WO2023013630A1 - 凍結乾燥物 - Google Patents
凍結乾燥物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023013630A1 WO2023013630A1 PCT/JP2022/029630 JP2022029630W WO2023013630A1 WO 2023013630 A1 WO2023013630 A1 WO 2023013630A1 JP 2022029630 W JP2022029630 W JP 2022029630W WO 2023013630 A1 WO2023013630 A1 WO 2023013630A1
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- Prior art keywords
- freeze
- drying
- dried
- angle
- cylindrical body
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940022962 COVID-19 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003971 influenza vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000700647 Variola virus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 24
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940083538 smallpox vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
- F26B5/065—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing the product to be freeze-dried being sprayed, dispersed or pulverised
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0445—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having conductive heating arrangements, e.g. heated drum wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0463—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
- F26B11/0477—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum
- F26B11/0481—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum the elements having a screw- or auger-like shape, or form screw- or auger-like channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
- F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
- F26B25/16—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly closed, e.g. drum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/18—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
- F26B3/22—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration
- F26B3/24—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration the movement being rotation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/041—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum for drying flowable materials, e.g. suspensions, bulk goods, in a continuous operation, e.g. with locks or other air tight arrangements for charging/discharging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a freeze-dried product related to a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus and a vacuum freeze-drying method.
- a freeze-drying apparatus has also been proposed in which a tray containing a raw material liquid is placed on a shelf and freeze-dried (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus has been proposed that releases frozen particles into a vacuum and sublimates and dries them.
- a shelf-type vacuum freeze-drying apparatus (Patent Document 2) cannot continuously produce a freeze-dried product. That is, a method (a so-called batch method) in which a tray containing a predetermined amount of raw material liquid is placed on a shelf, freeze-dried, and then taken out is subject to quantitative limitations. Furthermore, since the freeze-dried product forms a lump in the tray, in order to obtain a powder that is easy to transport, it is necessary to perform crushing and sieving steps after freeze-drying. In addition, depending on the shelf of the tray and the placement position within the shelf, the state of freeze-drying progresses differently, resulting in a problem of uneven quality.
- Patent Document 4 See Japanese Patent No. 6777350.
- the term “continuously” refers to the batch method in which trays or vials containing a predetermined amount of raw material liquid are placed on a shelf and freeze-dried. The steps are connected, and as long as the raw material liquid is supplied, these steps are continuously performed to continuously produce the freeze-dried product.
- the problems of the prior art can be overcome, and as long as the raw material liquid is added, the freeze-dried product can be continuously produced, so that it is not subject to quantitative restrictions and can improve quality variations.
- an object of the present invention is to produce a freeze-dried product that can be smoothly transported in the drying section in order to continuously produce a freeze-dried product of uniform quality in the freeze-drying apparatus described above.
- the present invention reduces the adhesion of the freeze-dried product to the wall surface of the drying section, and prevents the freeze-dried product from clumping due to the adhesion of the freeze-dried product to each other, so that it can be transferred smoothly.
- the characteristics of the freeze-dried product itself are important requirements, and we were able to find out such characteristics of the freeze-dried product as follows by measuring the angle of repose and the angle of initiation of flow.
- the freeze-dried product according to the present invention is a freeze-dried product that is dried while moving under mechanical force in a freeze-drying device, wherein the freeze-drying device sprays a raw material liquid to produce a frozen product. and a drying unit that dries the frozen product while moving it.
- the drying section has a cylindrical shape that extends linearly in the horizontal direction, and includes a vacuum cylindrical body provided with a spiral wall or groove that is continuously formed in the inner wall in the longitudinal direction.
- the frozen material or freeze-dried material is transferred in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body by sliding between the wall or the groove due to the heat conduction of the cylindrical body and the rotation of the cylindrical body. contact with the inner wall of the body, the wall or the groove, heat is conducted to sublimate or dry, and the evaporated water is discharged outside with the sublimation or drying, and the flow start angle is 44 degrees or more. or the repose angle is larger than the flow initiation angle and smaller than 55 degrees, and the residual amount is 3 g or less with respect to the input amount of 10 g when the longitudinal length of the cylindrical body is 30 cm. It is.
