WO2022255012A1 - 接着剤組成物、接着フィルム、接続構造体および接続構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
接着剤組成物、接着フィルム、接続構造体および接続構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022255012A1 WO2022255012A1 PCT/JP2022/019148 JP2022019148W WO2022255012A1 WO 2022255012 A1 WO2022255012 A1 WO 2022255012A1 JP 2022019148 W JP2022019148 W JP 2022019148W WO 2022255012 A1 WO2022255012 A1 WO 2022255012A1
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- adhesive composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J201/00—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/14—Structural association of two or more printed circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/071—Connecting or disconnecting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adhesive composition, an adhesive film, a connection structure, and a method for manufacturing a connection structure.
- Adhesive compositions such as anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste) and anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film) and their film-like materials ( adhesive films) are widely used.
- ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
- ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
- adhesive films film-like materials
- an alicyclic epoxy compound having higher cationic polymerization reactivity than a general-purpose glycidyl ether compound is used as a polymerizable compound in order to achieve low-temperature rapid curing, and oxygen
- a sulfonium salt-based thermal acid generator that generates protons by heat as a polymerization initiator that exhibits dark reactivity without polymerization inhibition by heat
- JP-A-9-176112 JP 2008-308596 A WO2012/018123 JP 2017-152354 A
- Patent Document 4 By using a quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator as shown in Patent Document 4, it is possible to suppress the change over time of the adhesive composition and improve the storage life. When bonding different base materials, the bonding strength is not sufficient, and the adhesive composition may float between or on the wirings, and there is a risk that connection reliability cannot be ensured.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive composition that can be used for bonding where high adhesive strength is required due to different base materials such as FOG mounting for mounting FPC on a glass substrate, and that has excellent storage life. That's what it is.
- the present invention includes the following contents.
- a binder composition containing a cationic polymerizable component and a film-forming component; a cationic polymerization initiator that is a quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator; and a silane coupling agent having two or more mercapto groups in one molecule and having an organic main chain, and the content of the silane coupling agent is 0.3% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less.
- an adhesive composition [2] The adhesive composition according to [1], wherein the cationic polymerizable component is a bifunctional alicyclic epoxy compound.
- the present invention can also be used for bonding that requires high adhesive strength, such as FOG mounting, which mounts FPC to a glass substrate, and maintains high adhesiveness even after being stored at room temperature and in a refrigerated environment. It is possible to provide an adhesive composition capable of
- alicyclic epoxy compound means an epoxy compound having an alicyclic ring in the molecule.
- the oxirane ring may be formed by two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom constituting the alicyclic ring, or may be formed as a glycidyl group apart from the alicyclic ring. .
- the adhesive composition of the present invention comprises a binder composition containing a cationic polymerizable component and a film-forming component, a cationic polymerization initiator which is a quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator, and two or more in one molecule. and a silane coupling agent whose main chain is an organic chain, and the content of the silane coupling agent is 0.3% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention comprises a binder composition containing a cationically polymerizable component and a film-forming component.
- the cationically polymerizable component used in the adhesive composition of the present invention is a compound having a functional group capable of being polymerized by cationic species, and examples thereof include epoxy compounds, vinyl ether compounds, and cyclic ether compounds. Among them, an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule is preferable, and an alicyclic epoxy compound having high reactivity can be preferably used.
- the alicyclic epoxy compounds include bifunctional alicyclic epoxy compounds having two epoxy groups in one molecule, trifunctional alicyclic epoxy compounds having three epoxy groups in one molecule, and epoxy groups in one molecule. and a pentafunctional alicyclic epoxy compound having 5 epoxy groups in one molecule.
- the alicyclic epoxy compound can be appropriately selected from cycloalkene oxide type epoxy compounds and diglycidyl ether compounds of alicyclic alcohols.
- a cycloalkene oxide type epoxy compound is a compound having an epoxycycloalkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the epoxycycloalkyl group is preferably 3-10.
- the epoxycycloalkyl group preferably has 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 carbon atoms.
- Cycloalkene oxide-type epoxy compounds are, for example, directly epoxidized compounds having two or more cycloalkene skeletons, or monofunctional compounds having a polymerizable functional group (e.g., (meth)acrylic group, allyl group, silanol group, etc.). It can be produced by polymerizing the above cycloalkene oxide type epoxy compound to make it bifunctional or higher.
- a polymerizable functional group e.g., (meth)acrylic group, allyl group, silanol group, etc.
- the structure other than the epoxycycloalkyl group is not particularly limited, and may be any structure as long as it does not inhibit reactivity.
- the epoxy equivalent is preferably 500 or less, more preferably 400 or less, still more preferably 350 or less, even more preferably 300 or less, and particularly preferably 250 or less. More preferably, it is preferable to have a structure of 200 or less.
