WO2023097441A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023097441A1
WO2023097441A1 PCT/CN2021/134382 CN2021134382W WO2023097441A1 WO 2023097441 A1 WO2023097441 A1 WO 2023097441A1 CN 2021134382 W CN2021134382 W CN 2021134382W WO 2023097441 A1 WO2023097441 A1 WO 2023097441A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
end cover
battery cell
split body
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/134382
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘强
肖海河
张小文
李白清
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/134382 priority Critical patent/WO2023097441A1/zh
Priority to EP21965885.3A priority patent/EP4354614A1/en
Priority to CN202180091513.6A priority patent/CN116762216A/zh
Priority to KR1020247001403A priority patent/KR20240019840A/ko
Publication of WO2023097441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023097441A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device and a method for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • lithium-ion batteries Due to the advantages of high energy density, high power density, high cycle times, and long storage time, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various devices.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device and a method for manufacturing the battery cell, so as to reduce the difficulty of assembling the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, an end cap, a first pole and a second pole.
  • the casing includes two The side wall and the bottom wall perpendicular to the second direction and connecting the two side walls, the two side walls and the bottom wall enclose to form an accommodating cavity, and the housing has a first side opening and a second side oppositely arranged in the third direction The opening and the top opening opposite to the bottom wall, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, the electrode assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity and includes a main body and a first pole with opposite polarity protruding from the main body The ear and the second tab; the end cap is connected to the housing to cover the first and second side openings and the top opening to close the housing.
  • the first pole and the second pole are arranged on the end cover, and the first pole is electrically connected to the first pole ear, and the second pole is electrically connected to the second pole ear.
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and two opposite side walls with a total of three wall surfaces.
  • the two side walls of the housing can be inclined outward relative to the bottom wall to form a flaring , then the moving direction of the electrode assembly does not need to be strictly perpendicular to the opening surface when entering the shell, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly.
  • the casing includes three openings, so that the electrode assembly can be inserted into the casing from three directions when being inserted into the casing, the assembly flexibility is high, and the assembly difficulty is further reduced.
  • the casing is integrally formed by bending at the junction of the side wall and the bottom wall.
  • the housing includes a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, which can be formed by a simple bending process, which saves the stretching, aluminum extrusion and other processes used in the processing of the existing housing, and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • the first tab and the second tab protrude from both ends of the main body in the third direction
  • the end cover includes a first end cover with a first pole and a second pole with a second pole.
  • Two end covers, the first end cover and the second end cover are arranged separately.
  • the first pole lug and the second pole lug protrude from both ends of the main body respectively, and the first end cover and the second end cover are separately arranged, which can facilitate the rotation of the pole post on the end cover and the pole lug after welding Realize the assembly with the shell.
  • the first end cover covers the first side opening and at least part of the top opening
  • the second end cover covers the second side opening and at least part of the top opening
  • the first end cover and the second end cover are connected.
  • the first end cover covers the first side opening and at least part of the top opening
  • the second end cover covers the second side opening and at least part of the top opening, so that the end cover is composed of two parts to cover all openings of the housing, Further, the welding steps during assembly are simplified.
  • first end cap and the second end cap are arranged symmetrically.
  • the first end cap and the second end cap are arranged symmetrically, that is to say, the lengths of the second split body of the first end cap and the fourth split body of the second end cap are equal. In this way, the structural dimensions of the first end cover and the second end cover are the same, and can be manufactured uniformly during manufacture, thereby reducing manufacturing cost.
  • the first end cap includes a first split covering the first side opening and a second split covering at least part of the top opening
  • the second end cap includes a third split covering the second side opening and a covering At least part of the fourth sub-body with an open top
  • the first sub-body is provided with a first pole
  • the third sub-body is provided with a second pole
  • the second sub-body is connected to the fourth sub-body.
  • the connecting end of the second sub-body and the connecting end of the fourth sub-body have a concave-convex fit.
  • the connecting end of the second split body and the connecting end of the fourth split body are concave-convex matched to realize precise positioning and matching of the second split body and the fourth split body, thereby preventing electrolyte leakage.
  • the joint between the first sub-body and the second sub-body is rounded; and/or, the joint between the third sub-body and the fourth sub-body is rounded.
  • the setting of the rounded corners can avoid damage to the electrode assembly and assemblers when connecting and assembling the first end cover and the electrode assembly.
  • connection between the first sub-body and/or the third sub-body and the bottom wall is at right angles.
  • the connection between the first split body and/or the third split body and the bottom wall is set at a right angle, avoiding the rounded corners formed at the corners of the casing formed by the traditional stretching process, and reducing the chance of interference between the rounded corners and the electrode assembly In this case, the space utilization rate of the casing can be improved, and the energy density of the battery cell can be improved.
  • both the first tab and the second tab protrude from the main body toward the top opening
  • the end cover is a groove structure and includes two side covers covering the two side openings and a cover covering the top opening.
  • the top cover part, the first pole and the second pole are all arranged on the top cover part.
  • the first tab and the second tab protrude from one side of the main body, so that the end cover of the groove structure can be directly assembled with the electrode assembly without setting the end cover into two separate structures, thus reducing the number of opposite ends
  • the connecting steps of the two split structures of the cover simplify the assembly process.
  • the junction of the side wall and the bottom wall of the housing is rounded.
  • the bending part of the casing is set as a rounded corner, which is convenient for processing and avoids damage to the electrode assembly.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell described above.
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, comprising the following steps:
  • a casing is provided, the casing includes two side walls perpendicular to the first direction and spaced apart, and a bottom wall perpendicular to the second direction and connecting the two side walls, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the two side walls Enclosed with the bottom wall to form an accommodating cavity, and the housing has a first side opening and a second side opening opposite to the third direction and a top opening opposite to the bottom wall, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction perpendicular to each other;
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body and a first pole lug and a second pole protruding from the main body with opposite polarities.
