WO2023010973A1 - 一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法 - Google Patents

一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023010973A1
WO2023010973A1 PCT/CN2022/095684 CN2022095684W WO2023010973A1 WO 2023010973 A1 WO2023010973 A1 WO 2023010973A1 CN 2022095684 W CN2022095684 W CN 2022095684W WO 2023010973 A1 WO2023010973 A1 WO 2023010973A1
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lithium
iron phosphate
sulfuric acid
slurry
waste
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PCT/CN2022/095684
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English (en)
French (fr)
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乔延超
陈若葵
阮丁山
谭枫
孙颉
郑显亮
李长东
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广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Priority to MA61236A priority Critical patent/MA61236A1/fr
Priority to DE112022000216.6T priority patent/DE112022000216T5/de
Priority to HU2300208A priority patent/HUP2300208A2/hu
Priority to ES202390059A priority patent/ES2971817A2/es
Priority to MX2023014488A priority patent/MX2023014488A/es
Priority to GB2318427.8A priority patent/GB2621100A/en
Publication of WO2023010973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023010973A1/zh
Priority to US18/212,713 priority patent/US20230332273A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/08Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/42Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the recovery of lithium battery materials, in particular to a method for recovering lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate materials.
  • lithium iron phosphate is currently the most widely used lithium ion battery material. After the second cycle, its battery capacity gradually decreases and is eventually scrapped, resulting in waste lithium iron phosphate battery materials. If a large number of waste lithium iron phosphate battery materials are not effectively recycled, it will cause a large amount of accumulation, pollute the environment and waste precious lithium resources. Therefore, the recovery of metal elements in waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, especially the recovery of lithium elements, has certain environmental significance and high economic value.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for recovering lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate materials.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for reclaiming lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate materials, comprising the following steps:
  • step S1 water is added to the waste lithium iron phosphate material to make a slurry, the pH of the slurry is controlled to be 0.5-2.0, and the oxidation-reduction potential of the slurry is controlled to be 0.05-1.2V, so that an aluminum-containing solution and aluminium-removed solution can be obtained.
  • the oxidation-reduction potential is 0.2-0.5V.
  • the aluminum removal effect under this potential is better.
  • the oxidation-reduction potential is controlled by adding sodium chlorate and/or hydrogen peroxide.
  • the sodium chlorate and/or hydrogen peroxide can be added by continuous feeding.
  • the pH is controlled by adding sulfuric acid solution and/or hydrochloric acid solution.
  • the sulfuric acid solution and/or the hydrochloric acid solution can be added by means of continuous feeding.
  • the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 10%-98%. More preferably, in S2, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 50%-98%. At this concentration, sulfuric acid can react faster and save energy.
  • the sulfuric acid is added in an amount such that the molar amount of hydrogen ions is 1.0 to 1.5 times that of lithium.
  • the heating time is 1-5 hours.
  • the heating temperature is 150-250°C. Reaction at this temperature can be more energy efficient while maintaining better reaction efficiency.
  • the pH is adjusted by adding lithium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention provides a method of the present invention that is easy to industrialize, simple to operate, and low in cost, and the recovery efficiency of lithium can be high through the method of the present invention, and the recovery rate can reach more than 99%, and The lithium carbonate obtained was battery grade.
  • a kind of embodiment of the method for reclaiming lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate material described in the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the amount of sulfuric acid added is to make the molar weight of hydrogen ions be 1.3 times the molar weight of lithium, and heat in the air atmosphere, and the heating temperature is 250 ° C. , the heating time is 2h, and the material B is obtained;
  • the method described in this example can obtain a lithium yield of 99.9%, and the calculation formula of the lithium yield is: the amount of lithium substances in the material C/the amount of lithium substances in the waste lithium iron phosphate material ⁇ 100 %.
  • a kind of embodiment of the method for reclaiming lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate material described in the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the sulfuric acid is added in an amount such that the molar weight of hydrogen ions is 1.0 times the molar weight of lithium, and heated in an air atmosphere, and the heating temperature is 100 ° C. , heating time is 5h, obtains material B;
  • the method described in this embodiment can obtain a lithium yield of 99.0%, and the calculation formula of the lithium yield is: the amount of lithium substances in the material C/the amount of lithium substances in the waste lithium iron phosphate material ⁇ 100 %.
