WO2022220265A1 - サーチュイン又はクロトー活性化又は発現増強剤、nad+増加剤、及び老化細胞抑制剤 - Google Patents
サーチュイン又はクロトー活性化又は発現増強剤、nad+増加剤、及び老化細胞抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022220265A1 WO2022220265A1 PCT/JP2022/017713 JP2022017713W WO2022220265A1 WO 2022220265 A1 WO2022220265 A1 WO 2022220265A1 JP 2022017713 W JP2022017713 W JP 2022017713W WO 2022220265 A1 WO2022220265 A1 WO 2022220265A1
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- propenylcysteine
- salt
- klotho
- sirtuin
- nad
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- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
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- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
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- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
Definitions
- the present invention relates to agents used for activating or enhancing the expression of sirtuins or klotho, increasing NAD + , and suppressing senescent cells.
- Sirtuin and Klotho are known as molecules whose life span is extended by high expression in nematodes, flies, mammals, etc., and whose life span is shortened by deletion.
- Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent deacetylases whose genes are widely conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes. Deletion of Sir2, a sirtuin homolog of yeast and nematodes, shortens lifespan, and overexpression extends lifespan.
- SIRT1-7 sirtuins in mammals, among which SIRT1, which is most similar in structure and function to yeast Sir2, is involved in gene expression associated with aging, intracellular metabolism, energy consumption, inflammation and stress response.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Possibility of involvement in regulation of a wide range of cell functions such as pathways has been clarified (Non-Patent Document 1).
- sirtuins may be related to specific diseases.
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows that cognitive functions including immediate memory, classical conditioning, and spatial learning are impaired in SIRT1 knockout mice.
- overexpression of SIRT1 was found to exhibit ordered synaptic plasticity and memory. From this, it has been clarified that SIRT1 acts on normal learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide functions in vivo as a coenzyme for dehydrogenase and as a substrate for sirtuins. Also, increasing NAD + levels are known to increase the activity of sirtuins. NAD synthesis is controlled by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Since the function of NAMPT declines with age, it is known that the amount of NAD + decreases and the activity of sirtuins declines.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that administration of nicotinamide riboside, which is a precursor of NAD + , suppresses senescent cells in the brain.
- Klotho maintains phosphorus homeostasis as a receptor for fibroblast growth factor 23.
- CKD chronic kidney disease
- Cellular senescence is caused by excessive DNA damage caused by the accumulation of DNA replication errors accompanying cell division, oxidative stress, radiation, activation of oncogenes, etc., resulting in the activation of the p16/RB and p53/p21 pathways. It is a phenomenon in which irreversible cell cycle arrest occurs due to the induction of inhibitors of cyclin inhibitory kinases.
- Cells undergoing cellular senescence (senescent cells) accumulate in tissues due to accelerated cell senescence and reduced ability to eliminate mitochondria and immune functions associated with aging.
- Senescent cells accumulated in tissues secrete inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and the like called senescence-related secretory factors, which damage surrounding tissues and promote aging of tissues and living organisms.
- Non-Patent Document 5 removal of senescent cells has been suggested to prevent or delay tissue dysfunction and suppress aging.
- Non-Patent Document 6 it has been clarified that an increase in senescent cells is involved in renal damage.
- S-1-propenylcysteine is a cysteine derivative represented by the following formula (1), and is one of the sulfur-containing components that can be contained in Allium plants such as garlic.
- S-1-propenylcysteine has immunoregulatory action (Patent Document 1), hypotensive action (Patent Document 2), antioxidant action (Patent Document 3), blood flow improving action (Patent Document 4), and autophagy activation action. (Patent Document 5), and has been reported to have pharmacological effects such as periodontal disease prevention, treatment, or amelioration (Patent Document 6).
- Patent Document 1 S-1-propenylcysteine's activation of sirtuins and Klotho and its inhibition of senescent cells.
- the present invention relates to providing new uses for S-1-propenylcysteine, salts thereof, or compositions containing these.
- the present inventors have made various studies on the usefulness of S-1-propenylcysteine or salts thereof, and have found that S-1-propenylcysteine or salts thereof are excellent in sirtuin or Klotho activation, p16, p21 and p53 genes or The inventors have found that senescent cells that express proteins can be suppressed, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the following 1) to 26).
- a NAD + increasing agent that contains S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof and is administered to an animal.
- a senescent cell inhibitor containing S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof as an active ingredient 6) A non-cancer cell senescent cell inhibitor containing S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof and administered to an animal.
- a method for activating or enhancing expression of sirtuin or klotho comprising administering S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof to an animal in need thereof.
- a method of increasing NAD + comprising administering S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof to an animal in need thereof.
- a method for suppressing senescence of non-cancer cells comprising administering S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof to an animal in need thereof.
- novel uses of S-1-propenylcysteine, salts thereof, or compositions containing these can be provided.
- Fig. 1 shows sirtuin activation in the cerebral cortex by administration of S-1-propenylcysteine. **: Significant difference at 1% level compared to the control group.
- Fig. 2 shows changes in hippocampal SIRT1 protein level due to administration of S-1-propenylcysteine. *: Significant difference at the 5% level from the control group.
- Fig. 2 shows changes in hippocampal NAD + levels due to administration of S-1-propenylcysteine. **: Significant difference at 1% level compared to the control group.
- Fig. 2 shows changes in p53 protein, a senescent cell marker, in the hippocampus due to administration of S-1-propenylcysteine.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in the expression levels of SIRT1 and Klotho genes in the kidney due to administration of S-1-propenylcysteine. *: Significant difference at the 5% level from the control group.
