WO2022234829A1 - マレイミド樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物およびその硬化物 - Google Patents
マレイミド樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物およびその硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022234829A1 WO2022234829A1 PCT/JP2022/019408 JP2022019408W WO2022234829A1 WO 2022234829 A1 WO2022234829 A1 WO 2022234829A1 JP 2022019408 W JP2022019408 W JP 2022019408W WO 2022234829 A1 WO2022234829 A1 WO 2022234829A1
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Images
Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/04—Anhydrides, e.g. cyclic anhydrides
- C08F222/06—Maleic anhydride
- C08F222/08—Maleic anhydride with vinyl aromatic monomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/08—Anhydrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/46—Reaction with unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, e.g. maleinisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L35/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
- C08L71/12—Polyphenylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a maleimide resin having a specific structure, a curable resin composition, and a cured product thereof, and includes semiconductor sealing materials, printed wiring boards, electric and electronic parts such as build-up laminates, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, Lightweight high-strength materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastics are suitable for 3D printing applications.
- CPUs central processing units
- PKG semiconductor packages
- PCB motherboard
- Non-Patent Document 1 Conductor loss is caused by the resistance component of conductors such as wiring on a substrate, and is divided into loss due to the skin effect at high frequencies and scattering loss due to the roughness of the copper foil surface.
- SiC semiconductors have begun to be used in trains, air conditioners, and the like, and the encapsulating material for semiconductor elements is required to have extremely high heat resistance.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a composition containing a maleimide resin and a propenyl group-containing phenolic resin.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an allyl ether resin in which hydroxyl groups are substituted with allyl groups.
- Claisen rearrangement occurs at 190°C, and at 200°C, which is a general substrate molding temperature, phenolic hydroxyl groups that do not contribute to the curing reaction are generated, so electrical properties cannot be satisfied. do not have.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a maleimide resin, a curable resin composition, and a cured product thereof that exhibits excellent heat resistance and electrical properties and has good curability. With the goal.
- a maleimide resin having a specific structure and a cured product of the curable resin composition thereof are excellent in heat resistance and low dielectric properties, and have completed the present invention. I came to complete it.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [10].
- "(numerical value 1) to (numerical value 2)" indicate that upper and lower limits are included.
- [1] A maleimide resin obtained by reacting a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, a compound containing two or more amino groups in the molecule, and maleic anhydride.
- [2] The maleimide resin according to [1] above, which has repeating units represented by the following formulas (a) and (b).
- X represents an arbitrary organic group.
- m and n are the average values of the number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 1000.
- (a) and (b) are respectively It is connected with *, and the repeat position can be random.)
- [3] The maleimide resin according to the preceding item [2], wherein X in the formula (b) is one or more of the following formulas (A) to (P).
- R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a represents an integer of 0 to 4, p represents a number of 1 to 20, * indicates a bonding position.
- X in formula (b) is any one or more of formulas (A) to (F).
- the compound containing two or more amino groups in the molecule is any one or more selected from the group consisting of amine compounds represented by the following formulas (1) to (5) and dimer diamine [1] ]
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- each R exists independently and represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, p is the average number of repetitions, and 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 20.
- each R exists independently and represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- [6] A curable resin composition containing the maleimide resin according to any one of [1] to [5] above.
- the maleimide resin of the present invention has excellent curability, and its cured product has excellent properties such as high heat resistance and low dielectric properties. Therefore, it is a useful material for sealing electrical and electronic parts, circuit boards, carbon fiber composite materials, and the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a GPC chart of Synthesis Example 1.
- the HPLC chart of Synthesis Example 1 is shown.
- 1 H-NMR chart of Synthesis Example 1 is shown.
- 1 shows a GPC chart of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 1 is shown.
- 2 shows a GPC chart of Example 2.
- FIG. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 2 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 3 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 4 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 5 is shown.
- 1 H-NMR chart of Example 5 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 6 is shown.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of Synthesis Example 6.
- FIG. The GPC chart of Example 7 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 8 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 9 is shown.
- the GPC chart of Example 10 is shown. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 10 is shown. The GPC chart of Example 11 is shown. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 11 is shown. The GPC chart of Example 12 is shown. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 12 is shown. The GPC chart of Example 13 is shown. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 13 is shown. The GPC chart of Example 14 is shown. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 14 is shown. The GPC chart of Example 15 is shown. 1 H-NMR chart of Example 15 is shown.
- the maleimide resin of the present invention is obtained by reacting a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, a compound containing two or more amino groups in the molecule, and maleic anhydride.
- the maleimide resin of the present invention preferably has repeating units of the following formulas (a) and (b).
- X represents any organic group.
- m and n are the average values of the number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 1000. (a) and (b) are each connected by *, and the repeat position may be random.
- m is usually 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1000, preferably 2 ⁇ m ⁇ 750, and preferably 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 500.
- n is usually 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 1000, preferably 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 500, more preferably 1.1 ⁇ n ⁇ 100, particularly preferably 1.1 ⁇ n ⁇ 20 . Since the values of m and n are derived from the raw material styrene-maleic acid copolymer, they can be obtained from the acid value thereof.
- the preferred range of the molecular weight of the raw styrene-maleic acid copolymer is 200 or more and less than 50,000.
- the target compound does not volatilize in the solvent distillation step.
- X is preferably one or more of the following formulas (A) to (P), more preferably any one of the following formulas (A) to (F). , the following formula (B) is particularly preferred.
- R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4;
- p is the average number of repetitions, and 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 20. * indicates the binding position.
- the average value p of the number of repetitions of formula (E) is the value of the number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by GPC measurement of the compound represented by formula (E) or the area % of slice data of each peak (detection instrument: differential refractive index detector) and the like.
- R is usually a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is a hydrocarbon group. Hydrocarbons in which R has 10 or less carbon atoms are less susceptible to molecular vibration when exposed to high frequency waves, and are therefore excellent in electrical properties.
- the styrene-maleic acid copolymer which is the raw material for the maleimide resin of the present invention, is obtained by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride.
- the polymerization method any known method other than radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, and various living polymerizations may be used. For example, by reacting styrene and maleic anhydride in toluene in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, Obtainable.
- the polymer obtained may be a random polymer or a periodic copolymer, or may be a block polymer or an alternating copolymer.
- the stereoregularity of the polystyrene segment may be syndiotactic, atactic, isotactic, or the like.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably 500 to 50,000, more preferably 750 to 40,000, even more preferably 1,000 to 30,000, and particularly preferably 1,500 to 20,000. If the molecular weight is less than 500, the target product is likely to volatilize and the weight of the resin component is reduced during heating, making it difficult to apply to the manufacturing process of the substrate material. On the other hand, if the molecular weight is more than 30,000, it becomes difficult to expand sales during production, and it becomes difficult to purify by washing with water.
- Any known amine compound may be used as the compound having two or more amino groups in the molecule, which is the starting material for the maleimide resin of the present invention.
- amine compounds represented by the following formulas (A′) to (P′) methylenediamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, dimerdiamine, 1,3 - Aliphatic diamine compounds such as bisaminomethylcyclohexane, norbornanediamine, isophoronediamine and bisaminomethyltricyclodecane.
- the dimer diamine is a diamine in which the two terminal carboxylic acid groups (--COOH) of the dimer acid are substituted with primary aminomethyl groups (--CH.sub.2--NH.sub.2) or amino groups ( --NH.sub.2 ).
- a known commercial product may be used as the dimer diamine.
- Commercially available products include Priamine (registered trademark) manufactured by Croda Japan.
- the compound having two or more amino groups in the molecule exemplified above is preferably dimer diamine or any one or more of the following formulas (A') to (P'), and the following formula (A') (F') is more preferred, and formula (B') below is particularly preferred. This is because heat resistance and solvent solubility can be improved by using an amine compound having a molecular weight distribution. In addition, these may be used independently and may be used together.
- R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4;
- p is the average number of repetitions, and 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 20.
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- the average value p of the number of repetitions of formula (E') and the average value n of the number of repetitions of formulas (A'), (B'), (C'), (D'), and (F') are Value of number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by GPC measurement of compounds represented by formulas (A') to (F'), area % of slice data of each peak (detector: differential refractive index detector), etc. can be calculated from
- R is usually a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons in which R has 10 or less carbon atoms are less susceptible to molecular vibration when exposed to high frequency waves, and are therefore excellent in electrical properties. Moreover, it is preferable that p satisfies 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 20 and n satisfies 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- the average value n of the number of repetitions in formula (1) is the value of the number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by GPC measurement of the compound represented by formula (1) or the area % of slice data of each peak (detector : differential refractive index detector).
- each R exists independently and represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- p is the average number of repetitions
- 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 20 The average value p of the number of repetitions in formula (2) is the value of the number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by GPC measurement of the compound represented by formula (2) or the area % of slice data of each peak (detector : differential refractive index detector).
- the above formula (F') is particularly preferably when a is 2 and n is 0, that is, the following formula (3), or when a is 0, that is, the following formula (4).
- each R exists independently and represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- the average value n of the number of repetitions in formula (4) is the value of the number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by GPC measurement of the compound represented by formula (4) or the area % of slice data of each peak (detector : differential refractive index detector).
- a is 0 in the above formula (C'), that is, the following formula (5).
- n is the average number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
- the average value n of the number of repetitions in formula (5) is the value of the number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by GPC measurement of the compound represented by formula (5) or the area % of slice data of each peak (detector : differential refractive index detector).
