WO2022036531A1 - 电池单体、电池、制备电池单体的方法和装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、制备电池单体的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022036531A1
WO2022036531A1 PCT/CN2020/109654 CN2020109654W WO2022036531A1 WO 2022036531 A1 WO2022036531 A1 WO 2022036531A1 CN 2020109654 W CN2020109654 W CN 2020109654W WO 2022036531 A1 WO2022036531 A1 WO 2022036531A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
wall surface
edge
insulating member
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/109654
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴宁生
邢承友
王鹏
梁成都
李全坤
康文龙
姜玲燕
解伟淦
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to BR112022014402A priority Critical patent/BR112022014402A2/pt
Priority to JP2022544092A priority patent/JP7430807B2/ja
Priority to AU2020463875A priority patent/AU2020463875B2/en
Priority to EP20827957.0A priority patent/EP3979400B1/en
Priority to CN202080098700.2A priority patent/CN115280584B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/109654 priority patent/WO2022036531A1/zh
Priority to US17/137,312 priority patent/US20220052404A1/en
Publication of WO2022036531A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022036531A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/171—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids using adhesives or sealing agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage components, in particular to a battery cell, a battery, and a method and device for preparing a battery cell.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use and long storage time, and are widely used in some electronic equipment, electric vehicles, electric toys and electric equipment, for example, in mobile phones, Laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric planes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy planes and power tools are widely used.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing a battery cell that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • a battery cell comprising:
  • a shell which is hollow in shape and has an opening
  • the end cap assembly includes an end cap and an insulating member, the end cap is used to connect to the opening of the casing and at least a part is inserted into the casing, and the part of the end cap inserted into the casing has an end face and a first side surface, and the insertion direction of the end face and the end cap is substantially Vertically, the first side surface is distributed along the periphery of the end surface and is opposite to the inner wall surface of the housing, wherein the inner wall surface is substantially parallel to the insertion direction of the end cap, and the end surface and the first side surface intersect and form a first edge;
  • the insulating member is connected to the end surface, and the insulating member extends toward the inner wall surface along a first direction to exceed the first edge, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap and toward the inner wall surface.
  • the insulating member extends toward the inner wall surface along the first direction so as to exceed the first edge.
  • the insulating member is located at the portion between the first edge and the inner wall surface. Compared with the first edge, it is closer to the inner wall surface. Therefore, the part of the insulating member located on the first edge and the inner wall surface is more likely to contact the inner wall surface.
  • the metal wire improves the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the insulating member includes a second side surface, the second side surface is substantially parallel to the inner wall surface, and along the first direction, the second side surface is located between the first edge and the inner wall surface. In this way, the volume of the insulating member can be increased, so that the insulating member does not deform when it contacts the inner wall surface.
  • the first side includes a first surface and a second surface, the first surface is substantially parallel to the inner wall surface, the second surface connects the first surface and the end surface, and is inclined relative to the first surface in a direction away from the inner wall surface Form a chamfered surface. In this way, every dimension of the gap between the second surface and the inner wall surface becomes larger and larger along the insertion direction of the end cap, so that the end cap can be inserted into the housing more conveniently.
  • the second surface intersects the end surface and forms a first edge
  • the second surface intersects the first surface and forms a second edge
  • the second edge is located between the first edge and the inner wall surface
  • the second side is located between the second edge and the inner wall. In this way, during the process of inserting the end cap into the housing, the second side surface of the insulating member can simultaneously prevent the first edge and the second edge from scratching the inner wall surface, thereby avoiding the generation of metal wires.
  • the second side is located between the first edge and the second edge. In this way, the first edge can be prevented from scratching the inner wall surface to a certain extent, and the size of the gap between the second side surface and the inner wall surface can be ensured to be large enough to facilitate the insertion of the insulating member into the housing.
  • the insulating member includes a third side surface connected to the second side surface, the third side surface is connected to an end of the second side surface away from the end surface, and is inclined in a direction away from the inner wall surface relative to the second side surface, and forms a chamfer noodle.
  • the insulating member includes a fixed portion and a side portion connected to each other, the fixed portion is used for connecting the end face, the side portion is located on a side of the fixed portion away from the end face and distributed along the periphery of the fixed portion, and the second side surface is located on the side The surface of the part opposite to the inner wall surface.
  • connection between the side part and the fixing part has a second concave part, the second concave part is disposed opposite to the inner wall surface, and the opening of the second concave part faces the inner wall surface.
  • the bottom wall of the second recess is located on a side of the first edge away from the inner wall surface. In this way, the generation of gas can be reduced to a certain extent, thereby ensuring the strength of the welding.
  • the end cap has an insertion portion and a connection portion, the insertion portion is located in the housing, the first side is located on a surface of the insertion portion opposite to the inner wall surface, and the connection portion extends beyond the insertion portion along the first direction.
  • the casing is made of metal, and the hardness of the insulating member is smaller than that of the casing.
  • a battery comprising: a plurality of the battery cells of the above embodiments;
  • a box for accommodating a plurality of battery cells and bus components for accommodating a plurality of battery cells and bus components.
  • an electrical device comprising: the battery described in the above embodiments.
  • a method of manufacturing a battery cell comprising: providing a case, the case being hollow and having an opening;
  • end cap assembly includes end cap and insulating parts
  • the end cap Inserting at least a part of the end cap into the casing, the end cap is used to connect the opening of the casing, and the part of the end cap inserted into the casing has an end face and a first side face, the end face is substantially perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap, and the first side face is along the periphery of the end face distributed and opposite to the inner wall surface of the housing, wherein the inner wall surface is substantially parallel to the insertion direction of the end cap, and the end surface and the first side face intersect to form a first edge;
  • the insulating member is connected to the end surface, and the insulating member extends toward the inner wall surface along a first direction to exceed the first edge, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap and toward the inner wall surface.
  • a manufacturing device for preparing a battery cell comprising:
  • providing a module for: providing a housing, the housing having a hollow shape and having an opening; providing an end cap assembly including an end cap and an insulating member;
  • the installation module is used for inserting at least a part of the end cap into the casing, the end cap is used to connect the opening of the casing, and the part of the end cap inserted into the casing has an end face and a first side surface, the end face is substantially perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap, and the first The side surfaces are distributed along the periphery of the end surface and are opposite to the inner wall surface of the housing, wherein the inner wall surface is substantially parallel to the insertion direction of the end cover, and the end surface and the first side surface intersect and form a first edge;
  • the insulating member is connected to the end surface, and the insulating member extends toward the inner wall surface along a first direction to exceed the first edge, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap and toward the inner wall surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the vehicle of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery module of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of other embodiments of the battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of some embodiments of the battery cells of the present application.
  • Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 are respectively enlarged schematic views of four different structures at A of some embodiments shown in Figure 6;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of some embodiments of the method for preparing a battery cell of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of some embodiments of the apparatus for preparing a battery cell of the present application.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple sheets” refers to two or more sheets (includes two pieces).
  • the battery cells and batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to various devices using batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Spacecraft includes airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric aircraft toys, etc.
  • Power tools include Metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • the battery cells and batteries described in the embodiments of the present application are not only applicable to the above-described electrical devices, but can also be applied to all devices using batteries. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments take an electric vehicle as an example. illustrate.
  • the vehicle 4000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle car or extended-range car, etc.
  • a battery 1000 , a controller 2000 and a motor 3000 may be provided inside the vehicle 4000 , and the controller 2000 is used to control the battery 1000 to supply power to the motor 3000 .
  • the battery 1000 may be provided at the bottom or the front or rear of the vehicle 4000 .
  • the battery 1000 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 4000, for example, the battery 1000 can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 4000, for the circuit system of the vehicle 4000, for example, for the starting, navigation and operation of the vehicle 4000.
  • the battery 1000 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 4000, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 4000, and provide driving power for the vehicle 4000 in place of or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery. That is to say, a plurality of battery cells can directly form a battery, or a battery module can be formed first, and then the battery module can be formed into a battery.
  • the battery 1000 includes one or more battery modules 100 , for example, the battery 1000 includes multiple batteries
  • a plurality of battery modules 100 can be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection, and the mixed connection refers to a mixture of series connection and parallel connection.
  • the battery 1000 may further include a box body (or a cover body), the inside of the box body is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery modules 100 are accommodated in the box body. As shown in FIG.
  • the box body includes two parts, which are referred to as the first part 200 and the second part 300 respectively, and the first part 200 and the second part 300 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 200 and the second part 300 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery modules 100, and each of the first part 200 and the second part 300 may have an opening.
  • both the first part 200 and the second part 300 may be hollow rectangular parallelepipeds and each has only one open surface, the opening of the first part 200 and the opening of the second part 300 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first part 200 and the second part 300 are interlocked with each other Combined to form a box with a closed chamber.
  • a plurality of battery modules 100 are placed in a box formed after the first part 200 and the second part 300 are fastened together after being combined in parallel or in series or in a mixed connection.
  • the battery 1000 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 1000 may further include a bus component, which is used to realize electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells, such as parallel connection or series connection or hybrid connection.
  • the bus member may realize electrical connection between the battery cells by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells.
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells by welding. The electrical energy of the plurality of battery cells can be further drawn out through the box body through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conducting means may also belong to the bussing member.
  • the battery module 100 may include one or more battery cells. As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery module 100 includes a plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed manner. Connect for greater capacity or power.
  • the battery cell includes a lithium-ion-containing secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, square, or other shapes.
  • the battery cell has a square structure.
  • the battery cell has a cylindrical structure.
  • the battery cell includes an end cap assembly, a casing 11 and an electrode assembly 16 .
  • the casing 11 is a hollow structure with an opening, and the end cap assembly is connected in the opening of the housing 11 .
  • the number of end cap assemblies is equal to the number of housing openings, for example, the number of end cap assemblies and the number of housing openings are both one or two.
  • the electrode assembly 16 is accommodated in the casing 11, and the electrode assembly 16 can be formed by stacking or winding the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator is between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Insulator between pole piece and positive pole piece.
  • Both the positive electrode and the negative electrode include a coated area and an uncoated area, the positive electrode active material is coated on the coated area of the positive electrode, and the negative electrode active material is coated on the coating of the negative electrode. On the uncoated areas, no active material is coated on the uncoated areas.
  • the uncoated area of the positive pole piece forms the positive pole tab
  • the uncoated area of the negative pole piece forms the negative pole tab
  • the coated area of the positive pole piece and the coated area of the negative pole piece form the main body portion 161 .
  • the uncoated regions of the positive electrode sheet are stacked to form the positive electrode tabs 162a
  • the uncoated regions of the negative electrode sheet are stacked to form the negative electrode tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the two end faces, the positive electrode tab 162a and the negative electrode tab can respectively extend from the two end faces, or can also extend from one of the end faces.
  • the end cap assembly includes an end cap 12 , an electrode terminal 13 and a current collecting member 15 .
  • the current collecting member 15 is located between the electrode assembly 16 and the end cap 12 and electrically connects the electrode assembly 16 and the electrode terminal 13 .
  • each electrode terminal 13 There are two electrode terminals 13 , the two electrode terminals 13 are respectively a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, the electrode terminals 13 are respectively located on the flat surfaces of the two end caps 12 , and each electrode terminal 13 is provided with a current collecting member 15 correspondingly,
  • Each electrode assembly 16 has a positive electrode tab 161 and a negative electrode tab, the positive electrode tab 161 is connected to the positive electrode terminal through one current collecting member 15 , and the negative electrode tab 162 is connected to the negative electrode terminal through another current collecting member 15 .
  • FIG. 6 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell in a cross-section parallel to the winding axis K according to another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a structure at A in FIG. 6 .
  • the battery The unit 10 includes an end cap assembly and a casing 11 , the casing 11 is hollow and has an opening, the end cap assembly includes an end cap 12 and an insulating member 14 , and the periphery of the end cap 12 is combined with the frame at the opening of the casing 11 .
  • the part of the end cover 12 inserted into the casing 11 has an end surface 121 and a first side surface 122, and the end surface 121 and The insertion direction of the end cover 12 is substantially vertical, the first side surface 122 is distributed along the periphery of the end surface 121 and is opposite to the inner wall surface 111 of the housing 11, wherein the inner wall surface 111 is substantially parallel to the insertion direction of the end cover 121, and the end surface 121 and the first A side surface 122 intersects and forms a first edge 1212a, the insulating member 14 is connected to the end surface 121, and the insulating member 14 extends toward the inner wall surface 111 along the first direction to exceed the first edge 1212a, wherein the first direction is between the end cap 121 and the end cap 121 The insertion direction is perpendicular to the direction of the inner wall surface 111 .
  • the battery cell can be a square structure or a cylindrical structure.
