WO2022210824A1 - 心筋細胞塊の製造方法 - Google Patents
心筋細胞塊の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C12N2506/45—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from artificially induced pluripotent stem cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing cardiomyocyte clusters.
- Cardiomyocyte transplantation has been proposed as a treatment for serious heart disease.
- Cardiomyocytes to be transplanted may be in the form of sheets or clusters of cardiomyocytes.
- clusters of cardiomyocytes are said to have a high therapeutic effect because they can be directly injected into the heart with an injection needle. Since such transplantation requires a large amount of myocardial cell aggregates, there are high expectations for the establishment of mass production techniques for myocardial cell aggregates.
- As a method for producing a cardiomyocyte cluster a method of preparing a cardiomyocyte cluster from single-celled cardiomyocytes after purification is known.
- a method for producing a myocardial cell cluster which comprises a step of aggregating single-cell myocardial cells by culturing them in a vessel in a liquid-suspended state while stirring the cells.
- the method for producing a cardiomyocyte mass according to (1) wherein the inner surface of the container is non-adherent to cells.
- the method for producing a cardiomyocyte mass according to (1) or (2) wherein the container has a volume of 5 mL or more.
- the cardiomyocyte cell concentration in the liquid is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL or less.
- a large amount of cardiomyocyte clusters can be easily obtained by the method of the present invention.
- the present invention can contribute to the spread of cardiomyocyte transplantation.
- FIG. 1 is an image showing the state of cardiomyocyte clusters when the wing tip speed is changed in Examples 1 to 3.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an image showing the state of cardiomyocyte clusters 3 hours after the start of culture in Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is an image showing the state of cardiomyocyte clusters at 48 hours after the start of culture in Comparative Examples 1-3.
- FIG. 4 is an image showing the state of cardiomyocyte clusters at 48 hours after the start of culture in Examples 1-5.
- 5 is an image showing the state of cardiomyocyte clusters at 24 hours after the start of culture in Example 6.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing changes in blade tip speed during culture in Examples 1 to 6.
- FIG. 7 is an image showing the results of Live/Dead assay of cardiomyocyte clusters 48 hours after the start of culture in Example 4.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a myocardial cell cluster, which comprises a step of aggregating single-cell myocardial cells by culturing them in a vessel in a state of being suspended in a liquid while agitating the cells.
- the stirring can be carried out, for example, in a container equipped with a stirring blade or a stirring element (hereinafter also referred to as "stirring blade or the like").
- the culturing can be performed while stirring with a stirring blade or the like, for example.
- cardiomyocytes used in the present invention will be described.
- single-celled myocardial cells are used to produce cardiomyocyte clusters.
- Cardiomyocytes used in the present invention are not limited, but may be, for example, cardiomyocytes collected from living organisms, purified and/or grown cardiomyocytes, or cardiomyocytes induced from stem cells or the like. can be
- the cardiomyocytes used in the present invention are preferably pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, for example, cardiomyocytes obtained by differentiation induction from pluripotent stem cells, as described later. Conventionally known methods can be used for unicellularization of cardiomyocytes, although not limited thereto.
- Single-celled cardiomyocytes are preferably purified.
- Conventionally well-known methods can be used for purification of cardiomyocytes, although not limited thereto.
- methods for purifying cardiomyocytes include using a medium with a composition that allows only cardiomyocytes to survive, raising the culture temperature, and adding substances that specifically act on pluripotent stem cells.
- the purity of cardiomyocytes used in the present invention is not limited, but is, for example, 50% or higher, 80% or higher, 90% or higher, or 95% or higher.
- the rate of cardiac troponin T-positive cells can be mentioned. If the single-celled cardiomyocyte used in the present invention has a cardiac troponin T-positive cell rate of 50% or more, a high-quality cardiomyocyte cluster can be obtained.
- the T-positive cell rate is preferably 50% or higher, more preferably 80% or higher, particularly preferably 90% or higher, and most preferably 95% or higher.
- the cardiac troponin T-positive cell rate can be determined by conventionally known immunological techniques such as flow cytometry using fluorescent labeling and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA method).
- ELIA method electrochemiluminescence immunoassay
- Cardiomyocytes used in the present invention are more preferably ventricular myocytes.
- Ventricular muscle markers include MLC2v.
- Cardiomyocyte transplantation therapy requires a large amount of the above cardiomyocytes.
- Pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and embryonic stem cells (ES cells) have the property that they can proliferate indefinitely, so they are suitable as raw materials for cardiomyocytes used in the present invention.
- Non-neoplastic pluripotent stem cells such as are also preferred from a safety standpoint.
- the cardiomyocytes are preferably derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
- cardiomyocytes to be used may be thawed immediately prior to use in the methods of the invention.
- the cell viability at the time of seeding the cardiomyocytes into the container is 50% or more, the proportion of dead cells in the suspension (liquid in which the cardiomyocytes are cultured) is low, and high-quality cardiomyocyte clusters are produced. Therefore, the cell viability at the time of seeding the cardiomyocytes used in the present invention into a container is preferably 50% or higher, more preferably 55% or higher, still more preferably 60% or higher, particularly preferably 65% or higher, and most preferably 65% or higher. is 70% or more.
- the size of the cardiomyocyte clusters obtained by the present invention will be uniform. is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, particularly preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more.
- the suspension at the start of culture may contain aggregates of 2, 3, 4, or more cardiomyocytes. (Regarding the culture vessel)
- the culture vessel used in the present invention will be explained.
- the production of the cardiomyocyte mass of the present invention can be performed in a container equipped with (installed) a stirring blade or the like.
- the "container equipped with a stirring blade or the like” includes a container in which the stirring blade is integrated with the container and a container in which the stirrer is fixed by magnetic force or the like.
- the shape of the vessel, stirring blades, etc. is not limited, but those capable of uniformly dispersing the cells are preferred.
- the shape of the container can be cylindrical.
- the stirring blades may be, but are not limited to, turbine type, paddle type, propeller type, or the like.
- the stirrer may be, but is not limited to, rod-shaped, cross-shaped, propeller-shaped, or the like.
- the mounting position of the stirring blades and the like is not limited, but may be, for example, the bottom surface or the top portion (cover, etc.) of the container.
- Examples of the container equipped with stirring blades that can be used in the present invention include containers equipped with paddle-type stirring blades on the bottom surface.
- the paddle-type stirring blade may be, for example, a flat plate (for example, a shape such as a rectangle, square, or triangle, or a shape that widens toward the bottom surface) attached to a rotating shaft.
- examples of vessels equipped with stirring blades that can be used in the present invention include single-use reactors for stem cell culture from ABLE, disposable spinner flasks from Corning, and BioBLU Single Use Vessel from Eppendorf. is mentioned.
- cardiomyocytes may adhere to the inner surface of the culture container due to the characteristics of the cardiomyocytes themselves even if no adhesive substrate is added. It is preferably adhesive.
