WO2023050075A1 - 电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023050075A1
WO2023050075A1 PCT/CN2021/121387 CN2021121387W WO2023050075A1 WO 2023050075 A1 WO2023050075 A1 WO 2023050075A1 CN 2021121387 W CN2021121387 W CN 2021121387W WO 2023050075 A1 WO2023050075 A1 WO 2023050075A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
electrode assembly
hole
protrusion
wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/121387
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒙万秋
刘倩
叶永煌
郑于炼
薛龙飞
张小细
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020227038607A priority Critical patent/KR20230047954A/ko
Priority to CN202180082424.5A priority patent/CN116636072A/zh
Priority to EP21939978.9A priority patent/EP4184689A4/en
Priority to JP2022566493A priority patent/JP2023547005A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/121387 priority patent/WO2023050075A1/zh
Priority to US18/064,933 priority patent/US20230114679A1/en
Publication of WO2023050075A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050075A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a cover assembly, a battery, an electrical device, a method, and a device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a cover assembly, a battery, an electrical device, a method, and equipment, and the battery cell can alleviate battery safety problems caused by exhaust gas.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including: an electrode assembly, a casing, and a ventilation member.
  • the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly
  • the wall portion of the casing includes a main body portion and a fixing piece
  • the fixing piece is provided with a concave portion communicating with the outside
  • the concave portion faces the inner surface of the electrode assembly from the fixing piece It is recessed in a direction away from the electrode assembly.
  • a gas permeable member covers the concave portion, and the gas permeable member is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the housing through the concave portion when the gas pressure inside the housing reaches a threshold value.
  • the bottom wall of the recess is provided with a protrusion extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly, and the protrusion is configured to be attached to the air-permeable member so as to restrict the air-permeable member from moving along the wall. deformation in the thickness direction.
  • the wall portion of the housing includes a main body and a fixing member, and the fixing member is provided with a concave portion communicating with the outside, and the concave portion is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing member facing the electrode assembly in a direction away from the electrode assembly,
  • the air-permeable member is arranged to cover the recess, and the air-permeable member can discharge the gas to the outside of the outer shell when the gas pressure inside the shell reaches a threshold value, so as to meet the exhaust demand.
  • the bottom wall of the concave part is provided with a protrusion extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly, and the protrusion is attached to the air-permeable member, which can provide support to the side of the air-permeable member away from the electrode assembly in the thickness direction, so as to limit the air-permeable member.
  • the deformation along the thickness direction of the wall portion under the action of the internal gas slows down the aging of the ventilation member.
  • an accommodating cavity communicating with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the protruding part and the inner peripheral wall of the concave part, and the bottom wall of the concave part is provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole configured to gaseously communicate with an inner space of the battery cell through the receiving cavity.
  • the number of the first through holes is multiple, and the plurality of first through holes are distributed at intervals. By making the number of the first through holes multiple, the exhaust rate can be ensured, and the safety performance of the battery cell can be improved.
  • the protruding part includes a first protrusion
  • the accommodation cavity communicating with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first protrusion and the inner peripheral wall of the concave part.
  • the protrusion includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion
  • the second protrusion surrounds the first protrusion and is spaced apart from the first protrusion
  • the first protrusion The accommodating cavity communicated with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the protrusion and the inner peripheral wall of the second protrusion, and the accommodating cavity communicated with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the second protrusion and the inner peripheral wall of the recess. the accommodating cavity.
  • the number of the second protrusions is more than two, the two or more second protrusions are arranged at intervals and coaxially, and a communication with the outside is formed between two adjacent second protrusions. of the accommodating cavity.
  • each second protrusion can be attached to the air-permeable member, increasing the attachment area between the protrusion and the air-permeable member, and reducing the deformation probability of the air-permeable member in the thickness direction.
  • accommodating cavities communicating with the outside are formed between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, between the second protrusion and the second protrusion, and between the second protrusion and the recess, which can also increase the exhaust rate , so that the safety of the battery cell is higher.
  • the fixing part includes a second through hole for accommodating the fixing part, and the fixing part is used for connecting the ventilation member and the main body part.
  • the second through hole includes a first hole segment and a second hole segment in its axial direction, the radial size of the first hole segment is larger than the radial size of the second hole segment, A transition surface is connected between the first hole section and the second hole section, and the transition surface is used to support the fixing member, wherein the axial direction is parallel to the thickness direction of the wall portion.
  • the second through hole is in the form of a stepped hole, which can support the fixing piece through the transition surface, limit the fixing piece, and facilitate the installation and connection between the fixing piece and the main body.
  • the second hole section is located between the first hole section and the electrode assembly, and in the axial direction, the surface of the fixing member facing the electrode assembly abuts against the transition surface.
  • the transition surface can provide support for the surface of the fixing member facing the electrode assembly, ensuring the positioning requirement of the fixing member, and facilitating the connection between the fixing member and the main body.
  • the first hole section is located between the second hole section and the electrode assembly, the surface of the fixing member facing away from the electrode assembly abuts against the transition surface, and the axis In this direction, the orthographic projection of each of the first through holes is located inside the orthographic projection of the hole wall of the second hole segment.
  • the transition surface can provide support for the surface of the fixing member away from the electrode assembly, ensuring the positioning requirements of the fixing member, and at the same time, the orthographic projection of each first through hole is located inside the orthographic projection of the hole wall of the second hole segment, It can prevent the transition surface from blocking the first through hole, and ensure the smoothness of the exhaust of the battery cells.
  • the first hole section is located between the second hole section and the electrode assembly, the surface of the fixing member facing away from the electrode assembly abuts against the transition surface, and the second hole section
  • the through hole also includes a third hole section, the third hole section is formed by extending from the transition surface along the axial direction away from the first hole section, the radial direction of the third hole section The size is smaller than the radial size of the first hole segment and larger than the radial size of the second hole segment; in the axial direction, the orthographic projection of each of the first through holes is located in the hole of the third hole segment Orthographic interior of the wall.
  • the fixing member includes a connecting portion and a mounting portion, the connecting portion is connected to and protrudes from the outer side wall of the mounting portion, the connecting portion is used for connecting the main body portion, and the mounting portion Used to connect the ventilation components.
  • the fixing part adopts the above-mentioned structural form, which can facilitate the installation of the ventilating member, and at the same time, can ensure the connection requirement with the main body.
  • the connecting portion is welded to the main body, and along the thickness direction, the mounting portion protrudes from the connecting portion toward the side where the electrode assembly is located, and the air-permeable member is connected to The mounting portion faces an end surface of the electrode assembly.
  • the connecting part and the main part are connected by welding to ensure the connection strength between the two.
  • the installation part is protruded from the connection part to the side where the electrode assembly is located, and the air-permeable member is connected to the end surface of the installation part facing the electrode assembly, which can increase the distance between the welding positions of the air-permeable member and the connection part and the main body to avoid The heat generated when the connecting part and the main body are connected by welding damages the ventilation member or affects the connection strength between the ventilation member and the installation part.
  • a gap is formed between the outer sidewall of the mounting portion and the wall of the second through hole, so that the ventilation member is spaced apart from the wall of the second through hole.
  • a support is provided in the accommodating cavity, and the support is used to support the gas-permeable member, and the gas can flow through the support and be discharged through the first through hole.
  • the support can further provide support for the air-permeable member and limit the deformation of the air-permeable member in the thickness direction.
  • the support member is connected to the wall surrounding the receiving cavity through a chemical bond.
  • the air-permeable member is connected to the end surface of the protrusion through a chemical bond.
  • the housing has a housing and a cover assembly, the housing has an opening, the cover assembly closes the opening, and one of the housing and the cover assembly includes the wall .
  • the fixing member can be arranged on the casing, and of course also on the cover assembly, both of which can meet the ventilation requirements.
  • the cover assembly includes the wall, and the battery cell further includes an insulator, the insulator is used to separate the cover assembly from the electrode assembly, and the insulator is provided with A third through hole, the third through hole is used to communicate with the concave portion.
  • the fixing member can be arranged on the cover assembly, so that the cover assembly has an exhaust function.
  • the arrangement of the insulator can avoid contact short circuit between the electrode assembly and the cover assembly, and improve the safety performance of the battery cell, and the correspondingly provided third through hole can facilitate the discharge of gas inside the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a cover assembly for a battery cell
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly
  • the cover assembly includes a cover plate
  • the wall portion of the cover plate includes a main body portion and a fixing part
  • the fixing part is provided with a concave part communicating with the outside, and the concave part is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing part facing the electrode assembly toward the direction away from the electrode assembly
  • the air-permeable member covers the concave part
  • the The air-permeable member is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the battery cell through the recess when the gas pressure inside the battery cell reaches a threshold value
  • the bottom wall of the recess is provided with a A protrusion extending in the direction of the assembly configured to attach to the air permeable member to limit deformation of the air permeable member in a thickness direction of the wall portion.
  • the wall part of the cover plate includes a main body part and a fixing part, and a concave part communicating with the outside is provided on the fixing part, and the concave part is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing part facing the electrode assembly toward the direction away from the electrode assembly , the breathable member is arranged to cover the recess, and the breathable member can discharge the gas to the outside of the casing when the gas pressure inside the battery cell reaches a threshold value, so as to meet the exhaust demand.
  • the bottom wall of the concave part is provided with a protrusion extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly, and the protrusion is attached to the air-permeable member to provide support to the side of the air-permeable member away from the electrode assembly in the thickness direction, so as to limit the ventilation of the air-permeable member in the battery.