  • the first pole and the second pole poles are disposed on the end caps;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the housing of some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the housing of some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of the first end cap of some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the second end cap of some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the A-A direction in Fig. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the B-B direction in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of part M in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of part N in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic side view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of part P in Fig. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of battery cells in other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is a step diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Battery cell 20 casing 21, side wall 211, corner 211a, bottom wall 212, electrode assembly 22, main body 221, first tab 222, second tab 223, end cap 23, first end cap 231 , the first split body 2311, the second split body 2312, the second end cover 232, the third split body 2321, the fourth split body 2322, the first pole 24, and the second pole 25;
  • the first direction is X
  • the second direction is Z
  • the third direction is Y.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • a current battery cell generally includes a casing, an end cap, and an electrode assembly accommodated in the casing, and the casing is filled with electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is the part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell
  • the casing is the component that forms the internal environment of the battery cell
  • the end cap is closed to the opening of the casing to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell from the external environment part.
  • the sides and bottom of the casing are closed, and the top is provided with an opening.
  • the above-mentioned casing is generally formed by stretching, it is inevitable to set rounded corners at the corners of the four edges of the casing.
  • the edge interference leads to the design of the electrode assembly with a laminated structure, which must reduce the width and length of the pole pieces to avoid the rounded corners inside the shell, which will cause a loss of energy density.
  • the inventor found that the two side walls of the battery cell casing can be removed, so that the casing itself only includes the bottom wall and the two opposite side walls for a total of three parts.
  • the two side walls of the shell can be inclined outwards relative to the bottom wall to form a flaring, so the moving direction of the electrode assembly when entering the shell does not need to be strictly perpendicular to the opening, and the assembly flexibility is high. Thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly.
  • the shell only includes a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, which can be formed by a simple bending process, which saves the stretching, aluminum extrusion and other processes used in the existing shell processing process, and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system comprising the electric device can be composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in this application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating, or working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cap 23 , a first pole 24 , a second pole 25 and other functional components.
  • the case 21 is a component that forms the internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 , electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a part where electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 22 may be contained within the case 21 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the poles to form a current loop.
  • the end cap 23 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 21 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 23 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 21 to fit the housing 21 .
  • the end cap 23 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 23 is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved, and functional components such as poles can be arranged on the end cover 23 .
  • the pole is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cover 23 can also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, and the material of the end cover 23 can also be various, such as , copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 23 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 21 from the end cover 23 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the battery cell 10 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view structural view of a housing in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic side view structural diagram of a casing according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of the first end cap of some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of a second end cap according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view along the direction A-A in FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the B-B direction in FIG. 10 .
  • the battery cell 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cap 23 , and a first pole 24 and a second pole 25 .
  • the casing 21 includes two sidewalls 211 perpendicular to the first direction X and spaced apart, and a bottom wall 212 perpendicular to the second direction Z and connecting the two sidewalls 211 .
  • the two side walls 211 and the bottom wall 212 enclose to form a receiving chamber.
  • the housing 21 has a first side opening and a second side opening opposite to each other in the third direction Y, and a top opening opposite to the bottom wall 212 .
  • the first direction X, the second direction Z and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is disposed in the accommodating cavity and includes a main body 221 and a first tab 222 and a second tab 223 extending from the main body 221 with opposite polarities.
  • the end cover 23 is connected with the housing 21 to cover the first and second side openings and the top opening to close the housing 21 .
  • the first pole 24 and the second pole 25 are disposed on the end cover 23 , and the first pole 24 is electrically connected to the first pole ear 222 , and the second pole 25 is electrically connected to the second pole ear 223 .
  • the first direction X in the figure is the thickness direction of the battery cell 20
  • the second direction Z is the height direction of the battery cell 20
  • the third direction Y is the length direction of the battery cell 20 .
  • the housing 21 includes two opposite side walls 211 and a bottom wall 212 connecting the two side walls 211 . That is to say, the casing 21 includes three walls, and the three walls enclose to form an accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is used for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the side wall 211 is perpendicular to the bottom wall 212, but during the battery cell assembly process, the side wall 211 can be slightly inclined outward relative to the bottom wall 212 to increase the The degree of freedom when the electrode assembly enters the shell.
  • the casing 21 only includes three walls, so that the casing 21 has three openings, namely a first side opening and a second side opening opposite to the third direction Y and a top opening opposite to the bottom wall 212 . Wherein the coverage area of the first side opening and the second side opening is smaller than the area of the side wall 211 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is disposed in the accommodating cavity and includes a main body 221 and a first tab 222 and a second tab 223 extending from the main body 221 with opposite polarities.
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from both ends of the main body 221 in the third direction Y, respectively.
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 may both protrude from the second direction Z of the main body portion 221 .
  • the end cover 23 of the embodiment of the present application is connected to the housing 21 to cover Two side openings and a top opening make the housing 21 closed.
  • the end cover 23 may include a first end cover 231 and a second end cover 232 to jointly cover the above two side openings and the top opening.
  • the case 21 of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application includes a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, a total of three walls. If the opening is open, then the moving direction of the electrode assembly does not need to be strictly perpendicular to the opening surface when entering the case, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly. Moreover, the casing 21 includes three openings, so the electrode assembly 22 can be inserted into the casing from three directions when being inserted into the casing, which has high assembly flexibility and further reduces assembly difficulty.
  • the casing 21 is integrally formed by bending at the junction of the side wall 211 and the bottom wall 212 .
  • a whole flat plate can be bent and formed at the junction of the side wall 211 and the bottom wall 212 according to the size of the side wall 211 and the bottom wall 212 .
  • the housing 21 includes a bottom wall 212 and two opposite side walls 211 , which can be formed by a simple bending process, which saves the stretching, aluminum extrusion and other processes used in the existing housing processing process, and reduces manufacturing costs.
  • connection between the side wall 211 and the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21 is rounded. That is to say, the bent portion of the casing 21 is rounded to facilitate processing and avoid damage to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from both ends of the main body 221 in the third direction Y, respectively.
  • the end cap 23 includes a first end cap 231 on which the first pole 24 is disposed and a second end cap 232 on which the second pole 25 is disposed.