- Fig. 2 shows changes in the expression levels of p16 and p21 genes, which are senescent cell markers in the kidney, due to administration of S-1-propenylcysteine. *: Significant difference at the 5% level from the control group.
- FIG. 1 shows changes in KIM-1 and NGAL gene protein levels, which are markers of renal damage in the kidney, due to administration of S-1-propenylcysteine.
- S-1-propenylcysteine has a cis or trans configuration as indicated by the wavy line in formula (1) below.
- S-1-propenylcysteine preferably has a large proportion of the trans form, and the proportion of the trans form is more preferably 50 to 100% when the total of the trans form and the cis form is taken as 100%. It is preferably 75 to 100%, more preferably 80 to 100%, even more preferably 90 to 100%.
- optical isomers which may be D-, L-, or racemic.
- the salt of S-1-propenylcysteine is a physiologically acceptable salt, and may be either an acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
- acid addition salts include (a) salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and (b) formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid.
- salts with organic carboxylic acids such as trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid
- salts with sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid
- base addition salts include, for example, (a) salts with alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, (b) salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, (c) ammonium salts, (d) trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl- ⁇ -phenethylamine, 1-ephenamine, N,N Salts with nitrogen-
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof can exist not only in an unsolvated form but also as a hydrate or solvate, and such a hydrate or solvate is optional depending on the manufacturing conditions. can exist as a crystalline form of Accordingly, the sulfur-containing compounds or salts thereof in the present invention include all stereoisomers, hydrates, solvates, and all polymorphic crystalline or amorphous forms.
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof can be obtained by organic synthesis techniques ([1] Tetrahedron Letter, 1975, 37, 3201-3202; [2] Synthesis, 2006, 20, 3367-3369; [3 ] Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2011, 32(1), 319-320).
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof can be obtained by processing plants of the genus Allium by various methods. For example, a method for obtaining S-1-propenylcysteine by reacting a heat-treated plant of the genus Allium with an enzyme containing protease or lactase derived from Bacillus subtilis (Patent No.
- a method of obtaining S-1-propenylcysteine by coexisting an enzyme having gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or glutaminase activity in garlic Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-144571
- a method of inoculating garlic with yeast and fermenting it to obtain S-1-propenylcysteine Korean Patent No. 2010-072874-5
- a method to obtain S-1-propenylcysteine by aging an Allium plant in an aqueous ethanol solution for one month or longer International Publication No. 2016/088892, Molecules. 2017;22: 570.
- Allium plants belonging to the genus Allium include garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) and green onion (Allium fistulosum L.). . These plants may be used singly or in combination.
- the allium genus plant is raw, or if necessary, the outer skin is removed, cut or shredded, or powdered, and a solvent that can be used in the production of medicines and foods is used. can be used. Examples of the solvent include water, alcohol, and a solvent added with an acid or basic substance.
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof of the present invention is not only isolated and purified, but also a crude product, the above plant or a processed product thereof, S-1-propenylcysteine or S-1-propenylcysteine obtained by extraction from the above plant.
- a fraction enriched in its salt content can be used. For example, as shown below, 1) a plant belonging to the genus Allium is extracted in a 10-50% ethanol aqueous solution at 0-80°C for one month or more (step 1), and 2) the resulting extract is subjected to solid-liquid separation. After that, the ethanol-eluted fraction is collected (step 2), so that it can be obtained.
- the ethanol aqueous solution used in step 1) can be a 10-50% ethanol aqueous solution, preferably adjusted to an ethanol concentration of 20-40%.
- the treatment temperature can be set in the range of 0 to 80.degree. C., preferably 10 to 60.degree. C., more preferably 20 to 40.degree.
- the treatment period can be at least one month or longer under the above conditions, preferably 1 to 20 months, more preferably 1 to 10 months.
- this step can be performed in an airtight, sealed, or airtight container in consideration of sanitation, volatilization of ethanol, etc., but it is preferable to use a sealed container.
- step 2) the extract obtained in step 1) is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the ethanol-eluted fraction is collected.
- an extracted fraction containing a sulfur-containing compound or a salt thereof can be obtained.
- the extract fraction can be used as it is, but can also be used after being dried by spray drying or the like as appropriate.
- isolation of S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof from the extract fraction containing S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof may be performed by dialysis using a dialysis membrane having a molecular exclusion size of 3000 to 4000, if necessary. It can be carried out by appropriately combining adsorption/separation using a cation exchange resin, normal phase chromatography or reversed phase chromatography for separation and purification.
- adsorption/separation using a cation exchange resin is adsorbed on a cation exchange resin (e.g., Amberlite (Dow Chemical Co.), DOWEX (Dow Chemical Co.), DIAION (Mitsubishi Chemical Co.), etc.). and eluting with 0.1 to 3N aqueous ammonia.
- a cation exchange resin e.g., Amberlite (Dow Chemical Co.), DOWEX (Dow Chemical Co.), DIAION (Mitsubishi Chemical Co.), etc.
- Normal phase chromatography includes, for example, a method of using a silica gel column and eluting with a chloroform/methanol/water mixture or the like.
- Reversed-phase chromatography includes, for example, a method of using an octadecylsilyl column and eluting with a 0.01 to 3% aqueous formic acid solution.
- the ethanol extraction fraction is dialyzed (dialysis membrane: molecular exclusion size 3000 to 4000), then adsorbed on a cation exchange resin, eluted with 0.5 to 2N aqueous ammonia, and the eluate is filtered through silica gel.
- Column chromatography (solvent: chloroform/methanol/water mixture) to collect fractions containing the desired product, followed by preparative reverse phase column chromatography (solvent: 0.1-0.5% formic acid aqueous solution) and recovering the target object.
