WO2023020088A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023020088A1
WO2023020088A1 PCT/CN2022/098985 CN2022098985W WO2023020088A1 WO 2023020088 A1 WO2023020088 A1 WO 2023020088A1 CN 2022098985 W CN2022098985 W CN 2022098985W WO 2023020088 A1 WO2023020088 A1 WO 2023020088A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nail
hole
battery
battery cell
cap
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098985
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张彦超
潘峰
温裕乾
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22857401.8A priority Critical patent/EP4254620A1/en
Publication of WO2023020088A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023020088A1/zh
Priority to US18/202,308 priority patent/US20230327306A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, in particular to a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Energy saving and emission reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
  • electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to its development.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can enhance the safety of the battery.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including:
  • a housing having an opening
  • An end cap assembly used to close the opening, the end cap assembly is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole includes a first hole segment;
  • the rivet includes a nail cap and a nail body, the nail body passes through the first hole segment, and the nail cap is located on a side of the first hole segment away from the interior of the housing;
  • a sealing element arranged between the nail cap and the end cap assembly, for sealing the first hole segment
  • a limiting boss is formed on a side of the nail cap close to the first hole section, and the limiting boss is used to abut against the end cap assembly to limit the compression amount of the sealing member; or , the end cover assembly forms a limiting boss, and the limiting boss abuts against a side of the nail cap close to the first hole section, so as to limit the compression amount of the sealing member.
  • the battery cell of the embodiment of the present application by forming a limiting boss on the side of the nail cap close to the first hole section, the limiting boss abuts against the end cap assembly, or by forming a limiting boss on the end cap assembly.
  • the limit boss abuts against the side of the nail cap close to the first hole section; during riveting, the limit boss can play a role in limiting the compression of the seal, and adjust the installation caused by the inclination of the nail body. Error, to ensure the sealing fit between the nail cap and the end cover assembly; when the nail body is not tilted, the compression amount at different positions of the seal is guaranteed to be consistent, which improves the long-term sealing performance.
  • the battery cell Based on the sealing fit of the nail cap and the end cap assembly, the battery cell can reduce the risk of the electrolyte inside the casing leaking from the liquid injection hole, so as to avoid potential safety hazards and improve safety.
  • the height of the limiting boss is smaller than the original thickness of the sealing member.
  • the height of the limiting boss is smaller than the original thickness of the seal, so that the nail cap and the end cap assembly can cooperate to compress the seal, deform the seal and further fill the gap between the nail cap and the end cap assembly , so as to block the gap between the nail body and the first hole segment, and ensure the sealing effect of the battery cell.
  • the limiting boss is arranged around the sealing member.
  • the limiting boss is arranged around the sealing member, so that the limiting boss can provide support for the nail cap at different positions in the circumferential direction of the sealing member, prevent the nail cap from tilting, so as to control the compression amount of the sealing member and ensure the sealing
  • the amount of compression at different positions of the parts is consistent, ensuring the sealing effect between the nail cap and the end cap assembly.
  • the limiting boss is an annular boss arranged around the central axis of the rivet; or, the limiting boss includes a plurality of sub-protrusions distributed at intervals around the central axis of the rivet tower.
  • the limiting boss in the embodiment where the limiting boss is an annular boss arranged around the central axis of the rivet, the limiting boss can play a supporting role at any position in the circumferential direction of the rivet, preventing the nut from tilting, Control the amount of compression of the seal to ensure that the amount of compression in different positions of the seal is consistent.
  • the limiting boss includes a plurality of sub-bosses distributed at intervals around the central axis of the rivet
  • the plurality of sub-bosses can have multiple support positions in the circumferential direction of the rivet to prevent the cap from tilting, so as to facilitate the control of the seal.
  • the amount of compression ensures that the amount of compression at different positions of the seal is consistent.
  • the limiting boss is formed on the edge of the nail cap.
  • the limiting boss is located on the edge of the nail cap, which can make the nail cap and the sealing member have a larger contact area, which is convenient Control the compression amount of the seal to ensure the sealing effect between the nail cap and the end cover assembly.
  • the end cover assembly includes an end cover and an electrode terminal, the end cover covers the opening, the electrode terminal is provided on the end cover, and the liquid injection hole is provided on the end cover. cover or the electrode terminal.
  • the liquid injection hole can be arranged on the end cover, and can also be arranged on the electrode terminal; It is only necessary to ensure that the liquid injection hole does not interfere with other components; in the embodiment where the liquid injection hole is set on the electrode terminal, the thickness of the electrode terminal is larger than that of the end cover, which can provide better rivet riveting.
  • the support is convenient for riveting work.
  • the liquid injection hole further includes a second hole section communicating with the first hole section, and the second hole section is located on a side of the first hole section away from the interior of the housing.
  • the battery cell On the side, the battery cell further includes a sealing nail, and the sealing nail is sealingly engaged with the second hole segment.
  • the second hole section is located on the side of the first hole section far away from the inside of the housing to avoid occupying the inner space of the housing; the sealing effect is further improved by sealing the nail with the second hole section.
  • the liquid injection hole is arranged on the end cover, and the side of the sealing nail away from the inside of the housing does not exceed the side of the end cover away from the inside of the housing;
  • the liquid injection hole is arranged on the electrode terminal, and the side of the sealing nail away from the inside of the casing does not exceed the side of the electrode terminal away from the inside of the casing.
  • the surface of the sealing nail is flush with the surface of the end cover, so that the appearance of the battery cell is beautiful, and it is avoided that the sealing nail protrudes from the surface of the end cover to be in contact with the surface of the end cover.
  • Other components interfere.
  • the surface of the sealing nail is flush with the surface of the electrode terminal, so that the appearance of the battery cell is beautiful, and the sealing nail protrudes from the surface of the end cap to prevent interference with other components.
  • the liquid injection hole further includes a third hole section communicating with the first hole section, and the third hole section is located near the interior of the housing of the first hole section.
  • the end of the nail body away from the nail cap is located in the third hole segment and does not exceed the third hole segment.
  • the third hole section is located on the side of the first hole section close to the inside of the casing, that is, the third hole section is closer to the electrode assembly relative to the first hole section, and the end of the nail body away from the nail cap is located on the third hole section.
  • the hole section does not exceed the third hole section, avoiding occupying the inner space of the casing, and improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including the above-mentioned battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, including the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the end cap assembly of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the rivet and the end cover assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application before riveting;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rivet provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rivet provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the end cap assembly of Fig. 8.
  • Marking instructions 100-battery; 101-box; 1011-first part; 1012-second part; 10-battery unit; 11-housing; 111-opening; 12-end cover assembly; 1201-first hole section; 1202-second hole section; 1203-third hole section; 1204-first step surface; 1205-step; 121-end cover; 122-electrode terminal; 13-rivet; 131-nail cap ;132-nail body; 1321-limiting structure; 133-pull rod; 14-seal; 15-limiting boss; 151-sub-boss; 152-notch; motor; 300-controller; 1000-vehicle.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • a battery refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, The current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, The current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell also includes a casing and an end cap assembly, the casing has an opening for the electrode assembly to be placed inside the casing, and the end cap assembly is used to close the opening to be connected with the casing to form a cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the inside of the casing needs to be filled with electrolyte, and the end cover assembly is provided with a liquid injection hole for allowing the electrolyte to enter the inside of the casing.
  • the sealing effect of the liquid injection hole will affect whether the electrolyte leaks. If the sealing effect of the liquid injection hole is poor, it will easily cause electrolyte leakage, which will cause safety hazards and affect the safety of the battery. .
