WO2023045401A1 - 注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备 - Google Patents

注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045401A1
WO2023045401A1 PCT/CN2022/097479 CN2022097479W WO2023045401A1 WO 2023045401 A1 WO2023045401 A1 WO 2023045401A1 CN 2022097479 W CN2022097479 W CN 2022097479W WO 2023045401 A1 WO2023045401 A1 WO 2023045401A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sealing
hole
liquid injection
battery
injection hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/097479
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邹洋
李英
郭京浩
蔡雅芝
舒落生
迟庆魁
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023045401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023045401A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/645—Plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H01M50/636—Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
    • H01M50/664—Temporary seals, e.g. for storage of instant batteries or seawater batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a liquid injection hole sealing device, an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Lithium-ion power batteries have become the mainstream choice for electric vehicle power batteries due to their advantages such as high energy, high operating voltage, wide operating temperature range, and long storage life.
  • battery cells need to be regularly replenished with electrolyte, and most of the liquid injection holes are welded to the battery end cap with sealing nails. After the assembly is completed, the battery cannot be replenished with liquid.
  • the present application provides a liquid injection hole sealing device, an end cap assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can solve the problem that the battery cannot be replenished with liquid in the future.
  • the present application provides a liquid injection hole sealing device, including: a hole sealing seat, which is arranged on the liquid injection hole. Sealed connection, the outer diameter of the sealing part is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting part, a through hole passing through the connecting part and the sealing part is provided on the sealing seat, and the through hole is connected with the liquid injection hole; the hole sealing cover is sealed and connected with the sealing part;
  • the sealing and heat insulating component is arranged between the hole sealing seat and the hole sealing cover, and the sealing and heat insulating component completely covers the through hole; wherein, the sealing and heat insulating component is sealed and connected with the sealing part under the pressure of the hole sealing cover.
  • a hole sealing seat is provided above the liquid injection hole of the battery end cover, and a hole sealing cover and a heat insulation assembly are correspondingly provided.
  • the outer end surface of the hole sealing cover is provided with a limiting groove that is sunken toward the sealing seat, the cover edge of the hole sealing cover is drawn inward along the circumferential direction to form a fastening part, and the bottom of the limiting groove is in contact with the sealing seat.
  • the heat insulation component is hermetically bonded, and the fastening part and the sealing part are hermetically bonded to the side facing the end cover.
  • the side of the sealing part facing the liquid injection hole has a protruding positioning ring surrounding the connecting part, the positioning ring is spaced from the connecting part, and the cover edge of the hole sealing cover is retracted towards the limiting groove, so that the sealing part The end of the hole cover wraps the positioning ring.
  • the heat-insulating assembly includes heat-insulating gaskets, sealing gaskets and cushioning gaskets arranged in layers, and the heat-insulating gaskets are disposed toward the through holes. Set the heat insulation gasket toward the through hole to absorb heat, prevent hot air from damaging the gasket and buffer gasket, and then install the gasket for sealing to ensure the long-term stable sealing performance of the sealed heat insulation component.
  • a one-way air-permeable film is also provided on the through hole, and the one-way air-permeable film is arranged between the hole-sealing seat and the heat-insulation component.
  • the installation of a one-way gas-permeable film can facilitate the discharge of the gas inside the battery cell, and discharge the internal gas without damaging the explosion-proof valve to realize the self-exhaust function, prolong the life of the explosion-proof valve, and improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • an observation hole is opened in the limiting groove, and a test gasket is also provided between the heat-insulating component and the hole-sealing cover.
  • the thermal insulation gasket, the sealing gasket, the buffer gasket and the testing gasket are integrally formed by integral heat pressing or circumferential bonding and sealing molding.
  • the thermal insulation gasket, sealing gasket buffer gasket and test gasket are sealed and molded for easy installation and replacement.
  • the heat-sealed and heat-insulated component is disposed inside the hole-closing cover, and the heat-sealed and heat-insulated component is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting groove.
  • the sealing and heat insulation component is preset on the inner side of the sealing cover, and it can be completed by directly connecting the sealing cover and the sealing seat during installation, which improves the installation efficiency.
  • a decompression film layer is provided on the through hole, and the decompression film layer is provided on the end of the through hole facing the battery end cover.
  • the decompression film layer can effectively slow down the pressure generated during the liquid injection process of the battery and prevent the pole pieces from wrinkling.
  • the pressure-relief membrane layer is a porous elastic membrane layer.
  • the porous elastic film layer is easy to manufacture and has a good decompression effect, which can effectively prevent damage to the pole piece caused by the pressure in the liquid injection process.
  • a protective film wrapping the sealing cap is also provided on the outside of the sealing cap. Setting the protective film can effectively prevent impurities from entering the inside of the sealing cap and causing sealing failure.
  • the protective film is made of heat shrinkable film. Under the thermal effect, the heat shrinkable film can fully wrap the sealing cap to achieve good sealing and protection.
  • the sealing seat is screwed to the battery end cover, and a sealing member is provided between the sealing seat and the battery end cover.