- the lower limit of the epoxy equivalent weight of the cycloalkene oxide type epoxy compound is not particularly limited, it is preferably 70 or more, more preferably 80 or more, even more preferably 90 or more, and even more preferably 95 or more.
- bifunctional cycloalkene oxide type epoxy compounds include 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexene carboxylate and diepoxybicyclohexyl.
- a diglycidyl ether compound of an alicyclic alcohol is a compound having an alicyclic ring and two or more glycidyl groups in one molecule.
- the alicyclic ring may have any structure as long as it does not inhibit reactivity, may be a single ring or a condensed ring, may be contained in one molecule, or may be contained in two or more. good too. From the viewpoint of realizing an adhesive composition exhibiting excellent adhesiveness, it is preferable to have a structure in which the epoxy equivalent is in the same range as described for the cycloalkene oxide type epoxy compound.
- Diglycidyl ether compounds of alicyclic alcohols are produced, for example, by hydrogenating the aromatic rings of aromatic alcohol diglycidyl ethers (for example, bisphenol-type diglycidyl ethers such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) to alicyclicize them, It can be produced by glycidyl-etherifying a group alcohol (for example, hydrogenated bisphenol such as hydrogenated bisphenol A).
- diglycidyl ether compounds of alicyclic alcohols include hexahydrobisphenol A diglycidyl ether.
- the cationic polymerizable component may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the cationic polymerizable component is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, when the non-volatile component in the adhesive composition is 100% by mass. It is preferably 18% by mass or more, and more preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 55% by mass or less or 50% by mass or less.
- the film-forming component is not particularly limited as long as it has film-forming ability.
- the film-forming component may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples include phenoxy resin, epoxy resin (weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more), polyvinyl acetal resin, unsaturated polyester resin, saturated polyester resin, urethane resin, and butadiene resin. , polyimide resins, polyamide resins, and polyolefin resins.
- the film-forming components may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among them, a phenoxy resin can be preferably used from the viewpoint of film formability, workability, and connection reliability.
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the film-forming component is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 15,000 or more, and even more preferably 20,000 or more.
- the upper limit of Mw is not particularly limited, but may be preferably 80,000 or less, more preferably 70,000 or less, and 60,000 or less. It may be appropriately selected according to other formulations and purposes of use.
- the film-forming component contains a phenoxy resin having an Mw of 50000 or less, it is preferable because it is possible to remarkably suppress the occurrence of floating at the connection point of the connection structure even after a reliability test in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. be.
- the polystyrene-equivalent Mw of the film-forming component can be measured by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method and calculated using a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
- the content of the film-forming component in the adhesive composition is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined according to the purpose. % or more, more preferably 20 mass % or more, still more preferably 30 mass % or more, still more preferably 40 mass % or more.
- the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention contains a quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator as a cationic polymerization initiator.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention which uses a quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator as a cationic polymerization initiator, suppresses deterioration of adhesiveness even when stored for a certain period of time under normal temperature and refrigerated conditions. be able to.
- quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation and an acid anion or a borate anion can be preferably used.
- quaternary ammonium cations include cations represented by the formula: NR a R b R c R d+ .
- R a , R b , R c and R d are linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and are each a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, It may have an alkoxy group, an amino group, an ester group, or the like.
- the acid anion may be either an inorganic acid anion or an organic acid anion.
- examples include nonylnaphthalenesulfonate anion, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate anion, p-toluenesulfonate anion, and dodecylbenzenesulfonate anion.
- the borate anions include alkylborate anions and arylborate anions.
- the borate anion may have a halogen atom.
- arylborate anions having a fluorine atom F-; fluoro group
- tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate anions are particularly preferred.
- the quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator King Industries, Inc. Manufacturing CXC-1612, CXC-1733, CXC-1738, TAG-2678, CXC-1614, TAG-2689, TAG-2690, TAG-2700, CXC-1802-60, CXC-1821 and the like. These are available from Kusumoto Kasei Co., Ltd.
- the content of the quaternary ammonium salt-based thermal acid generator in the adhesive composition is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass, when the total of the non-volatile components of the cationic polymerizable components is 100% by mass. % or more, more preferably 5 mass % or more, and even more preferably 7 mass % or more.
- the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and even more preferably 15% by mass or less.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention contains a silane coupling agent having two or more mercapto groups in one molecule and having an organic main chain.
- the silane coupling agent used in the adhesive composition of the present invention is an organic compound having two or more mercapto groups, one or more alkoxysilyl groups, and a mercapto group and an alkoxysilyl group in one molecule as side chains or terminal groups. It is not particularly limited as long as it has a chain.
