WO2023030404A1 - 泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023030404A1
WO2023030404A1 PCT/CN2022/116298 CN2022116298W WO2023030404A1 WO 2023030404 A1 WO2023030404 A1 WO 2023030404A1 CN 2022116298 W CN2022116298 W CN 2022116298W WO 2023030404 A1 WO2023030404 A1 WO 2023030404A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
pressure relief
level
scoring
segment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/116298
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
杨开焕
郑挺
李全坤
王鹏
顾明光
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023528257A priority Critical patent/JP2023549795A/ja
Priority to EP22863539.7A priority patent/EP4239777A1/en
Priority to KR1020237015526A priority patent/KR20230084541A/ko
Priority to CN202280005459.3A priority patent/CN116075964A/zh
Publication of WO2023030404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023030404A1/zh
Priority to US18/333,167 priority patent/US20230327275A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/40—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves with a fracturing member, e.g. fracturing diaphragm, glass, fusible joint
    • F16K17/403—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves with a fracturing member, e.g. fracturing diaphragm, glass, fusible joint with a fracturing valve member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular, to a pressure relief device, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • a pressure relief device In battery technology, in order to ensure the safety of the battery cell, a pressure relief device is generally installed in the battery cell. When the inside of the battery cell or when the temperature reaches a threshold, the pressure relief device breaks at the position where the notch groove is set, so that Release the pressure inside the battery cell. For a general pressure relief device, pressure relief may also occur when the internal pressure of the battery cell is within a normal range, and the long-term reliability is poor.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a pressure relief device, a battery cell, a battery, and electrical equipment, which can effectively improve the long-term reliability of the pressure relief device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a pressure relief device, including a pressure relief part and a multi-stage scoring groove, the pressure relief part has opposite first and second surfaces in its thickness direction; the multi-stage scoring groove Sequentially arranged on the pressure relief part along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, among the two-stage scoring grooves adjacent in the thickness direction, the first-stage scoring groove far away from the first surface is arranged at the first-stage scoring groove close to the first surface The bottom surface of the scoring slot.
  • the pressure relief part is provided with multi-level scoring grooves, and the multi-level scoring grooves are arranged in the pressure relief part in sequence along the direction from the first surface to the second surface of the pressure relief part, and the first level away from the first surface
  • the scoring groove is set on the bottom surface of the first-level scoring groove close to the first surface.
  • the pressure relief device of this structure adopts a multi-level scoring groove structure, which can reduce the forming depth of each scoring groove, thereby reducing the The forming force on the pressure relief part when scoring the groove reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part, and the pressure relief device is not easy to fail due to cracks in the pressure relief part at the position where the score groove is set, improving the long-term reliability of the pressure relief device .
  • the multi-level scoring groove includes at least one first-level scoring groove
  • the first-level scoring groove includes a first groove segment, a second groove segment and a third groove segment, the first groove segment and the second groove segment
  • the two groove sections are oppositely arranged, the first groove section and the second groove section intersect with the third groove section
  • the pressure relief part includes an opening area
  • the first groove section, the second groove section and the third groove section are along the edge of the opening area It is provided that the opening area is configured to be openable with the first slot segment, the second slot segment and the third slot segment as boundaries. In this way, the opening area can be opened with the first groove section, the second groove section and the third groove section as boundaries, which increases the pressure relief area of the pressure relief part and improves the pressure relief rate of the pressure relief part.
  • the first-level scoring groove further includes a fourth groove segment, the fourth groove segment is located between the first groove segment and the second groove segment, and the fourth groove segment intersects the third groove segment.
  • the stress of the pressure relief part is more concentrated at the intersection of the third groove segment and the fourth groove segment, and it is easier to break, so that the pressure relief part is along the third
  • the groove segment ruptures, and ruptures along the first groove segment and the second groove segment after the third groove segment ruptures, so as to realize rapid pressure relief.
  • the distance from the intersection of the fourth slot segment and the third slot segment to the first slot segment is equal to the distance from the intersection position of the fourth slot segment and the third slot segment to the second slot segment distance.
  • the first slot segment, the second slot segment, and the third slot segment define at least one open region.
  • the opening area is jointly defined by the first groove section, the second groove section and the third groove section.
  • the opening area can be opened in a reversed manner. After opening, the opening area is always connected with other areas of the pressure relief part, and it is not easy to fall off, reducing the opening of the opening area. risk of splashing.
  • the first groove segment, the second groove segment and the third groove segment define two open areas, and the two open areas are respectively located on two sides of the third groove segment.
  • the parts of the pressure relief part in the two opening areas can be opened in half for pressure relief, which increases the pressure relief area and effectively improves the pressure relief rate of the pressure relief part.
  • the second surface is provided with a notch groove located in the opening area, and there is a distance between the notch groove and the third groove segment along the extending direction of the first groove segment.
  • the multi-level score grooves include a first-level score groove. There is only one first-level scoring groove in the multi-level scoring groove, which is easy to form, improves production efficiency, and is beneficial to reducing production cost.
  • the multi-level scoring grooves include multi-level first-level scoring grooves, and the multi-level first-level scoring grooves are sequentially arranged along the direction from the first surface to the second surface.
  • the multi-level first-level scoring grooves are sequentially arranged along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, which can reduce the forming depth of each first-level scoring groove, thereby reducing the pressure relief when forming each first-level scoring groove
  • the forming force on the part reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part.
  • the pressure relief part is provided with the remaining part of the position of the first-level scoring groove.
  • the hardness of the pressure increases accordingly, and the hardness of the residual part after the multi-level first-level notch groove is set on the pressure relief part is improved, so that the long-term reliability is better, the impact resistance is better, and the probability of damage by external impact is reduced.
  • the outermost first-level scoring groove is disposed on the first surface.
  • the outermost first-level scoring groove can be formed directly on the first surface, which simplifies the structure of the pressure relief device and reduces the production cost.
  • the multi-level score grooves include two first-level score grooves.
  • the multi-level scoring groove further includes at least one second-level scoring groove, and the at least one second-level scoring groove and the at least one first-level scoring groove extend from the first surface to the second are arranged sequentially in the direction of the surface; wherein, the open area is formed on the groove bottom wall of the first-level second-level scoring groove farthest from the first surface.
  • the second-level scoring groove can be formed on the pressure relief part first, so that the pressure relief part is thinned in the area where the second-level scoring groove is set, and the hardness of the remaining part of the area is increased;
  • the first-level scoring groove is formed on the pressure relief part, so that the hardness of the residual part of the pressure relief part at the position of the first-level scoring groove is further increased, so that the long-term reliability is better, and it has better impact resistance. Reduced chance of impact damage.
  • the second-level scoring groove can provide an escape space for the opening process of the opening area, even if the first surface is obstructed Even if it is blocked by objects, the opening area can still be opened for pressure relief.
  • the multi-level scoring grooves include one level of second-level scoring grooves, and the second-level scoring grooves are disposed on the first surface.
  • the first-level and second-level scoring grooves are set on the pressure relief part, which is easy to form, improves production efficiency, and reduces production costs.
  • the multi-level scoring grooves include multi-level second-level scoring grooves, the multi-level second-level scoring grooves are sequentially arranged along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, and the outermost one second-level scoring grooves The scoring groove is disposed on the first surface.
  • the pressure relief part is provided with multi-level second-level scoring grooves, which can make the forming depth of each second-level scoring groove relatively shallow, and can reduce the forming pressure on the pressure relief part when forming each second-level scoring groove. force, reducing the risk of cracks in the pressure relief section.
  • the pressure relief part is provided with the remaining part of the second-level scoring groove area.
  • the hardness increases accordingly, so that the hardness of the remaining portion of the pressure relief portion in the region of the first-level scoring groove further increases.
  • the second-level scoring groove is a circular groove or a rectangular groove.
  • the structure of the second-level scoring groove is simple, easy to form, and can provide more avoidance space for the opening of the opening area.
  • each level of the scoring groove includes at least one groove segment, and among two adjacent groove segments in the thickness direction, the maximum width of the groove segment away from the first surface is smaller than that of the groove segment close to the first surface The minimum width of the slot segment.
  • the groove segments of the scoring grooves at all levels can be sequentially formed along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, so as to facilitate the forming of the groove segments of the scoring grooves at all levels.
  • the distance between the first surface and the second surface is H0
  • the distance from the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove closest to the second surface to the second surface is H1, satisfying: H1/H0 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the distance from the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove closest to the second surface to the second surface is H1, which satisfies: H1 ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the remaining thickness of the pressure relief part in the area where the first-level scoring groove is arranged closest to the second surface is small, which is easy to rupture and release pressure.
  • the depth of the primary scoring groove disposed on the first surface is H2, which satisfies: H2 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the depth of the first-level scoring groove on the outermost side of the pressure relief part is reduced, which reduces the forming force on the pressure relief part during the forming process of this level of scoring groove, and reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part.
  • the depth of each level of scoring groove between the primary scoring groove closest to the second surface and the primary scoring groove disposed on the first surface is H3, satisfying: H3 ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • the depth of each level of scoring groove on the pressure relief part is smaller except for the first-level scoring groove closest to the second surface and the first-level scoring groove on the first surface, reducing the pressure on the pressure relief part during the forming process. Forming force, reducing the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part.
  • only the primary scoring groove is disposed between the primary scoring groove closest to the second surface and the primary scoring groove disposed on the first surface.
  • the pressure relief part is provided with three grades of scoring grooves, which has a simple structure, can reduce the forming depth of each grade of scoring grooves, and reduce the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part.
  • an accommodation space is formed inside the pressure relief device, the pressure relief device has a plurality of walls defining the accommodation space, and the accommodation space is used for accommodating the electrode assembly, at least one of the plurality of walls is formed with a vent pressurized part.
  • the pressure relief device with this structure not only has the function of accommodating the electrode assembly, but also has the function of pressure relief.
  • the multiple wall portions include a peripheral wall and a bottom wall, the peripheral wall is arranged around the edge of the bottom wall, the peripheral wall and the bottom wall jointly define an accommodation space, an opening is formed at an end of the peripheral wall opposite to the bottom wall, and a leak is formed on the bottom wall. pressurized part.
  • the bottom wall of the pressure relief device has a pressure relief function, which is convenient for releasing the pressure inside the accommodating space.
  • the peripheral wall and the bottom wall are integrally formed. Since the bottom wall is formed with a pressure relief part, the peripheral wall and the bottom wall are integrally formed, so that the peripheral wall and the bottom wall with pressure relief function have good firmness. This integrated design can simplify the molding process and reduce production costs.
  • the first surface is the outer surface of the bottom wall.
  • the scoring groove can be formed on the outer side of the bottom wall, which is convenient for processing the scoring groove on the bottom wall.
  • the pressure relief part is an end cap, and the end cap is used to cover the opening of the housing.
  • the end cover has a pressure relief function, and the pressure relief structure is formed by providing a notch groove on the end cover.
  • the pressure relief structure has better stability and good long-term reliability.
  • the first surface is the surface of the end cap facing away from the housing.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including the pressure relief device provided in any one embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell provided in any one embodiment of the second aspect.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electric device, including the battery provided in any one embodiment of the third aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric view of a pressure relief device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is an isometric view of a pressure relief device provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of A of the pressure relief device shown in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial view of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a B-B sectional view of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a pressure relief device provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view at C of the pressure relief device shown in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a D-D sectional view of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is an axonometric view of a pressure relief device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a partial enlarged view at E of the pressure relief device shown in Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a partial view of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 14;
  • Fig. 16 is an F-F sectional view of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 15;
  • Fig. 17 is a partial enlarged view at G of the pressure relief part shown in Fig. 16;
  • Figure 18 is an isometric view of a pressure relief device provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 19 is a partial enlarged view of the H of the pressure relief device shown in Fig. 18 .
  • Icons 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery unit; 21-housing; 22-electrode assembly; 221-positive tab; 222-negative tab; 23-end cover ; 231-positive electrode terminal; 232-negative electrode terminal; 24-insulator; 25-pressure relief device; 251-pressure relief part; 2511-first surface; 2512-second surface; Score groove; 252a-first-level notch groove; 252b-second-level notch groove; 2521-first groove segment; 2522-second groove segment; 2523-third groove segment; 2524-fourth groove segment; 2525 - groove bottom wall; 253 - gap groove; 254 - peripheral wall; 255 - bottom wall; 26 - current collecting member; 100 - battery; 200 - controller; 300 - motor; 1000 - vehicle; Z - thickness direction.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief device on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a short circuit, overcharge, etc. occur, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released to the outside through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism, so as to prevent the battery cells from exploding and igniting.