  • the screw connection can facilitate the installation and replacement of the hole sealing seat, and the seal can ensure the sealing performance between the hole sealing seat and the battery end cover.
  • the hole sealing seat and the battery end cover are integrally formed.
  • the integrally formed structure can ensure the long-term sealing performance between the hole sealing seat and the battery end cover, and is convenient for production.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly, which includes the liquid injection hole sealing device in the above embodiment, and the height of the liquid injection hole sealing device is equal to or lower than that of the pole of the end cover assembly.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes the end cover assembly in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of battery cells in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the liquid injection hole sealing device shown in Fig. 5 at the circle frame A;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the liquid injection hole sealing device shown in FIG. 7 at the circle B.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the liquid injection hole of the power battery cannot realize the cyclic replenishment of the battery cell, and the battery cell reaches the end of use ahead of time as the electrolyte is consumed. Or, after the cells of some power batteries are replenished through the liquid injection hole once, the liquid injection hole cannot reach the standard mechanical strength, and its explosion-proof pressure is lower than the development pressure of the explosion-proof valve, so it cannot be applied in the original scene.
  • the inventor found that in order to effectively prolong the service life of the battery, it is necessary to ensure that the electrolyte of the battery cell can be replenished in time.
  • Using the original liquid injection hole structure on the battery for subsequent liquid injection can be matched with the original liquid injection equipment, which can improve the efficiency and convenience of liquid injection, and can also maintain the original structure of the battery.
  • the cell assembly can realize circulating liquid replenishment during use, and can realize automatic exhaust during the liquid replenishment process.
  • the overall mechanical properties of the injection hole become a new problem after the injection is completed with the original injection hole. If the mechanical explosion-proof strength of the liquid injection hole is lower than the explosion-proof pressure of the explosion-proof valve, if the battery continues to work in the original electrical equipment, the liquid injection hole may rupture due to liquid leakage or too much pressure, resulting in battery scrap. Moreover, in order to ensure the safety of use and prevent the cell assembly from bursting from the liquid injection hole caused by excessive internal pressure, the pressure that the liquid injection hole can withstand after resealing must be greater than the design pressure of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the inventor researched and designed a liquid injection hole sealing device, and directly installed a liquid injection hole sealing device on the liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole is sealed to ensure the sealing performance of the liquid injection hole after the liquid injection is completed.
  • the liquid injection hole sealing device in the embodiment of the present application includes a hole sealing seat, a hole sealing cover, and a sealing and heat insulation assembly.
  • a hole sealing seat After using the above liquid injection hole sealing device, when the liquid injection hole is closed, use the sealing cover to fix the sealing heat insulation assembly on the hole sealing seat.
  • the sealing seat is removed, and the liquid injection device directly injects liquid through the through hole, and the through hole communicates with the liquid injection hole to realize the replenishment of the battery electrolyte.
  • the hole sealing cover and the heat insulation component are used to seal the hole to ensure the mechanical strength of the liquid injection hole, so that the battery can continue to operate normally, and the problem that the battery cell cannot be replenished with liquid can be solved.
  • the exhaust of the battery cell can also be realized to prevent the battery from exploding and igniting due to excessive gas inside the battery cell.
  • the liquid injection hole sealing device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electrical equipment such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system of the electric device can be composed of the end cap assembly, battery cells, batteries, etc. disclosed in this application, so that it is convenient for the battery cell to replenish electrolyte and exhaust during use, and to improve the stability of battery performance and battery performance. life.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 is used as an example of an electric device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 includes a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a cavity for accommodating the battery cell 20. Accommodate space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 11 is covered by the opening side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover assembly 21 , a casing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap assembly 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cover assembly 21 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a more With high structural strength, safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 25 may be provided on the end cap assembly 21 .
  • the electrode terminals 25 can be used for electrical connection with the battery cell assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cells 20 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cover assembly 21 may also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover assembly 21 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover assembly 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the case 22 is a component for mating with the end cap component 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20 .
  • the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the cell assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the casing 22 and the end cap assembly 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the casing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by making the end cap assembly 21 cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the housing 22 needs to be packaged When inside, make the end cover assembly 21 cover the housing 22 again.
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 where the electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • One or more cell assemblies 23 may be contained in the casing 22 .
  • the cell assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitute the main body of the cell assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively. During the charge and discharge process of the battery, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an end cap assembly in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a note shown in Figure 5
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the end cap assembly of other embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 8 is the enlargement of the liquid injection hole sealing device shown in Fig. 7 at the circle frame B schematic diagram.
  • the end cover assembly 21 is provided with a positive electrode terminal 25 a, a negative electrode terminal 25 b, an explosion-proof valve 24 and a liquid injection hole 2613 .
  • the liquid injection hole 2613 is provided between the positive electrode terminal 25 a and the explosion-proof valve 24 .
  • the liquid injection hole sealing device 26 is disposed on the liquid injection hole 2613, and the liquid injection hole sealing device 26 is disposed relatively close to the positive electrode terminal 25a.
  • the liquid injection hole sealing device 26 in the embodiment of the present application includes: a hole sealing seat 2601 , a hole sealing cover 2602 and a sealing and heat insulation component 2603 .