- a silane coupling agent having two or more mercapto groups can improve the adhesiveness of the FPC to the metal wiring, thus improving the adhesive strength.
- the alkoxysilyl group of the silane coupling agent is preferably a trialkoxysilyl group, more preferably a trimethoxysilyl group.
- a compound represented by the following formula (1) can be exemplified as a preferred embodiment of the silane coupling agent.
- R is selected from a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, or an alkoxylsilyl group represented by the following formula (2), and n is an integer of 1 or more and 100 or less. However, at least one of R is an alkoxysilyl group represented by the following formula (2), and at least two of R are mercapto groups.
- R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- m is an integer of 1 to 3.
- a compound represented by the following formula (3) can be exemplified as a preferred embodiment of the silane coupling agent.
- R is selected from a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, or an alkoxylsilyl group represented by the following formula (4), a is an integer of 4 or more and 10 or less, b, c and d are 0 It is an integer greater than or equal to 10 or less.
- at least one of R is an alkoxysilyl group represented by the following formula (4), and at least two of R are mercapto groups.
- R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- m is an integer of 1 to 3.
- the ratio of the number of mercapto groups to the number of alkoxysilyl groups is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more.
- the ratio of the number of mercapto groups to the number of alkoxysilyl groups is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 7 or less. Since the ratio of the number of mercapto groups to the number of alkoxysilyl groups is 2 or more, the compatibility with the binder composition, which is an organic component, is excellent. can be improved. On the other hand, when the ratio of the number of mercapto groups to the number of alkoxysilyl groups is 10 or less, the adhesive strength to an inorganic component such as a glass substrate can be improved.
- the main chain of the silane coupling agent used in the adhesive composition of the present invention is an organic chain, it has excellent compatibility and adhesion with the binder composition.
- Specific examples of the silane coupling agent used in the adhesive composition of the present invention include X-12-1154 and X-12-1156 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the silane coupling agent used in the adhesive composition of the present invention preferably has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 500 to 3,000. If the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight is less than 500, production may become difficult, and if the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight is greater than 3,000, workability during production may deteriorate.
- the content of the silane coupling agent is 0.3% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less when the non-volatile component in the adhesive composition is 100% by mass. If the content of the silane coupling agent is less than 0.3% by mass or more than 3% by mass, the adhesive strength may be lowered, and peeling from the substrate may occur.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention may contain conductive particles.
- the adhesive composition and its film-like material can be used as a conductive paste, a conductive film, an anisotropic conductive paste, and an anisotropic conductive film.
- conductive particles known conductive particles used in anisotropic conductive films may be used.
- conductive particles include particles of metals such as nickel, iron, copper, aluminum, tin, lead, chromium, cobalt, silver, and gold; particles of alloys of these metals; metal oxides, carbon, graphite, glass, Covered particles obtained by coating the surfaces of particles of ceramics, resins, etc. with metals, and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of resin particle materials include epoxy resins, phenol resins, acrylic resins, acrylonitrile-styrene (AS) resins, benzoguanamine resins, and divinylbenzene resins.
- the surface of the above particles is further coated with an insulating thin film, or the surface of the particles is covered with an insulating film. It may also be subjected to an insulating treatment such as one adhered to the surface.
- These conductive particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average particle size of the conductive particles is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined according to the purpose, but is preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average particle size is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the content of the conductive particles in the adhesive composition is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined according to the purpose, but is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more. , more preferably 3% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and even more preferably 20% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining desired anisotropic conductivity.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention may further contain other components as necessary.
- Such components include, for example, organic fillers (e.g., butadiene-based rubber particles, acrylic-based rubber particles, silicone-based rubber particles), insulating inorganic fillers (e.g., silica fillers) and other fillers that do not inhibit electrical conduction, and surface-modifying fillers.
- organic fillers e.g., butadiene-based rubber particles, acrylic-based rubber particles, silicone-based rubber particles
- insulating inorganic fillers e.g., silica fillers
- the adhesive composition of the present invention has high adhesive strength, and can suppress deterioration of adhesiveness even when stored for a certain period of time in a room temperature/refrigerated environment. Therefore, the adhesive composition of the present invention can also be suitably used for bonding where high adhesive strength is required due to differences in base materials, such as FOG mounting, in which FPC is mounted on a glass substrate. Moreover, when it contains conductive particles, it can be used as a conductive paste or an anisotropic conductive paste.
- the adhesive composition of the present invention has good film-forming properties and can be suitably used as a film-like product (adhesive film).
- the present invention also includes an adhesive film comprising the adhesive composition of the present invention.
- the adhesive film of the present invention may consist of a single layer or multiple layers.
- the adhesive film comprises a first adhesive layer made of the adhesive composition of the present invention and a second adhesive layer made of the adhesive composition of the present invention provided on the first adhesive layer. at least an agent layer. At least one of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer preferably contains conductive particles.
