WO2023005464A1 - 电池单体、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005464A1
WO2023005464A1 PCT/CN2022/098446 CN2022098446W WO2023005464A1 WO 2023005464 A1 WO2023005464 A1 WO 2023005464A1 CN 2022098446 W CN2022098446 W CN 2022098446W WO 2023005464 A1 WO2023005464 A1 WO 2023005464A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
side wall
notch
current collecting
collecting member
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/098446
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李周富
龙熙桂
李白清
史东洋
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023005464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005464A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/597—Protection against reversal of polarity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, and the like.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can reduce the probability of an internal short circuit of the battery cell and improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • a battery cell including: an electrode assembly; an insulator, the insulator includes a bottom wall and a side wall, the bottom wall and the side wall enclose a groove, and the opening of the groove Facing the electrode assembly; the current collecting member is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, at least part of the current collecting member is fixed in the groove; the insulating film is attached to the inner surface of the current collecting member, and the inner surface of the current collecting member faces the electrode assembly ;
  • the side wall is provided with a first notch, the first notch is used to make at least part of the insulating film extend into the groove through the first notch to adhere to the inner surface of the current collecting member.
  • the insulating film can extend into the groove through the first notch for attachment, reducing the occurrence of damage caused by the insulating film and the side wall of the groove. Interference to cause the probability of wrinkling of the insulating film, so as to reduce the risk that the inner surface of the current collecting member facing the electrode assembly still has a bare area after the insulating film is attached, thereby reducing the contact between the inner surface of the current collecting member and the pole piece of the other pole. The risk of internal short circuit caused by contact improves the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the bottom surface of the first notch is flush with the bottom wall of the insulating member.
  • the insulating film protruding through the first notch can be directly attached to the inner surface of the current collecting member, so as to reduce the interference of the insulating film when it is inserted. The probability of wrinkling is avoided to affect the further attachment of the subsequent insulating film.
  • the sidewall includes a first sidewall arranged along the length direction of the insulating member and a second sidewall arranged along the width direction of the insulating member, and the first notch is arranged on the first sidewall near the second sidewall. one end.
  • the insulating film can be attached close to the end of the current collecting member by extending into the first notch, so that it is more convenient to attach the insulating film .
  • the current collecting member includes a body portion and a bent portion formed by bending one end of the body portion close to the second side wall, the body portion is fixed in the groove, the bent portion extends outward from the groove, and is bent.
  • the inner surface of the bent part faces the electrode assembly, and at least part of the insulating film is attached to the inner surface of the bent part.
  • the current collecting member When the current collecting member has a structure including a body part and a bent part, if there is a bare area on the inner surface of the bent part facing the electrode assembly, it may also cause an internal short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the inner surface can reduce the probability of the exposed area in the bent part, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the width of the first notch is greater than or equal to the thickness of the insulating film in the lengthwise direction of the insulating member.
  • the insulating film When the insulating film is attached to the inner surface of the bent part, since the main body is fixed in the groove, the inner surface of the bent part near the end of the main body is likely to be insulated due to the interference between the side wall of the groove and the insulating film.
  • the film is difficult to attach completely, so that the width of the first notch is greater than or equal to the thickness of the insulating film, so that the insulating film can extend through the first notch to attach the inner surface of the end of the bent portion close to the main body.
  • the side of the first notch facing the second side wall is closer to the second side wall than the inner surface of the bent portion.
  • the insulating film By arranging the side of the first notch facing the second side wall closer to the second side wall than the inner surface of the bent portion, when the insulating film extends into the groove and approaches the inner surface of the bent portion, The insulating film is wrinkled without interfering with the sidewall of the groove, so as to reduce the phenomenon of exposed areas when attaching the inner surface of the bent part.
  • At least part of the projection of the first sidewall covers the surface of the bent portion facing the first sidewall.
  • a part of the first side wall still remains in the junction area between the second side wall and the first side wall, and this part of the first side wall can During the installation of the component, it plays a positioning role, so that the current collecting component does not deviate along the width direction of the insulating part.
  • the bent portion includes a first end close to the bottom wall, and second notches are provided on both sides of the first end close to the first side wall.
  • the insulating film When the insulating film extends into the first notch and approaches the inner surface of the bent portion for attachment, the insulating film is likely to interfere with the side of the first notch facing the second side wall and wrinkle. When the bent portion is attached, exposed areas are likely to be formed on both sides of the first end close to the first side wall. Therefore, by setting the second notch, the probability of the exposed area can be reduced and the safety of the battery cell can be improved.
  • At least part of the second notch exceeds the first side wall in the extending direction of the bent portion.
  • the insulating film When the insulating film is attached to the inner surface of the bent portion, since the insulating film easily interferes with the first side wall, by making at least part of the second notch beyond the first side wall, it is easy to cause the exposed part to occur due to the wrinkling of the insulating film. Part of the area is covered by the second notch to improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • a battery including the battery cells of the above embodiments.
  • an electrical device including the battery in the above embodiment, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the electrode assembly in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between an insulating film and a current collecting member provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the insulator in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at K in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between a current collecting member and an insulator provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view at M in Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of N in FIG. 9 .
  • 73-collecting member 731-body part, 732-bending part, 732a-first end, 732b-second gap;
  • Multiple appearing in this application refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multi-piece” refers to more than two (Includes two pieces).
  • the maximum flow area on the current-collecting member usually makes the width of the current-collecting member similar to the size of the insulator assembled on the inner surface of the end cap, which also makes it easy for the insulating film to be in contact with the partial structure of the insulator such as the side when the insulating film is attached.
  • the walls interfere, causing the insulating film to wrinkle, eventually resulting in partially exposed areas of the inner surface of the current collecting member, leaving the cell still at risk of internal short circuits.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which adopts an insulating member provided with a first notch, so that at least part of the insulating film can extend into the groove through the first notch to attach the current collecting member toward
  • the surface of the electrode assembly can make the insulating film not easy to wrinkle due to interference with the insulator when it is attached, so as to reduce the probability that the surface of the current collecting member facing the electrode assembly is exposed to the electrode assembly, thereby reducing the occurrence of internal damage to the battery cell.
  • the probability of short circuit improves the safety of battery cells.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to batteries and electric devices using batteries.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside a vehicle 1
  • a battery 2 refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity, for example, the one mentioned in this application
  • the battery 2 may include a battery module or a battery pack or the like.
  • the battery 2 can be arranged at the bottom or the head or the tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1, instead or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery 2 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case body 5 and a battery module 6 , and the battery module 6 is accommodated in the case body 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery module 6, and the box body 5 may have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 51 and a second box body part 52, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 cover each other, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 51
  • the two box parts 52 jointly define an accommodating space 53 for accommodating the battery module 6 .