  • the casing 11 is a hollow approximately cuboid structure, and at least one end has a rectangular opening.
  • the projection of the inner wall surface 111 is also a rectangular structure, and the end cover 12 is adapted to the rectangular opening.
  • the circular openings are adapted to the circular plate-like structure.
  • the first direction is the direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap 121 and toward the inner wall surface 111 .
  • Both the casing 11 and the end cover 12 are made of metal, for example, both are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the end cap 12 is used to connect the opening of the housing 11 , and there are various ways of connecting the end cap 12 to the opening of the housing 11 , such as welding, riveting, and screwing.
  • the connection method described here means that the end cover 12 and the casing 11 can be fixed in this connection method, that is to say, the casing 11 and the end cover 12 of the battery box described in this embodiment may be already connected, or Possibly a detached state.
  • At least a part of the end cap 12 is inserted into the casing 11 , optionally, when the end cap 12 is inserted into the casing 11 , the end cap 12 can be completely located in the casing, and the upper surface of the end cap 12 does not exceed the open end face of the casing 11 ; Optionally, a part of the end cover 12 may also be located in the casing, and the other part needs to be overlapped on the open end face of the casing 11 at this time.
  • the end face 121 is substantially perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap 12, and the term "substantially perpendicular" here is not strictly vertical.
  • the insertion direction of the end face 121 and the end cap 12 may have a certain angle, such as less than 30 degrees.
  • the end surface 121 can be one plane, or two or more connected planes.
  • the first side surface 122 can be one annular plane or two or more connected annular planes, wherein the annular plane is along the insertion direction of the end cap 12.
  • the vertical projection of is circular or square.
  • the end face 121 is a plane, and the first side 122 is two intersecting planes; for another example, the end face 121 is a plane, and the first side 122 is a plane; for another example, the end face 121 is two intersecting planes, the first The sides 122 are two intersecting planes, and "plane” here refers to a surface with an approximately smooth surface.
  • the projection of the first edge along the vertical direction of the insertion direction of the end cap 12 is a bending line.
  • the insulating member 14 is connected to the end surface 121 , and the insulating member 14 and the end surface 121 can be connected in various ways, such as welding, riveting, and screwing.
  • the insulating member 14 extends toward the inner wall surface 111 along the first direction to exceed the first edge 1212a, that is to say, at least a part of the insulating member 14 is located between the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111, the term “between” here , it is not necessarily required that the insulating member 14, the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111 are located in the same plane, for example, the insulating member 14 has a first projection on a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap, the first edge 1212a has a second projection on the plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap, the inner wall surface 111 has a third projection on the plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap, and at least a part of the first projection is located in the first projection. between the second and third projections.
  • a small assembly gap between the end cap 12 and the casing 11 is usually reserved to ensure the connection between the two. strength.
  • the end cap 12 and the housing 11 are both made of metal, during the process of inserting the end cap 12 into the housing 11, the first edge 1212a may scrape the inner wall surface 111 due to the small reserved assembly gap, thereby generating metal wires. If the metal wire falls into the casing, it is easy to cause the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to overlap, resulting in a short circuit.
  • the insulating member 14 is arranged to extend toward the inner wall surface 111 along the first direction so as to exceed the first edge 1212a, that is, the insulating member 14 extends along the first direction.
  • the vertical direction of the insertion direction of the end cap extends to between the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111.
  • the insulating member 14 is located between the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111. The part is closer to the inner wall surface 111 than the first edge 1212a.
  • the part of the insulating member 14 located at the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111 is easier to contact with the inner wall surface 111.
  • 1212a is in contact with the casing 11 and the metal wire is generated, which improves the safety performance of the battery cell 10 .
  • the casing 11 is made of a metal material, and the hardness of the insulating member 14 is smaller than that of the casing 11 .
  • the material of the casing 11 can be copper, aluminum, etc.
  • the material of the insulating member 14 can be polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, etc., during the assembly process of the end cap 11 and the casing 11 Since the hardness of the insulating member 14 is smaller than that of the casing 11 , even if the insulating member 14 and the inner wall surface 111 of the casing 11 are scratched, no wire will be produced, and the safety performance of the battery cell will not be affected.
  • the insulating member 14 includes a second side surface 141 , the second side surface 141 is disposed opposite to the inner wall surface 111 , and at least a part of the second side surface 141 is located between the first edge 1212 a and the inner wall surface between 111.
  • the "between” mentioned here does not necessarily require that the second side surface 141, the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111 are located in the same plane, or it may be, on a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap 12, the first At least a part of the projection of the two side surfaces 141 is located between the projection of the first edge 1212 a and the projection of the inner wall surface 111 .
  • the second side surface 141 surrounds the insulator 14.
  • the second side surface 141 may be an annular plane or two or more connected annular planes.
  • the “annular plane” here may be parallel to the inner wall surface 111, or may be It is inclined relative to the inner wall surface 111 ; the “plane” here refers to a surface with substantially parallel surfaces, and the projection of the annular plane along the vertical direction of the insertion direction of the end cap 12 is a circle or a square.
  • the second side surface 141 is substantially parallel to the inner wall surface 111, and along the first direction, the second side surface 141 is located between the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111; also That is, the second side surface 141 is entirely located between the first edge 1212 a and the inner wall surface 111 .
  • the second side surface 141 of the insulating member 14 may come into contact with the inner wall surface 111, which may cause slight deformation of the insulating member 14.
  • the second side surface 141 By setting the second side surface 141 to be substantially parallel to the inner wall surface 111, Moreover, the second side surface 141 is located between the first edge 1212 a and the inner wall surface 111 , which can increase the volume of the insulating member 14 , so that the insulating member 14 does not deform when in contact with the inner wall surface 111 .
  • the first side surface 122 includes a first surface 122a and a second surface 122b.
  • the first surface 122a is substantially parallel to the inner wall surface 111.
  • the second surface 122b connects the first surface 122a and the end surface 121 and faces away from the first surface 122a.
  • the direction of the inner wall surface 111 is inclined to form a chamfered surface.
  • the chamfered surface is formed by slanting the second surface 122b in a direction away from the inner wall surface 111 relative to the first surface 122a.
  • the chamfering surface in this paper can be either a plane chamfering surface or a curved chamfering surface.
  • the first surface 122a is substantially parallel to the inner wall surface 111, so that the size of the gap between the first surface 122a and the inner wall surface 111 is equal everywhere.