- the method of treating the inner surface of the container to make it non-adhesive to cells is not limited, but there is a method of coating the inner surface of the container with a cell non-adhesive substance, for example, a hydrophilic agent such as polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (p-HEMA). a method of coating by dissolving a polar polymer in ethanol, adding it into a container, and drying it. In addition to p-HEMA, phospholipid polymers such as NOF Lipidure can also be used. Also, a culture vessel manufactured using a cell non-adhesive material may be used. Non-cell-adhesive materials include, but are not limited to, polystyrene and the like.
- the volume of the container used in the present invention can be, for example, 3 mL or more, preferably 5 mL or more. If the volume of the container is 5 mL or more, a large amount of cardiomyocyte clusters can be produced. Therefore, the volume of the container used in the present invention is preferably 5 mL or more, more preferably 15 mL or more, and 50 mL. It is more preferably 100 mL or more for commercial production, and preferably 500 mL or more when used for treatment of relatively small patients, and for relatively large patients.
- the volume of the container is 70 L or less, cell clusters can be produced with good handling properties, so the volume of the container used in the present invention is preferably 70 L or less, more preferably 30 L or less, and 15 L. It is more preferably 10 L or less, particularly preferably 10 L or less, and most preferably 7 L or less.
- the container used in the present invention is preferably sterilized, and more preferably disposable.
- the container used in the present invention is also preferably a container that can ensure sterility during the production of cardiomyocyte clusters (during culture).
- the cell-suspending liquid used in the step of aggregating the cells by culturing the single-celled cardiomyocytes in a liquid-suspended state with stirring is not limited, but the cardiomyocytes such as carmyA (Myoridge), RPMI medium + B27 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), MEM- ⁇ medium + 5% fetal bovine serum (Fetal Bovine Serum), and the like.
- the liquid for cell suspension can be exchanged by an operation generally referred to as medium exchange in the art.
- Medium exchange is not limited, but may be performed periodically, such as every hour, every 4 hours, every 8 hours, every 12 hours, every 24 hours, every 48 hours, or irregularly. good.
- the amount to be replaced is not limited, but may be substantially the entire amount or half the amount.
- Medium exchange may be carried out by constantly exchanging a predetermined amount by perfusion.
- a ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) inhibitor maintains the viability of cardiomyocytes in a unicellular state and promotes aggregation, so it is preferable to add a ROCK inhibitor to the medium.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium may be within a range in which the above effects are exhibited and cytotoxicity is not exhibited.
- the lower limit of the ROCK inhibitor concentration in the medium is not limited, but includes, for example, 1 ⁇ M, 2 ⁇ M, or 3 ⁇ M, and the upper limit of the ROCK inhibitor concentration in the medium is not limited, for example, 50 ⁇ M or 25 ⁇ M , or 10 ⁇ M.
- the ROCK inhibitor may be continuously added during the culture, but may be removed during the culture. Examples of ROCK inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Y-27632 (N-(4-pyridinyl)-4 ⁇ -[(R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexane-1 ⁇ -carbamide).
- the amount of suspension in the container is preferably the volume recommended by the container manufacturer in consideration of liquid splashing during flow.
- the amount of suspension in the container is, for example, 3 mL to 70 L, 3 mL to 30 L, 3 mL to 15 L, 3 mL to 10 L, 3 mL to 7.5 L, 3 mL to 3 L, 3 mL to 1.5 L, 3 mL to 500 mL, 3 mL-100 mL, 3 mL-50 mL, 3 mL-30 mL, 3 mL-10 mL, 3 mL-7 mL, 5 mL-70 L, 5 mL-30 L, 5 mL-15 L5 mL-L, 5 mL-7.5 L, 5 mL-3 L, 5 mL-1.
- the seeding method is not limited, but a method in which a prescribed amount of medium is added to the container in advance and then cardiomyocytes suspended in liquid are added, or cardiomyocytes are suspended in liquid so as to have a predetermined cell density. and a method of adding a predetermined number of myocardial cells to the container and then adding a liquid to a predetermined volume.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that the cardiomyocytes and/or forming cardiomyocyte clusters are in suspension in a liquid.
- a certain substance cells or cell aggregates
- "suspended in a liquid” means a state in which the substance is suspended in a liquid such as a medium, and the substance settles to the bottom of the container. This includes the state where the substance can be released from the inner surface of the container with a slight stimulus. If the cell concentration of cardiomyocytes in the suspension is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL or more, the cost of liquid components such as medium is low, and cells easily form aggregates, so the method of the present invention.
- the cell concentration of cardiomyocytes in the suspension in is not limited, it is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL or more, It is particularly preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL or more, most preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL or more.
- the cardiomyocyte cell concentration in the suspension is 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL or less, overaggregation of cardiomyocytes can be easily suppressed.
- the cell concentration of the cells is not limited, it is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL or less, and 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells.
- the cell concentration of cardiomyocytes in suspension in the method of the present invention is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL to 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL to 1 0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL to 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL to 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL, 1 0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL to 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL to 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL to 1 0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL to 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL, 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL to 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/mL, 1 .0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL to 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL,
- the thawed myocardial cells may contain debris, which is a body of dead cells, depending on the cell freezing method, storage method, and thawing method.
- the suspension containing thawed myocardial cells it is preferable to pass the suspension containing thawed myocardial cells through a cell strainer to remove debris before use. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, the cardiomyocyte-derived debris can be removed in advance using a cell strainer before the culture of the cardiomyocytes is started.
- the mesh size of the cell strainer should be large enough to remove debris.
- the opening of the cell strainer is not limited, but it is desirable that single cells can pass through it.
- the culture temperature in the step of aggregating the cells by culturing the single-celled cardiomyocytes in a state of being suspended in a liquid while stirring is not limited, but is preferably 30 to 45°C. More preferably 36-38°C, most preferably 37°C.
- the gas composition and concentration in the environment during the culture are not particularly limited, and the culture can be performed, for example, in an incubator under a carbon dioxide gas atmosphere, which is commonly used.
- the carbon dioxide gas concentration during the culture is not limited, but is preferably 0 to 10%, such as 4 to 6%, such as about 5%.
- the oxygen concentration during the culture is not limited, but if it is 1% or more, cell death is unlikely to occur, so it is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 10% or more, and 15% or more.
- the oxygen concentration during the culture is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, since unnecessary cell oxidation can be suppressed if it is 40% or less. is more preferable, 22% or less is particularly preferable, and 21% or less is most preferable.
- the amount of dissolved oxygen in the suspension of cardiomyocytes in the step of aggregating the cells by culturing the single-celled cardiomyocytes while suspending them in a liquid is not limited.
