WO2022254985A1 - 被覆活物質、正極材料、正極および電池 - Google Patents
被覆活物質、正極材料、正極および電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022254985A1 WO2022254985A1 PCT/JP2022/018140 JP2022018140W WO2022254985A1 WO 2022254985 A1 WO2022254985 A1 WO 2022254985A1 JP 2022018140 W JP2022018140 W JP 2022018140W WO 2022254985 A1 WO2022254985 A1 WO 2022254985A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- solid electrolyte
- positive electrode
- coating layer
- coated active
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 30
- -1 transition metal sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006020 NiCoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Li+].CC[O-] AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(v) ethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Nb](OCC)(OCC)(OCC)OCC ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)C(F)=C(F)F NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chlorotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical class CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018111 Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018127 Li 2 S-GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008373 Li-Si-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013375 LiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013392 LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013406 LiN(SO2CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008291 Li—B—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006757 Li—Si—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007052 Li—Ti—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004066 NOB-MINI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006025 NiCoMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007746 Zr—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- IRVXMVSXMSXNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethoxyethene Chemical compound FCOC=C IRVXMVSXMSXNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940070721 polyacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102220043159 rs587780996 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021561 transition metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/008—Halides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to coated active materials, positive electrode materials, positive electrodes and batteries.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of manufacturing a composite active material by coating a positive electrode active material with an oxide solid electrolyte and further coating it with a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- This disclosure is a positive electrode active material; a coating layer that covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material; A coated active material comprising The coating layer includes a first coating layer containing a first solid electrolyte and a second coating layer containing a base material, The first coating layer is located outside the second coating layer, the first solid electrolyte contains Li, M, and X; M is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I; The ratio of the specific surface area of the coated active material to the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material coated with the second coating layer is 42% or less, A coated active material is provided.
- the safety of batteries can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a positive electrode material in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a positive electrode material in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery according to Embodiment 3.
- Batteries with solid electrolytes are recognized as safe, but this is not always the case.
- oxygen may be generated from the positive electrode active material.
- the generated oxygen oxidizes the solid electrolyte and raises the temperature of the battery.
- the container of the battery is deteriorated and damaged, or that the battery malfunctions. Therefore, it is expected that the safety of batteries using solid electrolytes will be further improved.
- the coated active material according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is a positive electrode active material; a coating layer that covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material; A coated active material comprising The coating layer includes a first coating layer containing a first solid electrolyte and a second coating layer containing a base material, The first coating layer is located outside the second coating layer, the first solid electrolyte contains Li, M, and X; M is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I; A ratio of the specific surface area of the coated active material to the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material coated with the second coating layer is 42% or less.
- the safety of the battery can be improved.
- the ratio may be 40% or less. Such a configuration can further improve the safety of the battery.
- the ratio may be 32% or more. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the safety of the battery while avoiding an excessive thickness of the coating layer.
- M may contain yttrium.
- the halide solid electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity.
- the first solid electrolyte may be represented by the following compositional formula (1), ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ may each independently be a value greater than zero.
- the halide solid electrolyte represented by the compositional formula (1) is used in a battery, the output characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the underlying material may contain a lithium-containing oxide.
- the lithium-containing oxide as the base material, the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the base material may contain an oxide solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity.
- an oxide solid electrolyte By using an oxide solid electrolyte as the base material, the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the base material may contain lithium niobate. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.
- the positive electrode material according to the ninth aspect of the present disclosure is the coated active material of any one of the first to eighth aspects; a second solid electrolyte; It has
- the safety of the battery can be improved.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain Li and S.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and can improve the charge-discharge efficiency of a battery.
- sulfide solid electrolytes may be inferior in oxidation resistance.
- a positive electrode according to the eleventh aspect of the present disclosure comprises the positive electrode material of the ninth or tenth aspect. With such a configuration, the safety of the battery can be improved.
- a battery according to the twelfth aspect of the present disclosure includes the positive electrode of the eleventh aspect. According to the present disclosure, battery safety can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a coated active material according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. Coating active material 110 includes positive electrode active material 101 and coating layer 104 .
- the shape of the coated active material 110 is, for example, particulate.
- the coating layer 104 covers at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 101 .
- the coating layer 104 may cover only part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 101 , or may cover the surface of the positive electrode active material 101 uniformly.
- the covering layer 104 has a first covering layer 102 and a second covering layer 103 .
- the first coating layer 102 is a layer containing a first solid electrolyte.
- the second coating layer 104 is a layer containing a base material.
- the first coating layer 102 is positioned outside the second coating layer 103 .
- the first solid electrolyte contains Li, M, and X.
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements.
- X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I;
- a ratio S/S 0 of the specific surface area S of the coated active material 110 to the specific surface area S 0 of the positive electrode active material 101 coated with the second coating layer 103 is 42% or less.
- “Semimetallic elements” include B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.
- Metallic element means all elements contained in Groups 1 to 12 of the periodic table, except hydrogen, and B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, C, N, P, O, S, and Se. Including all elements contained in Groups 13 to 16, except That is, the metal element is a group of elements that can become cations when forming an inorganic compound with a halogen compound.
- the first solid electrolyte is a halogen-containing solid electrolyte, a so-called halide solid electrolyte.
- Halide solid electrolytes have excellent oxidation resistance. Therefore, by coating the positive electrode active material 101 with the first solid electrolyte, oxidation of other materials such as the solid electrolyte contained in the positive electrode can be suppressed. Thereby, heat generation of the battery using the coated active material 110 is suppressed, and the safety of the battery using the coated active material 110 can be improved.