- the S-1-propenylcysteine obtained by the above steps 1) and 2) has a ratio of the trans isomer of approximately 70 to 90% when the sum of the trans and cis isomers is 100%.
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof in the present invention for example, the LD50 value of dilute ethanol extract of garlic (extract content 14.5%, alcohol number 1.18), which is one of the raw materials, is oral, intraperitoneal and 50 ml/kg or more for any subcutaneous administration route (The Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 1984; 9:57.) and Allium genus plants such as garlic and onions are commonly used as foods, etc. It is generally of low toxicity due to
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof increased SIRT1 activity in the cerebral cortex of senescent mice.
- repeated administration for 2 weeks increased the expression of SIRT1 in hippocampus and kidney.
- NAD + a function that enhances the function of sirtuins
- S-1-propenylcysteine, a salt thereof, or a composition containing these can be a sirtuin or klotho activator or expression enhancer.
- S-1-propenylcysteine or a salt thereof suppressed cells expressing senescent cell markers p16 and p21 in the kidney and p53 in the hippocampus. Therefore, S-1-propenylcysteine, salts thereof, or compositions containing these can be senescent cell inhibitors.
- sirtuin and klotho activation or expression enhancement have common mechanisms, S-1-propenylcysteine, a salt thereof, or a composition containing these , as a sirtuin or klotho activator or expression enhancer, NAD + increasing agent, or senescent cell inhibitor to act in the kidney and brain.
- the sirtuin or klotho activator or expression enhancer and senescent cell inhibitor of the present invention are used for the prevention, treatment, or improvement of symptoms caused by low activity or low expression of sirtuin or klotho, or symptoms caused by an increase in senescent cells.
- renal disorders there are diseases in which KIM-1 and NGAL are highly expressed, acute renal disorders, diabetic nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome and the like.
- Cognitive/memory disorders include neurological disorders of the cerebral cortex or hippocampus, learning disorders, memory disorders (including short-term and long-term), and the like.
- sirtuin or klotho activator or expression enhancer and senescent cell inhibitor of the present invention are used for the prevention, treatment, or improvement of symptoms or diseases such as renal impairment, cognitive/memory impairment (including short-term and long-term), etc. may be used for
- sirtuin means a sirtuin protein and its homologues.
- Human sirtuins 1 to 7 (SIRT1 to 7) are known, but SIRT1 is preferred in the present invention.
- Klotho is meant the Klotho protein and its homologues. ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ are known for human Klotho, but ⁇ -Klotho is preferred in the present invention.
- sirtuin or klotho activation includes, for example, increasing the amount of sirtuin or klotho activity.
- sirtuin or Klotho expression enhancement means that transcription products of sirtuin or Klotho genes and/or sirtuin or Klotho proteins are increased, for example, activation of gene transcription and/or translation, transcription products and/or Improving protein stability, inhibiting transcript and/or proteolytic degradation, and the like are included.
- cellular senescence refers to a phenomenon in which cells undergo irreversible cell cycle arrest. Cellular senescence has been observed, for example, in brain cells (eg, hippocampal cells, cerebral cortical cells), renal cells. “Senescent cell inhibition” refers to one or both of removing senescent cells and preventing or delaying cellular senescence. The p16, p21 and p53 genes are known as molecular markers for DNA damage that causes cellular senescence. more preferred. In addition, senescent cells can be suppressed more effectively by enhancing immune function.
- sirtuin or klotho activator and senescent cell inhibitor of the present invention may be in the form of pharmaceuticals or foods, or may be in the form of materials or preparations added thereto.
- Such foods include foods with the concept of activating sirtuins or Klotho or suppressing senescent cells, and where necessary, foods with explanations and indications based on their functions, functional foods, foods with function claims, foods for the sick, and specified foods. Health foods and dietary supplements (supplements) are included.
- the dosage form of the medicament S-1-propenylcysteine is preferably a dosage form suitable for oral administration.
- Specific formulations for oral administration include tablets, capsules, fine granules, pills, and granules as solid agents, and emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups as liquid agents, and the like. morphology.
- Such pharmaceutical formulations are obtained by appropriately blending the sulfur-containing compound of the present invention or a salt thereof with excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, pH adjusters, etc., if necessary. , can be prepared according to a conventional method.
- dosage form of the drug is not particularly limited, and dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration, such as intravenous (injection, catheter), transmucosal (liquid or ointment), and agents suitable for intracranial administration (catheter) may be in the form
- the form of the S-1-propenylcysteine food is not particularly limited, and can take various forms such as solid food, semi-liquid food, gel-like food, tablets, caplets, capsules, etc. More specifically, it can be in the form of various foods such as confectionery, beverages, seasonings, processed marine foods, processed meat foods, breads, and health foods. Such foods can be produced by conventional methods by appropriately blending the food materials used for producing these foods with the sulfur-containing compound or salt thereof of the present invention.
- the above medicines or foods can contain other substances involved in sirtuin or klotho activation, expression enhancement, and senescent cell suppression, such as resveratrol and nicotinamide mononucleotide.
- vitamins, lipids, minerals that relieve inflammation such as vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, hesperidin, ⁇ -lipoic acid, glutathione, coenzyme Q10, zinc, magnesium, omega 3 It can contain fatty acids and the like.
- the preferred daily intake of the above medicine or food varies depending on factors such as the subject to be ingested, the form of ingestion, the types of materials and additives to be ingested at the same time, the interval between ingestions, etc.
- the daily intake is preferably 0.001 to 10 mg/kg, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mg/kg. Also, if desired, this daily dose can be divided into 2 to 4 times and ingested.
- Targets for administration or intake include organisms with reduced activity or expression of sirtuin or klotho, or organisms with increased senescent cells, but may also be healthy organisms without these.
