WO2022219953A1 - イオン交換体およびイオン交換体の製造方法、白金族金属イオン担持触媒および炭素-炭素結合形成方法 - Google Patents
イオン交換体およびイオン交換体の製造方法、白金族金属イオン担持触媒および炭素-炭素結合形成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022219953A1 WO2022219953A1 PCT/JP2022/008803 JP2022008803W WO2022219953A1 WO 2022219953 A1 WO2022219953 A1 WO 2022219953A1 JP 2022008803 W JP2022008803 W JP 2022008803W WO 2022219953 A1 WO2022219953 A1 WO 2022219953A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ion exchanger
- carbon
- ion
- group
- platinum group
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 97
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 302
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- -1 platinum group metal complex ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010485 C−C bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 97
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 75
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 72
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 49
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 42
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 36
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 29
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 13
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 12
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 5
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OVRKATYHWPCGPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyloxane Chemical compound CC1CCOCC1 OVRKATYHWPCGPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 4
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloroprop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IYSVFZBXZVPIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-(4-ethenylphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IYSVFZBXZVPIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004744 butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C)C(C=C)=CC=C21 QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005968 1-Decanol Substances 0.000 description 2
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGQVZLSNEBEHFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)benzonitrile Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C#N ZGQVZLSNEBEHFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFHOSZAOXCYAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)(C)OC PFHOSZAOXCYAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CCC(O)=O)C#N VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001743 benzylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002094 inorganic tetrachloropalladate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012450 pharmaceutical intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920003251 poly(α-methylstyrene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- BIWQNIMLAISTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 BIWQNIMLAISTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGRNEGLBSNLPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dichloro-3-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound ClC=CC(C)CCCCl PGRNEGLBSNLPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYECURVXVYPVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 WYECURVXVYPVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCZZSANNLWPGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-phenylphenyl)ethanone Chemical group C1=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QCZZSANNLWPGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORPVVAKYSXQCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Br ORPVVAKYSXQCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIRPMPKSZHNMST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XIRPMPKSZHNMST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOJKKXRJMXIKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitro-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YOJKKXRJMXIKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUMKBAHMPRLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OUMKBAHMPRLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFMPMSCZPVNPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1C#N AFMPMSCZPVNPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-n-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]propanamide Chemical compound BrCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJUZRXYOEPSWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloromethyl methyl ether Chemical compound COCCl XJUZRXYOEPSWMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMF Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003477 Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006161 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005427 anthranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOSZYDNAURUMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J azane;platinum(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+4] FOSZYDNAURUMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AYLLMOCGNIKXAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;dichloroplatinum Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[NH2-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+2] AYLLMOCGNIKXAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940061627 chloromethyl methyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003493 decenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004664 distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DHTDMAC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006125 ethylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003703 image analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003392 indanyl group Chemical group C1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021432 inorganic complex Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005064 octadecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [K+].CCCC[O-] CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGJADVGJIVEEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;phenoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZGJADVGJIVEEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MMRXYMKDBFSWJR-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Rh+3] MMRXYMKDBFSWJR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhodium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[Rh+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYRXRHOISWEUST-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Ru+3] WYRXRHOISWEUST-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulphite Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/04—Processes using organic exchangers
- B01J41/05—Processes using organic exchangers in the strongly basic form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
- B01J35/59—Membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
- B01J31/10—Ion-exchange resins sulfonated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
- B01J35/57—Honeycombs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/638—Pore volume more than 1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/643—Pore diameter less than 2 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/653—500-1000 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/16—Organic material
- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J39/20—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/12—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B37/00—Reactions without formation or introduction of functional groups containing hetero atoms, involving either the formation of a carbon-to-carbon bond between two carbon atoms not directly linked already or the disconnection of two directly linked carbon atoms
- C07B37/04—Substitution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
- C07C17/263—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/14—Preparation of nitro compounds by formation of nitro groups together with reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/45—Monoamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/45—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
- C07C45/48—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation involving decarboxylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/828—Platinum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/08—Copolymers of styrene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion exchanger, a method for producing the ion exchanger, a platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and a carbon-carbon bond forming method for performing a reaction to generate a carbon-carbon bond using the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. Regarding the method.
- Ion exchange reactions are important in the purification of water, sugar solutions, etc., and in the synthesis process of chemical products such as pharmaceutical intermediates, etc., and ion exchangers such as ion exchange resins are used.
- ion exchangers such as ion exchange resins are used.
- organic solvents such as 2-propanol containing polyvalent metal ions.
- the above platinum group metal catalysts have often been used in a homogeneous system and have exhibited high catalytic activity, but there are problems such as the difficulty of recovering the catalyst and the contamination of the product with the metal that is the catalyst. rice field. Therefore, a heterogeneous catalyst has been developed in which the catalyst is supported on a carrier to facilitate the recovery of the catalyst and reduce the metal contamination of the product. - Methods for forming carbon bonds have also been developed.
- Patent Document 2 reports a method of continuously forming carbon-carbon bonds using a catalyst in which palladium is supported on a porous silica carrier, but does not disclose an actual reaction example.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose a method of forming a carbon-carbon bond using a catalyst in which a platinum group metal is supported on the wall surface of a microchannel having a width of 1 mm and a depth of 20 ⁇ m.
- water is not used as a solvent, and the reaction substrate solution is passed only at a flow rate of 1 ⁇ m / min, which poses problems in terms of environmental load and production efficiency. .
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports a method of continuously forming carbon-carbon bonds in a column filled with a catalyst in which palladium is supported on an organic carrier, but requires complex chemical transformations to obtain an organic carrier. In addition, although the reason is not clear, it is necessary to mix a large amount of diatomaceous earth when using a palladium-supported catalyst.
- the present inventors have developed a catalyst in which a platinum group metal is supported on a non-particulate organic ion exchanger having three-dimensionally continuous pores. It has been reported that it exhibits high catalytic activity in aqueous solvents in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions.
- JP 2017-119233 A Japanese Patent No. 5638862 Japanese Patent No. 5255215 JP 2008-212765 A JP 2014-015420 A JP 2016-190853 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ion exchanger that shrinks less when in contact with an organic solvent in a water-wet state, and a method for producing the ion exchanger.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst capable of performing a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction in a high yield even in aromatic bromides, and carbon-carbon bond formation using the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. It is to provide a method.
- R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted carbon number 1 to 6 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted amino groups, cyano groups , or benzyl groups optionally substituted with nitro groups; 4 represents an alkyl group, L represents a linker moiety, and Polymer represents a polymer chain.
- L in general formula (1) is preferably a methylene group.
- the polymer chain of the ion exchanger is preferably a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer.
- the ion exchanger is a non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger, consists of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase, the thickness of the continuous skeleton is in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, The average diameter of the continuous pores is in the range of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, the total pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 50 mL/g, and the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is 1 to 9 mg equivalent. /g, and the ion exchange groups are preferably distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger.
- the present invention has the general formula (2) (In the formula, L represents a linker site, Polymer represents a polymer chain, X represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted benzene represents a sulfonyl group.)
- a polymer chain represented by General formula (3) (In the formula, R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted carbon number 1 to 6 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted amino groups, cyano groups , or benzyl groups optionally substituted with nitro groups; represents the alkyl group of 4.)
- L in general formula (1) is preferably a methylene group.
- the polymer chain of the ion exchanger is preferably a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer.
- the ion exchanger is a non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger, consists of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase, and the thickness of the continuous skeleton is in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of the continuous pores is in the range of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m
- the total pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 50 mL / g
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is 1 It is preferably in the range of ⁇ 9 mg equivalent/g, and the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger.
- the present invention is a platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst in which at least one of platinum group metal ions and platinum group metal complex ions is supported on the ion exchanger.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger has macropores connected to each other and a continuous macropore structure having common openings with an average diameter in the range of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m in the walls of the macropores.
- the total pore volume is in the range of 1 to 50 mL / g
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent / g
- the ion exchange group is the organic porous It is preferably distributed in the ion exchanger.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger has an average particle size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, in which organic polymer particles aggregate to form a three-dimensionally continuous skeleton portion. It has three-dimensionally continuous pores with an average diameter in the range of 20 to 100 ⁇ m between the skeletons, the total pore volume is in the range of 1 to 10 mL / g, and the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g, and the ion exchange groups are preferably distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger is a continuous macropore structure in which bubble-like macropores overlap each other, and the overlapped portions are openings having an average diameter of 30 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the total pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL / g
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent / g
- the ion exchange groups are in the organic porous It is distributed in the ion exchanger, and in the SEM image of the cross section of the continuous macropore structure, the skeleton portion area appearing in the cross section is preferably in the range of 25 to 50% of the image area.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger contains crosslinked structural units in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 mol% in all structural units into which ion exchange groups are introduced.
- a three-dimensionally continuous skeleton having a thickness in the range of 1 to 60 ⁇ m, and three-dimensionally continuous pores having an average diameter in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m between the skeletons.
- the total pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL / g, and the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent / g It is preferable that the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger consists of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase
- the skeleton consists of a plurality of particles with a diameter in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ m fixed to the surface.
- a plurality of projections with a size in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ m formed on the surface of the skeleton of the body or the organic porous body, and the average diameter of the continuous pores is in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL/g
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g
- the ion exchange groups are in the organic porous ion exchanger. preferably distributed in the
- the supported amount of at least one of the platinum group metal ions and platinum group metal complex ions is in the range of 0.01 to 10.0% by mass in terms of platinum group metal atoms. preferable.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group optionally substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. is preferred.
- R 1 in general formula (1) is preferably a dodecyl group or a benzyl group.
- R 2 and R 3 in general formula (1) are each independently preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 2 and R 3 in general formula (1) are preferably methyl groups.
- the present invention provides (1) a reaction between an aromatic halide and an organic boron compound, (2) a reaction between an aromatic halide and a compound having a terminal alkynyl group, or (3) a reaction between an aromatic halide and an alkenyl group.
- introducing into the filled container from the introduction route of the filled container passing the raw material solution through the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and discharging the reaction solution from the discharge route of the filled container.
- the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of an inorganic base.
- the raw material solution (i), the raw material solution (ii), or the raw material solution (iii) is an inorganic base in which the raw material and the inorganic base are dissolved in water or a hydrophilic solvent.
- the raw material solution for dissolution of an inorganic base which is a raw material solution for dissolution, is introduced into the filled container through an introduction route of the filled container filled with the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and is introduced into the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. It is preferable that the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction is carried out by passing the inorganic base-dissolved raw material solution and discharging the reaction solution from the discharge path of the filling container.
- the raw material solution (i), the raw material solution (ii), or the raw material solution (iii) is a hydrophobic solvent raw material solution in which raw materials are dissolved in a hydrophobic organic solvent.
- a mixture of the hydrophobic solvent raw material liquid and the inorganic base aqueous solution in which the inorganic base is dissolved is introduced into the filled container through the introduction route of the filled container filled with the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. , passing the hydrophobic solvent raw material solution and the inorganic base aqueous solution through the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and discharging the reaction solution from the discharge route of the filled container, thereby forming a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction It is preferable to
- an ion exchanger that shrinks less when in contact with an organic solvent in a water-wet state, and a method for producing the ion exchanger.
- a platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst capable of performing a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction in a high yield even in aromatic bromides, and carbon-carbon bond formation using the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst can provide a method.
- FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a first example monolith morphology
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a second example monolith morphology
- FIG. FIG. 11 is an SEM photograph of a third example monolith morphology
- FIG. 4 is a diagram obtained by transferring a skeleton portion appearing as a cross section of the SEM photograph of FIG. 3
- FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a fourth example monolith morphology
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the co-continuous structure of the fourth monolith and weakly basic monolith ion exchanger.
- FIG. 10 is an SEM photograph of an example morphology of monolith intermediate (4).
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a projection;
- FIG. 10 is a SEM photograph of a morphological example of a monolith of No. 5-1.
- FIG. 1 is a SEM photograph of a monolithic intermediate obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a monolith obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the swelling rate (%) (length ratio) when the monolithic anion exchanger in a water-wet state is brought into contact with each organic solvent in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a SEM photograph of a morphological example of a monolith of No. 5-1.
- FIG. 1 is a SEM photograph of a monolithic intermediate obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a monolith obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the swelling rate (%) (length ratio) when the monolithic anion exchanger in a water-wet state is brought into contact with each organic solvent in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- An ion exchanger has the general formula (1) (In the formula, R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted carbon number 1 to 6 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted amino groups, cyano groups , or benzyl groups optionally substituted with nitro groups; 4 represents an alkyl group, L represents a linker moiety, and Polymer represents a polymer chain.) Consists of a polymer chain represented by
- the present inventors have found that the ion exchanger composed of the polymer chains represented by the above general formula (1) shrinks little when in contact with an organic solvent in a water-wet state. Even when the ion exchanger is packed in a column in a water-wet state and an organic solvent is passed through the ion exchanger, the ion exchanger hardly shrinks and the organic solvent can be brought into contact with the ion exchanger efficiently. It is considered that this is because the presence of the alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms or the benzyl group as R 1 increases the hydrophobicity.
- the shrinkage rate when contacted with an organic solvent in a water-wet state can be, for example, within ⁇ 10% compared to before contact with an organic solvent, preferably within ⁇ It can be within 8%.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol and 2-propanol, amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and diisopropyl ether. , tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the like, aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene, and hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane and hexane.