- a high ratio S/S 0 means that the positive electrode active material 101 is insufficiently covered with the first solid electrolyte. Therefore, if the ratio S/S 0 is too high, the above effect may not be obtained sufficiently. According to embodiments described later, the ratio S/S 0 may be 42% or less. The ratio S/S 0 is desirably 40% or less.
- the lower limit of the ratio S/S 0 is the specific surface area S 0 of the positive electrode active material 101 covered with the second coating layer 103, the average particle size of the positive electrode active material 101, and the true value corresponding to the average particle size. It can be determined from the specific surface area of the spherical particles. In the present disclosure, the lower limit of the ratio S/S 0 may be 32%.
- the specific surface area of the coated active material 110 means the specific surface area of the particle group of the coated active material 110.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material 101 coated with the second coating layer 103 means the specific surface area of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 101 coated with the second coating layer 103 .
- a specific surface area can be measured by the following method. First, an adsorption isotherm is measured using a gas adsorption measuring device. The specific surface area (unit: m 2 /g) is calculated from the adsorption isotherm by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis.
- BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material 101 coated with the second coating layer 103 can be measured by selectively removing the first coating layer 102 from the specific surface area of the coated active material 110 using an inorganic or organic solvent.
- the first coating layer 102 is selectively removed by washing the coating active material 110 with a solvent such as water or ethanol. can be removed.
- the positive electrode active material 101 includes a material that has the property of intercalating and deintercalating metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
- metal ions for example, lithium ions.
- As the positive electrode active material 101 lithium-containing transition metal oxides, transition metal fluorides, polyanion materials, fluorinated polyanion materials, transition metal sulfides, transition metal oxysulfides, transition metal oxynitrides, and the like can be used.
- a lithium-containing transition metal oxide when a lithium-containing transition metal oxide is used as the positive electrode active material 101, the manufacturing cost of the battery can be reduced and the average discharge voltage can be increased.
- Lithium-containing transition metal oxides include Li(NiCoAl)O 2 , Li(NiCoMn)O 2 and LiCoO 2 .
- the positive electrode active material 101 has, for example, a particle shape.
- the shape of the particles of the positive electrode active material 101 is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the particles of the positive electrode active material 101 can be spherical, oval, scaly, or fibrous.
- the first coating layer 102 contains a first solid electrolyte.
- the first solid electrolyte has ionic conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity is typically lithium ion conductivity.
- the first coating layer 102 may contain the first solid electrolyte as a main component, or may contain only the first solid electrolyte.
- a “main component” means the component contained most in mass ratio.
- Constaining only the first solid electrolyte means that materials other than the first solid electrolyte are not intentionally added except for unavoidable impurities. For example, raw materials of the first solid electrolyte, by-products generated when manufacturing the first solid electrolyte, and the like are included in the unavoidable impurities.
- the mass ratio of the inevitable impurities to the entire mass of the first coating layer 102 may be 5% or less, 3% or less, 1% or less, or 0.5% or less. may be
- the first solid electrolyte is a material containing Li, M, and X. M and X are as described above. Such materials have good ionic conductivity and oxidation resistance. Therefore, the coated active material 110 having the first coating layer 102 containing the first solid electrolyte improves the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery and the thermal stability of the battery.
- a halide solid electrolyte as the first solid electrolyte is represented, for example, by the following compositional formula (1).
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are each independently a value greater than 0.
- ⁇ may be 4 or 6.
- the halide solid electrolyte represented by the compositional formula (1) has higher ionic conductivity than a halide solid electrolyte such as LiI, which consists only of Li and a halogen element. Therefore, when the halide solid electrolyte represented by the compositional formula (1) is used in a battery, the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- a halide solid electrolyte containing Y is represented, for example, by the following compositional formula (2).
- Me includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and Y, and metalloid elements.
- m is the valence of Me.
- mb is equal to the sum of the values obtained by multiplying the composition ratio of each element by the valence of the element.
- Me includes the element Me1 and the element Me2, the composition ratio of the element Me1 is b1, the valence of the element Me1 is m1, the composition ratio of the element Me2 is b2, and the valence of the element Me2 is m2.
- X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.
- Me may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sc, Al, Ga, Bi, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn, Ta, Gd and Nb.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be the following materials.
- the following halide solid electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity. Therefore, the ionic conductivity of the positive electrode material 10 is also improved. Thereby, the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery using the positive electrode material 10 is also improved.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be a material represented by the following compositional formula (A1).
- X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I in the compositional formula (A1).
- composition formula (A1) 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 2 is satisfied.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be a material represented by the following compositional formula (A2).
- X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I in the compositional formula (A2).
- the halide solid electrolyte may be a material represented by the following compositional formula (A5).
- Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ + a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ - a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6, and ( x+y) ⁇ 6 is satisfied.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be a material represented by the following compositional formula (A6).
- Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Ga, and Bi.
- composition formula (A6) ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ (1+ ⁇ a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6, and (x+y) ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be a material represented by the following compositional formula (A8).
- Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ta and Nb.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ -2a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6, and (x+y) ⁇ 6 is satisfied.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be Li2.7Y1.1Cl6 , Li3YBr6 or Li2.5Y0.5Zr0.5Cl6 .
- Raw material powders of halides are prepared according to the desired composition.
- a halide may be a compound of two elements containing a halogen element.
- LiCl and YCl 3 are prepared as raw material powders at a molar ratio of 3:1.
- the element species of "M” and "X” in the composition formula (1) can be determined.
- the values of " ⁇ ", " ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” in the composition formula (1) can be adjusted by adjusting the type of raw material powder, the mixing ratio of the raw material powder and the synthesis process.