- the method for producing the maleimide resin of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be derived from a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, a compound having two or more amino groups in the molecule, and maleic anhydride. Specifically, a styrene-maleic acid copolymer and a compound having two or more amino groups in the molecule are imidized in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst. can be obtained by additionally adding and maleimidating.
- the amino group of the amine compound is excessively charged with respect to 1 mol of the acid anhydride contained in the styrene-maleic acid copolymer, thereby suppressing gelation due to three-dimensional cross-linking during the reaction step. can be prevented.
- the preferred range of the value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) obtained by dividing the number of moles ( ⁇ ) of the amino group of the raw material amine by the number of moles ( ⁇ ) of the acid anhydride of the styrene-maleic acid copolymer is 1.1. ⁇ 20, preferably 1.1-15, more preferably 1.1-10. If the amine content is less than the above range, gelation will occur, making production difficult.
- solvents to be used include aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene, aliphatic solvents such as cyclohexane and n-hexane, ethers such as diethyl ether and diisopropyl ether, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and methyl isobutyl.
- Water-insoluble solvents such as ketone-based solvents such as ketones and cyclopentanone are included, but are not limited to these, and two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- An aprotic polar solvent can also be used in combination with the water-insoluble solvent.
- examples thereof include dimethylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like, and two or more of them may be used in combination.
- an aprotic polar solvent it is preferable to use one having a boiling point higher than that of the water-insoluble solvent used in combination.
- catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride and zinc chloride, activated clay, acid clay, white carbon, zeolite, A solid acid such as silica alumina, an acidic ion exchange resin, or the like can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the catalyst used is generally 0.1-0.8 mol, preferably 0.2-0.7 mol, per 1 mol of the amino group of the amine compound used. If the amount of the catalyst used is too large, the viscosity of the reaction solution may be too high and stirring may become difficult.
- a basic co-catalyst such as triethylamine can be used alone or in combination.
- the extraction step may be performed after neutralization with an alkali metal such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene may be used alone, or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as cyclohexane or toluene may be used in combination.
- the organic layer is washed with water until the waste water becomes neutral, and the solvent is distilled off using an evaporator or the like to obtain the desired maleimide resin having a polystyrene structure in the molecule.
- the maleimide resin having repeating units of the formulas (a) and (b) can be represented by the following formula (6).
- X represents any organic group.
- m and n are the average values of the number of repetitions, and 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1000 and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 1000. Since the values of m and n are derived from the raw material styrene-maleic acid copolymer, they can be obtained from the acid value thereof. Although each repeating unit is shown in a particular order for convenience of description, each repeating position may be random.
- the curable composition of the invention may contain a polymerization inhibitor.
- a polymerization inhibitor By containing a polymerization inhibitor, the storage stability is improved and the reaction initiation temperature can be controlled. By controlling the reaction initiation temperature, fluidity can be easily ensured, the ability to impregnate glass cloth or the like is not impaired, and B-stage processing such as prepreg formation is facilitated. If the polymerization reaction proceeds too much during prepreg formation, problems such as difficulty in lamination are likely to occur in the lamination process.
- Polymerization inhibitors that can be used include phenol-based, sulfur-based, phosphorus-based, hindered amine-based, nitroso-based, and nitroxyl radical-based polymerization inhibitors.
- the polymerization inhibitor may be added when synthesizing the maleimide resin of the present invention or after synthesis.
- a polymerization inhibitor can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the amount of polymerization inhibitor used is usually 0.008 to 1 part by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 part by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
- Each of these polymerization inhibitors can be used alone, but two or more of them may be used in combination.
- phenol-based, hindered amine-based, nitroso-based, and nitroxyl radical-based solvents are preferred.
- phenolic polymerization inhibitors include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, butylated hydroxyanisole, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-ethylphenol, stearyl- ⁇ -( 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,4-bis-(n-octylthio) -monophenols such as 6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis[(octylthio)methyl]-o-cresol;2 , 2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-t
- sulfur-based polymerization inhibitors include dilauryl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, distearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate, and the like. be.
- phosphorus-based polymerization inhibitors include triphenylphosphite, diphenylisodecylphosphite, phenyldiisodecylphosphite, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritolphosphite, tris(2,4-di-t -butylphenyl)phosphite, cyclic neopentanetetraylbis(octadecyl)phosphite, cyclic neopentanetetraylbi(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, cyclic neopentanetetraylbi(2, Phosphites such as 4-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl)phosphite and bis[2-t-butyl-6-methyl-4- ⁇ 2-(oct)
- hindered amine-based polymerization inhibitors include Adekastave LA-40MP, Adekastab LA-40Si, Adekastab LA-402AF, Adekastab LA-87, Adekastab LA-82, Adekastab LA-81, Adekastab LA-77Y, and Adekastab LA.
- nitroso-based polymerization inhibitor examples include p-nitrosophenol, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, ammonium salts of N-nitrosophenylhydroxyamine, (cupferron), and the like, preferably ammonium of N-nitrosophenylhydroxyamine. It is salt (cupferon).
- nitroxyl radical polymerization inhibitors include di-tert-butyl nitroxide, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6- Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4- Methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6 -tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl and the like, but are not limited to these.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can use any known material as a curable resin other than the maleimide resin of the present invention.
- Specific examples include phenol resins, epoxy resins, amine resins, active alkene-containing resins, isocyanate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, cyanate ester resins, propenyl resins, methallyl resins, active ester resins, and the like. may be used in combination.
- the amount of the curable resin used is preferably 10 times or less by mass, more preferably 5 times or less, and particularly preferably 3 times or less by mass, that of the maleimide resin of the present invention.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.5 times by mass or more, more preferably 1 time by mass or more. If it is 10 times by mass or less, the effect of the heat resistance and dielectric properties of the maleimide resin of the present invention can be utilized.
- phenol resins epoxy resins, amine resins, active alkene-containing resins, isocyanate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, cyanate ester resins, and active ester resins
- epoxy resins epoxy resins, amine resins, active alkene-containing resins, isocyanate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, cyanate ester resins, and active ester resins
- Phenolic resin phenols (phenol, alkyl-substituted phenol, aromatic-substituted phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, naphthol, alkyl-substituted naphthol, dihydroxybenzene, alkyl-substituted dihydroxybenzene, dihydroxynaphthalene, etc.) and various aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, alkylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, alkyl-substituted benzaldehyde, hydroxybenzaldehyde, naphthaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, phthalaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, furfural, etc.), phenols and various diene compounds (dicyclopentadiene, terpenes, vinylcyclohexene, norbornadiene, vinyln
- Any known polyphenylene ether compound may be used, but from the viewpoint of heat resistance and electrical properties, it is preferably a polyphenylene ether compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond. or a polyphenylene ether compound having a styrene structure is more preferred.
- Commercially available products include SA-9000-111 (polyphenylene ether compound having a methacryl group, manufactured by SABIC) and OPE-2St 1200 (polyphenylene ether compound having a styrene structure, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.).
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyphenylene ether compound is preferably from 500 to 5,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 5,000, and even more preferably from 2,000 to 4,000. If the molecular weight is less than 500, there is a tendency that the heat resistance of the cured product is insufficient. On the other hand, when the molecular weight is more than 5000, the melt viscosity becomes high and sufficient fluidity cannot be obtained, so that molding defects tend to occur. In addition, reactivity also decreases, the curing reaction takes a long time, unreacted substances increase without being incorporated into the curing system, the glass transition temperature of the cured product decreases, and the heat resistance of the cured product decreases.
- the polyphenylene ether compound has a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5000, excellent heat resistance and moldability can be exhibited while maintaining excellent dielectric properties.
- the number average molecular weight here can be specifically measured using gel permeation chromatography or the like.
- the polyphenylene ether compound may be obtained by a polymerization reaction or may be obtained by a redistribution reaction of a high molecular weight polyphenylene ether compound having a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 30,000. Radical polymerizability may also be imparted by reacting these raw materials with a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond such as methacryl chloride, acryl chloride, chloromethylstyrene, or the like.
- the polyphenylene ether compound obtained by the redistribution reaction is obtained, for example, by heating a high molecular weight polyphenylene ether compound portion in a solvent such as toluene in the presence of a phenol compound and a radical initiator to cause a redistribution reaction.
- the polyphenylene ether compound obtained by the redistribution reaction in this way has hydroxyl groups derived from a phenolic compound that contributes to curing at both ends of the molecular chain. It is preferable because functional groups can be introduced to both ends of the molecular chain even after modification with a compound having a polyunsaturated double bond.
- a polyphenylene ether compound obtained by a polymerization reaction is also preferable because it exhibits excellent fluidity.
- the molecular weight of the polyphenylene ether compound can be adjusted by adjusting the polymerization conditions and the like in the case of the polyphenylene ether compound obtained by the polymerization reaction.
- the molecular weight of the obtained polyphenylene ether compound can be adjusted by adjusting the conditions of the redistribution reaction. More specifically, it is conceivable to adjust the blending amount of the phenolic compound used in the redistribution reaction. That is, the larger the amount of the phenolic compound compounded, the lower the molecular weight of the obtained polyphenylene ether compound.
- poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) or the like can be used as the high-molecular-weight polyphenylene ether compound that undergoes the redistribution reaction.