- the amount of dissolved oxygen when the liquid component is saturated with a sufficient amount of air is taken as 100, if it is 10 or more, it is easy to suppress cell death, and if it is 100 or less, there is no need for extra ventilation. It is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 25 or more and 100 or less, further preferably 40 or more and 100 or less, particularly preferably 50 or more and 100 or less, and most preferably 80 or more and 100 or less.
- the culture time of cardiomyocytes is not limited, but is ⁇ 60 hours, can be 24-48 hours.
- blade tip speed here, the blade tip speed during stirring culture will be explained.
- the "blade tip speed" of a stirring blade or the like means the peripheral speed of the portion (blade tip) of the stirring blade or the like furthest from the rotating shaft or center of rotation.
- the method for producing a myocardial cell mass of the present invention is characterized in that it is carried out while the suspension containing the cells is fluidized by rotating a stirring blade or the like in the vessel.
- a stirring blade or the like for example, by placing the container containing the suspension containing cardiomyocytes on a magnetic stirrer and continuing to stir with a stirring blade or the like to which a magnetic body (permanent magnet, etc.) is fixed to the lower end, the cells eventually aggregate. and cell clusters are formed.
- the blade tip speed of the agitating blade, etc. can be adjusted according to the cell line and culture medium to be used, and is not limited.
- the blade tip speed of the stirring blade is not limited, it is preferably 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s or less from the viewpoint of the stability of the cardiomyocyte mass, and is preferably 1.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s.
- the rotation speed of the stirring blade etc. is not limited, but is, for example, 1 rpm to 100 rpm, 1 rpm to 80 rpm, 1 rpm to 60 rpm, 1 rpm to 55 rpm, 5 rpm to 100 rpm, 5 rpm to 80 rpm, 5 rpm to 60 rpm, 5 rpm to 55 rpm, 15 rpm.
- the wing tip speed that promotes aggregation and the wing tip speed that maintains the cardiomyocyte cluster size can be appropriately selected according to the target size of the cardiomyocyte cluster.
- the present invention also allows the blade tip speed (speed of agitation) to be varied during culture, which allows for more precise control of cardiomyocyte cluster size.
- the wing tip speed (speed of agitation) is not limited, but can be changed (eg increased) stepwise or continuously during culturing, for example.
- the blade tip speed is not limited, but can be performed, for example, at the timing when a precursor having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more is formed, the timing when a cardiomyocyte cluster close to the target size is formed, or the like.
- the progenitor referred to herein is a cell aggregate in the preliminary stage of the cardiomyocyte cluster, which later condenses to become the cardiomyocyte cluster.
- the initial speed of the blade tip speed (speed at the start of culture) is not limited, but is, for example, 7.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m/s to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 1.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 3.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 3.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/ s to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 4.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 7.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m/s to 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 1.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s , 3.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 3.9 ⁇ 10
- the final speed of the blade tip speed (speed at the end of culture) is not limited, but is, for example, 6.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s, 7.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s, 7.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s, 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/ s to 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s, 8.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 m/s, 6.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 9.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 7.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 9.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 7.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 9.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s , 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s to 9.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s, 8.5 ⁇ 10
- the wing tip speed is 1-48 hours, 1-36 hours, 1-24 hours, 1-16 hours, 1-14 hours, 1-12 hours, 1 ⁇ 10 hours later, 1-8 hours later, 1-6 hours later, 3-48 hours later, 3-36 hours later, 3-24 hours later, 3-16 hours later, 3-14 hours later, 3-12 hours later hours later, 3-10 hours later, 3-8 hours later, 3-6 hours later, 6-48 hours later, 6-36 hours later, 6-24 hours later, 6-16 hours later, 6-14 hours later , 6-12 hours, 6-10 hours, 6-8 hours, 6 hours, 14 hours, or 24 hours.
- the wing tip speed can be increased multiple times (eg, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) during the culture.
- the method for recovering the suspension containing the cardiomyocyte clusters is not limited, but after making the suspension sufficiently uniform, or after allowing the cardiomyocyte clusters to settle on the bottom surface, using a pipettor, a syringe, or the like. collection method.
- the amount of suspension to be collected may be the entire amount or a part of the amount in the container. When collecting the entire amount of the suspension in the container, it is also possible to collect the cardiomyocyte clusters remaining in the container after the above operation by washing with the medium.
- the collected myocardial cell mass may be centrifuged to remove medium components and replaced with a solution or the like used for transplantation.
- Method for removing single cells that did not form cardiomyocyte clusters Single cells remaining after the formation of cardiomyocyte clusters have a low survival rate and are therefore preferably removed.
- the method for removing single cells is not limited, but there is a method of sedimenting cardiomyocyte clusters in a culture vessel with a stirring blade or the like stopped and removing only floating single cells, or a method in which only single cells can pass through the entire suspension. a method in which the whole suspension is collected in a centrifugal tube and then centrifuged to separate and remove cardiomyocyte aggregates and single cells; and the like. (Regarding quality of cardiomyocyte clusters)
- the quality of the myocardial cell mass produced by the method for producing a myocardial cell mass of the present invention (referred to as "the myocardial cell mass of the present invention") will be described.
- a beating cardiomyocyte mass can be obtained. Therefore, the cardiomyocyte mass of the present invention may be beating.
- the myocardial cell mass of the present invention is preferably a myocardial cell mass that is uniformly beating as a whole.
- the term "pulsation" as used herein means that the myocardial cell mass repeats contraction and relaxation at regular intervals or at approximately regular intervals.
- the production method of the present invention it is possible to obtain a myocardial cell mass with a good shape and high sphericity.
- an index of the shape for example, an aspect ratio can be mentioned.
- the aspect ratio can be obtained from the ratio of the minimum ferret diameter to the maximum ferret diameter.
- the cardiomyocyte mass of the present invention provided by the production method of the present invention preferably has an average aspect ratio of 0.60 or more, more preferably 0.65 or more, still more preferably 0.70 or more, and particularly preferably It can be 0.75 or greater, most preferably 0.80 or greater.
- cardiomyocyte aggregates of the present invention provided by the production method of the present invention preferably have a standard deviation of cell aggregate size of 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less of the average cell aggregate size. , particularly preferably 30% or less, and most preferably 20% or less.
- the term “cardiomyocyte cluster” as used herein refers to a cell cluster with a size of 30 ⁇ m or more to which two or more cardiomyocytes are adhered.
- the average size of the cardiomyocyte clusters of the present invention is not limited, but is preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 75 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 100 ⁇ m in terms of expression of cardiomyocyte functions (pulsation, etc.). Above, it is particularly preferably 125 ⁇ m or more, and most preferably 150 ⁇ m or more.
- the average size of the cardiomyocyte clusters of the present invention is preferably 2000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1500 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 2000 ⁇ m or less, because it is easy to inject at the time of transplantation if the cardiomyocyte cluster has an average size of 2000 ⁇ m or less. is 500 ⁇ m or less, most preferably 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the "size of cell mass" as used herein is the average particle diameter on a volume basis, and is obtained by averaging the minimum ferret diameter and the maximum ferret diameter.