- the drying section is provided with a cylindrical body for transferring the frozen material or the freeze-dried material inside, the cylindrical body having a cylindrical shape extending linearly in the horizontal direction, A transfer means is provided in the body that includes a continuous helical wall or groove.
- the cylindrical body is partitioned into three or more locations so as to surround at least the periphery in the longitudinal direction, and temperature-controlled air or liquid is supplied to each of the partitioned peripheral regions of the cylindrical body, and the outer surface of the cylindrical body is adjust the temperature of As a result, the frozen material or freeze-dried material is brought into sufficient contact with the inner wall of the temperature-controlled cylindrical body or the internal transfer means, and is transported in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body by sliding between them and the transfer means. Good heat conduction sublimates or dries the frozen or freeze-dried material inside. It should be noted that the evaporated moisture is configured to be exhausted to the outside.
- the cylindrical body is rotated by the rotating part, and when the cylindrical body rotates, the frozen material entering from the entrance is sequentially transported through the cylindrical body toward the exit through the transport means provided with a spiral wall or groove. be done. During such transport, the frozen material is continuously sublimated and dried. It was found that if the freeze-dried product has such properties, adhesion of other objects (such as wall surfaces) in the drying section and adhesion of the dried products to each other is reduced, and smoother transfer can be realized.
- the freeze-dried product according to the present invention is a freeze-dried product that is dried while moving under mechanical force in a freeze-drying apparatus, and has a flow start angle of 38.0 degrees or less and a repose angle of 38.0 degrees or less. It is larger than the angle and 40.5 degrees or less, and the residual amount is 0.4 g or less. It was further found that if the freeze-dried product has such properties, adhesion of other objects (such as wall surfaces) in the drying section and adhesion of the dried products to each other is further reduced, and smoother transfer can be performed.
- other objects such as wall surfaces
- the freeze-dried product according to the present invention is a freeze-dried product characterized in that the raw material liquid contains at least one of a sugar alcohol and a disaccharide as an excipient, and the sugar alcohol is erythritol. or mannitol and said disaccharide is a lyophilisate of sucrose or trehalose.
- a sugar alcohol e.g., mannitol or erythritol
- a disaccharide e.g., sucrose or trehalose
- the freeze-dried product according to the present invention is a freeze-dried product in which the freeze-dried product is an injection or a solid drug, and the injection or the drug is a COVID-19 vaccine, a smallpox vaccine, or an influenza vaccine.
- vaccine formulations including vaccine formulations; biopharmaceuticals containing nucleic acids or antibodies; antiviral agents; and lyophilisates that are any of stem cells.
- the freeze-dried product can be transferred smoothly while being dried by sufficiently contacting and conducting heat with the drying part under the above-described conditions, and the freeze-dried product can be a cylindrical body.
- the adhesion to the wall surface is reduced, and the freeze-dried product does not clump together due to adhesion, and can be dried by sufficient heat conduction while being transferred smoothly in the cylindrical body.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional front view of a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus used for carrying out the present invention.
- 2 is a front view showing a drying section of the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a drying section of the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view (a), a front view (b), a cross-sectional view (c), a longitudinal front view (d), and a longitudinal front view (d), showing one of a plurality of cylindrical parts constituting a cylindrical body provided in the drying section. and (e) a partially enlarged view of (d).
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the repose angle measuring method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the repose angle measuring method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a flow start angle measuring device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a front view showing the measurement state of the flow start angle.
- FIG. 8 shows experimental sample no. 1 to 8, and reference examples 1 and 2 measurement data of the repose angle and flow initiation angle.
- FIG. 9 shows experimental sample no. 9 to 17 and measurement data of the repose angle and the flow start angle of Reference Example 3.