- composition of the crystal phase (that is, the crystal structure) of the halide solid electrolyte can be adjusted and determined by the reaction method and reaction conditions between the raw material powders.
- the second coating layer 103 is located between the first coating layer 102 and the positive electrode active material 101 . In the coated active material 110 , the second coating layer 103 is in direct contact with the positive electrode active material 101 .
- the second coating layer 103 may contain, as a base material, a material with low electronic conductivity such as an oxide material or an oxide solid electrolyte.
- oxide materials include SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , WO 3 and ZrO 2 .
- oxide solid electrolytes include Li—Nb—O compounds such as LiNbO 3 , Li—B—O compounds such as LiBO 2 and Li 3 BO 3 , Li—Al—O compounds such as LiAlO 2 , Li 4 SiO 4 and the like.
- the base material may be one selected from these or a mixture of two or more.
- the underlying material may be a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity.
- the underlying material is typically an oxide solid electrolyte with lithium ion conductivity.
- the oxide solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and excellent high potential stability. By using an oxide solid electrolyte as the base material, the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the ionic conductivity of the halide solid electrolyte included in the first coating layer 102 is higher than the ionic conductivity of the underlying material included in the second coating layer 103 .
- the thickness of the first coating layer 102 is, for example, 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the thickness of the second coating layer 103 is, for example, 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less. If the thicknesses of first coating layer 102 and second coating layer 103 are appropriately adjusted, contact between positive electrode active material 101 and other solid electrolytes can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the thickness of each layer can be specified by thinning the coated active material 110 by a method such as ion milling and observing the cross section of the coated active material 110 with a transmission electron microscope. An average value of thicknesses measured at a plurality of arbitrary positions (eg, 5 points) can be regarded as the thickness of each layer.
- the coated active material 110 can be manufactured by the following method.
- the second coating layer 103 is formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material 101 .
- a method for forming the second coating layer 103 is not particularly limited. Methods for forming the second coating layer 103 include a liquid phase coating method and a vapor phase coating method.
- the vapor phase coating method includes a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a plasma chemical vapor deposition method, and the like.
- PLD pulsed laser deposition
- CVD thermal chemical vapor deposition
- a plasma chemical vapor deposition method and the like.
- an ion-conducting material as a target is irradiated with a high-energy pulse laser (eg, KrF excimer laser, wavelength: 248 nm) to deposit sublimated ion-conducting material on the surface of the positive electrode active material 101 .
- a high-energy pulse laser eg, KrF excimer laser, wavelength: 248 nm
- high-density sintered LiNbO 3 is used as a target.
- the method of forming the second coating layer 103 is not limited to the above.
- the second coating layer 103 may be formed by various methods such as a spray method, a spray dry coating method, an electrodeposition method, an immersion method, and a mechanical mixing method using a disperser.
- the first coating layer 102 is formed by the following method.
- the powder of the positive electrode active material 101 having the second coating layer 103 and the powder of the first solid electrolyte are mixed in an appropriate ratio to obtain a mixture.
- the mixture is milled and mechanical energy is imparted to the mixture.
- a mixing device such as a ball mill can be used for the milling treatment.
- the milling process may be performed in a dry and inert atmosphere to suppress oxidation of the material.
- the device used to manufacture the coated active material 110 is not particularly limited, and applies impact, compression, and shear mechanical energy to the mixture of the positive electrode active material 101 having the second coating layer 103 and the first solid electrolyte. It can be a device that can Apparatuses capable of imparting mechanical energy include compression shear processing apparatuses (particle compounding apparatuses) such as ball mills, "Mechanofusion” (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), and "Nobiruta” (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation).
- compression shear processing apparatuses particle compounding apparatuses
- Mechanofusion manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation
- Niobiruta manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation
- the rotor which is arranged in a horizontal cylindrical mixing vessel with a predetermined gap between it and the inner wall of the mixing vessel, rotates at high speed, forcing the raw material powder to pass through the gap. This process is repeated multiple times.
- composite particles of the positive electrode active material 101 having the second coating layer 103 and the first solid electrolyte can be produced.
- the thickness of the first coating layer 102, the coverage of the positive electrode active material 101 with the first solid electrolyte, the specific surface area of the coated active material 110, and the like can be adjusted by adjusting the conditions such as the rotational speed of the rotor, the treatment time, and the amount of preparation. You can control it.
- the coated active material 110 may be manufactured by mixing the positive electrode active material 101 having the second coating layer 103 and the first solid electrolyte using a mortar, mixer, or the like.
- the first solid electrolyte is deposited on the surface of the positive electrode active material 101 having the second coating layer 103 by various methods such as a spray method, a spray dry coating method, an electrodeposition method, an immersion method, and a mechanical mixing method using a disperser. good too.
- the second solid electrolyte 105 and the coated active material 110 may be in contact with each other. At this time, the first solid electrolyte and the second solid electrolyte 105 are in contact with each other.
- the positive electrode material 10 may include a plurality of particles of the second solid electrolyte 105 and a plurality of particles of the coated active material 110 .
- the ratio "v1:100-v1" between the volume of the positive electrode active material 101 and the volume of the solid electrolyte may satisfy 30 ⁇ v1 ⁇ 95.
- 30 ⁇ v1 the energy density of the battery is sufficiently ensured.
- v1 ⁇ 95 the battery can operate at high power.
- “Volume of solid electrolyte” is the total volume of the first solid electrolyte and the second solid electrolyte 105 .