  • the sealing seat 2601 is provided on the liquid injection hole 2613, and the sealing seat 2601 includes a connecting part 2604 and a sealing part 2605 which are successively distributed in the axial direction.
  • the outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting portion 2604, and the sealing seat 2601 is provided with a through hole 2612 passing through the connecting portion 2604 and the sealing portion 2605, and the through hole 2612 communicates with the liquid injection hole 2613; the sealing cover 2602 is sealed with the sealing portion 2605 Connection; the sealing and insulating component 2603 is disposed between the sealing seat 2601 and the sealing cover 2602 , and the sealing and insulating component 2603 completely covers the through hole 2612 .
  • the sealing heat insulation assembly 2603 is sealed and connected with the sealing part 2605 under the pressure of the plugging cover 2602 .
  • the through hole 2612 on the sealing seat 2601 communicates with the liquid injection hole 2613 for liquid injection.
  • the sealing and positioning of the sealing seat 2601 can facilitate the liquid injection of the liquid injection device.
  • a larger space can be provided for the through hole 2612 , so that the diameters of the liquid injection hole 2613 and the through hole 2612 can be enlarged to improve the flow rate and efficiency of the liquid injection.
  • the aperture of the liquid injection hole 2613 can be designed to be twice to three times the original aperture, the aperture of the through hole 2612 is designed to be consistent with the aperture of the liquid injection hole 2613, and the central axis of the liquid injection hole 2613 coincides with the through hole 2612, the above
  • the structure improves the liquid injection efficiency on the basis of maintaining the original sealing performance of the liquid injection hole sealing device 26.
  • the sealing cap 2602 can also be designed for one-time use. After the liquid injection is completed, a new sealing cap 2602 and a sealing and heat insulating component 2603 with the same structure as the original sealing cap 2602 can be replaced to ensure the sealing and heat insulating component 2603 The performance and the rigidity and structural integrity of the sealing cover 2602 ensure that after the sealing cover 2602 is installed, the heat insulation sealing device 26 reaches the designed structural strength.
  • a sealing seat 2601 is provided above the liquid injection hole 2613 of the end cover of the battery 100 , and a sealing cover 2602 and a sealing and heat insulation assembly 2603 are correspondingly provided.
  • the sealing and heat insulation assembly 2603 is fixed on the sealing seat 2601 by the sealing cover 2602, which facilitates the installation of the sealing cover 2602 and the sealing seat 2601 while maintaining high mechanical strength;
  • the sealing cover 2602 and the sealing heat insulation assembly 2603 are removed from the sealing seat 2601, and the liquid injection device directly injects liquid through the through hole 2612, and the through hole 2612 communicates with the liquid injection hole 2613.
  • sealing with the hole sealing cover 2602 and the sealing heat insulation component 2603 can ensure the sealing performance and mechanical strength of the liquid injection hole 2613 .
  • the mechanical strength of the bond between the sealing heat insulation assembly 2603 and the sealing seat 2601 must be greater than the explosion-proof pressure of the explosion-proof valve, so as to prevent the pressure in the battery cell assembly from bursting at the liquid injection hole 2613, so that the battery 100 can continue to operate normally, and the battery problem is solved. 100 The problem of inability to carry out circulatory rehydration.
  • the outer end surface of the sealing cover 2602 is provided with a limiting groove 2606 that is recessed toward the sealing seat 2601, and the cover edge of the sealing cover 2602 is drawn inward along the circumferential direction to form a fastening portion 2607,
  • the bottom of the limiting groove 2606 is in sealing contact with the sealing and heat insulation assembly 2603
  • the buckling part 2607 is in sealing contact with the side of the sealing part 2605 facing the end cover.
  • the two ends along the axial direction seal the heat insulation assembly 2603 and the sealing seat 2601 to ensure the mechanical strength of the heat insulation assembly 2603 and the sealing seat 2601.
  • the side of the sealing part 2605 facing the liquid injection hole 2613 has a protruding positioning ring 2608 surrounding the connecting part 2604.
  • the direction of the limiting groove 2606 is retracted so that the end of the plugging cap 2602 wraps around the positioning ring 2608 .
  • the cover edge of the plugging cover 2602 is retracted to further ensure the mechanical strength of the connection between the plugging cover 2602 and the plugging seat 2601 .
  • the sealing and heat insulation component 2603 includes a heat insulation gasket 2609 , a sealing gasket 2610 and a buffer gasket 2611 arranged in layers.
  • the thermal insulation gasket 2609 is disposed toward the through hole 2612
  • the buffer gasket 2611 is disposed toward the limiting groove 2606
  • the sealing gasket 2610 is disposed between the thermal insulation gasket 2609 and the buffer gasket 2611 .
  • the thermal insulation gasket 2609 is placed toward the through hole 2612 to absorb heat, so as to prevent hot air from damaging the sealing gasket 2610 and the buffer gasket 2611, and then install the sealing gasket 2610 for sealing and the buffer gasket 2611 for buffering , realizing the long-term sealing performance of the sealed heat insulation assembly 2603, and prolonging the service life of the sealed heat insulation assembly 2603.