  • the deformation along the thickness direction of the wall portion under the action of the gas inside the monomer slows down the aging of the air-permeable component.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the above-mentioned battery cells.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a battery cell, including:
  • a cover assembly is provided, and the cover assembly is sealed on the opening to form a battery cell, the cover assembly includes a cover plate and a ventilating member, the wall portion of the cover plate includes a main body portion and a fixing member; the fixing The part is provided with a concave part communicating with the outside, the concave part is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing part facing the electrode assembly toward the direction away from the electrode assembly, the gas-permeable member covers the concave part, and the gas-permeable member uses When the gas pressure inside the battery cell reaches a threshold value, the gas is discharged to the outside of the battery cell through the recess; wherein, the bottom wall of the recess is provided with a a protrusion configured to be attached to the air-permeable member to limit deformation of the air-permeable member in a thickness direction of the wall portion.
  • the present application provides a device for preparing a battery cell, including:
  • a first assembly device configured to provide a housing having an opening
  • a second assembly device configured to provide an electrode assembly, and pack the electrode assembly into the housing
  • the third assembly device is configured to provide a cover assembly, and seal the cover assembly on the opening to form a battery cell
  • the cover assembly includes a cover plate and a ventilating member
  • the wall portion of the cover plate includes a main body part and a fixing part
  • the fixing part is provided with a concave part communicating with the outside, and the concave part is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing part facing the electrode assembly in a direction away from the electrode assembly, and the gas-permeable member covers the The recess
  • the breathable member is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the battery cell through the recess when the gas pressure inside the battery cell reaches a threshold value
  • the bottom wall of the recess is provided with A protrusion extending toward the electrode assembly, the protrusion being configured to be attached to the air-permeable member to limit deformation of the air-permeable member in a thickness direction of the wall portion.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view along the A-A direction in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of place B in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded view of a partial structure of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to some further embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • 212-Fixer 212a-Connection; 212b-Installation; 2121-Concave; 2121a-Bottom; 2121b-Inner peripheral wall; 2122-Protrusion; -peripheral wall; 2123-first through hole; 2124-accommodating cavity; 2125-gap;
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the applicant has found that it is possible to provide support on the side of the gas-permeable member away from the electrode assembly to resist the force on the gas-permeable member during the gas discharge process.
  • the deformation of the ventilating member is reduced, and the aging of the ventilating member is alleviated.
  • the inventor in order to alleviate the problem of deformation and aging of the ventilating member during the use of the battery cell, the inventor has conducted in-depth research and designed a battery cell that provides support for the ventilating member to reduce the deformation of the ventilating member and ensure Safety performance of battery cells.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power system composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application can be used to form the electrical device, which is beneficial to alleviate the deformation of the ventilating member, alleviate the aging of the ventilating member, and improve the stability of battery performance and battery life.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a cover assembly 21 , a casing 22 , an electrode assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover assembly 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the cover assembly 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover assembly 21 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the cover assembly 21 may include functional components such as electrode terminals 21a, a cover plate 21b, and the like.
  • the electrode terminal 21 a can be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the cover assembly 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the cover assembly 21 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator 24 can be provided inside the cover assembly 21 , and the insulator 24 can be used to isolate the electrode assembly 23 in the housing 22 from the cover assembly 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member 24 may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 22 and the cover assembly 21 jointly form the shell of the battery cell 100, and the casing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the cover assembly 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23. Electrolyte and other components.
  • the casing 22 and the cover assembly 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the casing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by covering the opening with the cover assembly 21 .
  • the cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing.
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a part where an electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 100 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the case 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute the tab 231 .
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab 231 is connected to the electrode terminal 21a to form a current loop.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view along the direction A-A in FIG. 4
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view at B in Fig. 5 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20, including a casing, an electrode assembly 23, and a ventilation member 25.
  • a battery cell 20 including a casing, an electrode assembly 23, and a ventilation member 25.
  • the venting member 25 covers the concave portion 2121 , and the venting member 25 is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the casing through the concave portion 2121 when the gas pressure inside the casing reaches a threshold value.
  • the bottom wall 2121a of the concave portion 2121 is provided with a protruding portion 2122 extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly 23, and the protruding portion 2122 is configured to be attached to the air-permeable member 25 to restrict the air-permeable member 25 along the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210. deformation.
  • the housing has a housing 22 and a cover assembly 21, the housing 22 has an opening, the cover assembly 21 is arranged to close the opening, and the wall 210 of one of the housing 22 and the cover assembly 21 includes a fixing member 212, which may be the wall of the housing 22 Including the fixing piece 212 , the wall portion of the cover assembly 21 may also include the fixing piece 212 .
  • the wall portion 210 is a part of the side wall of the casing for enclosing the internal environment.
  • the fixing member 212 may be of a regular geometric shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon, and of course may also be of an irregular geometric shape.
  • the fixing member 212 includes a portion through which gas can pass, so that the gas inside the battery cell 20 passes through and is discharged from the battery cell 20 .
  • the main body part 211 is the part of the wall part 210 except the fixing part 212, and the main body part 211 and the fixing part 212 can be an integral structure or a separate structure.
  • the concave portion 2121 is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing member 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 toward the direction away from the electrode assembly 23.
  • the concave portion 2121 has a bottom wall 2121a and an inner peripheral wall 2121b. In the thickness direction X, the thickness of the bottom wall 2121a is smaller than that of the wall portion 210. Thickness, the bottom wall 2121a and the inner peripheral wall 2121b surround to form a concave cavity, and the protruding part 2122 is located in the concave cavity.
  • the fact that the recess 2121 communicates with the outside means that the recess 2121 communicates with parts other than the casing of the battery cell 20 .
  • the protrusion 2122 is a protrusion extending from the bottom wall 2121 a of the recess 2121 toward the electrode assembly 23 , and the protrusion 2122 protrudes from the bottom wall 2121 a of the recess 2121 in the thickness direction X.
  • the orthographic projection of the air-permeable member 25 in the thickness direction X covers the recess 2121 , so that the fluid needs to pass through the air-permeable member 25 when circulating in the recess 2121 .
  • the air-permeable member 25 can allow the gas inside the battery cell 20 to flow to the outside, and can block moisture and the like outside the battery cell 20 from entering the inside of the battery cell 20 .
  • the protruding part 2122 and the air-permeable member 25 can only be in contact with each other but not connected.
  • the protruding part 2122 can also be in contact with the air-permeable member 25 and connected, for example, chemical bond connection, adhesive connection, etc. can be used.
  • the side of the ventilation member 25 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 provides support.
  • the wall part 210 of the housing can be made to include a main body part 211 and a fixing part 212.
  • the fixing part 212 is provided with a concave part 2121 communicating with the outside, and the concave part 2121 faces the inside of the electrode assembly 23 from the fixing part 212.
  • the surface is recessed toward the direction away from the electrode assembly 23, and the venting member 25 covers the recess 2121, and the venting member 25 can discharge the gas to the outside of the housing when the gas pressure inside the housing reaches a threshold value, meeting the exhaust requirements.
  • the bottom wall 2121a of the concave portion 2121 is provided with a protruding portion 2122 extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly 23, and the protruding portion 2122 is attached to the air-permeable member 25, and can be directed to the side of the air-permeable member 25 that is away from the electrode assembly 23 in the thickness direction X.
  • the support is provided to limit the deformation of the air-permeable member 25 along the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 under the action of the gas inside the battery cell 20 , so as to slow down the aging of the air-permeable member 25 .
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a partial structure of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protrusion 2122 An accommodating chamber 2124 communicating with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall 2122c of the recessed part 2121 and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the recessed part 2121.
  • the bottom wall 2121a of the recessed part 2121 is provided with a first through hole 2123, and the first through hole 2123 is configured to pass through the receiving chamber 2124 and the battery.
  • the inner space of the cell 20 is gas-communicated.
  • the wall surface of the protruding part 2122 facing the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the concave part 2121 is the outer peripheral wall 2122c of the protruding part 2122, and the outer peripheral wall 2122c of the protruding part 2122 and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the concave part 2121 are both annular surfaces, which can be annular surfaces , can also be a polygonal annular surface, and the shapes of the two can be the same, for example, the outer peripheral wall 2122c of the protruding part 2122 and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the concave part 2121 can be circular.
  • one of the outer peripheral wall 2122c of the protruding portion 2122 and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the concave portion 2121 can be a circular ring surface and the other can be a polygonal ring surface.
  • the first through hole 2123 runs through the bottom wall 2121a of the concave portion 2121 in the thickness direction X, and the first through hole 2123 communicates with the receiving cavity 2124, and the gas inside the battery cell 20 can enter the receiving cavity 2124 through the ventilation member 25 and be discharged by the first through hole 2123.
  • the through hole 2123 is discharged to the outside of the battery cell 20 .
  • the shape of the first through hole 2123 is not specifically limited, and may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a polygonal hole or a gas-shaped hole, as long as the gas discharge requirement can be met.
  • first through holes 2123 there are multiple first through holes 2123, and the multiple first through holes 2123 are distributed at intervals.
  • the number of the first through holes 2123 can be two, three or even more.
  • the plurality of first through holes 2123 can be arranged regularly or irregularly.
  • the distance between two adjacent first through holes 2123 may be equal, or may not be equal.
  • the shapes and sizes of the first through holes 2123 may be the same or different.