  • the liquid injection hole is usually sealed by the cooperation of a rivet and a sealing member.
  • the inventor found that during the riveting process, the installation accuracy of the rivet will affect the sealing effect of the liquid injection hole. If the nail body is inclined, the extrusion force applied by the nail cap to the seal will be unbalanced, which will lead to different positions of the seal. If the amount of compression is inconsistent, the seal cannot completely close the gap between the liquid injection hole and the nail body, which will cause the seal to fail, and the electrolyte will easily leak, affecting the safety of the battery.
  • the battery cell includes a shell, an end cover assembly, a rivet and a seal; the shell has Opening, the end cover assembly is used to close the opening, the end cover assembly is provided with a liquid injection hole, the liquid injection hole includes a first hole section; the rivet includes a nail cap and a nail body, the nail body passes through the first hole section, and the nail cap is located in the first hole section.
  • the side of the hole section away from the inside of the housing; the seal is arranged between the nail cap and the end cap assembly, and is used to seal the first hole section.
  • the side of the nail cap close to the first hole section forms a limiting boss, which is used to abut against the end cap assembly to limit the compression of the seal; or, the end cap assembly forms a limiting boss, The limiting boss abuts against the side of the nail cap close to the first hole section to limit the compression amount of the sealing member.
  • a limiting boss in an embodiment where a limiting boss is formed on the side of the nail cap close to the first hole section, the limiting boss abuts against the end cap assembly, or a limiting boss is formed on the end cap assembly.
  • the limiting boss abuts against the side of the nail cap close to the first hole segment; when the rivet and the end cover assembly are riveted, the limiting boss can play a role in limiting the compression of the seal, Adjust the installation error caused by the inclination of the nail body to ensure the sealing fit between the nail cap and the end cover assembly; when the nail body is not tilted, the force applied by the nail cap to different positions of the seal is balanced to ensure the different positions of the seal Consistent compression for improved long-term sealing performance.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited, in electrical equipment such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system of the electrical equipment can be composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric car, a ship, Spacecraft and more.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the battery 100 is arranged inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , used for the circuit system of the vehicle 1000 , for example, used for starting, navigating, and operating power requirements of the vehicle 1000 .
  • a motor 200 and a controller 300 may also be provided inside the vehicle 1000 .
  • the controller 300 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 200 , for example, for the starting, navigating and driving of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 101 and a battery cell 10 accommodated in the case 101 .
  • the box body 101 is used to provide an accommodation space for the battery cells 10 , and the box body 101 can adopt various structures.
  • the box body 101 may include a first part 1011 and a second part 1012, the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 cover each other, and the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 1012 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 1011 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 1011 covers the opening side of the second part 1012, so that the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 1011 is covered by the opening side of the second part 1012 .
  • the box body 101 formed by the first part 1011 and the second part 1012 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 10 , and the multiple battery cells 10 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of the plurality of battery cells 10 is housed in the box 101; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 10
  • the battery 100 modules are firstly connected in series, parallel or mixed, and then multiple battery 100 modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 101 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a current flow component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • each battery cell 10 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 10 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes. For ease of description, the following embodiments of the present application take the battery cell 10 as a cylinder as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 10 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap assembly 12 in FIG. 3
  • the battery cell 10 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a casing 11 , an end cap assembly 12 , an electrode assembly 16 and other functional components.
  • the casing 11 has an opening for the electrode assembly 16 to be placed inside the casing 11 .
  • the casing 11 is an assembly for mating with the end cap assembly 12 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 10 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 16 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 11 can be in various shapes and sizes, for example, cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on.
  • the embodiment of the present application is introduced by taking the case 11 as an example of a cylindrical shape.
  • the housing 11 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses aluminum alloy as an example for introduction.
  • the end cover assembly 12 includes an end cover 121 and an electrode terminal 122 , and the electrode terminal 122 is disposed on the end cover 121 .
  • the end cap 121 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery 100 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cover 121 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 11 to match the housing 11 .
  • the end cap 121 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 121 is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 10 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the electrode terminal 122 may be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 16 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 10.
  • the end cover 121 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 10 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cap 121 can also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the end cap 121 is aluminum alloy as an example for introduction.
  • the electrode assembly 16 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 10 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 16 may be contained within the case 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 16 is mainly formed by winding or laminating a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece, and a separator is usually provided between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly 16 , and the parts of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece without the active material respectively form tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 10 , as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the battery cell 10 includes a casing 11 , an end cap assembly 12 , a rivet 13 and a seal 14 .
  • the housing 11 has an opening 111 .
  • the end cap assembly 12 is used to close the opening 111 , and the end cap assembly 12 is provided with a liquid injection hole 120 , and the liquid injection hole 120 includes a first hole section 1201 .
  • the rivet 13 includes a nail cap 131 and a nail body 132 , the nail body 132 passes through the first hole section 1201 , and the nail cap 131 is located on a side of the first hole section 1201 away from the interior of the housing 11 .
  • the sealing element 14 is disposed between the nail cap 131 and the end cover assembly 12 , and the sealing element 14 is used to seal the first hole section 1201 .
  • the side of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole section 1201 forms a limiting boss 15, and the limiting boss 15 is used to abut against the end cap assembly 12 to limit the compression amount of the sealing member 14; or, the end cap assembly 12 forms a limiting boss 15 , and the limiting boss 15 abuts against the side of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole section 1201 to limit the amount of compression of the sealing member 14 .
  • the inside of the housing 11 refers to the area surrounded by the housing 11 and the end cap assembly 12 after the end cap assembly 12 encapsulates the opening 111 of the housing 11 .
  • the end cover assembly 12 is provided with a liquid injection hole 120 , which communicates the interior of the housing 11 with the external space, so that the electrolyte can flow into the interior of the housing 11 through the liquid injection hole 120 .
  • the end cover assembly 12 is formed with a first stepped surface 1204, and the first stepped surface 1204 is located on the side of the first hole section 1201 away from the interior of the housing 11, that is, the first hole section 1201 is opened in the first hole section 1201.
  • a stepped surface 1204 .
  • the seal 14 is disposed on the first stepped surface 1204 , and the seal 14 is clamped by the first stepped surface 1204 and the nail cap 131 .
  • the nail body 132 passing through the first hole section 1201 means that one end of the nail body 132 is connected to the nail cap 131, the nail cap 131 is located on the side of the first hole section 1201 away from the inside of the housing 11, and the other end of the nail body 132 passes through the After passing through the first hole section 1201 , it is located on a side of the first hole section 1201 close to the inside of the housing 11 .
  • the material of the rivet 13 can be aluminum, stainless steel, iron, brass, red copper and the like. Please refer to FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the rivet 13 and the end cover assembly 12 provided by some embodiments of the present application before riveting. As shown in Figure 5, the rivet 13 generally also includes a pull rod 133.
  • riveting operation When riveting, the pull rod 133 of the rivet 13 is clamped by an external part and pulled out from the nail cap 131 and the nail body 132, so that the nail cap 131 and the nail body 132 Fixed to the end cover assembly 12, this kind of riveting operation is called riveting operation.
  • the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is deformed under the action of the pull rod 133 to form a position-limiting structure 1321, and the nail body 132 and the end cover assembly are connected by the nail cap 131 and the position-limiting structure 1321 12 fixed.
  • the nail cap 131 is applied with a force to squeeze the seal 14, so that the seal 14 is compressed and deformed.
  • the seal 14 is nailed 131 is pressed against the end cap assembly 12 to form a seal between the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12 .