- the phenolic compound used in the redistribution reaction is not particularly limited, but for example, polyfunctional phenols having two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, such as bisphenol A, phenol novolak, cresol novolak, etc. compounds are preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the polyphenylene ether compound is not particularly limited, it is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, based on the total mass of the curable resin components.
- the content of the polyphenylene ether compound is 10 to 90% by mass, not only is it excellent in heat resistance, etc., but it is also preferable in terms of obtaining a cured product that fully exhibits the excellent dielectric properties of the polyphenylene ether compound.
- Epoxy resins glycidyl ether-based epoxy resins obtained by glycidylating the above phenolic resins, alcohols, etc., 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, etc. Alicyclic epoxy resins, glycidylamine epoxy resins such as tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) and triglycidyl-p-aminophenol, and glycidyl ester epoxy resins.
- TGDDM tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane
- Amine resins diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, isophoronediamine, naphthalenediamine, aniline novolak, orthoethylaniline novolak, aniline resin obtained by reaction of aniline with xylylene chloride, aniline described in Japanese Patent No.
- Active alkene-containing resins Polycondensates of the above phenol resins and active alkene-containing halogen compounds (chloromethylstyrene, allyl chloride, methallyl chloride, acrylic acid chloride, allyl chloride, etc.), active alkene-containing phenols (2- allylphenol, 2-propenylphenol, 4-allylphenol, 4-propenylphenol, eugenol, isoeugenol, etc.) and halogen compounds (4,4'-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, 1,4 -Bis(chloromethyl)benzene, 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dibromobenzophenone, cyanuric chloride, etc.) polycondensates, epoxy resins or alcohols and substituted or non-substituted Polycondensates of substituted acrylates (acrylates,
- Isocyanate resins p-phenylene diisocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-xylene diisocyanate, m-xylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, etc.
- Aromatic diisocyanates areophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylene diisocyanate, norbornene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate and other aliphatic or alicyclic diisocyanates; one or more types of isocyanate monomers or an isocyanate trimerized from the above diisocyanate compound; a polyisocyanate obtained by a urethanization reaction between the above isocyanate compound and a polyol compound.
- Polyamide resin 1 selected from amino acids (6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, para-aminomethylbenzoic acid, etc.), lactams ( ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -undecanelactam, ⁇ -laurolactam) A polymer containing at least one species as main raw materials; or a polymer containing one or more diamines and one or more dicarboxylic acids as main raw materials.
- Diamines ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decanediamine, undecanediamine, dodecanediamine, tridecanediamine, tetradecanediamine, pentadecanediamine , hexadecanediamine, heptadecanediamine, octadecanediamine, nonadecanediamine, eicosanediamine, 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane, 2-methyl-1,8-diaminooctane; cyclohexanediamine, bis - Alicyclic diamines such as (4-aminocyclohexyl)methane and bis(3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl)methane; aromatic diamines such as xylylenediamine; Di
- Polyimide resin a polycondensate of the above diamine and tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)-3-methyl-cyclohexene-1,2 dicarboxylic acid anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2′,3 ,3′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2 ,2′,3,3′
- Cyanate ester resin A cyanate ester compound obtained by reacting a phenolic resin with cyanogen halide.
- Specific examples include dicyanatobenzene, tricyanatobenzene, dicyanatonaphthalene, dicyanatobiphenyl, 2, 2 '-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)methane, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-cyanatophenyl)methane, 2,2'-bis(3,5-dimethyl -4-cyanatophenyl)propane, 2,2'-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane, 2,2'-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)hexafluoropropane, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulfone , bis(4-cyanatophenyl) thioether, phenol novolak cyanate, and phenol/dicyclopentadiene cocondensate
- cyanate ester compounds whose synthesis method is described in JP-A-2005-264154 are particularly preferable as cyanate ester compounds because they are excellent in low hygroscopicity, flame retardancy and dielectric properties.
- the cyanate ester resin may be zinc naphthenate, cobalt naphthenate, copper naphthenate, lead naphthenate, zinc octylate, tin octylate, Catalysts such as lead acetylacetonate, dibutyltin maleate, and the like can also be included.
- the catalyst is usually used in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.10 parts by weight, preferably 0.00015 to 0.0015 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the curable resin composition.
- Active ester resin A compound having one or more active ester groups in one molecule can be used as a curing agent for a curable resin other than the maleimide resin of the present invention, such as an epoxy resin, if necessary.
- Active ester curing agents include compounds having two or more highly reactive ester groups per molecule, such as phenol esters, thiophenol esters, N-hydroxyamine esters, and esters of heterocyclic hydroxy compounds. preferable.
- the active ester curing agent is preferably obtained by a condensation reaction of at least one of a carboxylic acid compound and a thiocarboxylic acid compound and at least one of a hydroxy compound and a thiol compound.
- an active ester curing agent obtained from a carboxylic acid compound and a hydroxy compound is preferable, and an active ester curing agent obtained from a carboxylic acid compound and at least one of a phenol compound and a naphthol compound. agents are preferred.
- carboxylic acid compounds include benzoic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and pyromellitic acid.
- phenol compounds or naphthol compounds include hydroquinone, resorcinol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, phenolphthalin, methylated bisphenol A, methylated bisphenol F, methylated bisphenol S, phenol, o-cresol, m- cresol, p-cresol, catechol, ⁇ -naphthol, ⁇ -naphthol, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, dihydroxybenzophenone, trihydroxybenzophenone, tetrahydroxybenzophenone, phloroglucine, Benzenetriol, dicyclopentadiene-type diphenol compound, phenol novolak, and the like.
- dicyclopentadiene-type diphenol compound refers to a diphenol compound obtained by condensing one molecule of dicyclopentadiene with two molecules of phenol.
- the active ester curing agent include an active ester compound containing a dicyclopentadiene type diphenol structure, an active ester compound containing a naphthalene structure, an active ester compound containing an acetylated phenol novolac, and a benzoylated phenol novolac.
- “Dicyclopentadiene-type diphenol structure” represents a divalent structural unit consisting of phenylene-dicyclopentylene-phenylene.
- Active ester curing agents include, for example, active ester compounds containing a dicyclopentadiene type diphenol structure such as "EXB9451”, “EXB9460”, “EXB9460S”, “HPC-8000-65T”, “HPC- 8000H-65TM”, “EXB-8000L-65TM”, “EXB-8150-65T” (manufactured by DIC); “EXB9416-70BK” (manufactured by DIC) as an active ester compound containing a naphthalene structure; acetylated phenol novolac "DC808” (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) as an active ester compound containing "DC808” (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) as an active ester curing agent; "EXB-90
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can also be used in combination with a curing accelerator (curing catalyst) to improve curability.
- a curing accelerator curing catalyst
- Radical polymerization initiators that can be used include ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and acetylacetone peroxide, diacyl peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 1,3-bis-(t-butylperoxy Isopropyl)-benzene and other dialkyl peroxides, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, 1,1-di-t-butylperoxycyclohexane and other peroxyketals, ⁇ -cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t- Butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t
- the amount of the radical polymerization initiator to be added is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the curable resin composition. If the amount of the radical polymerization initiator used is too large, the molecular weight will not be sufficiently elongated during the polymerization reaction.
- a curing accelerator other than the radical polymerization initiator may be added or used together.
- curing accelerators include imidazoles such as 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol and 1,8-diaza-bicyclo ( 5,4,0) Tertiary amines such as undecene-7, phosphines such as triphenylphosphine, tetrabutylammonium salt, triisopropylmethylammonium salt, trimethyldecanylammonium salt, cetyltrimethylammonium salt, hexadecyltrimethyl Quaternary ammonium salts such as ammonium hydroxide, triphenylbenzylphosphonium salts, triphenylethylphosphonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts such as tetrabutylphosphon
- tin octylate zinc carboxylate (zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, zinc stearate, behene transition metal compounds (transition metal salts) such as zinc compounds such as zinc acid, zinc mystate) and zinc phosphate esters (zinc octyl phosphate, zinc stearyl phosphate, etc.);
- a blending amount of the curing accelerator is 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts of the epoxy resin.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can also contain a phosphorus-containing compound as a component for imparting flame retardancy.
- the phosphorus-containing compound may be of a reactive type or an additive type.
- Specific examples of phosphorus-containing compounds include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylylenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl-2,6-dixylylenyl phosphate, 1,3-phenylenebis ( dixylylenyl phosphate), 1,4-phenylenebis (dixylylenyl phosphate), 4,4'-biphenyl (dixylylenyl phosphate) and other phosphoric acid esters; 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa -phosphanes such as 10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and 10(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-o
- (phosphorus-containing compound)/(total epoxy resin) is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 (weight ratio). If it is less than 0.1, the flame retardance is insufficient, and if it is more than 0.6, there is a concern that the hygroscopicity and dielectric properties of the cured product may be adversely affected.
- a light stabilizer may be added to the curable resin composition of the present invention, if necessary.
- a hindered amine light stabilizer HALS
- HALS are not particularly limited, but representative ones include dibutylamine/1,3,5-triazine/N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- Polycondensation product of piperidyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine and N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)butylamine, dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy succinate -2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate, poly[ ⁇ 6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl ⁇ ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino ⁇ hexamethylene ⁇ (2,2,6,6-
- HALS hindered amine light stabilize
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can be blended with a binder resin as needed.