  • the exhaust rate can be ensured, and the safety performance of the battery cell 20 can be improved.
  • a plurality of first through holes 2123 are arranged at intervals and evenly. Ensure the uniformity of exhaust.
  • at least some of the first through holes 2123 in the plurality of first through holes 2123 may be spaced and evenly distributed along a circular trajectory.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protrusion 2122 includes a first protrusion 2122a, and an accommodating cavity 2124 communicating with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first protrusion 2122a and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the recess 2121.
  • the first protrusion 2122a may be a columnar body, and of course it may also be a ring-shaped body, and the air-permeable member 25 is attached to the surface of the first protrusion 2122a facing the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the gas inside the battery cell 20 enters the cavity 2124 formed between the first protrusion 2122 a and the inner peripheral wall 2121 b of the recess 2121 through the ventilation member 25 , and then is discharged to the outside of the battery cell 20 through the first through hole 2123 .
  • the protrusion 2122 can be attached to the ventilation member 25 through the first protrusion 2122a, and the gas in the battery cell 20 can be discharged through the accommodation cavity 2124 formed between the first protrusion 2122a and the recess 2121.
  • Deformation of the ventilation member 25 in the thickness direction X can be restricted on the basis of satisfying exhaust requirements.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell 20 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the protrusion 2122 includes a first protrusion 2122a and a second protrusion 2122b, the second protrusion 2122b surrounds the first protrusion 2122a and is spaced from the first protrusion 2122a,
  • An accommodating cavity 2124 communicating with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first protrusion 2122a and the inner peripheral wall of the second protrusion 2122b, and an accommodating cavity 2124 communicating with the outside is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the second protrusion 2122b and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the recess 2121.
  • Accommodating cavity 2124 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the second protrusion 2122b and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the recess 2121.
  • the first protrusion 2122a can be a column or a ring
  • the second protrusion 2122b can be a ring
  • the ventilation member 25 is attached to the first protrusion 2122a and the second protrusion 2122b facing the electrode assembly 23. surface.
  • the area of the bottom wall 2121a of the recess 2121 between the outer peripheral wall of the first protrusion 2122a and the inner peripheral wall of the second protrusion 2122b, and the area between the outer peripheral wall of the second protrusion 2122b and the inner peripheral wall 2121b of the recess 2121 are both A first through hole 2123 is provided.
  • the protrusion 2122 can be attached to the air-permeable member 25 through the first protrusion 2122a and the second protrusion 2122b at the same time, effectively restricting the deformation of the air-permeable member 25 in the thickness direction X.
  • the gas in the battery cell 20 can be discharged through the accommodation cavity 2124 between the first protrusion 2122a and the second protrusion 2122b and the accommodation cavity 2124 between the second protrusion 2122b and the recess 2121, ensuring that the battery cell 20 exhaust gas requirements, and improve the safety performance of the battery cell 20.
  • each accommodating cavity 2124 is an annular cavity, and the number of first through holes 2123 communicating with each accommodating cavity 2124 is multiple and distributed at intervals along the circular trajectory of the annular cavity. To facilitate the discharge of gas.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell 20 according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the number of the second protrusions 2122b is more than two, and the more than two second protrusions 2122b are spaced apart and arranged coaxially.
  • An accommodating cavity 2124 communicating with the outside.
  • the number of second protrusions 2122b can be two, three or even more, the second protrusions 2122b are ring-shaped, and more than two second protrusions 2122b are distributed at intervals in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction X, The axial direction of each second protrusion 2122b is parallel to the thickness direction X.
  • the bottom wall 2121a of the concave portion 2121 is provided with a first through hole 2123 in a region between two adjacent second protrusions 2122b.
  • each second protrusion 2122b can be attached to the air-permeable member 25, increasing the attachment area between the protrusion 2122 and the air-permeable member 25, and reducing the deformation probability of the air-permeable member 25 in the thickness direction X.
  • the fixing member 212 includes a second through hole 2111, the second through hole 2111 is used to accommodate the fixing member 212, and the fixing member 212 is used to connect the ventilation The member 25 and the main body part 211.
  • the fixing part 212 and the main body part 211 can be arranged separately, and the fixing part 212 can be completely located in the second through hole 2111 of the main part 211 , or at least partially protrude from the main part 211 in the thickness direction X.
  • the connection between the fixing member 212 and the main body 211 may be fixed or detachable.
  • the ventilation member 25 is connected to the main body part 211 through the fixing part 212 .
  • the fixing part 212 and the main body part 211 can be arranged separately, which facilitates the formation of structures such as the concave part 2121 and the protruding part 2122 of the fixing part 212 .
  • the second through hole 2111 includes a first hole segment 2111a and a second hole segment 2111b in its axial direction, and the radial dimension of the first hole segment 2111a is larger than that of the second hole segment 2111b
  • a transition surface 2111c is connected between the first hole section 2111a and the second hole section 2111b, and the transition surface 2111c is used to support the fixing member 212, wherein the axial direction is parallel to the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210.
  • the second through hole 2111 may be a stepped hole as a whole.
  • the size ratio of the first hole segment 2111a and the second hole segment 2111b in the axial direction is not specifically limited, and the shape of the orthographic projection of the first hole segment 2111a and the second hole segment 2111b in the axial direction can be the same, for example, both can be Circular or polygonal, of course, in some examples, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first hole segment 2111a and the second hole segment 2111b in the axial direction can also be different, for example, the orthographic projection of one can be a circle, and the shape of the other can be A circle can be a polygon.
  • the entire second through hole 2111 communicates with the interior of the battery cell 20 in the thickness direction X.
  • the radial direction Y is the extension direction of the diameter of the circular orthographic projection.
  • the radial direction Y is a direction perpendicular to the axial direction
  • the Y direction may be, for example, the extending direction of the line connecting the center of the orthographic projection of the second through hole 2111 in the thickness direction X and a point on the outer contour line of the orthographic projection.
  • the second through hole 2111 is in the form of a stepped hole, which can support the fixing part 212 through the transition surface 2111c, and limit the fixing part 212, so as to facilitate the installation and connection between the fixing part 212 and the main body part 211.
  • the second hole section 2111b is located between the first hole section 2111a and the electrode assembly 23, and in the axial direction, the surface of the fixing member 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 abuts against the transition surface 2111c .
  • the surface of the fixing member 212 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 may partially protrude from the first hole segment 2111a, and of course it may also be located in the first hole segment 2111a. When located in the first hole segment 2111a, the occupied space of the battery cell 20 can be reduced. , to increase its capacity density.
  • the surface of the fixing member 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 may only be in contact with the transition surface 2111c, and the transition surface 2111c provides support to the fixing member 212 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the surface of the fixing member 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 may be in contact with and connected to the transition surface 2111c, as long as the connection requirements between the fixing member 212 and the main body 211 are ensured.
  • the transition surface 2111c can provide support for the surface of the fixing member 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 , ensuring the positioning requirement of the fixing member 212 and facilitating the connection between the fixing member 212 and the main body 211 .
  • FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell 20 according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the first hole segment 2111a is located between the second hole segment 2111b and the electrode assembly 23, and the surface of the fixing member 212 away from the electrode assembly 23 abuts against the transition surface 2111c, in the axial direction,
  • the orthographic projection of each first through hole 2123 is located inside the orthographic projection of the hole wall of the second hole section 2111b.
  • the surface of the fixing member 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 may partially protrude from the first hole segment 2111a, and of course may also be located in the first hole segment 2111a.
  • the surface of the fixing member 212 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 is in contact with the fixing surface, and the supporting surface provides support to the fixing member 212 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the surface of the fixing member 212 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 may only be in contact with and connected to the transition surface 2111c, as long as the connection requirements between the fixing member 212 and the main body portion 211 are ensured.
  • the orthographic projection of the hole wall of the second hole section 2111b in the axial direction is annular, and the orthographic projection of each first through hole 2123 is located inside the annular orthographic projection of the second hole section 2111b.
  • the transition surface 2111c can provide support for the surface of the fixing member 212 facing away from the electrode assembly 23, ensuring the positioning requirements of the fixing member 212, and at the same time, the orthographic projection of each first through hole 2123 is located in the hole of the second hole segment 2111b Inside the orthographic projection of the wall, the transition surface 2111c can prevent the first through hole 2123 from being blocked, ensuring smooth exhaust of the battery cells 20 .
  • the first hole segment 2111a is located between the second hole segment 2111b and the electrode assembly 23, the surface of the fixing member 212 away from the electrode assembly 23 abuts against the transition surface 2111c
  • the second through hole 2111 also includes a third hole segment 2111d
  • the third hole segment 2111d is formed by extending from the transition surface 2111c along the axial direction away from the first hole segment 2111a
  • the radial dimension of the third hole segment 2111d is smaller than that of the first hole segment
  • the radial dimension of 2111a is greater than the radial Y dimension of the second hole segment 2111b.
  • the orthographic projection of each first through hole 2123 is located inside the orthographic projection of the hole wall of the third hole section 2111d.
  • the transition surface 2111c can provide support for the surface of the fixing member 212 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 , ensuring the positioning requirement of the fixing member 212 .
  • the setting of the third hole section 2111d prevents the transition surface 2111c from blocking the first through hole 2123 when the radial dimension of the second hole section 2111b is small, ensuring smooth exhaust of the battery cell 20 .