- FIG. 10 shows fluidity analysis data based on the measurement data of the repose angle and the flow start angle.
- the freeze-dried product includes pharmaceuticals in the form of injections or solid formulations, such as COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine formulations containing smallpox vaccines or influenza vaccines, biopharmaceuticals containing nucleic acids or antibodies, antiviral agents, and stem cells. is.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal front view of the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus used in the practice of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing the drying section of the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus of FIG. It is a top view which shows a drying part.
- a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus 1 includes a freezing section 2 , a drying section 3 , a connecting section 4 and a collection section 5 .
- the freezing unit 2 discharges the raw material liquid into the vacuum vessel from the nozzle 21, and freezes the discharged raw material liquid in vacuum to produce a frozen product.
- the released or dripped raw material liquid evaporates while falling and loses the latent heat of vaporization, self-freezes, becomes a frozen substance that is microscopic frozen particles by sublimation, and has a tapered shape with a narrow bottom. It falls toward the collecting section 22 and is collected by the collecting section 22 .
- the connecting part 4 connects the freezing part 2 and the drying part 3 and is for transferring the frozen material produced in the freezing part 2 to the drying part 3 .
- the drying unit 3 sublimes and dries the frozen material.
- the collecting section 5 collects the dried matter emitted from the outlet of the drying section 3 .
- the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus it is also possible to discharge the raw material liquid from a nozzle into a cold air environment and freeze it to produce a frozen product. When the cold air freezing method is used, cold air is applied from the side when dropping the raw material.
- the drying unit 3 has a cylindrical body 31 for transferring the frozen or freeze-dried material. It is provided with an inlet 31b for receiving the frozen material and an outlet 31c for the sublimated and dried material.
- the inlet portion 31b has a receiving port 302 for receiving frozen matter.
- a helical transfer means 31a is provided inside the cylindrical body 31 in the vicinity of the inner wall of the cylindrical body 31 continuously from the inlet portion 31b toward the outlet portion 31c. The frozen material conveyed from the connecting portion 4 enters from the inlet portion 31b of the cylindrical body 31 and is transferred to the outlet portion 31c by the spiral transfer means 31a.
- the cylindrical body 31 is partitioned into three or more locations so as to surround at least the periphery in the longitudinal direction, and the temperature is controlled by dripping supply of temperature-controlled air or liquid nitrogen to the peripheral regions of the partitioned cylindrical body 31 respectively.
- Temperature control means 30a to 30j are provided.
- the temperature control means 30a to 30j are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body 31, and control the temperature of a plurality of regions 40a to 40j on the outer surface of the cylindrical body 31.
- FIG. A plurality of regions 40a to 40j are provided from the inlet portion 31b of the cylindrical body 31 toward the outlet portion 31c, and the temperature of each region can be controlled independently.
- the temperature control means 30a to 30j adjust the temperature of the portions inside the cylindrical body 31 corresponding to the plurality of regions 40a to 40j by controlling the temperature within the plurality of regions 40a to 40j.
- Ten temperature control means 30a to 30j are provided, and ten regions formed by the temperature control means 30a to 30j are also provided.
- Heat is conducted from the plurality of temperature-controlled regions 40a to 40j to the inner wall of the cylindrical body 31 and the transfer means 31a inside, and the inner wall or the transfer means 31a is brought into sufficient contact with the frozen material or freeze-dried material.
- the sliding between the frozen material or the freeze-dried material and the transfer means 31a transports it in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body 31, and at the same time, the contact efficiently conducts heat to sublimate or sublimate the frozen material or the freeze-dried material inside.
- the dried and evaporated moisture is configured to be exhausted to the outside.
- the three or more partitioned peripheral regions of the cylindrical body are, respectively, from the entrance to the exit of the cylindrical body 31 a minus temperature area, a temperature area ranging from the minus temperature to plus 40°C, and a plus temperature area. It has at least a temperature range of 20°C or higher.