- the adhesive layer of the present invention may be provided with a layer different from that of the present invention. The layer may be sandwiched between the adhesive layers of the present invention on the front and rear of the layer. At this time, the conductive particles may be contained in at least one of the adhesive layers of the present invention, or may be contained in different layers.
- This different layer may be a layer made of an adhesive composition different from that of the present invention, or may be a resin layer that is not an adhesive layer (that does not contribute to adhesion).
- the layer, which differs from the invention is preferably insulating.
- the adhesive film can be produced, for example, by mixing the adhesive composition of the present invention with an organic solvent, if necessary, applying it on a release substrate, and drying it to form an adhesive layer.
- Application of the adhesive composition may be carried out using a coating device such as a bar coater.
- a known adhesive film coating method such as a doctor blade method can be used.
- the coating and drying steps may be repeated multiple times. Alternatively, they may be manufactured individually and laminated by lamination or the like.
- the release base material is not particularly limited as long as it is a film-like material that can support the adhesive film and can be released from the adhesive film at the desired timing.
- materials for the release substrate include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP), and plastic materials such as poly-4-methylpentene-1 (PMP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PP polyolefins
- PMP poly-4-methylpentene-1
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the release base material may also be a base material having a release layer on the surface to be bonded to the adhesive film, and the release layer may contain a release agent such as silicone resin or polyolefin resin, for example.
- the thickness of the release base material is not particularly limited, it is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the release base material is not particularly limited, it is preferably 8 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of handleability during production of the adhesive film and slitting.
- the thickness of the adhesive film of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined according to the purpose, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, it is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 40 ⁇ m or less. If it is laminated with multiple layers, it is the total thickness.
- the adhesive film may be slit to have the desired width.
- a cover film may be provided on the exposed surface in order to prevent the adhesive layer from being contaminated by cutting debris or the like during slitting.
- the thickness in this case may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- As the cover film a known film used for slitting adhesive films may be used.
- the cover film may be provided separately from the release base material in order to prevent contamination during use as a product to be used for connecting, in addition to the manufacturing process such as the slit.
- the cover film preferably has releasability, and its thickness is preferably the same as or thinner than the release substrate.
- the adhesive film of the present invention has high adhesive strength, and can suppress deterioration of adhesiveness even when stored for a certain period of time in a room temperature/refrigerated environment. Therefore, the adhesive composition of the present invention can also be suitably used for bonding where high adhesive strength is required due to differences in base materials, such as FOG mounting, in which FPC is mounted on a glass substrate. Moreover, when it contains conductive particles, it can be used as a conductive paste or an anisotropic conductive paste.
- connection structure Using the adhesive composition or adhesive film of the present invention, a connection structure in which electronic components are bonded together can be produced.
- the present invention includes a connected structure in which a first electronic component and a second electronic component are connected by the adhesive composition of the present invention or the adhesive film of the present invention.
- the first electronic component may be, for example, a general PWB such as a rigid substrate, glass substrate, ceramic substrate, plastic substrate, FPC, etc.
- the second electronic component may be an FPC, IC chip
- Examples include semiconductor elements other than IC chips.
- the connection structure There are no particular restrictions on the electronic components, and there are no particular restrictions on the use of the connection structure. For example, it may be used for a mobile information terminal, or may be used for electrical mounting on a vehicle.
- various connection structures such as FOB, FOG, FOP, FOF, COG, and COP can be manufactured. In particular, it can be preferably applied to FOG and FOP.
- the method for manufacturing the bonded structure of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can manufacture a bonded structure in which the first electronic component and the second electronic component are connected by the adhesive composition or the adhesive film of the present invention. .
- An example of the method for manufacturing the connection structure of the present invention is shown below.
- the method for manufacturing a bonded structure of the present invention includes the step of pressure bonding a first electronic component and a second electronic component with the adhesive composition or adhesive film of the present invention interposed therebetween. .
- the first electronic component is placed on the stage, the adhesive composition or adhesive film of the present invention is provided thereon, and then the second electronic component is placed.
- the adhesive composition or adhesive film of the present invention is provided on the first electronic component placed on the stage, the electrodes of the first electronic component and the electrodes of the second electronic component are arranged to face each other.
- temporary crimping is performed from the side of the second electronic component using a crimping tool.
- the temperature, pressure and time during temporary compression may be appropriately determined according to the specific design, and may be, for example, 60 to 80° C., 0.5 to 2 MPa, and 0.5 to 2 seconds.
- the electronic components can be aligned and connected more accurately by performing such temporary pressure bonding prior to performing the main pressure bonding described later.
- By performing the temporary pressure bonding it is expected that the positional displacement at the time of the final pressure bonding in which a higher pressure is applied is suppressed.