  • the pressure relief device will also release pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell is within a normal range, resulting in failure of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief device is generally provided with notched grooves on the pressure relief part. In order to ensure that the pressure relief device can normally release the pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches the threshold value, the notched groove needs to be processed deeper. After the notched groove on the pressure relief part is formed, cracks are likely to occur, and the internal pressure of the battery cell is within the normal range (not reaching the threshold) and the pressure relief device releases pressure.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a pressure relief device.
  • multi-stage scoring grooves are arranged in sequence from the first surface to the second surface, and two adjacent stages in the thickness direction Among the scoring grooves, the primary scoring groove far away from the first surface is arranged on the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove close to the first surface.
  • the multi-stage scoring groove structure can be used to reduce the forming depth of each scoring groove, thereby reducing the forming force on the pressure relief part when forming each scoring groove, and reducing the pressure of the pressure relief part.
  • the risk of cracks the pressure relief device is not easy to fail due to cracks in the position where the pressure relief part is provided with the notch groove, and the long-term reliability of the pressure relief device is improved.
  • the pressure relief device described in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to batteries and electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special limitations on the above electric equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box body 10 and a battery cell 20 , and the box body 10 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20 .
  • the box body 10 is a component for accommodating the battery cell 20
  • the box body 10 provides a storage space for the battery cell 20
  • the box body 10 may have various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other to define a storage space for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder and so on.
  • the first part 11 can be a hollow structure with one side open, and the second part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the open side of the second part 12 is covered with the open side of the first part 11 to form a box with accommodating space.
  • first part 11 is a hollow structure with one side open
  • second part 12 is a plate-like structure
  • the second part 12 covers the open side of the first part 11 to form a box body 10 with a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be sealed by a sealing element, and the sealing element can be a sealing ring, a sealant, or the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or a plurality of battery cells 20 . If there are multiple battery cells 20 , the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 10 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 20 are directly connected in series, parallel or mixed together, and then all the battery cells 20 are housed in the case 10 as a whole.
  • the battery 100 may further include a confluence component, through which the plurality of battery cells 20 may be electrically connected, so as to realize series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cap 23 , an insulator 24 and a pressure relief device 25 (not shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the casing 21 is a component for accommodating the electrode assembly 22, and the casing 21 may be a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end.
  • the housing 21 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on.
  • the housing 21 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy and so on.
  • Electrodes assemblies 22 there may be one or more electrode assemblies 22 in the housing 21 .
  • there are a plurality of electrode assemblies 22 and the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 are stacked and arranged in the casing 21 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a part where electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a coiled structure formed by winding a positive pole piece, a separator and a negative pole piece, or a laminated structure formed by stacking a positive pole piece, a separator and a negative pole piece.
  • the positive electrode sheet may include a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on opposite sides of the positive electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on opposite sides of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a positive pole tab 221 and a negative pole tab 222.
  • the positive pole tab 221 can be the part of the positive pole piece that is not coated with the positive active material layer
  • the negative pole tab 222 can be the part that is not coated with the negative pole active material layer on the negative pole piece. part.
  • the end cap 23 is a component that covers the opening of the casing 21 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 23 covers the opening of the casing 21 , and the end cap 23 and the casing 21 jointly define a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the shape of the end cap 23 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 21.
  • the housing 21 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cap 23 is a rectangular plate-shaped structure compatible with the housing 21.
  • the housing 21 is a cylinder.
  • the body structure, the end cover 23 is a circular plate-shaped structure suitable for the housing 21.
  • the material of the end cover 23 can also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the material of the end cover 23 and the material of the shell 21 can be the same or different.
  • Electrode terminals can be provided on the end cap 23 , and the electrode terminals are used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22 to output the electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminals may include a positive electrode terminal 231 and a negative electrode terminal 232 , the positive electrode terminal 231 is used for electrical connection with the positive electrode tab 221 , and the negative electrode terminal 232 is used for electrically connecting with the negative electrode tab 222 .
  • the positive electrode terminal 231 and the positive tab 221 may be directly connected or indirectly connected, and the negative electrode terminal 232 and the negative tab 222 may be directly connected or indirectly connected.
  • the positive electrode terminal 231 is electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 221 through a current collecting member 26
  • the negative electrode terminal 232 is electrically connected to the negative electrode tab 222 through another current collecting member 26 .
  • the insulator 24 is a part separating the casing 21 from the electrode assembly 22 , and the insulation and isolation of the casing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 are realized through the insulator 24 .
  • the insulating member 24 is an insulating material, and the insulating member 24 may be an insulating material such as plastic or rubber.
  • the insulating member 24 covers the outer circumference of the electrode assembly 22 in the circumferential direction. It can be understood that, in the case of multiple electrode assemblies 22 , the insulating member 24 covers the entire outer circumference of the plurality of electrode assemblies 22 in the circumferential direction.
  • the pressure relief device 25 is a component for releasing the pressure inside the battery cell 20 , and when the pressure or temperature inside the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, the pressure inside the battery cell 20 is released through the pressure relief device 25 .
  • the pressure relief device 25 may be a component disposed on the end cover 23 , or the housing 21 may be used as the pressure relief device 25 , or the end cover 23 may be used as the pressure relief device 25 .
  • the specific structure of the pressure relief device 25 will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the pressure relief device 25 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure relief part 251 shown in Figure 4, the embodiment of the present application provides a
  • the pressure relief device 25, the pressure relief device 25 includes a pressure relief part 251 and a multi-stage scoring groove 252, and the pressure relief part 251 has an opposite first surface 2511 and a second surface 2512 in its thickness direction Z;
  • the multi-stage scoring groove 252 are sequentially arranged in the pressure relief part 251 along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512, and among the two-stage scoring grooves 252 adjacent in the thickness direction Z, the first-stage scoring groove 252 away from the first surface 2511 is arranged on the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 close to the first surface 2511 .
  • Score grooves 252 are sequentially arranged on the pressure relief part 251 along its thickness direction Z, which can be two-stage, three-stage, four-stage, etc. In the adjacent two-stage score grooves 252, the first-stage notch away from the first surface 2511 The groove 252 is disposed on the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 close to the first surface 2511 .
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 on the pressure relief part 251 can be formed by various methods, such as stamping, milling and so on. Taking forming the multi-level scoring groove 252 by stamping as an example, the multi-level scoring groove 252 can be stamped and formed sequentially on the pressure relief portion 251 along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512 .
  • the scoring groove 252 can have various shapes, for example, straight line, arc shape, U shape, H shape, ring shape, rectangle shape, circle shape and so on.
  • the shapes of the scoring grooves 252 at each stage may be the same or different.
  • two-stage scoring grooves 252 are provided on the pressure relief portion 251 , and the two-stage scoring grooves 252 are both linear.
  • the first surface 2511 and the second surface 2512 of the pressure relief part 251 are two opposite surfaces of the pressure relief part 251 in its thickness direction Z, and the distance between the first surface 2511 and the second surface 2512 is the pressure relief part 251 thickness of.
  • the pressure relief part 251 can be a part installed on the end cover 23, for example, the pressure relief part 251 is a burst plate installed on the end cover 23; the pressure relief part 251 can also be used as the end cover 23 as a whole; the pressure relief part 251 can be A part of the housing 21 , for example, the pressure relief portion 251 may be a wall of the housing 21 or a part of a wall.
  • the pressure relief portion 251 is provided with multi-level scoring grooves 252 , and the multi-level scoring grooves 252 are sequentially arranged on the pressure relief portion along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512 of the pressure relief portion 251 251, the first-level scoring groove 252 away from the first surface 2511 is set on the bottom surface of the first-level scoring groove 252 close to the first surface 2511, the pressure relief device 25 of this structure adopts a multi-level scoring groove 252 structure, which can reduce The molding depth of each level of scoring groove 252 can reduce the forming force on the pressure relief part 251 when forming each level of scoring groove 252, and reduce the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part 251.
  • the pressure relief device 25 is not easy to be damaged by the pressure relief part. 251 fails due to cracks at the position where the scoring groove 252 is provided, which improves the long-term reliability of the pressure relief device 25 .
  • the scoring grooves 252 can be formed step by step on the pressure relief part 251 from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512, and the forming of the scoring grooves 252 at each stage
  • the relatively shallow depth makes the pressure relief portion 251 subjected to less molding force, which can reduce the risk of cracks in the pressure relief portion 251 and improve the flatness of the first surface 2511 .
  • the hardness of the position where the pressure relief part 251 is provided with the scoring groove 252 will change accordingly. The increase increases the hardness of the remaining part of the pressure relief part 251 after the multi-level scoring groove 252 is provided, so that the long-term reliability is better, the impact resistance is better, and the probability of damage by external impact is reduced.
  • FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a pressure relief device 25 provided in some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of A of the pressure relief device 25 shown in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 is a partial view of the pressure relief portion 251 shown in FIG. 7
  • FIG. 9 is a B-B sectional view of the pressure relief portion 251 shown in FIG. 8
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 includes at least one first-level scoring groove 252a, and the first-level scoring groove 252a includes a first groove segment 2521, a second groove segment 2522 and a third groove segment 2523, the first groove segment 2521 and the third groove segment 2523.
  • the second slot section 2522 is oppositely disposed, and the first slot section 2521 and the second slot section 2522 both intersect with the third slot section 2523 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 includes an opening area 2513, and the first groove segment 2521, the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523 are arranged along the edge of the opening area 2513, and the opening area 2513 is configured to be able to use the first groove segment 2521, the The second slot section 2522 and the third slot section 2523 are open for the boundary.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 may be the first-level scoring groove 252a, or the multi-level adjacent scoring grooves 252 may be the first-level scoring grooves.
  • 252a that is to say, the pressure relief part 251 may be provided with one first-stage scoring groove 252a, or may be provided with multiple first-stage scoring grooves 252a.
  • first-level scoring groove 252a there is a first-level scoring groove 252 in the multi-level scoring groove 252 as the first-level scoring groove 252a;
  • Multi-level first-level scoring grooves 252a understandably, multi-level scoring grooves 252 in the multi-level scoring grooves 252 are first-level scoring grooves 252a, for example, three-level scoring grooves are set on the pressure relief part 251 252, which can be a two-stage or three-stage scoring groove 252 is a first-stage scoring groove 252a.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 a includes a plurality of groove segments, wherein one groove segment is a first groove segment 2521 , another groove segment is a second groove segment 2522 , and another groove segment is a third groove segment 2523 .
  • the first slot section 2521, the second slot section 2522 and the third slot section 2523 can be linear slots, the first slot section 2521 can be parallel to the second slot section 2522, the first slot section 2521 and the second slot section 2522 can be It is perpendicular to the third groove segment 2523 .
  • the position where the first groove section 2521 intersects with the third groove section 2523 can be located at one end of the third groove section 2523, or can be located at a position deviated from one end of the third groove section 2523, so that one end of the third groove section 2523 is along the third groove.
  • the extension direction of the segment 2523 is beyond the first slot segment 2521 .
  • the position where the second groove segment 2522 intersects with the third groove segment 2523 may be located at the other end of the third groove segment 2523, or may be located at a position deviated from the other end of the third groove segment 2523, so that the other end of the third groove segment 2523 is along the The extending direction of the third groove segment 2523 exceeds the second groove segment 2522 .
  • the third slot segment 2523 may be located at the ends of the first slot segment 2521 and the second slot segment 2522 , for example, the first slot segment 2521 , the third slot segment 2523 and the second slot segment 2522 are sequentially connected to form a U shape.
  • the third groove section 2523 can also be located in the middle of the first groove section 2521 and the second groove section 2522, for example, as shown in Figure 8, the first groove section 2521, the second groove section 2522 and the third groove section 2523 form a H shape.
  • the pressure relief portion 251 is provided with multiple first-stage scoring grooves 252a, among the two adjacent first-stage scoring grooves 252a, the one away from the first surface 2511
  • the first groove segment 2521 in the first-level scoring groove 252a is arranged on the bottom surface of the first groove segment 2521 in the first-level scoring groove 252a close to the first surface 2511, and the adjacent two-level first grooves
  • the extension direction of the segments 2521 is the same;
  • the second groove segment 2522 in the first-level scoring groove 252a away from the first surface 2511 is arranged in the second groove in the first-level scoring groove 252a close to the first surface 2511 the bottom surface of segment 2522, and the extension direction of adjacent two second groove segments 2522 is the same;
  • the bottom surface of the third groove segment 2523 in the first-level scoring groove 252a, and the extending direction of the adjacent two-level third groove segments 2523 is the same.
  • the opening area 2513 can be opened with the first groove section 2521, the second groove section 2522 and the third groove section 2523 as the boundary, which increases the pressure relief area of the pressure relief part 251 and improves the pressure relief part 251. pressure release rate.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a further includes a fourth groove segment 2524, the fourth groove segment 2524 is located between the first groove segment 2521 and the second groove segment 2522, and the fourth groove segment Segment 2524 intersects third slot segment 2523 .