- the volume ratio can be calculated from the amount of material charged, and can also be calculated by the method described below. That is, a cross section of a positive electrode using the positive electrode material 10 is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) to obtain a two-dimensional mapping image of elements.
- the measurement conditions of the scanning electron microscope for acquiring the two-dimensional mapping image are, for example, a magnification of 1000 times to 3000 times and an acceleration voltage of 5 kV.
- a two-dimensional mapping image is acquired at a resolution of 1280 ⁇ 960.
- the median diameter of the coated active material 110 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the coated active material 110 and the second solid electrolyte 105 can form a good dispersion state in the positive electrode material 10 .
- the charge/discharge characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the median diameter of coated active material 110 is 100 ⁇ m or less, the diffusion rate of lithium inside coated active material 110 is sufficiently ensured. Therefore, the battery can operate at high output.
- the median diameter of the coated active material 110 may desirably be 2 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter of the coated active material 110 may be larger than the median diameter of the second solid electrolyte 105 . Thereby, the coated active material 110 and the second solid electrolyte 105 can form a good dispersion state.
- volume diameter means the particle diameter when the cumulative volume in the volume-based particle size distribution is equal to 50%.
- the volume-based particle size distribution is measured by, for example, a laser diffraction measurement device or an image analysis device.
- Second solid electrolyte 105 may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of halide solid electrolytes, sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes, and complex hydride solid electrolytes.
- halide solid electrolyte examples include the materials previously described as the first solid electrolyte. That is, the composition of the second solid electrolyte 105 may be the same as or different from that of the first solid electrolyte.
- An oxide solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte containing oxygen.
- the oxide solid electrolyte may further contain anions other than sulfur and halogen elements as anions other than oxygen.
- a compound of a polymer compound and a lithium salt can be used.
- the polymer compound may have an ethylene oxide structure.
- a polymer compound having an ethylene oxide structure can contain a large amount of lithium salt. Therefore, the ionic conductivity can be further increased.
- Lithium salts include LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiSO3CF3 , LiN( SO2F )2, LiN(SO2CF3)2 , LiN ( SO2C2F5 ) 2 , LiN ( SO2CF3 ) ( SO2C4F9 ), LiC( SO2CF3 ) 3 etc. are mentioned .
- One lithium salt selected from these may be used alone, or a mixture of two or more lithium salts selected from these may be used.
- LiBH 4 --LiI LiBH 4 --P 2 S 5 or the like
- LiBH 4 --LiI LiBH 4 --P 2 S 5 or the like
- the second solid electrolyte 105 may contain Li and S.
- the second solid electrolyte 105 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and can improve the charge-discharge efficiency of a battery.
- sulfide solid electrolytes may be inferior in oxidation resistance.
- Examples of sulfide solid electrolytes include Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 and the like can be used.
- LiX, Li2O , MOq , LipMOq , etc. may be added to these.
- X in “LiX” is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.
- the element M in “MO q " and “Li p MO q " is at least one selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, In, Fe, and Zn.
- p and q in "MO q " and "L p MO q " are independent natural numbers.
- the second solid electrolyte 105 may contain two or more of the materials listed as solid electrolytes.
- the second solid electrolyte 105 may contain, for example, a halide solid electrolyte and a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode material 10 may contain a binder for the purpose of improving adhesion between particles.
- a binder is used to improve the binding properties of the material forming the positive electrode.
- Binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid methyl ester, polyacrylic acid ethyl ester, poly Acrylate hexyl ester, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester, polymethacrylic acid ethyl ester, polymethacrylic acid hexyl ester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyether Ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, hexafluoropolypropylene
- tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, styrene, pentafluoropropylene, fluoromethyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid ester, acrylic acid , and hexadiene may also be used.
- One selected from these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- the binder may be an elastomer because it has excellent binding properties. Elastomers are polymers that have rubber elasticity.
- the elastomer used as the binder may be a thermoplastic elastomer or a thermosetting elastomer.
- the binder may contain a thermoplastic elastomer.
- thermoplastic elastomers styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEEPS), butylene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR) , chloroprene rubber (CR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-butylene rubber (SBR), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), hydrogenated isoprene rubber (HIR), hydrogenated Butyl rubber (HIIR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), hydrogenated styrene-butylene rubber (HSBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and
- the coating layer 104 may contain a conductive aid for the purpose of increasing electronic conductivity.
- conductive aids include graphites such as natural graphite or artificial graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black and Ketjen black, conductive fibers such as carbon fiber or metal fiber, carbon fluoride, and metal powder such as aluminum.
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate, conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide, conductive polymer compounds such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and the like. Cost reduction can be achieved when a carbon conductive aid is used.
- the positive electrode material 10 may contain the above conductive aid for the purpose of increasing electronic conductivity.
- Cathode material 10 is obtained by mixing coated active material 110 and second solid electrolyte 105 .
- a method for mixing the coated active material 110 and the second solid electrolyte 105 is not particularly limited.
- Coated active material 110 and second solid electrolyte 105 may be mixed using a device such as a mortar, or coated active material 110 and second solid electrolyte 105 may be mixed using a mixing device such as a ball mill. .
- each of the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 is 10 ⁇ m or more, sufficient energy density of the battery can be ensured. When the thickness of the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 is 500 ⁇ m or less, the battery 200 can operate at high output.
- the separator layer 202 is a layer containing an electrolyte material. Separator layer 202 may contain at least one solid electrolyte selected from the group consisting of sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, halide solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes, and complex hydride solid electrolytes. Details of each solid electrolyte are as described in the first embodiment.