  • the through hole 2612 is further provided with a one-way air-permeable film 2614 , and the one-way air-permeable film 2614 is arranged between the hole-sealing seat 2601 and the heat-insulation component 2603 .
  • the gas flow direction of the one-way gas-permeable membrane 2614 is set to flow from the inside of the cell to the outside. When it is necessary to discharge the gas inside the cell, remove the sealing cover 2602 and the heat-insulating assembly 2603, and let the battery 100 stand for 24 to 48 hours, and the gas in the cell assembly 23 can be discharged through the one-way gas-permeable membrane 2614 , and the outside air will not enter the inside of the cell assembly 23 .
  • the gas inside the cell assembly can be easily discharged, and the gas pressure inside the cell assembly can be reduced without damaging the explosion-proof valve 24, thereby prolonging the life of the explosion-proof valve 24. Improve the safety performance of the battery 100 .
  • an observation hole is opened in the limiting groove 2606 , and a test gasket 2615 is also provided between the heat-insulating component 2603 and the sealing cover 2602 .
  • the test gasket 2615 can be a PH test paper. When in use, liquid is dripped into the test gasket 2615 through the observation hole. If there is air leakage or liquid leakage inside the battery pack 23, the leaked gas is dissolved in water or the leaked liquid is mixed with The PH test paper reacts with a corresponding color; if there is no air or liquid leakage inside the cell, the PH test paper will not change color.
  • the air tightness inside the sealing cover 2602 can be reflected through the test gasket 2615 before opening the sealing cover 2602, and the occurrence of air leakage and liquid leakage can be known in advance to ensure the safety of operators .
  • the thermal insulation gasket 2609 , the sealing gasket 2610 , the buffer gasket 2611 and the testing gasket 2615 can be integrally formed by integral heat pressing or circumferential bonding and sealing.
  • the heat insulation gasket 2609, the sealing gasket 2610, the buffer gasket 2611 and the test gasket 2615 are sealed and molded, which improves the sealing performance and facilitates installation and replacement.
  • the sealing and heat insulating component 2603 is disposed inside the hole sealing cover 2602 , and the sealing and heat insulating component 2603 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting groove 2606 .
  • the sealing and heat insulation component 2603 is preset inside the sealing cover 2602, and the installation can be completed by directly connecting the sealing cover 2602 to the sealing seat 2601, which improves the installation efficiency.
  • a decompression film layer 2616 is disposed on the through hole 2612 , and the decompression film layer 2616 is disposed on the end of the through hole 2612 facing the end cap of the battery 100 .
  • the decompression film layer 2616 can effectively slow down the pressure generated during the liquid injection process of the battery 100 and prevent the pole piece from wrinkling.
  • the pressure reducing membrane layer 2616 is a porous elastic membrane layer.
  • the porous elastic film layer is easy to manufacture and has a good decompression effect, which can effectively prevent the damage to the battery pole pieces caused by the pressure of the liquid injection process.
  • a protective film 2617 wrapping the sealing cap 2602 is further provided on the outside of the sealing cap 2602 . Setting the protective film 2617 can effectively prevent impurities from entering the inside of the sealing cap 2602 and causing sealing failure.
  • the protective film 2617 is made of heat shrinkable film.
  • the heat-shrinkable film can shrink under the effect of heat to fully wrap the sealing cap 2602 to achieve good sealing and protection.
  • the sealing seat 2601 is screwed to the end cap of the battery 100 , and a seal 2618 is provided between the sealing seat 2601 and the end cap of the battery 100 .
  • an external thread 2619 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting portion 2604 , and an internal thread matching the external thread 2619 of the connecting portion 2604 is provided at a position corresponding to the liquid injection hole 2613 on the end cover of the battery 100 .
  • the connecting portion 2604 is screwed to the end cap of the battery 100 , and a seal 2618 is provided outside the connecting portion 2604 to improve the airtightness of the threaded connection.
  • the screw connection can facilitate the installation and replacement of the hole sealing seat 2601 , and the seal 2618 can ensure the sealing performance between the hole sealing seat 2601 and the end cap of the battery 100 .
  • the sealing seat 2601 and the end cover of the battery 100 are integrally formed.
  • the integrally formed structure can ensure the mechanical strength of the connection between the sealing seat 2601 and the battery end cover assembly 21 , and can facilitate production.
  • the sealing seat 2601 is formed integrally with the end cover of the battery 100 , good sealing can be achieved without the sealing member 2618 .
  • the present application also provides an end cover assembly 21 , including the liquid injection hole sealing device 26 described in any of the above solutions.
  • the height of the liquid injection hole sealing device 26 is set to be equal to or lower than the height of the pole of the end cover assembly 21 .