  • the limiting boss 15 In the embodiment in which the limiting boss 15 is formed on the side of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole section 1201, as shown in FIG. , or, in the embodiment in which the end cover assembly 12 forms a limiting boss 15, the limiting boss 15 abuts against the side of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole segment 1201; when the rivet 13 and the end cover assembly 12 are riveted , the limit boss 15 can play the role of limiting the compression of the seal 14, adjust the installation error caused by the inclination of the nail body 132, and ensure the sealing fit between the nail cap 131 and the end cover assembly 12; when ensuring that the nail body 132 does not tilt At this time, the force exerted by the nail cap 131 on different positions of the sealing member 14 is balanced, and the compression amount at different positions of the sealing member 14 is guaranteed to be consistent, thereby improving the long-term sealing performance.
  • the height H of the limiting boss 15 is smaller than the original thickness D of the sealing member 14 .
  • the original thickness D of the seal 14 refers to the thickness of the seal 14 before the riveting operation;
  • the height H of the limit boss 15 refers to the dimension of the limit boss 15 in the direction along the central axis of the rivet 13, that is, the limit The size of the boss 15 in the direction along the central axis of the first hole segment 1201 .
  • the height H of the limiting boss 15 is smaller than the original thickness D of the sealing member 14 .
  • the two sides in the thickness direction of the sealing member 14 are connected with the nail cap 131 and the end cover assembly 12 (the first stepped surface 1204) respectively.
  • the nut 131 moves toward the first hole segment 1201, and moves to the position where the nut 131 and the limiting
  • the boss 15 abuts, during the movement of the nail cap 131 , the seal 14 is gradually compressed and deformed, and the final thickness of the seal 14 is reduced to be the same as the height D of the limiting boss 15 .
  • the height H of the limiting boss 15 is smaller than the original thickness D of the seal 14, so that the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12 cooperate to compress the seal 14, so that the seal 14 is deformed and further fills the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12, thereby blocking the gap between the nail body 132 and the first hole segment 1201, ensuring the sealing effect of the battery cell 10.
  • the limiting boss 15 is arranged around the sealing member 14 .
  • the seal 14 is an annular structure, that is, a seal ring, and the seal 14 is sleeved on the outside of the nail body 132. In order to realize the sealing fit between the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12 at any position in the circumferential direction of the nail body 132 , and ensure the sealing effect between the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12 .
  • the limiting boss 15 is arranged around the sealing member 14, which means that along the radial direction of the rivet 13, the sealing member 14 is close to the central axis of the rivet 13 relative to the limiting boss 15, in other words, the sealing member 14 is located on the limiting boss 15 And between the nail body 132.
  • the limiting boss 15 is formed on the side of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole section 1201, as shown in FIG. part 14 on the outside.
  • the limiting boss 15 is arranged around the seal 14, which can be the surface of the limiting boss 15 facing the nail body 132, the first opening of the end cap assembly 12.
  • the surface of the hole section 1201 (the first stepped surface 1204 ), the nail body 132 and the surface of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole section 1201 enclose an area defining the sealing member 14 .
  • the sealing member 14 is made of fluorine rubber, nitrile rubber, EPDM rubber, silica gel, fluorosilicone rubber and the like.
  • the limiting boss 15 is arranged around the sealing member 14, so that the limiting boss 15 can provide support for the nail cap 131 at different positions in the circumferential direction of the sealing member 14, prevent the nail cap 131 from tilting, and control the compression amount of the sealing member 14. It is ensured that the compression amount at different positions of the sealing member 14 is consistent, and the sealing effect between the nail cap 131 and the end cover assembly 12 is ensured.
  • the shape of the limiting boss 15 can be determined according to the contour of the nail cap 131 , so as to constrain the sealing member 14 and ensure the sealing effect between the nail cap 131 and the end cover assembly 12 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rivet 13 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rivet 13 provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • the limiting boss 15 is an annular boss arranged around the central axis of the rivet 13; or, as shown in FIG. 7 , the limiting boss 15 includes A plurality of sub-bosses 151 are distributed at intervals around the central axis of the rivet 13 .
  • the sealing member 14 has a ring structure, and the sealing member 14 is sheathed on the outside of the nail body 132 so as to facilitate the cooperation between the sealing member 14 and the nail body 132 and ensure the sealing effect between the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12 .
  • the contour of the nail cap 131 can be circular, so that the nail cap 131 and the sealing member 14 have a larger contact area. As shown in FIG.
  • the limiting boss 15 includes a plurality of sub-bosses 151 distributed at intervals around the central axis of the rivet 13, which can be based on the ring-shaped boss, and multiple sub-bosses are set on the ring-shaped boss around the central axis of the rivet 13.
  • the gaps 152 distributed at intervals make the annular boss a discontinuous structure, and a sub-boss 151 is formed between two adjacent gaps 152 .
  • the limiting boss 15 is an annular boss arranged around the central axis of the rivet 13, the limiting boss 15 can play a supporting role at any position in the circumferential direction of the rivet 13, preventing the nail cap 131 from tilting,
  • the amount of compression of the sealing member 14 is controlled to ensure that the amount of compression at different positions of the sealing member 14 is consistent.
  • the limiting boss 15 includes a plurality of sub-bosses 151 distributed at intervals around the central axis of the rivet 13
  • the plurality of sub-bosses 151 can have a plurality of supporting positions in the circumferential direction of the rivet 13 to prevent the nail cap 131 from tilting, In order to control the compression amount of the sealing member 14, the compression amount at different positions of the sealing member 14 is guaranteed to be consistent.
  • the limiting boss 15 is formed on the edge of the nail cap 131 .
  • the limiting boss 15 is formed on the side of the nail cap 131 close to the first hole section 1201, and is located on the edge of the nail cap 131, along the radial direction of the rivet 13, the seal 14 is located between the limiting boss 15 and the nail body 132 between.
  • the limiting boss 15 is not arranged on the edge of the nail cap 131, for example, the limiting boss 15 is arranged on the nail cap 131 near the central axis of the rivet 13, the limiting boss 15 is formed on the nail
  • the edge of the cap 131 can make the nail cap 131 and the sealing member 14 have a larger contact area, which is convenient to control the compression amount of the sealing member 14 and ensure the sealing effect between the nail cap 131 and the end cover assembly 12 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 10 provided by another embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap assembly 12 in FIG. 8
  • the end cover assembly 12 includes an end cover 121 and an electrode terminal 122, the end cover 121 covers the opening 111, and the electrode terminal 122 is disposed on the end cover 121,
  • the liquid injection hole 120 is disposed on the end cover 121 or the electrode terminal 122 .
  • the end cap 121 covers the opening 111 and is sealingly connected with the housing 11 to close the opening 111 and form a chamber for accommodating the electrode assembly 16 .
  • the electrode terminal 122 is disposed on the end cap 121 , and the electrode terminal 122 is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly 16 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 10 .
  • the liquid injection hole 120 can be provided on the end cap 121 , and can also be provided on the electrode terminal 122 .
  • the liquid injection hole 120 can be arranged at any suitable position of the end cover 121, and there are many optional positions. It is only necessary to ensure that the liquid injection hole 120 does not interfere with other components. Yes; in the embodiment where the liquid injection hole 120 is arranged on the electrode terminal 122, as shown in FIG. 9, the thickness of the electrode terminal 122 is larger than that of the end cover 121, which can provide better support for the riveting of the rivet 13 and facilitate riveting operate.