  • the second box part 52 can be a hollow structure with an open end, and the first box part 51 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first box part 51 covers the opening side of the second box part 52 to form an accommodating space.
  • the first casing part 51 and the second casing part 52 also all can be the hollow structure of one side opening, and the opening side of the first casing part 51 covers the opening of the second casing part 52 side to form a box body 5 with an accommodating space 53 .
  • the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 51 covers the top of the second box part 52
  • the first box part 51 can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 52 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there are a plurality of battery cells 7 (not shown in the figure).
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 7 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 7 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 7 is contained in the box body 5; of course, a plurality of battery cells 7 can also be connected in series first
  • the battery modules 6 are formed by connecting in parallel or in series, and a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series or in parallel or in series to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box body 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 6 in FIG. 2 .
  • there are multiple battery cells 7 and the multiple battery cells 7 are connected in series, in parallel, or in parallel to form a battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a whole, and accommodated in the box.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 7 , which includes an electrode assembly 71 , an insulating member 72 , a current collecting member 73 and an insulating film 74 .
  • the insulator 72 includes a bottom wall 722 and a side wall 723 surrounding a groove 721 , and the opening of the groove 721 faces the electrode assembly 71 .
  • the current collecting member 73 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 71 , and at least part of the current collecting member 73 is fixed in the groove 721 .
  • the insulating film 74 is used to be attached to the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73 , and the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73 faces the electrode assembly 71 .
  • the side wall 723 forming the groove 721 is provided with a first notch 723c, and the first notch 723c is used to make at least part of the insulating film 74 extend into the groove 721 through the first notch 723c to adhere to the inner surface of the current collecting member 73 S1.
  • the battery cells 7 may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium Ion battery cells and the like are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 can be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto. For the convenience of description, the following embodiments all take a cylindrical battery as an example.
  • the battery cells 7 are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of the battery cell 7 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 may include an electrode assembly 71, an insulator 72, a current collecting member 73, a casing 75, an end cap 76 and an electrolyte (not shown in the figure), and the electrode assembly 71 may include a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and Separators (the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator are not marked in the figure).
  • the battery cell 7 mainly relies on metal ions to move between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum
  • the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material
  • the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly 71 may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the casing 75 may have an opening at one end or at both ends, and the end cap 76 covers the opening of the casing 75 to jointly form an accommodating space for the electrode assembly 71 and the electrolyte with the casing 75 .
  • the shell 75 and the end cap 76 can be made of the same material, for example, the shell 75 and the end cap 76 can be made of aluminum, so that the welding of the shell 75 and the end cap 76 can be facilitated, or the shell 75 and the end cover 76 can also be made of different materials, for example, the housing 75 and the end cover 76 can be made of different metals respectively, and other connection methods such as riveting can be used to connect the housing 75 and the end cover 76.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode assembly 71 in FIG. 4 .
  • the electrode assembly 71 includes at least two tabs with opposite polarities (the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b are shown in the figure, and the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b are also referred to in the following content.
  • the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b are positive tabs and negative tabs respectively, both of which may be located at one end of the electrode assembly 71 or at both ends of the electrode assembly 71 .
  • the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b are used to respectively connect the current collecting members 73 of different polarities.
  • the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b can be connected to the current collecting member 73 by welding superior.
  • the current collecting member 73 is generally disposed between the insulator 72 and the electrode assembly 71, corresponding to the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b on the electrode assembly 71, the current collecting member 73 can be Two, used to electrically connect the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b to the electrode terminals of different polarities on the end cover 76, the current collecting member 73 can be made of metal material, for example, when the first pole When the ear 71a and the second pole ear 71b are made of copper and aluminum respectively, correspondingly, the two current collecting members 73 may also be made of copper and aluminum respectively. In the specific embodiment shown in the figure, the current collecting member 73 is a sheet structure.
  • the current collecting member 73 may also be in other shapes, such as plate-like or block-like structures.
  • at least part of the current collecting member 73 can be fixed in the groove 721, or all the current collecting member 73 can be fixed in the groove 721, for example, when The current collecting member 73 is a flat plate-like structure, which can be fixed by welding one end of the current collecting member 73 into the groove 721, so that the current collecting member 73 is entirely located in the groove; and for example, when the current collecting member 73 exists
  • the bent structure can make the current collecting member 73 partially protrude out of the groove 721 after being fixed to the groove 721 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between the insulating film 74 and the current collecting member 73 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • An insulating film 74 may be attached to the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73.
  • the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73 refers to the surface of the current collecting member 73 facing the electrode assembly 71.
  • the insulating film 74 may be attached to the current collecting member 73.
  • the insulating film 74 is made of an insulating material such as polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene glycol terephthalate, PET).
  • the surface of the insulating film 74 may have appropriate viscosity, so that the insulating film 74 may be better attached to the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73 .
  • the insulating film 74 with adhesiveness can be selected, or the insulating film 74 without adhesiveness can be selected, and an adhesive is coated on its surface, or an adhesive is coated on the inner surface of the current collecting member 73.
  • the bonding agent also facilitates the attachment of the insulating film 74.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the insulator 72 in FIG. 4 .
  • the insulator 72 refers to a component installed inside the end cap 76 and used to insulate the end cap 76 and the electrode assembly 71 from each other.
  • the insulator 72 can be made of an insulating material such as plastic.
  • the bottom wall 722 and the side wall 723 of the insulator 72 are both plate-shaped structures, which are enclosed to form a square groove 721.
  • the opening of the groove 721 faces the electrode assembly 71 .
  • the bottom wall 722 and the side wall 723 may also be in other shapes, such as block-shaped or arc-shaped structures, as long as the structures that can enclose the groove 721 are applicable.
  • the depth of the groove 721 needs to satisfy that the current collecting member 73 can be accommodated in the groove 721 .
  • the bottom wall 722 and the side wall 723 can be an integral structure, for example, the insulator 72 with the groove 721 can be formed by turning, milling or stamping, or the insulator 72 with the groove can be formed by mold processing.
  • the insulating part 72 of 721, that is, the bottom wall 722 and the side wall 723 are integrally formed.
  • the bottom wall 722 and the side wall 723 may also be separate parts, which are fixed as a whole through connection, and finally form the insulating member 72 with the groove 721 .
  • the connection method can be threaded connection, for example, the bottom wall 722 and the side wall 723 are fixedly connected by bolts, screws and other connectors; One.