  • the end cover 12 is inserted into the housing, the first surface 122a and the inner wall surface 111
  • the welding reliability between the two can be consistent.
  • the second surface 122b is inclined relative to the first surface 122a in a direction away from the inner wall surface 111 to form a chamfered surface, so that the dimensions of the gap between the second surface 122b and the inner wall surface 111 are gradually increased along the insertion direction of the end cap 12 Larger, so that the end cap 12 can be inserted into the housing 11 more conveniently.
  • the second surface 122b intersects the end surface 121 to form the first edge 1212a
  • the second surface 122b intersects the first surface 122a to form the second edge 1212b
  • the second edge 1212b is located on the first edge 1212a and the inner wall surface 111. That is, along the first direction, the second edge 1212b is closer to the inner wall surface 111 than the first edge 1212a.
  • the second side surface 141 is located between the second edge 1212b and the inner wall surface 111, that is, on a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap 12, at least a part of the projection of the insulating member 14 is located at the second edge.
  • the second side 141 of the insulating member 14 can simultaneously prevent the first edge 1212a and the second edge 1212b from scratching the inner wall surface during the insertion of the end cap 12 into the housing. 111, thereby avoiding the generation of wires.
  • the second side 141 is located between the first edge 1212a and the second edge 1212b, that is, on a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap 12, at least a part of the projection of the insulating member 14 is located at the first edge.
  • the first edge 1212a can be prevented from scratching to a certain extent.
  • wiping the inner wall surface 111 it can also ensure that the size of the gap between the second side surface 141 and the inner wall surface 111 is sufficiently large, so that the insulating member 14 can be easily inserted into the casing.
  • the insulating member 14 includes a third side surface 142 .
  • the third side surface 142 is connected to an end of the second side surface 141 away from the end surface 121 and faces away from the second side surface 141 .
  • the direction of the inner wall surface 111 is inclined to form a chamfered surface. That is, the size of the gap between the third side surface 142 and the inner wall surface 111 gradually increases along the insertion direction of the end cap 12 , so that the insulating member 14 can be inserted into the housing 11 more easily.
  • the insulating member 14 includes a fixed portion 14a and a side portion 14b that are connected to each other, the fixed portion 14a is used to connect the end surface 121 , and the side portion 14b is located at the fixed portion 14a away from the end surface 121
  • the second side surface 141 is located on the surface of the side portion 14b opposite to the inner wall surface 111 .
  • the insulating member 14 has a first concave portion 14c, the opening of the first concave portion 14c faces the interior of the housing 11, the side portion 14b constitutes a side wall of the first concave portion 14c, and the fixing portion 14a It constitutes the bottom wall of the first recessed portion 14c.
  • the first concave portion 14c By arranging the first concave portion 14c, other mechanical parts (eg, current collecting members) can be accommodated in the first concave portion 14c, thereby reducing the space occupied by the other mechanical parts, thereby increasing the energy density.
  • the connection between the side portion 14b and the fixing portion 14a has a second recess 14d, which is perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cover 12 .
  • the second recessed portion 14d is recessed in a direction away from the inner wall surface 111 relative to the second side surface 141 , and the opening of the second recessed portion 14d faces the inner wall surface 111 .
  • the end cap 12 is usually fixed to the housing 11 by laser welding.
  • the first surface 122a is usually connected to the housing 11 on the first surface 122a.
  • a gap is set between the inner wall surfaces 111 of the inner wall 111, and the gap may have the risk of laser leakage, thereby causing the part of the insulating member 14 opposite to the gap to melt, and the gas generated by the melting may lead to reliable welding between the end cap 12 and the shell 11.
  • the second concave portion 14d is annular and surrounds the peripheral side of the insulating member 14 .
  • the bottom wall of the second concave portion 14d is located on the side of the first edge 1212a away from the inner wall surface 11 . That is, on the premise of ensuring the strength of the insulating member, more parts of the insulating member 14 can be protected from laser damage, thereby ensuring the strength of the welding.
  • the end cap 12 has an insertion portion 12 a and a connecting portion 12 b, the insertion portion 12 a is located in the housing 11 , and the first side 122 is located at the insertion portion 12 a, along the end cap 12 .
  • the portion of the connecting portion 12b extending beyond the inserting portion 12a is used to connect the end face of the housing 11 at the opening.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 30 for preparing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 11, the method 30 may include:
  • the casing is hollow and has an opening;
  • the end cap assembly includes an end cap and an insulating part
  • the end cap Insert at least a part of the end cap into the casing, the end cap is used to connect the opening of the casing, and the part of the end cap inserted into the casing has an end face and a first side face, the end face is substantially perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap, and the first side face is along the end face.