  • the liquid injection hole 120 further includes a second hole segment 1202 communicating with the first hole segment 1201 , and the second hole segment 1202 is located away from the first hole segment 1201 .
  • the battery cell 10 On one side inside the casing 11 , the battery cell 10 further includes a sealing nail 17 , and the sealing nail 17 is sealingly engaged with the second hole segment 1202 .
  • the second hole section 1202 communicates with the first hole section 1201 and is located on the side of the first hole section 1201 away from the interior of the housing 11.
  • the liquid injection hole 120 extends to the side of the first hole section 1201 away from the interior of the housing 11 to avoid occupation.
  • the inner space of the housing 11; through the sealing nail 17 and the second hole section 1202, the sealing effect is further improved, and the liquid injection hole 120 is still in a sealed state when the sealing member 14 fails, so as to reduce the leakage of the electrolyte risks of.
  • the diameter of the second hole section 1202 is larger than that of the first hole section 1201 to facilitate the installation of the rivet 13 ; a first stepped surface 1204 is formed between the second hole section 1202 and the first hole section 1201 .
  • the first step surface 1204 is provided with a guide part, which can be a chamfer formed at the connection between the first hole section 1201 and the first step surface 1204, so as to guide the nail body 132 into the first hole Section 1201.
  • the sealing nail 17 is an aluminum nail, and the sealing nail 17 is welded to the hole wall of the second hole section 1202 to ensure the connection strength between the sealing nail 17 and the hole wall of the second hole section 1202, and to further ensure that the sealing nail 17 is connected to the second hole section 1202. Sealing effect between hole segments 1202.
  • the liquid injection hole 120 is provided on the end cover 121, and the side of the sealing nail 17 away from the inside of the housing 11 does not exceed the side of the end cover 121 away from the inside of the housing 11; or, as shown in FIG. 9 , the liquid injection hole 120 is disposed on the electrode terminal 122 , and the side of the sealing nail 17 away from the inside of the housing 11 does not exceed the side of the electrode terminal 122 away from the inside of the housing 11 .
  • the side of the sealing nail 17 away from the inside of the housing 11 may be the side of the sealing nail 17 away from the electrode assembly 16; the side of the end cover 121 away from the inside of the housing 11 may be the side of the end cover 121 away from the electrode assembly 16; the electrode terminal A side of the electrode terminal 122 away from the inside of the casing 11 may be a side of the electrode terminal 122 away from the electrode assembly 16 .
  • a step concave toward the first hole section 1201 is provided at the opening of the second hole section 1202 away from the first hole section 1201, and the sealing nail 17 is arranged on the step
  • the sealing nail 17 and the end cover 121 are welded and fixed so that the outer surface of the sealing nail 17 does not exceed the outer surface of the end cover 121, for example, the outer surface of the sealing nail 17 and the outer surface of the end cover 121
  • the outer surface of the end cap 121 is flush, or the outer surface of the sealing nail 17 is closer to the first hole section 1201 relative to the outer surface of the end cap 121 .
  • a concave step 1205 is provided at the opening of the second hole section 1202 away from the first hole section 1201, and the sealing nail 17 is arranged on the step.
  • the sealing nail 17 is welded and fixed to the electrode terminal 122 , so that the outer surface of the sealing nail 17 is flush with the outer surface of the electrode terminal 122 .
  • the side of the sealing nail 17 away from the inside of the housing 11 is flush with the side of the end cover 121 away from the inside of the housing 11, which can be the outer surface of the sealing nail 17 and the inner side of the housing 11.
  • the outer surface of the end cover 121 is even, so that the appearance of the battery cell 10 is beautiful, and the sealing nail 17 can be prevented from protruding from the outer surface of the end cover 121 to interfere with other components.
  • the side of the sealing nail 17 away from the inside of the casing 11 is flush with the side of the electrode terminal 122 away from the inside of the casing 11, so that the outer surface of the sealing nail 17 can be in contact with the electrode.
  • the outer surface of the terminal 122 is even, so that the appearance of the battery cell 10 is beautiful, and the sealing nail 17 can be prevented from protruding from the outer surface of the electrode terminal 122 to interfere with other components.
  • the liquid injection hole 120 further includes a third hole segment 1203 communicating with the first hole segment 1201, and the third hole segment 1203 is located in the first hole segment.
  • the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is located in the third hole section 1203 and does not exceed the third hole section 1203 .
  • the third hole section 1203 communicates with the first hole section 1201 and the inside of the casing 11 , so that the electrolyte flows into the inside of the casing 11 through the first hole section 1201 and the third hole section 1203 .
  • the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is located in the third hole section 1203, and the end surface of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is in contact with the third hole section 1203.
  • the end face of the end away from the first hole segment 1201 is flush, or the end face of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is close to the first hole segment 1201 relative to the end face of the third hole segment 1203 away from the end of the first hole segment 1201 , that is, the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is located inside the third hole segment 1203 .
  • the third hole section 1203 is located on the side of the first hole section 1201 close to the inside of the housing 11 , that is, the third hole section 1203 is closer to the electrode assembly 16 than the first hole section 1201 , and the liquid injection hole 120 is provided on the end cover 121
  • the third hole section 1203 is located on the side of the end cover 121 close to the electrode assembly 16, and the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 does not exceed the third hole section 1203, so as to avoid occupying the inner space of the housing 11 , which improves the energy density of the battery cell 10;
  • the third hole segment 1203 is located on the side of the electrode terminal 122 close to the electrode assembly 16, and the nail body 132 is far away from the nail
  • One end of the cap 131 does not exceed the third hole section 1203 , avoiding occupying the inner space of the casing 11 and improving the energy density of the battery cell 10 .
  • the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 does not exceed the third hole section 1203, and before the rivet 13 and the end cover assembly 12 are riveted, the end of the nail body 132 The end away from the nail cap 131 does not exceed the third hole section 1203 , preventing the nail body 132 from exceeding the third hole section 1203 and occupying the inner space of the housing 11 , affecting the energy density of the battery cell 10 .
  • the liquid injection hole 120 may include a third hole section 1203 , and the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is located in the third hole section 1203 and does not exceed the third hole section 1203 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, including the battery cell 10 described in any of the above schemes.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery 100 described in any solution above, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the powered device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • the present application provides a cylindrical battery.
  • the casing 11 has an opening 111
  • the end cap 121 covers the opening 111
  • the electrode terminals 122 are arranged on the end cap 121.
  • the tabs of the electrode assembly 16 are electrically connected to the electrode terminal 122
  • the electrode terminal 122 is provided with a liquid injection hole 120 .
  • the liquid injection hole 120 includes a second hole segment 1202 , a first hole segment 1201 and a third hole segment 1203 connected in sequence, and the third hole segment 1203 is closer to the electrode assembly 16 than the first hole segment 1201 .
  • the rivet 13 includes a nail cap 131 and a nail body 132, the nail cap 131 is located in the second hole section 1202, the nail body 132 is connected to the side of the nail cap 131 near the first hole section 1201, and the nail body 132 passes through the first hole section After 1201 extends into the third hole section 1203 , the end of the nail body 132 away from the nail cap 131 is located in the third hole section 1203 and does not exceed the third hole section 1203 .
  • the sealing member 14 is arranged between the nail cap 131 and the electrode terminal 122, the limiting boss 15 is formed on the side of the nail nut 131 close to the first hole section 1201, and the limiting boss 15 is formed on the edge of the nail cap 131, limiting
  • the position boss 15 is an annular boss arranged around the central axis of the rivet 13 . The limiting boss 15 abuts against the electrode terminal 122 to control the compression amount of the sealing member 14 to ensure that the compression amount at different positions of the sealing member 14 is consistent and to ensure the sealing effect between the nail cap 131 and the end cap assembly 12 .