- a rotating part 7 for rotating the cylindrical body 31 is provided.
- the frozen material entering from the inlet part 31b of the cylindrical body 31 passes through the helical transfer means 31a and sequentially moves inside the cylindrical body 31 toward the outlet part 31c. , is transferred. In the meantime, the frozen material is continuously sublimated and dried.
- the rotating part 7 is configured to rotate only the cylindrical body 31, and the temperature control means 30a to 30j outside the cylindrical body 31 do not rotate.
- the temperature control means 30a-30j are also fixed so as not to rotate.
- the rotating section 7 includes a motor 71, pulleys 72 and 73, a belt 74, rotating shafts 75 and 76, and rotating rollers 77 and 78.
- a belt 74 is hung on the pulleys 72 and 73 .
- a rotational force of the motor 71 is transmitted via the belt 74 .
- the rotating rollers 77 are arranged below both sides of the cylindrical body 31 .
- the cylindrical body 31 is placed on rotating rollers 77 arranged on both sides.
- the pulley 73 is attached near one end of the rotating shaft 75 .
- a rotating roller 78 attached to a fixed base is provided inside the pulley 73, and a rotating roller 78 attached to a fixed base is provided at the other end of the rotating shaft 75 as well.
- Eight rotating rollers 77 are attached to the rotating shaft 75 between the rotating rollers 78 , 78 .
- the rotating shaft 76 has a rotating roller 78 attached to a fixed base at one end and a rotating roller 78 attached to a fixed base at the other end.
- Eight rotating rollers 77 are attached to the rotating shaft 76 between the rotating rollers 78 , 78 .
- a rotating roller 77 attached to the rotating shaft 75 is a driving roller
- a rotating roller 77 attached to the rotating shaft 76 is a driven roller.
- the rotation speed of the cylindrical body 31 it is preferable that the rotation speed is in the range of 1/30 revolution per minute or more and 1 revolution or less.
- FIG. 4 shows a cylindrical portion 31B among the plurality of cylindrical portions that constitute the cylindrical body 31.
- FIG. 4(a) is a perspective view of the cylindrical portion 31B
- (b) is a front view of the cylindrical portion 31B
- (c) is a side view of the cylindrical portion 31B
- (d) is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylindrical portion 31B
- (e) is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion B of (d);
- the tubular portion 31B is formed with radially projecting edges 31d on both sides of the open end, and a part of the spiral transfer means 31a is continuously formed from one end to the other end. .
- wall portions are continuously formed as part of the transfer means 31a, such as the wall portion 31a1 of the first round and the wall portion 31a2 of the second round.
- the height of the wall portion 31a1 and the wall portion 31a2 is equal to the height of the transfer means 31a, and is preferably set within a range of, for example, 3 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the pitch P between the wall portion 31a1 and the wall portion 31a2 is the pitch of the spiral transfer means 31a, and is preferably in the range of, for example, 5 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- the raw material liquid is a raw material reagent, and for the sake of convenience, no medicine or drug is mixed therein.
- a method for preparing 10% D-mannitol as a raw material liquid water is added to 50 g of D-mannitol to make 500 g, and the mixture is stirred.
- a method for preparing a mixed solution of 5% D-mannitol and 5% sucrose 25 g of D-mannitol and 25 g of sucrose are added, and water is added to make 500 g, followed by stirring.
- the same notation means weight % of the excipient with respect to the raw material liquid.
- the raw material solutions used as the basis for the samples used in this experiment were (1) 10% D-mannitol/10% sucrose, (2) 8% D-mannitol/2% sucrose, and (3) 5% D-mannitol/5% trehalose. , (4) 5% erythritol/5% sucrose, (5) 5% D-mannitol/5% sucrose, (6) 10% trehalose, (7) 10% sucrose, (8) 10% D-mannitol, (9) 10 % erythritol, (10) 5% D-mannitol/5% trehalose, (11) 5% D-mannitol/5% sucrose, (12) 10% erythritol, (13) 5% erythritol/5% sucrose, ( 14) 10% trehalose, (15) 10% D-mannitol, (16) 10% sucrose, and (17) 8% D-mannitol/2% sucrose were prepared.