  • the fixing member 212 includes a connecting portion 212a and a mounting portion 212b, the connecting portion 212a is connected to and protrudes from the outer side wall of the mounting portion 212b, and the connecting portion 212a is used for connecting the main body part 211, and the mounting part 212b is used for connecting the ventilation member 25.
  • the mounting portion 212b may be columnar, and in the thickness direction X, the lengths of the mounting portion 212b and the fixing portion may be the same or different. One end of the mounting portion 212b and the connection portion 212a in the thickness direction X may be flush with each other.
  • the fixing part 212 adopts the above-mentioned structural form, which can facilitate the installation of the ventilation member 25 and at the same time ensure the connection requirement with the main body part 211 .
  • connection part 212a is welded to the main body part 211, and along the thickness direction X, the installation part 212b protrudes from the connection part 212a toward the side where the electrode assembly 23 is located, and the ventilation member 25 is connected to the installation The portion 212b faces the end surface of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the welding position between the connecting portion 212a and the main body portion 211 can be set according to requirements, and in some optional examples, one end of the connecting portion 212a in the thickness direction X can be welded to the main body portion 211 .
  • the length dimension of the installation part 212b in the thickness direction X is greater than the length dimension of the connection part 212a in the thickness direction X, and the ventilation member 25 is connected to the end surface of the installation part 212b facing the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the connecting portion 212a and the main body portion 211 are connected by welding to ensure the connection strength between the two.
  • the installation part 212b protrudes from the connection part 212a to the side where the electrode assembly 23 is located, and the air-permeable member 25 is connected to the end surface of the installation part 212b facing the electrode assembly 23, which can increase the welding of the air-permeable member 25, the connection part 212a and the main body part 211.
  • the distance between the positions prevents the heat generated when the connecting portion 212a and the main body portion 211 are welded and connected to damage the air-permeable member 25 or affect the connection strength between the air-permeable member 25 and the mounting portion 212b.
  • a gap 2125 is formed between the outer wall of the mounting portion 212b and the wall of the second through hole 2111, so that the ventilation member 25 is spaced from the wall of the second through hole 2111 .
  • a gap 2125 is formed between the outer wall of the mounting portion 212b and the wall of the second through hole 2111, and the air-permeable member 25 is attached to the mounting portion 212b and the edge does not exceed the mounting portion 212b
  • the outer side wall of the second through hole 2111 also forms a gap between the ventilation member 25 and the hole wall of the second through hole 2111 .
  • the heat between the connecting part 212a and the main body part 211 will not be transferred from the main part 211 to the air-permeable member 25 during the welding connection, so as to avoid damaging the air-permeable member 25 or affecting the connection between the air-permeable member 25 and the installation part 212b connection strength.
  • FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell 20 according to some other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 14 is a partial structural diagram of a battery cell 20 according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • a support 26 is disposed in the accommodation chamber 2124 , and the support 26 is used to support the ventilation member 25 , and the gas can flow through the support 26 and be discharged through the first through hole 2123 .
  • the support member 26 has a certain hardness and can support the breathable member 25, and the support member 26 has air permeability, so that the gas entering the accommodating cavity 2124 in the battery cell 20 will not be blocked by the support member 26 and can be smoothly discharged to the battery.
  • the exterior of the monomer 20 The exterior of the monomer 20.
  • the support piece 26 can further provide support for the air-permeable member 25 and limit the deformation of the air-permeable member 25 in the thickness direction X.
  • the support member 26 is connected with the wall surface surrounding the receiving chamber 2124 through a chemical bond.
  • connection strength between the support member 26 and the wall surrounding the accommodation chamber 2124 can be ensured, and the separation of the support member 26 and the wall surface of the accommodation chamber 2124 can be prevented from affecting the air-permeable member 25 .
  • the air-permeable member 25 is connected to the end surface of the protrusion 2122 through a chemical bond.
  • connection strength between the ventilation member 25 and the protruding portion 2122 can be ensured, and the impact on the performance of the ventilation member 25 can be reduced, and the safety performance of the battery cell 20 can be improved while satisfying exhaust requirements.
  • one of the housing 22 and the cover assembly 21 includes a wall portion 210 .
  • the housing 22 may include the wall portion 210
  • the cover assembly 21 may also include the wall portion 210 .
  • the cover assembly 21 can be used as an integral part of the battery cell 20, or can be produced and sold as an independent component.
  • FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell 20 according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the cover assembly 21 includes a wall portion 210
  • the battery cell 20 further includes an insulator 24, the insulator 24 is used to separate the cover assembly 21 from the electrode assembly 23, and the insulator 24 is provided with
  • the third through hole 241 is used to communicate with the concave portion 2121 .
  • the fixing member 212 is disposed on the wall portion 210 included in the cover assembly 21, the battery cell 20 is located between the cover assembly 21 and the electrode assembly 23, and the number of the third through holes 241 on the insulating member 24 is not specifically limited, and may be One, or multiple. The number thereof may be the same as that of the first through holes 2123 , or it may also be different. In the thickness direction X, the orthographic projection of the third through hole 241 and the orthographic projection of the first through hole 2123 may overlap, partially overlap or be staggered.
  • the fixing member 212 can be arranged on the cover assembly 21, so that the cover assembly 21 has an exhaust function.
  • the arrangement of the insulator 24 can avoid contact short circuit between the electrode assembly 23 and the cover assembly 21 and improve the safety performance of the battery cell 20 .
  • the number of the third through holes 241 can be two, three or even more.
  • the plurality of third through holes 241 can be arranged regularly or irregularly.
  • the distance between two adjacent third through holes 241 may be equal, or may not be equal.
  • the shapes and sizes of the third through holes 241 may be the same or different.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a battery cell 20, which includes:
  • the cover assembly 21 includes a cover plate 21b and a ventilation member 25, and the wall portion 210 of the cover plate 21b includes a main body portion 211 and a fixing member 212
  • the fixing part 212 is provided with a concave part 2121 communicating with the outside, and the concave part 2121 is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing part 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 toward the direction away from the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the venting member 25 covers the recess 2121 , and the venting member 25 is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the battery cell 20 through the recess 2121 when the gas pressure inside the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the bottom wall 2121a of the concave portion 2121 is provided with a protruding portion 2122 extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly 23, and the protruding portion 2122 is configured to be attached to the air-permeable member 25 to restrict the air-permeable member 25 along the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210. deformation.
  • the method for preparing the battery cell 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to prepare the battery cell 20 provided in the above-mentioned embodiments, and the prepared battery cell 20 can be attached to the ventilation member 25 through the protrusion 2122, which can Provide support to the side of the air-permeable member 25 away from the electrode assembly 23 in the thickness direction X, so as to limit the deformation of the air-permeable member 25 along the thickness direction X of the wall part 210 under the action of the gas inside the battery cell 20, and slow down the deformation of the air-permeable member 25. Aging, with higher safety performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a device for preparing a battery cell 20, including:
  • a first assembly device configured to provide a housing 22 having an opening
  • the second assembly device is configured to provide the electrode assembly 23, and install the electrode assembly 23 into the casing 22;
  • the third assembly device is configured to provide a cover assembly 21, and cover the opening of the cover assembly 21 to form the battery cell 20.
  • the cover assembly 21 includes a cover plate 21b and a ventilating member 25, and the wall portion 210 of the cover plate 21b includes a main body part 211 and the fixing part 212, the fixing part 212 is provided with a concave part 2121 communicating with the outside, and the concave part 2121 is recessed from the inner surface of the fixing part 212 facing the electrode assembly 23 toward the direction away from the electrode assembly 23.
  • the venting member 25 covers the recess 2121 , and the venting member 25 is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the battery cell 20 through the recess 2121 when the gas pressure inside the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the bottom wall 2121a of the concave portion 2121 is provided with a protruding portion 2122 extending toward the direction of the electrode assembly 23, and the protruding portion 2122 is configured to be attached to the air-permeable member 25 to restrict the air-permeable member 25 along the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210. deformation.