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 a also includes a fourth groove segment 2524 , understandably, there is another groove segment in the first-level scoring groove 252 a which is the fourth groove segment 2524 . It may be that only the first groove segment 2521, the second groove segment 2522, the third groove segment 2523 and the fourth groove segment 2524 are included in the first-level scoring groove 252a, or it may be that the first groove segment 2521, the second groove segment 2522, the third groove segment 2523 and the fourth groove segment 2524, it also includes other groove segments.
  • the fourth slot segment 2524 may be a linear slot, and the fourth slot segment 2524 may be parallel to the first slot segment 2521 and the second slot segment 2522 and perpendicular to the third slot segment 2523 .
  • the fourth slot section 2524 intersects the third slot section 2523 at a midpoint of the fourth slot section 2524 and a midpoint of the third slot section 2523 .
  • the length of the fourth slot segment 2524 is smaller than the lengths of the first slot segment 2521 and the second slot segment 2522 .
  • the pressure relief portion 251 is provided with multiple first-stage scoring grooves 252a, among the two adjacent first-stage scoring grooves 252a, the one away from the first surface 2511
  • the fourth groove segment 2524 in the first-level scoring groove 252a is arranged on the bottom surface of the fourth groove segment 2524 in the first-level scoring groove 252a close to the first surface 2511, and the adjacent two-level fourth grooves Segments 2524 extend in the same direction.
  • the fourth groove section 2524 located between the first groove section 2521 and the second groove section 2522 intersects with the third groove section 2523
  • the pressure relief part 251 is located between the third groove section 2523 and the fourth groove section 2524
  • the stress at the intersection position is more concentrated, and it is easier to break, so that the pressure relief part 251 breaks along the third groove section 2523 from the position where the third groove section 2523 and the fourth groove section 2524 intersect during the pressure relief process, and breaks in the third groove section 2523.
  • the segment 2523 ruptures along the first groove segment 2521 and the second groove segment 2522 after rupture, so as to realize rapid pressure relief.
  • the distance from the intersection of the fourth slot segment 2524 and the third slot segment 2523 to the first slot segment 2521 is equal to the distance between the fourth slot segment 2524 and the third slot segment 2523 The distance from the intersection location to the second slot segment 2522.
  • the distance from the intersection of the fourth groove segment 2524 and the third groove segment 2523 to the first groove segment 2521 is the distance between the third groove segment 2523 and the fourth groove segment 2524 and the first groove segment.
  • the distance from the intersection of the fourth groove segment 2524 and the third groove segment 2523 to the second groove segment 2522 is the distance between the third groove segment 2523 and the fourth groove segment 2524 and the second groove segment. The length of the portion between segments 2522.
  • the fourth groove section 2524 can be set at the midpoint of the third groove section 2523, so that the distance from the intersection of the fourth groove section 2524 and the third groove section 2523 to the first groove section 2521 is equal to the distance between the fourth groove section 2524 and the first groove section 2521. The distance from the intersection position of the three groove segments 2523 to the second groove segment 2522 .
  • the distance from the intersection of the fourth groove segment 2524 and the third groove segment 2523 to the first groove segment 2521 is equal to the distance from the intersection position of the fourth groove segment 2524 and the third groove segment 2523 to the second groove segment 2522 , so that the pressure relief part 251 can break along the third groove segment 2523 at the position where the fourth groove segment 2524 intersects with the third groove segment 2523, and then simultaneously rupture along the first groove segment 2521 and the second groove segment 2522, so that the opening Zone 2513 can be opened more quickly.
  • the first slot segment 2521 , the second slot segment 2522 and the third slot segment 2523 define at least one opening area 2513 .
  • the opening area 2513 is jointly defined by the first groove segment 2521 , the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523 , and the first-level scoring groove 252 a is not a closed structure.
  • the opening area 2513 defined by the first groove segment 2521 , the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523 may be one or two.
  • the first groove segment 2521, the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523 form an approximately U-shaped structure, and the opening area 2513 is one;
  • the segment 2523 forms an approximately H-shaped structure, and there are two opening regions 2513 .
  • the opening area 2513 is jointly defined by the first groove segment 2521, the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523, the opening area 2513 can be opened in a reversed manner, and the opening area 2513 is always connected with the pressure relief part after opening.
  • the other areas of the 251 are connected and are not easy to fall off, reducing the risk of splashing after the opening area 2513 is opened.
  • the first groove segment 2521 , the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523 define two open areas 2513 , and the two open areas 2513 are located at the sides of the third groove segment 2523 respectively. sides.
  • the first slot section 2521 , the second slot section 2522 and the third slot section 2523 jointly define two open areas 2513 , and the first slot section 2521 , the second slot section 2522 and the third slot section 2523 may form an approximately H-shaped structure.
  • the third slot section 2523 and the first slot section 2521 may intersect at the midpoint of the first slot section 2521, and the third slot section 2523 and the second slot section 2522 may intersect at the midpoint of the second slot section 2522.
  • the two opening areas 2513 are respectively located on both sides of the third groove section 2523, so that the two opening areas 2513 are bounded by the third groove section 2523, and after the pressure relief part 251 breaks at the position of the third groove section 2523, the two opening areas 2513
  • the first groove section 2521 and the second groove section 2522 are opened in half to realize pressure relief, which increases the pressure relief area and effectively improves the pressure relief rate of the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • first-level scoring groove 252a includes the fourth groove segment 2524 or not
  • first groove segment 2521 , the second groove segment 2522 and the third groove segment 2523 can define two opening regions 2513 .
  • the second surface 2512 is provided with a notch groove 253 located in the opening area 2513 , and in the extending direction of the first groove segment 2521 , the notch groove 253 and the third groove segment 2523 There is a distance.
  • the second surface 2512 is provided with a notch groove 253 located in the opening area 2513 , understandably, the notch groove 253 is recessed from the second surface 2512 along a direction facing the first surface 2511 .
  • the notch groove 253 may be completely located in the opening area 2513 , or the notch groove 253 may be partially located in the opening area 2513 .
  • the notch groove 253 can extend along the extending direction of the third groove segment 2523 , so that the notch groove 253 is parallel to the third groove segment 2523 .
  • a notch groove 253 can be provided on the first surface 2511 correspondingly.
  • the first surface 2511 can be provided with two notches correspondingly
  • one opening area 2513 is correspondingly provided with one notch slot 253 .
  • the notch groove 253 there is a distance between the notch groove 253 and the third groove segment 2523 in the extending direction of the first groove segment 2521, and the notch groove 253 is located in the opening area 2513, so that the pressure relief part 251 is in the pressure relief process, A part of the pressure relief part 251 located in the opening area 2513 can be turned around with the position of the pressure relief part 251 located in the notch groove 253 as an axis, so that it is easier to open the pressure relief.
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 includes a first-level scoring groove 252a.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 is the first-level scoring groove 252a.
  • two-stage scoring grooves 252 are provided on the pressure relief portion 251 , wherein the first-stage scoring groove 252 is the first-stage scoring groove 252 a.
  • first-level scoring groove 252a in the multi-level scoring groove 252, which is simple to form, improves production efficiency, and is beneficial to reduce production cost.
  • FIG. 10 is an axonometric view of a pressure relief device 25 provided in some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 11 is a view at C of the pressure relief device 25 shown in FIG. Partial enlarged view
  • FIG. 12 is a D-D sectional view of the pressure relief part 251 shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the multi-level scoring grooves 252 include multi-level first-level scoring grooves 252a, and the multi-level first-level scoring grooves 252a are sequentially arranged along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512 .
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 a away from the first surface 2511 is disposed on the bottom surface of the first-level scoring groove 252 a close to the first surface 2511 .
  • Two-stage, three-stage, four-stage or five-stage first-stage scoring grooves 252 a may be provided on the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the multi-level scoring grooves 252 on the pressure relief part 251 may all be the first-level scoring grooves 252a, or part of them may be the first-level scoring grooves 252a.
  • the three-level scoring groove 252 provided on the pressure relief part 251 it can be that the two-level scoring groove 252 is the first-level scoring groove 252a, or the third-level scoring groove 252 is the first-level scoring groove 252a. Track groove 252a.
  • the multi-level first-level scoring grooves 252a are sequentially arranged along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512, which can reduce the forming depth of each level of first-level scoring grooves 252a, thereby reducing the time required for each step of forming.
  • the forming force on the pressure relief portion 251 when the first stage scoring groove 252a is formed reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 is provided with a first-level scoring groove
  • the hardness of the remaining part at the position of 252a increases accordingly, and the hardness of the remaining part after the pressure relief part 251 is provided with multi-level first-level notch grooves 252a is increased, so that the long-term reliability is better, and it has better impact resistance. The probability of damage due to external impact is reduced.
  • the outermost first-level scoring groove 252 a is disposed on the first surface 2511 .
  • the outermost first-level scoring groove 252 a is recessed from the first surface 2511 in a direction facing the second surface 2512 . As shown in FIG. 12 , taking the pressure relief part 251 provided with two first-level scoring grooves 252a as an example, the outermost first-level scoring groove 252a is set on the first surface 2511, and the other first-level scoring groove 252a is set on the first surface 2511. The scoring groove 252a is disposed on the bottom surface of the outermost first-level scoring groove 252a.
  • the outermost first-level scoring groove 252a is provided on the first surface 2511, and the outermost first-level scoring groove 252a can be directly formed on the first surface 2511, which simplifies pressure relief.
  • the structure of the device 25 reduces the production cost.
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 includes two first-level scoring grooves 252a.
  • the two-level scoring grooves 252 are the first-level scoring grooves 252a. If the number of scoring grooves 252 on the pressure relief portion 251 is greater than two, only a part of the scoring grooves 252 in the multi-level scoring grooves 252 are first-level scoring grooves 252a. As shown in FIG. 12 , if only two-stage scoring grooves 252 are provided on the pressure relief portion 251 , then the two-stage scoring grooves 252 are both first-stage scoring grooves 252 a.
  • FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a pressure relief device 25 provided in another embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 14 is a view at E of the pressure relief device 25 shown in FIG. Partial enlarged view
  • FIG. 15 is a partial view of the pressure relief part 251 shown in FIG. 14
  • FIG. 16 is a F-F sectional view of the pressure relief part 251 shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 also includes at least one second-level scoring groove 252b. 2512 in the direction of the layout. Wherein, the opening region 2513 is formed on the groove bottom wall 2525 of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252 b farthest from the first surface 2511 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 may be provided with one level of second-level scoring grooves 252b, or may be provided with multiple levels of second-level scoring grooves 252b. If the pressure relief part 251 is provided with multi-level second-level scoring grooves 252b, the multi-level second-level scoring grooves 252b are sequentially arranged on the pressure relief part 251 along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512, and each level is second. The profile of the bottom surface of the step scoring groove 252b decreases step by step. Certainly, one level of first-level scoring grooves 252 a may be provided on the pressure relief portion 251 , and multiple levels of first-level scoring grooves 252 a may also be provided.
  • At least one level of second-level scoring groove 252b and at least one level of first-level scoring groove 252a are sequentially provided on the pressure relief part 251 along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512.
  • all the second-level scoring grooves 252 b may be formed on the pressure relief portion 251 first, and then all the scoring grooves 252 are formed.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 a closest to the first surface 2511 is disposed on the bottom surface of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252 b farthest from the first surface 2511 .
  • the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b is the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b closest to the first surface 2511, and the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b is the furthest away from the first surface 2511.
  • the first-level and second-level scoring grooves 252 b on the first surface 2511 .
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a is not only the first-level scoring groove 252a closest to the first surface 2511, but also the first-level scoring groove 252a.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 a is the first-level scoring groove 252 a farthest from the first surface 2511 .
  • the groove bottom wall 2525 of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b farthest from the first surface 2511 is the part of the pressure relief portion 251 below the bottom surface of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b farthest from the first surface 2511, After the pressure relief part 251 forms the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b farthest from the first surface 2511, the remaining part of the pressure relief part 251 where the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b is set is the furthest away from the first level.
  • the groove bottom wall 2525 of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b on the surface 2511 As shown in FIG.
  • the part of the pressure relief part 251 below the bottom surface of the second-level scoring groove 252b is the part farthest from the first surface 2511
  • the groove bottom wall 2525 of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b is the part farthest from the first surface 2511
  • the opening area 2513 is formed on the groove bottom wall 2525 of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b farthest from the first surface 2511, and the opening area 2513 is the groove bottom of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b farthest from the first surface 2511 In the wall 2525 , the portion that can be opened is bounded by the first-level scoring groove 252 a farthest from the first surface 2511 when the pressure is released.
