WO2024016451A1 - 顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016451A1
WO2024016451A1 PCT/CN2022/118457 CN2022118457W WO2024016451A1 WO 2024016451 A1 WO2024016451 A1 WO 2024016451A1 CN 2022118457 W CN2022118457 W CN 2022118457W WO 2024016451 A1 WO2024016451 A1 WO 2024016451A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
top cover
cover assembly
adapter piece
battery
collecting plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/118457
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜香龙
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024016451A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016451A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and specifically discloses a top cover assembly, battery cells, batteries and electrical equipment.
  • this application provides a top cover assembly, battery cells, batteries and electrical equipment, which can effectively solve the problem of fatigue fracture at the connection between the current collecting plate and the adapter piece.
  • this application provides a top cover assembly, which includes:
  • Electrode terminals the electrode terminals are inserted through the top cover sheet;
  • An adapter piece, the adapter piece is connected to the electrode terminal;
  • a current collecting plate, the current collecting plate is connected to the adapter piece, and a first bending portion is formed at the connection between the current collecting plate and the adapter piece;
  • the buffering member is connected to the adapter piece and/or to the collecting plate, and when the first bending part is in a bent state, the buffering member is disposed on the adapter between the piece and the current collecting plate, and the two ends of the buffer member are respectively in contact with the adapter piece and the current collecting plate.
  • a buffer member is provided, and when the first bending part is in a bent state, the buffer member is arranged between the adapter piece and the current collecting plate, and the two ends of the buffer member are respectively connected to the adapter piece.
  • the buffering member In contact with the collecting plate, when the top cover assembly vibrates, the buffering member can provide a buffering force for the adapter piece during its movement toward the collecting plate, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the adapter piece relative to the collecting plate, thereby reducing the The squeezing force on the first bending part prevents the first bending part from breaking under long-term vibration and extrusion, ensuring the safety and reliability of battery use and extending the service life of the battery.
  • the top cover assembly further includes a lower plastic.
  • the lower plastic is provided on one side of the top cover sheet and is non-conductively connected to the top cover sheet.
  • the interior of the lower plastic A first receiving cavity is formed, and when the first bending portion of the bending portion is in a bent state, the adapter piece and the collecting plate are jointly located in the first receiving cavity.
  • the adapter piece and the current collecting plate are jointly arranged in the first receiving cavity, and the adapter piece and the current collecting plate are protected by lower plastic to prevent scratches and damage to the adapter piece and the current collecting plate.
  • the part where the electrode terminals are connected to the adapter sheet is located in the first receiving cavity, which can effectively avoid conductive phenomena between the electrode terminals and the top cover sheet and prevent the top cover assembly from occurring. Leakage phenomenon further improves the safety and reliability of battery use.
  • the lower plastic is provided with a first insertion hole for the electrode terminal to pass through, and/or the lower plastic is provided with a pressure relief hole on the top cover sheet.
  • the mechanism has diversion holes arranged opposite to each other.
  • One end of the electrode terminal is connected to the adapter piece and is located in the first receiving cavity of the lower plastic.
  • the other end of the electrode terminal passes through the first plug hole and further passes through the top cover piece to provide external power supply.
  • the top cover assembly further includes an upper plastic, which is provided on the other side of the top cover sheet and is non-conductively connected to the top cover sheet, and the electrode terminals are in turn Pass through the lower plastic, the top cover sheet and the upper plastic. Pass the electrode terminal through the lower plastic, the top cover piece and the upper plastic in sequence, so that the upper plastic and the lower plastic are respectively provided between the two ends of the electrode terminal and the top cover piece, thereby preventing the electrode terminal from contacting the top cover through the upper plastic and the lower plastic. conductive connection to prevent leakage of the top cover assembly.
  • the top cover assembly further includes a fixing member, the fixing member is provided on a side of the upper plastic facing away from the top cover piece, and the electrode terminal passes through the upper plastic and Fixedly connected to the fixing piece.
  • the electrode terminal is fixed by setting a fixing piece to prevent the electrode terminal from bending, further prevent the electrode terminal from being electrically connected to the top cover sheet, and prevent the top cover assembly from leaking electricity.
  • the fixing member is a conductive block. Connecting the electrode terminal to the conductive block can increase the conductive area of the electrode terminal, thereby facilitating external power supply.
  • a second receiving cavity is formed inside the upper plastic, and at least part of the fixing member is provided in the second receiving cavity.
  • the fixing part is arranged in the second receiving cavity to fix the position of the fixing part to prevent the fixing part from deflecting.
  • the contact between the fixing part and the top cover piece is isolated by applying plastic to further avoid the occurrence of leakage of the top cover assembly.
  • the top cover assembly further includes a connecting portion connected to the adapter piece, or the connecting portion and the adapter piece are an integral structure.
  • a second bending portion is provided between the connecting portion and the adapter piece, and the adapter piece is connected to the electrode terminal through the connecting portion.
  • the connecting part is provided with a connecting hole, and the electrode terminal is inserted through the connecting hole and connected to the connecting part.
  • the electrode terminal is inserted through the connection hole and connected to the connection part to realize the conductive connection between the electrode terminal and the connection part, and then the conductive connection between the electrode terminal and the battery tab is realized through the adapter piece and the current collecting plate, so that the external conduction is carried out through the electrode terminal
  • the connection hole can effectively fix the electrode terminal, prevent the electrode terminal from being separated from the connecting part, and prevent the battery from being disconnected.
  • the adapter piece when the first bending part and the second bending part of the bending part are respectively in a bent state, the adapter piece is connected to the current collecting plate and the The connecting parts are arranged in parallel. Arranging the adapter piece in parallel with the current collecting plate and the connecting part respectively can reduce the space occupied by the top cover assembly in the axial direction, and accordingly can increase the space occupation rate of the electrode assembly, thereby increasing the battery power.
  • the buffer member is a spring
  • both ends of the spring are connected to the adapter piece and the collecting plate respectively. Connecting both ends of the spring to the adapter piece and the collecting plate respectively can improve the connection strength of the spring and ensure that the spring will not deflect during the extrusion process, thus ensuring the buffering effect of the adapter piece during vibration. .
  • the top cover sheet is provided with a mounting hole, the electrode terminal is inserted through the mounting hole, and a sealing ring is provided between the electrode terminal and the mounting hole.
  • the present application provides a battery cell having the top cover assembly in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides a battery having the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electrical device having the battery in the above embodiment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the top cover assembly with the first bending portion in a semi-bent state according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the top cover assembly with the first bending portion in a semi-bent state according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the adapter piece and the current collecting plate when the first bending part is in a semi-bent state according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the top cover assembly with the first bending portion in a bent state according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A of the top cover assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded structural diagram of a top cover assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the adapter piece and the current collecting plate when the first bending part is in a straight state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 60 Lower plastic, 61: First receiving cavity, 62: First plug hole, 63: Diversion hole;
  • a first feature "on” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features may be in direct contact. Indirect contact through intermediaries.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature is above the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • "Below”, “below” and “beneath” the first feature to the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. .
  • energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations
  • electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace.
  • a valve plate is generally installed on the top cover of the power battery.
  • the power battery's The valve can be opened in time to discharge the gas generated inside the power battery, thereby improving the safety of the power battery.
  • the battery tabs and electrode terminals are usually connected by using current collecting plates and adapter sheets.
  • the current collecting plate is welded to the battery tab
  • the adapter piece is welded to the electrode terminal.
  • the effect of vibration improves the vibration resistance of the battery.
  • the bending part is prone to fatigue fracture, causing the battery to open circuit, thus affecting the service life of the battery.
  • the applicant found that by arranging a buffer member between the current collecting plate and the adapter piece, when the top cover assembly vibrates, the buffer The component can provide buffering force for the adapter piece during its movement toward the collecting plate, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the adapter piece relative to the collecting plate, thereby reducing the squeezing force on the bending part and preventing the bending part from being damaged in the long term. Breakage occurs under vibration and extrusion, ensuring the safety and reliability of battery use and extending battery life.
  • the inventor has designed a top cover assembly after in-depth research.
  • the buffer member is connected to the adapter piece and/or the current collecting plate, and serves as a gap between the adapter piece and the current collecting plate.
  • the buffer member is arranged between the adapter plate and the current collecting plate, thereby providing a buffering force for the adapter plate in the vibration direction and effectively preventing the bending between the current collecting plate and the adapter plate. Fatigue fracture occurs at the fold.
  • the present application provides a top cover assembly, as well as battery cells, batteries, and electrical equipment using the battery including the top cover assembly.
  • This top cover assembly is suitable for any battery, such as battery modules and battery packs, or primary batteries and secondary batteries.
  • secondary batteries include nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid (or lead-acid) batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc. Batteries, sodium-ion batteries, polymer batteries, etc.
  • This kind of battery is suitable for various electrical devices that use batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, battery cars, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, aerospace Aircrafts and spacecrafts, etc.; batteries are used to provide electrical energy for the above electrical equipment.
  • a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application, can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery is provided inside the vehicle, and the battery can be installed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle.
  • the battery may be used to power the vehicle, for example, the battery may serve as the operating power source for the vehicle.
  • the vehicle may also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the battery to power the motor, for example, for starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle's working power requirements.
  • the battery can not only be used as the operating power supply of the vehicle, but also can be used as the driving power supply of the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.
  • a battery can include multiple battery cells.
  • a battery cell refers to the smallest unit that makes up a battery module or battery pack. Multiple battery cells may be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals for various applications.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application include battery modules or battery packs. Among them, multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed. Hybrid refers to a mixture of series and parallel. Batteries may also be called battery packs. In the embodiment of the present application, multiple battery cells can directly form a battery pack, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery modules form a battery pack.
  • the battery may include a plurality of battery modules and a case, and the plurality of battery modules are accommodated inside the case.
  • the box is used to accommodate battery cells or battery modules to prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the box may be a single cuboid, a simple three-dimensional structure such as a cylinder or a sphere, or a complex three-dimensional structure composed of a combination of simple three-dimensional structures such as a cuboid, a cylinder or a sphere.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the material of the box can be alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, polymer materials such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foam, or composite materials such as glass fiber and epoxy resin.
  • the application implementation mode is not limited to this either.
  • the box may include a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part cover each other, and the first part and the second part jointly define a space for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second part may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part may be a plate-like structure, and the first part covers the open side of the second part, so that the first part and the second part jointly define a space for accommodating battery cells;
  • the first part and the second part may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part is covered with the open side of the second part.
  • a battery module may include multiple battery cells.
  • the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module.
  • the multiple battery modules may then be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. However, for the sake of simplicity of description, the following embodiments are described using cylindrical battery cells as examples.
  • a battery cell refers to the smallest unit that constitutes a battery.
  • the battery cell includes a top cover assembly, a casing and an electrode assembly.
  • the top cover assembly refers to the component that covers the opening of the casing to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell from the external environment.
  • the shape of the top cover assembly may be adapted to the shape of the housing to fit the housing.
  • the top cover assembly can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the top cover assembly is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, allowing the battery cell to have a higher structure. Strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the top cover assembly may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals. The electrode terminal may be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell.
  • the top cover assembly may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value.
  • an insulating member may also be provided inside the top cover assembly, and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing from the top cover assembly to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the case is a component used to cooperate with the top cover assembly to form an internal environment of the battery cell, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly, electrolyte and other components.
  • the casing and the top cover assembly may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the casing, and the top cover assembly covers the opening at the opening to form an internal environment of the battery cell.
  • the top cover assembly and the shell can also be integrated. Specifically, the top cover assembly and the shell can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the shell. When it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the shell, Let the top cover assembly cover the housing.
  • the housing can be of various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc.
  • the shape of the housing can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly.
  • the housing can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly is the component in the battery cell where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies may be contained within the housing.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and usually there is a separator between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material each constitute tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the top cover assembly 1 in a semi-bent state with the first bending portion 31 provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the top cover assembly 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 shows an adapter piece 30 and an adapter plate 30 with the first bending portion 31 in a semi-bent state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the collecting plate 40;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the top cover assembly 1 in a bent state with the first bending portion 31 provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the top cover assembly 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the top cover assembly 1 includes a top cover piece 10, an electrode terminal 20, an adapter piece 30, a current collecting plate 40 and a buffer member 50.
  • the electrode terminal 20 is penetrated through the top cover piece 10, and the adapter piece
  • the piece 30 is connected to the electrode terminal 20, the current collecting plate 40 is connected to the adapter piece 30, and a first bending portion 31 is formed at the connection between the current collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece 30, and the buffer member 50 is connected to the adapter piece 30. and/or the current collecting plate 40 is connected, and when the first bending portion 31 is in a bent state, the buffering member 50 is disposed between the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40, and the two ends of the buffering member 50 are respectively connected to the rotating plate 40.
  • the connecting piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 are in contact with each other.
  • the current collecting plate 40 is used to cover the case opening of the battery cell, and is used in conjunction with the adapter piece 30 to connect the tabs of the electrode assembly in the case and the electrode terminals 20 of the top cover assembly 1 .
  • the current collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece 30 need to be made of conductive metal materials to ensure that they can serve as good conductors between the tabs and the electrode terminals 20 after being connected to the tabs and the electrode terminals 20 .
  • the current collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece 30 may be of an integrated structure or a split structure. When the current collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece 30 have a separate structure, they can be connected together by plugging, snapping or welding, and can conduct electricity to each other.