- the organisms are not limited to the animals described so far, but also include plants, fungi (including yeast), nematodes, cells (which may be derived from the above animals or plants), but animals are preferred.
- Such animals include vertebrates (preferably rodents and primates), fish, birds, insects and reptiles, especially rodents (especially rats and mice) and primates (especially humans and monkeys). preferable.
- Examples include humans suffering from renal disorders and cognitive/memory disorders, or animals (for example, humans) who wish to prevent such diseases, but healthy organisms are also preferred.
- Plant sirtuins have been suggested to be involved in genome instability, protection of cells from oxidative damage, gametogenesis, fruit development and maturation, leaf senescence, and regulation of photosynthetic activity (Front Plant Sci. 2018 Jul 5;9:961.).
- Plants are not particularly limited, but for example, eggplants such as tomatoes, green peppers, peppers, and eggplants; melons such as cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, and watermelons; raw and spicy vegetables such as celery, parsley, and lettuce; , green onions such as garlic, beans such as soybeans, peanuts, green beans, peas, adzuki beans, other fruit vegetables such as strawberries, tap roots such as radish, turnips, carrots, burdock, taro, cassava, potato, sweet potato, Chinese yam, etc.
- eggplants such as tomatoes, green peppers, peppers, and eggplants
- melons such as cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, and watermelons
- raw and spicy vegetables such as celery, parsley, and lettuce
- green onions such as garlic
- beans such as soybeans, peanuts, green beans, peas, adzuki beans
- other fruit vegetables such as strawberries
- tap roots such as radish, turnips, carrots, burdock, taro, cas
- Potatoes soft vegetables such as asparagus, spinach, Japanese honeywort, flowering plants such as lisianthus, stock, carnations, chrysanthemums, grains such as rice and corn, grasses such as bentgrass and Kouraishiba, oils such as rapeseed and sunflower Crops, sugar crops such as sugar cane and sugar beet, fiber crops such as cotton and rush, fodder crops such as clover, sorghum and dent corn, deciduous fruit trees such as apples, pears, grapes and peaches, mandarin oranges , citrus fruits such as lemons and grapefruits, and woody plants such as azaleas, azaleas and cedars.
- Dosage forms for administration to plants include powders, granules, granules, wettable powders, flowables, emulsions and pastes. It may be directly administered to the plant, or indirectly administered via soil, hydroponic solution or culture medium. Specific examples include soil treating agents, foliage treating agents, pre-sowing seed treating agents, pre-transplanting plant treating agents, plant treating agents at the time of transplanting, hydroponic solutions, media, and the like.
- Production Example 2 Isolation of S-1-propenylcysteine from the ethanol-extracted fraction of garlic (1)
- the ethanol-extracted fraction of garlic obtained in Production Example 1 was placed in a dialysis tube with a pore size of 3500 and dialyzed against purified water. did The dialysate was passed through a cation exchange resin Dowex 50Wx8 (H+), and the resin was thoroughly washed with purified water. Amino acids adsorbed on the resin were eluted with 2N ammonia and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate was applied to a silica gel column and subjected to column chromatography using a chloroform/methanol/water mixture as solvent.
- Fractions containing the desired product were collected and concentrated.
- the concentrate was dissolved in water and chromatographed using a preparative reverse phase column (octadecylsilyl column) with 0.1% formic acid as a solvent to collect the desired product and remove the solvent by freeze-drying.
- Test Example Sirtuin or Klotho Activating Action (1) Sample Preparation A test solution for evaluating biological activity was prepared as follows. When evaluating biological activity, all test solutions were prepared just before use. (a) About 5 mg of S-1-propenylcysteine (cis/trans mixture) produced in Production Example 2 was precisely weighed and dissolved in 10 mL of purified water to prepare an administration solution. (b) About 6 mg of S-1-propenylcysteine (cis/trans mixture) produced in Production Example 2 was accurately weighed and dissolved in 1 mL of the culture medium. This solution was used as a stock solution, diluted appropriately and used for in vitro tests.
- a SIRT1_GLO kit manufactured by Promega was purchased to measure sirtuin activity.
- the cerebral cortex lysate was placed in a 96-well plate, various reaction reagents were added, and then luciferase luminescence intensity was measured using a plate reader.
- SIRT1 activation in vivo: A single dose of the sample prepared in (1)(a) was orally administered to the animal for evaluation test in (2) above, and then the cerebral cortex was excised 15, 30, 60 and 180 minutes later. The cerebral cortex was solubilized by adding a cell lysate after crushing using an automatic tissue crusher. Centrifugation was performed and sirtuin activity in the supernatant was measured. The results are shown in FIG. Sirtuin activity increased 180 minutes after administration of S-1-propenylcysteine. (Fig. 3)
- SIRT1 protein increasing action (in vivo): After repeated oral administration of the sample prepared in (1)(a) above for 2 weeks using the animal for evaluation test in (2) above, the hippocampus was excised. After the hippocampus was disrupted using an automatic tissue disrupter, the cells were lysed with RIPA cell lysis buffer (Millipore) diluted 10-fold with purified water containing a mixed protease/phosphatase inhibitor (Thermo Fisher Scientific). After dissolution, it was centrifuged (10000 rpm, 10 minutes, 4° C.) and the supernatant was used as a cell extract. This cell extract was used for analysis by Western blotting according to a standard method.
- Anti-SIRT1 antibody (manufactured by Biolegend) and anti- ⁇ -actin antibody (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were used as antibodies. The results are shown in FIG. S-1-propenylcysteine increased SIRT1 protein abundance.