- the seeded viable cells form cardiomyocyte clusters with high efficiency.
- the total number of cardiomyocytes constituting the cardiomyocyte cluster is preferably 15% or more of the number of viable cells seeded in the vessel (at the start of culture) from the viewpoint of the efficiency of preparation of the cardiomyocyte cluster, and more preferably. 30% or more, more preferably 45% or more, particularly preferably 60% or more, and most preferably 75% or more.
- cardiomyocyte clusters with few dead cells can be provided.
- Methods for confirming viable cells and dead cells in the cardiomyocyte mass include, but are not limited to, a method using Live/Dead Cell Staining Kit II (PromoKine).
- live cells are stained with Calcein-AM and dead cells with EthD-III, respectively.
- the cell viability of the cardiomyocyte clusters can be evaluated, for example, by double staining the cardiomyocyte clusters with Calcein-AM and EthD-III, and using a phase-contrast microscope or the like to obtain a fluorescence-photographed stained image. It may be evaluated by calculating the ratio of area stained with EthD-III to the area.
- the cardiomyocyte mass of the present invention is double-stained with Calcein-AM and EthD-III
- the area of the region stained with EthD-III is the area of the region stained with Calcein-AM: It is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, still more preferably 20% or less, particularly preferably 15% or less, and most preferably 10% or less.
- Another method for confirming viable and dead cells in cardiomyocyte clusters is to prepare frozen sections of cardiomyocyte clusters and perform immunostaining.
- the frozen section used for staining is preferably a frozen section cut from a plane passing through the center of gravity of the myocardial cell cluster because it most accurately represents the inside of the cell cluster.
- Apoptosis markers include Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-7 and the like.
- the cardiomyocyte cluster is cut so as to pass through the center of gravity of the cardiomyocyte cluster, and the cell viability of the cardiomyocyte cluster is evaluated from the ratio of the number of cells stained with an apoptosis marker in the cross section to the total number of cells in the cross section.
- this ratio is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and further It is preferably 30% or less, particularly preferably 30% or less, most preferably 10% or less.
- the cardiomyocyte mass of the present invention can be transplanted into heart tissue of an individual (living body) by various techniques.
- the cardiomyocyte mass of the present invention can be administered into the myocardium of the heart using an injection or catheter.
- a cardiomyocyte mass is produced by the method of the present invention without using a special liquid component, it can be used for transplantation without replacing the liquid component of the suspension. It can also be transplanted after substituting with saline).
- the cardiomyocyte clusters of the present invention have a small size distribution and a good shape, problems such as clogging with injection needles are unlikely to occur. It is preferable to collect and use only myocardial cell clusters that have passed through an injection needle, channel, sieve, or the like having openings. Especially when a less invasive injection needle of 30G or less is desired, it is effective to remove the myocardial cell clusters that do not pass through the injection needle.
- a method for easily obtaining a large amount of suitable cardiomyocyte clusters at once like the present invention has not been known until now, and it can be said that the present invention is a very excellent and epoch-making invention.
- Y-27632 in Table 1 is a ROCK inhibitor.
- Procedure 3 From the vials warmed in Procedure 2), the cell suspensions were each transferred to 50 mL centrifuge tubes without pipetting.
- Procedure 5) 1 mL of the thawing medium obtained in Procedure 1) was added to the cell suspension obtained in Procedure 4) at 1 drop/2 seconds and shaken.
- Procedure 7) The cell suspension obtained in Procedure 6) was centrifuged at 300 xg for 3 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Step 8) The cells precipitated in step 7) were resuspended in 500 ⁇ L of thawing medium and counted using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Countess II FL automatic cell counter. Procedure 9) Based on the cell count results, the cell suspension of Procedure 8) containing 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 viable cells was added to 1 well of a round-bottom 96-well plate (Cell culture plate 96-well, Round Bottom). After seeding, the total volume was adjusted to 100 ⁇ L with a thawing medium, and static culture was performed.
- Procedure 10) Place the 12-well plate of procedure 9) on an Orbital Shaker OS-762 manufactured by Optima (swirl along the horizontal plane with a swirl width (diameter) of 25 mm) and start culturing at a swirl speed of 100 rpm. did. (This point is defined as 0 hours after the start of culture.)
- (Comparative Example 3) Cell thawing and seeding into culture vessels were performed according to the following procedure. Procedure 1) A thawing medium was prepared by adding Y-27632 to a seeding medium for CarmyA to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M and warmed to 37°C.
- Procedure 2 One vial containing cryopreserved human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes was warmed in a water bath at 37°C for 120 seconds. Step 3) Transfer the cell suspension from the vial warmed in step 2) into a 15 mL tube containing 10 mL of thawing medium from step 1). At this time, no pipettor was used to homogenize the cell suspension. Procedure 4) The vial of Procedure 3) was washed with 1 mL of the thawing medium in the tube of Procedure 3), and 1 mL of the medium after washing was returned to the tube. Procedure 5) After centrifuging the tube of Procedure 4) at 300 xg for 3 minutes, the supernatant was removed.
- Step 6) The cells precipitated in step 5) were resuspended in 500 ⁇ L of thawing medium and counted using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Countess II FL automatic cell counter.
- Procedure 7) Based on the cell count results, the cell suspension of Procedure 6) containing 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 viable cells was passed through a strainer with an opening of 35 ⁇ m, seeded in one well of a 12-well plate, and placed in a thawing medium. to make the total amount 1 mL.
- Procedure 8) Based on the cell count results, the cell suspension of Procedure 6) containing 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 viable cells was seeded in 1 well of a 12-well plate, and the total volume was adjusted to 1 mL with thawing medium.
- Procedure 9 Placed on an Orbital Shaker OS-762 manufactured by Optima (swirling in a circle along a horizontal plane with a swirling width (diameter) of 25 mm), and culture was started at a swirling speed of 100 rpm. (This point is defined as 0 hours after the start of culture.)
- Example 1 Cell thawing and seeding into a 5 mL single-use reactor for stem cell culture (hereinafter, reactor) were performed according to the following procedure.
- Procedure 1) A thawing medium was prepared by adding Y-27632 to a seeding medium for CarmyA to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M and warmed to 37°C.
- Procedure 2 One vial containing cryopreserved human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes was warmed in a water bath at 37°C for 120 seconds. Step 3) Transfer the cell suspension from the vial warmed in step 2) into a 15 mL tube containing 10 mL of thawing medium from step 1). At this time, no pipettor was used to homogenize the cell suspension. Procedure 4) The vial of Procedure 3) was washed with 1 mL of the thawing medium in the tube of Procedure 3), and 1 mL of the medium after washing was returned to the tube. Procedure 5) After centrifuging the tube of Procedure 4) at 300 xg for 3 minutes, the supernatant was removed.