- (1) to (8) were freeze-dried by a freeze-drying device 1 (spray freeze-drying device), and samples No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, and No. 7 were obtained. , No. 8.
- the raw material liquids (9) to (17) were freeze-dried using a shelf-type freeze-drying apparatus, pulverized with a stainless spatula, and sieved through a mesh with an opening of 850 microns. No. 11, No. 12, No. 13, No. 14, No. 15, No. 16, and No. 17.
- the freeze-dried product is intended to have a water content of less than 10%.
- the freeze-dried product produced by the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus 1 has a particle size of 2000 microns or less. Although it is not a freeze-dried product, as a reference example, (1) Tablettose, (2) potato starch, and (3) dumpling powder were sieved through a mesh with an opening of 850 microns.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a repose angle measuring method.
- the angle of repose was measured as follows. 200 mg of the dried product finally prepared is collected, put into a funnel with an inner diameter of 6 mm at the funnel opening at the tip, and released onto a table with a diameter of 2 cm located 8 cm below the funnel opening and allowed to fall naturally. Let it pile up. At this time, the deposited state does not simply exhibit a conical shape, and the apex may not be positioned at the center. Therefore, when looking at the angle of repose, it is necessary to take the average of the tilt angles between the apex of each cone and the underlying platform to get the average value.
- sample No. 1 to No. 4 (left column) of sample No. 1, which will be described later, were conducted four times. . The same applies to sample No. 2 and below.
- the flow start angle is also listed in the right column. For sample No. 1, the flow start angle was measured every four tests, the average flow start angle was obtained, and the standard deviation of the flow start angle was calculated. Values are also shown in the right column. The same applies to the following sample No. 2 to sample No. 20 (see FIG. 6).
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the measuring device for measuring the flow initiation angle of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a front view of the measurement device showing the measurement state of the flow initiation angle.
- the flow initiation angle is a technique for analyzing the adhesion of the freeze-dried product to the device and the adhesion of the freeze-dried products to each other. It measures the angle at which the freeze-dried product begins to flow.
- an upward flat-bottomed tray 12 is installed horizontally inside a resin cylinder 11 whose axial direction is oriented horizontally.
- the tray 12 has a scale of 180 degrees on a half circumference, and a measuring needle is rotatably attached at the center of the scale so that the needle position is always held vertically upward. Both sides of the tray 12 are fixed to the cylinder 11 by fasteners 13 .
- the tray 12 is made of SUS430 and has a width of 14 cm, a depth of 9 cm, and a depth of 15 mm. 200 mg of the freeze-dried product is filled therein, and the tray is tapped 10 times by hand so that the freeze-dried product does not scatter. to break up the accumulated lyophilisate. After that, the cylinder 11 is tilted (rotated) so that the tilt angle changes by about 6 degrees per second. As a result, the scale position of the measuring needle when the freeze-dried product starts to flow on the tray is read as the flow start angle.
- FIG. 7 shows the case where the flow start angle is around 31.1 degrees.
- the residual properties of the dried matter in the tubular body 31 were measured.
- the cylindrical body 31 shown in FIG. 4 was removed except for the cylindrical part 31B having a length of 30 cm in the longitudinal direction, and the cylindrical part 31B was rotated at a rate of 1 minute per minute centering on the axial direction. While rotating at the speed of rotation, a 10-gram sample was placed 2 cm from the inlet, and the discharge from the outlet of tube 31B was collected for 30 minutes. Then, the residual amount (calculated by input amount-emission amount) was measured.
- the angle of repose and the starting angle of flow were tested three times or four times, respectively, and the average and standard deviation were calculated.