  • a first bending portion 31 is provided between the current collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece 30 .
  • the first bending portion 31 can be a part of the current collecting plate 40 , or the first bending portion 31 can be a part of the adapter piece 30 .
  • a part, or the first bent portion 31 is an integral structure with the current collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece 30 .
  • the buffer member 50 is connected to the surface of the adapter plate 30 facing the collector plate 40, or the buffer member 50 is connected to the surface of the collector plate 40 facing the adapter plate 30, or the buffer member 50 is connected to both the adapter plate 30 and the collector plate at the same time.
  • the plates 40 are connected, and when the first bending portion 31 is in a bent state, the buffer member 50 is provided between the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40, and the two ends of the buffer member 50 are respectively connected to the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40.
  • the flow plates 40 are in contact with each other.
  • the buffer member 50 is provided, and when the first bending part 31 is in a bent state, the buffer member 50 is disposed between the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 , and the two sides of the buffer member 50 The ends are respectively in contact with the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40.
  • the buffer member 50 can provide a buffering force for the adapter piece 30 during its movement toward the collecting plate 40, thereby reducing the The vibration amplitude of the adapter piece 30 relative to the current collecting plate 40 further reduces the squeezing force on the first bending part 31, preventing the first bending part 31 from breaking under long-term vibration and extrusion, ensuring the safety and safety of the battery. Reliability and improved battery life.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded structural diagram of the top cover assembly 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the top cover assembly 1 further includes a lower plastic 60 .
  • the lower plastic 60 is disposed on one side of the top cover sheet 10 and is non-conductively connected to the top cover sheet 10 .
  • the lower plastic 60 is formed with a first In the receiving cavity 61, when the first bending portion 31 is in a bent state, the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 are jointly disposed in the first receiving cavity 61.
  • the lower plastic 60 can be made of plastic material or other non-conductive materials.
  • the lower plastic 60 and the top cover sheet 10 are jointly connected toward the bottom surface of the electrode assembly, and the specific connection method may be glue connection.
  • a first receiving cavity 61 is formed inside the lower plastic 60 , and the lower plastic 60 is provided with an opening toward the electrode assembly.
  • the adapter sheet 30 and the current collecting plate 40 can be installed into the first receiving cavity 61 of the lower plastic 60 through the opening. , and connect the current collecting plate 40 to the tab of the electrode assembly through the opening, thereby supplying power to the electrode terminal 20 .
  • the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 are jointly disposed in the first receiving cavity 61 .
  • the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 are jointly arranged in the first receiving cavity 61 .
  • the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 are protected by the lower plastic 60 to prevent them from being scratched.
  • the flow plate 40 is damaged.
  • the portion connecting the electrode terminal 20 and the adapter sheet 30 is located in the first receiving cavity 61, which can effectively prevent the electrode terminal 20 from contacting the top cover sheet. 10 conductive phenomena occur, preventing the top cover assembly 1 from leaking electricity, further improving the safety and reliability of battery use.
  • the lower plastic 60 is provided with a first insertion hole 62 for the electrode terminal 20 to pass through, and/or the lower plastic 60 is provided with a top cover piece 10
  • the guide holes 63 are arranged opposite to the pressure relief mechanism on the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes an explosion-proof valve 90 .
  • the electrode terminal 20 includes a connecting end 21 and a fixed end 22.
  • the fixed end 22 is connected to the adapter piece 30 and is located in the first receiving cavity 61.
  • the connecting end 21 passes through the lower plastic 60 and the top cover piece 10 in sequence for external access. powered by. Since the lower plastic 60 is in close contact with the bottom surface of the top cover sheet 10 , in order to ensure that the electrode terminals 20 can be penetrated through the top cover sheet 10 and provide power to the outside, the lower plastic 60 is provided with a first plug through which the power supply terminals 20 are penetrated.
  • the connecting hole 62 and the connecting end 21 of the electrode terminal 20 pass through the first plug hole 62 and further pass through the top cover sheet 10 to supply power to the outside.
  • the top cover sheet 10 is provided with an exhaust hole 12.
  • the exhaust hole 12 is provided through the top cover sheet 10.
  • the edge of the exhaust hole 12 is recessed relative to the surface of the top cover sheet 10, thereby forming a ladder-like structure so as to
  • the explosion-proof valve 90 is connected to the edge of the exhaust hole 12.
  • the specific connection method can be glue connection.
  • the explosion-proof valve tape 91 is used to bond the explosion-proof valve 90 to the edge of the exhaust hole 12, and the exhaust hole 12 is connected to the center of the explosion-proof valve 90. The location corresponds.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 when the first bending portion 31 is in a straight state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the current collecting plate 40 is also provided with a pressure relief hole 41 through which the gas generated by the electrode assembly can flow into the top cover assembly 1 .
  • the high-pressure gas can sequentially pass through the pressure relief hole 41 , the guide hole 63 and the exhaust hole 12 to act on the explosion-proof valve on the top cover sheet 10 90, thereby causing the explosion-proof valve 90 to explode, thereby realizing pressure relief inside the battery and preventing the battery from exploding due to excessive pressure in the battery case.
  • the top cover assembly 1 also includes an upper plastic 70, the upper plastic 70 is provided on the other side of the top cover sheet 10, and the electrode The terminal 20 passes through the lower plastic 60 , the top cover 10 and the upper plastic 70 in sequence.
  • the upper plastic 70 can be made of plastic material or other non-conductive materials.
  • the upper plastic 70 is closely connected to the top cover sheet 10 away from the top surface of the electrode assembly, and the specific connection method may be glue connection.
  • the upper plastic 70 is provided with a second plug hole 72 for the connection end 21 of the power supply terminal 20 to pass through.
  • the top cover assembly 1 further includes a fixing member 80 .
  • the fixing member 80 is provided on the side of the upper plastic 70 away from the top cover sheet 10 , and the electrode terminal 20 passes through it. Put on the plastic 70 and connect it with the fixing part 80 .
  • the fixing member 80 is provided on the top of the upper plastic 70 away from the top cover sheet 10.
  • the fixing member is provided with a third plug hole 81 for the power supply terminal to pass through, and the connecting end 21 of the electronic terminal 20 passes through the second plug hole 81.
  • the connecting hole 72 and the third plug hole 81 are connected to the fixing member 80 .
  • the specific connection method may be riveting, thereby increasing the connection strength between the electrode terminal 20 and the fixing member 80 and preventing the fixing member 80 from protruding from the axial direction of the electrode terminal 20 .
  • the fixing member 80 is provided to fix the electrode terminal 20 to prevent the electrode terminal 20 from bending, further prevent the electrode terminal 20 from being electrically connected to the top cover sheet 10, and prevent the top cover assembly 1 from leaking electricity.