  • the present application also provides a battery cell, including the end cover assembly 21 described in any of the above solutions.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, including the battery cells in the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery 100 in the above embodiments, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the powered device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备，注液孔密封装置包括：封孔座、封孔盖以及密封隔热组件，封孔座设于注液孔，包括自身轴向相继分布的连接部以及密封部，连接部与电池端盖密封连接，封孔座上设有贯通连接部以及密封部的通孔，通孔与注液孔连通；封孔盖与密封部密封连接；密封隔热组件设于封孔座与封孔盖之间，且密封隔热组件完全覆盖通孔；密封隔热组件在封孔盖的压力作用下与密封部密封连接。

Description

注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年09月27日提交的名称为“注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备”的中国专利申请202122347218.2的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备。
背景技术
锂离子动力电池凭借其能量高、工作电压高、工作温度范围宽、贮存寿命长等优点，成为电动汽车动力电池的主流选择。
目前，电池电芯需要定期补充电解液，注液孔大多使用密封钉焊接在电池端盖上，组装完成后，无法对电池进行循环补液。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备，能够解决电池后续无法进行循环补液的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种注液孔密封装置，包括：封孔座，设于注液孔，封孔座包括自身轴向相继分布的连接部以及密封部，连接部与电池端盖密封连接，密封部的外径大于连接部的外径，封孔座上设有贯通 连接部以及密封部的通孔，且通孔与注液孔连通；封孔盖，与密封部密封连接；密封隔热组件，设于封孔座与封孔盖之间，且密封隔热组件完全覆盖通孔；其中，密封隔热组件在封孔盖的压力作用下与密封部密封连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，在电池端盖的注液孔上方设置封孔座并对应设置封孔盖以及密封隔热组件。这样的设置，在注液孔封闭时利用封孔盖将密封隔热组件固定于封孔座上，保持密封隔热组件与封孔座之间稳定的力学连接；当需要加注电解液时，将封孔盖以及密封隔热组件从封孔座上取下，注液装置直接通过通孔进行注液，通孔与注液孔连通，实现对电芯电解液的补充。注液完成后，再用封孔盖以及密封隔热组件进行密封即可保证注液孔的密封性能，使电池继续正常运行，实现了电芯组件循环补液的功能。
在一些实施例中，封孔盖的外端面上设有朝向封孔座凹陷的限位凹槽，封孔盖的盖缘沿周向内收形成扣合部，限位凹槽的底部与密封隔热组件密封贴合，扣合部与密封部朝向端盖的一侧密封贴合。通过设置限位凹槽以及扣合部，沿着轴向方向的两端对密封隔热组件与封孔座进行施力，防止密封件老化，提升封孔盖与封孔座之间的力学性能。
在一些实施例中，密封部朝向注液孔的一侧具有突出的环绕连接部的定位环，定位环与连接部间隔设置，封孔盖的盖缘朝向限位凹槽内收，以使封孔盖的端部包裹定位环。通过设置定位环，将封孔盖的盖缘上收，进一步提升封孔盖与封孔座之间连接的力学稳定性。
在一些实施例中，密封隔热组件包括层叠设置的隔热垫片、密封垫片以及缓冲垫片，隔热垫片朝向通孔设置。将隔热垫片朝向通孔设置吸收热量，防止热气对密封垫片以及缓冲垫片造成损坏，再设置密封垫片进行密封，保证密封隔热组件长期稳定的密封性能。
在一些实施例中，通孔上还设有单向透气膜，单向透气膜设于封孔座与密封隔热组件之间。设置单向透气膜能够便于电芯内部的气体排出，在不破坏防爆阀的情况下，对内部气体进行排出，实现自排气功能，延长防爆阀的寿命，提升电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，限位凹槽内开设有观察孔，密封隔热组件与封孔盖之间还设有测试垫片。通过设置测试垫片，以及观察孔，能够在开启封孔盖之前通过测试垫片反映出封孔盖内的气体泄漏情况，提前获知漏气漏液情况发生。
在一些实施例中，隔热垫片、密封垫片、缓冲垫片以及测试垫片通过整体热压或周向粘接密封成型方式一体成型。将隔热垫片、密封垫片缓冲垫片以及测试垫片密封成型，便于安装和更换。
在一些实施例中，密封隔热组件设于封孔盖内侧，且密封隔热组件与限位凹槽的底壁固定连接。将密封隔热组件预设在封孔盖内侧，在安装时直接将封孔盖与封孔座连接即可完成，提升了安装效率。
在一些实施例中，通孔上设有减压膜层，减压膜层设于通孔朝向电池端盖的一端。减压膜层能够有效减缓电池注液过程产生的压力，防止极片打皱现象产生。
在一些实施例中，减压膜层为多孔弹性膜层。多孔弹性膜层制造简便，减压效果好，能够有效防止注液过程的压力对极片造成的损伤。
在一些实施例中，封孔盖外侧还设有包裹封孔盖的保护膜。设置保护膜能够有效防止杂质进入封孔盖内部导致密封失效。
在一些实施例中，保护膜采用热收缩膜制成。热收缩膜在热效应下能够对封孔盖进行全面的包裹，实现良好的密封以及保护作用。
在一些实施例中，封孔座与电池端盖之间螺纹连接，且封孔座与电池端盖之间设有密封件。通过螺纹连接能够便于封孔座的安装和更换，密封件能够保证封孔座与电池端盖之间的密封性能。
在一些实施例中，封孔座与电池端盖为一体成型结构。一体成型的结构能够保证封孔座与电池端盖之间的长期密封性能，并且能便于生产。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种端盖组件，其包括上述实施例中的注液孔密封装置，且注液孔密封装置的高度等于或低于端盖组件的极柱的高度。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，其包括上述实施例中的端盖组件。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，其包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2位本申请一些实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；.