  • part of the structure of the insulator 72 can abut against the surface of the electrode assembly 71 facing the end cap 76, so that when the battery cell 7 encounters shaking, vibration, etc., The insulator 72 can provide a certain supporting force for the electrode assembly 71 , so that the electrode assembly 71 placed in the casing 75 is not prone to positional movement, thereby affecting the connection stability between the tab and the current collecting member 73 .
  • the groove 721 is surrounded by a bottom wall 722 and a side wall 723.
  • the bottom wall 722 is used to attach to the inner surface of the end cap 76 during installation.
  • the side wall 723 can extend from the edge of the bottom wall 722 toward the electrode assembly 71. Formed, the side walls 723 may be distributed at intervals on the edge of the bottom wall 722 and directly abut against the electrode assembly 71 to reduce its shaking.
  • the side wall 723 is provided with a first notch 723c, the first notch 723c is formed by penetrating the side wall 723 along the thickness direction of the side wall 723 (same as the height direction Z of the insulator 72) and extending from the top to the bottom of the side wall 723
  • the structure can be used to make at least part of the insulating film 74 protrude into the groove 721 through the first gap 723c to adhere to the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73 .
  • the projected shape of the first notch 723c along the width direction Y of the insulating member 72 is a rectangle.
  • the projected shape (cross-sectional shape in the xoz plane) of the first notch 723c along the length direction Y of the insulating member 72 can also be a triangle, Trapezoidal, fan-shaped and other shapes are not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first notch 723c can be formed on the side wall 723 by turning, milling, etc., or the side wall 723 with the first notch 723c can be formed by mold processing.
  • the first notch 723c is provided on the side wall 723 of the insulator 72, so that the insulating film 74 can protrude into the groove 721 through the first notch 723c to attach the current collecting member 73.
  • the insulating film 74 It is not easy to wrinkle, so that the flat insulating film 74 can cover the inner surface of the current collecting member 73 facing the electrode assembly 71 as much as possible, reducing the risk of exposed areas on the inner surface of the current collecting member 73 facing the electrode assembly 71, thereby reducing the current collection
  • the risk of an internal short circuit caused by the inner surface of the member 73 being in contact with the other pole increases the safety of the battery cell 7 .
  • the sidewall 723 may include a first sidewall 723a arranged along the length direction X of the insulating member 72 and a second sidewall arranged along the width direction Y of the insulating member 72 723b, the first notch 723c is disposed at an end of the first side wall 723a close to the second side wall 723b.
  • two current-collecting members 73 for respectively connecting the tabs and electrode terminals of different polarities are usually located at both ends of the inner surface of the insulator 72. Therefore, when the current-collecting member 73 approaches the second side
  • the first notch 723c can be arranged at the end of the first side wall 723a close to the second side wall 723b, so that the insulating film 74 can pass through the first notch 723c to approach
  • the end of the current collecting member 73 is attached to reduce the possibility of interference between the insulating film 74 and the first side wall 723a during the attachment process.
  • first notches 723c may be provided at both ends of the insulating member 72 .
  • the first notch 723c can also be set according to the installation position of the current collecting member 73, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are partial enlarged views at K in FIG. 7 .
  • the bottom surface S2 of the first notch 723 c is flush with the bottom wall 722 of the insulating member 72 .
  • the bottom surface S2 of the first notch is flush with the bottom wall 722 of the insulator 72, which means that the height of the bottom surface S2 of the first notch in the Z direction shown in the figure is equal or approximately equal to the height of the bottom wall 722 of the insulator 72, and It does not mean flush in the strict sense, but it can be considered that part of the side wall corresponding to this position has been removed.
  • the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73 is higher than the bottom wall 722 of the insulator 72 in the groove 721, so that when the insulating film 74 When extending into the first notch 723c to attach the inner surface S1 of the current collecting member 73, it will not interfere with the first side wall 723a and wrinkle, thereby reducing the probability of wrinkling of the insulating film 74 and improving the safety of the battery cell 7 sex.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between the current collecting member 73 and the insulator 72 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the current collecting member 73 includes a body part 731 and a bent part 732 formed by bending one end of the body part 731 close to the second side wall 723b.
  • the body part 731 is fixed in the groove 721, and the bent part 732 goes from the inside of the groove 721 to the outside.
  • the inner surface of the bent portion 732 (covered by the insulating film 74 in the figure, not shown) faces the electrode assembly 71 , and at least part of the insulating film 74 is attached to the inner surface S3 of the bent portion 732 .
  • the body portion 731 refers to the part of the current collecting member 73 extending along the length direction X of the insulator 72 and used to be attached in the groove 721 of the insulator 72 .
  • the bent portion 732 refers to the portion formed by bending the current collecting member 73 at one end of the main body portion 731 close to the second side wall 723 b , and the bent portion 732 extends from the groove 721 to the outside.
  • the current collecting member 73 is suitable for the electrode assembly 71 in which the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b are respectively arranged at both ends (the first tab 71a and the second tab 71b are not shown in the figure ), specifically, the bent portion 732 is used to connect with the first tab 71a or the second tab 71b, optionally, the first tab 71a or the second tab 71b can be welded to the bent portion 732 facing away from The surface of the electrode assembly 71 . In this way, an insulating film 74 may also be pasted on the surface of the bent portion 732 facing the electrode assembly 71 to prevent the inner surface of the bent portion 732 from forming an internal short circuit with the electrode assembly.
  • the body part 731 and the bent part 732 can be an integral structure, for example, the bent part 732 is a structure formed by bending the body part 731 itself at one end close to the second side wall 723b, that is, the body part 731 and the bending portion 732 are integrally formed.
  • the body part 731 and the bending part 732 can also be a multi-piece structure, for example, the body part 731 and the bending part 732 are configured to be There is an included angle between them, and they are fixed as a whole by electrical connectors, finally presenting a bent shape as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the electrical connectors can be bolts, screws or other conductive metal connectors. These metal connectors can not only fix the body part 731 and the bending part 732, but also have the effect of electrical connection.
  • the bending angle between the main body portion 731 and the bending portion 732 is 90 degrees.
  • the bending angle between the main body portion 731 and the bending portion 732 can also be approximately 90 degrees, or other angles that are compatible with the insulating member 72, An angle at which the electrode components 71 can be better matched.
  • both the main body portion 731 and the bending portion 732 are substantially plate-shaped.
  • the body portion 731 and the bent portion 732 can also be in other shapes, such as a block structure, as long as it facilitates the electrical connection between the current collecting member 73 and the electrode assembly 71 and the electrode terminals. structures are applicable.