- R 1 in general formula (1) represents an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is a benzyl group optionally substituted with an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a benzyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom, or optionally substituted carbon number a benzyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 6 alkoxy groups, a benzyl group optionally substituted with an amino group optionally substituted, a benzyl group optionally substituted with a cyano group, or a nitro group; It represents an optionally substituted benzyl group.
- An optionally substituted benzyl group is a benzyl group in which the phenyl group of the benzyl group may be substituted with a substituent.
- the alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- An alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferred, and an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferred, from the viewpoints of high reaction yield during production, easy availability of raw materials, and good performance.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted on the benzyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group and an ethyl group are more preferable, from the viewpoints of easy availability of raw materials and good performance.
- the halogen atom which may be substituted on the benzyl group includes a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like, and a chlorine atom is preferable from the viewpoints of inexpensive starting material production and easy availability of the starting material. .
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted by the benzyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- An alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are more preferable from the viewpoints of easy availability of raw materials and good performance.
- substituents when "optionally substituted” with an alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a nitro group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom. etc.
- substituents when the amino group is "optionally substituted” include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the like.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted on the amino group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group and an ethyl group are more preferable, because the reaction yield during production is high.
- the fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted on the amino group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms is preferable, and a trifluoromethyl group and a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group are more preferable, in terms of availability of raw materials.
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a benzyl group optionally substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and is preferably a dodecyl group or a benzyl group. It is more preferable to have
- R 2 and R 3 in general formula (1) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, more preferably a methyl group, from the viewpoint of high reaction yield during production.
- L in the general formula (1) represents a linker site.
- the linker moiety include an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted with an oxy group.
- An ethylene group is preferred, and a methylene group is more preferred.
- Polymer in general formula (1) represents a polymer chain.
- polymer chains include aromatic vinyl polymers such as polystyrene, poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and polyvinylbenzyl chloride; polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; poly(halogenated polyolefins) such as polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene; ); nitrile polymers such as polyacrylonitrile; crosslinked polymers such as (meth)acrylic polymers such as polymethacrylic acid esters and polyacrylic acid esters.
- the polymer chain may be a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a single vinyl monomer and a cross-linking agent, or a polymer obtained by polymerizing a plurality of vinyl monomers and a cross-linking agent. may be blended.
- crosslinked polymers of aromatic vinyl polymers are preferred because of the ease of forming a continuous structure, the ease of introducing ion-exchange groups, high mechanical strength, and high stability against acids or alkalis.
- styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers and vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene copolymers are preferred, and styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers are preferred.
- the ion exchanger according to the present embodiment may be a particulate ion exchanger or a non-particulate ion exchanger, preferably a non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger.
- the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst according to the embodiment of the present invention includes at least platinum group metal ions and platinum group metal complex ions in an ion exchanger composed of a polymer chain represented by the general formula (1).
- One is a supported catalyst.
- the catalyst that is, the catalyst in which the platinum group metal in the state of ions is supported on the ion exchanger composed of the polymer chain represented by the general formula (1), is a carbon- It has been found that carbon bond forming reactions can be carried out. In particular, the inventors have found that the yield is increased even when an aromatic bromide is used as a starting material in a fixed-bed continuous flow carbon-carbon bonding reaction.
- the ion exchanger composed of the polymer chain represented by the general formula (1) has, as R 1 , the alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms or the benzyl group, so that the lipophilicity is increased. This is believed to be due to efficient contact between the organic phase and the aqueous phase on the surface of the ion exchanger in carbon-carbon bonding reactions such as fixed-bed continuous flow systems.
- the ion exchanger according to the present embodiment may be either a particulate ion exchanger or a non-particulate ion exchanger. It is preferably a non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger is obtained by introducing ion exchange groups into a monolithic organic porous material having a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger composed of the polymer chains represented by the general formula (1) is a basic monolithic organic porous anion exchanger.
- a monolithic organic porous body has a large number of communicating pores serving as channels between skeletons.
- “monolithic organic porous material” is simply referred to as “monolith”
- “monolithic organic porous ion exchanger” is simply referred to as “monolithic ion exchanger”.
- the "monolithic organic porous intermediate” which is the body (precursor) is also simply referred to as "monolithic intermediate”.
- the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger consists of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase, the thickness of the continuous skeleton is in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and the average diameter of the continuous pores is in the range of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m. , the total pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 50 mL/g, the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g, and the ion exchange group is an organic porous preferably distributed throughout the ion exchanger.
- a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase are observed by SEM images.
- the thickness of the continuous skeleton of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger in a dry state is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the continuous framework in the dry state of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger is determined by SEM observation. If the thickness of the continuous skeleton is less than 1 ⁇ m, the ion exchange capacity per volume is lowered, or the mechanical strength is lowered, so that when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, it is difficult. Especially when the liquid is passed at a high flow rate, the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger may be deformed. When the thickness of the continuous skeleton exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the skeleton becomes too thick, and the pressure loss during liquid passage may increase.
- the average diameter of continuous pores in the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger in a dry state is preferably in the range of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of continuous pores in the dry state of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger is measured by mercury porosimetry and refers to the maximum value of the pore distribution curve obtained by mercury porosimetry. If the average diameter of the continuous pores is less than 1 ⁇ m, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may become large.
- the average diameter of the continuous pores exceeds 1000 ⁇ m, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, the contact between the liquid to be treated and the monolith ion exchanger becomes insufficient, resulting in ion exchange. Performance may degrade.
- the total pore volume in the dry state of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 50 mL/g.
- the total dry pore volume of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger is measured by mercury porosimetry. If the total pore volume is less than 0.5 mL/g, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase. .
- the mechanical strength of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger decreases, and when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, especially When the liquid is passed at a high flow rate, the ion exchanger may be deformed and the pressure loss may increase when the liquid is passed.
- the ion exchange capacity per weight of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger in a dry state is preferably in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g.
- the ion exchange capacity per unit weight of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger in a dry state is measured by a method such as neutralization titration. If the ion exchange capacity is less than 1 mg equivalent/g, the amount of ions that can be exchanged and carried may decrease. If the ion exchange capacity exceeds 9 mg equivalent/g, the conditions for introducing reaction of ion exchange groups become severe, and oxidative deterioration of the monolith may proceed remarkably.
- the introduced ion exchange groups are preferably distributed not only on the surface of the monolith but also inside the skeleton of the monolith, that is, in the organic porous ion exchanger. , more preferably uniformly distributed.
- the ion-exchange groups are uniformly distributed in the organic porous ion-exchanger means that the ion-exchange groups are distributed on the surface and inside the skeleton of the organic porous ion-exchanger at least on the order of ⁇ m. point to The distribution of ion exchange groups is confirmed by using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).
- EPMA electron probe microanalyzer
- the ion-exchange groups are distributed not only on the surface of the monolith but also on the inside of the monolith skeleton, the physical and chemical properties of the surface and inside of the monolith can be made almost uniform, which improves the resistance to swelling and shrinkage. do.
- the material constituting the continuous skeleton is an organic polymer material having a crosslinked structure, which is the polymer moiety in the general formula (1). It preferably contains 0.1 to 30 mol% of the crosslinked structural unit, more preferably 0.1 to 20 mol% of the crosslinked structural unit, based on the total structural units constituting the polymer material. .
- first monolithic organic porous ion exchanger (monolithic ion exchanger) to fifth monolithic organic porous ion exchanger shown below Exchangers (monolithic ion exchangers) may be mentioned.
- first monolithic organic porous ion exchanger (monolithic ion exchanger)
- fifth monolithic organic porous ion exchanger shown below Exchangers (monolithic ion exchangers) may be mentioned.
- descriptions of the same configurations as those of the non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger are omitted.
- the first monolithic ion exchanger has a continuous macropore structure with interconnecting macropores and common openings (mesopores) in the walls of the macropores with an average diameter ranging from 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, and a total pore volume of 1 ⁇ 50 mL/g, the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g, and the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger. It is an exchanger.
- the first monolithic ion exchanger is a continuous macropore structure with continuous macropores (pores), as shown in FIG.
- a first monolithic ion exchanger and its manufacturing method are disclosed in JP-A-2002-306976.
- the first monolithic ion exchanger has macropores connected to each other and common openings (mesopores) located in the walls of the macropores.
- Mesopores have overlapping portions where macropores overlap.
- the overlapping portion of the mesopores preferably has an average diameter of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, even more preferably 20 to 200 ⁇ m in a dry state.
- the average diameter of the openings of the dry first monolith is measured by mercury porosimetry and refers to the maximum of the pore distribution curve obtained by mercury porosimetry.
- first monolithic ion exchangers have an open pore structure in which the voids formed by macropores and mesopores serve as channels. If the average diameter of the overlapping portions of the mesopores in the dry state is less than 1 ⁇ m, when the ion exchanger is filled in the column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid becomes remarkably large. Sometimes. If the average diameter of the overlapping portions of mesopores in a dry state exceeds 1000 ⁇ m, the contact between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger is insufficient when the liquid to be treated is passed through a column packed with the ion exchanger. As a result, the ion exchange performance may decrease.
- the number of overlapping macropores is, for example, 1 to 12 per macropore, and 3 to 10 in most cases. Since the first monolithic ion exchanger has the above-described continuous macropore structure, it is possible to form a group of macropores and a group of common pores almost uniformly, as described in JP-A-8-252579. The pore volume and specific surface area can be remarkably increased compared to the particle aggregation type porous material.
- the total pore volume per weight of the first monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 mL/g, more preferably in the range of 2 to 30 mL/g. If the total pore volume per unit weight in a dry state is less than 1 mL/g, pressure loss increases when the liquid to be treated is passed through a column packed with the ion exchanger. Furthermore, the permeation amount per unit cross-sectional area becomes small, and the throughput may decrease. If the total pore volume per unit weight in the dry state exceeds 50 mL/g, the mechanical strength is reduced, and when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, especially at a high flow rate. The monolithic ion exchanger may be deformed when liquid is passed through it.
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is as described above. Further, "the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger" is as described above.
- the first monolithic ion exchanger can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained by mixing an oil-soluble monomer containing no ion-exchange group, a surfactant, water, and optionally a polymerization initiator. This water-in-oil emulsion can then be polymerized to form a first monolith.
- the oil-soluble monomer containing no ion-exchange group used in the production of the first monolith refers to a monomer that contains no ion-exchange group, has low solubility in water, and is lipophilic.
- This monomer is, for example, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinylbenzyl chloride, ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- butanediol diacrylate methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and the like.
- These monomers can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a crosslinkable monomer such as divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is selected as at least one component of the oil-soluble monomer, and the content thereof is preferably in the range of, for example, 0.3 to 10 mol% of the total oil-soluble monomer.
- the range of 0.3 to 5 mol % is preferable in that the ion exchange groups can be quantitatively introduced in the subsequent step and sufficient mechanical strength for practical use can be ensured.
- the surfactant used in the production of the first monolith should be capable of forming a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion when an oil-soluble monomer containing no ion-exchange group is mixed with water. , there are no particular restrictions.
- Surfactants include, for example, nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether; anionic surfactants such as potassium oleate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate; active agents; cationic surfactants such as distearyldimethylammonium chloride; amphoteric surfactants such as lauryldimethylbetaine. These surfactants can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a water-in-oil emulsion refers to an emulsion in which an oil phase is a continuous phase and water droplets are dispersed therein.
- the amount of surfactant added may be, for example, in the range of about 2 to 70% of the total amount of the oil-soluble monomer and surfactant.
- Alcohols such as methanol and stearyl alcohol; carboxylic acids such as stearic acid; hydrocarbons such as octane, dodecane and toluene; cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; You can also let
- a compound that generates radicals by heat and light irradiation is preferably used as the polymerization initiator that is optionally used when forming the monolith by polymerization.
- the polymerization initiator may be water-soluble or oil-soluble, and examples thereof include azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, azobiscyclohexanenitrile, azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, benzoyl peroxide, peroxide.
- Potassium sulfate ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide-ferrous chloride, sodium persulfate-sodium acid sulfite, tetramethylthiuram disulfide and the like.
- polymerization proceeds only by heating or light irradiation without adding a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization conditions for polymerizing the water-in-oil emulsion can be selected from various conditions depending on the type of monomer, initiator system, etc.
- azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, or the like is used as the polymerization initiator, for example, in a sealed container under an inert atmosphere, for example, heating is performed at 30 to 100° C. for 1 to 48 hours. polymerize it.
- hydrogen peroxide-ferrous chloride, sodium persulfate-sodium sulfite, or the like is used as the polymerization initiator, polymerization is carried out, for example, at 0 to 30° C.
- Examples of methods for introducing ion exchange groups into the first monolith include the following methods (1) and (2).
- monomers that do not contain ion-exchange groups can be polymerized to form a first monolith and then introduced with ion-exchange groups;
- Methods for introducing a strongly basic anion exchange group include, for example, the following methods (1) to (3).
- Method (1) if the monolith is a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer or the like, chloromethyl groups can be introduced by introducing chloromethyl methyl ether or the like, followed by reaction with a desired tertiary amine.
- method (2) a monolith can be prepared by copolymerizing chloromethylstyrene and divinylbenzene, reacted with the desired tertiary amine and introduced.
- a radical initiation group or a chain transfer group can be introduced into the monolith, followed by graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, followed by reaction with a desired tertiary amine.
- general formula (2) (In the formula, L represents a linker site, Polymer represents a polymer chain, X represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted benzene represents a sulfonyl group.)