图4为本申请另一些实施例的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图6为图5所示的注液孔密封装置在圆框A处的放大示意图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图8为图7所示的注液孔密封装置在圆框B处的放大示意图。
附图标记详细说明
1000、车辆；
100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；
10、箱体；11、第一部分；12、第二部分；
20、电池单体；21、端盖组件；22、壳体；23、电芯组件；24、防爆阀；25、电极端子；25a、正极电极端子；25b、负极电极端子
26、注液孔密封装置；2601、封孔座；2602、封孔盖；2603、密封隔热组件；2604、连接部；2605、密封部；2606、限位凹槽；2607、扣合部；2608、定位环；2609、隔热垫片；2610、密封垫片；2611、缓冲垫片；2612、通孔；2613、注液孔；2614、单向透气膜；2615、测试垫片；2616、减压膜层；2617、保护膜；2618、密封件；2619、外螺纹
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向” “径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
但是，动力电池的注液孔无法实现对电芯的循环补液，电芯随着电解液的消耗提前到达使用终点。或者有些动力电池的电芯通过注液孔进行一次补液后，注液孔无法达到标准的力学强度，其防爆压力小于防爆阀的开发压力，无法在原有的场景下应用。
在研究过程中发明人发现，要实现有效延长电池的使用寿命，必须保证电芯的电解液能够得到及时的补充。利用电池上原有的注液孔结构进行后续注液能够用原有的注液设备与其匹配，能提升注液效率以及便捷性，也可以保持电池的原有结构。并且，在注液的过程中，电芯组件能在使用过程中实现循环补液，同时能在补液过程中实现自动排气。
然而，用原有的注液孔注液完成后注液孔整体力学性能成为一个新的问题。注液孔的力学防爆强度如果小于防爆阀的防爆压力，电池如果继续在原有的用电设备中工作，有可能因为漏液或者压力太大导致注液孔破裂而造成电池报废。并且，为了保证使用的安全，防止电芯组件内部压力过大导致的从注液孔处爆裂，注液孔重新进行密封后能承受的压强必须大于防爆阀的设计压力。
基于上述的考虑，为了实现电池的多次循环补液，同时保证注液孔的密封性能，发明人研究设计出一种注液孔密封装置，在注液孔上直接设置一注液孔密封装置，对注液孔进行密封，保证注液孔注液完成后的密封性能。
本申请实施例中的注液孔密封装置包括封孔座、封孔盖以及密封隔热组件。使用上述的注液孔密封装置后，在注液孔封闭时利用封孔盖将密封隔热组件固定于封孔座上，当需要加注电解液时，将封孔盖以及密封隔热组件从封孔座上取下，注液装置直接通过通孔进行注液，通孔与注液孔连通，实现对电芯电解液的补充。注液完成后，再用封孔盖以及密封隔热组件进行密封即可保证注液孔的力学强度，使电池继续正常运行，解决了电芯无法进行循环补液的问题。同时，在补液的过程中，还能实现电芯的排气，防止电芯内部的气体过多导致电池爆炸、起火。
本申请实施例公开的注液孔密封装置可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中。可以使用具备本申请公开的端盖组件、电池单体、电池等组成该用电设备的电源系统，这样，便于电芯在使用过程中补充电解液、排气，提升电池性能的稳定性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、 电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二 部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖组件21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖组件21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖组件21上可以设置有如电极端子25等的功能性部件。电极端子25可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20 的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖组件21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖组件21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖组件21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖组件21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件。其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖组件21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回 路。
请参考图4至图8，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图，图5为本申请一些实施例的端盖组件的结构示意图，图6为图5所示的注液孔密封装置在圆框A处的放大示意图，图7为本申请另一些实施例的端盖组件的结构示意图；图8为图7所示的注液孔密封装置在圆框B处的放大示意图。
如图所示，端盖组件21上设有正极电极端子25a、负极电极端子25b、防爆阀24以及注液孔2613。注液孔2613设于正极电极端子25a与防爆阀24之间。注液孔密封装置26设于注液孔2613上，且注液孔密封装置26相对靠近正极电极端子25a设置。
请参考图6，本申请实施例中的注液孔密封装置26包括：封孔座2601、封孔盖2602以及密封隔热组件2603。具体的，封孔座2601设于注液孔2613上，封孔座2601包括自身轴向相继分布的连接部2604以及密封部2605，连接部2604与电池端盖组件21密封连接，密封部2605的外径大于连接部2604的外径，封孔座2601上设有贯通连接部2604以及密封部2605的通孔2612，且通孔2612与注液孔2613连通；封孔盖2602与密封部2605密封连接；密封隔热组件2603设于封孔座2601与封孔盖2602之间，且密封隔热组件2603完全覆盖通孔2612。其中，密封隔热组件2603在封孔盖2602的压力作用下与密封部2605密封连接。