  • the first end cover 231 and the second end cover 232 are separately provided.
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from both ends of the main body 221 in the third direction Y, respectively.
  • the first end cap 231 on which the first pole 24 is disposed and the second end cap 232 on which the second pole 25 is disposed are disposed separately.
  • the first end cap 231 has an L-shaped structure, and the first end cap 231 includes a first split body 2311 extending along the second direction Z and a first branch body extending along the third direction Y.
  • the second split body 2312, the first pole 24 is arranged on the first split body 2311, the second end cover 232 is also an L-shaped structure, and the second end cover 232 includes a third split body extending along the second direction Z 2321 and a fourth split body 2322 extending along the third direction Y, the second pole 25 is disposed on the third split body 2321 .
  • both the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 of the electrode assembly 22 extend along the third direction Y.
  • the first split body 2311 When assembling the battery cell 20, firstly arrange the first split body 2311 in parallel with the first tab 222, and connect (for example weld) the first pole 24 on the first split body 2311 to the first tab 222, Similarly, the third split body 2321 is arranged in parallel with the second pole lug 223, and the second pole 25 on the third split body 2321 is connected (for example, welded) to the second pole lug 223, and then the first end cover 231 is rotated to bend the first tab 222 and make the second split body 2312 of the first end cover 231 rotate to the position covering the top opening.
  • the second end cover 232 is rotated to bend the second tab 232 and make the
  • the fourth split body 2322 of the second end cap 232 is rotated to the position covering the top opening, and then the assembly of the end cap 23 and the electrode assembly 22 is completed, and then the assembled end cap 23 and the electrode assembly 22 are placed in the casing 21,
  • the second split body 2312 is connected to the fourth split body 2322 and the end cover 23 is connected to the housing 21 to complete the assembly.
  • the first end cover 231 covers the first side opening and part of the top opening
  • the second end cover 231 covers the second side opening and part of the top opening.
  • first end cover 231 may only cover the first side opening, and the second end cover 232 covers the second side opening and the top opening; or the first end cover 231 covers the first side opening and the top opening, The second end cap 232 covers the second side opening.
  • the first pole lug 222 and the second pole lug 223 protrude from both ends of the main body 221 respectively, and the first end cover 231 and the second end cap 232 are separately arranged, which can facilitate the connection between the pole post and the pole lug on the end cover 23. After welding, it is rotated to realize assembly with the housing 21 .
  • the first end cover 231 covers the first side opening and at least part of the top opening.
  • the second end cover 232 covers the second side opening and at least part of the top opening, and the first end cover 231 and the second end cover 232 are connected.
  • the first split body 2311 of the first end cap 231 covers the first side opening
  • the second split body 2312 of the first end cap 231 covers at least part of the top opening
  • the third split body 2321 of the second end cap 232 covers the second side opening
  • the fourth split body 2322 of the second end cap 232 covers at least part of the top opening
  • the second split body 2312 and the fourth split body 2322 are connected to cover the entire top. Open your mouth.
  • the first end cover 231 covers the first side opening and at least part of the top opening
  • the second end cover 232 covers the second side opening and at least part of the top opening, so that the end cover 23 is composed of two parts and can realize all of the housing 21
  • the coverage of the opening simplifies the welding steps during assembly.
  • the first end cap 231 and the second end cap 232 are arranged symmetrically.
  • the first end cap 231 and the second end cap 232 are arranged symmetrically, that is to say, the lengths of the second split body 2312 of the first end cap 231 and the fourth split body 2322 of the second end cap 232 are equal. In this way, the structural dimensions of the first end cover 232 and the second end cover 232 are the same, and can be manufactured in a unified manner during manufacture, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the lengths of the second sub-body 2312 of the first end cap 231 and the fourth sub-body 2322 of the second end cap 232 can also be set to be unequal as required.
  • the first end cover 231 includes a first split body 2311 covering the first side opening and a second split body 2312 covering at least part of the top opening.
  • the second end cover 232 includes a third split body 2321 covering the second side opening and a fourth split body 2322 covering at least part of the top opening.
  • the first pole 24 is disposed on the first split body 2311 .
  • the second pole 25 is disposed on the third split body 2321 , and the second split body 2312 and the fourth split body 2322 are connected.
  • the end cover 23 includes a first end cover 231 and a second end cover 232, the first pole 24 on the first end cover 231 is connected to the first pole ear 222 and the second pole on the second end cover 232 is Connecting to the second tab 223, and then connecting the second split body 2312 and the fourth split body 2322 can complete the assembly between the end cap 23 and the electrode assembly 22, and the assembly process is simple.
  • the connecting end of the second split body 2312 and the connecting end of the fourth split body 2322 are concave-convex matched.
  • connection end of the second split body 2312 is provided with a first step surface
  • connection end of the fourth split body 2322 is provided with a second step surface
  • the third split body is assembled and connected.
  • the split body 2312 and the fourth split body 2322 the two vertical surfaces of the first step surface are in contact with the two vertical surfaces of the second step surface respectively, thereby forming a pair of third split body 2312 and the fourth split body.
  • the positioning in the third direction Y when the body 2322 is connected can make the connection of the third split body 2312 and the fourth split body 2322 form a sealing effect to prevent electrolyte leakage.
  • the connecting end of the second split body 2312 and the connecting end of the fourth split body 2322 are concavo-convex matched to realize precise positioning and matching of the second split body 2312 and the fourth split body 2322 , thereby preventing electrolyte leakage.
  • connection between the first split body 2311 and the second split body 2312 is rounded.
  • the connection between the first split body 2311 and the second split body 2312 is rounded, so that when the first end cap 231 and the electrode assembly 22 are connected and assembled, damage to the electrode assembly and assemblers can be avoided.
  • connection between the third split body 2321 and the fourth split body 2322 is rounded.
  • the connection between the third split body 2321 and the fourth split body 2322 is rounded, which can also avoid damage to the electrode assembly and assemblers.