- binder resins include butyral resins, acetal resins, acrylic resins, epoxy-nylon resins, NBR-phenol resins, epoxy-NBR resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, and silicone resins. , but not limited to these.
- the blending amount of the binder resin is preferably within a range that does not impair the flame retardancy and heat resistance of the cured product, preferably 0.05 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 50 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the resin component. 0.05 to 20 parts by weight are used as needed.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may optionally contain fused silica, crystalline silica, porous silica, alumina, zircon, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, quartz powder, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconia. , powders such as aluminum nitride, graphite, forsterite, steatite, spinel, mullite, titania, talc, clay, iron oxide asbestos, glass powder, etc., or inorganic fillers made of spherical or pulverized powders. can be done.
- the amount of the inorganic filler used is usually 80 to 92% by mass, preferably 83 to 90% by mass in the curable resin composition. be.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can contain known additives as necessary.
- additives that can be used include polybutadiene and its modified products, modified acrylonitrile copolymers, polyphenylene ethers, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyimide, fluororesins, silicone gels, silicone oils, fillers such as silane coupling agents.
- Coloring agents such as surface treatment agents for materials, release agents, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, and phthalocyanine green.
- the amount of these additives to be added is preferably 1,000 parts by mass or less, more preferably 700 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the curable resin composition.
- Polybutadiene and modified products thereof polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polyethylene, fluororesins, and the like are preferred from the viewpoint of low water absorption and electrical properties.
- Polybutadiene and its modified products are preferred from the viewpoint of electrical properties, adhesion and low water absorption.
- butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR: RICON-100, RICON-181, RICON-184, all manufactured by Clay Valley, etc.), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers; styrene-butadiene Styrene copolymer (SBS), hydrogenated styrene butadiene styrene copolymer, styrene isoprene styrene copolymer (SIS), hydrogenated styrene isoprene styrene copolymer, hydrogenated styrene (butadiene/isoprene) styrene copolymer, etc.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymers
- SBS styrene-butadiene Styrene copolymer
- SIS styrene
- Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers and the like are included. These styrenic thermoplastic elastomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these high molecular weight substances, styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, hydrogenated styrene (butadiene/isoprene) styrene.
- Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers such as copolymers are preferred, particularly styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene (butadiene/isoprene)-styrene copolymers. Coalescing is more preferred because it has higher heat resistance and is less prone to oxidative degradation.
- the compatibility with the polyphenylene ether compound, low molecular weight components with a weight average molecular weight of about 50 to 1000, and oligomer components with a weight average molecular weight of about 1000 to 5000 will deteriorate, making it difficult to ensure mixing and solvent stability. Therefore, it is preferably about 10,000 to 300,000.
- compounds containing heteroatoms such as oxygen and nitrogen such as bismaleimide and polymaleimide
- they are mainly composed of hydrocarbons. It is difficult to ensure compatibility with low-polarity compounds such as compounds or compounds consisting only of hydrocarbons.
- the maleimide resin of the present invention does not itself have a skeleton design that actively introduces heteroatoms such as oxygen and nitrogen (there are few polar groups). It also has excellent compatibility with compounds composed only of hydrocarbons.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is obtained by uniformly mixing the above-mentioned respective components in a predetermined ratio, usually precured at 130 to 180 ° C. for 30 to 500 seconds, and further cured at 150 to 200 ° C. After curing for 2 to 15 hours at , the curing reaction proceeds sufficiently to obtain the cured product of the present invention. It is also possible to uniformly disperse or dissolve the components of the curable resin composition in a solvent or the like, remove the solvent, and then cure the composition.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention thus obtained has moisture resistance, heat resistance, and high adhesiveness. Therefore, the curable resin composition of the present invention can be used in a wide range of fields where moisture resistance, heat resistance and high adhesion are required. Specifically, it is useful as an insulating material, laminate (printed wiring board, BGA substrate, build-up substrate, etc.), sealing material, resist, and all other materials for electrical and electronic parts. In addition to molding materials and composite materials, it can also be used in fields such as paint materials, adhesives, and 3D printing. Particularly in semiconductor encapsulation, solder reflow resistance is beneficial.
- a semiconductor device has one sealed with the curable resin composition of the present invention.
- semiconductor devices include DIP (dual in-line package), QFP (quad flat package), BGA (ball grid array), CSP (chip size package), SOP (small outline package), TSOP (thin small outline package), and TQFP. (think quad flat package) and the like.
- the method of preparing the curable resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but each component may be mixed uniformly or may be prepolymerized.
- the maleimide resins of the present invention are prepolymerized by heating in the presence or absence of a catalyst and in the presence or absence of a solvent.
- a curing agent such as an epoxy resin, an amine compound, a maleimide compound, a cyanate ester compound, a phenol resin, an acid anhydride compound, and other additives may be added for prepolymerization. .
- Mixing or prepolymerization of each component is carried out by using, for example, an extruder, kneader, rolls, etc. in the absence of a solvent, and by using a reactor equipped with a stirrer in the presence of a solvent.
- the components are kneaded at a temperature within the range of 50 to 100° C. using a device such as a kneader, a roll, or a planetary mixer to obtain a uniform resin composition.
- the obtained resin composition is pulverized and then molded into a cylindrical tablet by a molding machine such as a tablet machine, or formed into granular powder or a powdery molding, or these compositions are placed on a surface support. It can also be melted and molded into a sheet having a thickness of 0.05 mm to 10 mm to form a curable resin composition molding.
- the obtained molded article becomes a non-sticky molded article at 0 to 20.degree.
- the resulting molded product can be molded into a cured product using a transfer molding machine or a compression molding machine.
- An organic solvent can be added to the curable resin composition of the present invention to form a varnish-like composition (hereinafter simply referred to as varnish).
- the curable resin composition of the present invention is dissolved in a solvent such as toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc. to form a varnish.
- a solvent such as toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.
- Polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, alumina fiber, paper, etc. is impregnated into a base material and heat-dried to obtain a prepreg, which is hot-press molded to obtain a cured product of the curable resin composition of the present invention. .
- the solvent is usually used in an amount of 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 70% by weight in the mixture of the curable resin composition of the present invention and the solvent.
- it is a liquid composition, it is also possible to obtain a curable resin cured product containing carbon fibers by, for example, the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method.
- the curable composition of the present invention can also be used as a modifier for film-type compositions. Specifically, it can be used to improve flexibility and the like in the B-stage.
- a film-type resin composition is obtained by applying the curable resin composition of the present invention as the curable resin composition varnish on a release film, removing the solvent under heating, and then performing B-stage. It is obtained as a sheet-like adhesive by This sheet-like adhesive can be used as an interlayer insulating layer in multilayer substrates and the like.
- a prepreg can be obtained by heating and melting the curable resin composition of the present invention, reducing the viscosity, and impregnating reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, and alumina fibers with the melted resin composition.
- reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, and alumina fibers with the melted resin composition.
- Specific examples thereof include glass fibers such as E glass cloth, D glass cloth, S glass cloth, Q glass cloth, spherical glass cloth, NE glass cloth, and T glass cloth, inorganic fibers other than glass, and poly paraphenylene terephthalamide (Kevlar®, manufactured by DuPont), wholly aromatic polyamides, polyesters; and organic fibers such as polyparaphenylene benzoxazole, polyimides and carbon fibers, but are particularly limited to these.
- the shape of the substrate is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, roving, chopped strand mat, and the like. Plain weave, Nanako weave, twill weave, and the like are known as weaving methods of woven fabric, and it is possible to appropriately select and use from these known methods depending on the intended use and performance.
- a woven fabric subjected to opening treatment or a glass woven fabric surface-treated with a silane coupling agent or the like is preferably used.
- the thickness of the base material is not particularly limited, it is preferably about 0.01 to 0.4 mm.
- a prepreg can also be obtained by impregnating reinforcing fibers with the varnish and heating and drying the varnish.
- the laminate of the present embodiment includes one or more prepregs.
- the laminate is not particularly limited as long as it comprises one or more prepregs, and may have any other layers.
- a method for producing a laminate generally known methods can be appropriately applied, and there is no particular limitation. For example, when molding a metal foil-clad laminate, a multi-stage press machine, a multi-stage vacuum press machine, a continuous molding machine, an autoclave molding machine, etc. can be used, and the above prepregs are laminated and heat-pressed to form a laminate. Obtainable.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 65 to 300°C, more preferably 120 to 270°C.
- the pressure to be applied is not particularly limited, but if the pressure is too high, it will be difficult to adjust the solid content of the resin in the laminate and the quality will not be stable. 2.0 to 5.0 MPa is preferable, and 2.5 to 4.0 MPa is more preferable, because it deteriorates.
- the laminate of the present embodiment can be suitably used as a metal-foil-clad laminate described later by including a layer made of metal foil. After cutting the prepreg into a desired shape and laminating it with copper foil or the like if necessary, the curable resin composition is heat-cured while applying pressure to the laminate by a press molding method, an autoclave molding method, a sheet winding molding method, or the like. Electrical and electronic laminates (printed wiring boards) and carbon fiber reinforcing materials can be obtained.
- the cured product of the present invention can be used for various purposes such as molding materials, adhesives, composite materials, and paints. Since the cured product of the curable resin composition according to the present invention exhibits excellent heat resistance and dielectric properties, it can be used as a sealing material for semiconductor elements, a sealing material for liquid crystal display elements, a sealing material for organic EL elements, and a printed wiring board. , electrical and electronic parts such as build-up laminates, and composite materials for lightweight and high-strength structural materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics and glass fiber reinforced plastics.