- a polymer chain represented by General formula (3) (In the formula, R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted carbon number 1 to 6 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted amino groups, cyano groups , or benzyl groups optionally substituted with nitro groups; represents the alkyl group of 4.)
- a tertiary amine represented by A first monolithic ion exchanger can be produced by reacting
- X in general formula (2) represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted benzenesulfonyl group.
- halogen atom for X examples include a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, etc., and a chlorine atom is preferable from the viewpoint that the production raw material is inexpensive.
- the alkyl group in the alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- a methylsulfonyl group and an ethylsulfonyl group are preferred from the viewpoints of easy availability of raw materials, high reaction yield during production, and the like.
- the alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms may be substituted with a cyano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, or the like, preferably a halogen atom, more preferably a fluorine atom, in terms of high reaction yield.
- the benzenesulfonyl group may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or the like, and a methyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability of raw materials.
- the reaction between the polymer chain represented by the general formula (2) and the tertiary amine represented by the general formula (3) is carried out by mixing them in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, DMF, toluene, etc. For example, it is carried out by heating at a temperature of 20 to 130° C. for 4 to 60 hours. After the reaction, it may be washed with an organic solvent such as methanol or tetrahydrofuran, water, or the like.
- ⁇ Second Monolith Ion Exchanger> organic polymer particles with an average particle size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m are aggregated to form a three-dimensionally continuous skeleton portion, and an average diameter of 20 to 100 ⁇ m is formed between the skeletons. It has three-dimensionally continuous pores, the total pore volume is in the range of 1 to 10 mL / g, and the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent / g. , is a monolithic ion exchanger in which the ion exchange groups are distributed in an organic porous ion exchanger.
- the second monolithic ion exchanger is a particle-aggregated structure in which particles are aggregated, as shown in FIG.
- a second monolithic ion exchanger and its manufacturing method are disclosed in JP-A-2009-007550.
- organic polymer particles having a crosslinked structural unit and having an average particle size in a dry state of preferably in the range of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 1 to 30 ⁇ m are aggregated and three-dimensionally continuous. It has a skeletal part.
- the second monolithic ion exchanger has three-dimensionally continuous pores (continuous pores) having an average diameter in a dry state of preferably in the range of 20 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 20 to 90 ⁇ m between the continuous skeletons.
- a SEM photograph of an arbitrarily extracted portion of the cross section of the second monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state is taken, the diameters of the organic polymer particles of all particles in the SEM photograph are measured, and the average value thereof is calculated as the average particle diameter. and The average diameter of the continuous pores in the dry state is determined by the mercury porosimetry method as in the case of the first monolithic ion exchanger.
- the average particle size of the organic polymer particles is less than 1 ⁇ m in a dry state, the average diameter of continuous pores between skeletons may be as small as less than 20 ⁇ m in a dry state. If the average particle size of the organic polymer particles exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the pressure loss may increase when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column. In addition, when the average diameter of the continuous pores is less than 20 ⁇ m in a dry state, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, the pressure loss when the liquid to be treated permeates may become large.
- the contact between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger is insufficient when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through. may be.
- the total pore volume per weight of the second monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mL/g. If the total pore volume is less than 1 mL/g, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase. The permeation amount per unit cross-sectional area becomes small, and the processing capacity may decrease. When the total pore volume exceeds 10 mL/g, the mechanical strength decreases, and monolithic ion The exchange body may be deformed.
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is as described above. Further, "the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger" is as described above.
- the second monolithic ion exchanger can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a second monolith can be obtained by mixing a vinyl monomer, a specific amount of a cross-linking agent, an organic solvent, and a polymerization initiator, and polymerizing the mixture while standing.
- the vinyl monomer used for manufacturing the second monolith is the same as the monomer used for manufacturing the first monolith.
- the cross-linking agent used to produce the second monolith preferably contains at least two polymerizable vinyl groups in the molecule and has high solubility in organic solvents.
- Cross-linking agents are, for example, divinylbenzene, divinylbiphenyl, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. These cross-linking agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred cross-linking agents are aromatic polyvinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, and divinylbiphenyl in terms of high mechanical strength and stability against hydrolysis.
- the amount of cross-linking agent used relative to the total amount of vinyl monomer and cross-linking agent is, for example, in the range of 1 to 5 mol %, preferably in the range of 1 to 4 mol %. is.
- the organic solvent used in the production of the second monolith dissolves the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent, but hardly dissolves the polymer produced by polymerizing the vinyl monomer.In other words, the polymer produced by polymerizing the vinyl monomer. It is a poor solvent for
- the organic solvent includes alcohols such as methanol, butanol and octanol; chain ethers such as diethyl ether and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; chain saturated hydrocarbons such as hexane, octane and decane. etc.
- the polymerization initiator used to manufacture the second monolith is preferably a compound that generates radicals upon exposure to heat and light.
- the polymerization initiator is preferably oil-soluble.
- Polymerization initiators include, for example, 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) , 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobisdimethyl isobutyrate, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, tetramethylthiuram disulfide and the like.
- the amount of polymerization initiator used relative to the total amount of vinyl monomer and cross-linking agent is, for example, in the range of about 0.01 to 5 mol %.
- polymerization initiators such as 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide
- potassium persulfate or the like it may be polymerized by heating at 30 to 100° C. for 1 to 48 hours, for example, in a sealed container under an inert atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the content is taken out and extracted with a solvent such as acetone for the purpose of removing the unreacted vinyl monomer and the organic solvent to obtain a second monolith.
- organic polymer particles with an average particle size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m can be aggregated by adjusting polymerization conditions such as increasing the amount of cross-linking agent, increasing the monomer concentration, and increasing the temperature.
- amount of the cross-linking agent used to the total amount of the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent can be set to a specific amount, three-dimensionally continuous pores having an average diameter of 20 to 100 ⁇ m can be formed between the skeletons.
- the amount of organic solvent used relative to the total amount of organic solvent, monomer and cross-linking agent used is, for example, in the range of 30 to 80% by weight, preferably By polymerizing under conditions such as the range of 40-70% by weight, the monolith can have a total pore volume of 1-5 mL/g.
- the method of introducing ion exchange groups into the second monolith is the same as the method of introducing ion exchange groups into the first monolith.
- the third monolithic ion exchanger has a continuous macropore structure in which bubble-like macropores overlap each other, and the overlapping portions are openings with an average diameter of 30 to 300 ⁇ m, and the total pore volume is 0.5 to 10 mL. / g, the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent / g, the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger, and the continuous macropores In the SEM image of the cross section of the structure, it is a monolithic ion exchanger in which the skeleton area appearing in the cross section is in the range of 25 to 50% of the image area.
- the third monolithic ion exchanger as shown in FIG. 3, is a continuous macropore structure similar to the first monolithic ion exchanger.
- a third monolithic ion exchanger and its manufacturing method are disclosed in JP-A-2009-062512.
- a continuous pore has an overlapping portion where macropores overlap each other.
- the overlapping portion preferably has a dry average diameter of 30 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 200 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 40 to 100 ⁇ m. This average diameter is measured by mercury porosimetry and refers to the maximum value of the pore distribution curve obtained by mercury porosimetry. If the average diameter of the openings in a dry state is less than 30 ⁇ m, pressure loss may increase when the liquid to be treated is passed through a column filled with the ion exchanger. If it exceeds 300 ⁇ m, the contact between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger may be insufficient.
- the skeleton area appearing in the cross section is, for example, 25 to 50% of the image area, preferably It is in the range of 25-45%. If the area of the skeletal portion appearing in the cross section is less than 25% of the image area, the skeletal structure becomes thin and the mechanical strength decreases. In particular, the monolithic ion exchanger may be deformed when the liquid is passed at a high flow rate.
- the skeleton appearing in the cross section exceeds 50% of the image area, the skeleton becomes too thick, and when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase.
- the conditions for obtaining the SEM image may be any conditions that clearly show the skeletal part appearing in the cross section of the cut surface, for example, a magnification of 100 to 600 and a photographic area of about 150 mm x 100 mm.
- the SEM observation is preferably performed using three or more images of different cut points and photographed points taken at arbitrary positions on arbitrary cut surfaces of the third monolithic ion exchanger, excluding subjectivity.
- the third monolithic ion exchanger that is cleaved is in a dry state.
- the skeletal portion of the cut surface in the SEM image will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. In FIGS.
- the total pore volume per weight of the third monolith ion exchanger in a dry state is preferably in the range of 0.5-10 mL/g, more preferably in the range of 0.8-8 mL/g. If the total pore volume is less than 0.5 mL/g, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase. Furthermore, the amount of permeating fluid per unit cross-sectional area becomes small, and the processing capacity may decrease. When the total pore volume exceeds 10 mL/g, the mechanical strength decreases, and monolithic ion The exchange body may be deformed. Furthermore, the contact efficiency between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger may decrease.
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is as described above. Further, "the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger" is as described above.
- a third monolithic ion exchanger can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a water-in-oil emulsion is prepared by stirring a mixture of an oil-soluble monomer containing no ion-exchange groups, a surfactant, and water.
- a third monolith can be obtained by performing the following steps I, II, and III.
- a water-in-oil emulsion is polymerized to obtain, for example, a monolithic organic porous intermediate having a continuous macropore structure with a total pore volume in the range of 5 to 16 mL/g (hereinafter also referred to as monolith intermediate (3). ) can be obtained.
- step II a vinyl monomer, a cross-linking agent having at least two vinyl groups in one molecule, an organic solvent in which the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent are dissolved but the polymer produced by polymerization of the vinyl monomer is not dissolved, and a polymerization initiator.
- step III the mixture obtained in step II is allowed to stand and polymerized in the presence of the monolithic intermediate (3) obtained in step I to obtain a monolithic intermediate (3) having a thicker skeleton than that of the monolithic intermediate (3).
- a third monolith can be obtained.
- the I step is the same as the first monolithic ion exchanger manufacturing method.
- the monolithic intermediate (3) obtained in step I has a continuous macropore structure.
- a porous structure having a thick skeleton can be formed using the structure of the monolithic intermediate (3) as a mold.
- the crosslink density of the polymer material is, for example, in the range of 0.3 to 10 mol%, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 5 mol%, based on the total structural units constituting the polymer material of the monolithic intermediate (3). It preferably contains a structural unit.
- the total pore volume per unit weight of the monolithic intermediate (3) obtained in step I is, for example, in the range of 5-16 mL/g, preferably in the range of 6-16 mL/g.
- the ratio of monomer to water may be, for example, approximately in the range of 1:5 to 1:20.
- the average diameter of the openings ranges from 20 to 200 ⁇ m in a dry state, for example.
- step II a vinyl monomer, a cross-linking agent having at least two vinyl groups in one molecule, an organic solvent in which the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent are dissolved but the polymer produced by polymerization of the vinyl monomer is not dissolved, and a polymerization initiator. It is a step of preparing a mixture containing It should be noted that either step I or step II may be performed first.
- the vinyl monomer used in step II may be any lipophilic vinyl monomer that contains a polymerizable vinyl group in the molecule and is highly soluble in organic solvents. ) is preferably selected to produce a polymeric material of the same type or similar. Specific examples of these vinyl monomers are the same as those used in the production of the first monolith.
- the amount of the vinyl monomer added in step II is, for example, 3 to 50 times, preferably 4 to 40 times, the weight of the monolithic intermediate (3) coexisting during polymerization.
- the cross-linking agent used in step II is the same as the cross-linking agent used in the production of the second monolith.
- the organic solvent used in step II is the same as the organic solvent used in the production of the second monolith.
- the amount of these organic solvents used is preferably such that the concentration of the vinyl monomer is, for example, 30 to 80% by weight.
- the polymerization initiator used in step II is the same as the polymerization initiator used in the production of the second monolith.
- step III for example, the mixture obtained in step II is allowed to stand and polymerized in the presence of the monolithic intermediate (3) obtained in step I to obtain a thicker skeleton than the monolithic intermediate (3).
- a third monolith with a skeleton can be obtained.
- a third monolith can be obtained by allowing the continuous macropore structure monolith intermediate (3) to exist in the above polymerization system.
- step III for example, the monolithic intermediate (3) is impregnated with the mixture (solution) in a reaction vessel.
- the blending ratio of the mixture obtained in Step II and the monolithic intermediate (3) is, for example, that the amount of the vinyl monomer added is in the range of 3 to 50 times the weight of the monolithic intermediate (3), preferably 4 to 50 times. It suffices to mix so that the range is 40 times.
- the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent in the mixture are adsorbed and distributed on the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (3) which is left standing, and the polymerization proceeds within the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (3).
- various polymerization conditions are selected depending on the type of monomer, the type of polymerization initiator, etc.
- 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, potassium persulfate and the like are used as polymerization initiators.
- heat polymerization may be carried out at 30 to 100° C. for 1 to 48 hours in a sealed container under an inert atmosphere.
- the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent adsorbed and distributed on the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (3) are polymerized within the skeleton, and the skeleton can be thickened.
- the contents are taken out and extracted with a solvent such as acetone for the purpose of removing the unreacted vinyl monomer and the organic solvent to obtain a third monolith.
- the third monolith ion exchanger can be obtained, for example, by performing Step IV for introducing ion exchange groups into the third monolith obtained in Step III.
- the method of introducing ion exchange groups into the third monolith is the same as the method of introducing ion exchange groups into the first monolith.
- the fourth monolithic ion exchanger has a continuous skeleton composed of an aromatic vinyl polymer containing 0.1 to 5.0 mol% of crosslinked structural units in all structural units into which ion exchange groups are introduced.