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b can be formed on the pressure relief part 251 first, so that the pressure relief part 251 is overall thinned in the area where the second-level scoring groove 252b is provided, and the hardness of the remaining part of this area is increased; Then, the first-level scoring groove 252a is formed on the pressure relief part 251, so that the hardness of the remaining part of the pressure relief part 251 at the position of the first-level scoring groove 252a is further increased, so that the long-term reliability is better, and it has a better performance. Good impact resistance, the probability of being damaged by external impact is reduced.
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b can provide an avoidance space for the opening process of the opening area 2513, Even if the first surface 2511 is blocked by an obstacle, the opening area 2513 can still be opened to release pressure.
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 includes a second-level scoring groove 252 b, and the second-level scoring groove 252 b is disposed on the first surface 2511 .
  • the first-level scoring groove 252 is the second-level scoring groove 252b.
  • the pressure relief part 251 may be provided with one level of first-level scoring grooves 252a, or may be provided with multiple levels of first-level scoring grooves 252a.
  • the outermost first-level scoring groove 252 is the second-level scoring groove 252b, and the other two-level scoring grooves 252 It is the first-level scoring groove 252a, the first-level scoring groove 252a is set on the bottom surface of the second-level scoring groove 252b, and the other first-level scoring groove 252a is set on the first-level scoring groove The bottom surface of 252a.
  • the pressure relief part 251 is provided with a first-level and a second-level scoring groove 252b, which is easy to form, improves production efficiency, and reduces production cost.
  • the multi-level scoring groove 252 includes a multi-level second-level scoring groove 252b, and the multi-level second-level scoring groove 252b is sequentially arranged along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512, and the outermost The first-level second-level scoring groove 252b is disposed on the first surface 2511 .
  • the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b away from the first surface 2511 is disposed on the bottom surface of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b close to the first surface 2511 .
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a closest to the first surface 2511 is disposed on the bottom surface of the first-level second-level scoring groove 252b farthest from the first surface 2511 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 may be provided with one first-stage scoring groove 252a, or may be provided with multiple first-stage scoring grooves 252a.
  • the two-level, three-level, four-level or five-level scoring grooves 252 may be the second-level scoring grooves 252b. That is to say, the pressure relief part 251 can be provided with second-level scoring grooves 252b such as two-level, three-level, four-level or five-level.
  • the outermost one-level second-level scoring groove 252b is recessed from the first surface 2511 toward the second surface 2512 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 is provided with multi-level second-level scoring grooves 252b, which can make the forming depth of each second-level scoring groove 252b relatively shallow, and can reduce the difficulty in forming each level of second-level scoring grooves.
  • the forming force on the pressure relief portion 251 during the groove 252b reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 is provided with a second-level scoring groove
  • the hardness of the remaining portion in the region 252b increases accordingly, so that the hardness of the remaining portion of the pressure relief portion 251 in the region of the first-level scoring groove 252a further increases.
  • the outer side of the second-level scoring groove 252b has a larger cross-section (perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the pressure relief part 251).
  • the trace groove 252b can provide more escape space for the opening of the opening area 2513 .
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b is a circular groove or a rectangular groove.
  • the cross section of the side of the sinker is rectangular. If the sinker is a circular tank, the cross section of the side of the sinker is circular. Wherein, the cross section is perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b is a rectangular groove.
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b is a circular groove or a rectangular groove.
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b has a simple structure and is easy to form, and can provide more escape space for opening the opening area 2513 .
  • each level of scoring groove 252 includes at least one groove segment, and among two adjacent groove segments in the thickness direction Z, the maximum width of the groove segment away from the first surface 2511 is smaller than that close to the first surface 2511 The minimum width of a slot segment for .
  • the groove segment away from the first surface 2511 is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove segment close to the first surface 2511 .
  • the scoring groove 252 There can be one or more groove segments in the scoring groove 252 , if there is one groove segment in the scoring groove 252 , the groove segment is the scoring groove 252 .
  • the scoring groove 252 is a linear groove, a rectangular groove or a circular groove, and the groove section in the scoring groove 252 is one; indivual.
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b there is one groove segment in the second-level scoring groove 252b; for the first-level scoring groove 252a, there are multiple groove segments in the first-level scoring groove 252a .
  • the groove sections in the two-stage scoring grooves 252 are multiple, the groove sections of the first-level scoring groove 252 can be combined with the groove sections of the other-level scoring groove 252.
  • One-to-one correspondence if there is one groove segment in the first-level scoring groove 252 close to the first surface 2511, there are multiple groove segments in the first-level scoring groove 252 away from the first surface 2511, which can be far away from the first surface
  • a plurality of groove segments in the primary scoring groove 252 of 2511 are disposed on the bottom surface of one groove segment in the primary scoring groove 252 of the first surface 2511 .
  • the maximum width of the groove segment away from the first surface 2511 is smaller than the minimum width of the groove segment close to the first surface 2511, that is, more
  • the groove segment width of the level scoring groove 252 decreases step by step along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512 .
  • the maximum width of a groove segment far away from the first surface 2511 does not limit the width of a groove segment far away from the first surface 2511 among two adjacent groove segments is gradual, and the width of a groove segment far away from the first surface 2511 In the case of not changing along the thickness direction Z of the pressure relief portion 251 , the width of a groove segment away from the first surface 2511 may also be referred to as the maximum width.
  • the minimum width of a groove segment close to the first surface 2511 does not limit the width of a groove segment close to the first surface 2511 among two adjacent groove segments to be gradual, and the width of a groove segment close to the first surface 2511 In the case of not changing along the thickness direction Z of the pressure relief portion 251 , the width of the groove segment of the primary scoring groove 252 close to the first surface 2511 can also be referred to as the minimum width.
  • the maximum width of a groove segment away from the first surface 2511 and the minimum width of a groove segment close to the first surface 2511 are the dimensions of two adjacent groove segments along the thickness direction Z in the same direction.
  • the maximum width of the first groove segment 2521 (a groove segment near the first surface 2511) of the first-level scoring groove 252a near the first surface 2511 is smaller than the minimum width of the first groove segment 252a near the first surface 2511;
  • the maximum width of the second groove segment 2522 (a groove segment away from the first surface 2511) of the first-level first-level scoring groove 252a of the surface 2511 is smaller than the first-level first-level scoring groove 252a close to the first surface 2511.
  • the minimum width of the second groove section 2522 (a groove section near the first surface 2511); ) is smaller than the minimum width of the third groove segment 2523 (a groove segment near the first surface 2511 ) of the first-level scoring groove 252a near the first surface 2511.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a is arranged on the second-level scoring groove 252b
  • the bottom surface of the bottom surface, the maximum width of the first groove section 2521 (a groove section away from the first surface 2511) of the first-level scoring groove 252a is smaller than that of the second-level scoring groove 252b (a groove section near the first surface 2511) Minimum width; the maximum width of the second groove section 2522 (a groove section away from the first surface 2511) of the first-level scoring groove 252a is smaller than that of the second-level scoring groove 252b (a groove section near the first surface 2511) Minimum width; the maximum width of the third groove section 2523 (a groove section away from the first surface 2511) of the first-level scoring groove 252a is smaller than that of the second-level scoring groove 252b (a groove section near the first surface 2511) Minimum width.
  • the width of the groove segments of the scoring grooves 252 at each level decreases step by step along the direction from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512.
  • the groove sections of the scoring grooves 252 at all levels are formed sequentially in the direction of each level, which is convenient for the forming of the groove sections of the scoring grooves 252 at all levels.
  • FIG. 17 is a partial enlarged view at G of the pressure relief portion 251 shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the distance between the first surface 2511 and the second surface 2512 is H0, and the distance from the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 to the second surface 2512 is H1, which satisfies: H1/H0 ⁇ 0.2.
  • H1/H0 can be any value smaller than 0.2, for example, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.13, 0.15, 0.18 and so on.
  • the distance between the first surface 2511 and the second surface 2512 is the thickness of the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the distance from the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 to the second surface 2512 is the thickness of the portion between the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the second surface 2512 , this thickness is also the residual thickness of the pressure relief portion 251 in the region of the primary scoring groove 252 disposed closest to the second surface 2512 .
  • the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 is also the primary scoring groove 252 farthest from the first surface 2511 .
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a away from the first surface 2511 is the first-level scoring groove 252a closest to the second surface 2512 Slot 252.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a is the scoring groove closest to the second surface 2512 252. As shown in FIG.
  • the first-level first-level scoring groove away from the second-level scoring groove 252 b is the first-level scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 .
  • the ratio of the distance from the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 to the second surface 2512 to the distance from the first surface 2511 to the second surface 2512 is less than 0.2, so that the pressure relief part 251 is located closest to the second surface 2512.
  • the remaining thickness of the area of the first-level scoring groove 252 on the surface 2512 accounts for a small proportion in the total thickness of the pressure relief portion 251, so that the bottom surface of the first-level scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the second surface 2512 The part in between can rupture normally to achieve pressure relief.
  • the distance from the bottom surface of the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 to the second surface 2512 is H1, which satisfies: H1 ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • H1 can be any value less than 0.5mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm and so on.
  • the distance from the bottom surface of the first-level scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 to the second surface 2512 is less than 0.5 mm, so that the pressure relief part 251 is set at the first-level scoring closest to the second surface 2512
  • the residual thickness in the region of the groove 252 is small, which is easy to rupture and release pressure.
  • the depth of the primary scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 is H2, which satisfies: H2 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • H2 can be any value smaller than 1mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm and so on.
  • the depth of the primary scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 is the distance between the bottom surface of the scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 and the first surface 2511 .
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b is set on the first surface 2511 The scoring groove 252.
  • the depth of the first-level scoring groove 252 provided on the first surface 2511 is less than 1 mm, so that the depth of the first-level scoring groove 252 on the outermost side of the pressure relief part 251 is relatively small, which reduces the pressure relief part 251.
  • the molding force suffered by the scoring groove 252 during the molding process reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the depth of each level of scoring groove 252 between the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the primary scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 is H3, satisfying: H3 ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • H3 can be any value smaller than 1.5mm, for example, 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm and so on.
  • the pressure relief portion 251 is provided with at least three levels of scoring grooves 252 .
  • each level of scoring groove 252 between the first-level scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the first-level scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 is less than 1.5mm, so that the leakage
  • the depth of each level of scoring groove 252 on the pressing part 251 except the first-level scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the first-level scoring groove 252 provided on the first surface 2511 is relatively small, which reduces the pressure relief during the molding process.
  • the forming force received by the pressure relief portion 251 reduces the risk of cracks in the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • only the primary scoring groove 252 is disposed between the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the primary scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 .
  • the first level of the second-level scoring grooves 252b away from The first-level scoring groove 252a is the first-level scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b is the first-level scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511
  • the second-level scoring groove 252b is the first-level scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511.
  • the primary scoring groove 252 a is the primary scoring groove 252 between the primary scoring groove 252 closest to the second surface 2512 and the primary scoring groove 252 disposed on the first surface 2511 .
  • the pressure relief part 251 is provided with three-stage scoring grooves 252 , which has a simple structure, can reduce the forming depth of each stage of scoring grooves 252 , and reduce the risk of cracks in the pressure relief part 251 .
  • an accommodation space is formed inside the pressure relief device 25 , the pressure relief device 25 has a plurality of walls defining the accommodation space, and the accommodation space is used for The electrode assembly 22 is accommodated, and at least one of the plurality of wall portions is formed with a pressure relief portion 251 .
  • one wall portion may be the pressure relief portion 251 , or multiple wall portions may be the pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the pressure relief device 25 has a plurality of pressure relief portions 251 correspondingly.
  • the first surface 2511 of the pressure relief portion 251 may be the outer surface of the wall or the inner surface of the wall.
  • the outer surface of the wall is the surface of the wall facing away from the electrode assembly 22
  • the inner surface of the wall is the surface of the wall facing the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the pressure relief device 25 serves as the casing 21 of the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief device 25 not only has the function of accommodating the electrode assembly 22, but also has the function of pressure relief.
  • the multiple wall portions include a peripheral wall 254 and a bottom wall 255, the peripheral wall 254 is surrounded by the edge of the bottom wall 255, the peripheral wall 254 and the bottom wall 255 jointly define a receiving space, and the end of the peripheral wall 254 is opposite to the bottom wall 255 An opening is formed, and the bottom wall 255 is formed with a pressure relief portion 251 .
  • the peripheral wall 254 surrounds the edge of the bottom wall 255 so that the pressure relief device 25 forms an opening at the opposite end of the bottom wall 255 , and the end cap 23 is used to cover the opening.
  • the pressure relief device 25 may have two wall portions, one being the bottom wall 255 and the other being the cylindrical peripheral wall 254 .