- the main crimping is performed from the second electronic component side with a crimping tool.
- the temperature, pressure, and time during the final pressure bonding may be any known conditions used when bonding electronic components using an adhesive film, and may be appropriately determined according to a specific design. For example, even with low temperature (e.g., 200° C. or less, 180° C. or less, 160° C. or less) and short time (e.g., 10 seconds or less, 8 seconds or less, 6 seconds or less), the first electronic component and the second 2 electronic components can be adhered well.
- a cushioning material (for example, a cushioning sheet) may be provided between the second electronic component and the crimping tool regardless of whether it is temporary crimping or final crimping.
- the cushioning material may be appropriately adjusted and determined depending on the combination of electronic components, including whether or not it is used.
- the adhesive composition or adhesive film of the present invention can suppress deterioration of adhesiveness even when stored for a certain period of time in a room temperature/refrigerated environment. For example, when the bonding is performed under the bonding conditions of 160° C., 3 MPa, and 5 seconds, the connection structure between the FPC and the glass substrate manufactured using the adhesive composition or the adhesive film of the present invention does not adhere immediately after manufacturing. Regardless of whether the adhesive composition (adhesive film) is used or the adhesive composition (adhesive film) stored for a certain period of time in a room temperature/refrigerated environment is used, it exhibits an adhesive strength of 10 N/cm or more in a 90 degree peel test. can be done.
- phenoxy resin trade name: FX293, Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.
- bifunctional alicyclic epoxy compound trade name: Celoxide 2021P, manufactured by Daicel Corporation, compound represented by the following formula (5)
- a PET film (thickness: 50 ⁇ m) was prepared as a release substrate.
- the adhesive composition was evenly applied onto this release base material so that the thickness of the adhesive film (adhesive layer) after drying was 18 ⁇ m. After that, it was dried in an oven at 70° C. for 5 minutes to form an adhesive layer on the release substrate.
- a cover film was then laminated at 45° C. to the exposed surface of the adhesive layer.
- Examples 2 and 3 Comparative Examples 1 and 2
- An adhesive composition was prepared and an adhesive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amounts of the silane coupling agent and the like were changed as shown in Table 1.
- a silane coupling agent having one epoxy group in one molecule (trade name: A187, manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd.), one having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule (trade name: X- 12-981S, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), those having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule (trade name: X-12-1159L, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), amino groups in one molecule 2 or more (trade name: X-12-972F, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the blending amount of each component was changed as shown in Table 1.
- An adhesive composition was prepared and an adhesive film was produced.
- Example 4 Comparative Examples 7 to 10
- a tetrafunctional thiol compound (trade name: Karenz MT PE1, manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd.) was blended, and the type of silane coupling agent and the amount of each component were changed as shown in Table 1, except that Example 1 was used.
- an adhesive composition was prepared and an adhesive film was produced.
- test/evaluation method will be explained below.
- connection structure After slitting the adhesive films produced in Examples and Comparative Examples to a width of 1.0 mm, the cover film was peeled off. Then, the adhesive film was applied to the edge of the glass substrate so that the exposed surface of the adhesive layer was bonded to the AlMoIZO glass substrate (thickness 0.7 mm), and a uniform force was applied on a hot plate at 45°C. After that, the release base material was peeled off, and the gold wiring portion of the flexible printed circuit board (FPC; thickness 50 ⁇ m) was connected and pasted so that the exposed surface of the adhesive layer was completely covered.
- FPC flexible printed circuit board
- the FPC and the glass substrate were thermo-compressed with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and all of the facing conduction portions of the FPC and the glass substrate were adhered by the cured adhesive layer to obtain a connected structure.
- the thermocompression bonding conditions were 160° C., 3 MPa, and 5 seconds.
- the metal thin film on the AlMoIZO glass substrate was observed using a differential interference microscope immediately after bonding and after being held in a pressure cooker (110°C, 85% RH) for 32 hours.
- the evaluation was made on a three-point scale: strongly observed microscopic irregularities and strong crimping ( ⁇ ), weak irregularities and weak crimping ( ⁇ ), and insufficient bonding with no irregularities (x).
- connection structure After slitting the adhesive films produced in Examples and Comparative Examples to a width of 1.0 mm, the cover film was peeled off. Next, the adhesive film was attached to the edge of the glass substrate so that the exposed surface of the adhesive layer was bonded to the SiN glass substrate or the ITO glass substrate (thickness: 0.7 mm each), and the adhesive film was uniformly applied on a hot plate at 45°C. was added. After that, the release base material was peeled off, and the gold wiring portion of the flexible printed circuit board (FPC; thickness 50 ⁇ m) was connected and pasted so that the exposed surface of the adhesive layer was completely covered.