- the negative electrode 203 contains, as a negative electrode active material, a material that has the property of absorbing and releasing metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
- Metal materials, carbon materials, oxides, nitrides, tin compounds, silicon compounds, etc. can be used as negative electrode active materials.
- the metal material may be a single metal.
- the metallic material may be an alloy.
- metal materials include lithium metal and lithium alloys.
- Examples of carbon materials include natural graphite, coke, ungraphitized carbon, carbon fiber, spherical carbon, artificial graphite, and amorphous carbon. From the viewpoint of capacity density, silicon (Si), tin (Sn), silicon compounds, tin compounds, etc. can be preferably used.
- the median diameter of the particles of the negative electrode active material may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode 203 may contain other materials such as a solid electrolyte.
- a solid electrolyte the material described in Embodiment 1 can be used.
- NCA Powder of Li(NiCoAl)O 2
- a tumbling fluidization granulation coating apparatus manufactured by Powrex, FD-MP-01E was used for the treatment for forming the coating layer of LiNbO 3 on the surface of the NCA.
- the input amount of NCA, the stirring rotation speed, and the feeding rate of the coating solution were 1 kg, 400 rpm, and 6.59 g/min, respectively.
- the charging amount of the coating solution was adjusted so that the film thickness of LiNbO 3 was 10 nm.
- the input amount of the coating solution was calculated using the specific surface area of the active material and the density of LiNbO 3 .
- the specific surface area of the coated active material of Example 1 was 0.30 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area of Nb-NCA was also measured by the same method.
- the specific surface area of Nb-NCA was 0.81 m 2 /g.
- the ratio of the specific surface area of the coated active material of Example 1 to the specific surface area of Nb-NCA was 37.0%, expressed as a percentage.
- a coated active material of Reference Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the rotation speed of the particle compounding device was changed to 5500 rpm and the treatment time was changed to 30 minutes.
- the specific surface area of the coated active material of Reference Example 1 was 0.35 m 2 /g.
- the ratio of the specific surface area of the coated active material of Reference Example 1 to the specific surface area of Nb-NCA was 43.2%, expressed as a percentage.
- a coated active material of Reference Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the rotation speed of the particle compounding device was changed to 4000 rpm and the treatment time was changed to 60 minutes.
- the specific surface area of the coated active material of Reference Example 2 was 0.66 m 2 /g.
- Example 1 [Preparation of positive electrode material]
- the coated active material of Example 1 and LPS were weighed so that the volume ratio of Nb-NCA to solid electrolyte was 75:25.
- the positive electrode material of Example 1 was produced by mixing these with an agate mortar.
- "solid electrolyte” means the total volume of LYBC and LPS.
- the cathode material was weighed to contain 14 mg of Nb-NCA.
- LPS and a positive electrode material were laminated in this order in an insulating outer cylinder.
- the resulting laminate was pressure molded at a pressure of 720 MPa.
- metallic lithium was arranged so as to be in contact with the LPS layer, and pressure molding was performed again at a pressure of 40 MPa.
- stainless steel current collectors were arranged above and below the laminate.
- a current collecting lead was attached to each current collector.
- the inside of the outer cylinder was isolated from the outside atmosphere by sealing the outer cylinder with an insulating ferrule. Batteries of Examples and Reference Examples were produced through the above steps.
- a surface pressure of 150 MPa was applied to the battery by restraining the battery from above and below with four bolts.
- the charged battery was disassembled in an argon glove box, and only the positive electrode material was taken out. 2 mg of cathode material was placed in a stainless steel closed pan. Thermal analysis samples of Examples and Reference Examples were thus obtained.
- thermal analysis Using the thermal analysis samples of Examples and Reference Examples, thermal analysis was performed under the following conditions.
- Example 1 it was suggested that the reaction between the oxygen released from the positive electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte was suppressed, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
- a decrease in the ratio (%) of the specific surface area of the coated active material to the specific surface area of Nb-NCA means that the Nb-NCA was uniformly coated with the first solid electrolyte. It was suggested that the uniform coating of the Nb-NCA with the first solid electrolyte improves the safety of the battery.
- Example 1 A rapid increase in combustion initiation temperature was observed between Example 1 and Reference Example 1. From this, when the ratio (S/S 0 ) of the specific surface area S of the coated active material to the specific surface area S 0 (0.81 m 2 /g) of Nb-NCA is 42% or less, the combustion initiation temperature rises. sell.
- the ratio (S/S 0 ) may desirably be 40% or less.
- the average particle size of NCA used in Examples and Reference Examples was 5 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area of a 5 ⁇ m true sphere is 0.26 m 2 /g.
- the lower limit of the ratio (S/S 0 ) of the specific surface area S of the coated active material to the specific surface area S 0 of Nb-NCA (0.81 m 2 /g) can be 32%. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the safety of the battery while avoiding an excessive thickness of the coating layer.
- the thermal analysis sample of Example 1 showed a higher exothermic start temperature than that of the thermal analysis sample of Reference Example 3. That is, the coated active material obtained by mixing Nb-NCA and LYBC in a particle complexing device is higher than the active material obtained by mixing Nb-NCA and LYBC in an agate mortar. It was suggested that it has safety. This is probably because the surface of the Nb-NCA particles could be uniformly coated with LYBC by the particle compounding apparatus.