  • the fixing member 80 is a conductive block.
  • the fixing member 80 can be a copper block, which has good electrical conductivity. Connecting the electrode terminal 20 to the conductive block can increase the conductive area of the electrode terminal 20, thereby facilitating external power supply.
  • a second receiving cavity 71 is formed inside the upper plastic 70 , and at least part of the fixing member 80 is provided in the second receiving cavity 71 .
  • a second receiving cavity 71 is formed inside the upper plastic 70 , and an opening is provided on the upper plastic 70 away from the top cover sheet 10 . At least part of the fixing member 80 is engaged with the second receiving cavity 71 through the opening, thereby fixing the fixing member 80 The fixed position is fixed to prevent the fixing member 80 from deflecting. At the same time, the upper plastic 70 is used to isolate the fixing member 80 from contact with the top cover piece 10 to further prevent the occurrence of leakage of the top cover assembly 1 .
  • the top cover assembly 1 further includes a connecting portion 33 , and the connecting portion 33 is connected to the adapter piece 30 , or the connecting portion 33 and the adapter piece 30 are integrated. Structure, a second bending portion 32 is provided between the connecting portion 33 and the adapter piece 30 , and the adapter piece 30 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 through the connecting portion 33 .
  • the connecting part 33 and the collecting plate 40 are respectively provided at both ends of the adapter piece 30, and a second bending part 32 is provided between the connecting part 33 and the adapter piece 30.
  • the collecting plate 40 and the adapter piece are A first bending portion 31 is provided between 30.
  • the connecting part 33 is provided with a connecting hole 331 , and the electrode terminal 20 is inserted through the connecting hole 331 and connected to the connecting part 33 .
  • connection end 21 of the electrode terminal 20 is inserted into the connection hole 331 and connected to the connection part 33 to realize the conductive connection between the electrode terminal 20 and the connection part 33, and then realizes the connection between the electrode terminal 20 and the battery through the adapter piece 30 and the current collecting plate 40.
  • the tabs are conductively connected to provide external power supply through the electrode terminal 20.
  • the connection hole 331 can effectively fix the electrode terminal 20, prevent the electrode terminal 20 from being separated from the connecting portion 33, and prevent the battery from being disconnected.
  • the connecting end 21 is inserted into the connecting hole 331 and welded.
  • the adapter piece 30 when the first bending part 31 and the second bending part 32 are respectively in a bending state, the adapter piece 30 is connected to the current collecting plate 40 and the current collecting plate 40 respectively.
  • the connecting parts 33 are arranged in parallel.
  • the adapter piece 30 is arranged parallel to the current collecting plate 40 and the connecting part 33 respectively.
  • the adapter piece 30 By arranging the adapter piece 30 in parallel with the current collecting plate 40 and the connecting portion 33 respectively, the space occupied by the top cover assembly 1 in the axial direction can be reduced, and accordingly the space occupation rate of the electrode assembly can be increased, thereby increasing the battery power.
  • the buffer member 50 is a spring, and both ends of the spring are connected to the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 respectively.
  • Connecting the two ends of the spring to the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40 respectively can improve the connection strength of the spring and ensure that the spring will not deflect during the extrusion process, thereby ensuring that the adapter piece 30 is in vibration during the vibration process. buffering effect.
  • the top cover sheet 10 is provided with a mounting hole 11 , the electrode terminal 20 is inserted through the mounting hole 11 , and a sealing ring 13 is provided between the electrode terminal 20 and the mounting hole 11 .
  • the sealing ring 13 may be a rubber ring or a sealing ring made of other non-conductive materials.
  • the sealing ring 13 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting end 21 of the electrode terminal 20, and is clamped in the mounting hole 11, and is clamped and fixed by the connecting end 21 and the top cover piece 10.
  • the electrode terminal 20 can be prevented from contacting the top cover sheet 10 when it is inserted into the top cover sheet 10 , thereby preventing the electrode terminal 20 from being in contact with the top cover sheet 10 .
  • the present application provides a battery cell having the top cover assembly 1 in any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application provides a battery having the battery cell of any of the above embodiments.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which has the battery of any of the above embodiments, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using batteries.
  • the top cover assembly 1 includes a top cover sheet 10 .
  • Lower plastic 60 and upper plastic 70 are respectively provided on both sides of the top cover sheet 10 .
  • the lower plastic 60 has an internal There is a first receiving cavity 61, and a second receiving cavity 71 is provided in the upper plastic 70.
  • the adapter piece 30 is provided with a current collecting plate 40 and a connecting portion 33 at both ends.
  • the adapter piece 30, the current collecting plate 40 and the connecting portion 33 are of an integrated structure.
  • a first bending part 31 is provided between the adapter piece 30 and the collecting plate 40
  • a second bending part 32 is provided between the adapter piece 30 and the connecting part 33 .
  • the adapter piece 30 , the collecting plate 40 and the connecting portion 33 are arranged parallel to each other and are jointly arranged in the first receiving cavity 61 .
  • the fixed end 22 of the electrode terminal 20 is also disposed in the first receiving cavity 61 and connected to the connecting portion 33.
  • the connecting end 21 of the electrode terminal 20 passes through the lower plastic 60, the top cover 10 and the upper plastic 70 in sequence, and is connected to the second receiving cavity.
  • the fixing members 80 in the cavity 71 are riveted to provide power to the outside through the electrode terminals 20 .
  • a buffer member 50 such as a spring, is also provided between the adapter piece 30 and the current collecting plate 40.