- FPC flexible printed circuit board
- the FPC and the glass substrate were thermo-compressed with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and all of the facing conduction portions of the FPC and the glass substrate were adhered by the cured adhesive layer to obtain a connected structure.
- the thermocompression bonding conditions were 160° C., 3 MPa, and 5 seconds.
- the bonding strength was measured by a 90-degree peeling test for the connection structure for which the crimped state was evaluated. Specifically, the FPC and the cured product were cut to a length of 1.0 cm, the FPC with a length of 1.0 cm was gripped with a gripper, and the FPC was cut vertically at a speed of 50 mm / min at room temperature (25 ° C.). The load (N/cm) when peeled off from the glass substrate was measured. For the measurement, a Tensilon tester (manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.: STA-1150) was used. In addition, the bonding strength was similarly evaluated for the connection structure stored at 55° C. for 12 hours.
- Table 1 shows the components and evaluation results of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- a silane coupling agent having an organic main chain and two or more reactive groups other than a mercapto group, such as an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and an amino group, in one molecule. was used, it was confirmed that the adhesive strength was not sufficient, problems of crimped state and floating occurred, and the conduction resistance increased.
- the adhesive composition containing a tetrafunctional thiol compound (Comparative Examples 7 to 10, Example 4) to confirm the influence of the mercapto group
- the adhesive composition containing no tetrafunctional thiol compound (Comparative Example 3 ⁇ 6, Example 2) and no significant difference in adhesive strength, crimped state, etc., and it is confirmed that a silane coupling agent having two or more mercapto groups in one molecule is useful for improving adhesive strength. confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
[1] カチオン重合性成分と成膜用成分を含有するバインダ組成物と、
第4級アンモニウム塩系熱酸発生剤であるカチオン重合開始剤と、
1分子中に2以上のメルカプト基を有し、主鎖が有機鎖であるシランカップリング剤と、を含み、前記シランカップリング剤の含有量が0.3質量%以上3質量%以下である、接着剤組成物。
[2] 前記カチオン重合性成分は2官能脂環式エポキシ化合物である、請求項1に記載の接着剤組成物。
[3] 前記シランカップリング剤の分子量は、500以上である請求項1または2に記載の接着剤組成物。
[4] 前記シランカップリング剤は、1分子中に1つ以上のアルコキシシリル基と、2つ以上のメルカプト基を有する請求項1または2に記載の接着剤組成物。
[5] 前記シランカップリング剤は、アルコキシシリル基の基数に対するメルカプト基の基数の割合が2以上である、請求項4に記載の接着剤組成物。
[6] 請求項1に記載の接着剤組成物と、導電性粒子と、を含む接着フィルム。
[7] 第1の電子部品と第2の電子部品とが請求項6に記載の接着フィルムにより接続されている接続構造体。
[8] 第1の電子部品と第2の電子部品とを、請求項6に記載の接着フィルムを介在させて、圧着する工程を含む、接続構造体の製造方法。
本発明の接着剤組成物は、カチオン重合性成分と成膜用成分を含有するバインダ組成物と、第4級アンモニウム塩系熱酸発生剤であるカチオン重合開始剤と、1分子中に2以上のメルカプト基を有し、主鎖が有機鎖であるシランカップリング剤と、を含み、前記シランカップリング剤の含有量が0.3質量%以上3質量%以下であることを特徴とする。
以下、各構成について詳細に説明する。
本発明の接着剤組成物は、カチオン重合性成分と成膜用成分を含有するバインダ組成物を含む。
本発明の接着剤組成物で使用するカチオン重合性成分は、カチオン種により重合する官能基を有する化合物であり、エポキシ化合物、ビニルエーテル化合物、環状エーテル化合物、などが例示される。中でも、1分子中にエポキシ基を2個以上有するエポキシ化合物が好ましく、高い反応性を有する脂環式エポキシ化合物を好適に使用することができる。