  • the perimeter is distributed and is opposite to the inner wall surface of the housing, wherein the inner wall surface is substantially parallel to the insertion direction of the end cap, and the end surface and the first side face intersect and form a first edge;
  • the insulating member is connected to the end surface, and the insulating member extends toward the inner wall surface along a first direction to exceed the first edge, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap and toward the inner wall surface.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 40 for preparing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 40 for preparing a battery may include:
  • the installation module 42 is used for: inserting at least a part of the end cap into the casing, the end cap is used to connect the opening of the casing, and the part of the end cap inserted into the casing has an end face and a first side surface, and the end face is substantially perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap,
  • the first side surface is distributed along the periphery of the end surface and is opposite to the inner wall surface of the housing, wherein the inner wall surface is substantially parallel to the insertion direction of the end cover, and the end surface and the first side surface intersect to form a first edge;
  • the insulating member is connected to the end surface, and the insulating member extends toward the inner wall surface along a first direction to exceed the first edge, wherein the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction of the end cap and toward the inner wall surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池、用电装置和制备电池单体的装置。所述电池单体包括：壳体，为中空形状且具有开口；端盖组件，包括端盖和绝缘件，所述端盖用于连接所述壳体的开口且至少一部分插入所述壳体内，且所述端盖插入所述壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，所述端面与所述端盖的插入方向基本垂直，所述第一侧面沿所述端面的周边分布，并与所述壳体的内壁面相对，所述内壁面与所述端盖的插入方向基本平行，所述端面和所述第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边，所述绝缘件连接于所述端面，所述绝缘件沿第一方向向所述内壁面延伸以超出所述第一棱边。本申请实施例的技术方案能够增强电池单体的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池、制备电池单体的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及储能元器件领域，具体涉及一种电池单体、电池、制备电池单体的方法和装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有体积小、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点，在一些电子设备、电动交通工具、电动玩具和电动设备上得到广泛应用，例如，在手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等得到广泛的应用。
随着锂离子电池技术的不断发展，对锂离子电池的安全性能提出了更高的要求。现有的锂离子电池的端盖组件与壳体装配过程中，两者之间容易发生刮擦，从而导致金属丝或者金属颗粒落入锂离子电池的内部，存在短路风险。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、制备电池单体的方法及装置克服了上述问题或者至少部分地解决了上述问题。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：
壳体，为中空形状且具有开口；
端盖组件，包括端盖和绝缘件，端盖用于连接壳体的开口且至少一部分插入壳体内，且端盖插入壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，端面与端盖的插入方向基本垂直，第一侧面沿端面的周边分布，并与壳体的内壁面相对，其中，内壁面与端盖的插入方向基本平行，端面和第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
绝缘件连接于端面，绝缘件沿第一方向向内壁面延伸以超出第一棱边，其中，所述第一方向为与所述端盖的插入方向垂直且朝向所述内壁面的方向。
在本申请实施例的技术方案中，绝缘件沿第一方向向内壁面延伸以超出第一棱边，在端插入壳体的过程中，绝缘件位于第一棱边与内壁面之间的部分相比第一棱边 更靠近内壁面，因此，绝缘件位于第一棱边与内壁面部分更容易与内壁面接触，在一定程度上，可以减少因第一棱边与壳体接触而产生的金属丝，提高了电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括第二侧面，第二侧面与内壁面基本平行，沿所述第一方向，第二侧面位于第一棱边和内壁面之间。这样，可以增加绝缘件的体积，使得绝缘件与内壁面发生接触时不发生变形。
在一些实施例中，第一侧面包括第一表面和第二表面，第一表面与内壁面基本平行，第二表面连接第一表面和端面，并相对于第一表面朝远离内壁面的方向倾斜形成倒角面。这样，第二表面与内壁面之间间隙的各处尺寸沿端盖的插入方向越来越大，使得端盖更方便地插入壳体内部。
在一些实施例中，第二表面与端面相交并形成第一棱边，第二表面与第一表面相交并形成第二棱边，第二棱边位于第一棱边与内壁面之间。
在一些实施例中，第二侧面位于第二棱边与内壁面之间。这样，在端盖的插入壳体内部过程中，绝缘件的第二侧面可以同时防止第一棱边和第二棱边刮擦内壁面，从而避免金属丝的产生。
在一些实施例中，第二侧面位于第一棱边和第二棱边之间。这样，既可以在一定程度上防止第一棱边刮擦内壁面，又能保证第二侧面与内壁面的间隙尺寸足够大，从而便于绝缘件插入壳体内部。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括连接于第二侧面的第三侧面，第三侧面连接于第二侧面远离端面的一端，并且相对于第二侧面朝远离内壁面的方向倾斜，并形成倒角面。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括相互连接的固定部和侧部，固定部用于连接端面，侧部位于固定部远离端面的一侧且沿固定部的周边分布，第二侧面位于所述侧部的与所述内壁面相对的表面。
在一些实施例中，侧部与固定部的连接处具有第二凹陷部，第二凹陷部与内壁面相对设置，并且第二凹陷部的开口朝向内壁面。
在一些实施例中，第二凹陷部的底壁位于第一棱边远离内壁面的一侧。这样，可以在一定程度较少气体的产生，从而保证焊接的强度。
在一些实施例中，端盖具有插入部和连接部，插入部位于壳体内，第一侧面位于插入部的与内壁面相对的表面，沿所述第一方向，连接部超出插入部。
在一些实施例中，壳体为金属材质，且绝缘件的硬度小于壳体的硬度。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：多个上述实施例的电池单体；
汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体的电连接；