  • Both ends of the buffer member 50 are connected to the adapter piece 30 and the current collecting plate 40 respectively, so that when the top cover assembly 1 occurs When vibrating, the buffering member 50 can provide buffering force during the movement of the adapter piece 30 toward the current collecting plate 40 , thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the adapter piece 30 relative to the current collecting plate 40 , thereby reducing the impact on the first bending portion 31
  • the extrusion force prevents the first bending portion 31 from breaking under long-term vibration and extrusion, ensuring the safety and reliability of battery use and extending the battery life.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体公开了一种顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备。本申请提供了一种顶盖组件包括顶盖片、电极端子、转接片、集流盘和缓冲件，电极端子穿设于顶盖片，转接片与电极端子相连，集流盘与转接片相连，并在集流盘与转接片的连接处形成第一弯折部，缓冲件与转接片相连和/或集流盘相连，并当第一弯折部呈弯折状态下，缓冲件设于转接片和集流盘之间，且缓冲件的两端分别与转接片和集流盘相抵接。本申请的技术方案中，能够为转接片在振动方向上提供缓冲力，从而减小转接片相对集流盘的振动幅度，进而降低对第一弯折部的挤压力，防止第一弯折部在长期振动挤压下发生断裂，保证电池使用的安全性和可靠性。

Description

顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年07月21日提交的名称为“顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请202221880394.0的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体公开了一种顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
目前随着环境问题的日益突出，人们开始积极倡导低碳经济。新能源汽车随着越来越严重的空气质量而兴起。广大生产商和消费者也开始逐步认可混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车作为代表的新能源汽车。动力电池作为新能源汽车的主要动力源，已成为电动汽车的核心部件之一。
在圆柱型锂离子电池装配的时候，通常是利用集流盘和转接片将电池极耳与电极端子连接起来。当振动次数较多时，集流盘和转接片间的连接处容易发生疲劳断裂，造成电池断路，从而影响电池的使用寿命。
实用新型内容
鉴于现有技术存在的缺陷，本申请提供了一种顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够有效地解决集流盘和转接片间的连接处发生疲劳断裂的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种顶盖组件，所述顶盖组件包括：
顶盖片；
电极端子，所述电极端子穿设于所述顶盖片；
转接片，所述转接片与所述电极端子相连；
集流盘，所述集流盘与所述转接片相连，并在所述集流盘与所述转接片的连接处形成第一弯折部；
缓冲件，所述缓冲件与所述转接片相连和/或与所述集流盘相连，并当所述第一弯折部呈弯折状态下，所述缓冲件设于所述转接片和所述集流盘之间，且所述缓冲件的两端分别与所述转接片和所述集流盘相抵接。
本申请的技术方案中，通过设置缓冲件，并当第一弯折部呈弯折状态下，缓冲件设于转接片和集流盘之间，且缓冲件的两端分别与转接片和集流盘相抵接，当顶盖组件发生振动时，缓冲件能够为转接片朝向集流盘的运动过程中提供缓冲力，从而减小转接片相对集流盘的振动幅度，进而降低对第一弯折部的挤压力，防止第一弯折部在长期振动挤压下发生断裂，保证电池使用的安全性和可靠性，提高电池使用寿命。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述顶盖组件还包括下塑胶，所述下塑胶设于所述顶盖片的一侧并与所述顶盖片非导电连接，所述下塑胶的内部形成有第一收容腔，当所述弯折部第一弯折部呈弯折状态下，所述转接片和所述集流盘共同设于所述第一收容腔。将转接片和集流盘共同设于第一收容腔，通过下塑胶对转接片和集流盘进行防护，防止对其造成刮伤，防止转接片和集流盘受到损坏。同时，由于下塑胶与顶盖片非导电连接，电极端子与转接片相连的部分设于第一收容腔中，能够有效地避免电极端子与顶盖片间发生导电现象，防止顶盖组件发生漏电现象，进一步地提高电池使用的安全性和可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述下塑胶上设有用于所述电极端子穿设的第一插接孔，和/或，所述下塑胶上设有与所述顶盖片上的泄压机构相对设置的导流孔。电极端子的一端与转接片相连，并设于下塑胶的第一收容腔中，电极端子的另一端穿过第一插接孔，并进一步地穿过顶盖片，从而进行外部供电。当顶盖 组件装配至电池壳体后，且电池壳体内的气压升高时，高压气体能够通过导流孔作用于顶盖片上的泄压机构，从而使泄压机构实现泄压，防止由于电池壳体内的压力过大导致电池的爆炸。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述顶盖组件还包括上塑胶，所述上塑胶设于所述顶盖片的另一侧并与所述顶盖片非导电连接，所述电极端子依次穿过所述下塑胶、所述顶盖片和所述上塑胶。将电极端子依次穿过下塑胶、顶盖片和上塑胶，使电极端子的两端与顶盖片之间分别设有上塑胶和下塑胶，从而通过上塑胶和下塑胶防止电极端子与顶盖片导电连接，防止顶盖组件发生漏电现象。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述顶盖组件还包括固定件，所述固定件设于所述上塑胶背离所述顶盖片的一侧，所述电极端子穿过所述上塑胶并与所述固定件固定连接。通过设置固定件对电极端子进行固定，防止电极端子发生弯折，进一步防止电极端子与顶盖片导电连接，防止顶盖组件发生漏电现象。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述固定件为导电块。将电极端子与导电块连接，能够提高电极端子的导电面积，从而便于进行外部供电。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述上塑胶的内部形成有第二收容腔，至少部分所述固定件设于所述第二收容腔。将固定件设于第二收容腔，对固定件的位置进行固定，防止固定件发生偏转，同时，通过上塑胶隔绝固定件与顶盖片的接触，进一步地避免顶盖组件漏电现象的发生。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述顶盖组件还包括连接部，所述连接部与所述转接片相连，或所述连接部与所述转接片为一体式结构，所述连接部与所述转接片之间设有第二弯折部，所述转接片通过所述连接部与所述电极端子相连。通过设置连接部和第二弯折部，便于转接片与电极端子之间的连接，从而便于对顶盖组件的整体结构的设置。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述连接部上设有连接孔，所述电极端子穿设于所述连接孔并与所述连接部相连。将电极端子穿设于连接孔并与连接部相连，实现电极端子与连接部的导电连接，进而通过转接片和集流盘实现电极端子与电池极耳的导电连接，从而通过电极端子进行外部供电，同时，连接孔的设置能够对电极端子进行有效的固定，防止电极端子与连接部相分离，防止电池发生断路。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，当所述弯折部第一弯折部和所述第二弯折部分别呈弯折状态下，所述转接片分别与所述集流盘和所述连接部平行设置。将转接片分别与集流盘和连接部平行设置，能够减小顶盖组件在轴向方向的占用空间，相应地可提高电极组件的空间占用率，进而提高电池电量。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述缓冲件为弹簧，所述弹簧的两端分别与所述转接片和所述集流盘相连。将弹簧的两端分别与转接片和集流盘相连，能够提高弹簧的连接强度，并保证弹簧在挤压过程中不会发生偏移，从而保证对转接片在振动过程中的缓冲效果。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述顶盖片上设有安装孔，所述电极端子穿设于所述安装孔，且所述电极端子与所述安装孔间设有密封圈。通过在电极端子与安装孔间设有密封圈，能够在电极端子穿设顶盖片的过程中防止与顶盖片相接触，从而避免电极端子与顶盖片间导电连接，避免顶盖组件漏电现象的发生。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，其具有上述实施方式中的顶盖组件。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其具有上述实施方式中的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，其具有上述实施方式中的电池。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部处于半弯折状态下的顶盖组件的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部处于半弯折状态下的顶盖组件 的剖面结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部处于半弯折状态下的转接片与集流盘的连接结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部处于弯折状态下的顶盖组件的剖面结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施方式提供的顶盖组件的A部放大结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施方式提供的顶盖组件的分解结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部处于平直状态下的转接片与集流盘的连接结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1：顶盖组件；