  • the pressure relief device 25 may have five walls, which are respectively a bottom wall 255 and four side walls, The four side walls are sequentially connected end to end to form the peripheral wall 254 .
  • the bottom wall 255 of the pressure relief device 25 has a pressure relief function, so as to relieve the pressure inside the containing space.
  • peripheral wall 254 and the bottom wall 255 are integrally formed.
  • the peripheral wall 254 and the bottom wall 255 can be integrally formed together, such as stamping, casting and so on.
  • the bottom wall 255 is formed with the pressure relief portion 251
  • the peripheral wall 254 and the bottom wall 255 are integrally formed, so that the peripheral wall 254 and the bottom wall 255 with the function of pressure relief have good firmness.
  • the formula design can simplify the molding process and reduce the production cost.
  • the first surface 2511 is an outer surface of the bottom wall 255 .
  • the multi-level scoring grooves 252 are sequentially arranged from the outer surface of the bottom wall 255 to the inner surface of the bottom wall 255 .
  • Fig. 18 is an isometric view of a pressure relief device 25 provided in other embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 19 is a part of H of the pressure relief device 25 shown in Fig. 18 Zoom in on the graph.
  • the pressure relief portion 251 is an end cover 23 , and the end cover 23 is used to cover the opening of the housing 21 .
  • first surface 2511 is the outer surface of the end cap 23, and the second surface 2512 is the inner surface of the end cap 23;
  • the outer surface of the end cover 23 is the surface of the end cover 23 facing away from the housing 21
  • the inner surface of the end cover 23 is the surface of the end cover 23 facing the housing 21 .
  • three-level scoring grooves 252 are provided on the end cap 23 , which are respectively one level of second-level scoring grooves 252 b and two levels of first-level scoring grooves 252 a.
  • the end cap 23 has a pressure relief function, and the pressure relief structure is formed by providing a notch groove 252 on the end cap 23 .
  • the pressure relief structure has better stability and good long-term reliability.
  • the first surface 2511 is a surface of the end cover 23 facing away from the housing 21 . Understandably, the first surface 2511 is the outer surface of the end cap 23 , and the outermost primary scoring groove 252 is disposed on the outer surface of the end cap 23 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 , including the pressure relief device 25 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100 including the battery cell 20 provided in any one of the above embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electric device, including the battery 100 provided in any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electric device may be any of the above-mentioned devices using the battery 100 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a casing 21, the casing 21 is a cuboid structure, the casing 21 includes a plurality of walls, and the plurality of walls jointly define a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 21 has an opening, and the wall of the housing 21 opposite to the opening is provided with three-level scoring grooves 252.
  • the three-level scoring grooves 252 are respectively one-level second-level scoring groove 252b and two-level first-level scoring grooves.
  • the first-level scoring groove 252a and the second-level scoring groove 252b are disposed on the outer surface of the wall.
  • the housing 21 of this structure integrates the pressure relief function and the accommodation function, and adopts the three-level scoring groove 252 structure, which can reduce the molding force on the housing 21 when forming each level of scoring groove 252, and reduce the pressure on the housing 21.
  • the risk of cracks is reduced, and the long-term reliability of the housing 21 is improved.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池技术领域。其中，泄压装置包括泄压部和多级刻痕槽，泄压部在其厚度方向上具有相对的第一表面和第二表面。多级刻痕槽沿第一表面到第二表面的方向依次设置于泄压部，在厚度方向上相邻的两级刻痕槽中，远离第一表面的一级刻痕槽设置于靠近第一表面的一级刻痕槽的底面。这种结构的泄压装置采用多级刻痕槽结构，可以降低每级刻痕槽的成型深度，从而降低在成型每级刻痕槽时泄压部所受到的成型力，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险，泄压装置不易因泄压部在设置刻痕槽的位置产生裂纹而失效，提高泄压装置的长期可靠性。

Description

泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年08月31日提交的名称为“泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备”的国际专利申请PCT/CN2021/115766的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
在电池技术中，为保证电池单体的安全性，一般会在电池单体中设置泄压装置，在电池单体内部或温度达到阈值时，泄压装置在设置刻痕槽的位置破裂，以泄放电池单体内部的压力。对于一般的泄压装置而言，在电池单体的内部压力处于正常范围内时也可能会出现泄压的情况，长期可靠性较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种泄压装置、电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效提高泄压装置的长期可靠性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种泄压装置，包括泄压部和多级刻痕槽，泄压部在其厚度方向上具有相对的第一表面和第二表面；多级刻痕槽沿第一表面到第二表面的方向依次设置于泄压部，在厚度方向上相邻的两级刻痕槽中，远离第一表面的一级刻痕槽设置于靠近第一表面的一级刻痕槽的底面。
上述技术方案中，泄压部上设置有多级刻痕槽，多级刻痕槽沿泄压部的第一表面到第二表面的方向依次布置于泄压部，远离第一表面的一级刻痕槽设置于靠近第一表面的一级刻痕槽的底面，这种结构的泄压装置采用多级刻痕槽结构，可以降低每级刻痕槽的成型深度，从而降低在成型每级刻痕槽时泄压部所受到的成型力，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险，泄压装置不易因泄压部在设置刻痕槽的位置产生裂纹而失效，提高泄压装置的长期可靠性。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽包括至少一级第一级刻痕槽，第一级刻痕槽包括第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段，第一槽段和第二槽段相对设置，第一槽段和第二槽段均与第三槽段相交；泄压部包括开启区，第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段沿着开启区的边缘设置，开启区被配置为能够以第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段为边界打开。这样，开启区能够以第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段为边界打开，增大了泄压部的泄压面积，提高了泄压部的泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，第一级刻痕槽还包括第四槽段，第四槽段位于第一槽段与第二槽段之间，第四槽段与第三槽段相交。泄压部在第三槽段与第四槽段相交位置应力更为集中，更容易破裂，使得泄压部在泄压过程中从第三槽段与第四槽段相交的位置沿着第三槽段破裂，并在第三槽段破裂后沿着第一槽段和第二槽段破裂，以实现快速泄压。
在一些实施例中，在第三槽段的延伸方向上，第四槽段与第三槽段相交位置到第一槽段的距离等于第四槽段与第三槽段相交位置到第二槽段的距离。这样，使得泄压部能够在第四槽段与第三槽段相交的位置沿着第三槽段破裂后，沿着第一槽段和第二槽段同步破裂，使得开启区能够更为快速地打开。
在一些实施例中，第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段界定出至少一个开启区。开启区由第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段共同界定，开启区能够以翻转的方式打开，开启区打开后始终与泄压部的其他区域相连，不易脱落，降低开启区打开后发生飞溅的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段界定出两个开启区，两个开启区分别位于第三槽段的两侧。泄压部在泄压过程中，泄压部在两个开启区的部分能够以对开的方式打开泄压，增大了泄压面积，可有效提高泄压部的泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，第二表面上设有位于开启区的缺口槽，在第一槽段的延伸方向上，缺口槽与第三槽段存在距离。这样，使得泄压部在泄压过程中，泄压部位于开启区的一部分能够以泄压部位于缺口槽的位置为轴翻转，更加容易打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽包括一级第一级刻痕槽。多级刻痕槽中仅有一级第一级刻痕槽，成型简单，提高了生产效率，有利于降低生产成本。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽包括多级第一级刻痕槽，多级第一级刻痕槽沿第一表面到第二表面的方向 依次设置。多级第一级刻痕槽沿第一表面到第二表面的方向依次设置，可以降低每级第一级刻痕槽的成型深度，从而降低在成型每级第一级刻痕槽时泄压部所受到的成型力，降低了泄压部产生裂纹的风险。在沿第一表面到第二表面的方向逐级加工第一级刻痕槽的过程中，每加工一级第一级刻痕槽，泄压部设置第一级刻痕槽的位置的残留部分的硬度就随之增加，提高泄压部设置多级第一级刻痕槽后残留部分的硬度，使得长期可靠性更好，具有更好的抗冲击能力，受到外力冲击破损的概率降低。
在一些实施例中，最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽设置于第一表面。可以直接在第一表面成型最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽，简化了泄压装置的结构，降低了生产成本。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽包括两级第一级刻痕槽。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽还包括至少一级第二级刻痕槽，至少一级第二级刻痕槽与至少一级第一级刻痕槽沿从第一表面到第二表面的方向上依次布置；其中，开启区形成于最远离于第一表面的一级第二级刻痕槽的槽底壁。在成型时，可以先在泄压部上成型第二级刻痕槽，使得泄压部在设置第二级刻痕槽的区域整体减薄，并提高该区域残留部分的硬度；然后，再在泄压部上成型第一级刻痕槽，使得泄压部在第一级刻痕槽位置的残留部分的硬度进一步增大，使得长期可靠性更好，具有更好的抗冲击能力，受到外力冲击破损的概率降低。此外，由于开启区形成于最远离第一表面的一级第二级刻痕槽的槽底壁，第二级刻痕槽能够为开启区打开的过程中提供避让空间，即使第一表面被障碍物所遮挡，开启区仍然能够打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽包括一级第二级刻痕槽，第二级刻痕槽设置于第一表面。泄压部设置一级第二级刻痕槽，成型简单，提高了生产效率，降低了生产成本。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽包括多级第二级刻痕槽，多级第二级刻痕槽沿第一表面到第二表面的方向依次设置，最外侧的一级第二级刻痕槽设置于第一表面。泄压部设置多级第二级刻痕槽，能够使得每级第二级刻痕槽的成型深度相对较浅，能够降低在成型每级第二级刻痕槽时泄压部所受到的成型力，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险。在沿第一表面到第二表面的方向逐级加工多级第二级刻痕槽时，每加工一级第二级刻痕槽，泄压部设置第二级刻痕槽区域的残留部分的硬度就随之增加，使得泄压部在第一级刻痕槽区域的残留部分的硬度进一步增大。
在一些实施例中，第二级刻痕槽为圆形槽或矩形槽。第二级刻痕槽结构简单，易于成型，能够为开启区的打开提供更多避让空间。
在一些实施例中，每级所述刻痕槽包括至少一个槽段，在厚度方向上相邻的两个槽段中，远离第一表面的一个槽段的最大宽度小于靠近第一表面的一个槽段的最小宽度。在成型时，可以沿第一表面到第二表面的方向依次成型各级刻痕槽的槽段，便于各级刻痕槽的槽段成型。
在一些实施例中，第一表面与第二表面的距离为H0，最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽的底面到第二表面的距离为H1，满足：H1/H0<0.2。这样，使得泄压部在设置最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽的区域的残留厚度在泄压部的总厚度中的占比较小，使得最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽的底面与第二表面之间的部分能够正常破裂，以实现泄压。
在一些实施例中，最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽的底面到第二表面的距离为H1，满足：H1<0.5mm。使得泄压部在设置最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽的区域的残留厚度较小，易于破裂泄压。
在一些实施例中，设置于第一表面的一级刻痕槽的深度为H2，满足：H2<1mm。使得泄压部最外侧的一级刻痕槽的深度较小，降低了泄压部在该级刻痕槽在成型过程所受到的成型力，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险。
在一些实施例中，最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽与设置于第一表面的一级刻痕槽之间的每级刻痕槽的深度为H3，满足：H3<1.5mm。使得泄压部上除了最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽和设置于第一表面的一级刻痕槽以外的每级刻痕槽的深度较小，降低成型过程泄压部所受到的成型力，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险。
在一些实施例中，最靠近第二表面的一级刻痕槽与设置于第一表面的一级刻痕槽之间仅设置一级刻痕槽。使得泄压部上设置三级刻痕槽，结构简单，可以降低每级刻痕槽的成型深度，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险。
在一些实施例中，泄压装置内部形成有容纳空间，泄压装置具有界定出容纳空间的多个壁部，容纳空间用于收容电极组件，多个壁部中的至少一个壁部形成有泄压部。这种结构的泄压装置既具有容纳电极组件的容纳功能，又具有泄压功能。
在一些实施例中，多个壁部包括周壁和底壁，周壁围设于底壁的边缘，周壁与底壁共同限定出容纳空间，周壁与底壁相对的一端形成开口，底壁形成有泄压部。使得泄压装置的底壁具有泄压功能，便于泄放容纳空间内部的压力。
在一些实施例中，周壁与底壁为一体成型结构。由于底壁形成有泄压部，周壁与底壁为一体成型结构，使得周壁与具有泄压功能的底壁具有很好的牢固性，这种一体式设计能够简化成型工艺，降低生产成本。
在一些实施例中，第一表面为底壁的外表面。这样，可以在底壁的外侧加工成型刻痕槽，便于在底壁上加工刻痕槽。
在一些实施例中，泄压部为端盖，端盖用于盖合壳体的开口。使得端盖具有泄压功能，通过在端盖上设置刻痕槽的方式来形成泄压结构，泄压结构具有更好的稳定性，具有良好的长期可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一表面为端盖背离壳体的表面。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括第一方面任意一个实施例提供的泄压装置。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第三方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的泄压装置的轴测图；