成膜用成分は、膜形成能を有する限り特に限定されない。成膜用成分は、目的に応じて適宜選択すればよく、例えば、フェノキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂(重量平均分子量が10000以上)、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ブタジエン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂が挙げられる。成膜用成分は1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてよい。
中でも、成膜性、加工性、接続信頼性の観点から、フェノキシ樹脂を好適に用いることができる。
本発明の接着剤組成物は、カチオン重合開始剤として、第4級アンモニウム塩系熱酸発生剤を含む。
カチオン重合開始剤として第4級アンモニウム塩系熱酸発生剤を用いた本発明の接着剤組成物は、常温・冷蔵環境下で一定期間保管した場合であっても、接着性の低下を抑制することができる。
第4級アンモニウムカチオンとしては、式:NRaRbRcRd+で表されるカチオンを挙げることができる。式中、Ra、Rb、Rc及びRdは、直鎖、分岐鎖若しくは環状の炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、それぞれ水酸基、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基、アミノ基、エステル基等を有していてもよい。
本発明の接着剤組成物は、1分子中に2以上のメルカプト基を有し、主鎖が有機鎖であるシランカップリング剤を含む。
シランカップリング剤のアルコキシシリル基は、トリアルコキシシリル基であることが好ましく、トリメトキシシリル基がさらに好ましい。
本発明の接着剤組成物で使用するシランカップリング剤の具体例としては、信越化学工業(株)製造のX-12-1154、X-12-1156等が挙げられる。
本発明の接着剤組成物は、導電性粒子を含んでいてもよい。導電性粒子を含むことにより、接着剤組成物及びそのフィルム状物は、導電性ペースト及び導電性フィルム、異方性導電ペースト及び異方性導電フィルムとして用いることができる。
本発明の接着剤組成物は、成膜性が良好であり、好適にフィルム状物(接着フィルム)とし得る。本発明は、本発明の接着剤組成物からなる接着フィルムも包含するものである。
本発明の接着剤組成物又は接着フィルムを用いて、電子部品同士を接着した接続構造体を製造することができる。本発明は、第1の電子部品と第2の電子部品とが本発明の接着剤組成物又は本発明の接着フィルムにより接続されている接続構造体を包含する。
本発明の接続構造体の製造方法は、本発明の接着剤組成物又は接着フィルムにより第1の電子部品と第2の電子部品とが接続されている接続構造体を製造し得る限り特に限定されない。以下、本発明の接続構造体を製造する方法について一例を示す。
-接着剤組成物の調製-
ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(商品名:エピコート4007P、三菱ケミカル(株)製、Mw=20,000~30,000)26.4部、フェノキシ樹脂(商品名:FX293、日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル(株)製、Mw=40,000~50,000)26.4部、2官能脂環式エポキシ化合物(商品名:セロキサイド2021P、(株)ダイセル製、下記式(5)で表される化合物)18.9部、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(商品名:YL980、三菱ケミカル(株)製、Mw=300~2,200)7.6部、シランカップリング剤(商品名:X-12-1154、信越化学工業(株)製)0.8部、第4級アンモニウム塩系熱酸発生剤(商品名:CXC-1821、King Industries,Inc.製)2.3部、導電性粒子(商品名:ミクロパール、積水化学工業(株)製、平均粒径4μmのNi樹脂粒子)5.0部、ブタジエン系ゴム(商品名:RKB-5515B、レジナス化成(株)製)12.6部を、溶媒としてPMAを全体の固形分が43.4%になるよう加え、均一に混合して、接着剤組成物を得た。
剥離基材として、PETフィルム(厚さ50μm)を用意した。この剥離基材上に、乾燥後の接着フィルム(接着剤層)の厚さが18μmとなるように、接着剤組成物を均一に塗布した。その後、70℃のオーブン中で5分間乾燥させて、剥離基材上に接着剤層を形成した。次いで、接着剤層の露出面に、カバーフィルムを45℃でラミネート処理した。
シランカップリング剤等の配合量を表1に示すとおり変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接着剤組成物を調製し、接着フィルムを作製した。
シランカップリング剤を、1分子中にエポキシ基を1つ有するもの(商品名:A187、東レ・ダウコーニング(株)製)、1分子中にエポキシ基を2以上有するもの(商品名:X-12-981S、信越化学工業(株)製)、1分子中にイソシアネート基を2以上有するもの(商品名:X-12-1159L、信越化学工業(株)製)、1分子中にアミノ基を2以上有するもの(商品名:X-12-972F、信越化学工業(株)製)に変更し、各成分の配合量を表1に示す通り変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接着剤組成物を調製し、接着フィルムを作製した。
4官能チオール化合物(商品名:カレンズMT PE1、昭和電工(株)製)を配合し、シランカップリング剤の種類、各成分の配合量を表1に示すとおり変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、接着剤組成物を調製し、接着フィルムを作製した。
-接続構造体の作製-
実施例及び比較例で作製した接着フィルムを幅1.0mmにスリット加工した後、カバーフィルムを剥離した。次いで、接着剤層の露出面がAlMoIZOガラス基板(厚さ0.7mm)と接合するように、接着フィルムをガラス基板のエッジに貼り、45℃のホットプレート上で均一に力を加えた。その後、剥離基材を剥離し、接着剤層の露出面が完全に覆われるようにフレキシブルプリント基板(FPC;厚さ50μm)の金配線部分を接続し貼り合わせた。接着剤層を介在させてFPCとガラス基板とを熱圧着し、FPCとガラス基板の対向した導通部を全て接着剤層の硬化物により接着することで接続された接続構造体を得た。熱圧着の条件は、160℃、3MPa、5秒間であった。
-接続構造体の作製-
実施例及び比較例で作製した接着フィルムを幅1.0mmにスリット加工した後、カバーフィルムを剥離した。次いで、接着剤層の露出面がSiNガラス基板またはITOガラス基板(厚さ各0.7mm)と接合するように、接着フィルムをガラス基板のエッジに貼り、45℃のホットプレート上で均一に力を加えた。その後、剥離基材を剥離し、接着剤層の露出面が完全に覆われるようにフレキシブルプリント基板(FPC;厚さ50μm)の金配線部分を接続し貼り合わせた。接着剤層を介在させてFPCとガラス基板とを熱圧着し、FPCとガラス基板の対向した導通部を全て接着剤層の硬化物により接着することで接続された接続構造体を得た。熱圧着の条件は、160℃、3MPa、5秒間であった。