- NAD + amount increasing effect (in vivo): A single dose of the sample prepared in (1)(a) was orally administered to the animal for evaluation test described in (2) above, and 180 minutes later, the cerebral cortex was excised. In addition, the samples prepared in (1)(a) above were mixed with food using the evaluation test animals of (2) above, and the animals were fed for one month, after which the cerebral cortex was excised. The amount of NAD + in the cerebral cortex was measured using NAD + /NADH Assay Kit manufactured by Dojindo Laboratories. The results are shown in FIG. S-1-propenylcysteine increased NAD + levels.
- cell senescence marker p53 protein expression suppression effect in hippocampus (in vivo): After repeatedly orally administering the sample prepared in (1)(a) above for 6 weeks using the animal for evaluation test in (2) above, the hippocampus was excised. After the hippocampus was crushed using an automatic tissue disrupter, the cells were lysed with Millipore's RIPA cell lysis buffer diluted 10-fold with purified water containing a Roche protease inhibitor and a phosphatase inhibitor. After centrifugation (10000 rpm, 10 minutes, 4° C.), the supernatant was used as a cell extract. This cell extract was used for analysis by Western blotting according to a standard method.
- Anti-p53 antibody manufactured by Protein Tech
- anti- ⁇ -actin antibody manufactured by Medical and Biological Laboratories
- S-1-propenylcysteine decreased p53 protein abundance.
- Senescent cell marker p16 and p21 gene expression inhibitory action in the kidney (in vivo): After repeatedly orally administering the sample prepared in (1)(a) above for 2 weeks using the animal for evaluation test in (2) above, the kidney was excised. The kidney was disrupted using an automatic tissue disrupter, and then RNA was extracted using a TRIzol solution manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. cDNA was synthesized using the PRIMEscript RT reagent Kit with gEraser manufactured by TAKARA. Real-Time PCR was performed on the synthesized cDNA using KAPA SYBR Fast qPCR kit manufactured by Nippon Genetics. The results are shown in FIG. S-1-propenylcysteine reduced p16 and p21 gene-expressing cells in the kidney of senescent mice.
- kidney injury inhibitory action (in vivo) After repeatedly orally administering the sample prepared in (1)(a) above for 2 weeks using the animal for evaluation test in (2) above, the kidney was excised. After crushing the kidneys using an automatic tissue disrupter, the cells were lysed with Millipore's RIPA cell lysis buffer diluted 10-fold with purified water containing Roche's protease inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors. After centrifugation (10000 rpm, 10 minutes, 4° C.), the supernatant was used as a cell extract. This cell extract was used for analysis by Western blotting according to a standard method.
- Antibodies are kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) antibody (manufactured by R & D system) and lipocalin-2 (NGAL) antibody (manufactured by Proteintech), which is a marker of renal damage, and anti-GAPDH antibody (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. ) was used. The results are shown in FIG. S-1-propenylcysteine reduced KIM-1 and NGAL.
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Abstract
Description
また、近年、サーチュインは特定の疾患との関係の可能性も明らかにされている。例えば、非特許文献2にはSIRT1のノックアウトマウスでは即時記憶、古典的条件付け及び空間学習を含む認知機能が低下した。逆に、SIRT1の過剰発現は規則正しいシナプス可塑性と記憶を示すことが認められた。このことから、SIRT1が正常な学習、記憶、シナプス可塑性に作用することが明らかにされている。
1)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を有効成分とするサーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強剤。
2)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を含有し、動物に投与されて、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に用いられる剤。
3)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を有効成分とするNAD+増加剤。
4)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を含有し、動物に投与されるNAD+増加剤。
5)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を有効成分とする老化細胞抑制剤。