- a co-continuous structure comprising a three-dimensionally continuous skeleton with a thickness in the range of 1 to 60 ⁇ m and three-dimensionally continuous pores with an average diameter in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m between the skeletons,
- the pore volume is in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL/g
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g
- the ion exchange group is the organic porous ion exchange It is a monolithic ion exchanger distributed throughout the body.
- the fourth monolithic ion exchanger has a continuous framework phase 1 (continuous framework) and a continuous pore phase 2 (continuous pore), which are intertwined and together, as shown in FIGS. It is a co-continuous structure 10 that is three-dimensionally continuous.
- the void phase 2 has higher continuity than the above-described first and second monoliths, and there is almost no deviation in size.
- the fourth monolithic ion exchanger is considered to have high mechanical strength due to its thick skeleton.
- a fourth monolithic ion exchanger and its manufacturing method are disclosed in JP-A-2009-067982.
- the continuous skeleton is composed of a vinyl polymer (aromatic vinyl polymer, etc.) containing crosslinked structural units in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 mol% in all structural units into which ion exchange groups are introduced, and a continuous skeleton is three-dimensionally continuous with a dry thickness of, for example, 1 to 60 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 58 ⁇ m. If the crosslinked structural unit is less than 0.1 mol%, the mechanical strength may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 5.0 mol%, the structure of the porous body may easily deviate from the co-continuous structure. .
- the monolithic ion exchanger deforms when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, especially when the liquid is passed at a high flow rate. may be lost.
- the thickness of the continuous skeleton exceeds 60 ⁇ m in a dry state, the skeleton becomes too thick, and when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase. be.
- the continuous pores are three-dimensionally continuous between the continuous skeletons in a dry state, for example, with an average diameter in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 15 to 180 ⁇ m. If the average diameter of the continuous pores is less than 10 ⁇ m in a dry state, the pressure loss during passage of the liquid to be treated may increase when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed. be. If the average diameter exceeds 200 ⁇ m, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through, the contact between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger may be insufficient.
- the aforementioned average diameter is measured by the mercury porosimetry method and refers to the maximum value of the pore distribution curve obtained by the mercury porosimetry method.
- the thickness of the continuous skeleton in a dry state is determined by SEM observation of the fourth monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state. Specifically, the SEM observation of the fourth monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state is performed at least three times, the thickness of the skeleton in the obtained images is measured, and the average value thereof is taken as the thickness of the continuous skeleton.
- the skeleton is rod-shaped and has a circular cross-sectional shape, but may include a cross-section with a different diameter such as an elliptical cross-sectional shape. The thickness in this case is the average of the minor axis and the major axis.
- the total pore volume per weight in the dry state of the fourth monolithic ion exchanger is, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL/g. If the total pore volume is less than 0.5 mL/g, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase. Furthermore, the amount of permeating fluid per unit cross-sectional area becomes small, and the processing capacity may decrease. When the total pore volume exceeds 10 mL/g, the mechanical strength decreases, and monolithic ion The exchange body may be deformed. Furthermore, the contact efficiency between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger may decrease.
- vinyl polymers aromatic vinyl polymers
- examples of vinyl polymers (aromatic vinyl polymers) that make up the continuous skeleton include polystyrene, poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene), polyvinylbenzyl chloride, and the like.
- the above polymer may be a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a single vinyl monomer and a cross-linking agent, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a plurality of vinyl monomers and a cross-linking agent, or a blend of two or more types of polymers.
- styrene-divinylbenzene-based co-polymers are preferred because of their ease of formation of co-continuous structures, ease of introduction of ion-exchange groups, high mechanical strength, and high stability against acids and alkalis.
- Polymers and vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene copolymers are preferred.
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is as described above. Further, "the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger" is as described above.
- a fourth monolithic ion exchanger can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- the fourth monolith can be obtained by performing the following steps I to III after preparing a water-in-oil emulsion.
- step I for example, a water-in-oil emulsion is polymerized to obtain a monolithic organic porous intermediate having a continuous macropore structure with a total pore volume of, for example, more than 16 mL/g and 30 mL/g or less (hereinafter referred to as a monolith intermediate).
- a monolith intermediate having a continuous macropore structure with a total pore volume of, for example, more than 16 mL/g and 30 mL/g or less
- step II for example, an aromatic vinyl monomer, a cross-linking agent in the range of 0.3 to 5 mol% of all oil-soluble monomers having at least two or more vinyl groups in one molecule, an aromatic vinyl monomer or cross-linking
- a mixture containing an organic solvent and a polymerization initiator is prepared in which the agent is dissolved but the polymer formed by polymerization of the aromatic vinyl monomer is not dissolved.
- step III for example, the mixture obtained in step II is allowed to stand and polymerized in the presence of the monolith intermediate (4) obtained in step I to obtain a fourth monolith.
- the step I in the fourth monolith manufacturing method is the same as the first monolith ion exchanger manufacturing method.
- the monolithic intermediate (4) obtained in step I is, for example, an organic polymer material having a crosslinked structure, preferably an aromatic vinyl polymer.
- the crosslink density of the polymer material is, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 5 mol%, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 3 mol%, based on the total structural units constituting the polymer material.
- the type of polymer material for monolith intermediate (4) is the same as the type of polymer material for monolith intermediate (3) in the third monolith manufacturing method.
- the total pore volume per weight of the monolithic intermediate (4) obtained in step I is, for example, greater than 16 mL/g and less than or equal to 30 mL/g, preferably greater than 16 mL/g and 25 mL/g. It is below.
- the monolithic intermediate (4) has a nearly rod-like skeleton. When this is allowed to coexist in the polymerization system, a porous body having a co-continuous structure can be formed using the structure of the monolithic intermediate (4) as a mold.
- the average diameter of the openings (mesopores), which are the overlapping portions of the macropores, ranges from 5 to 100 ⁇ m in a dry state.
- step II in the fourth method for producing a monolith for example, an aromatic vinyl monomer, in all oil-soluble monomers having at least two or more vinyl groups in one molecule, for example, cross-linking in the range of 0.3 to 5 mol%
- step II is a step of preparing a mixture containing an organic solvent in which an agent, an aromatic vinyl monomer and a cross-linking agent are dissolved but a polymer formed by polymerization of the aromatic vinyl monomer is not dissolved, and a polymerization initiator. It should be noted that either step I or step II may be performed first.
- the aromatic vinyl monomer used in step II is not particularly limited as long as it contains a polymerizable vinyl group in the molecule and is highly soluble in an organic solvent. It is preferable to select a vinyl monomer that produces the same or similar polymer material as the monolithic intermediate (4) coexisting in the system. Specific examples of these vinyl monomers include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinylbenzyl chloride, vinylbiphenyl and vinylnaphthalene. These monomers can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Preferred aromatic vinyl monomers are styrene, vinylbenzyl chloride, and the like.
- the amount of the aromatic vinyl monomer added in step II is, for example, 5 to 50 times, preferably 5 to 40 times, the weight of the monolithic intermediate (4) coexisting during polymerization.
- the cross-linking agent used in step II preferably contains at least two polymerizable vinyl groups in the molecule and has high solubility in organic solvents.
- cross-linking agents include divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, divinylbiphenyl, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, and the like. These cross-linking agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of cross-linking agent used is, for example, in the range of 0.3 to 5 mol %, particularly in the range of 0.3 to 3 mol %, based on the total amount of vinyl monomer and cross-linking agent (total oil-soluble monomer).
- the amount of the cross-linking agent to be used is preferably used so as to be approximately equal to the cross-linking density of the monolithic intermediate (4) coexisting during vinyl monomer/cross-linking agent polymerization. If the amounts of the two used are too different, the resulting monolith will have a biased crosslink density distribution, and when ion-exchange groups are introduced, cracks may easily occur during the ion-exchange group-introducing reaction.
- the organic solvent used in Step II is, for example, an organic solvent that dissolves the aromatic vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent but does not dissolve the polymer produced by polymerizing the aromatic vinyl monomer. It is a poor solvent for the resulting polymer.
- Organic solvents include, for example, when the aromatic vinyl monomer is styrene, alcohols such as methanol, butanol and octanol; chain (poly)ethers such as diethyl ether, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; chain saturated hydrocarbons; esters such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and ethyl propionate; Even good solvents for polystyrene, such as dioxane, THF, and toluene, can be used as organic solvents when they are used together with the above-described poor solvents and in small amounts.
- organic solvents can be used in an amount such that the concentration of the aromatic vinyl monomer is, for example, 30 to 80% by weight. If the amount of the organic solvent used deviates from the above range and the aromatic vinyl monomer concentration becomes less than 30% by weight, the polymerization rate may decrease or the monolith structure after polymerization may deviate from the range of the fourth monolith. be. On the other hand, if the aromatic vinyl monomer concentration exceeds 80% by weight, polymerization may proceed excessively.
- the polymerization initiator used in step II in the fourth monolith manufacturing method is the same as the polymerization initiator used in step II in the third monolith manufacturing method.
- step III in the fourth method for producing a monolith for example, the mixture obtained in step II is allowed to stand and polymerized in the presence of the monolith intermediate (4) obtained in step I to obtain a monolith intermediate.
- step III for example, the monolithic intermediate (4) is impregnated with the mixture (solution) in a reaction vessel.
- the blending ratio of the mixture obtained in step II and the monolithic intermediate (4) is, as described above, such that the amount of the aromatic vinyl monomer added is, for example, 5 to 50 times the weight of the monolithic intermediate (4). , preferably in the range of 5 to 40 times.
- the aromatic vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent in the mixture are adsorbed and distributed on the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (4) which is left still, and polymerization proceeds within the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (4).
- the polymerization conditions for Step III in the fourth method for producing a monolith are the same as the polymerization conditions for Step III in the third method for producing a monolith.
- a fourth monolith ion exchanger can be obtained by carrying out step IV for introducing ion exchange groups into the fourth monolith obtained in step III.
- the method for introducing ion exchange groups into the fourth monolith is the same as the method for introducing ion exchange groups into the first monolith.
- the fifth monolithic ion exchanger consists of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase. having a plurality of projections with a size in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ m, an average diameter of continuous pores in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, and a total pore volume in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL/g. It is a monolithic ion exchanger in which the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is in the range of 1 to 9 mg equivalent/g, and the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger.
- the fifth monolithic ion exchanger is a composite structure having an organic porous body having a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase, and further having a plurality of particles or a plurality of projections, and a large number of particles or A composite structure having a large number of protrusions.
- a fifth monolithic ion exchanger and its manufacturing method are disclosed in JP-A-2009-108294.
- a plurality of particles are adhered to the skeleton surface of the organic porous material, and their diameters are in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ m, for example.
- a plurality of protrusions are formed on the skeleton surface of the organic porous material, and the size thereof ranges from 4 to 40 ⁇ m in a dry state, for example.
- the diameter of the particles or the size of the projections is preferably in the range of 4-30 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 4-20 ⁇ m.
- particles and “projections” are collectively referred to as “particles and the like”.
- the average diameter of the continuous pores in the dry state is preferably in the range of 10-200 ⁇ m.
- the continuous skeleton phase and continuous pore phase of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger are observed by SEM images.
- the basic structure of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger includes continuous macropore structures and co-continuous structures.
- the skeletal phase of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger appears as a continuum of columns, a continuum of concave wall surfaces, or a composite of these, and has a shape clearly different from that of particles and protrusions.
- the fifth monolith ion exchanger includes the 5-1 monolith ion exchanger or the 5-2 monolith ion exchanger.
- the 5-1 monolithic ion exchanger is a continuous macropore structure in which cellular macropores are overlapped with each other, and the overlapped portions form openings having an average diameter of 10 to 120 ⁇ m in a dry state.
- the 5-2 monolithic ion exchanger has a three-dimensionally continuous skeleton having a thickness of, for example, 0.8 to 40 ⁇ m in a dry state, and an average diameter of, for example, 8 to 8 in a dry state between the skeletons. It is a co-continuous structure consisting of three-dimensionally continuous pores in the range of 80 ⁇ m.
- the monoliths before the ion exchange groups of the 5-1 and 5-2 monolith ion exchangers are introduced are called 5-1 and 5-2 monoliths.
- the aforementioned average diameter and dry thickness of the continuous skeleton are determined by the same measurement method as for the fourth monolithic ion exchanger.
- protrusions 22a to 22e project from the skeleton surface 21.
- the protrusion 22a has a nearly granular shape.
- the protrusion 22b is hemispherical.
- the protrusion 22c has a shape like a bulge on the skeleton surface.
- the length in the plane direction of the skeleton surface 21 of the projection 22d is longer in the direction perpendicular to the skeleton surface 21 of the projection 22d.
- the protrusion 22e has a shape that protrudes in a plurality of directions.
- the size of the protrusions is the length of the widest part of each protrusion in the SEM image.
- the fifth monolithic ion exchanger has a plurality of protrusions formed on the skeleton surface of the organic porous material.
- the proportion of particles having a dry state of 4 to 40 ⁇ m in the total particles is, for example, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more.
- the ratio of the above-described particles or the like refers to the ratio of the number of particles or the like having a specific size in a dry state to the total number of particles or the like.
- the surface of the skeleton phase is covered with, for example, 40% or more, preferably 50% or more, of all the particles or the like.