  • the corners 211 a of the two side walls 211 are rounded, the connection between the first split body 2311 and the second split body 2312 is rounded, and the third split body 2321 and the second split body 2321 are rounded.
  • the joints of the quadrants 2322 are rounded, so that when the first end cover 231 and the housing 21 are assembled, the rounded corners of the side walls 211 match the rounded corners of the first end cover 231 .
  • the corner 211 a of the side wall 211 is rounded, which can further avoid damage to the electrode assembly and the assembly personnel.
  • connection between the first split body 2311 and/or the third split body 2321 and the side wall 211 is at a right angle.
  • the bottom edge of the first split body 2311 of the first end cover 231 is connected to the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21 through external welding (such as laser welding) so that the first split body 2311 and the bottom wall 212 The connection is at right angles.
  • the bottom edge of the third split body 2321 of the second end cover 232 is connected to the bottom wall 212 of the housing 21 by external welding (such as laser welding) so that the junction of the third split body 2321 and the bottom wall 212 is at right angles .
  • connection between the first split body 2311 and/or the third split body 2321 and the bottom wall 212 is set at right angles, avoiding the rounded corners formed at the corners of the casing formed by the traditional stretching process, and reducing the number of rounded corners and the electrode assembly.
  • the space utilization rate of the casing can be improved, and the energy density of the battery cell can be increased.
  • the joints between the first split body 2311 of the first end cover 231 and the two side walls 211 of the casing 21 are set at right angles.
  • the joints between the third sub-body 2321 of the second end cover 232 and the two side walls 211 of the casing 21 are arranged at right angles. In this way, the space utilization rate of the casing is further improved, and the energy density of the battery cells is increased.
  • both the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from the main body 221 toward the top opening side.
  • the end cover 23 is a groove structure and includes two side cover parts covering two side openings and a top cover part covering the top opening, the first pole 24 and the second pole 25 are both arranged on the top cover.
  • Both the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from the main body 221 toward the top opening side. Before assembly, the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 extend along the second direction Z.
  • the column 25 is connected to the second pole lug 223, and then the end cap 23 is turned to bend the pole lug to complete the assembly of the end cap 23 and the electrode assembly 22, and then put the end cap 23 and the electrode assembly 22 into the casing 21 And connect the end cover 23 and the casing 21 to complete the assembly of the battery cell 20 .
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from one side of the main body 221, so that the end cover 23 of the groove structure can be directly assembled with the electrode assembly 22 without setting the end cover 23 into two separate structures , thus reducing the steps of connecting the two split structures of the end cap 23 and simplifying the assembly process.
  • the end cap 23 is integrally formed. For example, it can be obtained by bending the junction of the top cover and the side cover.
  • the present application also provides a battery, including the battery cell of any one of the above schemes.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery of any one of the above schemes, and the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using batteries.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including the following steps:
  • the housing 21 includes two side walls 211 perpendicular to the first direction X and spaced apart, and a bottom wall 212 perpendicular to the second direction Z and connecting the two side walls 211, the two side walls 211 Enclosed with the bottom wall 212 to form an accommodating cavity, and the housing 21 has a first side opening and a second side opening opposite to the third direction Y and a top opening opposite to the bottom wall 212, the first direction X, the second The second direction Z and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other;
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a main body 221 and first tabs 222 and second poles protruding from the main body 221 with opposite polarities.
  • the tab 223, the first pole 24 and the second pole 25 are arranged on the end cover 23;
  • the case 21 of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application includes a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, a total of three walls. If the opening is open, then the moving direction of the electrode assembly does not need to be strictly perpendicular to the opening surface when entering the case, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法。电池单体包括壳体、电极组件、端盖、第一极柱和第二极柱，壳体包括与第一方向垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁以及与第二方向垂直且连接两个侧壁的底壁，且壳体具有在第三方向上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁相对设置的顶开口，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向相互垂直，电极组件设置在容纳腔内且包括主体部和从主体部伸出的极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳；端盖与壳体连接以覆盖第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及顶开口以使壳体封闭。第一极柱和第二极柱设置在端盖上，且第一极柱与第一极耳电连接，第二极柱与第二极耳电连接。本申请的电池单体的装配难度低。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法。
背景技术
由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在各类设备中得到广泛应用。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，装配问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。
发明内容
鉴于以上问题，本申请提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法，以降低电池单体的装配难度。
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池单体，电池单体包括壳体、电极组件、端盖、第一极柱和第二极柱，壳体包括与第一方向垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁以及与第二方向垂直且连接两个侧壁的底壁，两个侧壁和底壁围合形成容纳腔，且壳体具有在第三方向上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁相对设置的顶开口，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向相互垂直，电极组件设置在容纳腔内且包括主体部和从主体部伸出的极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳；端盖与壳体连接以覆盖第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及顶开口以使壳体封闭。第一极柱和第二极柱设置在端盖上，且第一极柱与第一极耳电连接，第二极柱与第二极耳电连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，壳体包括底壁和相对设置的两个侧壁 共三个壁面，在装配时可将壳体的两个侧壁相对于底壁向外倾斜进而形成扩口，那么电极组件在入壳时的移动方向不需要与开口面严格保持垂直，进而降低装配难度。而且壳体包括三个开口，那么电极组件在入壳时可从三个方向入壳，装配灵活度高，进一步降低装配难度。
在一些实施例中，壳体通过在侧壁和底壁的连接处折弯一体成型。壳体包括底壁和相对设置的两个侧壁，可以采用简单的折弯工艺形成，省去了现有壳体加工过程中采用的拉伸、挤铝等工艺，降低制造成本。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳和第二极耳分别从主体部的第三方向的两端伸出，端盖包括设置第一极柱的第一端盖和设置第二极柱的第二端盖，第一端盖和第二端盖分体设置。第一极耳和第二极耳分别从主体部的两端伸出，将第一端盖和第二端盖分体设置，可方便端盖上的极柱与极耳焊接后，再进行转动实现与壳体的装配。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖覆盖第一侧开口和至少部分顶开口，第二端盖覆盖第二侧开口和至少部分顶开口，第一端盖和第二端盖连接。第一端盖覆盖第一侧开口和至少部分顶开口，第二端盖覆盖第二侧开口和至少部分顶开口，这样使得端盖由两部分构成即可实现对壳体的所有开口的覆盖，进而简化装配时的焊接步骤。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖和第二端盖对称设置。第一端盖和第二端盖对称设置，也就是说第一端盖的第二分体和第二端盖的第四分体的长度相等。这样使得第一端盖和第二端盖的结构尺寸相同，在制造时可统一化制造，进而降低制造成本。
在一些实施例中，第一端盖包括覆盖第一侧开口的第一分体和覆盖至少部分顶开口的第二分体，第二端盖包括覆盖第二侧开口的第三分体和覆盖至少部分顶开口的第四分体，第一分体上设置有第一极柱，第三分体上设置有第二极柱，第二分体和第四分体连接。在将第一端盖上的第一极柱与第一极耳连接并将第二端盖上的第二极柱与第二极耳连接，然后将第二分体和第四分体连接即可端盖与电极组件之间的装配，装配过程简单。
在一些实施例中，第二分体的连接端和第四分体的连接端凹凸配 合。第二分体的连接端和第四分体的连接端凹凸配合，以实现第二分体和第四分体的精准的定位和匹配，进而防止电解液泄漏。
在一些实施例中，第一分体和第二分体的连接处为圆角；和/或，第三分体和第四分体的连接处为圆角。圆角的设置可避免在连接装配第一端盖和电极组件时，对电极组件及装配人员造成损伤。
在一些实施例中，第一分体和/或第三分体与底壁的连接处为直角。将第一分体和/或第三分体与底壁的连接处设置为直角，避免了传统拉伸工艺形成的壳体的交角位置处形成的圆角，减少圆角与电极组件发生干涉的情况，可以提高壳体的空间利用率，提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳和第二极耳均从主体部朝顶开口一侧伸出，端盖为槽型结构且包括覆盖两个侧开口的两个侧盖部以及覆盖顶开口的顶盖部，第一极柱和第二极柱均设置在顶盖部上。第一极耳和第二极耳从主体部的一侧伸出，这样槽型结构的端盖可直接与电极组件装配，而无需将端盖设置为两个分体结构，因此减少了对端盖的两个分体结构的连接步骤，简化装配过程。
在一些实施例中，壳体的侧壁和底壁的连接处为圆角。壳体的折弯处设置为圆角，方便加工，且避免对电极组件造成损伤。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池，包括上述电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括上述电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请提供一种电池单体的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