  • the outer surface of the bent portion 732 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 71 , and then connected to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 7 through the body portion 731 connected to the bent portion 732 .
  • FIG. 10 is a partial enlarged view at point M in FIG. 9 .
  • the minimum width D1 of the first notch 723 c is greater than or equal to the maximum thickness D2 of the insulating film 74 .
  • the minimum width D1 of the first notch 723c along the X direction is the narrowest place through which the insulating film 74 vertically extends into the groove 721, so that the size of this position is greater than or equal to the maximum thickness D2 of the insulating film 74.
  • the first side wall 723a may not interfere with the insulating film 74 and cause the insulating film 74 to wrinkle, thereby avoiding affecting the attachment of the insulating film 74 Effect.
  • the minimum width D1 of the first notch 723c can be set to be much larger than the maximum thickness D2 of the insulating film 74. In this way, the requirements for the control accuracy when the insulating film 74 extends in are relatively low. , It is convenient to operate the equipment for film sticking or to manually stick the film.
  • the first notch 723c faces the second side wall
  • the side S4 of 723b is closer to the second side wall 723b.
  • the first notch 723c faces the side S4 of the second sidewall 723b, that is, one of the two sides of the first notch 723c perpendicular to the length direction X of the insulating member 72 is closer to the second sidewall 723b.
  • a part of the bent portion 732 can be positioned in the width direction Y of the insulating member 72.
  • the first gap is exposed, so that the insulating film 74 will not interfere with the side wall 723 of the groove 721 and wrinkle when it extends into the groove 721 and approaches the inner surface S3 of the bent portion 732. It can reduce the phenomenon that the area is exposed when attaching the inner surface of the bent portion 732 .
  • At least part of the first sidewall 723a covers the surface S5 of the bent portion 732 facing the first sidewall 723a.
  • At least part of the first side wall 723a means that the first notch 723c opened on the first side wall 723a does not extend to the second side wall 723b along the length direction X of the insulating member 72, and the first notch 723c is close to the second side wall 723b.
  • One side of the side wall 723b also reserves a part of the first side wall 723a, which may form a right angle structure with the second side wall 723b, or form an arc-shaped corner structure, or may not be connected with the second side wall 723b. A connection is formed, but a gap exists.
  • the part of the first side wall 723a is formed at both ends of the bent part 732 along the width direction Y of the insulator 72 and the bent part 732 is sandwiched in the middle, so that the part of the first side wall 723a and the adjacent second side
  • the walls 723 b can jointly position the current collecting member 73 , and can prevent the current collecting member 73 from being displaced along the length direction X and the width direction Y of the insulator 72 during installation, which facilitates installation.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged view at N in FIG. 9 .
  • the bent portion 732 includes a first end 732 a close to the bottom wall 722 , and second notches 732 b are disposed on two sides of the first end 732 a close to the first side wall 723 a.
  • the second notch 732b is opened on both sides of the first end 732 on the bent portion 732 .
  • the projection shape of the second notch 732b along the length direction X of the insulating member 72 is a rectangle.
  • the rectangular notch itself is easy to be processed due to its regular shape; those skilled in the art should understand that what is shown in the figure is only an example.