- the coverage ratio of the surface of the skeleton layer with all the particles or the like refers to the area ratio on the SEM image when the surface is observed by SEM, that is, the area ratio when the surface is viewed in plan. If the size of the particles covering the wall surface or the skeleton deviates from the above range, the effect of improving the efficiency of contact between the fluid and the skeleton surface and the inside of the skeleton of the monolithic ion exchanger tends to decrease.
- the diameter or size in the dry state of all particles, etc. in the SEM image was calculated, and the diameter or size was For example, it is confirmed whether particles in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ m are observed. For example, it is determined that particles having a size of 4 to 40 ⁇ m are formed.
- the diameter or size in the dry state of all the particles, etc. in the SEM image is calculated for each field of view, and for each field of view, the diameter or size of the dry state, for example, in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ m in the total particles, etc. The ratio of particles, etc.
- the fifth monolithic ion It is judged that the ratio of particles having a diameter of 4 to 40 ⁇ m in a dry state to all the particles formed on the skeleton surface of the exchanger is 70% or more. Further, according to the above, the coverage ratio of the surface of the skeletal layer with all particles, etc. in the SEM image was obtained for each field of view, and the coverage ratio of the surface of the skeleton layer with all particles, etc. was 40% or more in all fields of view. In this case, it is judged that the proportion of the surface of the skeleton layer of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger covered with all particles and the like is 40% or more.
- the coverage of the surface of the skeleton phase with the particles or the like is less than 40%, the effect of improving the contact efficiency between the liquid to be treated and the inside and surface of the skeleton of the monolithic ion exchanger is obtained. It can easily become smaller.
- As a method for measuring the coverage rate of the particles, etc. there is an image analysis method using an SEM image of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger.
- the total pore volume per weight of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state is, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 10 mL/g, preferably in the range of 0.8 to 8 mL/g. If the total pore volume is less than 0.5 mL/g, when the ion exchanger is packed in a column and the liquid to be treated is passed through the column, the pressure loss during the passage of the liquid may increase. Furthermore, the amount of permeating fluid per unit cross-sectional area becomes small, and the processing capacity may decrease. When the total pore volume exceeds 10 mL/g, the mechanical strength decreases, and monolithic ion The exchange body may be deformed. Furthermore, the contact efficiency between the liquid to be treated and the monolithic ion exchanger may decrease.
- the crosslink density of the polymer material constituting the skeleton is, for example, in the range of 0.3 to 10 mol%, preferably 0.3, based on the total structural units constituting the polymer material. It suffices if the crosslinked structural unit is contained in a range of up to 5 mol %.
- the organic polymeric material constituting the skeleton of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger is the same as that of the first monolithic ion exchanger.
- the material constituting the skeleton phase of the organic porous body and the particles formed on the surface of the skeleton phase are made of the same material with the same continuous structure, and the structure is not the same. Examples include continuous ones made of different materials. Examples of materials with different continuous non-same textures include materials with different types of vinyl monomers, materials with the same types of vinyl monomers and cross-linking agents but different blending ratios, etc. is mentioned.
- the fifth monolithic ion exchanger has a thickness of, for example, 1 mm or more, and is distinguished from the membrane-like porous body.
- the thickness of the fifth monolithic ion exchanger preferably ranges from 3 to 1000 mm.
- the ion exchange capacity per weight in the dry state is as described above. Further, "the ion exchange groups are distributed in the organic porous ion exchanger" is as described above.
- a fifth monolithic ion exchanger can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a fifth monolith can be obtained, for example, by preparing a water-in-oil emulsion and then performing the following steps I to III.
- step I for example, a water-in-oil emulsion is polymerized to obtain a monolithic organic porous intermediate having a continuous macropore structure with a total pore volume in the range of, for example, 5 to 30 mL/g (hereinafter, monolith intermediate (5) ) can be obtained.
- monolith intermediate (5) for example, a vinyl monomer, a cross-linking agent having at least two vinyl groups in one molecule, an organic solvent in which the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent are soluble but the polymer produced by polymerization of the vinyl monomer is not soluble, and polymerization.
- step III for example, the mixture obtained in step II is allowed to stand and polymerized in the presence of the monolith intermediate (5) obtained in step I to obtain a fifth monolith.
- the I step in the fifth monolith manufacturing method is the same as the I step in the third monolith manufacturing method.
- a polymerization initiator may be used as necessary when forming the water-in-oil emulsion.
- a compound that generates radicals by heat or light irradiation is preferably used.
- Polymerization initiators may be water-soluble or oil-soluble, such as 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2 , 2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis dimethyl isobutyrate, 4,4'-azobis ( 4-cyanovaleric acid), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide-ferrous chloride, sodium persulfate- and sodium acid sul
- the monolithic intermediate (5) obtained in step I has a continuous macropore structure.
- particles or the like are formed on the surface of the skeleton phase with a continuous macropore structure using the structure of the monolithic intermediate (5) as a template, or particles or the like are formed on the surface of the skeleton phase with a co-continuous structure. is formed.
- the monolithic intermediate (5) is an organic polymer material having a crosslinked structure.
- the crosslink density of the polymer material is, for example, in the range of 0.3 to 10 mol %, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 5 mol %, of crosslinked structural units relative to the total structural units constituting the polymer material.
- the type of polymer material for monolith intermediate (5) is the same as the type of polymer material for monolith intermediate (3) in the third monolith manufacturing method.
- the total pore volume per unit weight of the monolithic intermediate (5) obtained in step I is, for example, in the range of 5-30 mL/g, preferably in the range of 6-28 mL/g.
- the ratio (weight) of the monomer and water may be, for example, approximately 1:5 to 1:35.
- step I if the ratio of this monomer to water is approximately 1:5 to 1:20, the monolith intermediate (5) has a continuous macropore structure with a total pore volume of, for example, 5 to 16 mL/g.
- the resulting monolith obtained through step III is the 5-1 monolith.
- the monomer to water ratio is approximately 1:20 to 1:35, the total pore volume of the monolith intermediate (5) is, for example, more than 16 mL/g and a continuous macropore structure of 30 mL/g or less. , and the monolith obtained through the III step becomes the No. 5-2 monolith.
- the average diameter of the openings (mesopores), which are the overlapping portions of the macropores is 20 to 200 ⁇ m in a dry state, for example.
- the second step in the fifth monolith manufacturing method is the same as the second step in the third monolith manufacturing method.
- step III in the fifth method for producing a monolith for example, the mixture obtained in step II is allowed to stand and in the presence of the monolith intermediate (5) obtained in step I, polymerization is performed to obtain the fifth You can get a monolith.
- the internal volume of the reaction vessel is not particularly limited as long as it is large enough to allow the monolith intermediate (5) to exist in the reaction vessel.
- the monolith intermediate (5) When the monolith intermediate (5) is placed in the reaction vessel, either a gap is formed around the monolith in plan view or the monolith intermediate (5) enters the reaction vessel with almost no gap. .
- the fifth monolith after polymerization is hardly pressed by the inner wall of the vessel and enters the reaction vessel with almost no gap. efficient. Even if the inner volume of the reaction vessel is large and there is a gap around the fifth monolith after polymerization, the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent are adsorbed and distributed to the monolith intermediate (5). , particle aggregate structures are hardly formed in the gaps in the reaction vessel.
- the monolith intermediate (5) is impregnated with the mixture (solution) in a reaction vessel.
- the blending ratio of the mixture obtained in step II and the monolithic intermediate (5) is, as described above, preferably such that the amount of the vinyl monomer added is in the range of, for example, 3 to 50 times the weight of the monolithic intermediate (5). may be blended so as to be in the range of 4 to 40 times.
- the vinyl monomer and the cross-linking agent in the mixture are adsorbed and distributed on the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (5) which is left standing, and the polymerization proceeds within the skeleton of the monolithic intermediate (5).
- step III in the fifth monolith manufacturing method the polymerization conditions are almost the same as in step III in the third monolith manufacturing method.
- step II or step III When step II or step III is performed under conditions that satisfy at least one of the following conditions (1) to (5) when manufacturing the fifth monolith, particles and the like are formed on the surface of the skeleton. monoliths can be produced.
- the polymerization temperature in step III is at least 5°C lower than the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator.
- the mol % of the cross-linking agent used in step II is at least twice the mol % of the cross-linking agent used in step I.
- the vinyl monomer used in step II has a structure different from that of the oil-soluble monomer used in step I.
- the organic solvent used in step II is polyether having a molecular weight of 200 or more.
- the concentration of the vinyl monomer used in step II is 30% by weight or less in the mixture in step II.
- a preferable structure of the fifth monolith obtained in this way is a continuous macropore structure ("second 5-1 monolith”), and a three-dimensionally continuous skeleton having a thickness in a dry state of, for example, 0.8 to 40 ⁇ m, and a diameter between the skeletons in a dry state of, for example, 8 to 80 ⁇ m. and a co-continuous structure (“No. 5-2 monolith”) consisting of three-dimensionally continuous pores in the range of .
- the method for introducing ion-exchange groups into the fifth monolith is the same as the method for introducing ion-exchange groups into the first monolith.
- Ion exchange anion exchange
- the liquid to be treated and the ion exchanger may be brought into contact at a temperature of 0 to 100° C., for example.
- ion exchange can be performed by passing a liquid to be treated through a column filled with an ion exchanger at a temperature of 0 to 100°C.
- the ion exchange method using the ion exchanger according to the present embodiment includes, for example, purification of water, sugar solutions, organic solvents, etc., synthesis processes of chemical products such as pharmaceutical intermediates, fillers for ion chromatography for analysis, etc. can be used in
- the ion exchanger By using the ion exchanger according to the present embodiment, even when an organic solvent is passed through a column filled with an ion exchanger in a water-wet state, the ion exchanger shrinks little, and the organic solvent is efficiently converted into an ion exchanger. can be brought into direct contact.
- the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst according to the present embodiment is a catalyst in which at least one of platinum group metal ions and platinum group metal complex ions is supported on the ion exchanger. That is, in the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, the platinum group metal is supported in the form of ions on the ion exchanger.
- platinum group metal ion-supported catalysts are catalysts supported by binding platinum group metal ions or platinum group metal complex ions to quaternary ammonium groups in the ion exchanger by ionic bonds or coordinate bonds. be.
- the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst according to the present embodiment preferably includes platinum The catalyst supports at least one of group metal ions and platinum group metal complex ions.
- Platinum group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.
- the platinum group metal ion is an ion of the platinum group metal, and the valence of the platinum group metal ion varies depending on the type of platinum group metal.
- These platinum group metal ions may be used singly or in combination of two or more metals. Among these, platinum ions and palladium ions are preferred because they have high catalytic activity.
- the platinum group metal complex ions are complex ions of the above platinum group metals, and include, for example, palladium complex ions, platinum complex ions, iridium complex ions, and the like. These platinum group metal complex ions may be used singly or in combination of two or more metals. Among these, platinum complex ions and palladium complex ions are preferable because they have high catalytic activity.
- the supported amount of platinum group metal ions or platinum group metal complex ions in the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst is, for example, In terms of atoms, it is in the range of 0.01 to 10.0 mass %, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 mass %.
- the amount of platinum group metal ions or platinum group metal complex ions supported is within the above range, it easily functions as a catalyst for the carbon-carbon bond formation reaction, and is inexpensive from the viewpoint of raw materials.
- the amount of platinum group metal atoms in the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst is determined using an ICP emission spectrometer.
- the method for producing the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst there is no particular limitation on the method for producing the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and by a known method, at least one of platinum group metal ions and platinum group metal complex ions is supported on an ion exchanger to obtain platinum group metal ions.
- a supported catalyst is obtained.
- the monolithic ion exchanger in a dry state is immersed in an organic solution of a platinum group metal compound at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and platinum group metal ions are adsorbed on the monolithic ion exchanger by ion exchange.
- a platinum group metal complex compound such as a tetraamminepalladium complex
- the loading of platinum group metal ions or platinum group metal complex ions on the monolithic ion exchanger may be either batchwise or flow-through, and is not particularly limited.
- the platinum group metal compound used in the method for producing a platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst may be either an organic salt or an inorganic salt, and examples include halides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, organic acid salts, inorganic complex salts, and the like. be done.
- platinum group metal compounds include palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium sulfate, palladium acetate, tetraamminepalladium chloride, tetraamminepalladium nitrate, platinum chloride, tetraammineplatinum chloride, tetraammineplatinum nitrate, chlorotriammineplatinum chloride, Hexaammineplatinum chloride, hexaammineplatinum sulfate, chloropentammineplatinum chloride, cis-tetrachlorodiammineplatinum chloride, trans-tetrachlorodiammineplatinum chloride, rhodium chloride, rhodium acetate, hexaamminerhodium chloride, hexa ammine rhodium bromide, hexaammine rhodium sulfate, pentaammine aquarodium chloride, pentaammine aquarodium
- the platinum group metal compound When platinum group metal ions or platinum group metal complex ions are supported, the platinum group metal compound is usually dissolved in a solvent before use. Water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and benzyl alcohol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; is used.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid, or a base such as sodium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide may be added.
- the method for forming a carbon-carbon bond includes, for example, (1) a reaction between an aromatic halide and an organic boron compound in the presence of the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, (2) an aromatic halide and a compound having an alkynyl group at the end thereof, or (3) an aromatic halide and a compound having an alkenyl group are reacted to form a carbon-carbon bond.
- a first form of the carbon-carbon bond-forming method (hereinafter also referred to as a carbon-carbon bond-forming method (1)) is an aromatic halide and an organic boron compound in the presence of the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. is reacted to form a carbon-carbon single bond by coupling.