- Step 6) The cells precipitated in step 5) were resuspended in 500 ⁇ L of thawing medium and counted using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Countess II FL automatic cell counter.
- Procedure 7) Based on the cell count results, the cell suspension of Procedure 6) containing 7.5 ⁇ 10 5 viable cells was passed through a strainer with an opening of 70 ⁇ m, and thawing medium was added to make the total volume 5 mL in the reactor. sown.
- Procedure 9 After 24 hours from the start of the culture, confirm the presence of cardiomyocyte clusters close to the target size as observed in FIG. and the stirring culture was continued until 48 hours after the start of the culture.
- Example 2 The following experiment was performed for the purpose of obtaining a smaller myocardial cell mass than in Example 1 by changing the timing of increasing the wing tip speed. Procedures 1) to 8) described in Example 1 were performed. After 14 hours of culturing, the presence of precursors with a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more as observed in FIG. , the agitation culture was continued until 48 hours after the start of the culture.
- Example 3 The following experiment was conducted for the purpose of obtaining a smaller myocardial cell mass than in Example 2 by changing the timing of increasing the wing tip speed. Procedures 1) to 8) described in Example 1 were performed. After 6 hours from the start of the culture, the presence of precursors with a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more as observed in FIG. , the agitation culture was continued until 48 hours after the start of the culture. (Example 4) The following experiment was performed for the purpose of obtaining cardiomyocyte clusters smaller than those in Example 2 and with less variation in particle size by increasing the wing tip speed stepwise. Procedures 1) to 8) described in Example 1 were performed.
- the blade tip speed was increased to 4.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s (reactor stirring speed: 30 rpm), and two hours after the start of culture, the blade tip speed was increased to 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s (reactor The stirring speed was increased to 35 rpm).
- the blade tip speed was increased to 7.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s (reactor stirring speed: 45 rpm), and stirring culture was continued until 48 hours after the start of culture.
- Example 5 A single-use reactor for cell thawing and 5 mL stem cell culture (hereinafter, reactor) for the purpose of improving the productivity of cardiomyocyte clusters by changing the seeding density of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes in suspension was sown according to the following procedure.
- a thawing medium was prepared by adding Y-27632 to a seeding medium for CarmyA to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M and warmed to 37°C.
- Procedure 2 One vial containing cryopreserved human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes was warmed in a water bath at 37°C for 120 seconds.
- Step 3) Transfer the cell suspension from the vial warmed in step 2) into a 15 mL tube containing 10 mL of thawing medium from step 1). At this time, no pipettor was used to homogenize the cell suspension.
- Procedure 4) The vial of Procedure 3) was washed with 1 mL of the thawing medium in the tube of Procedure 3), and 1 mL of the medium after washing was returned to the tube.
- Step 6) The cells precipitated in step 5) were resuspended in 500 ⁇ L of thawing medium and counted using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Countess II FL automatic cell counter.
- Step 7) Based on the cell count results, pass the cell suspension of Step 6) containing 3.0 ⁇ 10 6 viable cells through a strainer with an opening of 70 ⁇ m, add thawing medium to make the total volume 5 mL, and put it into the reactor. sown.
- Procedure 8) The culture was started at a blade tip speed of 5.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 m/s (reactor agitation speed of 35 rpm). (This point is defined as 0 hours after the start of culture.)
- Procedure 9) After 3 hours from the start of the culture, the presence of precursors with a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more as observed in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the morphology of the cells in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 48 hours after the initiation of culture.
- Comparative Example 1 formation of cardiomyocyte clusters and pulsation of cardiomyocyte clusters were not observed until 48 hours after the start of culture. Since the flow of cells is not sufficient in static culture, it is expected that it will take time to form cells.
- Comparative Example 2 in which cardiomyocyte clusters were produced by spinning culture, formation of cardiomyocyte clusters was observed, but overaggregation occurred, and one large cardiomyocyte cluster (overaggregate) was formed. The occurrence of excessive aggregates is not desirable because the excessive aggregates may clog the transplant needle used for transplantation, and the cells inside the excessive aggregates die because they cannot supply nutrients and discharge waste products.
- the morphology of the cells 48 hours after the start of culture in Examples 1 to 5 and the morphology of the cells 24 hours after the start of culture in Example 6 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively.
- Examples 1 to 5 formation of cardiomyocyte clusters was confirmed 24 hours after the start of culture.
- Example 6 the formation of cardiomyocyte clusters could not be confirmed at 24 hours after the start of culture, and the cardiomyocytes remained single cells, but the formation of cardiomyocyte clusters was confirmed at 48 hours after the start of culture.
- pulsating cardiomyocyte clusters were observed at 48 hours after the start of culture, and in Example 5 at 24 hours after the start of culture.
- the cells were able to flow sufficiently, which increased the frequency of contact between the cells, and the rapid formation of intercellular bonds led to aggregation.
- FIG. 6 shows changes in blade tip speed in Examples 1-6.
- the size of the cardiomyocyte clusters obtained in Examples 1 to 5 was measured 48 hours after the start of the culture. Table 2 shows the results. Individual sizes of cells and cell clusters are obtained by using the measurement function of ZEN Lite (free software) to determine the minimum ferret diameter and maximum ferret diameter from images of cells and cell clusters taken with a routine inverted microscope Primovert manufactured by ZEISS. The average value of both was used. Also, the aspect ratio was defined as the ratio of the minimum ferret diameter to the maximum ferret diameter. Formation efficiency was determined by estimating the number of cells forming the cardiomyocyte cluster from the size of the cardiomyocyte cluster, and taking the ratio of the total number to the number of seeded viable cells.
- the size of the cardiomyocyte mass can be freely controlled by changing the wing tip speed during the culture and by adjusting the timing of the change.
- Example 4 by making the maximum value of the wing tip speed smaller than in Example 3, inhibition of adhesion between cells due to shear force can be suppressed, and cardiomyocyte clusters larger in size than in Example 3 can be produced. did it.
- Example 4 by increasing the wing tip speed stepwise from the initial stage of culture, it is possible to prevent overaggregation of cardiomyocyte clusters and maintain a wing tip speed that does not inhibit the adhesion of cardiomyocytes. As compared with Example 3, cardiomyocyte clusters of uniform size could be obtained.
- Example 5 cardiomyocyte clusters were prepared at a cell density four times that of Examples 1 to 4, and cardiomyocyte clusters could be obtained without problems such as overaggregation.
- the cardiomyocyte clusters obtained in Example 4 were subjected to Live/Dead assay using Live/Dead Cell Staining Kit II (Promokine). Observation was performed using BZ-810X (KEYENCE) as a fluorescence microscope. In addition, the procedure of Live/Dead assay was performed according to the protocol included in the kit. Briefly, the cardiomyocyte mass obtained in Example 4 was dispersed in PBS containing 2 ⁇ M and 4 ⁇ M of calcein-AM and Ethidium homodimer III (EthD-III), respectively. , at room temperature and in the dark for 30 minutes.