箱体，用于容纳多个电池单体和汇流部件。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：上述实施例的所述的电池。
根据本申请的第四方面，提供了一种制备电池单体的方法，包括：提供壳体，壳体为中空形状且具有开口；
提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件；
将端盖至少一部分插入壳体内，端盖用于连接壳体的开口且端盖插入壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，端面与端盖的插入方向基本垂直，第一侧面沿端面的周边分布，并与壳体的内壁面相对，其中，内壁面与端盖的插入方向基本平行，端面和第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
绝缘件连接于端面，绝缘件沿第一方向向内壁面延伸以超出第一棱边，其中，第一方向为与端盖的插入方向垂直且朝向内壁面的方向。
根据本申请的第五方面，提供了一种制备电池单体的制造装置，包括：
提供模块，用于：提供壳体，壳体为中空形状且具有开口；提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件；
安装模块，用于将端盖至少一部分插入壳体内，端盖用于连接壳体的开口且端盖插入壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，端面与端盖的插入方向基本垂直，第一侧面沿端面的周边分布，并与壳体的内壁面相对，其中，内壁面与端盖的插入方向基本平行，端面和第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
绝缘件连接于端面，绝缘件沿第一方向向内壁面延伸以超出第一棱边，其中，第一方向为与端盖的插入方向垂直且朝向内壁面的方向。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请车辆的一些实施例的示意图；
图2为本申请电池的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图3是本申请电池模块的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图4是本申请电池单体的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图5是本申请电池单体的另一些实施例的分解图；
图6是本申请电池单体的一些实施例的剖视图；
图7、8、9和10分别为图6所示一些实施例的A处的四种不同结构的放大示意图；
图11为本申请制备电池单体的方法的一些实施例的示意性流程图；
图12为本申请制备电池单体的装置的一些实施例的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体和电池均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、 便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体和电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池的装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一实施例的一种车辆4000的结构示意图，所述车辆4000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。所述车辆4000的内部可以设置电池1000、控制器2000和马达3000，控制器2000用来控制电池1000为马达3000的供电。例如，在所述车辆4000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池1000。电池1000可以用于车辆4000的供电，例如，电池1000可以作为车辆4000的操作电源，用于车辆4000的电路系统，例如，用于车辆4000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池1000不仅仅可以作为车辆4000的操作电源，还可以作为汽车4000的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为汽车4000提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
在本申请的另一实施例中，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池1000的结构示意图，电池1000包括一个或者多个电池模块100，例如，电池1000包括多个电池模块100，多个电池模块100可以串联或并联或混联，所述混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池1000还可以包括箱体(或称罩体)，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池模块100容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分200和第二部分300，第一部分200和第二部分300扣合在一起。第一部分200和第二部分300的形状可以根据多个电池模块100组合的形状而定，第一部分200和第二部分 300可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分200和第二部分300均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分200的开口和第二部分300的开口相对设置，并且第一部分200和第二部分300相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。多个电池模块100相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分200和第二部分300扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，电池1000还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池1000还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体的电极端子实现电池单体之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体的电极端子。多个电池单体的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池模块100可以包括一个或多个电池单体，如图3所示，电池模块100包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。例如，电池单体包括含锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。
在本申请的另一实施例中，电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、方形或其它形状等。例如，如图4所示，电池单体为方形结构，再例如，如图5所示，电池单体为圆柱体结构。如图5和6所示，无论电池单体为上述任意一种结构，电池单体均包括端盖组件、壳体11以及电极组件16，壳体11为中空结构且具有开口，端盖组件连接于壳体11的开口。可选地，端盖组件的数量与壳体开口的数量相等，例如，端盖组件的数量与壳体开口的数量均为一个或者两个。
电极组件16容纳于壳体11内，电极组件16可通过将正极极片、负极极片以及位于正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜一同堆叠或卷绕形成，其中，隔膜是介于正极极片和正极极片之间的绝缘体。正极极片和负极极片均包括涂覆区和未涂覆区，正极片活性物质被涂覆在正极极片的涂覆区上，而负极极片活性物质被涂覆在负极片的涂覆区上，在未涂覆区上没有涂覆活性物质。经过卷绕或者堆叠之后，正极极片未涂覆区形成正极极耳，负极极片未涂覆区形成负极极耳，正极极片的涂覆区和负极极片的涂覆区形成主体部161。正极片的未涂覆区层叠形成正极耳162a，而负极片的未涂覆区层叠形成负极耳(图中未示出)，其中，主体部161具有沿平行于圈绕轴的方向相对设置的两个端面，正极耳162a和负极耳可以从两个端面上分别延伸出，也可以从其中一个端面延伸出。
端盖组件包括端盖12、电极端子13和集流构件15，集流构件15位于电极组件16和端盖12之间，并且将电极组件16与电极端子13电连接。
电极端子13为两个，两个电极端子13分别为正极电极端子和负极电极端子，电极端子13分别位于两个端盖12的平板面上，每个电极端子13对应设置一个集流构件15，每个电极组件16具有正极极耳161和负极极耳，正极极耳161通过一个集流构件15与正极电极端子相连接，负极极耳162通过另一个集流构件15与负极电极端子相连接。
如图6所示，为本申请另一实施例的一种电池单体在平行于卷绕轴线K的横截面的结构示意图，图7为图6在A处的一种结构的放大图，电池单体10包括端盖组件和壳体11，壳体11为中空形状且具有开口，端盖组件包括端盖12和绝缘件14，端盖12的周边与壳体11的开口处的边框相结合以实现端盖12与壳体11的扣合，且所述端盖12至少一部分插入壳体11内，且端盖12插入壳体11内的部分具有端面121和第一侧面122，端面121与端盖12的插入方向基本垂直，第一侧面122沿端面121的周边分布，并与壳体11的内壁面111相对，其中，内壁面111与端盖121的插入方向基本平行，端面121和第一侧面122相交并形成第一棱边1212a，绝缘件14连接于端面121，绝缘件14沿第一方向向内壁面111延伸以超出第一棱边1212a，其中，第一方向为与端盖121的插入方向垂直且朝向内壁面111的方向。