- the organic boron compound used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (1) is R4 -B(OH) 2 (R 4 is an organic group, and is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic group. Examples include a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aromatic carbocyclic group, an aromatic heterocyclic and the like, and these groups include methyl group, ethyl group, nitro group, amino group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, carboxyl group, acetyl group, etc., as long as they do not impair the effects of the present embodiment. It is an organoboron compound represented by.
- the organic boron compound used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (1) is, for example, an aromatic boron compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- Ar 1 -B(OH) 2 (I) (In the formula, Ar 1 is an aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.)
- examples of aromatic carbocyclic or aromatic heterocyclic groups for Ar 1 include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthranyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, benz imidazolyl group, quinolyl group, benzofuranyl group, indanyl group, indenyl group, dibenzofuranyl group and the like.
- boron bonds to the aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group there are no particular restrictions on the position at which boron bonds to the aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group, and boron can be bonded to any position.
- one or more substituents may be introduced into the aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group.
- substituents include hydrocarbon groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group and benzyl group; alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and butoxy group; Nilmethoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group, nitro group and the like.
- the aromatic halide used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (1) is, for example, an aromatic halide represented by the following general formula (II).
- Ar 2 —X (II) (In the formula, Ar 2 is an aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and X is a halogen atom.)
- Examples of the aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group for Ar 2 in formula (II) are the same as those for Ar 1 . There are no particular restrictions on the position at which the halogen atom is bonded to the aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group, and the halogen atom can be bonded at any position. In addition, one or more substituents may be introduced into the aromatic carbocyclic group or aromatic heterocyclic group.
- substituents include hydrocarbon groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group and benzyl group; alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and butoxy group; Nilmethoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group, nitro group, carboxyl group, amino group and the like.
- X is a halogen atom, specifically a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.
- the formation of a carbon-carbon bond by the carbon-carbon bond forming method (1) is an organic group in which a functional group containing boron is eliminated from an organic boron compound, and an aromatic residue in which a halogen is eliminated from an aromatic halide. It means that a carbon-carbon bond is formed between
- the organoboron compound is an aromatic boron compound of formula (I)
- the aromatic halide is an aromatic halide of formula (II)
- the resulting coupling product has the formula ( It becomes the compound shown by III).
- Ar 1 -Ar 2 (III) (wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same as in formulas (I) and (II) above).
- the second form of the carbon-carbon bond forming method (hereinafter also referred to as the carbon-carbon bond forming method (2)) is, in the presence of the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, an aromatic halide and an alkynyl group at the end It is a reaction to form a carbon-carbon single bond by reacting with a compound having
- the aromatic halide used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (2) is, for example, the aromatic halide represented by formula (II) above.
- the compound having a terminal alkynyl group used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (2) is, for example, the compound represented by formula (IV).
- formula (IV) HC ⁇ CR 5 (IV)
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C 6-18 aromatic carbocyclic group, an optionally substituted C 6-18 aromatic a heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or having a substituent is an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms that may be
- R 5 is an optionally substituted aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms
- heterocyclic groups are the same as Ar 1 and Ar 2 in formulas (I) and (II).
- examples of the optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which is R 5 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group and a hexyl group. , octyl group, dodecyl group, octadecyl group and the like.
- optionally substituted alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms which are R 5 in formula (IV)
- examples of optionally substituted alkenyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, which are R 5 in formula (IV) include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a methallyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group and a hexenyl group. , octenyl group, decenyl group, octadecenyl group and the like.
- Examples of the optionally substituted alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, which is R 5 in formula (IV), include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, a hexynyl group and an octenyl group.
- substituents that these aromatic carbocyclic groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups, aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, alkenyl groups, and alkynyl groups may have include hydrocarbon groups such as a hydroxyl group and a phenyl group, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon groups such as methoxy group and trifluoromethoxy group;
- the ratio of the aromatic halide used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (2) and the compound having an alkynyl group at the terminal is not particularly limited, but for example, the molar ratio of the aromatic halide: having an alkynyl group at the terminal
- the compound ratio ranges from 0.5 to 3:1 and may be used in equimolar amounts.
- a third form of the carbon-carbon bond-forming method (hereinafter also referred to as the carbon-carbon bond-forming method (3)) has an aromatic halide and an alkenyl group in the presence of the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. It is a reaction that forms a carbon-carbon single bond by reacting with a compound.
- the aromatic halide used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (3) is, for example, the aromatic halide represented by the above formula (II).
- a compound having an alkenyl group used in the carbon-carbon bond forming method (3) is, for example, a compound represented by formula (VI).
- R6HC CR7R8 ( VI ) (wherein R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently have a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituent an aromatic heterocyclic group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may be substituted, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a carboxylic acid derivative, an acid amide derivative or a cyano group. )
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 optionally substituted aromatic carbocyclic groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted carbon atoms
- aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as 6 to 18 aromatic heterocyclic groups and optionally substituted groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms are the same as R 1 in formula (IV).
- Examples of carboxylic acid derivatives represented by R 6 , R 7 and R 8 in formula (VI) include alkoxycarbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and butoxycarbonyl.
- Examples of acid amide derivatives represented by R 6 , R 7 and R 8 in formula (VI) include carbamoyl groups such as N-methylcarbamoyl group and N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group.
- the amount of platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst used is, for example, 0.01 to 20 mol% in terms of platinum group metal with respect to the aromatic halide. Range.
- the coupling reaction may be performed using a solvent or may be performed without a solvent.
- Solvents used include water, organic solvents, and mixtures thereof. Examples of organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol and glycerin; cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- the atmosphere in which the carbon-carbon bond forming method is performed may be air, but is preferably under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, it may be arbitrarily set, for example, in the range of -20°C to 150°C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but may be set, for example, in the range of 1 minute to 24 hours.
- bases used include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, barium hydroxide; potassium phenolate, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxylate; organic bases such as sodium chloride, potassium butoxide, trimethylamine and triethylamine.
- the amount of these bases to be used is set, for example, in the range of 50 to 300 mol % relative to the aromatic halide.
- the reaction for forming carbon-carbon bonds may be performed by passing the raw material solution for the reaction through a platinum group metal catalyst.
- the carbon-carbon bond forming reactions (1) to (3) are performed by, for example, a raw material solution (i) containing the aromatic halide and the organic boron compound.
- the raw material solution (ii) containing the aromatic halide and the compound having an alkynyl group at the terminal, or the raw material solution (iii) containing the aromatic halide and the compound having an alkenyl group is added to platinum Introduce into the filled container from the introduction route of the packed container filled with the group metal ion-supported catalyst, pass the raw material solution through the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and discharge the reaction solution from the discharge route of the packed container. It is preferable to carry out the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction by.
- the raw material liquid (i), the raw material liquid (ii), or the raw material liquid (iii) is an inorganic base-dissolving raw material in which the raw material and the inorganic base are dissolved in water or a hydrophilic solvent. It is a liquid, and the raw material solution for dissolving an inorganic base is introduced into the filled container through the introduction route of the packed container filled with the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and the inorganic base-dissolved raw material solution is passed through the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst. Then, the carbon-carbon bond formation reaction may be carried out by discharging the reaction solution from the discharge channel of the filled container.
- the raw material solution (i), the raw material solution (ii), or the raw material solution (iii) is a hydrophobic solvent raw material solution in which the raw material is dissolved in a hydrophobic organic solvent.
- a mixture of a hydrophobic solvent raw material solution and an inorganic base aqueous solution in which an inorganic base is dissolved is introduced into the filled container through the introduction route of the packed container filled with a platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst, and platinum
- the carbon-carbon bond formation reaction may be performed by passing the hydrophobic solvent raw material liquid and the inorganic base aqueous solution through the group metal ion-supported catalyst and discharging the reaction liquid from the discharge channel of the filled container.
- the carbon-carbon bond forming method according to the present embodiment can form a carbon-carbon bond to obtain a desired compound, and a target product can be obtained with a high yield.
- the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction can be carried out in high yield even with aromatic bromides.
- the desired product can be obtained in a short reaction time and in a high yield.
- the carbon-carbon bond forming method according to the present embodiment the carbon-carbon bond forming method for forming a carbon-carbon bond to obtain a desired compound can be performed in a fixed bed continuous flow system, Carbon-carbon bonding reactions can be carried out with high yields on a variety of starting materials. Moreover, from the viewpoint of production efficiency, a high-concentration raw material solution can be used.
- Example 1 A monolith was manufactured according to the fifth method for manufacturing a monolithic ion exchanger, and ion exchange groups were introduced into the obtained monolith.
- Step II Manufacturing of Monolith (Step II) Then, 216.6 g of styrene as a monomer, 4.4 g of divinylbenzene as a cross-linking agent, 220 g of 1-decanol as an organic solvent, and 0.8 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as a polymerization initiator are mixed. and dissolved uniformly (step II).
- Fig. 11 shows the result of SEM observation of the internal structure of the monolith (dry body) containing 1.2 mol% of the cross-linking component of the styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer thus obtained.
- this monolith had a co-continuous structure in which the skeleton and the pores were three-dimensionally continuous and consisted of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase, and both phases were intertwined.
- the thickness of the continuous skeleton measured from the SEM image was 20 ⁇ m.
- the three-dimensionally continuous pores of this monolith had an average diameter of 70 ⁇ m and a total pore volume of 4.4 mL/g, as measured by mercury porosimetry. The average pore diameter was obtained from the maximum value of the pore distribution curve obtained by the mercury porosimetry.
- the anion exchange capacity of the obtained monolithic ion exchanger was 2.9 mg equivalent/g in a dry state, confirming that the quaternary ammonium groups were introduced quantitatively.
- the monolithic anion exchanger had a co-continuous structure in which the skeleton and pores were three-dimensionally continuous and both phases were intertwined.
- the thickness of the skeleton in the dry state measured from the SEM image was 20 ⁇ m
- the average diameter of the three-dimensionally continuous pores of this monolith anion exchanger in the dry state obtained from the measurement by the mercury intrusion method was 70 ⁇ m and the total pore volume in the dry state was 4.4 mL/g.
- the monolithic ion exchanger obtained in Example 1 is hereinafter referred to as "benzylic monolithic anion exchanger".
- the monolithic ion exchanger obtained in Comparative Example 1 is hereinafter referred to as "trimethyl-type monolithic anion exchanger".
- Example 2 The benzylic monolithic anion exchanger obtained in Example 1 was cut into a size of 600 mm ⁇ 150 mm ⁇ 100 mm. This was immersed in 300 mL of water at room temperature (25 ⁇ 2 ° C.) for 30 minutes to make it water wet, and then methanol, 2-propanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran (THF) as organic solvents. After washing three times with 150 mL each to sufficiently replace the moisture, the size was measured and the swelling rate (%) (length ratio) from the water-wet state was estimated. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated except that the benzyl-type monolithic anion exchanger was changed to a trimethyl-type monolithic anion exchanger. The results are shown in FIG.
- the ion exchangers of Examples showed less shrinkage when in contact with an organic solvent in a water-wet state compared to the ion exchangers of Comparative Examples.
- Example 3 (Production of platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst) The monolithic ion exchanger produced was dried under reduced pressure. The weight of the monolithic ion exchanger after drying was 8.7 g. This dry monolithic ion exchanger was immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid in which 146 mg of palladium chloride was dissolved at 25° C. for 24 hours to support tetrachloropalladate ions. After completion of the immersion, it was washed several times with pure water to prepare a monolithic ion exchanger supporting Pd ions.
- Platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst obtained in Example 3 is hereinafter referred to as "Pd ion-supported monolithic ion exchanger”.
- Example 4 Carbon-carbon bond formation reaction using Pd ion-supporting monolithic ion exchanger
- a solution of sodium hydroxide (35.2 mmol) in water (22 mL) as an inorganic base was added to a solution of /ethanol (32 mL, 1:1 (vol)) and stirred.
- This solution was passed through a SUS column filled with a monolithic ion exchanger ( ⁇ 4.6 ⁇ 30 mm) supporting Pd ions and heated to 80° C. at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, and a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution was stored. Collected in a flask.
- GC monolithic ion exchanger
- 2-cyano-4'-methylbiphenyl was obtained with a conversion rate of 80%.
- Example 5 4-MTHP/ethanol (48 mL, 1:1 ( vol)) solution was added with a solution of sodium hydroxide (52.8 mmol) in water (33 mL) as an inorganic base and stirred. This solution was passed through a SUS column filled with a monolithic ion exchanger ( ⁇ 4.6 ⁇ 30 mm) supporting Pd ions and heated to 80° C. at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, and a saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution was stored. Collected in a flask. As a result of analyzing the organic layer of the obtained liquid by GC, 4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl was obtained with a conversion rate of 71%.
- the anion exchange capacity of the obtained monolithic anion exchanger was 4.6 mg equivalent/g in a dry state, confirming that the quaternary ammonium groups were introduced quantitatively.
- the thickness of the skeleton in the dry state measured from the SEM image is 20 ⁇ m
- the average diameter of the three-dimensionally continuous pores of the monolithic anion exchanger in the dry state obtained from the measurement by the mercury intrusion method is 70 ⁇ m.
- the total pore volume in the dry state was 4.4 mL/g.
- the resulting monolithic strong base anion exchanger was dried under reduced pressure.
- the weight of the monolithic strong base anion exchanger after drying was 18.0 g.
- This dry monolith was immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid in which 1.80 g of palladium chloride was dissolved at 25° C. for 24 hours to support tetrachloropalladate ions. After completion of the immersion, it was washed several times with pure water to prepare a monolithic ion exchanger supporting Pd ions.