- GPC Gal permeation chromatography
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- GPC DGU-20A3R, LC-20AD, SIL-20AHT, RID-20A, SPD-20A, CTO-20A, CBM-20A (all manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
- Linking eluent Tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 0.5 ml/min.
- aromatic amine resin (A1) represented by the following formula (1-a).
- the aromatic amine resin (A1) had an amine equivalent of 185 g/eq and a softening point of 58.7°C.
- RI GPC analysis
- Example 1 Thermometer, cooling tube, 75 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-69, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000) 11.2 parts, 14.8 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 0.6 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 4 hours. After standing to cool, 10.3 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours. After allowing to cool, the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water.
- RK-69 styrene-maleic acid copolymer manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000
- FIG. 4 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 5 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 7.08 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 2 A flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer was charged with 75 parts of toluene, 11.2 parts of a styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA EF80, manufactured by Clay Valley, acid value: 120, Mw: 14400), Synthesis Example 1. 14.8 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in 1. and 0.6 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 4 hours. After standing to cool, 8.8 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours. After allowing to cool, the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water.
- SMA EF80 styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- FIG. 6 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 7 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 7.08 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 3 Thermometer, cooling tube, 75 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-69, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000) 11.2 parts, 11.2 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 0.6 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 3 hours. After standing to cool, 7.4 parts of maleic anhydride was added and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours. After standing to cool, 50 parts of toluene was added, and the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water. By distilling off the solvent under heating and reduced pressure, 26.3 parts of the target compound (M-3) was obtained as a brown solid resin (Mn: 1378, Mw: 2875).
- FIG. 8 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- Example 4 A flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer was charged with 75 parts of toluene, 9.4 parts of a styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA EF80, manufactured by Clay Valley, acid value: 120, Mw: 14400), Synthesis Example 1. 7.4 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in 1. and 0.3 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 2 hours. After standing to cool, 2.9 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours. After standing to cool, 100 parts of toluene was added, and the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water. By distilling off the solvent under heating and reduced pressure, the target compound (M-4) was obtained as a brown solid resin (Mn: 2186, Mw: 14502).
- FIG. 9 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- Example 5 Thermometer, cooling tube, 75 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-69, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000) 11.2 parts, 11.8 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, 5.1 parts of dimer diamine (Preamine: manufactured by Croda Japan), and 0.68 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110°C for 4 hours. rice field. After standing to cool, 10.3 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours.
- RK-69 styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- A1 aromatic amine
- Preamine manufactured by Croda Japan
- methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110°C for 4 hours. rice field. After standing to cool, 10.3 parts of maleic anhydride was added,
- FIG. 10 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 11 shows the 1H-NMR chart (deuterium chloroform) of the obtained compound. Signals derived from the maleimide group were observed at 6.82 (s) and 6.85 ppm (s) in the 1H-NMR chart.
- Example 6 Thermometer, cooling tube, 75 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-69, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000) 11.2 parts, 5.4 parts of dimer diamine (Preamine: manufactured by Croda Japan) and 0.2 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 3 hours. After standing to cool, 1.5 parts of maleic anhydride was added and the reaction was continued under reflux for 6 hours. After allowing to cool, the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water.
- RK-69 styrene-maleic acid copolymer manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000
- Preamine manufactured by Croda Japan
- methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 3 hours. After standing to cool
- FIG. 12 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 13 shows a 1H-NMR chart (heavy chloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.82 ppm (s) in the 1H-NMR chart.
- Example 7 Thermometer, cooling pipe, 75 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, 9.4 parts of styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140), 11.2 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 0.5 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 4 hours. After standing to cool, 7.4 parts of maleic anhydride was added and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours. After standing to cool, 100 parts of toluene was added, and the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water. By distilling off the solvent under heating and reduced pressure, 21.6 parts of the target compound (M-7) was obtained as a brown solid resin (Mn: 1834, Mw: 12628).
- FIG. 14 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- Example 8 Thermometer, cooling pipe, 101 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) 18.7 parts, 14.9 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 0.6 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 4 hours. After standing to cool, 8.8 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued under reflux for 16 hours. After standing to cool, 50 parts of toluene was added, and the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water. By distilling off the solvent under heating and reduced pressure, 35.2 parts of the target compound (M-8) was obtained as a brown solid resin (Mn: 2493, Mw: 19879). A GPC chart of the obtained compound is shown in FIG.
- Example 9 Thermometer, cooling tube, 75 parts of toluene in a flask equipped with a stirrer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-69, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000) 11.2 parts, 14.8 parts of the aromatic amine (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 0.6 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 110° C. for 4 hours. After standing to cool, 10.3 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued under reflux for 28 hours. After allowing to cool, the organic layer was washed 5 times with 100 parts of water.
- RK-69 styrene-maleic acid copolymer manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., acid value: 50, Mw: 3000
- FIG. 16 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- a maleimide resin (M-16) was obtained by completely distilling off at .
- the resulting maleimide resin (M-3) had a softening point of 100° C. and an acid value of 9 mgKOH/g.
- Example 10 75 parts of toluene, 25 parts of NMP, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) were placed in a flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer9. 4 parts, 14.9 parts of the aromatic amine (A2) obtained in Synthesis Example 2, and 0.3 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 115° C. for 2 hours. After standing to cool, 4.4 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours under reflux.
- RK-42 styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- FIG. 18 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.85 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 11 75 parts of toluene, 25 parts of NMP, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) were placed in a flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer9. 4 parts, 9.4 parts of the aromatic amine (A3) obtained in Synthesis Example 3, and 0.25 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 115° C. for 2 hours. After standing to cool, 4.4 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours under reflux.
- RK-42 styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- FIG. 19 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 20 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.85 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 12 75 parts of toluene, 25 parts of NMP, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) were placed in a flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer.18. 7 parts, 14.7 parts of the aromatic amine (A4) obtained in Synthesis Example 4, and 0.29 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 111° C. for 8 hours. After allowing to cool, 8.8 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued at 111°C for 2 hours.
- RK-42 styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- FIG. 21 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 22 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.87 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- A5 represented by the following formula (4-a) as a black liquid.
- A5 has an amine equivalent of 100.6 g/eq. Met.
- Example 13 75 parts of toluene, 25 parts of NMP, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) were placed in a flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer.18. 7 parts, 8.0 parts of the aromatic amine (A5) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, and 0.16 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 120° C. for 2 hours. After allowing to cool, 8.8 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued at 120°C for 6 hours.
- RK-42 styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- FIG. 23 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 24 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.85 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 14 A thermometer, a cooling tube, a flask equipped with a stirrer, 71.6 parts of toluene, 75 parts of NMP, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) 13.9 parts, 11.8 parts of an amine resin represented by the following formula (5-a) synthesized according to Synthesis Example 2 of JP-A-2009-001783, and 0.25 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and heated at 100°C. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 8 hours. After allowing to cool, 6.6 parts of maleic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued at 100°C for 2 hours.
- FIG. 26 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.85 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 15 75 parts of toluene, 25 parts of NMP, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (RK-42, manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140) were placed in a flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, and a stirrer.18. 7 parts, 11.3 parts of 4,4′-methylenebis(2-ethyl-6-methylaniline) (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 0.2 parts of methanesulfonic acid were charged and reacted at 120° C. for 2 hours.
- RK-42 styrene-maleic acid copolymer manufactured by Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., acid value: 60, Mw: 10140
- FIG. 27 shows a GPC chart of the obtained compound during the reaction.
- FIG. 28 shows a 1 H-NMR chart (deuterochloroform) of the obtained compound. A signal derived from a maleimide group was observed at 6.87 ppm (s) in the 1 H-NMR chart.
- Example 16-17 Comparative Examples 1-2
- Each material was blended at the ratio shown in Table 1, kneaded in a mortar, poured into a mold, cured at 220° C. for 1 hour, and various tests were conducted.
- Comparative Example 1 the proportions shown in Table 1 were blended, heated and melted and mixed in a metal container, poured into a mold as it was, transferred at 175 ° C., cured at 160 ° C. for 2 hours, and at 180 ° C. for 6 hours. let me
- ⁇ Permittivity test/dielectric loss tangent test> Using a 10 GHz cavity resonator manufactured by AET Co., Ltd., a test was conducted by the cavity resonator perturbation method. The sample size was 1.7 mm wide by 100 mm long, and the thickness was 1.7 mm.
- Dynamic viscoelasticity measuring instrument TA-instruments, DMA-2980 Measurement temperature range: -30 to 280°C Heating rate: 2°C/min Frequency: 10Hz
- Test piece size A piece cut into 5 mm x 50 mm was used (thickness is about 800 ⁇ m)
- NC-3000-L Biphenyl aralkyl type epoxy resin (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- GPH-65 Biphenyl aralkyl-type phenolic resin (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- 2E4MZ 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (curing accelerator, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd.)
- Examples 16 and 17 were excellent in high heat resistance and low dielectric properties.
- Example 18 to 31 Each material was blended in the ratio shown in Table 2, kneaded in a mortar, poured into a mold, cured at 220° C. for 1 hour, and various tests were performed.