  • the projected shape of the second notch 732b along the length direction X of the insulator 72 can also be Triangular, trapezoidal, fan-shaped and other shapes are not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the second notch 732b can be formed on the first side wall 723a by turning, milling, etc., or the first side wall 723a with the second notch 732b can be formed by mold processing. Since the area of the bent portion 732 close to the bottom wall 722 of the insulating member 72 is close to the bent portion, it is not easy to stick the insulating film 74 , and the insulating film 74 is easy to wrinkle.
  • the second notch 732b can be extended toward the bottom wall 722 of the insulating member 72 to the bottom wall 722, so that part of the position that is not easy to be attached due to the wrinkling of the insulating film 74 can be removed, or, The size of the insulating film 74 at this position can be correspondingly reduced, so as to reduce the probability that this region is partially exposed when the insulating film 74 is wrinkled.
  • the bent portion 732 extends outward from the groove 721 , and the “extending direction of the bent portion 732 ” refers to a direction parallel to the height direction Z of the insulator 72 , not the extension direction of the bent portion 732 in a strict sense.
  • "At least part of the second notch 732b exceeds the second side wall 723b” means that the projection of the second notch 732b along the length direction X of the insulating member 72 does not completely coincide with the projection of the second side wall 723b, and there is a part of the second notch 732b
  • the projection of is located on the side close to the electrode assembly 71 of the projection of the second side wall 723b.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例涉及电池技术领域，提供了一种电池单体、电池和用电装置。该电池单体包括：电极组件；绝缘件，绝缘件包括底壁和侧壁，底壁和侧壁围合形成凹槽，凹槽的开口朝向电极组件；集流构件，用于与电极组件电连接，至少部分的集流构件固定于凹槽内；绝缘膜，贴附于集流构件的内表面，集流构件的内表面朝向电极组件；其中，侧壁设置有第一缺口，第一缺口用于使至少部分的绝缘膜经由第一缺口伸入凹槽中以贴附集流构件的内表面。通过上述方式，使得在集流构件上贴附绝缘膜时绝缘膜不容易起皱，降低了集流构件朝向电极组件的内表面在贴附绝缘膜后仍存在裸露区域的风险，从而降低了电池单体发生内部短路的风险。

Description

电池单体、电池和用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2021年7月27日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池和用电装置”的中国专利申请(202110853188.4)的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池单体、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体被广泛应用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，安全问题是一个不可忽视的问题，尤其当电池单体的内部发生短路时，容易引起严重的安全事故。因此，如何降低电池单体发生内部短路的概率以提高电池单体的安全性能，是该领域中一直备受关注的一个问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池和用电装置，其能降低电池单体发生内部短路的概率，提高电池单体的安全性能。
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件；绝缘件，绝缘件包括底壁和侧壁，底壁和侧壁围合形成凹槽，凹槽的开口朝向电极组件；集流构件，用于与电极组件电连接，至少部分的集流构件固定于凹槽内；绝缘膜，贴附于集流构件的内表面，集流构件的内表面朝向电极组件；其中，侧壁设置有第一缺口，第一缺口用于使至少部分的绝缘膜经由第一缺口伸入凹槽中以贴附集流构件的内表面。
本申请实施例的电池单体中，通过在绝缘件的侧壁设置第一缺口，使得绝缘膜能够通过第一缺口伸入凹槽内进行贴附，降低了由于绝缘膜和凹槽侧壁发生干涉而导致绝缘膜起皱的概率，以降低集流构件朝向电极组件的内表面在贴附绝缘膜后仍存在裸露区域的风险，从而降低集流构件的该内表面与另一极的极片接触造成的内部短路风险，提高了电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，第一缺口的底面与绝缘件的底壁平齐。
通过使第一缺口的底面与绝缘件的底壁齐平，使得通过第一缺口伸入的绝缘膜能够直接贴附到集流构件的内表面，以降低绝缘膜在伸入时就因为干涉而起皱的概率，避免影响后续绝缘膜的进一步贴附。
在一些实施例中，侧壁包括沿绝缘件的长度方向设置的第一侧壁和沿绝缘件的宽度方向设置的第二侧壁，第一缺口设置于第一侧壁靠近第二侧壁的一端。
通过将第一缺口设置在第一侧壁靠近第二侧壁的一端，使得绝缘膜能够通过伸入第一缺口以靠近集流构件的端部并进行贴附，以使贴附绝缘膜更加方便。
在一些实施例中，集流构件包括本体部以及在本体部靠近第二侧壁的一端弯折形成的弯折部，本体部固定于凹槽内，弯折部从凹槽内往外延伸，弯折部的内表面朝向电极组件，至少部分的绝缘膜贴附于弯折部的内表面。
当集流构件为包括本体部和弯折部的结构时，弯折部朝向电极组件的内表面如果存在裸露区域同样可能导致电池单体发生内部短路，通过将绝缘膜贴附在弯折部的内表面，能够降低弯折部出现裸露区域的概率，从而提高电池单体的安全性。
在一些实施例中，在绝缘件的长度方向，第一缺口的宽度大于或等于绝缘膜的厚度。
当使绝缘膜贴附于弯折部的内表面时，由于本体部固定于凹槽内，弯折部靠近本体部的一端的内表面容易由于凹槽的侧壁和绝缘膜发生干涉而导致绝缘膜难以贴附完全，使第一缺口的宽度大于或等于绝缘膜的厚度，使绝缘膜能够通过第一缺口伸入以贴附弯折部靠近本体部的一端的内表面。
在一些实施例中，在绝缘件的长度方向，相比于弯折部的内表面，第一缺口朝向第二侧壁的侧面更靠近第二侧壁。
通过将第一缺口朝向第二侧壁的侧面设置比弯折部的内表面更靠近第二侧壁，使得在绝缘膜在伸入凹槽后并向弯折部的内表面靠近的过程中，绝缘膜不与凹槽的侧壁发生干涉而起皱，以降低在贴附弯折部的内表面时出现区域裸露的现象。
在一些实施例中，沿绝缘件的宽度方向，第一侧壁的至少部分投影覆盖弯折部朝向第一侧壁的表面。
这样的实施例中，在开设有第一缺口的基础上，在第二侧壁与第一侧壁的交界区域仍保留有部分的第一侧壁，该部分的第一侧壁能够在集流构件的安装过程中起定位作用，使集流构件沿绝缘件的宽度方向不发生偏移。
在一些实施例中，弯折部包括靠近底壁的第一端，在第一端靠近第一侧壁的两侧设置有第二缺口。
当绝缘膜伸入到第一缺口且向弯折部的内表面靠近以贴附时，绝缘膜容易与第一缺口朝向第二侧壁的侧面发生干涉而起皱，起皱后的绝缘膜对弯折部贴附时，容易在第一端靠近第一侧壁的两侧产生裸露区域，因此，通过设置第二缺口，可以降低裸露区域产生的概率，提高电池单体的安全性。
在一些实施例中，在弯折部的延伸方向，第二缺口的至少部分超出第一侧壁。
当使绝缘膜贴附弯折部的内表面时，由于绝缘膜容易与第一侧壁干涉，通过使第二缺口的至少部分超出第一侧壁，使得容易由于绝缘膜起皱而发生裸露的部分区域被第二缺口所覆盖，以提高电池单体的安全性。