10：顶盖片、11：安装孔、12：排气孔、13：密封圈；
20：电极端子、21：连接端、22：固定端；
30：转接片、31：第一弯折部、32：第二弯折部、33：连接部、331：连接孔；
40：集流盘、41：泄压孔；
50：缓冲件；
60：下塑胶、61：第一收容腔、62：第一插接孔、63：导流孔；
70：上塑胶、71：第二收容腔、72：第二插接孔；
80：固定件、81：第三插接孔；
90：防爆阀、91：防爆阀胶带。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施方式进行详细的描述。以下实施方式仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限 制本申请的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施方式使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施方式所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施方式的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施方式和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施方式的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施方式的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施方式的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施方式中的具体含义。
在本申请实施方式的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。 为保证动力电池既有高容量又有比较好的安全性和循环寿命，一般动力电池的顶盖板上设置阀片，在动力电池受到特殊情况(如热失控和短路等)下，动力电池的阀片可以及时开启，排出动力电池内部产生的气体，从而提高动力电池的安全性。
本发明人注意到，在动力电池的实际使用中，尤其是圆柱型电池的装配过程中，通常是利用集流盘和转接片将电池极耳与电极端子连接起来。其中，集流盘与电池极耳焊接，转接片与电极端子焊接，集流盘和转接片之间设有弯折部，弯折部可以释放振动过程中产生的冲击力，具有缓冲减振的作用，提高了电池的抗振性。但是当振动次数较多时，弯折部容易发生疲劳断裂，造成电池断路，从而影响电池的使用寿命。
为解决集流盘和转接片之间的弯折部发生疲劳断裂的问题，申请人研究发现，通过在集流盘和转接片之间设置缓冲件，当顶盖组件发生振动时，缓冲件能够为转接片在朝向集流盘的运动过程中提供缓冲力，从而减小转接片相对集流盘的振动幅度，进而降低对弯折部的挤压力，防止弯折部在长期振动挤压下发生断裂，保证电池使用的安全性和可靠性，提高电池使用寿命。
基于以上考虑，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种顶盖组件，通过设置缓冲件，并将缓冲件与转接片和/或集流盘相连，并当转接片和集流盘之间的弯折部发生弯折时，缓冲件设于转接片和集流盘之间，从而为转接片在振动方向上提供缓冲力，有效地防止集流盘和转接片之间的弯折部发生疲劳断裂。
本申请提供一种顶盖组件，以及包括这种顶盖组件的电池单体、电池和使用该电池的用电设备。这种顶盖组件适用于任何电池，例如电池模块和电池包，或者一次电池和二次电池，例如，二次电池包括镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅酸(或铅蓄)电池、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、聚合物电池等。这种电池适用于各种使用电池的用电设备，例如手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等；电池用于为上述用电设备提供电能。
应理解，本申请实施方式描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施方式均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
在本申请一些实施方式中提供了一种车辆。车辆可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆的内部设置有电池，电池可以设置在车辆的底部或头部或尾部。电池可以用于车辆的供电，例如，电池可以作为车辆的操作电源。车辆还可以包括控制器和马达，控制器用来控制电池为马达供电，例如，用于车辆的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施方式中，电池不仅可以作为车辆的操作电源，还可以作为车辆的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，电池单体是指组成电池模块或电池包的最小单元。多个电池单体可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所提到的电池包括电池模块或电池包。其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。本申请的实施方式中多个电池单体可以直接组成电池包，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池包。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，电池可以包括多个电池模块和箱体，多个电池模块容纳于箱体内部。箱体用于容纳电池单或电池模块，以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。箱体可以是单独的长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构，也可以是由长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构组合而成的复杂立体结构，本申请实施方式对此并不限定。箱体的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料，本申请实施方式对此也并不限定。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，箱体可以包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与第二部分相互盖合，第一部分和第二部分共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的空间。第二部分可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分可以为板状结构，第一部分盖合于第二部分的开口侧，以使第一部分与第二部分共同限定出容纳电池单体的空间；第一部分和第二部分也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分的开口侧盖合于第二部分的开口侧。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，电池模块可以包括多个电池单体，多个电池单 可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施方式对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施方式对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体软包电池单体，本申请实施方式对此也不限定。但为描述简洁，下述实施方式均以柱形电池单体为例进行说明。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，电池单体是指组成电池的最小单元。电池单体包括有顶盖组件、壳体和电极组件。