- the amount of palladium carried in the monolithic ion exchanger carrying Pd ions thus obtained was determined by ICP emission spectrometry, the amount of palladium carried was 4.8% by weight.
- the platinum group metal ion-supported catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 3 is hereinafter referred to as "Pd ion-supported monolith strong base anion exchanger”.
- the combined liquid was passed through a SUS column filled with the Pd ion-supporting monolithic strong base anion exchanger ( ⁇ 4.6 ⁇ 30 mm) produced in Comparative Example 3 and heated to 80 ° C., and saturated ammonium chloride It was collected in a flask containing an aqueous solution.
- 4-acetylbiphenyl was obtained with a conversion rate of 33%.
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that the Pd ion-supporting monolithic ion exchanger was changed to a Pd ion-supporting monolithic strong base anion exchanger. As a result, 2-cyano-4'-methylbiphenyl was obtained with a conversion rate of 14%.
- the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction could be performed with high yield even in aromatic bromides.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
で表される高分子鎖から構成される、イオン交換体である。
で表される高分子鎖と、
一般式(3)
で表される第三級アミンと、
を反応させる、イオン交換体の製造方法である。
本発明の実施形態に係るイオン交換体は、一般式(1)
で表される高分子鎖から構成される。
本発明の実施形態に係る白金族金属イオン担持触媒は、上記一般式(1)で表される高分子鎖から構成されるイオン交換体に、白金族金属イオンおよび白金族金属錯イオンのうち少なくとも1つが担持されている触媒である。
非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体は、連続骨格の相と連続空孔の相を有するモノリス状有機多孔質体にイオン交換基を導入したものである。上記一般式(1)で表される高分子鎖から構成される非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体は、塩基性のモノリス状有機多孔質アニオン交換体である。モノリス状有機多孔質体は、骨格間に流路となる連通孔を多数有する。なお、本明細書中、「モノリス状有機多孔質体」を単に「モノリス」と、「モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体」を単に「モノリスイオン交換体」とも言い、また、モノリスの製造における中間体(前駆体)である「モノリス状有機多孔質中間体」を単に「モノリス中間体」とも言う。
非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体のより具体的な実施形態として、例えば、以下に示す第1のモノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体(モノリスイオン交換体)~第5のモノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体(モノリスイオン交換体)が挙げられる。以下の説明において、上記の非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体と同様の構成については、その説明を省略する。
第1のモノリスイオン交換体は、互いにつながっているマクロポアとマクロポアの壁内に平均直径が1~1000μmの範囲の共通の開口(メソポア)を有する連続マクロポア構造を有し、全細孔容積が1~50mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布しているモノリスイオン交換体である。
第1のモノリスイオン交換体は、例えば、次の方法によって製造することができる。
で表される高分子鎖と、
一般式(3)
で表される第三級アミンと、
を反応させることによって、第1のモノリスイオン交換体を製造することができる。
第2のモノリスイオン交換体は、平均粒子径1~50μmの範囲の有機ポリマー粒子が凝集して三次元的に連続した骨格部分を形成し、その骨格間に平均直径が20~100μmの範囲の三次元的に連続した空孔を有し、全細孔容積は、1~10mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布しているモノリスイオン交換体である。
第2のモノリスイオン交換体は、例えば、次の方法によって製造することができる。
第3のモノリスイオン交換体は、気泡状のマクロポア同士が重なり合い、この重なる部分が平均直径30~300μmの範囲の開口となる連続マクロポア構造体であり、全細孔容積は、0.5~10mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布しており、かつ連続マクロポア構造体の切断面のSEM画像において、断面に表れる骨格部面積が、画像領域中25~50%の範囲であるモノリスイオン交換体である。
第3のモノリスイオン交換体は、例えば、次の方法によって製造することができる。
第4のモノリスイオン交換体は、イオン交換基が導入された全構成単位中、架橋構造単位を0.1~5.0モル%の範囲で含有する芳香族ビニルポリマーから構成される連続骨格の厚みが1~60μmの範囲の三次元的に連続した骨格と、その骨格間に平均直径が10~200μmの範囲の三次元的に連続した空孔とからなる共連続構造体であって、全細孔容積は、0.5~10mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が前記有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布しているモノリスイオン交換体である。
第4のモノリスイオン交換体は、例えば、次の方法によって製造することができる。
第5のモノリスイオン交換体は、連続骨格相と連続空孔相からなり、骨格は、表面に固着する直径4~40μmの範囲の複数の粒子体または有機多孔質体の骨格表面上に形成される大きさが4~40μmの範囲の複数の突起体を有し、連続空孔の平均直径は、10~200μmの範囲であり、全細孔容積は、0.5~10mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が前記有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布しているモノリスイオン交換体である。
第5のモノリスイオン交換体は、例えば、次の方法によって製造することができる。
(1)III工程における重合温度が、重合開始剤の10時間半減温度より、少なくとも5℃低い温度である。
(2)II工程で用いる架橋剤のモル%が、I工程で用いる架橋剤のモル%の2倍以上である。
(3)II工程で用いるビニルモノマーが、I工程で用いた油溶性モノマーとは異なる構造のビニルモノマーである。
(4)II工程で用いる有機溶媒が、分子量200以上のポリエーテルである。
(5)II工程で用いるビニルモノマーの濃度が、II工程の混合物中、30重量%以下である。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換体を用いてイオン交換(アニオン交換)を行うことができる。イオン交換は、被処理液とイオン交換体とを例えば0~100℃の温度で接触させればよい。例えば、イオン交換体を充填したカラムに被処理液を0~100℃の温度で通液することによって、イオン交換を行うことができる。
本実施形態に係る白金族金属イオン担持触媒は、上記イオン交換体に、白金族金属イオンおよび白金族金属錯イオンのうち少なくとも1つが担持されている触媒である。すなわち、白金族金属イオン担持触媒では、白金族金属がイオンの状態で上記イオン交換体に担持されている。例えば、白金族金属イオン担持触媒は、上記イオン交換体中の四級アンモニウム基に、白金族金属イオンまたは白金族金属錯イオンがイオン結合または配位結合により結合することによって担持されている触媒である。本実施形態に係る白金族金属イオン担持触媒は、好ましくは、上記非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体、例えば、第1のモノリスイオン交換体~第5のモノリスイオン交換体のいずれかに、白金族金属イオンおよび白金族金属錯イオンのうち少なくとも1つが担持されている触媒である。
本発明の実施形態に係る炭素-炭素結合形成方法は、例えば、上記白金族金属イオン担持触媒の存在下、(1)芳香族ハロゲン化物と有機ホウ素化合物との反応、(2)芳香族ハロゲン化物と末端にアルキニル基を有する化合物との反応、または(3)芳香族ハロゲン化物とアルケニル基を有する化合物との反応を行い、炭素-炭素結合を形成させる炭素-炭素結合形成方法である。
R4-B(OH)2
(R4は、有機基であり、有機基であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、直鎖状アルキル基、分岐鎖状アルキル基、環状アルキル基、芳香族炭素環式基、芳香族複素環式基等であり、本実施形態の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、これらの基には、メチル基、エチル基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、カルボキシル基、アセチル基等が導入されていてもよい。)で示される有機ホウ素化合物である。
Ar1-B(OH)2 (I)
(式中、Ar1は、炭素数6~18の芳香族炭素環式基または芳香族複素環式基である。)
Ar2-X (II)
(式中、Ar2は、炭素数6~18の芳香族炭素環式基または芳香族複素環式基であり、Xはハロゲン原子である。)
Ar1-Ar2 (III)
(式中、Ar1およびAr2は、上記式(I)および(II)と同様である。)
HC≡C-R5 (IV)
(式中、R5は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~18の芳香族炭素環式基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~18の芳香族複素環式基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~18の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~18のアルケニル基、または、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~10のアルキニル基である。)
Ar2-C≡C-R5 (V)
(式中、Ar2およびR5は、式(II)および(IV)と同様である。)
R6HC=CR7R8 (VI)
(式中、R6,R7,R8は、それぞれ独立して水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~18の芳香族炭素環式基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~18の芳香族複素環式基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~18の脂肪族炭化水素基、カルボン酸誘導体、酸アミド誘導体、またはシアノ基である。)
R6Ar2C=CR7R8 (VII)
(式中、Ar2,R6,R7,R8は、上記式(II)および上記式(VI)と同様である。)
第5のモノリスイオン交換体の製造方法にしたがって、モノリスの製造を行い、得られたモノリスにイオン交換基を導入した。
モノマーとしてスチレン9.28g、ジビニルベンゼン0.19g、界面活性剤としてソルビタンモノオレエート(以下SMOと略す)0.50gおよび重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)0.25gを混合し、均一になるように溶解させた。次に、このスチレン/ジビニルベンゼン/SMO/2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)混合物を180gの純水に添加し、遊星式撹拌装置である真空撹拌脱泡ミキサー(イーエムイー社製)を用いて減圧下撹拌して、油中水滴型エマルションを得た。このエマルションを速やかに反応容器に移し、密封後、静置下60℃で24時間重合させた。重合終了後、内容物を取り出し、メタノールで抽出した後、減圧乾燥して、連続マクロポア構造を有するモノリス中間体を製造した。このようにして得られたモノリス中間体(乾燥体)の内部構造をSEMにより観察した。SEM画像を図10に示すが、隣接する2つのマクロポアを区画する壁部は極めて細く棒状であるものの、連続マクロポア構造を有しており、水銀圧入法により測定したマクロポアとマクロポアが重なる部分の開口(メソポア)の平均直径は40μm、全細孔容積は18.2mL/gであった。
次いで、モノマーとしてスチレン216.6g、架橋剤としてジビニルベンゼン4.4g、有機溶媒として1-デカノール220g、重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)0.8gを混合し、均一になるように溶解させた(II工程)。
次に上記モノリス中間体を反応容器に入れ、このスチレン/ジビニルベンゼン/1-デカノール/2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)混合物に浸漬させ、減圧チャンバー中で脱泡した後、反応容器を密封し、静置下50℃で24時間重合させた。重合終了後、内容物を取り出し、アセトンでソックスレー抽出した後、減圧乾燥した(III工程)。
製造したモノリスをカラム状反応器に入れ、クロロスルホン酸1600g、四塩化スズ400g、ジメトキシメタン2500mLを含む溶液を循環、通液して、30℃、5時間反応させ、クロロメチル基を導入した。反応終了後、クロロメチル化モノリスをTHF/水=2/1(vol)の混合溶媒で洗浄し、さらにTHFで洗浄し、クロロメチル化モノリスを得た。
クロロメチル化モノリス20gにTHF390mLと第三級アミンとしてN,N-ジメチルベンジルアミン30mLを加え、60℃、6時間反応させた。反応終了後、生成物をメタノールで洗浄し、次いで純水で洗浄して、下記式(4)で表される高分子鎖から構成されるモノリスイオン交換体を得た。
(式中、Polymerは、スチレン―ジビニルベンゼン共重合体を表す。)
第三級アミンとしてN,N-ジメチルベンジルアミンに代えて、30%トリメチルアミン水溶液とすること以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、下記式(5)で表される高分子鎖から構成されるモノリスイオン交換体を得た。
(式中、Polymerは、スチレン―ジビニルベンゼン共重合体を表す。)
実施例1で得たベンジル型モノリスアニオン交換体を600mm×150mm×100mmの大きさで切り取った。これを室温(25±2℃)で300mLの水に30分間浸漬して水湿潤状態とした後、有機溶媒としてメタノール、2-プロパノール、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)150mLで3回それぞれ洗浄して、水分の置換を十分に行ったのち、大きさを採寸して、水湿潤状態からの膨潤率(%)(長さ比)を見積もった。その結果を図12に示す。
ベンジル型モノリスアニオン交換体をトリメチル型モノリスアニオン交換体にすること以外、実施例2と同様に行った。その結果を図12に示す。
(白金族金属イオン担持触媒の製造)
製造したモノリスイオン交換体を減圧乾燥した。乾燥後のモノリスイオン交換体の重量は、8.7gであった。この乾燥状態のモノリスイオン交換体を、塩化パラジウム146mgを溶解させた希塩酸に25℃で24時間浸漬し、テトラクロロパラジウム酸イオンを担持させた。浸漬終了後、数回純水で洗浄し、Pdイオン担持モノリスイオン交換体を調製した。得られたPdイオン担持モノリスイオン交換体中のパラジウムの担持量をICP発光分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス製、PS3520UVDDII型)で求めたところ、パラジウム担持量は1.0重量%であった。
(Pdイオン担持モノリスイオン交換体を用いた炭素-炭素結合形成反応)
実施例3で得たクロロメチルモノリス25.1gにTHF400mL、第三級アミンとして30%トリメチルアミン水溶液56mLを加え40℃、3時間反応させた。反応終了後、生成物をメタノールで洗浄し、次いで純水で洗浄して、下記式(5)で表される高分子鎖から構成されるモノリス強塩基アニオン交換体を得た。
(式中、Polymerは、スチレン―ジビニルベンゼン共重合体を表す。)
Pdイオン担持モノリスイオン交換体をPdイオン担持モノリス強塩基アニオン交換体にすること以外、実施例4と同様に行った。その結果、転化率14%で2-シアノ-4’-メチルビフェニルを得た。
Claims (17)
- 請求項1に記載のイオン交換体であって、
一般式(1)におけるLは、メチレン基であることを特徴とするイオン交換体。 - 請求項1または2に記載のイオン交換体であって、
前記イオン交換体の高分子鎖は、スチレン―ジビニルベンゼン系共重合体であることを特徴とする記載のイオン交換体。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のイオン交換体であって、
前記イオン交換体が、非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体であり、連続骨格相と連続空孔相とからなり、連続骨格の厚みは、1~100μmの範囲であり、連続空孔の平均直径は、1~1000μmの範囲であり、全細孔容積は、0.5~50mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が前記有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布していることを特徴とするイオン交換体。 - 一般式(2)
で表される高分子鎖と、
一般式(3)
で表される第三級アミンと、
を反応させることを特徴とするイオン交換体の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載のイオン交換体の製造方法であって、
一般式(1)におけるLは、メチレン基であることを特徴とするイオン交換体の製造方法。 - 請求項5または6に記載のイオン交換体の製造方法であって、
前記イオン交換体の高分子鎖は、スチレン―ジビニルベンゼン系共重合体であることを特徴とするイオン交換体の製造方法。 - 請求項5から7のいずれか1項に記載のイオン交換体の製造方法であって、
前記イオン交換体が、非粒子状有機多孔質イオン交換体であり、連続骨格相と連続空孔相とからなり、連続骨格の厚みは、1~100μmの範囲であり、連続空孔の平均直径は、1~1000μmの範囲であり、全細孔容積は、0.5~50mL/gの範囲であり、乾燥状態での重量当りのイオン交換容量は、1~9mg当量/gの範囲であり、イオン交換基が前記有機多孔質イオン交換体中に分布していることを特徴とするイオン交換体の製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のイオン交換体に、白金族金属イオンおよび白金族金属錯イオンのうち少なくとも1つが担持されていることを特徴とする白金族金属イオン担持触媒。
- 請求項9に記載の白金族金属イオン担持触媒であって、