  • a sealing nail 17 is set at the opening of the second hole section 1202 away from the first hole section 1201, and the sealing nail 17 is welded with the electrode terminal 122 to seal the second hole section 1202 and seal A side of the nail 17 away from the inside of the housing 11 is flush with a side of the electrode terminal 122 away from the inside of the housing 11 .

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，属于电池制造技术领域。电池单体，包括：壳体，具有开口；端盖组件，用于封闭开口，端盖组件设有注液孔，注液孔包括第一孔段；铆钉，包括钉帽和钉体，钉体穿过第一孔段，钉帽位于第一孔段的远离壳体内部的一侧；密封件，设于钉帽和端盖组件之间，用于密封第一孔段；其中，钉帽靠近第一孔段的一侧形成有限位凸台，限位凸台用于与端盖组件抵接，以限制密封件的压缩量；或，端盖组件形成有限位凸台，限位凸台与钉帽靠近第一孔段的一侧抵接，以限制密封件的压缩量。电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够增强电池的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年08月19日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请202121957726.6的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池制造技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够增强电池的安全性。
本申请是通过下述技术方案实现的：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括：
壳体，具有开口；
端盖组件，用于封闭所述开口，所述端盖组件设有注液孔，所述注液孔包括第一孔段；
铆钉，包括钉帽和钉体，所述钉体穿过所述第一孔段，所述钉帽位于所述第一孔段的远离所述壳体内部的一侧；
密封件，设于所述钉帽和所述端盖组件之间，用于密封所述第一孔段；
其中，所述钉帽靠近所述第一孔段的一侧形成有限位凸台，所述限位凸台用于与所述端盖组件抵接，以限制所述密封件的压缩量；或，所述端盖组件形成有限位凸台，所述限位凸台与所述钉帽靠近所述第一孔段的一侧抵接，以限制所述密封件的压缩量。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体，通过在钉帽的靠近第一孔段的一侧形成限位凸台，限位凸台与端盖组件抵接，或者，通过在端盖组件形成限位凸台，限位凸台与钉 帽靠近第一孔段的一侧抵接；在铆接时，限位凸台能够起到限制密封件的压缩量的作用，调整因钉体倾斜而导致的安装误差，保证钉帽与端盖组件密封配合；在保证钉体不倾斜时，保证密封件的不同位置的压缩量一致，提高了长期密封性能。该电池单体，基于钉帽和端盖组件的密封配合，能够减小壳体内部的电解液从注液孔泄漏的风险，以免引起安全隐患，提高了安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述限位凸台的高度小于所述密封件的原始厚度。
在上述方案中，限位凸台的高度小于密封件的原始厚度，以便于钉帽与端盖组件配合压缩密封件，使密封件发生形变而进一步填满钉帽与端盖组件之间的间隙，从而封堵钉体和第一孔段之间的间隙，保证电池单体的密封效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述限位凸台围绕所述密封件设置。
在上述方案中，限位凸台围绕密封件设置，使得限位凸台能够在密封件的周向的不同位置对钉帽提供支撑，防止钉帽倾斜，以控制密封件的压缩量，保证密封件的不同位置的压缩量一致，保证钉帽与端盖组件之间的密封效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述限位凸台为围绕所述铆钉的中心轴线设置的环形凸台；或，所述限位凸台包括围绕所述铆钉的中心轴线间隔分布的多个子凸台。
在上述方案中，在限位凸台为围绕铆钉的中心轴线设置的环形凸台的实施例中，限位凸台能够在铆钉的周向的任意位置起到支撑的作用，防止钉帽倾斜，控制密封件的压缩量，以保证密封件的不同位置的压缩量一致。在限位凸台包括围绕铆钉的中心轴线间隔分布的多个子凸台的实施例中，多个子凸台能够在铆钉的周向具有多个支撑位置，防止钉帽倾斜，以便于控制密封件的压缩量，保证密封件的不同位置的压缩量一致。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述限位凸台形成在所述钉帽的边缘。
在上述方案中，相对于限位凸台设置于钉帽的靠近铆钉中心轴线的其他设置位置，限位凸台位于钉帽的边缘，能够使得钉帽与密封件具有较大的接触面积，便于控制密封件的压缩量，保证钉帽与端盖组件之间的密封效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述电极端子设于所述端盖，所述注液孔设于所述端盖或所述电极端子。
在上述方案中，注液孔可以设置于端盖，也可以设置于电极端子；在注液孔设置于端盖的实施例中，注液孔可以设置在端盖的任意适合位置，具有较多的选择位置，只需保证注液孔不与其他部件干涉即可；在注液孔设置于电极端子的实施例中，电极端子的厚度相对于端盖的厚度大，能够为铆钉铆接提供较好的支撑，便于铆接作业。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述注液孔还包括与所述第一孔段连通的第二孔段，所述第二孔段位于所述第一孔段远离所述壳体内部的一侧，所述电池单体还包括密封钉，所述密封钉与所述第二孔段密封配合。
在上述方案中，第二孔段位于第一孔段的远离壳体内部的一侧，避免占用壳体的内部空间；通过密封钉与第二孔段密封配合，进一步提高密封效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述注液孔设于所述端盖，所述密封钉远离所述壳 体内部的一侧不超出所述端盖远离所述壳体内部的一侧；
或，所述注液孔设于所述电极端子，所述密封钉远离所述壳体内部的一侧不超出所述电极端子远离所述壳体内部的一侧。
在上述方案中，在注液孔设于端盖的实施例中，密封钉的表面与端盖的表面平齐，使得电池单体的外观美观，并且避免密封钉凸出端盖的表面而与其他部件干涉。在注液孔设于电极端子的实施例中，密封钉的表面与电极端子的表面平齐，使得电池单体的外观美观，并且避免密封钉凸出于端盖的表面而与其他部件干涉。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述注液孔还包括与所述第一孔段连通的第三孔段，所述第三孔段位于所述第一孔段的靠近所述壳体内部的一侧，所述钉体的远离所述钉帽的一端位于所述第三孔段内且不超出所述第三孔段。
在上述方案中，第三孔段位于第一孔段的靠近壳体内部的一侧，也即第三孔段相对于第一孔段靠近电极组件，钉体的远离钉帽的一端位于第三孔段内且不超出第三孔段，避免占用壳体的内部空间，提高了电池单体的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，包括上述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为图3的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的铆钉与端盖组件铆接前的装配示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的铆钉的结构示意图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的铆钉的结构示意图；
图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图9为图8的端盖组件的结构示意图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：100-电池；101-箱体；1011-第一部分；1012-第二部分；10-电池单体；11-壳体；111-开口；12-端盖组件；120-注液孔；1201-第一孔段；1202-第二孔 段；1203-第三孔段；1204-第一台阶面；1205-台阶；121-端盖；122-电极端子；13-铆钉；131-钉帽；132-钉体；1321-限位结构；133-拉杆；14-密封件；15-限位凸台；151-子凸台；152-缺口；16-电极组件；17-密封钉；200-马达；300-控制器；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关 系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请中，所提及的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提及的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：圆柱电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例并不限于此。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括壳体和端盖组件，壳体具有开口，以供电极组件放置于壳体的内部，端盖组件用于封闭开口，以与壳体连接形成容纳电极组件的腔体。通常，壳体的内部需要填充电解液，端盖组件设有注液孔，以供电解液进入壳体的内部。
在电池生产过程中，注液孔的密封效果好坏将会影响电解液是否泄漏，如果注液孔的密封效果较差，则会容易引起电解液泄漏，进而造成安全隐患，影响电池的安全性。