- EthD-III Ethidium homodimer III
- Fig. 7 shows the results of the Live/Dead assay. ImageJ was used for image analysis. The area stained with dead cell marker EthD-III was 4.0% of the area stained with live cell marker Calcein-AM. This means that most of the cardiomyocyte clusters obtained in Example 4 are composed of viable cells, suggesting that the quality is very good.
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Abstract
Description
(1)単細胞化された心筋細胞を、容器内で液体に懸濁した状態で撹拌しながら培養することによって、当該細胞同士を凝集させる工程を含む、心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(2)前記容器の内面が、細胞非接着性である、(1)に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(3)前記容器の容積が5mL以上である、(1)または(2)に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(4)前記撹拌の速度を、培養中に段階的または連続的に変更する、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(5)前記撹拌の速度を、培養中に段階的または連続的に増加させる、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(6)前記心筋細胞が多能性幹細胞由来である、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(7)前記心筋細胞の培養開始前に、前記心筋細胞に由来するデブリスをセルストレーナーを用いて予め除去する、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(8)前記液体中の前記心筋細胞の細胞濃度が、1.0×103cells/mL以上1.0×108cells/mL以下である、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
(9)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、アスペクト比の平均値が0.60以上である心筋細胞塊。
(10)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、細胞塊のサイズの標準偏差が細胞塊のサイズの平均値の50%以下である心筋細胞塊。
(11)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、細胞塊のサイズの平均値が30μm以上2000μm以下である心筋細胞塊。
(12)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、拍動している、心筋細胞塊。
(13)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、心筋細胞塊を構成する心筋細胞の総数が、前記容器に播種した生細胞数の15%以上であることを特徴とする、心筋細胞塊。
(14)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、心筋細胞塊の重心を通る断面中の総細胞数に対して、同断面中のアポトーシスマーカーで染色される細胞数が50%以下である、心筋細胞塊。
(15)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、Calcein-AMおよびEthD-IIIで二重染色した場合において、EthD-IIIで染色された領域の面積がCalcein-AMで染色された領域の面積に対して30%以下である、心筋細胞塊。
(使用する心筋細胞について)
ここで、本発明において使用する心筋細胞について説明する。本発明では、単細胞化された心筋細胞を心筋細胞塊の製造に使用する。本発明に使用する心筋細胞は、限定されないが、例えば、生体から採取した心筋細胞、あるいはそれを精製および/または増殖させたものであっても良く、また、幹細胞などから誘導した心筋細胞であっても良い。本発明に使用する心筋細胞は、好ましくは、後述するように、多能性幹細胞由来の心筋細胞、例えば、多能性幹細胞から分化誘導により得られた心筋細胞である。心筋細胞の単細胞化には、限定されないが、従来から公知の方法を用いることができる。
(培養容器について)
ここで、本発明において使用する培養容器について説明する。本発明の心筋細胞塊の製造は、撹拌翼等が装着(設置)された容器内で行われ得る。本明細書において、「撹拌翼等が装着された容器」には、攪拌翼が容器と一体になっている容器や、攪拌子が磁力等により固着している容器が包含される。容器および撹拌翼等の形状は、限定されないが、細胞を均一に分散可能なものが好ましい。例えば、容器の形状は、円柱型であり得る。攪拌翼は、限定されないが、例えば、タービン型、パドル型、プロペラ型等であり得る。攪拌子は、限定されないが、例えば、棒状、クロス十字型、プロペラ型等であり得る。攪拌翼等の装着位置は、限定されないが、例えば、容器の底面又は上部(蓋等)であり得る。本発明において使用することができる撹拌翼が装着された容器としては、例えば、パドル型の攪拌翼が底面に装着された容器が挙げられる。ここで、パドル型の攪拌翼は、例えば、回転軸に平板(例えば、長方形、正方形、三角形等の形状、底面に向かって広がる形状)が取り付けられたものであってもよい。具体的には、本発明において使用することができる撹拌翼が装着された容器としては、例えば、ABLE社の幹細胞培養用シングルユースリアクターやCorning社のディスポーザブルスピナーフラスコ、Eppendorf社のBioBLU Single Use Vesselなどが挙げられる。
(細胞懸濁用の液体について)
本発明において、単細胞化された心筋細胞を、液体に懸濁した状態で撹拌しながら培養することによって、当該細胞同士を凝集させる工程に用いる細胞懸濁用の液体は、限定されないが、心筋細胞を安定して培養できる培地であることが好ましく、例えばcarmyA(マイオリッジ社)、RPMI培地+B27(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、MEM-α培地+5%ウシ胎児血清(Fetal Bovine Serum)などが挙げられる。上記細胞懸濁用の液体は通常、当分野で培地交換と呼ばれる操作で交換を行うことができる。培地交換は、限定されないが、例えば、1時間毎、4時間毎、8時間毎、12時間毎、24時間毎、48時間毎等、定期的に行っても良いし、不定期に行っても良い。また交換する量は、限定されないが、ほぼ全量であっても良いし、半量であっても良い。培地交換は、灌流にて常時所定量ずつ入れ替えることによって行っても良い。
(心筋細胞の播種方法について)
ここで、本発明における心筋細胞の培養開始時の播種方法について説明する。本発明においては単細胞化された心筋細胞を播種することが好ましい。播種方法については、限定されないが、予め容器内に規定量の培地を加えておき、その後、液体に懸濁した心筋細胞を加える方法や、心筋細胞を所定の細胞密度となるよう液体に懸濁することにより得られた懸濁液を容器内に加える方法、所定の細胞数の心筋細胞を容器内に加えた後、所定の液量まで液体を加える方法が挙げられる。
(心筋細胞の培養条件について)
本発明において、単細胞化された心筋細胞を、液体に懸濁した状態で撹拌しながら培養することによって、当該細胞同士を凝集させる工程における培養温度は、限定されないが、30~45℃が好ましく、より好ましくは36~38℃、最も好ましくは37℃である。
(撹拌培養中の翼先端速度について)
ここで、撹拌培養中の翼先端速度について説明する。攪拌翼等の「翼先端速度」とは、回転軸又は回転中心から最も遠い攪拌翼等の部位(翼先端)の周速度を意味する。
(心筋細胞塊の回収工程について)
ここで、本発明により得られた心筋細胞塊の回収方法について説明する。心筋細胞塊を含む懸濁液を回収する方法としては、限定されないが、懸濁液を十分に均一にしてから、もしくは心筋細胞塊を底面部に沈降させてから、ピペッターやシリンジ等を用いて回収する方法が挙げられる。回収する懸濁液量は、容器内の全量でも、一部でも良い。容器内の懸濁液全量を回収する場合、上記操作後に容器内に残留した心筋細胞塊を、培地による洗いこみで回収することも可能である。回収した心筋細胞塊は遠心操作等で培地成分を取り除き、移植時に使用する溶液等に置き換えても良い。