- ⁇ SA-9000 Polyphenylene ether compound (manufactured by SABIC)
- Ricon-100 styrene-butadiene copolymer (manufactured by Clay Valley)
- Perkadox 14 thermal radical polymerization initiator (manufactured by Kayaku Noorion Co., Ltd.)
- the curable resin composition of the present invention and its cured product can be used as insulating materials for electrical and electronic parts (such as highly reliable semiconductor sealing materials), laminates (such as printed wiring boards, BGA substrates, and build-up substrates), and adhesives. (conductive adhesives, etc.), various composite materials including CFRP, paints, 3D printing, and other applications.
- electrical and electronic parts such as highly reliable semiconductor sealing materials
- laminates such as printed wiring boards, BGA substrates, and build-up substrates
- adhesives conductive adhesives, etc.
- various composite materials including CFRP, paints, 3D printing, and other applications.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体と、分子内に2つ以上アミノ基を含有する化合物と、無水マレイン酸と、を反応させて得られたマレイミド樹脂。
[2]
下記式(a)、(b)の繰り返し単位を持つ前項[1]に記載のマレイミド樹脂。
[3]
前記式(b)中、Xが下記式(A)~(P)のいずれか1種以上である前項[2]に記載のマレイミド樹脂。
[4]
前記式(b)中、Xが前記式(A)~(F)のいずれか1種以上である前項[3]に記載のマレイミド樹脂。
[5]
前記分子内に2つ以上アミノ基を含有する化合物が下記式(1)~(5)で表されるアミン化合物、およびダイマージアミンからなる群から選択されるいずれか1種以上である前項[1]に記載のマレイミド樹脂。
[6]
前項[1]から[5]のいずれか一項に記載のマレイミド樹脂を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物。
[7]
さらに、ラジカル重合開始剤を含有する前項[6]に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
[8]
さらに、ポリフェニレンエーテル化合物を含有する前項[6]または[7]に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
[9]
さらに、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体を含有する前項[6]から[8]のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
[10]
前項[1]から[5]のいずれか一項に記載のマレイミド樹脂、または前項[6]から[9]のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物。
前記ダイマージアミンとは、ダイマー酸の二つの末端カルボン酸基(-COOH)が、1級のアミノメチル基(-CH2-NH2)又はアミノ基(-NH2)に置換されてなるジアミンを意味する。ダイマージアミンとしては公知の市販品を用いてよい。市販品としては、クローダジャパン社製のプリアミン(登録商標)等が挙げられる。
前記例示した分子内に2つ以上アミノ基を有する化合物としては、ダイマージアミン、または下記式(A’)~(P’)のいずれか1種以上であるときが好ましく、下記式(A’)~(F’)のいずれかであるときがさらに好ましく、下記式(B’)であるときが特に好ましい。分子量分布を有するアミン化合物を用いることで耐熱性や溶剤溶解性を向上されることが可能であるためである。なお、これらは単独で用いても良いし、併用しても良い。
なお、式(E’)の繰り返し数の平均値pおよび、式(A’)、(B’)、(C’)、(D’)、(F’)の繰り返し数の平均値nは、式(A’)~(F’)で表される化合物のGPC測定により求められた数平均分子量(Mn)の値や各ピークのスライスデータの面積%(検出器:示差屈折率検出器)等から算出することができる。
具体的には、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体と、分子内に2つ以上アミノ基を有する化合物を触媒存在下、溶剤中でイミド化させる第1工程を経由し、第2工程として無水マレイン酸を追加添加し、マレイミド化させる方法で得ることができる。第1工程のイミド化においては、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体に含まれる酸無水物1モルに対し、アミン化合物のアミノ基を過剰に仕込むことで、反応工程中における三次元架橋によるゲル化を防ぐことができる。この場合、原料アミンのアミノ基のモル数(α)をスチレン-マレイン酸共重合体の酸無水物のモル数(β)で除した値(α/β)の好ましい範囲としては、1.1~20、好ましくは1.1~15、さらに好ましくは1.1~10である。アミンが上記範囲位以下ではゲル化が起こってしまうため製造が困難である。また上記範囲以上ではポリスチレン導入量が減少するため十分な電気特性向上が見込めない。使用する溶剤としては、例えばトルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族溶剤、シクロヘキサン、n-ヘキサンなどの脂肪族溶剤、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテルなどのエーテル類、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル系溶剤、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロペンタノンなどのケトン系溶剤などの非水溶性溶剤が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではなく、2種以上を併用しても良い。また、前記非水溶性溶剤に加えて非プロトン性極性溶剤を併用することもできる。例えば、ジメチルスルホン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、N-メチルピロリドンなどが挙げられ、2種以上を併用しても良い。非プロトン性極性溶剤を使用する場合は、併用する非水溶性溶剤よりも沸点の高いものを使用することが好ましい。反応の際、必要により、触媒として塩酸、燐酸、硫酸、蟻酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸のほか、塩化アルミニウム、塩化亜鉛等のルイス酸、活性白土、酸性白土、ホワイトカーボン、ゼオライト、シリカアルミナ等の固体酸、酸性イオン交換樹脂等を用いることができる。これらは単独でも二種以上併用しても良い。触媒の使用量は、使用されるアミン化合物のアミノ基1モルに対して通常0.1~0.8モルであり、好ましくは0.2~0.7モルである。触媒の使用量が多すぎると反応溶液の粘度が高すぎて攪拌が困難になる恐れがあり、少なすぎると反応の進行が遅くなる恐れがある。また、イミド化の助触媒としてはトリエチルアミン等の塩基性助触媒を単独もしくは併用することもできる。スルホン酸等を触媒とした場合、水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属で中和を行ってから抽出工程に進んでも良い。抽出工程についてはトルエンやキシレン等の芳香族炭化水素溶媒を単独で用いてもよいし、シクロヘキサンやトルエン等の非芳香族炭化水素を併用しても良い。抽出後、排水が中性になるまで有機層を水洗し、エバポレータ等を用いて溶剤を留去することで目的の分子内にポリスチレン構造を有するマレイミド樹脂を得ることができる。
使用できる重合禁止剤としては、フェノール系、イオウ系、リン系、ヒンダートアミン系、ニトロソ系、ニトロキシルラジカル系等の重合禁止剤が挙げられる。重合禁止剤は、本発明のマレイミド樹脂を合成するときに添加しても、合成後に添加してもよい。また、重合禁止剤は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。重合禁止剤の使用量は、樹脂成分100重量部に対して、通常0.008~1重量部、好ましくは0.01~0.5重量部である。これら重合禁止剤はそれぞれ単独で使用できるが、2種以上を組み合わせて併用しても構わない。本発明では、フェノール系、ヒンダートアミン系、ニトロソ系、ニトロキシルラジカル系が好ましい。
上記硬化性樹脂の使用量は、本発明のマレイミド樹脂に対して、好ましくは10質量倍以下、さらに好ましくは5質量倍以下、特に好ましくは3質量倍以下の質量範囲である。また、好ましい下限値は0.5質量倍以上、更に好ましくは1質量倍以上である。10質量倍以下であれば、本発明のマレイミド樹脂の耐熱性や誘電特性の効果を活かすことができる。
ポリフェニレンエーテル化合物の数平均分子量(Mn)は、500~5000であることが好ましく、2000~5000であることがより好ましく、2000~4000であることがより好ましい。分子量が500未満であると、硬化物の耐熱性としては充分なものが得られない傾向がある。また、分子量が5000より大きいと、溶融粘度が高くなり、充分な流動性が得られないため、成形不良となりやすくなる傾向がある。また、反応性も低下して、硬化反応に長い時間を要し、硬化系に取り込まれずに未反応のものが増加して、硬化物のガラス転移温度が低下し、硬化物の耐熱性が低下する傾向がある。
ポリフェニレンエーテル化合物の数平均分子量が500~5000であれば、優れた誘電特性を維持したまま、優れた耐熱性及び成形性等を発現させることができる。なお、ここでの数平均分子量は、具体的には、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー等を用いて測定することができる。
ジアミン:エチレンジアミン、トリメチレンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ペンタメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ヘプタメチレンジアミン、オクタメチレンジアミン、ノナメチレンジアミン、デカンジアミン、ウンデカンジアミン、ドデカンジアミン、トリデカンジアミン、テトラデカンジアミン、ペンタデカンジアミン、ヘキサデカンジアミン、ヘプタデカンジアミン、オクタデカンジアミン、ノナデカンジアミン、エイコサンジアミン、2-メチル-1,5-ジアミノペンタン、2-メチル-1,8-ジアミノオクタンなどの脂肪族ジアミン;シクロヘキサンジアミン、ビス-(4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(3-メチル-4-アミノシクロヘキシル)メタンなどの脂環式ジアミン;キシリレンジアミンなどの芳香族ジアミン等。
ジカルボン酸:シュウ酸、マロン酸、スクシン酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ウンデカン二酸、ドデカン二酸などの脂肪族ジカルボン酸;テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、2-クロロテレフタル酸、2-メチルテレフタル酸、5-メチルイソフタル酸、5-ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロテレフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロイソフタル酸などの芳香族ジカルボン酸;シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸などの脂環族ジカルボン酸;これらジカルボン酸のジアルキルエステル、およびジクロリド。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物:4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物、5-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロ-3-フラニル)-3-メチル-シクロヘキセン-1,2ジカルボン酸無水物、ピロメリット酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-ベンゼンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2’,3,3’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2’,3,3’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、メチレン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、1,1-エチリデン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、2,2’-プロピリデン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、1,2-エチレン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、1,3-トリメチレン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、1,4-テトラメチレン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、1,5-ペンタメチレン-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物 、チオ-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、スルホニル-4,4’-ジフタル酸二無水物、1,3-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)ベンゼン二無水物、1,3-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)ベンゼン二無水物、1,4-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)ベンゼン二無水物、1,3-ビス[2-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)-2-プロピル]ベンゼン二無水物、1,4-ビス[2-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)-2-プロピル]ベンゼン二無水物、ビス[3-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)フェニル]メタン二無水物、ビス[4-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)フェニル]メタン二無水物、2,2-ビス[3-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン二無水物、2,2-ビス[4-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン二無水物、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)ジメチルシラン二無水物、1,3-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン二無水物、2,3,6,7-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,5,6-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,4,9,10-ペリレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,6,7-アントラセンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,7,8-フェナントレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、エチレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物)、シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、シクロヘキサン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、シクロヘキサン-1,2,4,5-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビシクロヘキシルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、カルボニル-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、メチレン-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、1,2-エチレン-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、1,1-エチリデン-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、2,2-プロピリデン-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、オキシ-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、チオ-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、スルホニル-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、ビシクロ[2,2,2]オクト-7-エン-2,3,5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、rel-[1S,5R,6R]-3-オキサビシクロ[3,2,1]オクタン-2,4-ジオン-6-スピロ-3’-(テトラヒドロフラン-2’,5’-ジオン)、4-(2,5-ジオキソテトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,2-ジカルボン酸無水物、エチレングリコール-ビス-(3,4-ジカルボン酸無水物フェニル)エーテル、4,4’-ビフェニルビス(トリメリット酸モノエステル酸無水物)、9,9’-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)フルオレン二無水物。