6)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を含有し、動物に投与される、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制剤。
7)p16、p21又はp53遺伝子の発現細胞を抑制する、5)又は6)記載の老化細胞抑制剤。
8)腎臓、及び脳からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の器官に作用させるための1)~7)のいずれか1項記載の剤。
9)食品添加剤又は食品の形態である、1)~8)のいずれか1項記載の剤。
10)サーチュイン又はクロトーの低活性又は低発現に起因する症状、又は老化細胞の蓄積に起因する症状の予防、治療又は改善のために用いられる、1)~9)のいずれか1項記載の剤。
11)腎障害、及び認知/記憶障害から選ばれる症状若しくは疾患の予防、治療又は改善のために用いられる1)~10)のいずれか1項記載の剤。
12)サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
13)動物に投与されて、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に用いられる剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
14)NAD+増加剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
15)動物に投与されるNAD+増加剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
16)老化細胞抑制剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
17)動物に投与される、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
18)サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
19)動物に投与されて、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に用いられる、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
20)NAD+増加に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
21)動物に投与されて、NAD+増加に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
22)老化細胞抑制に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
23)動物に投与されて、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
24)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を、それを必要とする動物に投与する、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強方法。
25)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を、それを必要とする動物に投与する、NAD+増加方法。
26)S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を、それを必要とする動物に投与する、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制方法。
また、システイン構造中に不斉炭素が存在することから光学異性体が存在するが、D体、L体あるいはラセミ体のいずれであってもよい。
また、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩は、アリウム属植物を種々の方法で加工することにより得ることができる。例えば、加熱処理したアリウム属植物に、Bacillus subtilis由来のプロテアーゼ又はラクターゼを含む酵素を作用させS-1-プロペニルシステインを得る方法(特許第6105871号公報)、アリウム属の植物の搾汁又は抽出物にガンマグルタミルトランスペプチダーゼ又はグルタミナーゼ活性を有する酵素を共存させS-1-プロペニルシステインを得る方法(特開2015-144571号公報)、ニンニクに酵母を接種し発酵させS-1-プロペニルシステインを得る方法(韓国特許第2010-072874-5号)、アリウム属植物をエタノール水溶液中で1ヵ月以上熟成し、S-1-プロペニルシステインを得る方法(国際公開第2016/088892号、Molecules. 2017;22:570.)等が挙げられる。
ここで、陽イオン交換樹脂を用いた吸着・分離は、陽イオン交換樹脂(例えば、アンバーライト(ダウ・ケミカル社)、DOWEX(ダウ・ケミカル社製)、DIAION(三菱化学製)等)に吸着させ、0.1~3Nのアンモニア水で溶出させる方法が挙げられる。
順相クロマトグラフィーとしては、例えばシリカゲルカラムを用いて、クロロフォルム/メタノール/水混合物等で溶出させる方法が挙げられる。
逆相クロマトグラフィーとしては、例えばオクタデシルシリルカラムを用いて、0.01~3%ギ酸水溶液等で溶出させる方法が挙げられる。
上記工程1)及び2)によって得られるS-1-プロペニルシステインは、トランス体の割合が、トランス体とシス体の合計を100%とした場合に、大凡70~90%である。
また、後記試験例に示すように、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩は、老化細胞のマーカーであるp16及びp21を腎臓で、p53を海馬で発現した細胞を抑制した。よって、S-1-プロペニルシステイン、その塩又はこれらを含有する組成物は老化細胞抑制剤となり得る。
サーチュイン及びクロトーの活性化又は発現増強、老化細胞抑制、及びNAD+増加は、互いに共通する機構を有するという技術常識を考慮すると、S-1-プロペニルシステイン、その塩又はこれらを含有する組成物は、腎臓及び脳において作用させるための、サーチュイン又はクロトー活性化又は発現増強剤、NAD+増加剤、又は老化細胞抑制剤として使用し得る。
これらの症状は、特に限定されないが、腎障害又は認知/記憶障害であってよい。腎障害の中でも、KIM-1及びNGALが高発現する疾患、急性腎障害、糖尿病性腎症、ネフローゼ症候群等が挙げられる。認知/記憶障害の中でも、大脳皮質又は海馬の神経障害、学習障害、記憶障害(短期及び長期を含む。)等が挙げられる。
SIRT1又はクロトーの機能低下や細胞老化の亢進は、既に述べたように、腎障害、認知/記憶障害等の症状や疾患に関わっているとされている(非特許文献2、4、6)。したがって、本発明のサーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強剤及び老化細胞抑制剤は、腎障害、認知/記憶障害(短期及び長期を含む。)等の症状若しくは疾患の予防、治療又は改善のために用いられてよい。
「クロトー」とは、クロトータンパク質及びそのホモログを意味する。ヒトのクロトーには、α、β、γが知られているが、本発明においてはα-クロトーが好ましい。
「サーチュイン又はクロトー発現増強」とは、サーチュイン又はクロトー遺伝子の転写産物及び/又はサーチュイン又はクロトータンパク質が増加することであって、例えば、遺伝子の転写及び/又は翻訳の活性化、転写産物及び/又はタンパク質の安定性の向上、転写産物及び/又はタンンパク質分解の阻害等、が包含される。
p16、p21及びp53遺伝子は、細胞老化を引き起こすDNA損傷の分子マーカーとして知られているが、本発明の老化細胞抑制剤は、細胞老化を促進するミトコンドリアの機能不全やDNA損傷を抑制するものがより好ましい。また、免疫機能を高めることにより老化細胞をより効果的に抑制することができる。
ただし、当該医薬の剤形は、特に限定されず、非経口に適した剤形、例えば、静脈内(注射、カテーテル)、経粘膜(液剤又は軟膏)、頭蓋内投与(カテーテル)に適した剤形であってもよい。
斯かる食品は、これらの食品を通常製造する場合に用いられる食品素材と、本発明の含硫化合物又はその塩を適宜配合し、常法により製造することができる。
植物は、特に限定されないが、例えば、トマト、ピーマン、トウガラシ、ナス等のナス類、キュウリ、カボチャ、メロン、スイカ等のウリ類、セルリー、パセリー、レタス等の生菜・香辛菜類、ネギ、タマネギ、ニンニク等のネギ類、ダイズ、ラッカセイ、インゲン、エンドウ、アズキ等の豆類、イチゴ等のその他果菜類、ダイコン、カブ、ニンジン、ゴボウ等の直根類、サトイモ、キャッサバ、バレイショ、サツマイモ、ナガイモ等の芋類、アスパラガス、ホウレンソウ、ミツバ等の柔菜類、トルコギキョウ、ストック、カーネーション、キク等の花卉類、イネ、トウモロコシ等の穀物類、ベントグラス、コウライシバ等の芝類、ナタネ、ヒマワリ等の油料作物類、サトウキビ、テンサイ等の糖料作物類、ワタ、イグサ等の繊維料作物類、クローバー、ソルガム、デントコーン等の飼料作物類、リンゴ、ナシ、ブドウ、モモ等の落葉性果樹類、ウンシュウミカン、レモン、グレープフルーツ等の柑橘類、サツキ、ツツジ、スギ等の木本類が挙げられる 。