  • the method for preparing the battery cell 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to prepare the battery cell 20 provided in the above-mentioned embodiments, and the prepared battery cell 20 can be attached to the ventilation member 25 through the protrusion 2122, which can Provide support to the side of the air-permeable member 25 away from the electrode assembly 23 in the thickness direction X, so as to limit the deformation of the air-permeable member 25 along the thickness direction X of the wall part 210 under the action of the gas inside the battery cell 20, and slow down the deformation of the air-permeable member 25. Aging, with higher safety performance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备，电池单体包括：电极组件；外壳，用于容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳的壁部包括主体部和固定件，所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置；透气构件，覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述外壳内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述外壳的外部；其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。本申请实施例能够缓解排气导致的电池安全问题。

Description

电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备。
背景技术
由于可充放电的电池单体具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。目前，电池单体的排气安全制约着电池单体发展，因此对电池单体安全性能的相关技术研究成为研究课题之一。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备，电池单体能够缓解排气导致的电池安全问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件、外壳以及透气构件。外壳用于容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳的壁部包括主体部和固定件，所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置。透气构件覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述外壳内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述外壳的外部。其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，外壳的壁部包括主体部和固定件，在固定件设置有与外部连通的凹部，凹部由固定件面向电极组件的内表面朝背离电极组件的方向凹陷设置，透气构件覆盖凹部设置，通过透气构件能够在外壳内部的气体压力达到阈值时将气体排出至外壳的外部，满足排气需求。凹部的底壁设有朝电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，通过凸出部与透气构件附接，能够向透气构件在厚度方向上背离电极组件的一侧提供支撑，以限制透气构件在外壳内部气体的作用下沿壁部的厚度方向的变形，减缓透气构件的老化。
在一些实施例中，所述凸出部的外周壁与所述凹部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔，所述凹部的底壁设有第一通孔，所述第一通孔被配置为通过所述容纳腔与所述电池单体的内部空间气体连通。通过将凸出部的外周壁与凹部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔，并在凹部的底壁设有第一通孔，既能够保证电池单体内部的气体通过容纳腔以及第一通孔的排出需求，同时，能够利于凸出部的设置，使得凸出部能够与透气构件附接，限制透气构件在厚度方向的变形。
在一些实施例中，所述第一通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第一通孔间隔分布。通过使得第一通孔的数量为多个，能够保证排气速率，提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述凸出部包括第一凸起，所述第一凸起的外周壁与所述凹 部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔。通过上述设置，使得凸出部可以通过第一凸起与透气构件附接，电池单体内的气体可以通过第一凸起与凹部之间形成的容纳腔排出，在满足排气需求的基础上能够限制透气构件在厚度方向的变形。
在一些实施例中，所述凸出部包括第一凸起以及第二凸起，所述第二凸起环绕所述第一凸起并与所述第一凸起间隔设置，所述第一凸起的外周壁与所述第二凸起的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔，所述第二凸起的外周壁与所述凹部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔。通过上述设置，使得凸出部可以同时通过第一凸起以及第二凸起与透气构件附接，有效的限制透气构件在厚度方向上的变形，同时，电池单体内的气体可以通过第一凸起与第二凸起之间的容纳腔以及第二凸起与凹部之间的容纳腔排出，保证电池单体的排气需求，提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述第二凸起的数量为两个以上，两个以上所述第二凸起间隔且同轴设置，相邻两个所述第二凸起之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔。通过上述设置，使得每个第二凸起均可以与透气构件附接，增加凸出部与透气构件的附接面积，降低透气构件在厚度方向的变形概率。并且，第一凸起与第二凸起之间、第二凸起与第二凸起之间、第二凸起与凹部之间均形成有与外部连通的容纳腔，还能够提高排气速率，使得电池单体安全性更高。
在一些实施例中，所述固定件包括第二通孔，所述第二通孔用于容置所述固定件，所述固定件用于连接所述透气构件与所述主体部。通过上述设置，使得固定件与主体部之间能够分体设置，利于凹部以及凸出部等结构的成型。
在一些实施例中，所述第二通孔在自身轴向上包括第一孔段以及第二孔段，所述第一孔段的径向尺寸大于所述第二孔段的径向尺寸，所述第一孔段以及所述第二孔段之间连接有过渡面，所述过渡面用于支撑所述固定件，其中，所述轴向平行于所述壁部的厚度方向。第二通孔采用阶梯孔的形式，能够通过过渡面支撑固定件，对固定件进行限位，便于固定件与主体部之间的安装与连接。
在一些实施例中，所述第二孔段位于所述第一孔段和所述电极组件之间，在所述轴向上，所述固定件面向所述电极组件的表面抵接在所述过渡面。通过上述设置，使得过渡面能够对固定件面向电极组件的表面提供支撑，保证对固定件的定位需求，利于固定件与主体部之间的连接。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段位于所述第二孔段和所述电极组件之间，所述固定件背离所述电极组件的表面抵接在所述过渡面，在所述轴向，各所述第一通孔的正投影位于所述第二孔段的孔壁的正投影内部。通过上述设置，使得过渡面能够对固定件背离电极组件的表面提供支撑，保证固定件的定位需求，同时，将各第一通孔的正投影位于第二孔段的孔壁的正投影内部，能够避免过渡面将第一通孔封堵，保证电池单体排气的顺畅性。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔段位于所述第二孔段和所述电极组件之间，所述固定件背离所述电极组件的表面抵接在所述过渡面，所述第二通孔还包括第三孔段，所述第三孔段由所述过渡面起始沿所述轴向向背离所述第一孔段的一侧延伸形成，所述第三孔段的径向尺寸小于所述第一孔段的径向尺寸且大于所述第二孔段的径向尺寸；在所述轴向，各所述第一通孔的正投影位于所述第三孔段的孔壁的正投影内部。通过上述设置，使得过渡面能够对固定件背离电极组件的表面提供支撑，保证固定件的定位需求。同时，第三孔段的设置，使得当第二孔段的径向尺寸较小时能够避免过 渡面将第一通孔封堵，保证电池单体排气的顺畅性。
在一些实施例中，所述固定件包括连接部和安装部，所述连接部连接并凸出于所述安装部的外侧壁，所述连接部用于连接所述主体部，所述安装部用于连接所述透气构件。固定件采用上述结构形式，能够利于透气构件的安装，同时能够保证与主体部之间的连接需求。
在一些实施例中，所述连接部与所述主体部焊接连接，沿所述厚度方向，所述安装部向所述电极组件所在侧凸出于所述连接部设置，所述透气构件连接于所述安装部面向所述电极组件的端面。连接部与主体部采用焊接连接的方式能够保证二者之间的连接强度。而将安装部向电极组件所在侧凸出于连接部设置，透气构件连接于所述安装部面向电极组件的端面，能够增大透气构件和连接部与主体部彼此焊接位置之间的距离，避免连接部与主体部在焊接连接时产生的热量损坏透气构件或者影响透气构件与安装部之间的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，所述安装部的外侧壁与所述第二通孔的孔壁之间形成有间隙，以使所述透气构件与所述第二通孔的孔壁间隔设置。通过上述设置，使得连接部与主体部彼此之间在焊接连接时的热量不会由主体部传到至透气构件，避免损坏透气构件或者影响透气构件与安装部之间的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，所述容纳腔内设置有支撑件，所述支撑件用于支撑所述透气构件，所述气体能够流经所述支撑件并由所述第一通孔排出。通过在容纳腔内设置支撑件，利于支撑件能够进一步给透气构件提供支撑，限制透气构件在厚度方向的变形。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件与围合形成所述容纳腔的壁面通过化学键相连接。通过上述设置，能够保证支撑件与围合形成容纳腔的壁面之间的连接强度，避免支撑件与容纳腔的壁面分离对透气构件产生影响。
在一些实施例中，所述透气构件与所述凸出部的端面通过化学键连接。通过上述设置，能够保证透气构件与凸出部之间的连接强度，同时能够降低对透气构件性能的影响，在满足排气需求的基础上，能够提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述外壳具有壳体以及盖组件，所述壳体具有开口，所述盖组件封闭所述开口设置，所述壳体以及所述盖组件的一者包括所述壁部。通过上述设置，可以将固定件设置在壳体上，当然也可以设置在盖组件上，均可满足透气需求。
在一些实施例中，所述盖组件包括所述壁部，所述电池单体还包括绝缘件，所述绝缘件用于分隔所述盖组件与所述电极组件，所述绝缘件上设置有第三通孔，所述第三通孔用于与所述凹部连通。通过上述设置，可以将固定件设置在盖组件上，使得盖组件具有排气功能。同时，绝缘件的设置能够避免电极组件与盖组件之间接触短路，提高电池单体的安全性能，而相应设置的第三通孔可以利于电池单体内部气体的排出。
在一些实施例中，所述第三通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第三通孔彼此间隔设置。通过设置多个第三通孔，能够保证电池单体内气体排出速率，提高电池单体的安全性能。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种盖组件，用于电池单体，所述电池单体包括电极 组件，其中，所述盖组件包括盖板，所述盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件；所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置；透气构件，覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述电池单体内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述电池单体的外部；其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件，在固定件设置有与外部连通的凹部，凹部由固定件面向电极组件的内表面朝背离电极组件的方向凹陷设置，透气构件覆盖凹部设置，通过透气构件能够在电池单体内部的气体压力达到阈值时将气体排出至外壳的外部，满足排气需求。凹部的底壁设有朝电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，通过凸出部与透气构件附接，能够向透气构件在厚度方向上背离电极组件的一侧提供支撑，以限制透气构件在电池单体内部气体的作用下沿壁部的厚度方向的变形，减缓透气构件的老化。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其中，包括上述的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其中，包括上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种制备电池单体的方法，其中，包括：