前記白金族金属イオンおよび白金族金属錯イオンのうち少なくとも1つの担持量は、白金族金属原子換算で0.01~10.0質量%の範囲であることを特徴とする白金族金属イオン担持触媒。 - 請求項9または10に記載の白金族金属イオン担持触媒であって、
一般式(1)におけるR1は、炭素数6~20のアルキル基、または、炭素数1から4のアルキル基で置換されていてもよいベンジル基であることを特徴とする白金族金属イオン担持触媒。 - 請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の白金族金属イオン担持触媒であって、
一般式(1)におけるR1は、ドデシル基またはベンジル基であることを特徴とする白金族金属イオン担持触媒。 - 請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の白金族金属イオン担持触媒であって、
一般式(1)におけるR2,R3は、それぞれ独立してメチル基またはエチル基であることを特徴とする白金族金属イオン担持触媒。
- (1)芳香族ハロゲン化物と有機ホウ素化合物との反応、(2)芳香族ハロゲン化物と末端にアルキニル基を有する化合物との反応、または(3)芳香族ハロゲン化物とアルケニル基を有する化合物との反応を行い、炭素-炭素結合を形成させる炭素-炭素結合形成方法であって、
前記芳香族ハロゲン化物と前記有機ホウ素化合物とを含有する原料液(i)、前記芳香族ハロゲン化物と前記末端にアルキニル基を有する化合物とを含有する原料液(ii)、または前記芳香族ハロゲン化物と前記アルケニル基を有する化合物とを含有する原料液(iii)を、白金族金属イオン担持触媒が充填されている充填容器の導入経路より、前記充填容器内に導入し、前記白金族金属イオン担持触媒に前記原料液を通液し、反応液を前記充填容器の排出経路から排出することによって、炭素-炭素結合の形成反応を行い、
前記白金族金属イオン担持触媒が、請求項9~13のいずれか1項に記載の白金族金属イオン担持触媒であることを特徴とする炭素-炭素結合形成方法。 - 請求項14に記載の炭素-炭素結合形成方法であって、
無機塩基の存在下で、前記炭素-炭素結合の形成反応を行うことを特徴とする炭素-炭素結合形成方法。 - 請求項14または15に記載の炭素-炭素結合形成方法であって、
前記原料液(i)、前記原料液(ii)、または前記原料液(iii)が、水または親水性溶媒に、原料および無機塩基が溶解している無機塩基溶解原料液であり、
前記無機塩基溶解原料液を、前記白金族金属イオン担持触媒が充填されている前記充填容器の導入経路より、前記充填容器内に導入し、前記白金族金属イオン担持触媒に前記無機塩基溶解原料液を通液し、反応液を前記充填容器の排出経路から排出することによって、炭素-炭素結合の形成反応を行うことを特徴とする炭素-炭素結合形成方法。 - 請求項14または15に記載の炭素-炭素結合形成方法であって、
前記原料液(i)、前記原料液(ii)、または前記原料液(iii)が、疎水性の有機溶媒に原料が溶解している疎水性溶媒原料液であり、
前記疎水性溶媒原料液と、無機塩基が溶解している無機塩基水溶液と、の混合物を、前記白金族金属イオン担持触媒が充填されている前記充填容器の導入経路より、前記充填容器内に導入し、前記白金族金属イオン担持触媒に前記疎水性溶媒原料液および前記無機塩基水溶液を通液し、反応液を前記充填容器の排出経路から排出することによって、炭素-炭素結合の形成反応を行うことを特徴とする炭素-炭素結合形成方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/286,468 US20240216904A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-02 | Ion exchanger, method for producing ion exchanger, catalyst having platinum-group metal ion supported thereon, and method for forming carbon-carbon bond |
EP22787881.6A EP4324558A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-02 | Ion exchanger, method for producing ion exchanger, catalyst having platinum-group meal ion supported thereon, and method for forming carbon-carbon bond |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021068533A JP2022163532A (ja) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | 白金族金属イオン担持触媒および炭素-炭素結合形成方法 |
JP2021068532A JP2022163531A (ja) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | イオン交換体およびイオン交換体の製造方法 |
JP2021-068533 | 2021-04-14 | ||
JP2021-068532 | 2021-04-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022219953A1 true WO2022219953A1 (ja) | 2022-10-20 |
Family
ID=83640333
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/008803 WO2022219953A1 (ja) | 2021-04-14 | 2022-03-02 | イオン交換体およびイオン交換体の製造方法、白金族金属イオン担持触媒および炭素-炭素結合形成方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240216904A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4324558A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022219953A1 (ja) |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51151286A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1976-12-25 | Rohm & Haas | Manufacture of strong anion exchange resins |
JPH01316324A (ja) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-12-21 | Taisho Pharmaceut Co Ltd | コレステロール低下剤 |
JPH07501140A (ja) | 1991-10-21 | 1995-02-02 | コーネル・リサーチ・フアウンデーシヨン・インコーポレーテツド | マクロ細孔ポリマー媒体が備わっているカラム |
JPH08252579A (ja) | 1995-01-19 | 1996-10-01 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 多孔質イオン交換体および脱イオン水の製造方法 |
JP2002306976A (ja) | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-22 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 多孔質イオン交換体、それを用いる脱イオンモジュール及び電気式脱イオン水製造装置 |
JP2008212765A (ja) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-18 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 遷移金属固定化リアクター、及びその製造方法 |
JP2009007550A (ja) | 2007-05-28 | 2009-01-15 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 粒子凝集型モノリス状有機多孔質体、その製造方法、粒子凝集型モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体及びケミカルフィルター |
JP2009062512A (ja) | 2007-08-10 | 2009-03-26 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | モノリス状有機多孔質体、モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体、それらの製造方法及びケミカルフィルター |
JP2009067982A (ja) | 2007-08-22 | 2009-04-02 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | モノリス状有機多孔質体、モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体、それらの製造方法及びケミカルフィルター |
JP2009108294A (ja) | 2007-10-11 | 2009-05-21 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | モノリス状有機多孔質体、モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体、それらの製造方法及びケミカルフィルター |
JP5255215B2 (ja) | 2007-02-28 | 2013-08-07 | 一般財団法人川村理化学研究所 | 遷移金属固定化リアクター、及びその製造方法 |
JP2014015420A (ja) | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-30 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 炭素−炭素結合形成方法及び炭素−炭素結合形成反応用白金族金属担持触媒 |
JP5638862B2 (ja) | 2010-07-22 | 2014-12-10 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | ビアリール化合物の製造方法およびそれに利用可能なマイクロ波反応用触媒 |
JP2016190853A (ja) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-11-10 | オルガノ株式会社 | 炭素−炭素結合形成方法 |
JP2017119233A (ja) | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | オルガノ株式会社 | 有機溶剤の精製方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-03-02 WO PCT/JP2022/008803 patent/WO2022219953A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-03-02 EP EP22787881.6A patent/EP4324558A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-02 US US18/286,468 patent/US20240216904A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51151286A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1976-12-25 | Rohm & Haas | Manufacture of strong anion exchange resins |
JPH01316324A (ja) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-12-21 | Taisho Pharmaceut Co Ltd | コレステロール低下剤 |
JPH07501140A (ja) | 1991-10-21 | 1995-02-02 | コーネル・リサーチ・フアウンデーシヨン・インコーポレーテツド | マクロ細孔ポリマー媒体が備わっているカラム |
JPH08252579A (ja) | 1995-01-19 | 1996-10-01 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 多孔質イオン交換体および脱イオン水の製造方法 |
JP2002306976A (ja) | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-22 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 多孔質イオン交換体、それを用いる脱イオンモジュール及び電気式脱イオン水製造装置 |
JP5255215B2 (ja) | 2007-02-28 | 2013-08-07 | 一般財団法人川村理化学研究所 | 遷移金属固定化リアクター、及びその製造方法 |
JP2008212765A (ja) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-18 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 遷移金属固定化リアクター、及びその製造方法 |
JP2009007550A (ja) | 2007-05-28 | 2009-01-15 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 粒子凝集型モノリス状有機多孔質体、その製造方法、粒子凝集型モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体及びケミカルフィルター |
JP2009062512A (ja) | 2007-08-10 | 2009-03-26 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | モノリス状有機多孔質体、モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体、それらの製造方法及びケミカルフィルター |
JP2009067982A (ja) | 2007-08-22 | 2009-04-02 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | モノリス状有機多孔質体、モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体、それらの製造方法及びケミカルフィルター |
JP2009108294A (ja) | 2007-10-11 | 2009-05-21 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | モノリス状有機多孔質体、モノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体、それらの製造方法及びケミカルフィルター |
JP5638862B2 (ja) | 2010-07-22 | 2014-12-10 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | ビアリール化合物の製造方法およびそれに利用可能なマイクロ波反応用触媒 |
JP2014015420A (ja) | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-30 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 炭素−炭素結合形成方法及び炭素−炭素結合形成反応用白金族金属担持触媒 |
JP2017119233A (ja) | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | オルガノ株式会社 | 有機溶剤の精製方法 |
JP2016190853A (ja) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-11-10 | オルガノ株式会社 | 炭素−炭素結合形成方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHEMCATCHEM, vol. 11, 2019, pages 2427 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240216904A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 |
EP4324558A1 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5131911B2 (ja) | モノリス状有機多孔質体、その製造方法及びモノリス状有機多孔質イオン交換体 | |
JP5943744B2 (ja) | 炭素−炭素結合形成方法及び炭素−炭素結合形成反応用白金族金属担持触媒 | |
TWI476048B (zh) | 鉑族金屬載持觸媒,分解過氧化氫之處理水之製造方法,去除溶氧之處理水之製造方法及電子零件之洗淨方法 | |
US10647648B2 (en) | Method for purifying organic solvent | |
JP6178461B2 (ja) | 炭素−炭素結合形成方法 | |
JP6042278B2 (ja) | 白金族金属担持接触水素化還元触媒及び接触水素化還元方法 | |
JPWO2019221186A1 (ja) | 金属不純物含有量の分析方法及び金属不純物含有量の分析キット | |
WO2022219953A1 (ja) | イオン交換体およびイオン交換体の製造方法、白金族金属イオン担持触媒および炭素-炭素結合形成方法 | |
JP6042277B2 (ja) | 白金族金属担持触媒及び反応装置 | |
WO2020230555A1 (ja) | 炭素-炭素結合形成方法 | |
JP2022163532A (ja) | 白金族金属イオン担持触媒および炭素-炭素結合形成方法 | |
WO2022219870A1 (ja) | 白金族金属担持触媒カラムおよび炭素-炭素結合形成方法 | |
JP7081974B2 (ja) | 液体精製カートリッジ及び液体の精製方法 | |
JP2007154081A (ja) | 官能基導入用反応カラム、官能基導入装置及び官能基導入方法 | |
JP6529793B2 (ja) | 被処理液の処理方法及び被処理液の処理装置 | |
WO2022153604A1 (ja) | 白金族金属イオン担持触媒及び炭素-炭素結合形成方法 | |
TW201946878A (zh) | 超純水之製造方法、超純水製造系統及離子交換體充填模組 | |
JP5567958B2 (ja) | 白金族金属担持触媒の製造方法 | |
WO2022264471A1 (ja) | 接触水素化還元方法 | |
JP2022163531A (ja) | イオン交換体およびイオン交換体の製造方法 | |
CN107850837B (zh) | 有机酸酯类液体的制造方法,及电子零件制作用阻剂溶剂或电子零件制作用清洗液的制造方法 | |
TWI447150B (zh) | 單塊(monolith)狀有機多孔質體、單塊狀有機多孔質離子交換體及該等之製造方法 | |
JP2022186263A (ja) | カルボン酸チオエステルの製造方法 | |
JP6723781B2 (ja) | エステル化合物の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22787881 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18286468 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022787881 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022787881 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231114 |