- the technology of the present disclosure is useful, for example, for all-solid lithium secondary batteries.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備えた被覆活物質であって、
前記被覆層は、第1固体電解質を含む第1被覆層と、下地材料を含む第2被覆層とを含み、
前記第1被覆層は、前記第2被覆層の外側に位置しており、
前記第1固体電解質は、Li、M、およびXを含み、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
Xは、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記第2被覆層によって被覆された前記正極活物質の比表面積に対する前記被覆活物質の比表面積の比率が42%以下である、
被覆活物質を提供する。
固体電解質を用いた電池は安全であると認識されているが、常にそうであるとは限らない。例えば、正極活物質から酸素が発生することがある。発生した酸素は、固体電解質を酸化させ、電池の温度を上昇させる。その結果、電池の容器が劣化および破損したり、電池の動作不良が起きたりする可能性がある。したがって、固体電解質を用いた電池についても、安全性を更に向上させることが期待されている。
本開示の第1態様に係る被覆活物質は、
正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備えた被覆活物質であって、
前記被覆層は、第1固体電解質を含む第1被覆層と、下地材料を含む第2被覆層とを含み、
前記第1被覆層は、前記第2被覆層の外側に位置しており、
前記第1固体電解質は、Li、M、およびXを含み、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
Xは、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記第2被覆層によって被覆された前記正極活物質の比表面積に対する前記被覆活物質の比表面積の比率が42%以下である。
LiαMβXγ・・・式(1)
第1から第8態様のいずれか1つの被覆活物質と、
第2固体電解質と、
を備えている。
図1は、実施の形態1に係る被覆活物質の概略構成を示す断面図である。被覆活物質110は、正極活物質101および被覆層104を含む。被覆活物質110の形状は、例えば、粒子状である。被覆層104は、正極活物質101の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆している。被覆層104は、正極活物質101の表面の一部のみを被覆していてもよく、正極活物質101の表面を一様に被覆していてもよい。被覆層104は、第1被覆層102および第2被覆層103を有する。第1被覆層102は、第1固体電解質を含む層である。第2被覆層104は、下地材料を含む層である。第1被覆層102は、第2被覆層103の外側に位置している。第1被覆層102において、第1固体電解質は、Li、M、およびXを含む。Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである。Xは、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである。第2被覆層103によって被覆された正極活物質101の比表面積S0に対する被覆活物質110の比表面積Sの比率S/S0が42%以下である。
正極活物質101は、金属イオン(例えば、リチウムイオン)を吸蔵および放出する特性を有する材料を含む。正極活物質101として、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属フッ化物、ポリアニオン材料、フッ素化ポリアニオン材料、遷移金属硫化物、遷移金属オキシ硫化物、遷移金属オキシ窒化物などが使用されうる。特に、正極活物質101として、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用いた場合には、電池の製造コストを安くでき、平均放電電圧を高めることができる。リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物としては、Li(NiCoAl)O2、Li(NiCoMn)O2、LiCoO2などが挙げられる。
第1被覆層102は、第1固体電解質を含む。第1固体電解質は、イオン伝導性を有する。イオン伝導性は、典型的には、リチウムイオン伝導性である。第1被覆層102は、第1固体電解質を主成分として含んでいてもよく、第1固体電解質のみを含んでいてもよい。「主成分」は、質量比で最も多く含まれる成分を意味する。「第1固体電解質のみを含む」とは、不可避不純物を除き、第1固体電解質以外の材料が意図的に添加されていないことを意味する。例えば、第1固体電解質の原料、第1固体電解質を作製する際に生じる副生成物などは、不可避不純物に含まれる。第1被覆層102の全体の質量に対する不可避不純物の質量の比率は、5%以下であってもよく、3%以下であってもよく、1%以下であってもよく、0.5%以下であってもよい。
第2被覆層103は、第1被覆層102と正極活物質101との間に位置している。被覆活物質110において、第2被覆層103が正極活物質101に直接接している。第2被覆層103は、下地材料として、酸化物材料、酸化物固体電解質などの電子伝導性が低い材料を含んでいてもよい。
被覆活物質110は、下記の方法によって製造されうる。
図2は、実施の形態2に係る正極材料の概略構成を示す断面図である。正極材料10は、被覆活物質110および第2固体電解質105を有する。第2固体電解質105は、被覆層104を介して正極活物質101と接している。被覆活物質110の構成は、実施の形態1で説明した通りである。正極材料10によれば、電池の安全性を向上させることができる。
第2固体電解質105は、ハロゲン化物固体電解質、硫化物固体電解質、酸化物固体電解質、高分子固体電解質、および錯体水素化物固体電解質からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含んでいてもよい。
正極材料10には、粒子同士の密着性を向上する目的で、結着剤が含まれていてもよい。結着剤は、正極を構成する材料の結着性を向上するために用いられる。結着剤としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド樹脂、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアクリルニトリル、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸メチルエステル、ポリアクリル酸エチルエステル、ポリアクリル酸ヘキシルエステル、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸メチルエステル、ポリメタクリル酸エチルエステル、ポリメタクリル酸ヘキシルエステル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエーテル、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ヘキサフルオロポリプロピレン、スチレンブタジエンゴム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、エチルセルロースなどが挙げられる。また、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル、フッ化ビニリデン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、ブタジエン、スチレン、ペンタフルオロプロピレン、フルオロメチルビニルエーテル、アクリル酸エステル、アクリル酸、およびヘキサジエンからなる群より選択される2種以上のモノマーの共重合体も使用されうる。これらから選ばれる1種が単独で使用されてもよく、2種以上が組み合わされて使用されてもよい。
正極材料10は、被覆活物質110と第2固体電解質105とを混合することによって得られる。被覆活物質110と第2固体電解質105とを混合する方法は特に限定されない。乳鉢などの器具を用いて被覆活物質110と第2固体電解質105とを混合してもよく、ボールミルなどの混合装置を用いて被覆活物質110と第2固体電解質105とを混合してもよい。
図3は、実施の形態3に係る電池の概略構成を示す断面図である。電池200は、正極201、セパレータ層202、および負極203を含む。セパレータ層202は、正極201と負極203との間に配置されている。正極201は、実施の形態2で説明した正極材料10を含む。このような構成によれば、電池200の安全性を向上させることができる。
[第1固体電解質の作製]
露点-60℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で、原料粉末であるYCl3、LiCl、およびLiBrをYCl3:LiCl:LiBr=1:1:2のモル比で秤量した。これらを乳鉢で粉砕して混合して混合物を得た。電気炉を用いて、2時間、520℃の条件で混合物を焼成した。これにより、ハロゲン化物固体電解質であるLi3YBr2Cl4(以下、「LYBC」と記載する)を得た。LYBCにp-クロロトルエンを加え、湿式微粉砕・分散機を用いてLYBCを粉砕し、その後、乾燥させた。これにより、第1固体電解質としてのLYBCの粉末(メジアン径D50=0.4μm)を得た。
アルゴングローブボックス内で、5.95gのエトキシリチウム(高純度化学社製)と36.43gのペンタエトキシニオブ(高純度化学社製)とを500mLの超脱水エタノール(和光純薬社製)に溶解して被覆溶液を作製した。