植物に投与する剤形としては、粉剤、顆粒剤、粒剤、水和剤、フロアブル剤、乳剤及びペースト剤等が挙げられる。植物に対し、直接投与してもよく、土壌、水耕液又は培地を介して間接的に投与してもよい。具体的には、土壌処理剤、茎葉処理剤、播種前の種子処理剤、移植前植物の処理剤及び移植時の植物に対する処理剤等、水耕液、培地等が挙げられる。
外皮を取り除いたニンニク鱗茎約1kgと約1000mLの30%エタノールを容器に入れ密閉した。この容器を室温で1~10ヶ月放置し、適宜攪拌した。この混合物から固体と液体を分離し、液体をスプレードライによって乾燥させ、黄褐色の粉末を得た。
(1)製造例1で得られたニンニクのエタノール抽出画分をポアサイズ3500の透析チューブに入れ、精製水に対して透析を行った。透析外液を陽イオン交換樹脂Dowex50Wx8(H+)に通じ、精製水で樹脂を良く洗浄した。樹脂に吸着したアミノ酸類を2Nのアンモニアで溶出させ、減圧濃縮した。濃縮物をシリカゲルカラムに付し、クロロフォルム/メタノール/水混合物を溶媒としてカラムクロマトグラフィーを行った。目的物(S-1-プロペニルシステイン)を含む画分を回収し、濃縮した。濃縮物を水に溶解し、分取用逆相カラム(オクタデシルシリルカラム)を用いて、0.1%ギ酸を溶媒としてクロマトグラフィーを行い、目的物を回収し溶媒を凍結乾燥によって取り除いた。得られた凍結乾燥物は、NMR(溶媒:重水)及び質量分析装置にて、構造を以下に示す標準物質から得られたスペクトルと比較し、トランス-S-1-プロペニルシステインとシス-S-1-プロペニルシステイン(トランス体:シス体=8:2)の混合物であることを確認した。
1H-NMR (500 MHz, in D2O-NaOD, δ): 1.76 (d, 3H, J = 7.0 Hz), 2.98 (dd, 1H, J = 7.5, 14.5 Hz), 3.14 (dd, 1H, J = 4.5, 14.5 Hz) 3.69 (dd, 1H, J = 4.5, 7.5Hz), 5.10-5.14 (m, 1H), 6.02(d, 1H, J = 15.5 Hz);
13C-NMR (125 MHz, in D2O-NaOD, δ): 17.61, 33.53, 53.70, 119.92, 132.12, 172.73,
HRMS: observed [M+H]+ = 162.0583, calculated [M+H] + = 162.0581
1H-NMR (500 MHz, in D2O, δ): 1.74 (d, 3H, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.21 (dd, 1H, J = 7.5, 15.0 Hz), 3.31 (dd, 1H, J = 4.5, 15.0 Hz), 3.95 (dd, 1H, J = 4.5, 7.5 Hz), 5.82-5.86 (m, 1H), 6.01(d, 1H, J = 9.5 Hz);
13C-NMR (125 MHz, in D2O-NaOD, δ): 13.89, 33.88, 54.16, 122.58, 127.78, 172.63.
HRMS: observed [M+H] + = 162.0580, calculated [M+H] + = 162.0581
製造例1(1)で得られたニンニクのエタノール抽出画分を500mgから1g容器に取り、内部標準としてS-n-3-ブテニルシステインの20mM塩酸溶液を加え、20mM塩酸にて20mLとした。良く攪拌した後、一部を取り1750Gにて遠心分離を約10分間行った。得られた上清を一部取り、遠心式ろ過ユニット(Amicon Ultra、cutoff:3000)を用いて遠心ろ過を行った(15000rpm、10分)。得られたろ過物20μLを取り、AccQ・Tag Derivatization Kit(Waters)を用いて誘導体化をおこなった。別途、標準化合物を20mM塩酸に溶解し、試料と同様の操作を行い、検量線用標準液を調製した。試料溶液及び標準液をAcquity UPLCシステム(Waters)にてクロマトグラフィーを行い、含量を求めた。その結果、S-1-プロペニルシステインは、3.7±0.3mg/g乾燥物であった。
サーチュイン又はクロトー活性化作用
(1)試料の調製
生物活性を評価するための被検液の調製を以下の通り行った。生物活性評価に際し、被検液はいずれも用時調製を行った。
(a)製造例2で製造したS-1-プロペニルシステイン(シス/トランス混合物)を約5mg精密に量り取り、精製水10mLに溶解し、投与液とした。
(b)製造例2で製造したS-1-プロペニルシステイン(シス/トランス混合物)を約6mg精密に量り取り、培養液1mLに溶解した。この液を原液とし、適宜希釈してin vitro試験に供した。
生物活性を評価するための動物を以下のように飼育した。試験用老化促進マウスSAMP8(雄性)を日本エスエルシーより購入した。購入後、1週間の順化を行い、評価試験用動物とした。
ヒト神経芽細胞株SH-SY5Y細胞を10%ウシ胎児血清、抗生物質ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン溶液を添加したダルベッコ改変イーグル培地で培養し、評価試験用細胞とした。
サーチュインの活性を測定するためにプロメガ社製のSIRT1_GLOキットを購入した。大脳皮質の溶解液を96穴プレートに入れ、各種反応試薬を添加したのちにプレートリーダーによりルシフェラーゼの発光強度を測定した。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を単回経口投与した後、15、30、60、180分後に大脳皮質を摘出した。大脳皮質は組織自動破砕機を用いて破砕後に細胞溶解液を加え可溶化した。遠心分離を行い、その上清中のサーチュインの活性を測定した。結果を図1に示す。
S-1-プロペニルシステインを投与180分後にサーチュイン活性が増加した。(図3)
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を2週間反復経口投与した後、海馬を摘出した。海馬は組織自動破砕機を用いて破砕後にサーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製のプロテアーゼ/ホスファターゼ混合型阻害剤を添加した精製水で10倍に希釈したミリポア社製のRIPA細胞溶解用緩衝液により細胞を溶解した後、遠心(10000rpm、10分、4℃)し、上清を細胞抽出液とした。この細胞抽出液を用いて定法に従いウエスタンブロッティング法により解析した。抗体は、抗SIRT1抗体(Biolegend社製)、及び抗β-アクチン抗体(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)を用いた。結果を図2に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは、SIRT1タンパク質量を増加させた。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を単回経口投与した180分後に大脳皮質を摘出した。また、上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を餌に混ぜ、1カ月間摂餌した後、大脳皮質を摘出した。大脳皮質中のNAD+量は同仁化学研究所製NAD+/NADH Assay Kitを用いて測定した。結果を図3に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは、NAD+量を増加させた。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を6週間反復経口投与した後、海馬を摘出した。海馬は組織自動破砕機を用いて破砕後にロシュ社製のプロテアーゼ阻害剤及びホスファターゼ阻害剤を添加した精製水で10倍に希釈したミリポア社製のRIPA細胞溶解用緩衝液により細胞を溶解した後、遠心(10000rpm、10分、4℃)し、上清を細胞抽出液とした。この細胞抽出液を用いて定法に従いウエスタンブロッティング法により解析した。抗体は、抗p53抗体(プロテインテック社製)、及び抗β-アクチン抗体(医学生物学研究所製)を用いた。結果を図4に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは、p53タンパク質量を減少させた。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を2週間反復経口投与した後、腎臓を摘出した。腎臓は組織自動破砕機を用いて破砕後にサーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製のTRIzol溶液を用いてRNAを抽出した。TAKARA社製のPRIMEScript RT reagent Kit with gEraserを用いて、cDNAを合成した。合成したcDNAを日本ジェネティクス社製のKAPA SYBR Fast qPCRキットを用いてReal-Time PCRを行った。結果を図5に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは、マウス腎臓においてSIRT1及びクロトー遺伝子の発現を増加させた。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を2週間反復経口投与した後、腎臓を摘出した。腎臓は組織自動破砕機を用いて破砕後にサーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製のTRIzol溶液を用いてRNAを抽出した。