提供壳体，壳体包括与第一方向垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁以及与第二方向垂直且连接两个侧壁的底壁，第一方向与第二方向相互垂直，两个侧壁和底壁围合形成容纳腔，且壳体具有在第三方向上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁相对设置的顶开口，第一方向、第二方向 和第三方向相互垂直；
提供电极组件、端盖以及第一极柱和第二极柱，电极组件包括主体部和从主体部伸出的极性相反的第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极柱和第二极柱设置在端盖上；以及
将第一极柱与第一极耳电连接并将第二极柱与第二极耳电连接，将电极组件放置在壳体的容纳腔内，将端盖与壳体连接以使得端盖封闭壳体。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一些实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一些实施例的一种电池单体的立体结构示意图；
图4是本申请一些实施例的壳体的主视结构示意图；
图5是本申请一些实施例的壳体的侧视结构示意图；
图6是本申请一些实施例的第一端盖的侧视结构示意图；
图7是本申请一些实施例的第二端盖的侧视结构示意图；
图8是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的主视结构示意图；
图9是图8中沿A-A方向的剖视结构示意图；
图10是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的俯视结构示意图；
图11是图10中沿B-B方向的剖视结构示意图；
图12是图11中M部分的局部放大结构示意图；
图13是图11中N部分的局部放大结构示意图；
图14是本申请一些实施例的电池单体的侧视结构示意图；
图15是图14中P部分的局部放大结构示意图；
图16为本申请另一些实施例的电池单体的立体结构示意图；
图17为图16所示的电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图18为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的制造方法的步骤图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
车辆1000；
电池100，控制器200，马达300；
箱体10，第一部分11，第二部分12；
电池单体20，壳体21，侧壁211，角位211a，底壁212，电极组件22，主体部221，第一极耳222，第二极耳223，端盖23，第一端盖231，第一分体2311，第二分体2312，第二端盖232，第三分体2321，第四分体2322，第一极柱24，第二极柱25；
第一方向X，第二方向Z，第三方向Y。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和 权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前的电池单体通常包括壳体、端盖和容纳在壳体内的电极组件，并在壳体内填充电解质。电极组件是电池单体中发生电化学反应的部件，壳体是形成电池单体的内部环境的组件，端盖是盖合于壳体的开口处以将电池单体的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。现有的一些电池单体，其壳体的侧面和底部均封闭，顶部设有开口，在组装电池单体时，需要将电极组件从顶部的开口放入到壳体内部完成组装；还有一些电池单体，其壳体的侧面封闭，顶部和底部各设有开口。那么在组装电池单体时，也需要将电极组件从顶部的开口或者底部的开口放入到壳体内部完成组装。本申请发明人研究发现，在这些电池单体的装配过程中，由于壳体的四个侧面均是封闭的，那么在入壳时，需要严格控制电极组件的移动方向与壳体的开口面保持垂直，以避免电极组件与壳体接触而发生刮伤，因此装配难度较高。而且由于壳体的四个侧面均是封闭的，在制造壳体时需要预留一部分装配空间，从而造成能量密度的损失。而且由于上述壳体一般是通过拉伸成型的，那么壳体四个棱的交角位置均不可避免地要设置圆角，对于采用叠片结构的电极组件而言，内部的圆角会与极片边缘干涉，导致叠片结构的电极组件在设计时必须减小极片宽度和长度以避开壳体内部的圆角，这样会造成能量密度的损失。
为了改善以上电池单体装配难度较高的问题，发明人研究发现可以使电池单体的壳体的两个侧壁去除，这样壳体本身只包括底壁和相对设置 的两个侧壁共三个壁面，在装配时可将壳体的两个侧壁相对于底壁向外倾斜进而形成扩口，那么电极组件在入壳时的移动方向不需要与开口严格保持垂直，装配灵活度高，进而降低装配难度。而且壳体只包括底壁和相对设置的两个侧壁，可以采用简单的折弯工艺形成，省去了现有壳体加工过程中采用的拉伸、挤铝等工艺，降低制造成本。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用于控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航或行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然 气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20。电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间。第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的立体结构示意图。如图3并参考图9，电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22、 端盖23、第一极柱24、第二极柱25及其他的功能性部件。
壳体21是形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体21内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳与极柱连接以形成电流回路。
端盖23是指盖合于壳体21的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖23的形状可以与壳体21的形状相适应以配合壳体21。可选地，端盖23可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖23在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高，端盖23上可以设置有如极柱等的功能性部件。极柱用于与电极组件22电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖23上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构，端盖23的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖23的内侧还可以设置绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体21内的电连接部件与端盖23，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
参考图3至图11，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的 立体结构示意图。图4为本申请一些实施例的壳体的主视结构示意图。图5为本申请一些实施例的壳体的侧视结构示意图。图6为本申请一些实施例的第一端盖的侧视结构示意图。图7为本申请一些实施例的第二端盖的侧视结构示意图。图8为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的主视结构示意图。图9为图8中沿A-A方向的剖视结构示意图。图10为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的俯视结构示意图。图11为图10中沿B-B方向的剖视结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22、端盖23以及第一极柱24和第二极柱25。壳体21包括与第一方向X垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁211以及与第二方向Z垂直且连接两个侧壁211的底壁212。两个侧壁211和底壁212围合形成容纳腔。且壳体21具有在第三方向Y上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁212相对设置的顶开口。第一方向X、第二方向Z和第三方向Y相互垂直。电极组件22设置在容纳腔内且包括主体部221和从主体部221伸出的极性相反的第一极耳222和第二极耳223。端盖23与壳体21连接以覆盖第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及顶开口以使壳体21封闭。第一极柱24和第二极柱25设置在端盖23上，且第一极柱24与第一极耳222电连接，第二极柱25与第二极耳223电连接。
如图3所示，图中第一方向X为电池单体20的厚度方向，第二方向Z为电池单体20的高度方向，第三方向Y为电池单体20的长度方向。