图5为图4所示的泄压部的截面图；
图6为本申请又一些实施例提供的泄压装置的轴测图；
图7为图6所示的泄压装置的A处的局部放大图；
图8为图7所示的泄压部的局部视图；
图9为图8所示的泄压部的B-B剖视图；
图10为本申请再一些实施例提供的泄压装置的轴侧图；
图11为图10所示的泄压装置的C处的局部放大图；
图12为图11所示的泄压部的D-D剖视图；
图13为本申请另一些实施例提供的泄压装置的轴测图；
图14为图13所示的泄压装置的E处的局部放大图；
图15为图14所示的泄压部的局部视图；
图16为图15所示的泄压部的F-F剖视图；
图17为图16所示的泄压部的G处的局部放大图；
图18为本申请其他实施例提供的泄压装置的轴测图；
图19为图18所示的泄压装置的H处的局部放大图。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-壳体；22-电极组件；221-正极极耳；222-负极极耳；23-端盖；231-正极电极端子；232-负极电极端子；24-绝缘件；25-泄压装置；251-泄压部；2511-第一表面；2512-第二表面；2513-开启区；252-刻痕槽；252a-第一级刻痕槽；252b-第二级刻痕槽；2521-第一槽段；2522-第二槽段；2523-第三槽段；2524-第四槽段；2525-槽底壁；253-缺口槽；254-周壁；255-底壁；26-集流构件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不 排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
电池单体上的泄压装置对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
发明人发现，在一般的电池单体中，泄压装置在电池单体的内部压力处于正常范围内也会出现泄压的情况，导致电池单体失效。发明人进一步研究发现，泄压装置一般是在泄压部设置刻痕槽，为保证泄压装置在电池单体内部压力或温度达到阈值时能够正常泄压，需要将刻痕槽加工较深，泄压部上的刻痕槽成型后，容易产生裂纹，出现电池单体的内部压力处于正常范围(未达到阈值)内泄压装置泄压的情况。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种泄压装置，在泄压装置的泄压部上从第一表面到第二表面的方向依次布置多级刻痕槽，在厚度方向上相邻的两级刻痕槽中，远离第一表面的一级刻痕槽设置于靠近第一表面的一级刻痕槽的底面。
在这样的泄压装置中，采用多级刻痕槽结构，可以降低每级刻痕槽的成型深度，从而降低在成型每级刻痕槽时泄压部所受到的成型力，降低泄压部产生裂纹的风险，泄压装置不易因泄压部在设置刻痕槽的位置产生裂纹而失效，提高泄压装置的长期可靠性。
本申请实施例描述的泄压装置适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天 器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20。
其中，箱体10是容纳电池单体20的部件，箱体10为电池单体20提供收容空间，箱体10可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的收容空间。第一部分11和第二部分12可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分11可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12的开放侧盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有收容空间的箱体10。也可以是第一部分11为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12为板状结构，第二部分12盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有收容空间的箱体10。第一部分11与第二部分12可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。也可以是所有电池单体20之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图。电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22、端盖23、绝缘件24和泄压装置25(图3未示出)。
壳体21是用于容纳电极组件22的部件，壳体21可以是一端形成开口的空心结构。壳体21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体21的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
壳体21内的电极组件22可以是一个，也可以是多个。例如，如图所示，电极组件22为多个，多个电极组件22层叠布置于壳体21内。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件22可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。电极组件22可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。
正极极片可以包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体相对的两侧的正极活性物质层。负极极片可以包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体相对的两侧的负极活性物质层。电极组件22具有正极极耳221和负极极耳222，正极极耳221可以是正极极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分，负极极耳222可以是负极极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
端盖23是盖合于壳体21的开口以将电池单体20的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖23盖合于壳体21的开口，端盖23与壳体21共同限定出用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件的密封空间。端盖23的形状可以与壳体21的形状相适配，比如，壳体21为长方体结构，端盖23为与壳体21相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，壳体21为圆柱体结构，端盖23为与壳体21相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖23的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等，端盖23的材质与壳体21的材质可以相同，也可以不同。
端盖23上可以设置电极端子，电极端子用于与电极组件22电连接，以输出电池单体20的电能。电极端子可以包括正极电极端子231和负极电极端子232，正极电极端子231用于与正极极耳221电连接，负极电极端子232用于与负极极耳222电连接。正极电极端子231与正极极耳221可以直接连接，也可以间接连接，负极电极端子232与负极极耳222可以直接连接，也可以间接连接。示例性的，正极电极端子231通过一个集流构件26与正极极耳221电连接，负极电极端子232通过另一个集流构件26与负极极耳222电连接。
绝缘件24是将壳体21与电极组件22分隔的部件，通过绝缘件24来实现壳体21与电极组件22的绝缘隔离。绝缘件24为绝缘材质，绝缘件24可以是诸如塑料、橡胶等绝缘材质。示例性的，绝缘件24周向包覆于电极组件22的外周，可理解的，在电极组件22为多个的情况下，绝缘件24周向包覆于多个电极组件22整体的外周。
泄压装置25是泄放电池单体20内部的压力的部件，在电池单体20内部的压力或温度达到阈值时，通过泄压装置25泄放电池单体20内部的压力。泄压装置25可以是设置于端盖23上的部件，也可以是壳体21作为泄压装置25，也可以是端盖23作为泄压装置25。以下结合附图对泄压装置25的具体结构进行详细阐述。
请参照图4和图5，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的泄压装置25的轴测图，图5为图4所示的泄压部251的截面图，本申请实施例提供一种泄压装置25，泄压装置25包括泄压部251和多级刻痕槽252，泄压部251在其厚度方向Z上具有相对的第一表面2511和第二表面2512；多级刻痕槽252沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次设置于泄压部251，在厚度方向Z上相邻的两级刻痕槽252中，远离第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252的底面。
泄压部251上沿其厚度方向Z依次设置刻痕槽252可以是两级、三级、四级等，在相邻的两级刻痕槽252中，远离第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252设置于靠近于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252的底面。泄压部251上的多级刻痕槽252可以采用多种方式加工成型，比如冲压成型、铣削加工成型等。以采用冲压成型的方式成型多级刻痕槽252为例，可沿着第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向在泄压部251上依次冲压成型出多级刻痕槽252。刻痕槽252的形状可以是多种，比如，直线形、圆弧形、U形、H形、环形、矩形、圆形等。在沿泄压部251的厚度方向Z依次设置的多级刻痕槽252中，各级刻痕槽252的形状可以相同，也可以不同。示例性的，在图4和图5中，泄压部251上设置两级刻痕槽252，两级刻痕槽252均为直线形。
泄压部251的第一表面2511和第二表面2512为泄压部251在其厚度方向Z上相对的两个表面，第一表面2511与第二表面2512之间的距离即为泄压部251的厚度。
泄压部251可以是安装于端盖23上的部件，比如，泄压部251为安装于端盖23上的防爆片；泄压部251也可以整体作为端盖23；泄压部251可以是壳体21的一部分，比如，泄压部251可以是壳体21的一个壁部或是一个壁部的一部分。
在泄压装置25中，泄压部251上设置有多级刻痕槽252，多级刻痕槽252沿泄压部251的第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次布置于泄压部251，远离第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252的底面，这种结构的泄压装置25采用多级刻痕槽252结构，可以降低每级刻痕槽252的成型深度，从而降低在成型每级刻痕槽252时泄压部251所受到的成型力，降低泄压部251产生裂纹的风险，泄压装置25不易因泄压部251在设置刻痕槽252的位置产生裂纹而失效，提高泄压装置25的长期可靠性。
在泄压部251上成型多级刻痕槽252时，可从第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向在泄压部251上逐级成型刻痕槽252，每级刻痕槽252的成型深度相对较浅，使得泄压部251受到的成型力较小，既可降低泄压部251产生裂纹的风险，又可以提高第一表面2511的平面度。在沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向逐级加工多级刻痕槽252的过程中，每加工一级刻痕槽252，泄压部251设置刻痕槽252的位置的硬度就随之增加，提高泄压部251设置多级刻痕槽252后残留部分的硬度，使得长期可靠性更好，具有更好的抗冲击能力，受到外力冲击破损的概率减低。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为本申请又一些实施例提供的泄压装置25的轴测图；图7为图6所示的泄压装置25的A处的局部放大图；图8为图7所示的泄压部251的局部视图；图9为图8所示的泄压部251的B-B剖视图。多级刻痕槽252包括至少一级第一级刻痕槽252a，第一级刻痕槽252a包括第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523，第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522相对设置，第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522均与第三槽段2523相交。泄压部251包括开启区2513，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523沿着开启区2513的边缘设置，开启区2513被配置为能够以第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523为边界打开。
泄压部251上的多级刻痕槽252中，可以是一级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以是多级相邻的刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a，也就是说，泄压部251上可以设置一级第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a。若泄压部251上设置一级第一级刻痕槽252a，可理解的，多级刻痕槽252中有一级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a；若泄压部251上设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a，可理解的，多级刻痕槽252中有多级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a，比如，泄压部251上设置三级刻痕槽252，可以是两级或三级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a。第一级刻痕槽252a包括多个槽段，其中，一个槽段为第一槽段2521，又一个槽段为第二槽段2522，再一个槽段为第三槽段2523。
第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523均可以是直线形槽，第一槽段2521可以与第二槽段2522平行，第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522可以与第三槽段2523垂直。第一槽段2521与第三槽段2523相交的位置可以位于第三槽段2523的一端，也可以位于偏离第三槽段2523的一端的位置，使得第三槽段2523的一端沿第三槽段2523的延伸方向超出第一槽段2521。第二槽段2522与第三槽段2523相交的位置可以位于第三槽段2523的另一端，也可以位于偏离第三槽段2523的另一端的位置，使得第三槽段2523的另一端沿第三槽段2523的延伸方 向超出第二槽段2522。第三槽段2523可以位于第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522的端部，比如，第一槽段2521、第三槽段2523和第二槽段2522依次连接形成U形。第三槽段2523也可以位于第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522的中间位置，比如，如图8所示，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523形成H形。
沿泄压部251的厚度方向Z，若泄压部251上设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a，在相邻的两级第一级刻痕槽252a中，远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第一槽段2521设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第一槽段2521的底面，且相邻的两级第一槽段2521延伸方向相同；远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第二槽段2522设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第二槽段2522的底面，且相邻的两级第二槽段2522延伸方向相同；远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第三槽段2523设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第三槽段2523的底面，且相邻的两级第三槽段2523延伸方向相同。
在本实施例中，开启区2513能够以第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523为边界打开，增大了泄压部251的泄压面积，提高了泄压部251的泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，第一级刻痕槽252a还包括第四槽段2524，第四槽段2524位于第一槽段2521与第二槽段2522之间，第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交。
第一级刻痕槽252a还包括第四槽段2524，可理解的，第一级刻痕槽252a中还有一个槽段为第四槽段2524。可以是第一级刻痕槽252a中只包括第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522、第三槽段2523和第四槽段2524，也可以是除了第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522、第三槽段2523和第四槽段2524四者以外，还包括其他槽段。
第四槽段2524可以是直线形槽，第四槽段2524可以平行于第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522，且垂直于第三槽段2523。第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交于第四槽段2524的中点位置以及第三槽段2523的中点位置。第四槽段2524的长度小于第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522的长度。
沿泄压部251的厚度方向Z，若泄压部251上设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a，在相邻的两级第一级刻痕槽252a中，远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第四槽段2524设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a中的第四槽段2524的底面，且相邻的两级第四槽段2524延伸方向相同。
在本实施例中，位于第一槽段2521与第二槽段2522之间的第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交，泄压部251在第三槽段2523与第四槽段2524相交位置应力更为集中，更容易破裂，使得泄压部251在泄压过程中从第三槽段2523与第四槽段2524相交的位置沿着第三槽段2523破裂，并在第三槽段2523破裂后沿着第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522破裂，以实现快速泄压。
在一些实施例中，在第三槽段2523的延伸方向上，第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第一槽段2521的距离等于第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第二槽段2522的距离。
在第三槽段2523的延伸方向上，第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第一槽段2521的距离，即为第三槽段2523在第四槽段2524与第一槽段2521之间的部分的长度。在第三槽段2523的延伸方向上，第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第二槽段2522的距离，即为第三槽段2523在第四槽段2524与第二槽段2522之间的部分的长度。可以将第四槽段2524设置于第三槽段2523的中点位置，以实现第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第一槽段2521的距离等于第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第二槽段2522的距离。