  • a kind of embodiment of the method for reclaiming lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate material described in the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the sulfuric acid is added in an amount such that the molar weight of hydrogen ions is 1.5 times the molar weight of lithium, and heated in an air atmosphere, and the heating temperature is 400 ° C. , heating time is 3h, obtains material B;
  • the method described in this example can obtain a lithium yield of 99.3%, and the calculation formula of the lithium yield is: the amount of lithium substances in the material C/the amount of lithium substances in the waste lithium iron phosphate material ⁇ 100 %.
  • a kind of embodiment of the method for reclaiming lithium from waste lithium iron phosphate material described in the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the amount of sulfuric acid added is to make the molar weight of hydrogen ions be 1.5 times the molar weight of lithium, and heat in an air atmosphere, and the heating temperature is 150°C , the heating time is 1h, and the material B is obtained;
  • the method described in this example can obtain a lithium yield of 99.8%, and the calculation formula of the lithium yield is: the amount of lithium substances in the material C/the amount of lithium substances in the waste lithium iron phosphate material ⁇ 100 %.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法,包括以下步骤:S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,控制浆料的pH=0.5~2.0,控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.05~1.2V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;S2.在所述物料A中加入硫酸,在空气或者氧气的氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为100~400℃,得物料B;S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;S4.控制所述物料C的pH=9~11,过滤取滤液,得物料D;S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,得碳酸锂。本发明所述方法可以使回收的锂为电池级,回收率达到99%以上。

Description

一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及锂电池材料的回收,具体涉及一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法。
背景技术
随着人们对锂的需求不断增加,从废旧锂电池材料中回收锂已成为一个重要的研究课题,而磷酸铁锂是目前使用量最多的一种锂离子电池材料,磷酸铁锂材料经过上千次循环后,其电池容量逐渐下降并最终报废,产生废旧磷酸铁锂电池材料。大量的废旧磷酸铁锂电池材料若不加以有效回收,将造成其大量堆积,污染环境且浪费了珍贵的锂元素资源。因此,回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池中金属元素,尤其是锂元素的回收,具有一定的环境意义和较高的经济价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足之处而提供一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,控制浆料的pH=0.5~2.0,控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.05~1.2V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;
S2.在所述物料A中加入硫酸,在空气或者氧气的氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为100~400℃,得物料B;
S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;
S4.控制所述物料C的pH=9~11,过滤取滤液,得物料D;
S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;
S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,得碳酸锂。
步骤S1中,将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,控制浆料的pH=0.5~2.0,控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.05~1.2V,可获得含铝的溶液和除铝后磷酸铁锂粉料(物料A);步骤S2中,在磷酸铁锂粉料(物料A)中加入硫酸,在空气或者氧气的氛围中加热,加热的温度为100~400℃,得到磷酸铁和硫酸锂(物料B);步骤S3中,在磷酸铁和硫酸锂(物料B)中加 入水,硫酸锂溶解于水中,磷酸铁则不溶,过滤得硫酸锂溶液(物料C);步骤S4中,将硫酸锂溶液(物料C)在pH=9~11下可进一步去除磷酸铁杂质(除去步骤S3中过滤不彻底的磷酸铁中的铁离子),得到净化的硫酸锂溶液(物料D);步骤S5中,使净化的硫酸锂溶液(物料D)通过离子交换树脂,可进行深度去除钙杂质,得到更进一步净化的硫酸锂溶液(物料E);步骤S6中,将更进一步净化的硫酸锂溶液(物料E)加入到碳酸钠溶液中反应后可以得到碳酸锂不溶物。本发明所述方法容易工业化,操作简单,成本低,通过本发明所述方法可以使锂的回收率达到99%以上,回收效率高,且获得的碳酸锂为电池级别。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S1中,所述氧化还原电位为0.2~0.5V。在该电位下的除铝效果更好。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S1中,所述氧化还原电位通过加入氯酸钠和/或双氧水控制。所述氯酸钠和/或双氧水可以通过连续加料的方式加入。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S1中,所述pH通过加入硫酸溶液和/或盐酸溶液控制。所述硫酸溶液和/或盐酸溶液可以通过连续加料的方式加入。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S2中,所述硫酸的质量浓度为10%~98%。更优选地,S2中,所述硫酸的质量浓度为50%~98%。硫酸在该浓度下可以反应速度更快,更节能。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S2中,所述硫酸的加入量为:使氢离子摩尔量是锂的摩尔量的1.0~1.5倍。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S2中,所述加热的时间为1~5h。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S2中,所述加热的温度为150~250℃。在该温度下反应可在保持较好的反应效率的同时更节能。