通过在注液孔2613上设置封孔座2601，封孔座2601上的通孔2612与注液孔2613连通进行注液，封孔座2601的密封以及定位作用能够便于注液装置的注液。同时，通过设置封孔座2601能够为通孔2612提供更大的空间，实现将注液孔2613以及通孔2612的孔径扩大，以提高注液的流量以及效率。注液孔2613的孔径能够设计为原有孔径的两倍至三倍，通 孔2612的孔径与注液孔2613的孔径设计为一致，且注液孔2613与通孔2612的中心轴重合，上述的结构在保持注液孔密封装置26原有的密封性能的基础上提高注液效率。
封孔盖2602也可设计为一次性使用，当注液完成后可以换上与原来的封孔盖2602结构相同的新的封孔盖2602以及密封隔热组件2603，以保证密封隔热组件2603的性能以及封孔盖2602的刚性和结构整体性，保证封孔盖2602安装完成后，隔热密封装置26达到设计的结构强度。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，在电池100端盖的注液孔2613上方设置封孔座2601并对应设置封孔盖2602以及密封隔热组件2603。这样的设置，在注液孔2613封闭时利用封孔盖2602将密封隔热组件2603固定于封孔座2601上，便于封孔盖2602与封孔座2601的安装同时保持较高的力学强度；当需要加注电解液时，将封孔盖2602以及密封隔热组件2603从封孔座2601上取下，注液装置直接通过通孔2612进行注液，通孔2612与注液孔2613连通，实现对电芯组件23的循环补液。注液完成后，再用封孔盖2602以及密封隔热组件2603进行密封即可保证注液孔2613的密封性能以及力学强度。并且，密封隔热组件2603与封孔座2601之间结合的力学强度须大于防爆阀的防爆压力，防止电芯组件中压强在注液孔2613处爆裂，使电池100继续正常运行，解决了电池100无法进行循环补液的问题。
在本申请的一些实施例中，封孔盖2602的外端面上设有朝向封孔座2601凹陷的限位凹槽2606，封孔盖2602的盖缘沿周向内收形成扣合部2607，限位凹槽2606的底部与密封隔热组件2603密封贴合，扣合部2607与密封部2605朝向端盖的一侧密封贴合。
通过设置限位凹槽2606以及扣合部2607，沿着轴向方向的两端对 密封隔热组件2603与封孔座2601进行密封，保证隔热组件2603与封孔座2601的力学强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，密封部2605朝向注液孔2613的一侧具有突出的环绕连接部2604的定位环2608，定位环2608与连接部2604间隔设置，封孔盖2602的盖缘朝向限位凹槽2606的方向内收，以使封孔盖2602的端部包裹定位环2608。
通过设置定位环2608，将封孔盖2602的盖缘上收，进一步保证封孔盖2602与封孔座2601之间的连接的力学强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，密封隔热组件2603包括层叠设置的隔热垫片2609、密封垫片2610以及缓冲垫片2611。隔热垫片2609朝向通孔2612设置，缓冲垫片2611朝向限位凹槽2606设置，密封垫片2610设于隔热垫片2609以及缓冲垫片2611之间。
通过上述的技术方案，将隔热垫片2609朝向通孔2612设置吸收热量，防止热气对密封垫片2610以及缓冲垫片2611造成损坏，再设置密封垫片2610进行密封、缓冲垫片2611进行缓冲，实现密封隔热组件2603的长期密封性能，延长密封隔热组件2603的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，通孔2612上还设有单向透气膜2614，单向透气膜2614设于封孔座2601与密封隔热组件2603之间。
单向透气膜2614的气体流通方向，被设置为从电芯内部朝向外部流动。当需要对电芯内部的气体进行排出时，将封孔盖2602以及密封隔热组件2603去除，将电池100静置24至48小时，电芯组件23中的气体能够通过单向透气膜2614排出，并且外部的空气不会进入到电芯组件23内部。
通过在封孔座2601上设置单向透气膜2614能够便于电芯组件内部 的气体排出，在不破坏防爆阀24的情况下，减小电芯组件内部的气体压力，延长防爆阀24的寿命，提升电池100的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，限位凹槽2606内开设有观察孔，密封隔热组件2603与封孔盖2602之间还设有测试垫片2615。测试垫片2615可以是PH试纸，在使用时，通过观察孔将液体滴入测试垫片2615上，如果电芯组23内部漏气或者漏液，漏出的气体溶于水中后或者漏出的液体与PH试纸反应呈现出相应的颜色；如果电芯内部没有漏气或者漏液，PH试纸不变色。
通过设置测试垫片2615以及观察孔，能够在开启封孔盖2602之前通过测试垫片2615反映出封孔盖2602内的气密性情况，提前获知漏气漏液情况发生，保证操作人员的安全。
在本申请的一些实施例中，隔热垫片2609、密封垫片2610、缓冲垫片2611以及测试垫片2615可以通过整体热压或周向粘接密封成型方式一体成型。将隔热垫片2609、密封垫片2610缓冲垫片2611以及测试垫片2615密封成型，提升密封性能的同时便于安装和更换。
在本申请的一些实施例中，密封隔热组件2603设于封孔盖2602内侧，且密封隔热组件2603与限位凹槽2606的底壁固定连接。将密封隔热组件2603预设在封孔盖2602内侧，在安装时直接将封孔盖2602与封孔座2601连接即可完成，提升了安装效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，通孔2612上设有减压膜层2616，减压膜层2616设于通孔2612朝向电池100端盖的一端。减压膜层2616能够有效减缓电池100注液过程产生的压力，防止极片打皱现象产生。
在本申请的一些实施例中，减压膜层2616为多孔弹性膜层。多孔弹性膜层制造简便，减压效果好，能够有效防止注液过程的压力对电池极片 造成的损伤。