(心筋細胞塊を形成しなかった単細胞の除去方法について)
心筋細胞塊の形成後に残存している単細胞は生存率が低いため、除去することが好ましい。単細胞の除去方法については、限定されないが、撹拌翼等の停止した培養容器内で心筋細胞塊を沈降させ、浮遊している単細胞のみを除去する方法や、懸濁液全量を単細胞のみが通過可能なセルストレーナーに通過させ除去する方法、遠心チューブに懸濁液全量を回収後、遠心操作により心筋細胞塊とシングルセルを分離し除去する方法、等が挙げられる。
(心筋細胞塊の品質について)
ここで、本発明の心筋細胞塊の製造方法で製造された心筋細胞塊(「本発明の心筋細胞塊」と称する)の品質について説明する。
(得られた心筋細胞塊の使用方法について)
本発明の心筋細胞塊は様々な手法により個体(生体)の心臓組織に移植することができる。例えば、本発明の心筋細胞塊は、注射やカテーテルを用いて心臓の心筋層内へ投与することができる。特殊な液体成分を用いずに本発明の方法により心筋細胞塊を製造した場合、懸濁液の液体成分を置換せず、そのまま移植に用いることもできるが、個体に適切な液体(例:生理食塩水)に置換したうえで移植することもできる。本発明の心筋細胞塊はサイズの分布が小さく、形状も良好であることから、注射針での詰まり等の不具合は発生し難いが、念のため移植時に用いる注射針の内径以下の内径または目開きを有する注射針、流路または篩等を通過できた心筋細胞塊のみを集めて使用することが好ましい。特に30G以下の低侵襲性の注射針を用いたい場合に、注射針を通過しない心筋細胞塊を除去しておくことは効果的である。
(比較例1)
細胞解凍および培養容器への播種を、以下の手順にて行った。
手順1)CarmyA用播種用培地に終濃度10μMとなるようにY-27632を添加したものを解凍培地とし、37℃に温めた。
手順2)凍結保存されたヒトiPS細胞由来心筋細胞(マイオリッジ社製CarmyA、純度>90%、以下同様)の入ったバイアル1本を37℃のウォーターバスで120秒間温めた。
手順3)手順2)で温めたバイアルから、ピペッティングを行わずに細胞懸濁液をそれぞれ50mL遠沈管に移した。
手順4)手順1)の解凍培地1mLで手順3)のバイアルを洗い、その洗浄後の培地1mLを1滴/5秒の速度で手順3)の細胞懸濁液に添加し、振り混ぜた。
手順5)手順1)の解凍培地1mLを手順4)の細胞懸濁液に1滴/2秒で加え振り混ぜた。
手順6)手順1)の解凍培地8mLを手順5)の細胞懸濁液に1滴/1秒で加え振り混ぜた。
手順7)手順6)の細胞懸濁液を300xgで3分間遠心後、上清を除去した。
手順8)手順7)で沈殿させた細胞を500μLの解凍培地に再懸濁し、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製Countess II FL自動セルカウンターを用いて細胞数カウントを行った。
手順9)細胞数カウント結果を基に、1.0×103個の生細胞を含む手順8)の細胞懸濁液を丸底96wellプレート(Cell culture plate 96-well, Round Bottom)の1wellに播種し、解凍培地で全量を100μLとし、静置培養を行った。
(比較例2)
比較例1に記載の手順8)までは同様にして行い、その後の手順を以下の通りとした。
手順9)細胞数カウント結果を基に、2.0×105個の細胞を含む手順8)の細胞懸濁液を12wellプレート(12-well plate)の1wellに播種し、解凍培地で全量を1mLとした。
手順10)手順9)の12wellプレートをオプティマ社製Orbital Shaker OS-762(旋回幅(直径)25mmで水平面に沿って円を描くように旋回する)上に載せ、旋回速度100rpmにて培養を開始した。(この時点を培養開始0時間後とする。)
(比較例3)
細胞解凍および培養容器への播種を、以下の手順にて行った。
手順1)CarmyA用播種用培地に終濃度10μMとなるようにY-27632を添加したものを解凍培地とし、37℃に温めた。
手順2)凍結保存されたヒトiPS細胞由来心筋細胞の入ったバイアル1本を37℃のウォーターバスで120秒間温めた。
手順3)手順2)で温めたバイアルから、手順1)の解凍培地10mLの入った15mLチューブ内に、細胞懸濁液を移した。この時、ピペッターを用いて細胞懸濁液内を均一にする操作は行わなかった。
手順4)手順3)のチューブ内の解凍培地1mLで手順3)のバイアルを洗い、その洗浄後の培地1mLを上記チューブ内に戻した。
手順5)手順4)のチューブを300xgで3分間遠心後、上清を除去した。
手順6)手順5)で沈殿させた細胞を500μLの解凍培地に再懸濁し、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製Countess II FL自動セルカウンターを用いて細胞数カウントを行った。
手順7)細胞数カウント結果を基に、1.5×105個の生細胞を含む手順6)の細胞懸濁液を目開き35μmのストレーナーに通し、12wellプレートの1wellに播種し、解凍培地で全量を1mLとした。
手順8)細胞数カウント結果を基に、2.0×105個の生細胞を含む手順6)の細胞懸濁液を12wellプレートの1wellに播種し、解凍培地で全量を1mLとした。
手順9)オプティマ社製Orbital Shaker OS-762(旋回幅(直径)25mmで水平面に沿って円を描くように旋回する)上に載せ、旋回速度100rpmにて培養を開始した。(この時点を培養開始0時間後とする。)
(実施例1)
細胞解凍および5mL幹細胞培養用シングルユースリアクター(以下、リアクター)への播種を、以下の手順にて行った。
手順1)CarmyA用播種用培地に終濃度10μMとなるようにY-27632を添加したものを解凍培地とし、37℃に温めた。
手順2)凍結保存されたヒトiPS細胞由来心筋細胞の入ったバイアル1本を37℃のウォーターバスで120秒間温めた。
手順3)手順2)で温めたバイアルから、手順1)の解凍培地10mLの入った15mLチューブ内に、細胞懸濁液を移した。この時、ピペッターを用いて細胞懸濁液内を均一にする操作は行わなかった。
手順4)手順3)のチューブ内の解凍培地1mLで手順3)のバイアルを洗い、その洗浄後の培地1mLを上記チューブ内に戻した。
手順5)手順4)のチューブを300xgで3分間遠心後、上清を除去した。
手順6)手順5)で沈殿させた細胞を500μLの解凍培地に再懸濁し、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製Countess II FL自動セルカウンターを用いて細胞数カウントを行った。
手順7)細胞数カウント結果を基に、7.5×105個の生細胞を含む手順6)の細胞懸濁液を目開き70μmのストレーナーに通し、解凍培地で全量を5mLとしてリアクター内に播種した。
手順8)翼先端速度3.9×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度25rpm)にて培養を開始した。(この時点を培養開始0時間後とする。)
手順9)培養開始24時間後に、図1に観察されるような目標サイズに近い心筋細胞塊の存在を確認し、翼先端速度を8.0×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度51rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始48時間後まで撹拌培養を継続した。
(実施例2)
翼先端速度を上昇させるタイミングを変更することにより、実施例1より小さい心筋細胞塊を得ることを目的に、以下の実験を行った。実施例1に記載の手順1)~8)までを行った。培養開始14時間後に、図1に観察されるような粒径500μm以上の前駆体の存在を確認し、翼先端速度を8.0×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度51rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始48時間後まで撹拌培養を継続した。
(実施例3)
翼先端速度を上昇させるタイミングを変更することにより、実施例2より小さい心筋細胞塊を得ることを目的に、以下の実験を行った。実施例1に記載の手順1)~8)までを行った。培養開始6時間後に、図1に観察されるような粒径500μm以上の前駆体の存在を確認し、翼先端速度を8.0×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度51rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始48時間後まで撹拌培養を継続した。
(実施例4)