また、特開2005-264154号公報に合成方法が記載されているシアネートエステル化合物は、低吸湿性、難燃性、誘電特性に優れているためシアネートエステル化合物として特に好ましい。
シアネートエステル樹脂は、必要に応じてシアネート基を三量化させてsym-トリアジン環を形成するために、ナフテン酸亜鉛、ナフテン酸コバルト、ナフテン酸銅、ナフテン酸鉛、オクチル酸亜鉛、オクチル酸錫、鉛アセチルアセトナート、ジブチル錫マレエート等の触媒を含有させることもできる。触媒は、硬化性樹脂組成物の合計質量100質量部に対して通常0.0001~0.10質量部、好ましくは0.00015~0.0015質量部使用する。
カルボン酸化合物としては、例えば、安息香酸、酢酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、ピロメリット酸等が挙げられる。
フェノール化合物又はナフトール化合物としては、例えば、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシン、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールS、フェノールフタリン、メチル化ビスフェノールA、メチル化ビスフェノールF、メチル化ビスフェノールS、フェノール、o-クレゾール、m-クレゾール、p-クレゾール、カテコール、α-ナフトール、β-ナフトール、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,6-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,6-ジヒドロキシナフタレン、ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、トリヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、フロログルシン、ベンゼントリオール、ジシクロペンタジエン型ジフェノール化合物、フェノールノボラック等が挙げられる。ここで、「ジシクロペンタジエン型ジフェノール化合物」とは、ジシクロペンタジエン1分子にフェノール2分子が縮合して得られるジフェノール化合物をいう。
活性エステル系硬化剤の好ましい具体例としては、ジシクロペンタジエン型ジフェノール構造を含む活性エステル化合物、ナフタレン構造を含む活性エステル化合物、フェノールノボラックのアセチル化物を含む活性エステル化合物、フェノールノボラックのベンゾイル化物を含む活性エステル化合物が挙げられる。中でも、ナフタレン構造を含む活性エステル化合物、ジシクロペンタジエン型ジフェノール構造を含む活性エステル化合物がより好ましい。「ジシクロペンタジエン型ジフェノール構造」とは、フェニレン-ジシクロペンチレン-フェニレンからなる2価の構造単位を表す。
活性エステル系硬化剤の市販品としては、例えば、ジシクロペンタジエン型ジフェノール構造を含む活性エステル化合物として、「EXB9451」、「EXB9460」、「EXB9460S」、「HPC-8000-65T」、「HPC-8000H-65TM」、「EXB-8000L-65TM」、「EXB-8150-65T」(DIC社製);ナフタレン構造を含む活性エステル化合物として「EXB9416-70BK」(DIC社製);フェノールノボラックのアセチル化物を含む活性エステル化合物として「DC808」(三菱化学社製);フェノールノボラックのベンゾイル化物を含む活性エステル化合物として「YLH1026」、「YLH1030」、「YLH1048」(三菱化学社製);フェノールノボラックのアセチル化物である活性エステル系硬化剤として「DC808」(三菱化学社製);リン原子含有活性エステル系硬化剤としてDIC社製の「EXB-9050L-62M」;等が挙げられる。
得られた成型体についてトランスファー成型機、コンプレッション成型機にて硬化物に成型することができる。
上記プリプレグを所望の形に裁断、必要により銅箔などと積層後、積層物にプレス成形法やオートクレーブ成形法、シートワインディング成形法などで圧力をかけながら硬化性樹脂組成物を加熱硬化させることにより電気電子用積層板(プリント配線板)や、炭素繊維強化材を得ることができる。
<ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)>
ポリスチレン標準液を用いてポリスチレン換算により重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)を算出した。
GPC:DGU-20A3R,LC-20AD,SIL-20AHT,RID-20A,SPD-20A,CTO-20A,CBM-20A(いずれも島津製作所製)
カラム:Shodex KF-603、KF-602x2、KF-601x2)
連結溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
流速:0.5ml/min.
カラム温度:40℃
検出:RI(示差屈折検出器)
カラム :Inertsil ODS-2(ジーエルサイエンス)
検出器 :UV 274nm
温度 :40℃
溶離液 :アセトニトリル/水
流量 :1.0ml/min
注入量 :5μl(濃度: 約10mg/6ml)
グラジエントプログラム
アセトニトリル/水
スタート 30/70 グラジエント →28分後 100/0 そのまま保持
温度計、冷却管、分留管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに窒素パージを施しながら、アニリン559部、α,α,α’,α’-テトラメチルベンゼンジメタノール291部(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)、トルエン360部を加え、35%塩酸水溶液63部を加え、攪拌を開始した。脱水により生成する水をトルエンとともに抜き出しながら内温を160℃まで昇温し、15時間反応させた。室温まで放冷し、抜き出したトルエンおよび水を系内へ戻し、30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液88部添加し、中和を施した。その後、廃液が中性になるまで有機層を水洗後濃縮し、下記式(1-a)で表される芳香族アミン樹脂(A1)を458部得た。芳香族アミン樹脂(A1)のアミン当量は185g/eq、軟化点は58.7℃であった。GPC分析(RI)により、n=1体は61%であり、HPLC分析によるn=1体中の4,4’-(1,3-フェニレンジイソプロピリデン)ビスアニリンは16.7%であるため、芳香族アミン樹脂中の4,4’-(1,3-フェニレンジイソプロピリデン)ビスアニリンは、10.2%であった。得られたアミン樹脂(A1)のGPCチャートを図1に示し、HPLCチャートを図2に示す。また、1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図3に示す。1H-NMRチャートの3.05-3.65ppmにアミノ基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-69、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:50、Mw:3000)11.2部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)14.8部、メタンスルホン酸0.6部を仕込み、110℃で4時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸10.3部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-1)を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1460、Mw:3239)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図4に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図5に示す。1H-NMRチャートの7.08ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA EF80、クレイバレー社製、酸価:120、Mw:14400)11.2部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)14.8部、メタンスルホン酸0.6部を仕込み、110℃で4時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸8.8部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-2)を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1556、Mw:14314)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図6に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図7に示す。1H-NMRチャートの7.08ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-69、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:50、Mw:3000)11.2部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)11.2部、メタンスルホン酸0.6部を仕込み、110℃で3時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸7.4部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、トルエン50部を加え、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-3)26.3部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1378、Mw:2875)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図8に示す。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA EF80、クレイバレー社製、酸価:120、Mw:14400)9.4部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)7.4部、メタンスルホン酸0.3部を仕込み、110℃で2時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸2.9部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、トルエン100部を加え、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-4)を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:2186、Mw:14502)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図9に示す。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-69、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:50、Mw:3000)11.2部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)11.8部、ダイマージアミン(プリアミン:クローダジャパン社製)5.1部、メタンスルホン酸0.68部を仕込み、110℃で4時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸10.3部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-5)26.1部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1444、Mw:2998)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図10に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図11に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.82(s)および6.85ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-69、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:50、Mw:3000)11.2部、ダイマージアミン(プリアミン:クローダジャパン社製)5.4部、メタンスルホン酸0.2部を仕込み、110℃で3時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸1.5部を加え、還流下6時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-6)14.1部を黄色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:3194、Mw:4677)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図12に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図13に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.82ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)9.4部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)11.2部、メタンスルホン酸0.5部を仕込み、110℃で4時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸7.4部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、トルエン100部を加え、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-7)21.6部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1834、Mw:12628)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図14に示す。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン101部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)18.7部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)14.9部、メタンスルホン酸0.6部を仕込み、110℃で4時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸8.8部を加え、還流下16時間反応を継続した。放冷後、トルエン50部を加え、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-8)35.2部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:2493、Mw:19879)。得られた化合物のGPCチャートを図15に示す。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-69、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:50、Mw:3000)11.2部、合成例1で得られた芳香族アミン(A1)14.8部、メタンスルホン酸0.6部を仕込み、110℃で4時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸10.3部を加え、還流下28時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。得られた有機層を反応容器に戻し、還流状態で30分かけて共沸脱水させた。メタンスルホン酸0.6部を加え、4時間反応を行った。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-9)27.3部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1619、Mw:3395)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図16に示す。