根据本申请的一些实施例，封孔盖2602外侧还设有包裹封孔盖2602的保护膜2617。设置保护膜2617能够有效防止杂质进入封孔盖2602内部导致密封失效。
在本申请的实施例中，保护膜2617采用热收缩膜制成。热收缩膜在热效应下能够收缩，以对封孔盖2602进行全面的包裹，实现良好的密封以及保护作用。
在一些实施例中，封孔座2601与电池100端盖之间螺纹连接，且封孔座2601与电池100端盖之间设有密封件2618。具体的，连接部2604的外壁设有外螺纹2619，电池100端盖上对应注液孔2613的位置设有与连接部2604外螺纹2619配合的内螺纹。连接部2604与电池100端盖螺纹连接，且在连接部2604外侧还设有密封件2618提升螺纹连接的气密性。
通过螺纹连接能够便于封孔座2601的安装和更换，密封件2618能够保证封孔座2601与电池100端盖之间的密封性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7以及图8所示，封孔座2601与电池100端盖为一体成型结构。一体成型的结构能够保证封孔座2601与电池端盖组件21之间结合的力学强度，并且能便于生产。此外，封孔座2601与电池100端盖一体成型时，无需密封件2618即可实现良好的密封。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种端盖组件21，包括以上任一方案所述注液孔密封装置26。且注液孔密封装置26的高度设置为等于或低于端盖组件21的极柱的高度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池单体，包括以上任一方案所述的端盖组件21。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电设备提供电能。用电设备可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种注液孔密封装置，用于密封电池端盖上的注液孔，包括
    封孔座，设于所述注液孔，所述封孔座包括自身轴向相继分布的连接部以及密封部，所述连接部与所述电池端盖密封连接，所述密封部的外径大于所述连接部的外径，所述封孔座上设有贯通所述连接部以及所述密封部的通孔，且所述通孔与所述注液孔连通；
    封孔盖，与所述密封部密封连接；
    密封隔热组件，设于所述封孔座与所述封孔盖之间，且所述密封隔热组件完全覆盖所述通孔；
    其中，所述密封隔热组件在所述封孔盖的压力作用下与所述密封部密封连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述封孔盖的外端面上设有朝向所述封孔座凹陷的限位凹槽，所述封孔盖的盖缘沿周向内收形成扣合部，所述限位凹槽的底部与所述密封隔热组件密封贴合，所述扣合部与所述密封部朝向所述端盖的一侧密封贴合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述密封部朝向所述注液孔的一侧具有突出的环绕所述连接部的定位环，所述定位环与所述连接部间隔设置，所述封孔盖的盖缘朝向所述限位凹槽内收，以使所述封孔盖的端部包裹所述定位环。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述密封隔热组件包括层叠设置的隔热垫片、密封垫片以及缓冲垫片，所述隔热垫片朝向所述通孔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述通孔上还设有单向透气膜，所述单向透气膜设于所述封孔座与所述密封隔 热组件之间。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述限位凹槽内开设有观察孔，所述密封隔热组件与所述封孔盖之间还设有测试垫片。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述隔热垫片、所述密封垫片、所述缓冲垫片以及所述测试垫片通过整体热压或周向粘接密封成型方式一体成型。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述密封隔热组件设于所述封孔盖内侧，且所述密封隔热组件与所述限位凹槽的底壁固定连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述通孔上设有减压膜层，所述减压膜层设于所述通孔朝向所述电池端盖的一端。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述减压膜层为多孔弹性膜层。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述封孔盖外侧还设有包裹所述封孔盖的保护膜。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述保护膜采用热收缩膜制成。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述封孔座与所述电池端盖之间螺纹连接，且所述封孔座与所述电池端盖之间设有密封件。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，其中，所述封孔座与所述电池端盖为一体成型结构。
  15. 一种端盖组件，包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的注液孔密封装置，且所述注液孔密封装置的高度等于或低于所述端盖组件的极柱的高 度。
  16. 一种电池单体，包括如权利要求15所述的端盖组件。
  17. 一种电池，包括如权利要求16所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种用电设备，所述用电设备包括如权利要求17所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/097479 2021-09-27 2022-06-07 注液孔密封装置、端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电设备 WO2023045401A1 (zh)

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