TAKARA社製のPRIMEScript RT reagent Kit with gEraserを用いて、cDNAを合成した。合成したcDNAを日本ジェネティクス社製のKAPA SYBR Fast qPCRキットを用いてReal-Time PCRを行った。結果を図6に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは、老化促進マウスの腎臓においてp16及びp21遺伝子発現した細胞を減少させた。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を2週間反復経口投与した後、腎臓を摘出した。腎臓は組織自動破砕機を用いて破砕後にロシュ社製のプロテアーゼ阻害剤及びホスファターゼ阻害剤を添加した精製水で10倍に希釈したミリポア社製のRIPA細胞溶解用緩衝液により細胞を溶解した後、遠心(10000rpm、10分、4℃)し、上清を細胞抽出液とした。この細胞抽出液を用いて定法に従いウエスタンブロッティング法により解析した。抗体は、腎障害のマーカーである腎臓障害分子(KIM-1)抗体(R&D system社製)及びリポカリンー2(NGAL)抗体(プロテインテック社製)、及び抗GAPDH抗体(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)を用いた。結果を図7に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは、KIM-1及びNGALを低下させた。
上記(2)の評価試験用動物を用いて上記(1)(a)で調製した試料を餌に混ぜ、4カ月間摂餌した後、受動回避試験を行った。受動回避試験はマウスが暗い場所を好む習性を利用した試験で、初日に、明室に入れたマウスが暗室に移動すると電気刺激を受ける(50V・1秒間)暗室に移動するまでの時間を獲得試行の反応潜時とした。2か月後、再びマウスを明室に入れ、暗室への移動時間(保持試行の反応潜時)を記憶の指標とする評価方法である。結果を図8に示す。S-1-プロペニルシステインは加齢による認知・記憶機能低下を改善した。
Claims (26)
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を有効成分とするサーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強剤。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を含有し、動物に投与されて、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に用いられる剤。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を有効成分とするNAD+増加剤。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を含有し、動物に投与されるNAD+増加剤。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を有効成分とする老化細胞抑制剤。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を含有し、動物に投与される、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制剤。
- p16、p21又はp53の発現細胞を抑制する、請求項5又は6記載の老化細胞抑制剤。
- 腎臓、及び脳からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の器官に作用させるための請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の剤。
- 食品添加剤又は食品の形態である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の剤。
- サーチュイン又はクロトーの低活性又は低発現に起因する症状、又は老化細胞の蓄積に起因する症状の予防、治療又は改善のために用いられる、請求項1~9のいずれか1項記載の剤。
- 腎障害、及び認知/記憶障害から選ばれる症状若しくは疾患の予防、治療又は改善のために用いられる請求項1~10のいずれか1項記載の剤。
- サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
- 動物に投与されて、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に用いられる剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
- NAD+増加剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
- 動物に投与されるNAD+増加剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
- 老化細胞抑制剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
- 動物に投与される、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制剤を製造するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩の使用。
- サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
- 動物に投与されて、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強に用いられる、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
- NAD+増加に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
- 動物に投与されて、NAD+増加に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
- 老化細胞抑制に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
- 動物に投与されて、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制に使用するための、S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を、それを必要とする動物に投与する、サーチュイン又はクロトーの活性化又は発現増強方法。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を、それを必要とする動物に投与する、NAD+増加方法。
- S-1-プロペニルシステイン又はその塩を、それを必要とする動物に投与する、非がん細胞の老化細胞抑制方法。
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AU2022257469A AU2022257469A1 (en) | 2021-04-13 | 2022-04-13 | Sirtuin or klotho activator or expression enhancer, nad+ increasing agent, and senolytic agent |
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WO2024080323A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-04-18 | 湧永製薬株式会社 | サーチュイン活性化又は発現増強剤、nad+増加剤、及び老化細胞抑制剤 |
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