现有技术中，通常采用铆钉和密封件的配合方式来对注液孔进行密封。发明人发现，在铆接的过程中，铆钉的安装精度会影响注液孔的密封效果，如果钉体倾斜，钉帽施加于密封件的挤压力不均衡，则会导致密封件的不同位置的压缩量不一致，密封件不能完全封闭注液孔与钉体之间的间隙，进而使得密封失效，电解液容易泄漏，影响电池的安全。
基于上述考虑，为了解决注液孔密封效果较差的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，该电池单体包括壳体、端盖组件、铆钉及密封件；壳体具有开口，端盖组件用于封闭开口，端盖组件设有注液孔，注液孔包括第一孔段；铆钉包括钉帽和钉体，钉体穿过第一孔段，钉帽位于第一孔段的远离壳体内部的一侧；密封件设于钉帽和端盖组件之间，用于密封第一孔段。其中，钉帽靠近第一孔段的一侧形成有限位凸台，限位凸台用于与端盖组件抵接，以限制密封件的压缩量；或者，端盖组件形成有限位凸台，限位凸台与钉帽靠近第一孔段的一侧抵接，以限制密封件的压缩量。
在这样的电池单体中，在钉帽的靠近第一孔段的一侧形成有限位凸台的实施例中，限位凸台与端盖组件抵接，或者，在端盖组件形成有限位凸台的实施例中，限位凸台与钉帽靠近第一孔段的一侧抵接；在铆钉与端盖组件铆接时，限位凸台能够起到限制密封件的压缩量的作用，调整因钉体倾斜而导致的安装误差，保证钉帽与端盖组件密封配合；在保证钉体不倾斜时，使得钉帽施加于密封件的不同位置的作用力均衡，保证密封件的不同位置的压缩量一致，提高了长期密封性能。
由于钉帽与端盖组件的密封配合，使得钉帽与端盖组件之间具有较好的密封效果，能够有效减小壳体内部的电解液从注液孔泄漏的风险，以免引起安全隐患，提高了安全性。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电设备的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车、船舶、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例以一种用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路系统，例如用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。
车辆1000的内部还可以设置马达200以及控制器300，控制器300用来控制电池100为马达200的供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请的另一实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱 动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体101和电池单体10，电池单体10容纳于箱体101中。
其中，箱体101用于为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体101可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体101可以包括第一部分1011和第二部分1012，第一部分1011与第二部分1012相互盖合，第一部分1011和第二部分1012共同限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第二部分1012可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分1011可以为板状结构，第一部分1011盖合于第二部分1012的开口侧，以使第一部分1011与第二部分1012共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分1011和第二部分1012也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分1011的开口侧盖合于第二部分1012的开口侧。当然，第一部分1011和第二部分1012形成的箱体101可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体101内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块形式，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体101内。
电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体10之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体10可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体10可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。为便于描述，本申请下述实施例以电池单体10呈圆柱体为例进行说明。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图，图4为图3的端盖组件12的结构示意图。电池单体10是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3所示，电池单体10包括有壳体11、端盖组件12、电极组件16及其他功能性部件。
壳体11具有开口，以供电极组件16放置于壳体11的内部。壳体11是用于配合端盖组件12以形成电池单体10的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件16、电解液以及其他部件。壳体11可以是多种形状和尺寸的，例如，长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。本申请实施例以壳体11为圆柱体形为例进行介绍。壳体11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例以壳体11的材质为铝合金为例进行介绍。
如图4所示，端盖组件12包括端盖121和电极端子122，电极端子122设置于端盖121上。端盖121是指盖合于壳体11的开口处以将电池100的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖121的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适应以配合壳体11。可选地，端盖121可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖121在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体10能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。电极端子122可以用于与电极组件16电连接，以用于输出或输 入电池单体10的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖121上还可以设置有用于在电池单体10的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖121的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例以端盖121的材质为铝合金为例介绍。
电极组件16是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体11内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件16。电极组件16主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔膜。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件16的主体部，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子122以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种电池单体10，如图3和图4所示，该电池单体10包括壳体11、端盖组件12、铆钉13以及密封件14。壳体11具有开口111。端盖组件12用于封闭开口111，端盖组件12设有注液孔120，注液孔120包括第一孔段1201。铆钉13包括钉帽131和钉体132，钉体132穿过第一孔段1201，钉帽131位于第一孔段1201的远离壳体11内部的一侧。密封件14设于钉帽131和端盖组件12之间，密封件14用于密封第一孔段1201。其中，钉帽131靠近第一孔段1201的一侧形成有限位凸台15，限位凸台15用于与端盖组件12抵接，以限制密封件14的压缩量；或，端盖组件12形成有限位凸台15，限位凸台15与钉帽131靠近第一孔段1201的一侧抵接，以限制密封件14的压缩量。
需要指出的是，壳体11内部是指端盖组件12封装壳体11的开口111后，壳体11与端盖组件12围成的区域。端盖组件12设有注液孔120，注液孔120连通壳体11内部和外部空间，以便于电解液经由注液孔120流入壳体11内部。
如图4所示，端盖组件12形成有第一台阶面1204，第一台阶面1204位于第一孔段1201的远离壳体11内部的一侧，也即，第一孔段1201开设于第一台阶面1204。密封件14设置于第一台阶面1204上，且密封件14被第一台阶面1204和钉帽131夹持。