作为本发明所述方法的优选实施方式,S4中,所述pH通过加入碳酸锂和/或碳酸钠调节。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供了一种本发明所述方法容易工业化,操作简单,成本低,通过本发明所述方法可以使锂的回收效率高,回收率可以达到99%以上,且获得的碳酸锂为电池级别。
具体实施方式
如无特别说明,实施例中所用的材料和试剂均购自市场。为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明所述一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法的一种实施例,本实施例所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,加入硫酸控制浆料的pH=1,加入双氧水控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.2V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;
S2.在所述物料A中加入质量浓度为50%的硫酸,硫酸的加入量为使氢离子摩尔量是锂的摩尔量的1.3倍,在空气氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为250℃,加热时间为2h,得物料B;
S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;
S4.加入碳酸锂控制所述物料C的pH=10,过滤取滤液,得物料D;
S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;
S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,干燥,得碳酸锂。
经计算,本实施例所述方法可获得锂的收率为99.9%,锂的收率的计算公式为:物料C中锂的物质的量/废旧磷酸铁锂材料中锂的物质的量×100%。
实施例2
本发明所述一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法的一种实施例,本实施例所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,加入硫酸控制浆料的pH=0.5,加入双氧水控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.05V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;
S2.在所述物料A中加入质量浓度为10%的硫酸,硫酸的加入量为使氢离子摩尔量是锂的摩尔量的1.0倍,在空气氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为100℃,加热时间为5h,得物料B;
S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;
S4.加入碳酸钠控制所述物料C的pH=11,过滤取滤液,得物料D;
S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;
S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,得碳酸锂。
经计算,本实施例所述方法可获得锂的收率为99.0%,锂的收率的计算公式为:物料C中锂的物质的量/废旧磷酸铁锂材料中锂的物质的量×100%。
实施例3
本发明所述一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法的一种实施例,本实施例所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,加入硫酸控制浆料的pH=2.0,加入双氧水控制浆料的氧化还原电位为1.2V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;
S2.在所述物料A中加入质量浓度为10%的硫酸,硫酸的加入量为使氢离子摩尔量是锂的摩尔量的1.5倍,在空气氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为400℃,加热时间为3h,得物料B;
S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;
S4.加入碳酸锂控制所述物料C的pH=9,过滤取滤液,得物料D;
S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;
S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,得碳酸锂。
经计算,本实施例所述方法可获得锂的收率为99.3%,锂的收率的计算公式为:物料C中锂的物质的量/废旧磷酸铁锂材料中锂的物质的量×100%。
实施例4
本发明所述一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法的一种实施例,本实施例所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,加入硫酸控制浆料的pH=1.0,加入双氧水控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.5V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;
S2.在所述物料A中加入质量浓度为50%的硫酸,硫酸的加入量为使氢离子摩尔量是锂的摩尔量的1.5倍,在空气氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为150℃,加热时间为1h,得物料B;
S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;
S4.加入碳酸锂和碳酸钠控制所述物料C的pH=10,过滤取滤液,得物料D;
S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;
S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,得碳酸锂。
经计算,本实施例所述方法可获得锂的收率为99.8%,锂的收率的计算公式为:物料C中锂的物质的量/废旧磷酸铁锂材料中锂的物质的量×100%。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1.将废旧磷酸铁锂材料中加水制成浆料,控制浆料的pH=0.5~2.0,控制浆料的氧化还原电位为0.05~1.2V,过滤取滤渣,得物料A;
    S2.在所述物料A中加入硫酸,在空气或者氧气的氛围中加热,所述加热的温度为100~400℃,得物料B;
    S3.在所述物料B中加入水,搅拌,过滤取滤液,得物料C;
    S4.控制所述物料C的pH=9~11,过滤取滤液,得物料D;
    S5.使所述物料D通过离子交换树脂,得物料E;
    S6.在所述物料E中加到碳酸钠溶液中,取反应后固体,得碳酸锂。
  2. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述氧化还原电位为0.2~0.5V。
  3. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述氧化还原电位通过加入氯酸钠和/或双氧水控制。
  4. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述pH通过加入硫酸溶液或盐酸溶液控制。
  5. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述硫酸的质量浓度为10%~98%。
  6. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述硫酸的质量浓度为50%~98%。
  7. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述硫酸的加入量为:使氢离子摩尔量是锂的摩尔量的1.0~1.5倍。
  8. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述加热的时间为1~5h。
  9. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述加热的温度为150~250℃。
  10. 如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,S4中,所述pH通过加入碳酸锂和/或碳酸钠调节。
PCT/CN2022/095684 2021-08-03 2022-05-27 一种从废旧磷酸铁锂材料回收锂的方法 WO2023010973A1 (zh)

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