电池单体可以是方形结构，也可以是圆柱体结构。当电池单体为方形结构时，壳体11为中空的近似长方体结构，且至少一端具有长方形的开口，此时内壁面111的投影也为长方形结构，端盖12为与长方形的开口相适应的板状结构；当电池盒为圆柱体结构时，壳体11为中空的圆柱体结构，且至少一端具有圆形的开口，此时内壁面111的投影也为圆形结构，端盖12为与圆形的开口相适应的圆形板状结构。无论是哪种结构，第一方向均为与端盖121的插入方向垂直且朝向内壁面111的方向。
壳体11和端盖12均为金属材质，例如，两者都为铝或者铝合金材质。端盖12用于连接壳体11的开口，端盖12与壳体11开口的连接方式有多种，例如，焊接、铆接以及螺纹连接等。这里所述的连接方式是指端盖12与壳体11可以按照此连接方式固定，也就是说，本实施例所述的电池盒的壳体11和端盖12可能是已经处于连接状态，也可能是分离状态。
端盖12至少一部分插入壳体11内，可选地，当端盖12插入壳体11内，端盖12可以完全位于壳体内，此时端盖12的上表面不超过壳体11的开口端面；可选地， 端盖12也可以是一部分位于壳体内，此时另一部分需要搭接在壳体11的开口端面上。
端面121与端盖12的插入方向基本垂直，这里所述的“基本垂直”并非是严格意义上的垂直，例如，端面121与端盖12的插入方向可能存在一定角度，比如小于30度。
端面121可以一个平面，也可以是两个以上的相连接的平面，同样地，第一侧面122可以一个环形平面或两个以上的相连接的环形平面，其中环形平面沿端盖12的插入方向的垂直方向的投影为圆形或者方形。例如，端面121为一个平面，第一侧面122为两个相交的平面；再例如，端面121为一个平面，第一侧面122为一个平面；再例如，端面121为两个相交的平面，第一侧面122为两个相交的平面，这里所述“平面”是指表面近似光滑的表面。第一棱边沿端盖12的插入方向的垂直方向的投影为弯折线。
绝缘件14连接于端面121，绝缘件14与端面121的连接方式有多种，例如，焊接、铆接以及螺纹连接等。
绝缘件14沿第一方向向内壁面111延伸以超出第一棱边1212a，也就是说，绝缘件14至少一部分位于第一棱边1212a与内壁面111之间，这里所述的“之间”，并不一定要求绝缘件14、第一棱边1212a以及内壁面111位于同一平面内，例如，绝缘件14在垂直于所述端盖的插入方向的平面上具有第一投影，第一棱边1212a在垂直于所述端盖的插入方向的该平面上具有第二投影，内壁面111在垂直于所述端盖的插入方向的该平面上具有第三投影，第一投影的至少一部分位于第二投影和第三投影之间。
在端盖组件与壳体11的装配过程中，为了便于端盖12与壳体11的相互配合，通常会将端盖12与壳体11的装配间隙预留较小，从而保证两者的连接强度。当端盖12和壳体11均为金属材质，在端盖12插入壳体11的过程中，因装配间隙预留较小可能导致第一棱边1212a刮擦内壁面111，从而产生金属丝，金属丝掉入壳体内部，容易造成正极极片和负极极片搭接，从而短路。鉴于以上问题，在本申请上述的实施例中，沿第一方向，通过设置绝缘件14沿第一方向向内壁面111延伸以超出第一棱边1212a，也就是说，绝缘件14沿所述端盖的插入方向的垂直方向延伸至第一棱边1212a与内壁面111之间，在端盖12插入壳体11的过程中，绝缘件14位于第一棱边1212a与内壁面111之间的部分相比第一棱边1212a更靠近内壁面111，因此，绝缘件14位于第一棱边1212a与内壁面111部分更容易与内壁面111接触，在一定程度上，可以减少因第一棱边1212a与壳体11接触而产生的金属丝，提高了电池单体10的安全性 能。
在本申请另一实施例中，壳体11为金属材质，绝缘件14的硬度小于壳体11的硬度。例如，壳体11的材质可以铜、铝等，例如绝缘件14的材料可以是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等，在端盖11与壳体11的装配过程中，由于绝缘件14的硬度小于壳体11的硬度，即便绝缘件14与壳体11的内壁面111发生刮擦，也不会产生金属丝，不会影响电池单体的安全性能。
在本申请另一实施例中，如图7所示，绝缘件14包括第二侧面141，第二侧面141与内壁面111相对设置，第二侧面141至少一部分位于第一棱边1212a与内壁面111之间。这里所述的“之间”，并不一定要求第二侧面141、第一棱边1212a以及内壁面111位于同一平面内，也可以是，在垂直于端盖12的插入方向的平面上，第二侧面141的投影至少一部分位于第一棱边1212a的投影和内壁面111的投影之间。
其中，“相对设置”并不是严格意义的平行，例如第二侧面141可以与内壁面111可以具有一定的夹角。第二侧面141围绕绝缘件14的四周，第二侧面141可以是一个环形平面，也可以是两个以上的相连接的环形平面，这里所述“环形平面”可以与内壁面111平行，也可以相对内壁面111倾斜设置；这里所述“平面”是指表面基本平行的表面，环形平面沿端盖12的插入方向的垂直方向的投影为圆形或者方形。
在本申请的另一实施例中，如图7所示，第二侧面141与内壁面111基本平行，沿第一方向，第二侧面141位于第一棱边1212a和内壁面111之间；也就是说，第二侧面141整体位于第一棱边1212a和内壁面111之间。在端盖组件与壳体11的装配过程中，绝缘件14的第二侧面141可能与内壁面111发生接触，可能导致绝缘件14轻微变形，通过设置第二侧面141与内壁面111基本平行，且第二侧面141位于第一棱边1212a和内壁面111之间，可以增加绝缘件14的体积，使得绝缘件14与内壁面111发生接触时不发生变形。
在本申请的另一实施例中，如图8所示。第一侧面122包括第一表面122a和第二表面122b，第一表面122a与内壁面111基本平行，第二表面122b连接所述第一表面122a和端面121，并相对于第一表面122a朝远离内壁面111的方向倾斜形成倒角面。通过设置第二表面122b相对于第一表面122a朝远离内壁面111的方向倾斜形成倒角面。其中，本文的倒角面既可以是平面倒角面，也可以是曲面倒角面。
第一表面122a与内壁面111基本平行，从而使得第一表面122a与内壁面111之间间隙的各处尺寸均相等，当端盖12的插入壳体内部时，第一表面122a与内壁面111 通过焊接固定，通过设置第一表面122a与内壁面111基本平行，可以使得两者之间各处的焊接可靠性一致。
第二表面122b相对于第一表面122a朝远离内壁面111的方向倾斜形成倒角面，从而使得第二表面122b与内壁面111之间间隙的各处尺寸沿端盖12的插入方向越来越大，从而使得端盖12更方便地插入壳体11内部。
在上述实施例中，第二表面122b与端面121相交并形成第一棱边1212a，第二表面122b与第一表面122a相交并形成第二棱边1212b，第二棱边1212b位于第一棱边1212a与内壁面111之间。也就是说，沿第一方向，第二棱边1212b相比第一棱边1212a更靠近内壁面111。
可选的，第二侧面141位于第二棱边1212b与内壁面111之间，也就是说，在垂直于端盖12的插入方向的平面上，绝缘件14的投影至少一部分位于第二棱边1212b的投影和内壁面111的投影之间，在端盖12的插入壳体内部过程中，绝缘件14的第二侧面141可以同时防止第一棱边1212a和第二棱边1212b刮擦内壁面111，从而避免金属丝的产生。
可选的，第二侧面141位于第一棱边1212a和第二棱边1212b之间,也就是说，在垂直于端盖12的插入方向的平面上，绝缘件14的投影至少一部分位于第一棱边1212a的投影和第二棱边1212b的投影之间，通过设置第二侧面141位于第一棱边1212a和第二棱边1212b之间，既可以在一定程度上防止第一棱边1212a刮擦内壁面111，又能保证第二侧面141与内壁面111的间隙尺寸足够大，从而便于绝缘件14插入壳体内部。
在本申请的另一实施例中，如图9所示，绝缘件14包括第三侧面142，第三侧面142连接于第二侧面141远离端面121的一端，并且相对于第二侧面141朝远离内壁面111的方向倾斜，并形成倒角面。也就是说，第三侧面142与内壁面111的间隙尺寸沿端盖12的插入方向逐渐增大，使得绝缘件14更容易插入壳体11内部。
在本申请的另一实施例中，如图10所示，绝缘件14包括相互连接的固定部14a和侧部14b，固定部14a用于连接端面121，侧部14b位于固定部14a远离端面121的一侧且沿固定部14a的周边分布，第二侧面141位于侧部14b的与内壁面111相对的表面。
可选的，如图10所示，绝缘件14具有第一凹陷部14c，第一凹陷部14c的开口朝向壳体11的内部，侧部14b构成第一凹陷部14c的侧壁，固定部14a构成第一凹陷 部14c的底壁。通过设置第一凹陷部14c，可以使得其他机械件(例如集流构件)可以容纳于第一凹陷部14c中，从而减小其他机械件占用的空间，从而提高能量密度。
可选的，如图10所示，当端盖12与壳体11通过激光焊接固定时，侧部14b与固定部14a的连接处具有第二凹陷部14d，沿端盖12的插入方向的垂直方向，第二凹陷部14d相对于第二侧面141朝远离内壁面111的方向凹陷设置，并且第二凹陷部14d的开口朝向内壁面111。当端盖12插入壳体11后，端盖12通常以激光焊接的方式与壳体11固定,再者，为了便于端盖12与壳体11装配，通常会在第一表面122a与壳体11的内壁面111之间设置间隙，该间隙可能存在漏激光的风险，从而导致绝缘件14与该间隙相对的部位熔化，熔化产生的气体可能会导致端盖12与壳体11之间的焊接可靠性变差，在本实施例中，通过在侧部14b与固定部14a的连接处设置第二凹陷部14d，使得绝缘件14的实体部分与焊接部位的距离增大，可以在一定程度较少气体的产生，从而保证焊接的强度。可选的，第二凹陷部14d为环状，并且环绕在绝缘件14的周侧。