如图4和图5所示，壳体21包括两个相对设置的侧壁211以及连接两个侧壁211的底壁212。也就是说壳体21包括三个壁面，三个壁面围合形成容纳腔，该容纳腔用于放置电极组件22。如图5所示，在电池单体装配完成后，侧壁211垂直于底壁212，但是在电池单体的装配过程中，可以使侧壁211相对于底壁212稍微向外倾斜以增大电极组件入壳时的自由度。壳体21仅包括三个壁面，就使得壳体21具有三个开口，分别是在第三方向Y上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁212相对设置的顶开口。其中第一侧开口和第二侧开口的覆盖面积小于侧壁211的面积。
电极组件22设置在容纳腔内且包括主体部221和从主体部221伸出的极性相反的第一极耳222和第二极耳223。在图3至图11示出的实施例中，第一极耳222和第二极耳223分别从主体部221的第三方向Y的两端伸出。在其他实施例中，参考图16和图17，第一极耳222和第二极耳223也可以均从主体部221的第二方向Z伸出。
由于壳体21具有在第三方向Y上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁212相对设置的顶开口，因此本申请实施例的端盖23与壳体21连接以覆盖两个侧开口以及顶开口来使得壳体21封闭。端盖23可以包括第一端盖231和第二端盖232来共同对以上两个侧开口以及顶开口进行覆盖。
本申请实施例的电池单体的壳体21包括底壁和相对设置的两个侧壁共三个壁面，在装配时可将壳体的两个侧壁相对于底壁向外倾斜进而形成扩口，那么电极组件在入壳时的移动方向不需要与开口面严格保持垂直，进而降低装配难度。而且壳体21包括三个开口，那么电极组件22在入壳时可从三个方向入壳，装配灵活度高，进一步降低装配难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，壳体21通过在侧壁211和底壁212的连接处折弯一体成型。
具体地，可将一整块平板根据侧壁211和底壁212的尺寸在侧壁211和底壁212的连接处折弯成型。
壳体21包括底壁212和相对设置的两个侧壁211，可以采用简单的折弯工艺形成，省去了现有壳体加工过程中采用的拉伸、挤铝等工艺，降低制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图14和图15，壳体21的侧壁211和底壁212的连接处为圆角。也就是说，壳体21的折弯处设置为圆角，方便加工，且避免对电极组件22造成损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一极耳222和第二极耳223分别从主体部221的第三方向Y的两端伸出。端盖23包括设置第一极柱24的第一端盖231和设置第二极柱25的第二端盖232。第一端盖231和第二端盖232分体设置。
第一极耳222和第二极耳223分别从主体部221的第三方向Y的两端伸出。且设置第一极柱24的第一端盖231和设置第二极柱25的第二端盖232分体设置。在一个具体的实施例中，如图13所示，第一端盖231为L型结构，且第一端盖231包括沿第二方向Z延伸的第一分体2311以及沿第三方向Y延伸的第二分体2312，第一极柱24设置在第一分体2311上，第二端盖232也为L型结构，且第二端盖232包括沿第二方向Z延伸的第三分体2321以及沿第三方向Y延伸的第四分体2322，第二极柱25设置在第三分体2321上。在装配前，电极组件22的第一极耳222和第二极耳223均沿第三方向Y延伸。在装配电池单体20时，首先将第一分体2311与第一极耳222平行设置，并将第一分体2311上的第一极柱24与第一极耳222连接(例如焊接)，同样的，将第三分体2321与第二极耳223平行设置，并将第三分体2321上的第二极柱25与第二极耳223连接(例如焊接)，然后将第一端盖231转动以弯折第一极耳222并使得第一端盖231的第二分体2312转动至覆盖顶开口的位置，同样的将第二端盖232转动以弯折第二极耳232并使得第二端盖232的第四分体2322转动至覆盖顶开口的位置，进而完成端盖23与电极组件22的装配，然后将装配好的端盖23和电极组件22放置到壳体21中，并将第二分体2312和第四分体2322连接以及端盖23与壳体21连接，进而完成总装。可见，在以上实施例中，第一端盖231覆盖第一侧开口以及部分顶开口，第二端盖231覆盖第二侧开口以及部分顶开口。在另一些实施例中，第一端盖231也可以仅覆盖第一侧开口，第二端盖232覆盖第二侧开口以及顶开口；或者第一端盖231覆盖第一侧开口和顶开口，第二端盖232覆盖第二侧开口。
第一极耳222和第二极耳223分别从主体部221的两端伸出，将第一端盖231和第二端盖232分体设置，可方便端盖23上的极柱与极耳焊接后，再进行转动实现与壳体21的装配。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一端盖231覆盖第一侧开口和至少部分顶开口。第二端盖232覆盖第二侧开口和至少部分顶开口，第一端盖231和第二端盖232连接。
如图6、图7以及图11所示，第一端盖231的第一分体2311覆盖 第一侧开口，第一端盖231的第二分体2312覆盖至少部分顶开口。第二端盖232的第三分体2321覆盖第二侧开口，第二端盖232的第四分体2322覆盖至少部分顶开口，第二分体2312和第四分体2322连接以覆盖整个顶开口。
第一端盖231覆盖第一侧开口和至少部分顶开口，第二端盖232覆盖第二侧开口和至少部分顶开口，这样使得端盖23由两部分构成即可实现对壳体21的所有开口的覆盖，进而简化装配时的焊接步骤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一端盖231和第二端盖232对称设置。
第一端盖231和第二端盖232对称设置，也就是说第一端盖231的第二分体2312和第二端盖232的第四分体2322的长度相等。这样使得第一端盖232和第二端盖232的结构尺寸相同，在制造时可统一化制造，进而降低制造成本。
当然，在其他实施例中，也可以根据需要将第一端盖231的第二分体2312和第二端盖232的第四分体2322的长度设置为不相等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一端盖231包括覆盖第一侧开口的第一分体2311和覆盖至少部分顶开口的第二分体2312。第二端盖232包括覆盖第二侧开口的第三分体2321和覆盖至少部分顶开口的第四分体2322。第一分体2311上设置有第一极柱24。第三分体2321上设置有第二极柱25，第二分体2312和第四分体2322连接。
端盖23包括第一端盖231和第二端盖232，在将第一端盖231上的第一极柱24与第一极耳222连接并将第二端盖232上的第二极柱与第二极耳223连接，然后将第二分体2312和第四分体2322连接即可端盖23与电极组件22之间的装配，装配过程简单。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二分体2312的连接端和第四分体2322的连接端凹凸配合。
具体地，如图6、图7和图12所示，第二分体2312的连接端设置有第一台阶面，第四分体2322的连接端设置有第二台阶面，在装配连接第三分体2312和第四分体2322时，第一台阶面的两个竖直面分别与第二 台阶面的两个竖直面贴合抵接，进而形成对第三分体2312和第四分体2322连接时第三方向Y上的定位，这样可使得第三分体2312和第四分体2322的连接形成密封作用以防止电解液泄漏。
第二分体2312的连接端和第四分体2322的连接端凹凸配合，以实现第二分体2312和第四分体2322的精准的定位和匹配，进而防止电解液泄漏。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图6，第一分体2311和第二分体2312的连接处为圆角。第一分体2311和第二分体2312的连接处设置为圆角，这样在连接装配第一端盖231和电极组件22时，可避免对电极组件及装配人员造成损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图7和图13，第三分体2321和第四分体2322的连接处为圆角。第三分体2321和第四分体2322的连接处为圆角，也可避免对电极组件及装配人员造成损伤。
具体地，如图4所示，两个侧壁211的角位211a均设置为圆角，第一分体2311和第二分体2312的连接处为圆角，且第三分体2321和第四分体2322的连接处为圆角，这样在装配第一端盖231和壳体21时，侧壁211的角位设置的圆角和第一端盖231折弯处的圆角相匹配。同时，电极组件22在入壳时，将侧壁211的角位211a设置为圆角，也可进一步避免对电极组件及装配人员造成损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一分体2311和/或第三分体2321与侧壁211的连接处为直角。
具体如图3所示，第一端盖231的第一分体2311的底部边缘与壳体21的底壁212通过外部焊接(例如激光焊接)相连以使得第一分体2311和底壁212的连接处为直角。同样的，第二端盖232的第三分体2321的底部边缘与壳体21的底壁212通过外部焊接(例如激光焊接)相连以使得第三分体2321与底壁212的连接处为直角。
将第一分体2311和/或第三分体2321与底壁212的连接处设置为直角，避免了传统拉伸工艺形成的壳体的交角位置处形成的圆角，减少圆角与电极组件发生干涉的情况，可以提高壳体的空间利用率，提高电池 单体的能量密度。