钉体132穿过第一孔段1201是指，钉体132的一端与钉帽131连接，钉帽131位于第一孔段1201的远离壳体11内部的一侧，钉体132的另一端穿过第一孔段1201后，位于第一孔段1201的靠近壳体11内部的一侧。铆钉13的材质可以为铝、不锈钢、铁、黄铜、紫铜等。请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的铆钉13与端盖组件12铆接前的装配示意图。如图5所示，铆钉13通常还包括拉杆133，在铆接时，铆钉13的拉杆133被外部部件夹持并从钉帽131和钉体132中拉出，以将钉帽131和钉体132固定于端盖组件12，该种铆接操作称为拉铆操作。在拉铆操作的过程中，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端在拉杆133的作用下变形以形成限位结构1321，通过钉帽131和该限位结构1321将钉体132与端盖组件12固定。在铆接过程中，钉帽131被施加挤压密封件14的作用力，以使密封件14压缩变形，当钉帽131和钉体132配合固定于端盖组件12后，密封件14被钉帽131压于端盖组件12，从而形成钉帽131 和端盖组件12之间的密封。
在钉帽131的靠近第一孔段1201的一侧形成有限位凸台15的实施例中，如图4所示，限位凸台15与端盖组件12(第一台阶面1204)抵接，或者，在端盖组件12形成有限位凸台15的实施例中，限位凸台15与钉帽131靠近第一孔段1201的一侧抵接；在铆钉13与端盖组件12铆接时，限位凸台15能够起到限制密封件14的压缩量的作用，调整因钉体132倾斜而导致的安装误差，保证钉帽131与端盖组件12密封配合；在保证钉体132不倾斜时，使得钉帽131施加于密封件14的不同位置的作用力均衡，保证密封件14的不同位置的压缩量一致，提高了长期密封性能。
由于钉帽131与端盖组件12的密封配合，使得钉帽131与端盖组件12之间具有较好的密封效果，能够有效减小壳体11内部的电解液从注液孔120泄漏的风险，以免引起安全隐患，提高了安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请参照图5，限位凸台15的高度H小于密封件14的原始厚度D。
密封件14的原始厚度D是指密封件14在铆接操作前的厚度；限位凸台15的高度H是指限位凸台15在沿铆钉13的中心轴线方向上的尺寸，也即限位凸台15在沿第一孔段1201的中心轴线方向上的尺寸。在铆接操作前，限位凸台15的高度H小于密封件14的原始厚度D。在钉帽131的靠近第一孔段1201的一侧形成有限位凸台15的实施例中，如图5所示，在铆接操作前，密封件14的厚度方向的两侧分别与钉帽131和端盖组件12(第一台阶面1204)接触，限位凸台15的靠近第一孔段1201的一侧的表面与端盖组件12(第一台阶面1204)之间具有间隙；在铆接过程中，钉帽131朝向第一孔段1201移动，移动至限位凸台15与端盖组件12(第一台阶面1204)抵接，在钉帽131的移动过程中，钉帽131挤压密封件14，密封件14逐渐被压缩变形，密封件14的最终状态的厚度减小至与限位凸台15的高度D相同。同理，在端盖组件12形成有限位凸台15的实施例中，在铆接操作前，密封件14的厚度方向的两侧分别与钉帽131和端盖组件12(第一台阶面1204)接触，限位凸台15的朝向钉帽131的一端的表面与钉帽131之间具有间隙；在铆接的过程中，钉帽131朝向第一孔段1201移动，移动至钉帽131与限位凸台15抵接，在钉帽131的移动过程中，密封件14逐渐被压缩变形，密封件14的最终状态的厚度减小至与限位凸台15的高度D相同。
限位凸台15的高度H小于密封件14的原始厚度D，以便于钉帽131与端盖组件12配合压缩密封件14，使密封件14发生形变而进一步填满钉帽131与端盖组件12之间的间隙，从而封堵钉体132和第一孔段1201之间的间隙，保证电池单体10的密封效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图4和图5所示，限位凸台15围绕密封件14设置。
由于钉体132为圆柱状结构，为了便于保证密封件14(请参照图5)的密封效果，密封件14为环状结构，也即密封圈，密封件14套设于钉体132的外部，以便于在钉体132的周向的任意位置实现钉帽131和端盖组件12的密封配合，保证钉帽131与端盖组件12之间的密封效果。限位凸台15围绕密封件14设置，是指沿铆钉13的 径向，密封件14相对于限位凸台15靠近铆钉13的中心轴线，换句话说，密封件14位于限位凸台15和钉体132之间。
在钉帽131靠近第一孔段1201的一侧形成有限位凸台15的实施例中，如图4所示，限位凸台15围绕密封件14设置，可以为钉帽131罩设于密封件14的外部。在端盖组件12形成有限位凸台15的实施例中，限位凸台15围绕密封件14设置，可以为限位凸台15的朝向钉体132的表面、端盖组件12的开设第一孔段1201的表面(第一台阶面1204)、钉体132及钉帽131的靠近第一孔段1201的表面围成限定密封件14的区域。
密封件14的材质为氟橡胶、丁晴橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、硅胶、氟硅橡胶等。
限位凸台15围绕密封件14设置，使得限位凸台15能够在密封件14的周向的不同位置对钉帽131提供支撑，防止钉帽131倾斜，以控制密封件14的压缩量，保证密封件14的不同位置压缩量一致，保证钉帽131与端盖组件12之间的密封效果。
限位凸台15的形状可以根据钉帽131的轮廓确定，以便于实现对密封件14的约束，保证钉帽131与端盖组件12之间的密封效果。
请参照图6和图7，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的铆钉13的结构示意图，图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的铆钉13的结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图6所示，限位凸台15为围绕铆钉13的中心轴线设置的环形凸台；或，如图7所示，限位凸台15包括围绕铆钉13的中心轴线间隔分布的多个子凸台151。
由于钉体132为圆柱体，铆钉13的中心轴线也即钉体132的中心轴线。密封件14为环形结构，密封件14套设于钉体132的外部，以便于密封件14与钉体132配合，保证钉帽131与端盖组件12之间的密封效果。钉帽131的轮廓可以为圆形，以便于钉帽131与密封件14具有较大的接触面积。如图7所示，限位凸台15包括围绕铆钉13的中心轴线间隔分布的多个子凸台151，可以为在环形凸台的基础上，绕铆钉13的中心轴线在环形凸台上开设多个间隔分布的缺口152，使得环形凸台为间断式结构，相邻的两个缺口152之间形成一个子凸台151。
在限位凸台15为围绕铆钉13的中心轴线设置的环形凸台的实施例中，限位凸台15能够在铆钉13的周向的任意位置起到支撑的作用，防止钉帽131倾斜，控制密封件14的压缩量，以保证密封件14的不同位置的压缩量一致。在限位凸台15包括围绕铆钉13的中心轴线间隔分布的多个子凸台151的实施例中，多个子凸台151能够在铆钉13的周向具有多个支撑位置，防止钉帽131倾斜，以便于控制密封件14的压缩量，保证密封件14的不同位置的压缩量一致。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图6和图7所示，限位凸台15形成在钉帽131的边缘。
限位凸台15形成于钉帽131的靠近第一孔段1201的一侧，且位于钉帽131的边缘，沿铆钉13的径向，密封件14位于限位凸台15与钉体132之间。相对于限位凸台15不设置于钉帽131的边缘的其他设置方式，例如限位凸台15设置于钉帽131的靠近铆钉13的中心轴线的设置方式，限位凸台15形成在钉帽131的边缘，能够使得钉帽131与密封件14具有较大的接触面积，便于控制密封件14的压缩量，保证钉帽 131与端盖组件12之间的密封效果。
请参照图8和图9，图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体10的结构示意图，图9为图8的端盖组件12的结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图8和图9所示，端盖组件12包括端盖121和电极端子122，端盖121覆盖开口111，电极端子122设于端盖121，注液孔120设于端盖121或电极端子122。
端盖121覆盖开口111，且与壳体11密封连接，以封闭开口111，形成容纳电极组件16的腔室。电极端子122设置于端盖121上，电极端子122与电极组件16的极耳电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体10的电能。
注液孔120可以设置于端盖121，也可以设置于电极端子122。在注液孔120设置于端盖121的实施例中，注液孔120可以设置在端盖121的任意适合位置，具有较多的选择位置，只需保证注液孔120不与其他部件干涉即可；在注液孔120设置于电极端子122的实施例中，如图9所示，电极端子122的厚度相对于端盖121的厚度大，能够为铆钉13铆接提供较好的支撑，便于铆接操作。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图9所示，注液孔120还包括与第一孔段1201连通的第二孔段1202，第二孔段1202位于第一孔段1201远离壳体11内部的一侧，电池单体10还包括密封钉17，密封钉17与第二孔段1202密封配合。
第二孔段1202与第一孔段1201连通且位于第一孔段1201远离壳体11内部的一侧，注液孔120向第一孔段1201远离壳体11内部的一侧延伸，避免占用壳体11的内部空间；通过密封钉17与第二孔段1202密封配合，进一步提高密封效果，在密封件14失效的情况下，能够保证注液孔120仍然处于密封状态，减小电解液泄漏的风险。
可选地，第二孔段1202的直径大于第一孔段1201的直径，以便于铆钉13的安装；第二孔段1202与第一孔段1201之间形成第一台阶面1204。为了便于铆钉13安装导向，第一台阶面1204设置有导向部，导向部可以为形成在第一孔段1201与第一台阶面1204连接处的倒角，以便于引导钉体132进入第一孔段1201。