- the average repose angles 1 to 4 of SFD 10% D-mannitol/10% sucrose in No.1 are 36.5 degrees for No.1, 42.8 degrees for No.2, 42.2 degrees for No.3, and 40.5 degrees for No.4.
- the average is 40.5 degrees
- the flow start angle is 39 degrees for No. 1, 31 degrees for No. 2, 44 degrees for No. 3, and 32 degrees for No. 4, and the average is 36.5 degrees.
- Experiment raw data of sample No. 1 to sample No. 20 are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and analysis and evaluation results are shown in FIG. FD described in the sample names of FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 indicates shelf-type freeze-drying, and SFD indicates spray-freeze-drying.
- sample No. 1 to sample No. 17 average repose angle A (°), average flow start angle B (°), repose angle-flow start angle C (°), residue D (g ).
- the transfer characteristic is such that the residue is 3 g or less.
- the prepared dried product was used as an example. Analysis of the physical properties of the freeze-dried product of the example revealed that the angle of repose A was 55 degrees or less and that the relation of angle of repose ⁇ flow initiation angle was established. It was also found that the flow initiation angle was smaller than 44 degrees.
- sample No. 1 SFD 10% D mannitol/10% sucrose has a repose angle of 40.5 degrees, a flow initiation angle of 36.5 degrees, and a repose-flow initiation angle of 4.0 degrees. 0.2 grams gives good transfer.
- sample Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are objects of the present invention, and sample No. 14 corresponds to the repose angle ⁇ 55 degrees. Since it does not, it is used as a comparative example. Except for sample No. 14, sample Nos. 9 to 17 do not fall under the angle of repose ⁇ flow initiation angle. Therefore, these are comparative examples.
- the residual amount of 3 g or less with respect to the input amount of 10 g in the cylindrical part 31B having a length of 30 cm in the transfer direction is 3 m to 6 m for the effective drying cylinder length of the cylindrical body 31 corresponding to 10 cylindrical parts 31B. , respectively, the remaining amount is 30 g to 60 g, which is about 100 g or less in the case of long-term operation, which is acceptable as a production apparatus. If the residual amount is 0.4 g or less under the same conditions, the residual amount is 4 g to 8 g with respect to the effective drying cylinder length of 3 m to 6 m, which is more desirable in terms of yield.