根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例的电池单体。
根据本申请实施例的第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，其中所述电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1是本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3是图2中的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5是图4中电极组件的结构示意图；
图6是本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘膜和集流构件的配合示意图；
图7是图4中的绝缘件的结构示意图；
图8是图7中K处的局部放大图；
图9是本申请一些实施例提供的集流构件和绝缘件的配合示意图；
图10是图9中M处的局部放大图；
图11是图9中N处的局部放大图。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记：
1-车辆、2-电池包、3-控制器、4-马达、5-箱体、6-电池模块；
51-第一箱体部、52-第二箱体部、53-容纳空间；
7-电池单体；
71-电极组件、71a-第一极耳、71b-第二极耳；
72-绝缘件、721-凹槽、722-底壁、723-侧壁、723a-第一侧壁、723b-第二侧壁、723c-第一缺口；
73-集流构件、731-本体部、732-弯折部、732a-第一端、732b-第二缺口；
74-绝缘膜；
75-壳体；
76-端盖；
S1-集流构件的内表面、S2-第一缺口的底面、S3-弯折部的内表面、S4-第一缺口靠近弯折部的侧面、S5-弯折部朝向第一侧壁的表面；
D1-第一缺口的宽度、D2-绝缘膜的宽度；
X-绝缘件的长度方向、Y-绝缘件的宽度方向、Z-绝缘件的高度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量，亦非用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员能够理解本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系。例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
现有的电池单体结构中，通常设置有不同极性的集流构件用于分别连接电极组件的不同极的极耳和端盖上的不同极的电极端子。但是，由于集流构件面向电极组件的表面并不完全用于与电极组件上的极耳相连，而是存在有部分的表面朝向电极组件裸露，当电极组件中的部分极片伸出并与该裸露的表面接触，或者，电池单体内的金属碎屑一端与集流构件相接触，而另一端伸入电极组件中与极片接触时，容易引起电池单体的内部短路，从而造成电池单体发生热失控，引起安全事故。
基于此，对于现有的电池单体，通常需要在集流构件的内表面贴附一层绝缘膜以避免集流构件与另一极电连接从而造成电池单体发生内部短路，但是，为获得在集流构件上的最大过流面积，通常使集流构件的宽度和端盖内表面装配的绝缘件尺寸相近，这也使得在贴附绝缘膜时绝缘膜容易与绝缘件的部分结构如侧壁发生干涉，从而引起绝缘膜起皱，最终导致集流构件的内表面出现部分裸露的区域，使得该电池单体仍然存在发生内部短路的风险。
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种电池单体，该电池单体采用设置有第一缺口的绝缘件，能够使至少部分的绝缘膜经由第一缺口伸入凹槽中以贴附集流构件朝向电极组件的表面，能够使得绝缘膜在贴附时不容易由于与绝缘件的干涉而起皱，以降低集流构件朝向电极组件的表面裸露于电极组件的概率，从而能够降低电池单体发生内部短路的概率，提高电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块，例如，本申请中所提到的电池2可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的 驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池模块6，电池模块6容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池模块6，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52相互盖合，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52共同限定出用于容纳电池模块6的容纳空间53。第二箱体部52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51可以为板状结构，第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5；第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52连接后的密封性，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的顶部，第一箱体部51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体7(图中未示出)为多个。多个电池单体7之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体7中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体7之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体7构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2中的电池模块6的结构示意图。如图3所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
请参阅图4至图7，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，该电池单体7包括电极组件71、绝缘件72、集流构件73和绝缘膜74。绝缘件72包括围合形成凹槽721的底壁722和侧壁723，凹槽721的开口朝向电极组件71。集流构件73用于与电极组件71电连接，至少部分的集流构件73固定于凹槽721内。绝缘膜74用于贴附在集流构件73的内表面S1，并且，集流构件73的内表面S1朝向电极组件71。形成凹槽721的侧壁723上设置有第一缺口723c，第一缺口723c用于使至少部分的绝缘膜74经由第一缺口723c伸入凹槽721中以贴附集流构件73的内表面S1。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体7可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体7可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定，为便于说明，在下述实施例中均以圆柱体形状的电池为示例。电池单体7一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体7的爆炸示意图。电池单体7可以包括电极组件71、绝缘件72、集流构件73、壳体75、端盖76和电解液(图中未示出)，电极组件71可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件(正极极片、负极极片和隔离件在图中均未标出)。电池单体7主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括涂覆有正极活性物质层的正极集流部。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括涂覆有负极活性物质层的负极集流部。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
此外，电极组件71可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。 壳体75可以为一端具有开口，也可以在两端具有开口，端盖76盖合于壳体75的开口处，以与壳体75共同形成容纳电极组件71和电解液的容纳空间。可选地，壳体75和端盖76可以为同一种材料制成，例如壳体75和端盖76可以均为铝制，这样，可以便于焊接壳体75和端盖76，或者，壳体75和端盖76也可以为不同的材料制成，例如，壳体75和端盖76可以分别采用不同金属制成，并且，可以使用铆接等其他的连接方法连接壳体75和端盖76。