在本实施例中，由于第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第一槽段2521的距离等于第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交位置到第二槽段2522的距离，使得泄压部251能够在第四槽段2524与第三槽段2523相交的位置沿着第三槽段2523破裂后，沿着第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522同步破裂，使得开启区2513能够更为快速地打开。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523界定出至少一个开启区2513。
开启区2513由第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523共同界定出，第一级刻痕槽252a并不是封闭结构。第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523界定出的开启区2513可以是一个，也可以是两个。比如，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523形成近似U形结构，开启区2513则为一个；再如，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523形成近似H形结构，开启区2513则为两个。
在本实施例中，开启区2513由第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523共同界定，开启区2513能够以翻转的方式打开，开启区2513打开后始终与泄压部251的其他区域相连，不易脱落，降低开启区2513打开后发生飞溅的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523界定出两个开启区2513，两个开启区2513分别位于第三槽段2523的两侧。
第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523共同界定出两个开启区2513，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523可以构成近似H形结构。第三槽段2523与第一槽段2521可以相交于第一槽段2521的中 点位置，第三槽段2523与第二槽段2522可以相交于第二槽段2522的中点位置。
两个开启区2513分别位于第三槽段2523的两侧，使得两个开启区2513以第三槽段2523分界，泄压部251在第三槽段2523的位置破裂后，两个开启区2513将沿着第一槽段2521和第二槽段2522以对开的形式打开，以实现泄压，增大了泄压面积，可有效提高泄压部251的泄压速率。
需要说明的是，无论第一级刻痕槽252a中是否包括第四槽段2524，第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523均可以界定出两个开启区2513。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图8和图9，第二表面2512上设有位于开启区2513的缺口槽253，在第一槽段2521的延伸方向上，缺口槽253与第三槽段2523存在距离。
第二表面2512上设有位于开启区2513的缺口槽253，可理解的，缺口槽253从第二表面2512沿面向第一表面2511的方向凹陷。当然，可以是缺口槽253完全位于开启区2513内，也可以是缺口槽253部分位于开启区2513内。缺口槽253可以沿着第三槽段2523的延伸方向延伸，使得缺口槽253平行于第三槽段2523。
在第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523共同界定出一个开启区2513的实施例中，第一表面2511可以对应设置一个缺口槽253。如图8和图9所示，在第一槽段2521、第二槽段2522和第三槽段2523共同界定出两个开启区2513的实施例中，第一表面2511可以对应设置两个缺口槽253，一个开启区2513对应设置一个缺口槽253。
在本实施例中，缺口槽253在第一槽段2521的延伸方向上与第三槽段2523存在距离，且缺口槽253的位于开启区2513内，使得泄压部251在泄压过程中，泄压部251位于开启区2513的一部分能够以泄压部251位于缺口槽253的位置为轴翻转，更加容易打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，多级刻痕槽252包括一级第一级刻痕槽252a。
可理解的，在多级刻痕槽252中，仅有一级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a。比如，在泄压部251上设置两级刻痕槽252，其中，一级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a。
在本实施例中，多级刻痕槽252中仅有一级第一级刻痕槽252a，成型简单，提高了生产效率，有利于降低生产成本。
在一些实施例中，请参照图10-图12，图10为本申请再一些实施例提供的泄压装置25的轴侧图，图11为图10所示的泄压装置25的C处的局部放大图；图12为图11所示的泄压部251的D-D剖视图。多级刻痕槽252包括多级第一级刻痕槽252a，多级第一级刻痕槽252a沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次设置。
在相邻的两级第一级刻痕槽252a中，远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的底面。
泄压部251上可以设置两级、三级、四级或五级第一级刻痕槽252a。泄压部251上的多级刻痕槽252可以全部是第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以是一部分为第一级刻痕槽252a。以泄压部251上设置三级刻痕槽252为例，可以是其中两级刻痕槽252均为第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以是三级刻痕槽252均为第一级刻痕槽252a。
在本实施例中，多级第一级刻痕槽252a沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次设置，可以降低每级第一级刻痕槽252a的成型深度，从而降低在成型每级第一级刻痕槽252a时泄压部251所受到的成型力，降低了泄压部251产生裂纹的风险。在沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向逐级加工第一级刻痕槽252a的过程中，每加工一级第一级刻痕槽252a，泄压部251设置第一级刻痕槽252a的位置的残留部分的硬度就随之增加，提高泄压部251设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a后残留部分的硬度，使得长期可靠性更好，具有更好的抗冲击能力，受到外力冲击破损的概率降低。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图12，最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于第一表面2511。
最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽252a从第一表面2511沿面向第二表面2512的方向凹陷。如图12所示，以泄压部251设置两级第一级刻痕槽252a为例，最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于第一表面2511，另一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的底面。
在本实施例中，最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于第一表面2511，可以直接在第一表面2511成型最外侧的一级第一级刻痕槽252a，简化了泄压装置25的结构，降低了生产成本。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽252包括两级第一级刻痕槽252a。
可理解的，在多级刻痕槽252中，仅有两级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a。若泄压部251上的刻痕槽252的级数大于两级，则多级刻痕槽252中只有一部分刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a。如图12所示，若泄压部251上仅设置有两级刻痕槽252，则两级刻痕槽252均为第一级刻痕槽252a。
在一些实施例中，请参照图13-图16，图13为本申请另一些实施例提供的泄压装置25的轴测图；图14为图13所示的泄压装置25的E处的局部放大图；图15为图14所示的泄压部251的局部视图；图16为图15所示 的泄压部251的F-F剖视图。多级刻痕槽252还包括至少一级第二级刻痕槽252b，至少一级第二级刻痕槽252b与至少一级第一级刻痕槽252a沿从第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向上依次布置。其中，开启区2513形成于最远离于第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525。
泄压部251上可以设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b，也可以设置多级第二级刻痕槽252b。若泄压部251上设置多级第二级刻痕槽252b，多级第二级刻痕槽252b沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次设置于泄压部251，各级第二级刻痕槽252b的底面的轮廓逐级减小。当然，泄压部251上可以设置一级第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a。
至少一级第二级刻痕槽252b和至少一级第一级刻痕槽252a沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次设置于泄压部251，在成型时，沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向，可以先在泄压部251上成型所有第二级刻痕槽252b，然后再成型所有刻痕槽252。可理解的，最靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的底面。若泄压部251中仅设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b，该一级第二级刻痕槽252b既是最靠近第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b，又是最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b。同样，若泄压部251中仅设置一级第一级刻痕槽252a，该一级第一级刻痕槽252a既是最靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a，又是最远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a。
最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525即为泄压部251在最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的底面以下的部分，在泄压部251成型最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b以后，泄压部251设置该一级第二级刻痕槽252b的区域的残留部分即为最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525。如图16所示，以泄压部251设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b为例，泄压部251在该第二级刻痕槽252b的底面以下的部分即为最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525。
开启区2513形成于最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525，开启区2513为最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525中，在泄压时能够以最远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a为边界打开的部分。
在成型时，可以先在泄压部251上成型第二级刻痕槽252b，使得泄压部251在设置第二级刻痕槽252b的区域整体减薄，并提高该区域残留部分的硬度；然后，再在泄压部251上成型第一级刻痕槽252a，使得泄压部251在第一级刻痕槽252a位置的残留部分的硬度进一步增大，使得长期可靠性更好，具有更好的抗冲击能力，受到外力冲击破损的概率降低。此外，由于开启区2513形成于最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的槽底壁2525，第二级刻痕槽252b能够为开启区2513打开的过程中提供避让空间，即使第一表面2511被障碍物所遮挡，开启区2513仍然能够打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图16，多级刻痕槽252包括一级第二级刻痕槽252b，第二级刻痕槽252b设置于第一表面2511。
在多级刻痕槽252中，仅有一级刻痕槽252为第二级刻痕槽252b。在泄压部251设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b的情况下，泄压部251可以设置一级第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a。
示例性的，如图16所示，以泄压部251设置三级刻痕槽252为例，最外侧的一级刻痕槽252为第二级刻痕槽252b，另两级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a，一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于第二级刻痕槽252b的底面，另一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于一级第一级刻痕槽252a的底面。
在本实施例中，泄压部251设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b，成型简单，提高了生产效率，降低了生产成本。
在一些实施例中，多级刻痕槽252包括多级第二级刻痕槽252b，多级第二级刻痕槽252b沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次设置，最外侧的一级第二级刻痕槽252b设置于第一表面2511。
在相邻的两个第二级刻痕槽252b中，远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的底面。最靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a设置于最远离第一表面2511的一级第二级刻痕槽252b的底面。在泄压部251设置多级第二级刻痕槽252b的情况下，泄压部251可以设置一级第一级刻痕槽252a，也可以设置多级第一级刻痕槽252a。
在多级刻痕槽252中，可以是两级、三级、四级或五级刻痕槽252为第二级刻痕槽252b。也就是说，泄压部251可以设置两级、三级、四级或五级等第二级刻痕槽252b。最外侧的一级第二级刻痕槽252b从第一表面2511向靠近第二表面2512的方向凹陷。
在本实施例中，泄压部251设置多级第二级刻痕槽252b，能够使得每级第二级刻痕槽252b的成型深度相对较浅，能够降低在成型每级第二级刻痕槽252b时泄压部251所受到的成型力，降低泄压部251产生裂纹的风险。在沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向逐级加工多级第二级刻痕槽252b时，每加工一级第二级刻痕槽252b，泄压部251设置第二级刻痕槽252b区域的残留部分的硬度就随之增加，使得泄压部251在第一级刻痕槽252a区域的残留部分的硬度进一步增大。此外，在多级第二级刻痕槽252b，越外侧的第二级刻痕槽252b的横截面(垂直于泄压部251的厚度方向Z)的轮廓尺寸越大，多级第二级刻痕槽252b能够为开启区2513的打开提供更多 地避让空间。
在一些实施例中，第二级刻痕槽252b为圆形槽或矩形槽。
若沉槽为矩形槽，沉槽的槽侧面的横截面为矩形。若沉槽为圆形槽，沉槽的槽侧面的横截面为圆形。其中，横截面垂直于泄压部251的厚度方向Z。
示例性的，在图13-图16中，第二级刻痕槽252b为矩形槽。
在本实施例中，第二级刻痕槽252b为圆形槽或矩形槽，第二级刻痕槽252b结构简单，易于成型，能够为开启区2513的打开提供更多避让空间。
在一些实施例中，每级刻痕槽252包括至少一个槽段，在厚度方向Z上相邻的两个槽段中，远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的最大宽度小于靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的最小宽度。
可理解的，在厚度方向Z上相邻的两个槽段中，远离第一表面2511的一个槽段设置于靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的底面。
刻痕槽252中的槽段可以是一个或多个，若刻痕槽252中的槽段为一个，槽段即为刻痕槽252。比如，刻痕槽252为直线形槽、矩形槽或圆形槽，刻痕槽252中的槽段为一个；再如，刻痕槽252为H形，刻痕槽252中的槽段为多个。对于第二级刻痕槽252b而言，第二级刻痕槽252b中的槽段为一个；对于第一级刻痕槽252a而言，第一级刻痕槽252a中的槽段为多个。对于相邻的两级刻痕槽252而言，若两级刻痕槽252中的槽段均为多个，一级刻痕槽252的槽段可以与另一级刻痕槽252的槽段一一对应；若靠近第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252中的槽段为一个，远离第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252中的槽段为多个，可以是远离第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252中的多个槽段设置于靠近第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252中的一个槽段的底面。
在泄压部251的厚度方向Z上相邻的两个槽段中，远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的最大宽度小于靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的最小宽度，也就是说，多级刻痕槽252的槽段宽度沿着第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向逐级减小。远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的最大宽度并不限制相邻的两个槽段中远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的宽度是渐变的，在远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的宽度未沿着泄压部251的厚度方向Z变化的情况下，远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的宽度也可称之为最大宽度。靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的最小宽度并不限制相邻的两个槽段中靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的宽度是渐变的，在靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的宽度未沿着泄压部251的厚度方向Z变化的情况下，靠近第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252槽段的宽度也可以称之为最小宽度。
远离第一表面2511的一个槽段的最大宽度以及靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段的最小宽度是沿厚度方向Z上相邻的两个槽段在同一方向上的尺寸。