以下の条件にて被覆活物質の比表面積を測定した。3gの被覆活物質を測定用試験管に入れ、比表面積・細孔分布測定装置(マイクロトラック・ベル社製、BELSORP MAX)に測定用試験管を接続した。80℃、真空下、1時間の条件で前処理を実施した。その後、吸着温度77K、吸着相対圧上限0.99(P/P0)の条件で窒素ガス吸着試験を実施した。解析ソフトウエアBelmaster7を使用し、吸着等温線の直線領域においてBET法による解析を実施し、比表面積を算出した。
粒子複合化装置の回転数を5500rpmに変更し、処理時間を30分間に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で参照例1の被覆活物質を得た。参照例1の被覆活物質の比表面積は0.35m2/gであった。Nb-NCAの比表面積に対する参照例1の被覆活物質の比表面積の比率は、百分率で表して、43.2%であった。
粒子複合化装置の回転数を4000rpmに変更し、処理時間を60分間に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で参照例2の被覆活物質を得た。参照例2の被覆活物質の比表面積は0.66m2/gであった。Nb-NCAの比表面積に対する参照例1の被覆活物質の比表面積の比率は、百分率で表して、81.5%であった。
粒子複合化装置に代えてメノウ乳鉢を用いてNb-NCAとLYBCとを30分間かけて混合した。参照例3の活物質の比表面積は、Nb-NCAの比表面積0.81m2/gに等しいものとみなした。
粒子複合化装置の回転数を2800rpmに変更し、処理時間を60分間に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で参照例4の被覆活物質を得た。参照例4の被覆活物質の比表面積は0.85m2/gであった。Nb-NCAの比表面積に対する参照例1の被覆活物質の比表面積の比率は、百分率で表して、104.9%であった。
露点-60℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で、原料粉末であるLi2SとP2S5とを、モル比でLi2S:P2S5=75:25となるように秤量した。これらを乳鉢で粉砕および混合して混合物を得た。その後、遊星型ボールミル(フリッチュ社製、P-7型)を用い、10時間、510rpmの条件で混合物をミリング処理した。これにより、ガラス状の固体電解質を得た。ガラス状の固体電解質について、不活性雰囲気中、270℃、2時間の条件で熱処理した。これにより、ガラスセラミックス状の固体電解質であるLi2S-P2S5(以下、「LPS」と記載する)を得た。
アルゴングローブボックス内で、Nb-NCAと固体電解質との体積比率が75:25となるように、実施例1の被覆活物質およびLPSを秤量した。これらをメノウ乳鉢で混合することで、実施例1の正極材料を作製した。Nb-NCAと固体電解質との体積比率において、「固体電解質」は、LYBCおよびLPSの合計体積を意味する。
14mgのNb-NCAが含まれるように正極材料を秤量した。絶縁性を有する外筒の中にLPSと正極材料とをこの順に積層した。得られた積層体を720MPaの圧力で加圧成形した。次に、LPS層に接するように金属リチウムを配置し、再度40MPaの圧力にて加圧成形した。これにより、正極、固体電解質層および負極からなる積層体を作製した。次に、積層体の上下にステンレス鋼製の集電体を配置した。各集電体に集電リードを取り付けた。次に、絶縁性フェルールを用いて外筒を密閉することで外筒の内部を外気雰囲気から遮断した。以上の工程を経て、実施例および参照例の電池を作製した。4本のボルトで電池を上下から拘束することで、電池に面圧150MPaの圧力を印加した。
電池を25℃の恒温槽に配置した。電池の理論容量に対して0.05Cレート(20時間率)となる電流値147μAで電圧4.3Vに達するまで電池を定電流充電した。電流値2.9μAに到達するまで4.3Vで定電圧充電を行った。
実施例および参照例の熱分析サンプルを用いて、以下の条件で熱分析を実施した。
参照例1から4の結果に示すように、Nb-NCAの比表面積に対する被覆活物質の比表面積の比率(%)が減少しても、発熱開始温度に顕著な変化は見られなかった。実施例1の結果に示すように、Nb-NCAの比表面積に対する被覆活物質の比表面積の比率(%)が更に減少すると、発熱開始温度が急激に上昇した。この理由は、次の通りであると考えられる。すなわち、被覆活物質の表面に多くの孔(凹凸)が存在する場合、それらの孔から酸素が放出され、孔が起点となって発熱が始まる。参照例1から4のように、比表面積がある値よりも大きいとき、被覆活物質の表面に十分な数および十分な大きさの孔が存在する。この場合、比表面積が変化しても発熱開始温度に大きな変化は見られない。これに対し、実施例1のように比表面積がある値を下回ると、被覆活物質の表面の孔がほぼ無くなり、発熱の起点が失われる。その結果、発熱開始温度が急激に上昇すると考えられる。
110 被覆活物質
101 正極活物質
102 第1被覆層
103 第2被覆層
104 被覆層
105 第2固体電解質
200 電池
201 正極
202 セパレータ層
203 負極
Claims (12)
- 正極活物質と、
前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備えた被覆活物質であって、
前記被覆層は、第1固体電解質を含む第1被覆層と、下地材料を含む第2被覆層とを含み、
前記第1被覆層は、前記第2被覆層の外側に位置しており、
前記第1固体電解質は、Li、M、およびXを含み、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
Xは、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記第2被覆層によって被覆された前記正極活物質の比表面積に対する前記被覆活物質の比表面積の比率が42%以下である、
被覆活物質。 - 前記比率が40%以下である、
請求項1に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記比率が32%以上である、
請求項1または2に記載の被覆活物質。 - Mは、イットリウムを含む、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記第1固体電解質は、下記の組成式(1)により表され、
LiαMβXγ・・・式(1)
ここで、α、β、およびγは、それぞれ独立して、0より大きい値である、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記下地材料がリチウム含有酸化物を含む、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記下地材料がリチウムイオン伝導性を有する酸化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の被覆活物質。 - 前記下地材料がニオブ酸リチウムを含む、
請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の被覆活物質。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の被覆活物質と、
第2固体電解質と、
を備えた、正極材料。 - 前記第2固体電解質がLiおよびSを含む、
請求項9に記載の正極材料。 - 請求項9または10に記載の正極材料を備えた、正極。
- 請求項11に記載の正極を備えた、電池。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023525654A JPWO2022254985A1 (ja) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-04-19 | |
EP22815741.8A EP4350800A1 (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-04-19 | Coated active substance, positive electrode material, positive electrode, and battery |
CN202280035495.4A CN117321796A (zh) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-04-19 | 被覆活性物质、正极材料、正极和电池 |
US18/507,037 US20240079570A1 (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2023-11-11 | Coated active material, positive electrode material, positive electrode, and battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021-091713 | 2021-05-31 | ||
JP2021091713 | 2021-05-31 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/507,037 Continuation US20240079570A1 (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2023-11-11 | Coated active material, positive electrode material, positive electrode, and battery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022254985A1 true WO2022254985A1 (ja) | 2022-12-08 |
Family