具体地，在图3示出的实施例中，第一端盖231的第一分体2311与壳体21的两个侧壁211的连接处设置为直角。第二端盖232的第三分体2321与壳体21的两个侧壁211的连接处设置为直角。这样进一步提高壳体的空间利用率，提高电池单体的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图16和图17，第一极耳222和第二极耳223均从主体部221朝顶开口一侧伸出。端盖23为槽型结构且包括覆盖两个侧开口的两个侧盖部以及覆盖顶开口的顶盖部，第一极柱24和第二极柱25均设置在顶盖部上。
第一极耳222和第二极耳223均从主体部221朝顶开口一侧伸出，在装配前，第一极耳222和第二极耳223沿第二方向Z延伸，在装配电池单体时，首先使得端盖23的顶盖部与第一极耳222和第二极耳223平行设置，并将端盖23上的第一极柱24与第一极耳222连接，第二极柱25与第二极耳223连接，然后转动端盖23以弯折极耳，即可完成端盖23与电极组件22的装配，然后将端盖23与电极组件22放入到壳体21内并连接端盖23和壳体21进而完成电池单体20的装配。
第一极耳222和第二极耳223从主体部221的一侧伸出，这样槽型结构的端盖23可直接与电极组件22装配，而无需将端盖23设置为两个分体结构，因此减少了对端盖23的两个分体结构的连接步骤，简化装配过程。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖23一体成型。例如可通过在顶盖部和侧盖部的连接处进行折弯得到。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括以上任一方案的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案的电池，并且电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池的设备或系统。
参考图18，根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
S101，提供壳体21，壳体21包括与第一方向X垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁211以及与第二方向Z垂直且连接两个侧壁211的底壁212，两个侧壁211和底壁212围合形成容纳腔，且壳体21具有在第三方向Y上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与底壁212相对设置的顶开口，第一方向X、第二方向Z和第三方向Y相互垂直；
S102，提供电极组件22、端盖23以及第一极柱24和第二极柱25，电极组件22包括主体部221和从主体部221伸出的极性相反的第一极耳222和第二极耳223，第一极柱24和第二极柱25设置在端盖23上；
S103，将第一极柱24与第一极耳222电连接并将第二极柱25与第二极耳223电连接，将电极组件22放置在壳体21的容纳腔内，将端盖23与壳体21连接以使得端盖23封闭壳体21。
本申请实施例的电池单体的壳体21包括底壁和相对设置的两个侧壁共三个壁面，在装配时可将壳体的两个侧壁相对于底壁向外倾斜进而形成扩口，那么电极组件在入壳时的移动方向不需要与开口面严格保持垂直，进而降低装配难度。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体(21)，包括与第一方向(X)垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁(211)以及与第二方向(Z)垂直且连接所述两个侧壁(211)的底壁(212)，所述两个侧壁(211)和所述底壁(212)围合形成容纳腔，且所述壳体(21)具有在第三方向(Y)上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与所述底壁(212)相对设置的顶开口，所述第一方向(X)、所述第二方向(Z)和所述第三方向(Y)相互垂直；
    电极组件(22)，设置在所述容纳腔内且包括主体部(221)和从所述主体部(221)伸出的极性相反的第一极耳(222)和第二极耳(223)；
    端盖(23)，所述端盖(23)与所述壳体(21)连接以覆盖所述第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及所述顶开口以使所述壳体(21)封闭；以及
    第一极柱(24)和第二极柱(25)，设置在所述端盖(23)上，且所述第一极柱(24)与所述第一极耳(222)电连接，所述第二极柱(25)与所述第二极耳(223)电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体(21)通过在所述侧壁(211)和所述底壁(212)的连接处折弯一体成型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳(222)和第二极耳(223)分别从所述主体部(221)的第三方向(Y)的两端伸出，所述端盖(23)包括设置所述第一极柱(24)的第一端盖(231)和设置所述第二极柱(25)的第二端盖(232)，所述第一端盖(231)和所述第二端盖(232)分体设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端盖(231)覆 盖第一侧开口和至少部分所述顶开口，所述第二端盖(232)覆盖第二侧开口和至少部分所述顶开口，所述第一端盖(231)和所述第二端盖(232)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端盖(231)和所述第二端盖(232)对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端盖(231)包括覆盖第一侧开口的第一分体(2311)和覆盖至少部分所述顶开口的第二分体(2312)，所述第二端盖(232)包括覆盖第二侧开口的第三分体(2321)和覆盖至少部分所述顶开口的第四分体(2322)，所述第一分体(2311)上设置有所述第一极柱(24)，所述第三分体(2321)上设置有所述第二极柱(25)，所述第二分体(2312)和所述第四分体(2322)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第三分体(2321)的连接端和所述第二分体的第四分体(2322)凹凸配合。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一分体(2311)和所述第二分体(2312)的连接处为圆角；和/或，所述第三分体(2321)和所述第四分体(2322)的连接处为圆角。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一分体(2311)和/或所述第三分体(2321)与所述底壁(212)的连接处为直角。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳(222)和第二极耳(223)均从所述主体部(221)朝所述顶开口一侧伸出，所述端盖(23)为槽型结构且包括覆盖两个侧开口的两个侧盖部以及覆盖顶开口的顶盖部，所述第一极柱(24)和所述第二极柱(25)均设置在顶盖部上。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体 (21)的所述侧壁(211)和所述底壁(212)的连接处为圆角。
  12. 一种电池，包括：如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电池单体。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求12所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  14. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
    提供壳体(21)，壳体(21)包括与第一方向(X)垂直且间隔设置的两个侧壁(211)以及与第二方向(Z)垂直且连接所述两个侧壁(211)的底壁(212)，所述两个侧壁(211)和所述底壁(212)围合形成容纳腔，且所述壳体(21)具有在第三方向(Y)上相对设置的第一侧开口和第二侧开口以及与所述底壁(212)相对设置的顶开口，所述第一方向(X)、所述第二方向(Z)和所述第三方向(Y)相互垂直；以及
    提供电极组件(22)、端盖(23)以及第一极柱(24)和第二极柱(25)，所述电极组件(22)包括主体部(221)和从所述主体部(221)伸出的极性相反的第一极耳(222)和第二极耳(223)，所述第一极柱(24)和第二极柱(25)设置在端盖(23)上，将所述第一极柱(24)与所述第一极耳(222)电连接并将所述第二极柱(25)与所述第二极耳(223)电连接，将所述电极组件(22)放置在所述壳体(21)的容纳腔内，将端盖(23)与所述壳体(21)连接以使得所述端盖(23)封闭所述壳体(21)。
PCT/CN2021/134382 2021-11-30 2021-11-30 电池单体、电池、用电装置及电池单体的制造方法 WO2023097441A1 (zh)

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