以相邻的两级刻痕槽252为第一级刻痕槽252a为例，可理解的，远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的第一槽段2521(远离第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最大宽度小于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的第一槽段2521(靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最小宽度；远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的第二槽段2522(远离第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最大宽度小于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的第二槽段2522(靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最小宽度；远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的第三槽段2523(远离第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最大宽度小于靠近第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a的第三槽段2523(靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最小宽度。
以相邻的两级刻痕槽252分别为第二级刻痕槽252b和第一级刻痕槽252a为例，可理解的，第一级刻痕槽252a设置于第二级刻痕槽252b的底面，第一级刻痕槽252a的第一槽段2521(远离第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最大宽度小于第二级刻痕槽252b(靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最小宽度；第一级刻痕槽252a的第二槽段2522(远离第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最大宽度小于第二级刻痕槽252b(靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最小宽度；第一级刻痕槽252a的第三槽段2523(远离第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最大宽度小于第二级刻痕槽252b(靠近第一表面2511的一个槽段)的最小宽度。
在本实施例中，各级刻痕槽252的槽段的宽度沿着第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向逐级减小，在成型时，可以沿第一表面2511到第二表面2512的方向依次成型各级刻痕槽252的槽段，便于各级刻痕槽252的槽段成型。
在一些实施例中，请参照图17，图17为图16所示的泄压部251的G处的局部放大图。第一表面2511与第二表面2512的距离为H0，最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面到第二表面2512的距离为H1，满足：H1/H0<0.2。
H1/H0可以是小于0.2的任意值，比如，0.05、0.08、0.1、0.13、0.15、0.18等。
第一表面2511与第二表面2512的距离即为泄压部251的厚度。最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面到第二表面2512的距离即为最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面与第二表面2512之间的部分的厚度，该厚度也为泄压部251在设置最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252区域的残留厚度。最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252也是最远离第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252。在泄压部251设置仅设置两级第一级刻痕槽 252a的实施例中，远离第一表面2511的一级第一级刻痕槽252a即为最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252。在泄压部251仅设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b和一级第一级刻痕槽252a的实施例中，第一级刻痕槽252a即为最靠近第二表面2512的刻痕槽252。如图17所示，在泄压部251仅设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b和两级第一级刻痕槽252a的实施例中，远离第二级刻痕槽252b的一级第一级刻痕槽252a即为最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252。
最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面到第二表面2512的距离与第一表面2511到第二表面2512的距离的比值小于0.2，使得泄压部251在设置最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的区域的残留厚度在泄压部251的总厚度中的占比较小，使得最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面与第二表面2512之间的部分能够正常破裂，以实现泄压。
在一些实施例中，最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面到第二表面2512的距离为H1，满足：H1<0.5mm。
H1可以是小于0.5mm的任意值，比如，0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm等。
在本实施例中，最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的底面到第二表面2512的距离小于0.5mm，使得泄压部251在设置最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252的区域的残留厚度较小，易于破裂泄压。
在一些实施例中，设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252的深度为H2，满足：H2<1mm。
H2可以是小于1mm的任意值，比如，0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm等。
设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252的深度即为设置于第一表面2511的刻痕槽252的底面与第一表面2511之间的距离。如图17所示，以泄压部251仅设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b和两级第一级刻痕槽252a为例，第二级刻痕槽252b即为设置于第一表面2511的刻痕槽252。
在本实施例中，设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252的深度小于1mm，使得泄压部251最外侧的一级刻痕槽252的深度较小，降低了泄压部251在该级刻痕槽252在成型过程所受到的成型力，降低泄压部251产生裂纹的风险。
在一些实施例中，最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252与设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252之间的每级刻痕槽252的深度为H3，满足：H3<1.5mm。
H3可以是小于1.5mm的任意值，比如，0.2mm、0.5mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.4mm等。
可理解的，泄压部251设置有至少三级刻痕槽252。
在本实施例中，最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252与设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252之间的每级刻痕槽252的深度小于1.5mm，使得泄压部251上除了最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252和设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252以外的每级刻痕槽252的深度较小，降低成型过程泄压部251所受到的成型力，降低泄压部251产生裂纹的风险。
在一些实施例中，最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252与设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252之间仅设置一级刻痕槽252。
示例性的，如图17所示，以泄压部251仅设置一级第二级刻痕槽252b和两级第一级刻痕槽252a为例，远离第二级刻痕槽252b的一级第一级刻痕槽252a即为最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252，第二级刻痕槽252b即为设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252，另一级第一级刻痕槽252a即为最靠近第二表面2512的一级刻痕槽252与设置于第一表面2511的一级刻痕槽252之间的一级刻痕槽252。
在本实施例中，泄压部251上设置三级刻痕槽252，结构简单，可以降低每级刻痕槽252的成型深度，降低泄压部251产生裂纹的风险。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图4、图6、图10和图13，泄压装置25内部形成有容纳空间，泄压装置25具有界定出容纳空间的多个壁部，容纳空间用于收容电极组件22，多个壁部中的至少一个壁部形成有泄压部251。
在泄压装置25的多个壁部中，可以是一个壁部为泄压部251，也可以是多个壁部为泄压部251。若多个壁部为泄压部251，泄压装置25则对应具有多个泄压部251。泄压部251的第一表面2511可以是壁部的外表面，也可以是壁部的内表面。壁部的外表面即为壁部背离电极组件22的表面，壁部的内表面即为壁部面向电极组件22的表面。在本实施例中，泄压装置25作为电池单体20的壳体21。
在本实施例中，泄压装置25既具有容纳电极组件22的容纳功能，又具有泄压功能。
在一些实施例中，多个壁部包括周壁254和底壁255，周壁254围设于底壁255的边缘，周壁254与底壁255共同限定出容纳空间，周壁254与底壁255相对的一端形成开口，底壁255形成有泄压部251。
周壁254围设于底壁255的边缘，可以使得泄压装置25在底壁255相对的一端形成开口，端盖23用于盖合于开口。
在泄压装置25为圆柱体的实施例中，泄压装置25可以有两个壁部，一个壁部为底壁255另一个壁部为圆柱形周壁254。如图4、图6、图10和图13所示，在泄压装置25为长方体的实施例中，泄压装置25可以有五个壁部，分别为一个底壁255和四个侧壁，四个侧壁首尾依次连接形成周壁254。
在本实施例中，泄压装置25的底壁255具有泄压功能，便于泄放容纳空间内部的压力。
在一些实施例中，周壁254与底壁255为一体成型结构。
周壁254与底壁255可以采用一体成型的方式成型在一起，比如，冲压、浇铸成型等。
在本实施例中，由于底壁255形成有泄压部251，周壁254与底壁255为一体成型结构，使得周壁254与具有泄压功能的底壁255具有很好的牢固性，这种一体式设计能够简化成型工艺，降低生产成本。
在一些实施例中，第一表面2511为底壁255的外表面。多级刻痕槽252从底壁255的外表面向底壁255的内表面依次布置，可以在底壁255的外侧加工成型刻痕槽252，便于在底壁255上加工刻痕槽252。
在一些实施例中，请参照图18和图19，图18为本申请其他实施例提供的泄压装置25的轴测图，图19为图18所示的泄压装置25的H处的局部放大图。泄压部251为端盖23，端盖23用于盖合壳体21的开口。
可以是第一表面2511为端盖23的外表面，第二表面2512为端盖23的内表面；也可以是第一表面2511为端盖23的内表面，第二表面2512为端盖23的外表面。端盖23的外表面即为端盖23背离壳体21的表面，端盖23的内表面即为端盖23面向壳体21的表面。
示例性的，在图18中，端盖23上设置三级刻痕槽252，分别为一级第二级刻痕槽252b和两级第一级刻痕槽252a。
在本实施例中，端盖23具有泄压功能，通过在端盖23上设置刻痕槽252的方式来形成泄压结构，泄压结构具有更好的稳定性，具有良好的长期可靠性。
在一些实施例中，如图18所示，第一表面2511为端盖23背离壳体21的表面。可理解的，第一表面2511为端盖23的外表面，位于最外侧的一级刻痕槽252设置于端盖23的外表面。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的泄压装置25。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池100，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池单体20。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意一个实施例提供的电池100。
用电设备可以是上述任一应用电池100的设备。
请参照图13-图16，本申请实施例还提供一种壳体21，壳体21为长方体结构，壳体21包括多个壁部，多个壁部共同限定出用于容纳电极组件22的容纳空间，壳体21具有开口，壳体21与开口相对的壁部上设有三级刻痕槽252，三级刻痕槽252分别为一级第二级刻痕槽252b和两级第一级刻痕槽252a，第二级刻痕槽252b设置于壁部的外表面。这种结构的壳体21集泄压功能和容纳功能为一体，采用三级刻痕槽252结构，可以降低在成型每级刻痕槽252时壳体21所受到的成型力，降低壳体21产生裂纹的风险，提高壳体21的长期可靠性。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种泄压装置，包括：
    泄压部，在其厚度方向上具有相对的第一表面和第二表面；
    多级刻痕槽，沿所述第一表面到所述第二表面的方向依次设置于所述泄压部，在所述厚度方向上相邻的两级所述刻痕槽中，远离所述第一表面的一级所述刻痕槽设置于靠近所述第一表面的一级所述刻痕槽的底面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽包括至少一级第一级刻痕槽，所述第一级刻痕槽包括第一槽段、第二槽段和第三槽段，所述第一槽段和所述第二槽段相对设置，所述第一槽段和所述第二槽段均与所述第三槽段相交；
    所述泄压部包括开启区，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段和所述第三槽段沿着开启区的边缘设置，所述开启区被配置为能够以所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段和所述第三槽段为边界打开。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第一级刻痕槽还包括第四槽段，所述第四槽段位于所述第一槽段与所述第二槽段之间，所述第四槽段与所述第三槽段相交。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的泄压装置，其中，在所述第三槽段的延伸方向上，所述第四槽段与所述第三槽段相交位置到所述第一槽段的距离等于所述第四槽段与所述第三槽段相交位置到所述第二槽段的距离。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段和所述第三槽段界定出至少一个所述开启区。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第一槽段、所述第二槽段和所述第三槽段界定出两个所述开启区，两个所述开启区分别位于所述第三槽段的两侧。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第二表面上设有位于所述开启区的缺口槽，在所述第一槽段的延伸方向上，所述缺口槽与所述第三槽段存在距离。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽包括一级所述第一级刻痕槽。
  9. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽包括多级所述第一级刻痕槽，多级所述第一级刻痕槽沿所述第一表面到所述第二表面的方向依次设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的泄压装置，其中，最外侧的一级所述第一级刻痕槽设置于所述第一表面。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽包括两级所述第一级刻痕槽。
  12. 根据权利要求2-10任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽还包括至少一级第二级刻痕槽，所述至少一级第二级刻痕槽与所述至少一级第一级刻痕槽沿从所述第一表面到所述第二表面的方向上依次布置；
    其中，所述开启区形成于最远离于所述第一表面的一级所述第二级刻痕槽的槽底壁。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽包括一级所述第二级刻痕槽，所述第二级刻痕槽设置于所述第一表面。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多级刻痕槽包括多级所述第二级刻痕槽，多级所述第二级刻痕槽沿所述第一表面到所述第二表面的方向依次设置，最外侧的一级所述第二级刻痕槽设置于所述第一表面。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第二级刻痕槽为圆形槽或矩形槽。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，每级所述刻痕槽包括至少一个槽段，在所述厚度方向上相邻的两个所述槽段中，远离所述第一表面的一个所述槽段的最大宽度小于靠近所述第一表面的一个所述槽段的最小宽度。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第一表面与所述第二表面的距离为H 0，最靠近所述第二表面的一级所述刻痕槽的底面到所述第二表面的距离为H 1，满足：H 1/H 0<0.2。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，最靠近所述第二表面的一级所述刻痕槽的底面到所述第二表面的距离为H 1，满足：H 1<0.5mm。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，设置于所述第一表面的一级所述刻痕槽的深度为H 2，满足：H 2<1mm。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，最靠近所述第二表面的一级所述刻痕槽与设置于所述第一表面的一级所述刻痕槽之间的每级所述刻痕槽的深度为H 3，满足：H 3<1.5mm。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的泄压装置，其中，最靠近所述第二表面的一级所述刻痕槽与设置于所述第一表面的一级所述刻痕槽之间仅设置一级所述刻痕槽。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述泄压装置内部形成有容纳空间，所述泄压装置具有界定出所述容纳空间的多个壁部，所述容纳空间用于收容电极组件，多个所述壁部中的至少一个所述壁部形成有所述泄压部。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的泄压装置，其中，所述多个壁部包括周壁和底壁，所述周壁围设于所述底壁的边缘，所述周壁与所述底壁共同限定出所述容纳空间，所述周壁与所述底壁相对的一端形成开口，所述底壁形成有所述泄压部。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的泄压装置，其中，所述周壁与所述底壁为一体成型结构。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第一表面为所述底壁的外表面。
  26. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的泄压装置，其中，所述泄压部为端盖，所述端盖用于盖合壳体的开口。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的泄压装置，其中，所述第一表面为所述端盖背离所述壳体的表面。
  28. 一种电池单体，包括如权利要求1-27任一项所述的泄压装置。
  29. 一种电池，包括如权利要求28所述的电池单体。
  30. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求29所述的电池。
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