[比較合成例1]
温度計、冷却管、ディーンスターク共沸蒸留トラップ、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに無水マレイン酸147部とトルエン300部、メタンスルホン酸4部を仕込み、加熱還流状態とした。次に、芳香族アミン樹脂(A1)197部をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン95部とトルエン100部に溶解した樹脂溶液を、還流状態を保ちながら3時間かけて滴下した。この間、還流条件で共沸してくる縮合水とトルエンをディーンスターク共沸蒸留トラップ内で冷却・分液した後、有機層であるトルエンは系内に戻し、水は系外へ排出した。樹脂溶液の滴下終了後、還流状態を保ち、脱水操作をしながら6時間反応を行った。
反応終了後、水洗を4回繰り返してメタンスルホン酸及び過剰の無水マレイン酸を除去し、70℃以下の加熱減圧下においてトルエンと水の共沸により、水を系内から除去した。次いで、メタンスルホン酸2部を加え、加熱還流状態で2時間反応を行った。反応終了後、水洗水が中性になるまで4回水洗を繰り返したのち、70℃以下の加熱減圧下においてルエンと水の共沸により、水を系内から除去したのち、トルエンを加熱減圧下において完全に留去することによりマレイミド樹脂(M-16)を得た。得られたマレイミド樹脂(M-3)の軟化点は100℃、酸価は9mgKOH/gであった。
温度計、冷却管、ディーンスターク共沸蒸留トラップ、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに2,6-ジイソプロピルアニリン70.9部、α,α,α’,α’-テトラメチル-1,3-ベンゼンジメタノール272部、キシレン280部、活性白土70部を仕込み、キシレンおよび生成する水を除去しながら210℃まで昇温後、3時間反応させた。内温を140℃まで冷却後、2,6-ジイソプロピルアニリン212.7部を加え、220℃に昇温後、3時間反応させた。室温まで放冷後、抜き出したキシレンを戻し、濾過により活性白土を除去した。加熱減圧下濃縮し、下記式(2-a)で表される化合物(A2)330部を薄黄色固体として得た。A2のアミン当量は372.5g/eq.であった。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、NMP25部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)9.4部、合成例2で得られた芳香族アミン(A2)14.9部、メタンスルホン酸0.3部を仕込み、115℃で2時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸4.4部を加え、還流下2時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-10)25.4部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:2928、Mw:11540)。得られた化合物のGPCチャートを図17に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図18に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.85ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、ディーンスターク共沸蒸留トラップ、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに2,6-ジメチルアニリン48.5部、α,α,α’,α’-テトラメチル-1,3-ベンゼンジメタノール272部、トルエン200部、活性白土70部を仕込み、トルエンおよび生成する水を除去しながら210℃まで昇温後、3時間反応させた。内温を140℃まで冷却後、2,6-ジメチルアニリン145.4部を加え、220℃に昇温後、3時間反応させた。室温まで放冷後、抜き出したトルエンを戻し、濾過により活性白土を除去した。加熱減圧下濃縮し、下記式(2-b)で表される化合物(A3)281.4部を褐色固体として得た。A3のアミン当量は316.9g/eq.であった。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、NMP25部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)9.4部、合成例3で得られた芳香族アミン(A3)9.4部、メタンスルホン酸0.25部を仕込み、115℃で2時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸4.4部を加え、還流下2時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-11)24.0部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:2127、Mw:8411)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図19に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図20に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.85ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに2,6-ジイソプロピルアニリン220部、水1200部を加え攪拌を開始した。35%塩酸144部を内温30℃以下に制御しながら滴下した。内温96℃まで昇温後、37%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液48.7部を30分かけて滴下した。96℃で2時間反応後、室温まで放冷した。水酸化ナトリウム63.3部、トルエン200部を加え2時間攪拌し中和を施した。廃液が中性になるまで有機層を水洗し、加熱減圧下濃縮し、下記式(3-a)で表される化合物(A4)215部を褐色固体として得た。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、NMP25部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)18.7部、合成例4で得られた芳香族アミン(A4)14.7部、メタンスルホン酸0.29部を仕込み、111℃で8時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸8.8部を加え、111℃で2時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-12)20.2部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:2126、Mw:11527)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図21に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図22に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.87ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、ディーンスターク共沸蒸留トラップ、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにアニリン47.3部、35%塩酸水溶液25.3部を加え60℃に昇温した。37%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液を30分かけて滴下し、80℃で1時間反応させた。1時間かけて水を抜き出しながら128℃まで昇温し、30分反応させた。室温まで放冷後、30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液30.7部を滴下し、中和を施した。トルエン100部を加えた後、水100部で3回有機層を洗浄した。加熱減圧下濃縮を行い、下記式(4-a)で表される化合物(A5)15.6部を黒色液体として得た。A5のアミン当量は100.6g/eq.であった。n=1で表される構造の化合物の含有量はGPC面積%(RI)で81.5%であった。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、NMP25部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)18.7部、合成例5で得られた芳香族アミン(A5)8.0部、メタンスルホン酸0.16部を仕込み、120℃で2時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸8.8部を加え、120℃で6時間反応を継続した。放冷後、トルエン400部を加え、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-13)35.3部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:2011、Mw:22708)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図23に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図24に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.85ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン71.6部、NMP75部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)13.9部、特開2009-001783号公報の合成例2に従って合成した下記式(5-a)で表されるアミン樹脂11.8部、メタンスルホン酸0.25部を仕込み、100℃で8時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸6.6部を加え、100℃で2時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-14)20.2部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:3973、Mw:146462)。得られた化合物のGPCチャートを図25に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図26に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.85ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
温度計、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコにトルエン75部、NMP25部、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(RK-42、岐阜セラツク製造所社製、酸価:60、Mw:10140)18.7部、4,4’-メチレンビス(2-エチル-6-メチルアニリン)(東京化成社製)11.3部、メタンスルホン酸0.2部を仕込み、120℃で2時間反応させた。放冷後、無水マレイン酸8.8部を加え、120℃で6時間反応を継続した。放冷後、有機層を水100部で5回洗浄した。加熱減圧下において溶剤を留去することにより目的の化合物(M-15)35.3部を褐色固形樹脂として得た(Mn:1829、Mw:11101)。得られた化合物の反応時のGPCチャートを図27に示す。また、得られた化合物の1H-NMRチャート(重クロロホルム)を図28に示す。1H-NMRチャートの6.87ppm(s)にマレイミド基由来のシグナルが観測された。
表1に示す割合で各材料を配合し、乳鉢で混錬後、金型に流し込み、220℃で1時間硬化させ、各種試験を行った。なお、比較例1については表1に示す割合で配合し、金属容器中で加熱溶融混合してそのまま金型に流し込み、175℃でトランスファー成型後、160℃で2時間、180℃で6時間硬化させた。
(株)AET社製の10GHz空洞共振器を用いて、空洞共振器摂動法にてテストを行った。サンプルサイズは幅1.7mm×長さ100mmとし、厚さは1.7mmで試験を行った。
動的粘弾性測定器:TA-instruments、DMA-2980
測定温度範囲:-30~280℃
昇温速度:2℃/分
周波数:10Hz
試験片サイズ:5mm×50mmに切り出した物を使用した(厚みは約800μm)
Tg:tanδ(=損失弾性率/貯蔵弾性率)のピーク点をTgとした
・GPH-65:ビフェニルアラルキル型フェノール樹脂(日本化薬株式会社製)
・2E4MZ:2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール(硬化促進剤、四国化成社製)
表2に示す割合で各材料を配合し、乳鉢で混錬後、金型に流し込み、220℃で1時間硬化させ、各種試験を行った。
・Ricоn-100:スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体(クレイバレー社製)
・パーカドックス14:熱ラジカル重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン社製)
なお、本願は、2021年5月6日付で出願された日本国特許出願(特願2021-078279)に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。また、ここに引用されるすべての参照は全体として取り込まれる。
Claims (10)
- スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体と、分子内に2つ以上アミノ基を含有する化合物と、無水マレイン酸と、を反応させて得られたマレイミド樹脂。
- 前記式(b)中、Xが前記式(A)~(F)のいずれか1種以上である請求項3に記載のマレイミド樹脂。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のマレイミド樹脂を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、ラジカル重合開始剤を含有する請求項6に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、ポリフェニレンエーテル化合物を含有する請求項6または7に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体を含有する請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のマレイミド樹脂、または請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物。
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WO2023243516A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-12-21 | デンカ株式会社 | 反応性硬化剤 |
JP7534517B1 (ja) | 2023-03-23 | 2024-08-14 | 日本化薬株式会社 | マレイミド樹脂混合物、硬化性樹脂組成物およびその硬化物 |
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WO2024195766A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-23 | 2024-09-26 | 日本化薬株式会社 | マレイミド樹脂混合物、硬化性樹脂組成物、ワニスおよびその硬化物 |
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