顶盖组件是指盖合于壳体的开口处以将电池单体的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，顶盖组件的形状可以与壳体的形状相适应以配合壳体。可选地，顶盖组件可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，顶盖组件在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。顶盖组件上可以设置有如电极端子等的功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体的电能。在一些实施方式中，顶盖组件上还可以设置有用于在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。在一些实施方式中，在顶盖组件的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体内的电连接部件与顶盖组件，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体是用于配合顶盖组件以形成电池单体的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件、电解液以及其他部件。壳体和顶盖组件可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体上设置开口，通过在开口处使顶盖组件盖合开口以形成电池单体的内部环境。不限地，也可以使顶盖组件和壳体一体化，具体地，顶盖组件和壳体可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体的内部时，再使顶盖组件盖合壳体。壳体可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体的形状可以根据电极组件的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施方式对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件是电池单体中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体内可以包含一个或更多 个电极组件。电极组件主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳(在图中未示出)。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
结合图1至图5所示，图1为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部31处于半弯折状态下的顶盖组件1的结构示意图；图2为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部31处于半弯折状态下的顶盖组件1的剖面结构示意图；图3为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部31处于半弯折状态下的转接片30与集流盘40的连接结构示意图；图4为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部31处于弯折状态下的顶盖组件1的剖面结构示意图；图5为本申请一实施方式提供的顶盖组件1的A部放大结构示意图。在本申请的一些实施方式中，顶盖组件1包括顶盖片10、电极端子20、转接片30、集流盘40和缓冲件50，电极端子20穿设于顶盖片10，转接片30与电极端子20相连，集流盘40与转接片30相连，并在集流盘40与转接片30的连接处形成第一弯折部31，缓冲件50与转接片30相连和/或集流盘40相连，并当第一弯折部31呈弯折状态下，缓冲件50设于转接片30和集流盘40之间，且缓冲件50的两端分别与转接片30和集流盘40相抵接。
具体地，集流盘40用于封盖电池单体的壳体开口，与转接片30配合使用，共同用于连接壳体内电极组件的极耳和顶盖组件1的电极端子20。集流盘40和转接片30需要使用导电的金属材料制造，以保证与极耳和电极端子20连接后能够作为极耳和电极端子20之间的良好导体。集流盘40和转接片30可以为一体式结构，或分体式结构。当集流盘40和转接片30为分体式结构时，可通过插接、卡接或焊接的方式连接于一体，且能够相互导电。并且，集流盘40和转接片30之间设有第一弯折部31，第一弯折部31可以为集流盘40的一部分，或第一弯折部31为转接片30的一部分，或第一弯折部31与集流盘40和转接片30为一体式结构。
其中，缓冲件50与转接片30朝向集流盘40的表面相连，或缓冲件50与集流盘40朝向转接片30的表面相连，或缓冲件50同时与转接片30和集流盘40 相连，并当第一弯折部31处于弯折状态下，缓冲件50设于转接片30和集流盘40之间，且缓冲件50的两端分别与转接片30和集流盘40相抵接。
本申请的技术方案中，通过设置缓冲件50，并当第一弯折部31呈弯折状态下，缓冲件50设于转接片30和集流盘40之间，且缓冲件50的两端分别与转接片30和集流盘40相抵接，当顶盖组件1发生振动时，缓冲件50能够为转接片30在朝向集流盘40的运动过程中提供缓冲力，从而减小转接片30相对集流盘40的振动幅度，进而降低对第一弯折部31的挤压力，防止第一弯折部31在长期振动挤压下发生断裂，保证电池使用的安全性和可靠性，提高电池使用寿命。
结合图2、图4、图5和图6所示，图6为本申请一实施方式提供的顶盖组件1的分解结构示意图。在本申请的一些实施方式中，顶盖组件1还包括下塑胶60，下塑胶60设于顶盖片10的一侧并与顶盖片10非导电连接，下塑胶60的内部形成有第一收容腔61，当第一弯折部31呈弯折状态下，转接片30和集流盘40共同设于第一收容腔61。
具体地，下塑胶60可以选择塑胶材料，或其他非导电材料。下塑胶60与顶盖片10朝向电极组件的底面贴合连接，具体连接方式可以为胶接。下塑胶60内部形成有第一收容腔61，且下塑胶60上设有朝向电极组件的开口，转接片30和集流盘40可通过该开口安装至下塑胶60的第一收容腔61内，并通过该开口将集流盘40与电极组件的极耳相连，从而对电极端子20进行供电。其中，当第一弯折部31的弯折角度为180°时，转接片30和集流盘40共同设于第一收容腔61。
将转接片30和集流盘40共同设于第一收容腔61，通过下塑胶60对转接片30和集流盘40进行防护，防止对其造成刮伤，防止转接片30和集流盘40受到损坏。同时，由于下塑胶60为绝缘件，与顶盖片10非导电连接，电极端子20与转接片30相连的部分设于第一收容腔61中，能够有效地避免电极端子20与顶盖片10间发生导电现象，防止顶盖组件1发生漏电现象，进一步地提高电池使用的安全性和可靠性。
如图6所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，下塑胶60上设有用于电极端子20穿设的第一插接孔62，和/或，下塑胶60上设有与顶盖片10上的泄压机构相 对设置的导流孔63。
具体地，泄压机构包括防爆阀90。电极端子20包括连接端21和固定端22，固定端22与转接片30相连并设于第一收容腔61，连接端21依次穿过下塑胶60和顶盖片10，用于对外部进行供电。由于下塑胶60与顶盖片10的底面贴合设置，为了保证电极端子20能够穿设于顶盖片10并对外部进行供电，下塑胶60上设有供电极端子20穿设的第一插接孔62，电极端子20的连接端21穿过第一插接孔62，并进一步地穿过顶盖片10，从而对外部进行供电。同时，顶盖片10上设有排气孔12，排气孔12贯穿顶盖片10设置，排气孔12的边缘相对顶盖片10的板面凹陷设置，从而形成阶梯状结构，以便将防爆阀90与排气孔12的边缘相连，具体连接方式可以采用胶接，通过防爆阀胶带91粘结防爆阀90与排气孔12的边缘，并将排气孔12与防爆阀90的中心位置相对应。为了保证防爆阀90能够在电池内部压力增大的情况下进行泄压，防止电池发生爆破，下塑胶60上设有与顶盖片10上的防爆阀90相对设置的导流孔63。如图7所示，图7为本申请一实施方式提供的第一弯折部31处于平直状态下的转接片30与集流盘40的连接结构示意图。集流盘40上还设有泄压孔41，电极组件产生的气体能够通过泄压孔41流入至顶盖组件1内。当顶盖组件1装配至电池壳体后，且电池内的气压升高时，高压气体能够依次通过泄压孔41、导流孔63和排气孔12作用于顶盖片10上的防爆阀90，从而使防爆阀90爆破，进而实现电池内部的泄压，防止由于电池壳体内的压力过大导致电池的爆炸。
再次结合图2、图4、图5和图6所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，顶盖组件1还包括上塑胶70，上塑胶70设于顶盖片10的另一侧，电极端子20依次穿过下塑胶60、顶盖片10和上塑胶70。
具体地，上塑胶70可以选择塑胶材料，或其他非导电材料。上塑胶70与顶盖片10背离电极组件的顶面贴合连接，具体连接方式可以为胶接。上塑胶70上设有用于供电极端子20的连接端21穿过的第二插接孔72。
将电极端子20的连接端21依次穿过下塑胶60、顶盖片10和上塑胶70，使电极端子20的连接端21的顶端与顶盖片10之间设有上塑胶70，使电极端子20的固定端22与顶盖片10之间分别设有下塑胶60，从而通过上塑胶70和下塑胶 60共同防止电极端子20与顶盖片10导电连接，进而防止顶盖组件1发生漏电现象。
结合图1至图6所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，顶盖组件1还包括固定件80，固定件80设于上塑胶70背离顶盖片10的一侧，电极端子20穿过上塑胶70并与固定件80相连接。
具体地，固定件80设于上塑胶70背离顶盖片10的顶部，固定件上设有用于供电极端子穿过的第三插接孔81，电子端子20的连接端21穿过第二插接孔72和第三插接孔81并与固定件80相连，具体连接方式可以为铆接，从而增加电极端子20与固定件80的连接强度，防止固定件80从电极端子20的轴向方向脱出。
通过设置固定件80对电极端子20进行固定，防止电极端子20发生弯折，进一步防止电极端子20与顶盖片10导电连接，防止顶盖组件1发生漏电现象。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，固定件80为导电块。
具体地，固定件80可以为铜块，铜块具有良好的导电性，将电极端子20与导电块连接，能够提高电极端子20的导电面积，从而便于对外部进行供电。
结合图2至图6所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，上塑胶70的内部形成有第二收容腔71，至少部分固定件80设于于第二收容腔71。
上塑胶70的内部形成有第二收容腔71，且上塑胶70上设有背离顶盖片10的开口，至少部分固定件80通过该开口卡接于第二收容腔71，从而对固定件80的位置进行固定，防止固定件80发生偏转，同时，通过上塑胶70隔绝固定件80与顶盖片10接触，进一步地避免顶盖组件1漏电现象的发生。