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Abstract
Description
かかる特許によって、従来技術の問題点を克服し、原料液を投入する限り、連続して凍結乾燥物を製造できるので、量的制限を受けず、且つ品質上のバラツキを改善することができるが、凍結物及び凍結乾燥物が凍結乾燥装置の乾燥部内を移送される間に、乾燥部内に該凍結物及び凍結乾燥物が付着してしまうという問題が発生した。即ち、付着した該凍結物及び凍結乾燥物が乾燥部内で緩衝材となり、続いて移送される凍結物及び凍結乾燥物に対する均一な熱伝導が困難となった。
真空凍結乾燥装置1は、凍結部2と乾燥部3と連結部4と捕集部5を備えている。凍結部2は、原料液を真空容器内にノズル21から放出し、放出した原料液が真空中にて凍結して凍結物を生成する。放出又は滴下された原料液は落下する途中において水分が蒸発して蒸発潜熱が奪われることにより自己凍結し、昇華によって微小の凍結粒子である凍結物となり、下方が狭くなっているテーパー形状を有する収集部22に向けて落下し、収集部22によって集められる。連結部4は、凍結部2と乾燥部3とを連結するものであり、凍結部2で生成した凍結物を乾燥部3に移送するためのものである。 乾燥部3は、凍結させた凍結物を昇華及び乾燥させるものである。捕集部5は、乾燥部3の出口から放出される乾燥物を捕集する。真空凍結乾燥装置では原料液をノズルから冷風環境中へ放出して凍結し、凍結物を生成することも可能である。冷風凍結方法を用いる場合では、原料滴下時に側方から冷風を当てることになる。
先ず、サンプルの調製方法について記述する。原料液は、ここでは、原料試薬につき、便宜上医薬品乃至薬剤は混入されていない。原料液の10%Dマンニトールの調製方法の例として、Dマンニトール50gに水を加えて500gとし、攪拌したものである。また、混合溶液である5%Dマンニトール・5%スクロースの調製方法の例として、Dマンニトール25gにスクロース25gを加えて、水を加えて500gとし、攪拌したものである。以下、同様の表記では、原料液に対する賦形剤の重量%を意味する。
前記凍結乾燥物として、水分が10%未満を対象としている。また、前記真空凍結乾燥装置1で生成した凍結乾燥物は粒径が2000ミクロン以下である。
凍結乾燥物ではないが、参考例として、(1)Tablettose、(2)馬鈴薯でん粉、(3)だんご粉を目開き850ミクロンのメッシュで篩過して作製した。
最終的に作製した乾燥物200mgを、採取し、先端の漏斗口の内径が6ミリメートルの漏斗に投入し、漏斗口から8cm下方に位置した直径2cmの台上に放出させて自然落下させて、堆積させてゆく。この際、堆積状態は、単純に円錐形を呈するのでなく、頂点が中央に位置しない場合がある。従って、安息角を見るときには、各円錐の頂点と下方の台面との傾斜角の平均を取り出して平均値を取出す必要がある。即ち、個々の山の頂点を通る十字方向4ヶ所の前記水平面との角度の平均をとった。後述するサンプルNo1のNo.1からNo.4(左欄)は、4回の実験を行ったもので、上欄は、4カ所の安息角の測定値と、その平均を出したものである。以下、同様のことが、サンプルNo2以下にも言える。また、流動開始角についても、同様に右欄に挙げており、サンプルNo1について、4回の試験ごとに流動開始角を測定し、その平均流動開始角を出し、且つ、流動開始角の標準偏差値も右欄に示している。以下のサンプルNo2からサンプルNo20(図6参照)も同様である。
流動開始角は、凍結乾燥物の装置に対する付着性及び凍結乾燥物同士の付着性を分析するための手法であり、ここでは、トレーに凍結乾燥物を載置し、トレーをゆっくりと傾斜させ、凍結乾燥物が流れ始めた時の角度を測定するものである。実験で用いた測定装置10は、軸心方向を水平に向けた樹脂製の円筒11の内部に上向きの平底状トレー12を水平状態に設置し、円筒11の軸方向の一端部に円筒11の半周180度分の目盛りを付し、目盛りの中心位置に指針位置が常に鉛直上向きに保持される測定針を回転自在に取り付けたものである。トレー12の両側で円筒11に対して留め具13で固定してある。トレー12は、横幅が14cmで奥行き9cm、深さ15mmのSUS430製のものが用いられ、ここに、200mgの凍結乾燥物を充填し、手で凍結乾燥物が飛散しないようにトレーを10回タップし、積もった凍結乾燥物を崩した。その後、円筒11を、1秒あたり約6度の傾斜角の変化となるよう傾斜(回転)させる。これにより、凍結乾燥物がトレー上を流れ始めるときの測定針の目盛り位置を読み流動開始角とする。図7は流動開始角が31.1度付近の場合を示している。
図8及び図9において、安息角と流動開始角について、それぞれ試行回数を3回または4回おこない、その平均と標準偏差を計算した。例として、No1のSFD10%Dマンニトール・10%スクロースの安息角1から4の平均は、No1は36.5度、No2は42.8度、No3は42.2度、No4は40.5度であり、その平均は40.5度であり、流動開始角は、No1は39度、No2は31度、No3は44度、No4は32度であり、その平均は36.5である。