翼先端速度を段階的に上昇させることにより、実施例2より小さく、かつ粒径のばらつきが小さい心筋細胞塊を得ることを目的に、以下の実験を行った。実施例1に記載の手順1)~8)までを行った。培養開始1時間後に翼先端速度を4.7×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度30rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始2時間後に翼先端速度を5.5×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度35rpm)に上昇させた。培養開始3時間後に、図2に観察されるような粒径500μm以上の前駆体の存在を確認し、翼先端速度を6.3×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度40rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始6時間後に翼先端速度を7.1×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度45rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始48時間後まで撹拌培養を継続した。
(実施例5)
ヒトiPS細胞由来心筋細胞の、懸濁液中の播種密度を変更することによって、心筋細胞塊の生産性を向上することを目的に、細胞解凍および5mL幹細胞培養用シングルユースリアクター(以下、リアクター)への播種を、以下の手順にて行った。
手順1)CarmyA用播種用培地に終濃度10μMとなるようにY-27632を添加したものを解凍培地とし、37℃に温めた。
手順2)凍結保存されたヒトiPS細胞由来心筋細胞の入ったバイアル1本を37℃のウォーターバスで120秒間温めた。
手順3)手順2)で温めたバイアルから、手順1)の解凍培地10mLの入った15mLチューブ内に、細胞懸濁液を移した。この時、ピペッターを用いて細胞懸濁液内を均一にする操作は行わなかった。
手順4)手順3)のチューブ内の解凍培地1mLで手順3)のバイアルを洗い、その洗浄後の培地1mLを上記チューブ内に戻した。
手順5)手順4)のチューブを300xgで3分間遠心後、上清を除去した。
手順6)手順5)で沈殿させた細胞を500μLの解凍培地に再懸濁し、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製Countess II FL自動セルカウンターを用いて細胞数カウントを行った。
手順7)細胞数カウント結果を基に、3.0×106個の生細胞を含む手順6)の細胞懸濁液を目開き70μmのストレーナーに通し、解凍培地で全量を5mLとしてリアクター内に播種した。
手順8)翼先端速度5.5×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度35rpm)にて培養を開始した。(この時点を培養開始0時間後とする。)
手順9)培養開始3時間後に、図2に観察されるような粒径500μm以上の前駆体の存在を確認し、翼先端速度を6.3×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度40rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始6時間後に翼先端速度を7.1×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度45rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始7時間後に翼先端速度を8.0×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度51rpm)に上昇させ、培養開始9時間後に翼先端速度を8.7×10-2m/s(リアクター撹拌速度55rpm)に上昇させた。
(実施例6)
実施例1に記載の手順1)~7)までを行い、翼先端速度7.9×10-3m/s(リアクター撹拌速度5rpm)にて培養を開始した。
(評価例1:心筋細胞塊の形態確認)
比較例1~3による培養開始48時間後での細胞の形態を図3に示す。
(評価例2:心筋細胞塊のサイズ測定)
実施例1~6の翼先端速度推移を図6に示す。
培養開始48時間後時点で、実施例4により得られた心筋細胞塊に対して、Live/Dead Cell Staining Kit II(Promokine社)を用いてLive/Dead assayを行った。蛍光顕微鏡としてBZ-810X(KEYENCE社)を用いて観察した。また、Live/Dead assayの手順はキットに同梱されたプロトコルに従い行った。端的に述べると、カルセインAM(Calcein-AM)とエチジウムホモダイマーIII(Ethidium homodimer III;EthD-III)の濃度をそれぞれ2μMと4μMとしたPBS中に実施例4により得られた心筋細胞塊を分散し、室温、遮光下にて30分反応させた。
Claims (14)
- 単細胞化された心筋細胞を、容器内で液体に懸濁した状態で撹拌しながら培養することによって、当該細胞同士を凝集させる工程を含む、心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記容器の内面が、細胞非接着性である、請求項1に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記容器の容積が5mL以上である、請求項1または2に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記撹拌の速度を、培養中に段階的または連続的に変更する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記撹拌の速度を、培養中に段階的または連続的に増加させる、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記心筋細胞が多能性幹細胞由来である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記心筋細胞の培養開始前に、前記心筋細胞に由来するデブリスをセルストレーナーを用いて予め除去する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 前記液体中の前記心筋細胞の細胞濃度が、1.0×103cells/mL以上1.0×108cells/mL以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の心筋細胞塊の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、アスペクト比の平均値が0.60以上である心筋細胞塊。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、細胞塊のサイズの標準偏差が細胞塊のサイズの平均値の50%以下である心筋細胞塊。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、細胞塊のサイズの平均値が30μm以上2000μm以下である心筋細胞塊。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、拍動している、心筋細胞塊。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、心筋細胞塊を構成する心筋細胞の総数が、前記容器に播種した生細胞数の15%以上であることを特徴とする、心筋細胞塊。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で製造された心筋細胞塊であって、カルセインAM(Calcein-AM)およびエチジウムホモダイマーIII(EthD-III)で二重染色した場合において、EthD-IIIで染色された領域の面積がCalcein-AMで染色された領域の面積に対して30%以下である、心筋細胞塊。
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WO2017159862A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 多能性幹細胞由来心筋細胞の凝集体の凍結方法 |
WO2019189545A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 細胞の製造方法 |
JP2021059860A (ja) | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-15 | 株式会社第一基礎 | 継手装置、継手装置を有する鋼製構造部材、および継手装置の使用方法 |
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