可选的，如图10所示，沿端盖12的插入方向的垂直方向，第二凹陷部14d的底壁位于第一棱边1212a远离内壁面11的一侧。也就是说，在保证绝缘构件强度的前提下，可以使得绝缘件14更多的部位免受激光的损伤，从而保证焊接的强度。
在本申请的另一实施例中，如图10所示，端盖12具有插入部12a和连接部12b，插入部12a位于壳体11内，第一侧面122位于插入部12a，沿端盖12的插入方向的垂直方向，连接部12b超出插入部12a的部分用于连接壳体11的开口处的端面。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池单体、电池以及用电装置，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池单体的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图11示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池单体的方法30的示意性流程图。如图11所示，该方法30可以包括：
31，提供壳体，壳体为中空形状且具有开口；
32，提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件；
33，将端盖至少一部分插入壳体内，端盖用于连接壳体的开口且端盖插入壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，端面与端盖的插入方向基本垂直，第一侧面沿端面的周边分布，并与壳体的内壁面相对，其中，内壁面与端盖的插入方向基本平行，端面和第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
绝缘件连接于端面，绝缘件沿第一方向向内壁面延伸以超出第一棱边，其中，第 一方向为与端盖的插入方向垂直且朝向内壁面的方向。
图12示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池单体的装置40的示意性框图。如图13所示，制备电池的装置40可以包括：
提供模块41，用于：提供壳体，壳体为中空形状且具有开口，提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件；
安装模块42，用于：将端盖至少一部分插入壳体内，端盖用于连接壳体的开口且端盖插入壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，端面与端盖的插入方向基本垂直，第一侧面沿端面的周边分布，并与壳体的内壁面相对，其中，内壁面与端盖的插入方向基本平行，端面和第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
绝缘件连接于端面，绝缘件沿第一方向向内壁面延伸以超出第一棱边，其中，第一方向为与端盖的插入方向垂直且朝向内壁面的方向。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，为中空形状且具有开口；
    端盖组件，包括端盖和绝缘件，所述端盖用于连接所述壳体的开口且至少一部分插入所述壳体内，且所述端盖插入所述壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，所述端面与所述端盖的插入方向基本垂直，所述第一侧面沿所述端面的周边分布，并与所述壳体的内壁面相对，其中，所述内壁面与所述端盖的插入方向基本平行，所述端面和所述第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
    所述绝缘件连接于所述端面，所述绝缘件沿第一方向向所述内壁面延伸以超出所述第一棱边，其中，所述第一方向为与所述端盖的插入方向垂直且朝向所述内壁面的方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括第二侧面，所述第二侧面与所述内壁面基本平行，沿所述第一方向，所述第二侧面位于所述第一棱边与所述内壁面之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一侧面包括第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面与所述内壁面基本平行，所述第二表面连接所述第一表面和所述端面，并相对于所述第一表面朝远离所述内壁面的方向倾斜形成倒角面；
    所述第二表面与所述端面相交并形成所述第一棱边，所述第二表面与所述第一表面相交并形成第二棱边，所述第二棱边位于所述第一棱边与所述内壁面之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第二侧面位于所述第二棱边与所述内壁面之间。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第二侧面位于所述第一棱边和所述第二棱边之间。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括连接于所述第二侧面的第三侧面，所述第三侧面连接于所述第二侧面远离所述端面的一端，并且相对于所述第二侧面朝远离所述内壁面的方向倾斜，并形成倒角面。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件包括相互连接的固定部和侧部，所述固定部连接所述端面，所述侧部位于所述固定部远离所述端面的一侧且沿所述固定部的周边分布，所述第二侧面位于所述侧部的与所述内壁 面相对的表面。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述侧部与所述固定部的连接处具有第二凹陷部，所述第二凹陷部与所述内壁面相对设置，并且所述第二凹陷部的开口朝向所述内壁面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第二凹陷部的底壁位于所述第一棱边远离所述内壁面的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求2至9任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述端盖具有插入部和连接部，所述插入部位于所述壳体内，所述第一侧面位于所述插入部的与所述内壁面相对的表面，沿所述第一方向，所述连接部超出所述插入部。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壳体为金属材质，且所述绝缘件的硬度小于所述壳体的硬度。
  12. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    多个如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池单体；
    汇流部件，用于实现所述多个电池单体的电连接；
    箱体，用于容纳所述多个电池单体和所述汇流部件。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括：如权利要求12所述的电池。
  14. 一种制备电池单体的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供壳体，所述壳体为中空形状且具有开口；
    提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件；
    将所述端盖至少一部分插入所述壳体内，所述端盖用于连接所述壳体的开口且所述端盖插入所述壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，所述端面与所述端盖的插入方向基本垂直，所述第一侧面沿所述端面的周边分布，并与所述壳体沿所述端盖的插入方向延伸的内壁面相对，所述端面和所述第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
    所述绝缘件连接于所述端面，沿所述端盖的插入方向的垂直方向，所述绝缘件至少一部分位于所述第一棱边与所述内壁面之间。
  15. 一种制备电池单体的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    提供模块，用于：提供壳体，所述壳体为中空形状且具有开口，提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖和绝缘件；
    安装模块，用于将所述端盖至少一部分插入所述壳体内，所述端盖用于连接所述壳体的开口且所述端盖插入所述壳体内的部分具有端面和第一侧面，所述端面与所述 端盖的插入方向基本垂直，所述第一侧面沿所述端面的周边分布，并与所述壳体沿所述端盖的插入方向延伸的内壁面相对，所述端面和所述第一侧面相交并形成第一棱边；
    所述绝缘件连接于所述端面，沿所述端盖的插入方向的垂直方向，所述绝缘件至少一部分位于所述第一棱边与所述内壁面之间。
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