接着剤層の浮きを評価したITOガラス基板とFPCとの接続構造体について、接着直後と、プレッシャークッカー装置(110℃、85%RH)内に32時間保持した後に、導通抵抗を測定した。
圧着状態を評価した接続構造体について、90度剥離試験により接着強度を測定した。詳細には、FPCおよび硬化物を長さ1.0cmになるよう切り込み、その長さ1.0cmのFPCをつかみ具で掴み、室温(25℃)下、50mm/分の速度で垂直方向にFPCがガラス基板から剥離するまで引き剥がした時の荷重(N/cm)を測定した。なお、測定には、テンシロン試験機(株式会社オリエンテック製:STA-1150)を使用した。また、55℃、12時間保管した接続構造体についても、同様に接着強度について評価した。
Claims (8)
- カチオン重合性成分と成膜用成分を含有するバインダ組成物と、
第4級アンモニウム塩系熱酸発生剤であるカチオン重合開始剤と、
1分子中に2以上のメルカプト基を有し、主鎖が有機鎖であるシランカップリング剤と、を含み、前記シランカップリング剤の含有量が0.3質量%以上3質量%以下である、接着剤組成物。 - 前記カチオン重合性成分は2官能脂環式エポキシ化合物である、請求項1に記載の接着剤組成物。
- 前記シランカップリング剤の分子量は、500以上である請求項1または2に記載の接着剤組成物。
- 前記シランカップリング剤は、1分子中に1つ以上のアルコキシシリル基と、2つ以上のメルカプト基を有する請求項1または2に記載の接着剤組成物。
- 前記シランカップリング剤は、アルコキシシリル基の基数に対しメルカプト基の基数の割合が2以上である、請求項4に記載の接着剤組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の接着剤組成物と、導電性粒子と、を含む接着フィルム。
- 第1の電子部品と第2の電子部品とが請求項6に記載の接着フィルムにより接続されている接続構造体。
- 第1の電子部品と第2の電子部品とを、請求項6に記載の接着フィルムを介在させて、圧着する工程を含む、接続構造体の製造方法。
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| JP3937466B2 (ja) | 1995-12-28 | 2007-06-27 | 東洋インキ製造株式会社 | 感エネルギー線酸発生剤、感エネルギー線酸発生剤組成物および硬化性組成物 |
| JP2007317563A (ja) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-12-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 回路接続用接着剤 |
| JP5190665B2 (ja) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-04-24 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | エポキシ系樹脂組成物 |
| CN103081236B (zh) | 2010-08-06 | 2016-03-09 | 旭化成电子材料株式会社 | 各向异性导电性粘接膜及固化剂 |
| JP6114649B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-04-12 | リンテック株式会社 | 粘着性組成物、粘着剤および粘着シート |
| CN112646525A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 烟台德邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种高粘接低模量环氧胶粘剂及其制备方法 |
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2021
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Patent Citations (7)
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| WO2017094584A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社スリーボンド | カチオン硬化性樹脂組成物 |
| JP2017152354A (ja) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-31 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 異方性導電フィルム |
| JP2017163131A (ja) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 積層体およびその製造方法、並びに接着層付樹脂フィルム |
| JP2020041045A (ja) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 接着剤組成物 |
| JP2020200388A (ja) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-17 | リンテック株式会社 | 粘着シートおよび積層体 |
| JP2021095463A (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-24 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 接着剤組成物、接着フィルム及び接続構造体 |
| JP6832462B1 (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-02-24 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 接着剤組成物、積層体、積層体の製造方法、及び電子部品の製造方法 |
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| JP2022185716A (ja) | 2022-12-15 |
| KR20230153475A (ko) | 2023-11-06 |
| JP7764146B2 (ja) | 2025-11-05 |
| CN117355591A (zh) | 2024-01-05 |
| KR102935934B1 (ko) | 2026-03-06 |
| KR20260017493A (ko) | 2026-02-05 |
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