请参见图5，图5为图4中电极组件71的结构示意图。电极组件71包括有至少两个极性相反的极耳(图中以第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b示出，下述内容中也以第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b为示例)，第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b分别为正极极耳和负极极耳，两者可以都位于电极组件71的一端，也可以分别位于电极组件71的两端。第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b用于分别连接不同极性的集流构件73，可选地，第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b可以采用焊接的方式连接至集流构件73上。
请参见图4和图5，集流构件73通常被设置于绝缘件72和电极组件71之间，对应电极组件71上的第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b，集流构件73可以为两个，用于分别将第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b与端盖76上的不同极性的电极端子电连接，集流构件73可以由金属材料制成，例如，当第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b分别为铜制和铝制时，对应地，两个集流构件73也可以分别为铜制和铝制。在图中所示的具体实施例中，集流构件73为片状结构。本领域技术人员应当理解，在其他实施例中，集流构件73也可以为其他形状，例如板状、块状结构。在将集流构件73安装至电池单体7上时，可以将至少部分的集流构件73固定于凹槽721内，也可以将全部的集流构件73固定于凹槽721内，例如，当集流构件73为平整的板状结构，可以通过将集流构件73的一端焊接至凹槽721内以固定，并使得集流构件73整体位于凹槽内；又例如，当集流构件73存在弯折的结构，可以使得集流构件73在固定至凹槽721后仍有部分伸出凹槽721外。
请继续参见图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘膜74和集流构件73的配合示意图。在集流构件73的内表面S1可以贴附有绝缘膜74，集流构件73的内表面S1是指集流构件73朝向电极组件71的表面，如图示，绝缘膜74可以贴附于集流构件73上没有用于焊接极耳的部分内表面，以防止这部分的内表面与电极组件71内的另一极极片直接接触形成短路，或者，防止在金属碎屑的间接搭接下该表面与电极组件71内的另一极极片电连接形成短路。绝缘膜74由绝缘材料制成，例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene glycol terephthalate，PET)。绝缘膜74的表面可以具有适当的粘性，从而可以使绝缘膜74可以较好地贴附于集流构件73的内表面S1。在本申请实施例中，可以选用带有粘性的绝缘膜74，也可以选用不带粘性的绝缘膜74，并在其表面涂覆粘结剂，或者在集流构件73的内表面涂覆粘结剂，也便于绝缘膜74的贴附。
请参见图7，图7为图4中绝缘件72的结构示意图。绝缘件72是指安装在端盖76的内侧并用于使端盖76和电极组件71之间相互绝缘的部件。绝缘件72可以由绝缘材料例如塑胶制成，在图中所示的实施例中，绝缘件72的底壁722和侧壁723均为板状结构，围合以形成方形的凹槽721，凹槽721的开口朝向电极组件71。本领域技术人员应当理解，在其他实施例中，底壁722和侧壁723也可以为其他形状，例如块状、弧状结构，只要是可以围合构成凹槽721的结构均可适用。凹槽721的深度需满足集流构件73可以容纳于该凹槽721内。本领域技术人员应当理解，底壁722和侧壁723可以为一体式结构，例如通过车削、铣削或冲压等工艺加工形成带有凹槽721的绝缘件72，或者通过模具加工形成带有凹槽721的绝缘件72，也即底壁722和侧壁723一体成型。在其他实施例中，底壁722和侧壁723也可以为单独的部件，通过连接固定为一体，最终形成带有凹槽721的绝缘件72。连接方式可以为螺纹连接，例如通过螺栓、螺钉等连接件将底壁722和侧壁723固定连接；连接方式还可以是胶粘，例如通过粘结剂将底壁722和侧壁723粘结为一体。在将绝缘件72安装至电池单体7后，绝缘件72的部分结构可以抵接在电极组件71朝向端盖76的表面，这样，当电池单体7遇到晃动、震动等的情况时，绝缘件72能够对电极组件71提供一定的支撑力，使得放置于壳体75中的电极组件71不容易发生位置移动从而影响极耳和集流构件73的连接稳定性。
凹槽721是由底壁722和侧壁723围合形成的，底壁722在安装时用于贴附在端盖76的内表面，侧壁723可以由底壁722的边缘朝向电极组件71延伸形成，侧壁723可以间隔地分布在底壁722的边缘并直接抵接于电极组件71以减少其晃动。侧壁723上设置有第一缺口723c，第一缺 口723c是指沿侧壁723的厚度方向(与绝缘件72的高度方向Z相同)贯通侧壁723并从侧壁723的顶部向底部延伸形成的结构，该结构可以用于使至少部分的绝缘膜74经由第一缺口723c伸入凹槽721中以贴附集流构件73的内表面S1。在图中所示的具体实施例中，第一缺口723c沿绝缘件72的宽度方向Y的投影形状为矩形。矩形缺口由于形状规整，自身容易被加工；且矩形缺口沿绝缘件72的高度方向Z的尺寸较为接近，能够方便绝缘膜74沿绝缘件72的高度方向Z伸入到凹槽721中进行贴附，从而降低绝缘膜74起皱的概率。本领域技术人员应当理解，图中所示仅为范例，在其他实施例中，第一缺口723c沿绝缘件72的长度方向Y的投影形状(在xoz平面内的截面形状)还可以为三角形、梯形、扇形等其他形状，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。第一缺口723c可以通过车削、铣削等工艺在侧壁723上加工形成，或者通过模具加工形成带有第一缺口723c的侧壁723。
通过在绝缘件72的侧壁723上设置第一缺口723c，使得绝缘膜74可以通过第一缺口723c伸入到凹槽721内对集流构件73进行贴附，在贴附过程中绝缘膜74不容易起皱，使得平整的绝缘膜74可以尽可能地覆盖集流构件73朝向电极组件71的内表面，降低集流构件73朝向电极组件71的内表面存在裸露区域的风险，从而降低集流构件73的该内表面与另一极接触造成的内部短路风险，提高了电池单体7的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请继续参见图7，侧壁723可以包括沿绝缘件72的长度方向X设置的第一侧壁723a和沿绝缘件72的宽度方向Y设置的第二侧壁723b，第一缺口723c设置于第一侧壁723a靠近第二侧壁723b的一端。
在电池单体7中，用于分别连接不同极性的极耳和电极端子的两个集流构件73通常位于绝缘件72内表面的两端，因此，当从集流构件73靠近第二侧壁723b的端部开始贴附绝缘膜74时，可以将第一缺口723c设置于第一侧壁723a靠近第二侧壁723b的一端，以便于绝缘膜74能够通过伸入第一缺口723c以靠近集流构件73的端部并进行贴附，减少在贴附过程中绝缘膜74和第一侧壁723a发生干涉的可能。可选地，由于绝缘件72的内表面的两端都贴附有绝缘膜74，可以在绝缘件72两端都设置有第一缺口723c。第一缺口723c也可以依据集流构件73的安装位置设置，本申请对此不作限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图7和图8，图8是图7中K处的局部放大图。沿绝缘件72的高度方向Z，第一缺口723c的底面S2与绝缘件72的底壁722平齐。第一缺口的底面S2与绝缘件72的底壁722平齐是指第一缺口的底面S2在图中所示Z方向上的高度与绝缘件72的底壁722的高度相等或大致相等，并不是指严格意义上的平齐，可以认为是去除了该位置对应的部分侧壁。由于集流构件73贴附在绝缘件72的底壁722上，因此，集流构件73的内表面S1在凹槽721中是高于绝缘件72的底壁722的，这样，当绝缘膜74伸入第一缺口723c以贴附集流构件73的内表面S1时，不会与第一侧壁723a发生干涉而起皱，从而降低绝缘膜74起皱的概率，提高电池单体7的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图9，图9是本申请一些实施例提供的集流构件73和绝缘件72的配合示意图。集流构件73包括本体部731以及在本体部731靠近第二侧壁723b的一端弯折形成的弯折部732，本体部731固定于凹槽721内，弯折部732从凹槽721内往外延伸，弯折部732的内表面(图中被绝缘膜74所覆盖，未示出)朝向电极组件71，至少部分的绝缘膜74贴附于弯折部732的内表面S3。
当集流构件73包括弯折结构时，本体部731是指集流构件73沿着绝缘件72的长度方向X延伸并用于贴附在绝缘件72的凹槽721内的部分。区别于本体部731，弯折部732是指集流构件73在本体部731靠近第二侧壁723b的一端弯折形成的部分，弯折部732从凹槽721内往外延伸。在这些实施例中，集流构件73适用于第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b分别布置在两端的电极组件71(第一极耳71a和第二极耳71b在图中皆未示出)，具体地，弯折部732用于与第一极耳71a或第二极耳71b连接，可选地，可以将第一极耳71a或第二极耳71b焊接于弯折部732背向电极组件71的表面。这样，在弯折部732朝向电极组件71的表面还可以贴附绝缘膜74，用于防止弯折部732的内表面与电极组件形成内部短路。