提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体内；
提供盖组件，将所述盖组件封盖于所述开口，以成型电池单体，所述盖组件包括盖板以及透气构件，所述盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件；所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置，所述透气构件覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述电池单体内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述电池单体的外部；其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种制备电池单体的设备，其中，包括：
第一装配装置，被配置为提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
第二装配装置，被配置为提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体内；
第三装配装置，被配置为提供盖组件，将所述盖组件封盖于所述开口，以成型电池单体，所述盖组件包括盖板以及透气构件，所述盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件；所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部由所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置，所述透气构件覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述电池单体内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述电池单体的外部；其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手 段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的俯视图；
图5为图4中沿A-A方向的局部剖视图；
图6为图5中B处放大图；
图7为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构的分解图；
图8为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图；
图10为本申请又一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图；
图11为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体的局部剖视图；
图12为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体的局部剖视图；
图13为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体的局部剖视图；
图14为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图；
图15为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体的局部剖视图；
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的制备电池单体的方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1000-车辆；
100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；
10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；
20-电池单体；21-盖组件；21a-电极端子；21b-盖板；22-壳体；
210-壁部；
211-主体部；2111-第二通孔；2111a-第一孔段；2111b-第二孔段；2111c-过渡面；2111d-第三孔段；
212-固定件；212a-连接部；212b-安装部；2121-凹部；2121a-底壁；2121b-内周壁；2122-凸出部；2122a-第一凸起；2122b-第二凸起；2122c-外周壁；2123-第一通孔；2124-容纳腔；2125-间隙；
23-电极组件，231-极耳；24-绝缘件；241-第三通孔；25-透气构件；26-支撑件；
X-厚度方向；Y-径向。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本发明人注意到，电池在使用过程中，多次经历充放电循环，存在副反应，持续产生气体，使电池单体的内部存在一定的气压，随着气压的升高会导致极片之间的气体不能及时排除，从而影响锂离子的嵌入和脱出，进而导致析锂风险。为此，在电池单体的外壳上设置有透气构件，在防爆功能的基础上，实现缓慢渗透排气，从而降低电池单体内部气压，降低析锂风险。
发明人发现，当电池单体内的气压达到预设阈值时，气体会通过透气构件排出电池单体，气体在外排的过程中会作用于透气构件，使得透气构件容易变形，导致透气构件与外壳之间形成有间隙，电池单体内部的电解液容易附着在透气构件上，长期使用将导致透气构件溶胀，加速透气构件的老化，给电池单体带来安全隐患。
为了缓解透气构件在电池单体内部气体的作用下变形的问题，申请人研究发现，可以通过在透气构件背离电极组件的一侧提供支撑，以抵抗气体排出过程中对透气构件的作用力，以减小透气构件的变形，缓解透气构件的老化。
基于以上考虑，为了缓解电池单体在使用过程中透气构件形变老化的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，通过给透气构件提供支撑，以减小透气构件的变形，保证电池单体的安全性能。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于缓解透气构件变形，缓解透气构件老化，提升电池性能的稳定性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和 第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间。第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有盖组件21、壳体22、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，盖组件21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖组件21上可以包括有如电极端子21a、盖板21b等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，盖组件21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。盖组件21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在盖组件21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件24，绝缘件24可以用于隔离壳体22内的电极组件23与盖组件21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件24可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22与盖组件21共同形成电池单体100的外壳，壳体22是用于配合盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使盖组件21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体100中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳231。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳231连接电极端子21a以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图3，并请进一步参照图4至图6，图4为本申请一些实施例的电池单体20的俯视图，图5为图4中沿A-A方向的局部剖视图，图6为图5中B处放大图。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，包括外壳、电极组件23以及透气构件25，外壳用于容纳电极组件23，外壳的壁部210包括主体部211和固定件212，固定件212设有与外部连通的凹部2121，凹部2121从固定件212面向电极组件23的内表面朝背离电极组件23的方向凹陷设置。透气构件25覆盖凹部2121，透气构件25用于在外壳内部的气体压力达到阈值时将气体经凹部2121排出至外壳的外部。其中，凹部2121的底壁2121a设有朝电极组件23的方向延伸的凸出部2122，凸出部2122被配置为与透气构件25附接，以限制透气构件25沿壁部210的厚度方向X的变形。
外壳具有壳体22以及盖组件21，壳体22具有开口，盖组件21封闭开口设置，壳体22以及盖组件21的一者的壁部210包括固定件212，可以是壳体22的壁部包括固定件212，也可以是盖组件21的壁部包括固定件212。在壳体22的开口处使盖组件21盖合以形成电池单体20的内部环境，用于容纳电极组件23，壁部210为外壳用于围合形成内部环境的侧壁的一部分。
固定件212可以为规则的几何形状，例如圆形、椭圆形或者多边形等，当然也可以是不规则的几何形状。固定件212包括能够供气体穿过的部分，使得电池单体20内部的气体穿过并排出电池单体20。
主体部211为壁部210除固定件212以外的部分，主体部211与固定件212二者可以为一体式结构，也可以为分体式结构。
凹部2121由固定件212面向电极组件23的内表面朝背离电极组件23的方向凹陷设置，凹部2121具有底壁2121a与内周壁2121b，在厚度方向X上，底壁2121a的厚度小于壁部210的厚度，底壁2121a跟内周壁2121b围合形成有凹腔，凸出部2122位于凹腔内。
凹部2121与外部连通是指凹部2121与电池单体20的外壳以外的部分连通。
凸出部2122是由凹部2121的底壁2121a起始朝电极组件23的方向延伸的凸起，凸出部2122在厚度方向X上凸出于凹部2121的底壁2121a。
透气构件25在厚度方向X的正投影覆盖凹部2121，使得流体在凹部2121流通时需要经过透气构件25。透气构件25能够使得电池单体20内部的气体流通至外部，且能够阻隔电池单体20外部的水汽等进入电池单体20的内部。
凸出部2122与透气构件25可以仅是相互接触但不连接，当然，凸出部2122也可以与透气构件25接触并连接，例如可以采用化学键连接、粘接连接等，通过凸出 部2122给透气构件25背离电极组件23的一侧提供支撑。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，可以使得外壳的壁部210包括主体部211和固定件212，在固定件212设置有与外部连通的凹部2121，凹部2121由固定件212面向电极组件23的内表面朝背离电极组件23的方向凹陷设置，透气构件25覆盖凹部2121，通过透气构件25能够在外壳内部的气体压力达到阈值时将气体排出至外壳的外部，满足排气需求。凹部2121的底壁2121a设有朝电极组件23的方向延伸的凸出部2122，通过凸出部2122与透气构件25附接，能够向透气构件25在厚度方向X上背离电极组件23的一侧提供支撑，以限制透气构件25在电池单体20内部气体的作用下沿壁部210的厚度方向X的变形，减缓透气构件25的老化。
参照图3至图6，并请进一步参照图7，图7为本申请一些实施例的电池单体20的局部结构的分解图，根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，凸出部2122的外周壁2122c与凹部2121的内周壁2121b之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔2124，凹部2121的底壁2121a设有第一通孔2123，第一通孔2123被配置为通过容纳腔2124与电池单体20的内部空间气体连通。
凸出部2122面向凹部2121的内周壁2121b设置的壁面为凸出部2122的外周壁2122c，凸出部2122的外周壁2122c以及凹部2121的内周壁2121b均为环形面，可以为圆环形面，也可以为多边形环形面，二者的形状可以相同，例如可以使得凸出部2122的外周壁2122c以及凹部2121的内周壁2121b均为圆环形。当然也可以不同，例如可以使得凸出部2122的外周壁2122c以及凹部2121的内周壁2121b的一者为圆环形面且另一者为多边形环形面。第一通孔2123在厚度方向X上贯穿凹部2121的底壁2121a，第一通孔2123与容纳腔2124连通，电池单体20内部的气体可以穿过透气构件25进入容纳腔2124并由第一通孔2123排出至电池单体20外部。第一通孔2123的形状不做具体限定，可以为圆形孔、椭圆形孔、多边形孔或者气体异形孔，只要能够满足气体的排放需求均可。
通过将凸出部2122的外周壁2122c与凹部2121的内周壁2121b之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔2124，并在凹部2121的底壁2121a设有第一通孔2123，既能够保证电池单体20内部的气体通过容纳腔2124以及第一通孔2123的排出需求，同时，能够利于凸出部2122的设置，使得凸出部2122能够与透气构件25附接，限制透气构件25在厚度方向X的变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一通孔2123的数量为多个，多个第一通孔2123间隔分布。
第一通孔2123的数量可以两个、三个甚至更多个。多个第一通孔2123可以规律排布，也可以非规律排布。相邻两个第一通孔2123之间的距离可以相等，当然也可以不相等。各第一通孔2123的形状、尺寸可以相同，也可以不相同。