结合图2至图7所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，顶盖组件1还包括连接部33，连接部33与转接片30相连，或连接部33与转接片30为一体式结构，连接部33与转接片30之间设有第二弯折部32，转接片30通过连接部33与电极端子20相连。
具体地，连接部33和集流盘40分别设于转接片30的两端，且连接部33和转接片30之间设有第二弯折部32，集流盘40与转接片30之间设有第一弯折 部31，通过第一弯折部31和第二弯折部32的设置，能够便于连接部33、转接片30和集流盘40根据需要设置成多种弯折形式，从而便于转接片30与电极端子20之间的连接，进而便于对顶盖组件1的整体结构的设置。
结合图6和图7所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，连接部33上设有连接孔331，电极端子20穿设于连接孔331并与连接部33相连。
将电极端子20的连接端21穿设于连接孔331并与连接部33相连，实现电极端子20与连接部33的导电连接，进而通过转接片30和集流盘40实现电极端子20与电池极耳的导电连接，从而通过电极端子20进行外部供电，同时，连接孔331的设置能够对电极端子20进行有效的固定，防止电极端子20与连接部33相分离，防止电池发生断路。其中，为保证电极端子20与连接部33的连接强度，连接端21穿设于连接孔331并焊接。
结合图4和图5所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，当第一弯折部31和第二弯折部32分别呈弯折状态下，转接片30分别与集流盘40和连接部33平行设置。
具体地，当第一弯折部31和第二弯折部32分别弯折180°时，转接片30分别与集流盘40和连接部33平行设置。
通过将转接片30分别与集流盘40和连接部33平行设置，能够减小顶盖组件1在轴向方向的占用空间，相应地可提高电极组件的空间占用率，进而提高电池电量。
结合图1至图7所示，在本申请的一些实施方式中，缓冲件50为弹簧，弹簧的两端分别与转接片30和集流盘40相连。
将弹簧的两端分别与转接片30和集流盘40相连，能够提高弹簧的连接强度，并保证弹簧在挤压过程中不会发生偏移，从而保证对转接片30在振动过程中的缓冲效果。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，顶盖片10上设有安装孔11，电极端子20穿设于安装孔11，且电极端子20与安装孔11间设有密封圈13。
具体地，密封圈13可以为橡胶圈，或其他非导电材料制成的密封圈。密封 圈13套设于电极端子20的连接端21的外周面，并卡接于安装孔11内，由连接端21和顶盖片10共同夹紧固定。
通过在电极端子20与安装孔11间设有密封圈13，能够在电极端子20穿设顶盖片10的过程中防止与顶盖片10相接触，从而避免电极端子20与顶盖片10间导电连接，避免顶盖组件1漏电现象的发生。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，本申请提供了一种电池单体，其具有上述任一实施方式中的顶盖组件1。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，本申请提供了一种电池，其具有上述任一实施例方式的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，本申请提供了一种用电设备，其具有上述任一实施方式的电池，并且电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
其中，用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，结合图1至图7所示，顶盖组件1包括顶盖片10，顶盖片10的两侧分别设有下塑胶60和上塑胶70，下塑胶60内设有第一收容腔61，上塑胶70内设有第二收容腔71。转接片30的两端分别设有集流盘40和连接部33，转接片30、集流盘40和连接部33为一体式结构。转接片30与集流盘40之间设有第一弯折部31，转接片30与连接部33之间设有第二弯折部32，且当第一弯折部31和第二弯折部32分别弯折成180°状态时，转接片30、集流盘40和连接部33相互平行设置并共同设于第一收容腔61中。电极端子20的固定端22同样设于第一收容腔61并与连接部33相连，电极端子20的连接端21依次穿过下塑胶60、顶盖片10和上塑胶70，并与第二收容腔71中的固定件80相铆接，从而通过电极端子20对外部进行供电。同时，在转接片30和集流盘40之间还设有缓冲件50，如弹簧，缓冲件50的两端分别与转接片30和集流盘40相连，从而当顶盖组件1发生振动时，缓冲件50能够为转接片30朝向集流盘40的运动过程中提供缓冲力，从而减小转接片30相对集流盘40的振动幅度，进而降低对第一弯折部31的挤压力，防止第一弯折部31在长期振动挤压下发生断裂，保证电池使用的安全性和可靠性，提高电池使用寿命。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施方式仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其 限制；尽管参照前述各实施方式对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施方式所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施方式技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施方式中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施方式，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种顶盖组件，其特征在于，包括：
    顶盖片；
    电极端子，所述电极端子穿设于所述顶盖片；
    转接片，所述转接片与所述电极端子相连；
    集流盘，所述集流盘与所述转接片相连，并在所述集流盘与所述转接片的连接处形成第一弯折部；
    缓冲件，所述缓冲件与所述转接片相连和/或与所述集流盘相连，并当所述第一弯折部呈弯折状态下，所述缓冲件设于所述转接片和所述集流盘之间，且所述缓冲件的两端分别与所述转接片和所述集流盘相抵接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述顶盖组件还包括下塑胶，所述下塑胶设于所述顶盖片的一侧并与所述顶盖片非导电连接，所述下塑胶的内部形成有第一收容腔，当所述第一弯折部呈弯折状态下，所述转接片和所述集流盘共同设于所述第一收容腔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述下塑胶设有用于所述电极端子穿设的第一插接孔，和/或，所述下塑胶设有与所述顶盖片上的泄压机构相对设置的导流孔。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述顶盖组件还包括上塑胶，所述上塑胶设于所述顶盖片的另一侧并与所述顶盖片非导电连接，所述电极端子依次穿过所述下塑胶、所述顶盖片和所述上塑胶。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述顶盖组件还包括固定件，所述固定件设于所述上塑胶背离所述顶盖片的一侧，所述电极端子穿过所述上塑胶并与所述固定件固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述固定件为导电块。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述上塑胶的内部形成有第二收容腔，至少部分所述固定件设于所述第二收容腔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述顶盖组件还包括连接部，所述连接部与所述转接片相连，或所述连接部与所述转接片为一体式结构，所述连接部与所述转接片之间设有第二弯折部，所述转接片通过所述连接部与所述电极端子相连。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述连接部上设有连接孔，所述电极端子穿设于所述连接孔并与所述连接部相连。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，当所述第一弯折部和所述第二弯折部分别呈弯折状态下，所述转接片分别与所述集流盘和所述连接部平行设置。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述缓冲件为弹簧，所述弹簧的两端分别与所述转接片和所述集流盘相连。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的顶盖组件，其特征在于，所述顶盖片上设有安装孔，所述电极端子穿设于所述安装孔，且所述电极端子与所述安装孔间设有密封圈。
  13. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，具有根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的顶盖组件。
  14. 一种电池，其特征在于，具有根据权利要求13所述的电池单体。
  15. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，具有根据权利要求14所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/118457 2022-07-21 2022-09-13 顶盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2024016451A1 (zh)

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