本领域技术人员应当理解，本体部731和弯折部732可以为一体式结构，例如弯折部732 为本体部731自身在靠近第二侧壁723b的一端弯折形成的结构，也即本体部731和弯折部732一体成型。本领域技术人员应当理解，图中所示仅为范例，在其他实施例中，本体部731和弯折部732也可以为多件式结构，例如本体部731和弯折部732被配置为互相之间呈一夹角，并通过电性连接件固定为一体，最终呈现如图9所示之弯折形态。电性连接件可以是螺栓、螺钉或者其他可导电之金属连接件，这些金属连接件不仅可起到固定本体部731和弯折部732的作用，还可以起到电性连接之效果。
在图中所示的具体实施例中，本体部731和弯折部732之间的弯折夹角为90度。本领域技术人员应当理解，图中所示仅为范例，在其他实施例中，本体部731和弯折部732之间的弯折夹角还可以为大致90度，或者其他与绝缘件72、电极组件71之间可以较好配合的角度。
在图中所示的具体实施例中，本体部731以及弯折部732均大致呈板状结构。本领域技术人员应当理解，在其他实施例中，本体部731以及弯折部732也可以为其他形状，例如块状结构，只要是便于集流构件73与电极组件71以及电极端子的电连接的结构均可适用。弯折部732的外表面与电极组件71电连接，然后通过与弯折部732连接的本体部731连接到电池单体7的电极端子。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图9和图10，图10是图9中M处的局部放大图。在绝缘件72的长度方向X，第一缺口723c的最小宽度D1大于或等于绝缘膜74的最大厚度D2。第一缺口723c沿X方向的最小宽度D1即绝缘膜74垂直伸入凹槽721时需要通过的最窄处，使该处的尺寸大于或等于绝缘膜74的最大厚度D2，这样，当将绝缘膜74垂直地伸入凹槽721中用于贴附集流构件73时，可以使得第一侧壁723a不与绝缘膜74发生干涉导致绝缘膜74起皱，从而避免影响绝缘膜74的贴附效果。本领域技术人员应当理解，在其他实施例中，可以将第一缺口723c的最小宽度D1设置为远大于绝缘膜74的最大厚度D2，这样，对绝缘膜74伸入时的控制精度要求较低，便于操作贴膜的设备或便于人工贴膜。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请继续参见图9和10，在绝缘件72沿长度方向X的一端，相比于弯折部732的内表面S3，第一缺口723c的朝向第二侧壁723b的侧面S4更靠近第二侧壁723b。
第一缺口723c朝向第二侧壁723b的侧面S4，也即第一缺口723c上垂直绝缘件72的长度方向X的两个侧面中更靠近第二侧壁723b的一个。通过将第一缺口723c朝向第二侧壁723b的侧面S4设置比弯折部732的内表面S3更靠近第二侧壁723b，使得一部分的弯折部732能够在绝缘件72的宽度方向Y上通过第一缺口裸露，这样，绝缘膜74在伸入凹槽721后并向弯折部732的内表面S3靠近的过程中，就不会与凹槽721的侧壁723发生干涉而打皱，可以降低在贴附弯折部732的内表面时出现区域裸露的现象。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请继续参见图9和图10，沿绝缘件72的宽度方向Y，第一侧壁723a的至少部分覆盖弯折部732朝向第一侧壁723a的表面S5。第一侧壁723a的至少部分是指开设在第一侧壁723a上的第一缺口723c没有沿着绝缘件72的长度方向X延伸至第二侧壁723b上，在第一缺口723c靠近第二侧壁723b的一侧，还预留有部分的第一侧壁723a，该部分可以与第二侧壁723b形成直角结构，也可以形成弧形的拐角结构，也可以不与第二侧壁723b形成连接，而是存在间隙。该部分第一侧壁723a形成在弯折部732沿绝缘件72的宽度方向Y的两端并将弯折部732夹设在中间，这样，该部分第一侧壁723a和附近的第二侧壁723b能够共同对集流构件73起定位作用，能够使得集流构件73在安装过程中不容易沿绝缘件72的长度方向X和宽度方向Y发生位移，便于安装。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请参见图9和图11，图11是图9中N处的局部放大图。弯折部732包括靠近底壁722的第一端732a，在第一端732a靠近第一侧壁723a的两侧设置有第二缺口732b。
第二缺口732b开设于弯折部732上第一端732的两侧，在一些实施例中，第二缺口732b沿绝缘件72的长度方向X的投影形状为矩形。矩形缺口由于形状规整，自身容易被加工；本领域技术人员应当理解，图中所示仅为范例，在其他实施例中，第二缺口732b沿绝缘件72的长度方向X的投影形状还可以为三角形、梯形、扇形等其他形状，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。第二缺口732b可以通过车削、铣削等工艺在第一侧壁723a上加工形成，或者通过模具加工形成带有第二 缺口732b的第一侧壁723a。由于弯折部732上靠近绝缘件72的底壁722的区域靠近弯折处，因此不容易贴附绝缘膜74，绝缘膜74容易起皱。可选地，可以使第二缺口732b朝向绝缘件72的底壁722的方向延伸至底壁722处，这样，可以去掉部分由于绝缘膜74起皱而不容易被贴附到的位置，或者，可以相应地减少绝缘膜74在该位置的尺寸，以降低绝缘膜74起皱时该区域存在部分裸露的概率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，请继续参见图9、图10和图11，在弯折部732的延伸方向(与绝缘件72的高度方向Z方向相同，图中以Z方向示出)，第二缺口732b的至少部分超出第二侧壁723b。
弯折部732是从凹槽721往外延伸，“弯折部732的延伸方向”是指平行于绝缘件72的高度方向Z的方向，并不是指严格意义上的弯折部732的延伸方向。“第二缺口732b的至少部分超出第二侧壁723b”是指第二缺口732b沿绝缘件72的长度方向X的投影与第二侧壁723b的投影不完全重合，有部分的第二缺口732b的投影位于第二侧壁723b的投影靠近电极组件71的一侧。这样，当使绝缘膜74贴附弯折部732的内表面S3时，由于绝缘膜74容易与第一侧壁723a干涉，通过使第二缺口732b的至少部分超出第一侧壁723a，使得容易由于绝缘膜74打皱而发生裸露的较多区域被第二缺口732b所覆盖，以提高电池单体7的安全性。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    电极组件；
    绝缘件，所述绝缘件包括底壁和侧壁，所述底壁和所述侧壁围合形成凹槽，所述凹槽的开口朝向所述电极组件；
    集流构件，用于与所述电极组件电连接，至少部分的所述集流构件固定于所述凹槽内；
    绝缘膜，贴附于所述集流构件的内表面，所述集流构件的所述内表面朝向所述电极组件；
    其中，所述侧壁设置有第一缺口，所述第一缺口用于使至少部分的所述绝缘膜经由所述第一缺口伸入所述凹槽中以贴附所述集流构件的所述内表面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一缺口的底面与所述绝缘件的所述底壁平齐。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，在所述绝缘件的长度方向，所述第一缺口的宽度大于或等于所述绝缘膜的厚度。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述侧壁包括沿所述绝缘件的长度方向设置的第一侧壁和沿所述绝缘件的宽度方向设置的第二侧壁，所述第一缺口设置于所述第一侧壁靠近所述第二侧壁的一端。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件包括本体部以及在所述本体部靠近所述第二侧壁的一端弯折形成的弯折部，所述本体部固定于所述凹槽内，所述弯折部从所述凹槽内往外延伸，所述弯折部的所述内表面朝向所述电极组件，所述绝缘膜贴附于所述弯折部的所述内表面。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，在所述绝缘件的所述长度方向，相比于所述弯折部的所述内表面，所述第一缺口朝向所述第二侧壁的侧面更靠近所述第二侧壁。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述绝缘件的所述宽度方向，所述第一侧壁的至少部分投影覆盖所述弯折部的朝向所述第一侧壁的表面。
  8. 如权利要求5或7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述弯折部包括靠近所述底壁的第一端，在所述第一端的靠近所述第一侧壁的两侧设置有第二缺口。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，在所述弯折部的延伸方向，所述第二缺口的至少部分超出所述第一侧壁。
  10. 一种电池，其中，电池包括如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池单体。
  11. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求10所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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