通过使得第一通孔2123的数量为多个，能够保证排气速率，提高电池单体20的安全性能。
可选地，多个第一通孔2123间隔且均匀设置。保证排气的均匀性。可选地，多个第一通孔2123中至少部分第一通孔2123可沿着圆形轨迹间隔且均匀分布。
参照图3至图7，并请进一步参照图8，图8为本申请一些实施例的电池单体20的局部结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，凸出部2122包括第一 凸起2122a，第一凸起2122a的外周壁与凹部2121的内周壁2121b之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔2124。
第一凸起2122a可以为柱状体，当然也可以为环状体，透气构件25附接在第一凸起2122a面向电极组件23的表面。电池单体20内部的气体经由透气构件25进入第一凸起2122a与凹部2121的内周壁2121b之间形成的容纳腔2124，然后由第一通孔2123排出至电池单体20的外部。
通过上述设置，使得凸出部2122可以通过第一凸起2122a与透气构件25附接，电池单体20内的气体可以通过第一凸起2122a与凹部2121之间形成的容纳腔2124排出，在满足排气需求的基础上能够限制透气构件25在厚度方向X的变形。
参照图9所示，图9为本申请另一些实施例的电池单体20的局部结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，凸出部2122包括第一凸起2122a以及第二凸起2122b，第二凸起2122b环绕第一凸起2122a并与第一凸起2122a间隔设置，第一凸起2122a的外周壁与第二凸起2122b的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔2124，第二凸起2122b的外周壁与凹部2121的内周壁2121b之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔2124。
第一凸起2122a可以为柱状体，也可以为环状体，第二凸起2122b可以为环状体，透气构件25附接在第一凸起2122a以及第二凸起2122b面向电极组件23的表面。凹部2121的底壁2121a在第一凸起2122a的外周壁与第二凸起2122b的内周壁之间的区域、在第二凸起2122b的外周壁与凹部2121的内周壁2121b之间的区域均设置有第一通孔2123。
通过上述设置，使得凸出部2122可以同时通过第一凸起2122a以及第二凸起2122b与透气构件25附接，有效的限制透气构件25在厚度方向X上的变形。同时，电池单体20内的气体可以通过第一凸起2122a与第二凸起2122b之间的容纳腔2124以及第二凸起2122b与凹部2121之间的容纳腔2124排出，保证电池单体20的排气需求，提高电池单体20的安全性能。
可选地，各容纳腔2124均为环形腔，与每个容纳腔2124连通的第一通孔2123的数量为多个且沿着环形腔的环形轨迹间隔分布。以利于气体的排出。
参照图10所示，图10为本申请又一些实施例的电池单体20的局部结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第二凸起2122b的数量为两个以上，两个以上第二凸起2122b间隔且同轴设置，相邻两个第二凸起2122b之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔2124。
第二凸起2122b的数量可以为两个、三个甚至更多个，第二凸起2122b为环状体，两个以上第二凸起2122b在与厚度方向X相垂直的方向上间隔分布，各第二凸起2122b的轴向平行于厚度方向X。凹部2121的底壁2121a在相邻两个第二凸起2122b之间的区域设置有第一通孔2123。
通过上述设置，使得每个第二凸起2122b均可以与透气构件25附接，增加凸出部2122与透气构件25的附接面积，降低透气构件25在厚度方向X的变形概率。并且，第一凸起2122a与第二凸起2122b之间、第二凸起2122b与第二凸起2122b之间、第二凸起2122b与凹部2121之间均形成有与外部连通的容纳腔2124，还能够提高排气速率，使得电池单体20安全性更高。
继续参照图3至图10，根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，固定件212包括第二通孔2111，第二通孔2111用于容置固定件212，固定件212用于连接透气构件25与主体部211。
固定件212与主体部211可以分体设置，固定件212可以完全位于主体部211的第二通孔2111内，也可以在厚度方向X上至少部分凸出于主体部211设置。固定件212与主体部211之间可以采用固定连接的方式连接，也可以采用可拆卸连接的方式连接。透气构件25通过固定件212与主体部211连接。
通过上述设置，使得固定件212与主体部211之间能够分体设置，利于固定件212的凹部2121以及凸出部2122等结构的成型。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第二通孔2111在自身轴向上包括第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b，第一孔段2111a的径向尺寸大于第二孔段2111b的径向尺寸，第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b之间连接有过渡面2111c，过渡面2111c用于支撑固定件212，其中，轴向平行于壁部210的厚度方向X。
第二通孔2111整体可以呈阶梯孔。第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b在轴向上的尺寸比例不做具体限制，第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b在轴向上的正投影的形状可以相同，例如均可以为圆形或者多边形，当然，在有些示例中，第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b在轴向上的正投影形状也可以不同，例如一者的正投影可以为圆形，另一者的圆形可以为多边形。第二通孔2111整体在厚度方向X与电池单体20的内部连通。
当第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b在轴向上的正投影均为圆形时，其径向Y则为圆形正投影直径的延伸方向。
当第一孔段2111a以及第二孔段2111b中至少一者在轴向上的正投影非圆形时，例如正投影为多边形时，其径向Y则为与轴向相垂直的方向，径向Y例如可以为：由第二通孔2111在厚度方向X的正投影的中心与正投影的外轮廓线上一点之间的连线的延伸方向。
第二通孔2111采用阶梯孔的形式，能够通过过渡面2111c支撑固定件212，对固定件212进行限位，便于固定件212与主体部211之间的安装与连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第二孔段2111b位于第一孔段2111a和电极组件23之间，在轴向上，固定件212面向电极组件23的表面抵接在过渡面2111c。
固定件212背离电极组件23的表面可以部分凸出于第一孔段2111a，当然也可以位于第一孔段2111a内，当位于第一孔段2111a内部时能够减小电池单体20的占用空间，提高其能力密度。
固定件212面向电极组件23的表面可以仅与过渡面2111c接触，通过过渡面2111c向背离电极组件23的方向向固定件212提供支撑。当然，固定件212面向电极组件23的表面可以与过渡面2111c接触并连接，只要保证固定件212与主体部211之间的连接需求均可。
通过上述设置，使得过渡面2111c能够对固定件212面向电极组件23的表面提供支撑，保证对固定件212的定位需求，利于固定件212与主体部211之间的连 接。
请参照图11，图11为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体20的局部剖视图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一孔段2111a位于第二孔段2111b和电极组件23之间，固定件212背离电极组件23的表面抵接在过渡面2111c，在轴向，各第一通孔2123的正投影位于第二孔段2111b的孔壁的正投影内部。
固定件212面向电极组件23的表面可以部分凸出于第一孔段2111a，当然也可以位于第一孔段2111a内。
固定件212背离电极组件23的表面与固定面接触，通过支撑面向背离电极组件23的方向向固定件212提供支撑。当然，固定件212背离电极组件23的表面可以仅与过渡面2111c接触并连接，只要保证固定件212与主体部211之间的连接需求均可。
第二孔段2111b的孔壁在轴向上的正投影呈环形，各第一通孔2123的正投影位于第二孔段2111b的环形正投影的内部。
通过上述设置，使得过渡面2111c能够对固定件212背离电极组件23的表面提供支撑，保证固定件212的定位需求，同时，将各第一通孔2123的正投影位于第二孔段2111b的孔壁的正投影内部，能够避免过渡面2111c将第一通孔2123封堵，保证电池单体20排气的顺畅性。
请参照图12，图12为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体20的局部剖视图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一孔段2111a位于第二孔段2111b和电极组件23之间，固定件212背离电极组件23的表面抵接在过渡面2111c，第二通孔2111还包括第三孔段2111d，第三孔段2111d由过渡面2111c起始沿轴向向背离第一孔段2111a的一侧延伸形成，第三孔段2111d的径向尺寸小于第一孔段2111a的径向尺寸且大于第二孔段2111b的径向Y尺寸。在轴向，各第一通孔2123的正投影位于第三孔段2111d的孔壁的正投影内部。
通过上述设置，使得过渡面2111c能够对固定件212背离电极组件23的表面提供支撑，保证固定件212的定位需求。同时，第三孔段2111d的设置，使得当第二孔段2111b的径向尺寸较小时能够避免过渡面2111c将第一通孔2123封堵，保证电池单体20排气的顺畅性。
请继续参照图6至图12，根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，固定件212包括连接部212a和安装部212b，连接部212a连接并凸出于安装部212b的外侧壁，连接部212a用于连接主体部211，安装部212b用于连接透气构件25。
安装部212b可以为柱状，在厚度方向X上，安装部212b与固定部的长度尺寸可以相同，也可以不同。安装部212b与连接部212a在厚度方向X的一端可以相互平齐。
固定件212采用上述结构形式，能够利于透气构件25的安装，同时能够保证与主体部211之间的连接需求。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，连接部212a与主体部211焊接连接，沿厚度方向X，安装部212b向电极组件23所在侧凸出于连接部212a设置，透气构件25连接于安装部212b面向电极组件23的端面。
连接部212a与主体部211的焊接位置可以根据需求设置，一些可选地示例中，可以使得连接部212a在厚度方向X的一端与主体部211焊接连接。
安装部212b在厚度方向X上的长度尺寸大于连接部212a在厚度方向X上的长度尺寸，透气构件25与安装部212b面向电极组件23的端面连接。
连接部212a与主体部211采用焊接连接的方式能够保证二者之间的连接强度。而将安装部212b向电极组件23所在侧凸出于连接部212a设置，透气构件25连接于安装部212b面向电极组件23的端面，能够增大透气构件25和连接部212a与主体部211彼此焊接位置之间的距离，避免连接部212a与主体部211在焊接连接时产生的热量损坏透气构件25或者影响透气构件25与安装部212b之间的连接强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，安装部212b的外侧壁与第二通孔2111的孔壁之间形成有间隙2125，以使透气构件25与第二通孔2111的孔壁间隔设置。
在第二通孔2111的径向Y上，安装部212b的外侧壁与第二通孔2111的孔壁之间形成有间隙2125，透气构件25附接在安装部212b且边缘不超过安装部212b的外侧壁，使得透气构件25与第二通孔2111的孔壁之间同样形成有间隙。
通过上述设置，使得连接部212a与主体部211彼此之间在焊接连接时的热量不会由主体部211传到至透气构件25，避免损坏透气构件25或者影响透气构件25与安装部212b之间的连接强度。
请参照图13及图14，图13为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体20的局部剖视图，图14为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体20的局部结构示意图。根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，容纳腔2124内设置有支撑件26，支撑件26用于支撑透气构件25，气体能够流经支撑件26并由第一通孔2123排出。
支撑件26具有一定的硬度，能够支撑透气构件25，并且，支撑件26具有透气性，使得电池单体20内进入容纳腔2124的气体不会受到支撑件26的阻挡，可以顺利的排出至电池单体20的外部。
通过在容纳腔2124内设置支撑件26，利于支撑件26能够进一步给透气构件25提供支撑，限制透气构件25在厚度方向X的变形。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，支撑件26与围合形成容纳腔2124的壁面通过化学键相连接。
通过上述设置，能够保证支撑件26与围合形成容纳腔2124的壁面之间的连接强度，避免支撑件26与容纳腔2124的壁面分离对透气构件25产生影响。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，透气构件25与凸出部2122的端面通过化学键连接。