可选地，密封钉17为铝钉，密封钉17与第二孔段1202的孔壁焊接，以保证密封钉17与第二孔段1202的孔壁连接强度，进一步保证密封钉17与第二孔段1202之间的密封效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，注液孔120设于端盖121，密封钉17远离壳体11内部的一侧不超出端盖121远离壳体11内部的一侧；或，如图9所示，注液孔120设于电极端子122，密封钉17远离壳体11内部的一侧不超出电极端子122远离壳体11内部的一侧。
密封钉17远离壳体11内部的一侧可以为密封钉17远离电极组件16的一侧；端盖121远离壳体11内部的一侧可以为端盖121远离电极组件16的一侧；电极端子122远离壳体11内部的一侧可以为电极端子122远离电极组件16的一侧。
在注液孔120设于端盖121的实施例中，第二孔段1202的远离第一孔段1201的一端开口处设置有朝向第一孔段1201凹陷的台阶，密封钉17设置于该台阶处，以便于密封钉17在端盖121的定位，密封钉17与端盖121焊接固定，以使得密 封钉17的外表面不超出端盖121的外表面，例如，密封钉17的外表面与端盖121的外表面平齐，或者，密封钉17的外表面相对于端盖121的外表面靠近第一孔段1201。在注液孔120设于电极端子122的实施例，如图9所示，第二孔段1202的远离第一孔段1201的一端开口处设置有凹陷的台阶1205，密封钉17设置于该台阶1205处，以便于密封钉17在电极端子122的定位，密封钉17与电极端子122焊接固定，以使得密封钉17的外表面与电极端子122的外表面平齐。
在注液孔120设于端盖121的实施例中，密封钉17远离壳体11内部的一侧与端盖121远离壳体11内部的一侧平齐，可以为密封钉17的外表面与端盖121的外表面平齐，使得电池单体10的外观美观，并且能够避免密封钉17凸出于端盖121的外表面而与其他部件干涉。在注液孔120设于电极端子122的实施例中，密封钉17远离壳体11内部的一侧与电极端子122远离壳体11内部的一侧平齐，可以密封钉17的外表面与电极端子122的外表面平齐，使得电池单体10的外观美观，并且能够避免密封钉17凸出于电极端子122的外表面而与其他部件干涉。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，如图8和图9所示，注液孔120还包括与第一孔段1201连通的第三孔段1203，第三孔段1203位于第一孔段1201的靠近壳体11内部的一侧，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端位于第三孔段1203内且不超出第三孔段1203。
如图8所示，第三孔段1203连通第一孔段1201和壳体11内部，以便于电解液经由第一孔段1201和第三孔段1203流入壳体11内部。钉体132穿过第一孔段1201后，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端位于第三孔段1203内，并且钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端的端面与第三孔段1203的远离第一孔段1201的一端的端面平齐，或者，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端端面相对于第三孔段1203的远离第一孔段1201的一端的端面靠近第一孔段1201，也即钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端位于第三孔段1203的内部。
第三孔段1203位于第一孔段1201的靠近壳体11内部的一侧，也即第三孔段1203相对于第一孔段1201靠近电极组件16，在注液孔120设于端盖121的实施例中，第三孔段1203位于端盖121的靠近电极组件16的一侧，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端不超出第三孔段1203，以避免占用壳体11的内部空间，提高了电池单体10的能量密度；在注液孔120设于电极端子122的实施例中，第三孔段1203位于电极端子122的靠近电极组件16的一侧，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端不超出第三孔段1203，避免占用壳体11的内部空间，提高了电池单体10的能量密度。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中，在铆接结束后，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端不超出第三孔段1203，且在铆钉13与端盖组件12铆接前，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端不超出第三孔段1203，避免钉体132超出第三孔段1203而占用壳体11的内部空间，影响电池单体10的能量密度。
在上述任意实施例中，注液孔120均可以包括第三孔段1203，并且钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端位于第三孔段1203内且不超出第三孔段1203。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括以上任一方 案所述的电池单体10。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电设备，包括以上任一方案所述的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电设备提供电能。
用电设备可以是前述任应用电池100的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种圆柱电池，如图8和图9所示，壳体11具有开口111，端盖121覆盖开口111，电极端子122设置于端盖121上，电极组件16的极耳与电极端子122电连接，电极端子122设有注液孔120。注液孔120包括依次连通的第二孔段1202、第一孔段1201和第三孔段1203，第三孔段1203相对于第一孔段1201靠近电极组件16。铆钉13包括钉帽131和钉体132，钉帽131位于第二孔段1202内，钉体132连接于钉帽131的靠近第一孔段1201的一侧，钉体132穿过第一孔段1201后伸入第三孔段1203，钉体132的远离钉帽131的一端位于第三孔段1203内且不超出第三孔段1203。密封件14设于钉帽131和电极端子122之间，限位凸台15形成于钉帽131靠近第一孔段1201的一侧，且限位凸台15形成在钉帽131的边缘，限位凸台15为围绕铆钉13的中心轴线设置的环形凸台。限位凸台15与电极端子122抵接，用于控制密封件14的压缩量，保证密封件14的不同位置压缩量一致，保证钉帽131与端盖组件12之间的密封效果。在铆钉13与电极端子122铆接后，在第二孔段1202的远离第一孔段1201的开口处设置密封钉17，密封钉17与电极端子122焊接，以密封第二孔段1202，并且密封钉17的远离壳体11内部的一侧与电极端子122的远离壳体11内部的一侧平齐。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    端盖组件，用于封闭所述开口，所述端盖组件设有注液孔，所述注液孔包括第一孔段；
    铆钉，包括钉帽和钉体，所述钉体穿过所述第一孔段，所述钉帽位于所述第一孔段的远离所述壳体内部的一侧；
    密封件，设于所述钉帽和所述端盖组件之间，用于密封所述第一孔段；
    其中，所述钉帽靠近所述第一孔段的一侧形成有限位凸台，所述限位凸台用于与所述端盖组件抵接，以限制所述密封件的压缩量；或，所述端盖组件形成有限位凸台，所述限位凸台与所述钉帽靠近所述第一孔段的一侧抵接，以限制所述密封件的压缩量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述限位凸台的高度小于所述密封件的原始厚度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述限位凸台围绕所述密封件设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述限位凸台为围绕所述铆钉的中心轴线设置的环形凸台；或，所述限位凸台包括围绕所述铆钉的中心轴线间隔分布的多个子凸台。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述限位凸台形成在所述钉帽的边缘。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述电极端子设于所述端盖，所述注液孔设于所述端盖或所述电极端子。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述注液孔还包括与所述第一孔段连通的第二孔段，所述第二孔段位于所述第一孔段远离所述壳体内部的一侧，所述电池单体还包括密封钉，所述密封钉与所述第二孔段密封配合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述注液孔设于所述端盖，所述密封钉远离所述壳体内部的一侧不超出所述端盖远离所述壳体内部的一侧；
    或，所述注液孔设于所述电极端子，所述密封钉远离所述壳体内部的一侧不超出所述电极端子远离所述壳体内部的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述注液孔还包括与所述第一孔段连通的第三孔段，所述第三孔段位于所述第一孔段的靠近所述壳体内部的一侧，所述钉体的远离所述钉帽的一端位于所述第三孔段内且不超出所述第三孔段。
  10. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池单体。
  11. 一种用电设备，包括如权利要求10所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/098985 2021-08-19 2022-06-15 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2023020088A1 (zh)

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