ID=84323112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/018140 WO2022254985A1 (ja) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-04-19 | 被覆活物質、正極材料、正極および電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240079570A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4350800A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2022254985A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN117321796A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022254985A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024179047A1 (zh) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-06 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 正极材料和制备方法、正极极片及应用 |
WO2024185316A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 正極材料、正極および電池 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009193940A (ja) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電極体及びその製造方法、並びに、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2016018735A (ja) | 2014-07-10 | 2016-02-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 複合活物質及びその製造方法 |
WO2019135315A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
WO2021199618A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 被覆正極活物質およびそれを用いた電池 |
-
2022
- 2022-04-19 JP JP2023525654A patent/JPWO2022254985A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-04-19 WO PCT/JP2022/018140 patent/WO2022254985A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-04-19 EP EP22815741.8A patent/EP4350800A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-19 CN CN202280035495.4A patent/CN117321796A/zh active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-11-11 US US18/507,037 patent/US20240079570A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009193940A (ja) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電極体及びその製造方法、並びに、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2016018735A (ja) | 2014-07-10 | 2016-02-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 複合活物質及びその製造方法 |
WO2019135315A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固体電解質材料、および、電池 |
WO2021199618A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 被覆正極活物質およびそれを用いた電池 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024179047A1 (zh) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-06 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 正极材料和制备方法、正极极片及应用 |
WO2024185316A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 正極材料、正極および電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240079570A1 (en) | 2024-03-07 |
EP4350800A1 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
CN117321796A (zh) | 2023-12-29 |
JPWO2022254985A1 (ja) | 2022-12-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2022254985A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、正極材料、正極および電池 | |
WO2021157361A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2022244445A1 (ja) | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料および電池 | |
US20240194862A1 (en) | Positive electrode material, positive electrode, and battery | |
US20240079646A1 (en) | Coated active material, positive electrode material, positive electrode, and battery | |
WO2023037756A1 (ja) | 正極材料、正極および電池 | |
WO2023037817A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2023008006A1 (ja) | 正極材料、正極、および電池 | |
WO2023002827A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023032473A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
WO2023008119A1 (ja) | 正極、電池、および正極の製造方法 | |
WO2022209686A1 (ja) | 被覆正極活物質、正極材料、電池、および被覆正極活物質の製造方法 | |
WO2021200086A1 (ja) | 正極材料および電池 | |
JP7507385B2 (ja) | 正極材料、および、電池 | |
WO2022254984A1 (ja) | 正極材料、正極および電池 | |
WO2022255027A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、正極材料、正極および電池 | |
WO2023037815A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2023037769A1 (ja) | 正極材料、正極および電池 | |
WO2023037816A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2022254871A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2023238584A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料、電池および電池の製造方法 | |
WO2022254869A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2023238582A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2023238581A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 | |
WO2023238583A1 (ja) | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22815741 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023525654 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280035495.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202347078622 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022815741 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022815741 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240102 |