通过上述设置，能够保证透气构件25与凸出部2122之间的连接强度，同时能够降低对透气构件25性能的影响，在满足排气需求的基础上，能够提高电池单体20的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，壳体22以及盖组件21的一者包括壁部210。可以壳体22包括壁部210，也可以是盖组件21包括壁部210。当盖组件21包括壁部210时，盖组件21可以作为电池单体20的组成部分，也可以作为独立的构件 生产、销售等。
请参照图3以及图15，图15为本申请再一些实施例的电池单体20的局部剖视图。据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，盖组件21包括壁部210，电池单体20还包括绝缘件24，绝缘件24用于分隔盖组件21与电极组件23，绝缘件24上设置有第三通孔241，第三通孔241用于与凹部2121连通。
固定件212设置在盖组件21所包括的壁部210上，电池单体20位于盖组件21与电极组件23之间，绝缘件24上的第三通孔241的数量不做具体限制，可以为一个，也可以为多个。其数量可以与第一通孔2123的数量相同，当然也可以不同。在厚度方向X上，第三通孔241的正投影与第一通孔2123的正投影可以重叠、部分重叠或者错开设置。
通过上述设置，可以将固定件212设置在盖组件21上，使得盖组件21具有排气功能。同时，绝缘件24的设置能够避免电极组件23与盖组件21之间接触短路，提高电池单体20的安全性能，而相应设置的第三通孔241可以利于电池单体20内部气体的排出。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第三通孔241的数量为多个，多个第三通孔241彼此间隔设置。
第三通孔241的数量可以两个、三个甚至更多个。多个第三通孔241可以规律排布，也可以非规律排布。相邻两个第三通孔241之间的距离可以相等，当然也可以不相等。各第三通孔241的形状、尺寸可以相同，也可以不相同。
通过设置多个第三通孔241，能够保证电池单体20内气体排出速率，提高电池单体20的安全性能。
参照图3至图15，并请进一步参照图16，图16为本申请一些实施例提供的制备电池单体20的方法的流程示意图。
又一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种制备电池单体20的方法，其中，包括：
S100、提供壳体22，壳体22具有开口；
S200、提供电极组件23，将电极组件23装入壳体22内；
S300、提供盖组件21，将盖组件21封盖于开口，以成型电池单体20，盖组件21包括盖板21b以及透气构件25，盖板21b的壁部210包括主体部211以及固定件212，固定件212设有与外部连通的凹部2121，凹部2121从固定件212面向电极组件23的内表面朝背离电极组件23的方向凹陷设置。透气构件25覆盖凹部2121，透气构件25用于在电池单体20内部的气体压力达到阈值时将气体经凹部2121排出至电池单体20的外部。其中，凹部2121的底壁2121a设有朝电极组件23的方向延伸的凸出部2122，凸出部2122被配置为与透气构件25附接，以限制透气构件25沿壁部210的厚度方向X的变形。
本申请实施例提供的制备电池单体20的方法，能够用于制备上述各实施例提供的电池单体20，所制备的电池单体20可以通过凸出部2122与透气构件25附接，能够向透气构件25在厚度方向X上背离电极组件23的一侧提供支撑，以限制透气构 件25在电池单体20内部气体的作用下沿壁部210的厚度方向X的变形，减缓透气构件25的老化，具有更高的安全性能。
再一方面，本申请实施例提供一种制备电池单体20的设备，包括：
第一装配装置，被配置为提供壳体22，壳体22具有开口；
第二装配装置，被配置为提供电极组件23，将电极组件23装入壳体22内；
第三装配装置，被配置为提供盖组件21，将盖组件21封盖于开口，以成型电池单体20，盖组件21包括盖板21b以及透气构件25，盖板21b的壁部210包括主体部211以及固定件212，固定件212设有与外部连通的凹部2121，凹部2121从固定件212面向电极组件23的内表面朝背离电极组件23的方向凹陷设置。透气构件25覆盖凹部2121，透气构件25用于在电池单体20内部的气体压力达到阈值时将气体经凹部2121排出至电池单体20的外部。其中，凹部2121的底壁2121a设有朝电极组件23的方向延伸的凸出部2122，凸出部2122被配置为与透气构件25附接，以限制透气构件25沿壁部210的厚度方向X的变形。
本申请实施例提供的制备电池单体20的方法，能够用于制备上述各实施例提供的电池单体20，所制备的电池单体20可以通过凸出部2122与透气构件25附接，能够向透气构件25在厚度方向X上背离电极组件23的一侧提供支撑，以限制透气构件25在电池单体20内部气体的作用下沿壁部210的厚度方向X的变形，减缓透气构件25的老化，具有更高的安全性能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电极组件；
    外壳，用于容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳的壁部包括主体部和固定件，所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置；
    透气构件，覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述外壳内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述外壳的外部；
    其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸出部的外周壁与所述凹部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的容纳腔，所述凹部的底壁设有第一通孔，所述第一通孔被配置为通过所述容纳腔与所述电池单体的内部空间气体连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第一通孔间隔分布。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸出部包括第一凸起，所述第一凸起的外周壁与所述凹部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸出部包括第一凸起以及第二凸起，所述第二凸起环绕所述第一凸起并与所述第一凸起间隔设置，所述第一凸起的外周壁与所述第二凸起的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔，所述第二凸起的外周壁与所述凹部的内周壁之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二凸起的数量为两个以上，两个以上所述第二凸起间隔且同轴设置，相邻两个所述第二凸起之间形成与外部连通的所述容纳腔。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述主体部包括第二通孔，所述第二通孔用于容置所述固定件，所述固定件用于连接所述透气构件与所述主体部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二通孔在自身轴向上包括第一孔段以及第二孔段，所述第一孔段的径向尺寸大于所述第二孔段的径向尺寸，所述第一孔段以及所述第二孔段之间连接有过渡面，所述过渡面用于支撑所述固定件，其中，所述轴向平行于所述壁部的厚度方向。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二孔段位于所述第一孔段和所述电极组件之间，在所述轴向上，所述固定件面向所述电极组件的表面抵接在所述过渡面。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段位于所述第二孔段和所述电极组件之间，所述固定件背离所述电极组件的表面抵接在所述过渡面，在所述轴向，各所述第一通孔的正投影位于所述第二孔段的孔壁的正投影内部。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一孔段位于所述第二孔段和所述电极组件之间，所述固定件背离所述电极组件的表面抵接在所述过渡面，所述第二通孔还包括第三孔段，所述第三孔段由所述过渡面起始沿所述轴向向背离所述第一孔段的一侧延伸形成，所述第三孔段的径向尺寸小于所述第一孔段的径向尺寸且大于所述第二孔段的径向尺寸；在所述轴向，各所述第一通孔的正投影位于所述第三孔段 的孔壁的正投影内部。
  12. 根据权利要求2-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述固定件包括连接部和安装部，所述连接部连接并凸出于所述安装部的外侧壁，所述连接部用于连接所述主体部，所述安装部用于连接所述透气构件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述连接部与所述主体部焊接连接，沿所述厚度方向，所述安装部向所述电极组件所在侧凸出于所述连接部设置，所述透气构件连接于所述安装部面向所述电极组件的端面。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池单体，其中，所述安装部的外侧壁与所述第二通孔的孔壁之间形成有间隙，以使所述透气构件与所述第二通孔的孔壁间隔设置。
  15. 根据权利要求2-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述容纳腔内设置有支撑件，所述支撑件用于支撑所述透气构件，所述气体能够流经所述支撑件并由所述第一通孔排出。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述支撑件与围合形成所述容纳腔的壁面通过化学键相连接。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述透气构件与所述凸出部的端面通过化学键连接。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳具有壳体以及盖组件，所述壳体具有开口，所述盖组件封闭所述开口设置，所述壳体以及所述盖组件的一者包括所述壁部。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述盖组件包括所述壁部，所述电池单体还包括绝缘件，所述绝缘件用于分隔所述盖组件与所述电极组件，所述绝缘件上设置有第三通孔，所述第三通孔用于与所述凹部连通。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池单体，其中，所述第三通孔的数量为多个，多个所述第三通孔彼此间隔设置。
  21. 一种盖组件，用于电池单体，所述电池单体包括电极组件，其中，所述盖组件包括：
    盖板，所述盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件；
    所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置；
    透气构件，覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述电池单体内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述电池单体的外部；
    其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
  22. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1至20任一项所述的电池单体。
  23. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求22所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  24. 一种制备电池单体的方法，其中，包括：
    提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体内；
    提供盖组件，将所述盖组件封盖于开口，以成型电池单体，所述盖组件包括盖板以及透气构件，所述盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件；所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部从所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置，所述透气构件覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述电池单体内部的气 体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述电池单体的外部；其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
  25. 一种制备电池单体的设备，其中，包括：
    第一装配装置，被配置为提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    第二装配装置，被配置为提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体内；
    第三装配装置，被配置为提供盖组件，将所述盖组件封盖于开口，以成型电池单体，所述盖组件包括盖板以及透气构件，所述盖板的壁部包括主体部和固定件；所述固定件设有与外部连通的凹部，所述凹部由所述固定件面向所述电极组件的内表面朝背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷设置，所述透气构件覆盖所述凹部，所述透气构件用于在所述电池单体内部的气体压力达到阈值时将所述气体经所述凹部排出至所述电池单体的外部；其中，所述凹部的底壁设有朝所述电极组件的方向延伸的凸出部，所述凸出部被配置为与所述透气构件附接，以限制所述透气构件沿所述壁部的厚度方向的变形。
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