サンプルNo1からサンプルNo20の実験生データを図8及び図9に挙げ、解析、評価結果を図10に示す。図8、図9、図10のサンプル名に記載されているFDは棚式凍結乾燥、SFDはスプレー凍結乾燥を示している。図10ではサンプルNo1からサンプルNo17、参考例1―3の安息角の平均A(°)、流動開始角の平均B(°)、安息角―流動開始角C(°)、残留物D(g)を表している。
実施例として示すと、図10から、サンプルNo.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8は、本発明の対象とするもので、サンプルNo14は、安息角≧55度に該当しないので比較例とする。サンプルNo14を除き、サンプルNo9~17は、安息角≧流動開始角に該当しない。よって、これらについては比較例とする。
移送方向長さ30cmの筒部31Bで投入量10gに対して3g以下の残留量は、筒部31Bの10個分に相当する筒状体31の3m~6mの有効乾燥筒長さに対して、それぞれ、30g~60gの残量となるが、これは、長期間稼働した場合におよそ100g以下の残留量となり、生産装置として許容できる。もし、同条件での残留量0.4g以下であれば、3m~6mの有効乾燥筒長さに対して、4g~8gの残量となり、収率面でより望ましい。
2 凍結部
3 乾燥部
4 連結部
5 捕集部
7 回転部
10 流動開始角の測定装置
30a~30j 調温手段
31 筒状体
31a 螺旋状の移送手段
40a~40j 領域
 
Claims (6)
- 凍結乾燥装置において機械的に力を受けて移動しながら乾燥される凍結乾燥物であって、
前記凍結乾燥装置は原料液をスプレーして凍結物を生成する凍結部と、前記凍結物を移動させながら乾燥させる乾燥部とを備え、
前記凍結部は、原料液をノズルから真空中へ、又は、冷風環境中に放出して凍結物を生成し、
前記乾燥部は、水平方向に直線状に延びる筒形状を有し、内壁に長手方向に向かって連続的に形成された螺旋状の壁部又は溝部を設けた真空の筒状体を備え、その周囲を囲むように長手方向において少なくとも3カ所以上に区画され、該区画された筒状体の周辺領域に夫々温度制御されたエアーまたは液が供給されて、前記筒状体の内壁と前記壁部又は溝部とに熱伝導され、前記筒状体が回転することにより該凍結物或いは凍結乾燥物は前記壁部又は溝部との間のスベリにより前記筒状体の長手方向へ移送されると同時に前記筒状体の内壁及び前記壁部又は溝部に接触して熱伝導されて昇華或いは乾燥し、昇華或いは乾燥に伴い蒸発した水分を外部に排出するように構成してあり、
流動開始角が44度より小さいこと、又は、安息角が流動開始角よりも大きく且つ55度より小さいこと、及び、前記筒状体の長手方向長さが30cmであるときに投入量10gに対する残留量が3g以下であることを特徴とする凍結乾燥物。 - 流動開始角が38.0度以下、安息角が流動開始角よりも大きく且つ40.5度以下、及び前記残留量が0.4g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の凍結乾燥物。
- 前記原料液には、賦形剤として糖アルコール及び二糖類の少なくとも一方が含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の凍結乾燥物。
- 前記糖アルコールは、エリスリトール又はマンニトールであり、前記二糖類は、スクロース又はトレハロースである請求項3に記載の凍結乾
- 前記凍結乾燥物が注射剤又は固形剤の医薬品であることを特徴とする請求項1から4に記載の凍結乾燥物。
- 前記注射剤又は医薬品が、COVID-19ワクチン、天然痘ワクチン又はインフルエンザワクチン製剤を含むワクチン製剤、核酸または抗体を含むバイオ医薬、抗ウイルス剤、及び幹細胞の何れかであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の凍結乾燥物。
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- 2022-08-02 KR KR1020237038075A patent/KR20230164181A/ko unknown
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US11940214B1 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
TW202338277A (zh) | 2023-10-01 |
CN117980680A (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
US20240085107A1 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
JP7085088B1 (ja) | 2022-06-16 |
JP2023022634A (ja) | 2023-02-15 |
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