WO2022190861A1 - ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法、ジオポリマー硬化体、ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法、及びジオポリマー組成物 - Google Patents
ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法、ジオポリマー硬化体、ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法、及びジオポリマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190861A1 WO2022190861A1 PCT/JP2022/007247 JP2022007247W WO2022190861A1 WO 2022190861 A1 WO2022190861 A1 WO 2022190861A1 JP 2022007247 W JP2022007247 W JP 2022007247W WO 2022190861 A1 WO2022190861 A1 WO 2022190861A1
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- Prior art keywords
- geopolymer
- aggregate
- geopolymer composition
- furnace slag
- producing
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 360
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 64
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 26
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003133 Elaeis guineensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001950 Elaeis guineensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012164 animal wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxyalkylene alkyl ether compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C04B24/06—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a hardened geopolymer, a hardened geopolymer, a method for producing a geopolymer composition, and a geopolymer composition.
- Geopolymers are known to have a structure in which particles are joined together by using condensation polymer of silicic acid as a binder.
- the formulation used for this geopolymer is primarily an amorphous aluminum silicate-based powder and an alkali metal solution.
- As the powder kaolin, clay, fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, etc. are used, and as the alkali metal solution, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, water glass, potassium silicate, etc. are used. ing.
- a hardened body similar to mortar using Portland cement can be obtained.
- coarse aggregate as aggregate a hardened body similar to concrete can be obtained.
- the powder is often a mixture of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.
- the above-mentioned fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag are obtained in large amounts as by-products from combustion furnaces and blast furnaces, and their use is desirable from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources.
- natural aggregates such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone are used as aggregates, and there are few examples of studies using by-products such as blast furnace slag fine aggregate. Therefore, there are few studies investigating the setting time of a geopolymer composition using blast furnace slag fine aggregate, the strength of a hardened geopolymer produced from the geopolymer composition, and the freeze-thaw resistance.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for producing a geopolymer composition in which a filler composed of fly ash and blast furnace slag, an alkaline solution, and an aggregate are kneaded and then cured and hardened. .
- This method described in Patent Document 1 proposes a geopolymer composition in which 10% or more of ground granulated blast furnace slag is mixed with fly ash.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a geopolymer admixture in which a shrinkage reducing agent comprising an oxyalkylene alkyl ether compound and a shrinkage reducing aid comprising an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid compound are combined.
- the admixture disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a geopolymer additive for adjusting setting time and improving fluidity and drying shrinkage by using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as powders.
- Patent Document 1 the blending amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag with respect to fly ash is small, and there is only a blending result of up to 30% by volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag with respect to fly ash. Furthermore, the method for producing the geopolymer composition described in Patent Document 1 is developed using only natural sand as fine aggregate.
- Patent Document 2 proposes several shrinkage reducing aids and discloses that the effect of reducing the drying shrinkage of geopolymer mortar can be obtained.
- an example is shown in which river sand is used as the fine aggregate and crushed limestone is used as the coarse aggregate for the geopolymer hardened body.
- Patent Document 2 only specific substances among the shrinkage reducing agents are tested, and freeze-thaw resistance of hardened geopolymers is not investigated.
- the present invention has been developed in view of the above-described circumstances of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to provide a geopolymer composition even when a large amount of blast furnace slag fine aggregate is used as an aggregate.
- a method for producing a hardened geopolymer, a hardened geopolymer, a geopolymer composition, and a method for producing the same that can prevent a decrease in the fluidity of and can obtain a hardened geopolymer that is resistant to freezing and thawing. is to propose
- a geopolymer composition is produced by mixing aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, an alkali metal solution, gluconic acid, and water as raw materials, and the aggregate is removed from the geopolymer composition.
- the amount of alkali metal per unit volume contained in the above By setting the amount of alkali metal per unit volume contained in the above to a predetermined amount or more, it is possible to produce a geopolymer composition with excellent freshness that contains a large amount of blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the present invention was developed based on the finding that by curing the above geopolymer composition, it is possible to produce a hardened geopolymer that has properties similar to those of concrete and is extremely excellent in freeze-thaw resistance.
- the present invention was made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows. That is, the present invention provides the following (1) and (2).
- (1) A first step of kneading an aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, a powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, an alkali metal solution, gluconic acid, and water to produce a geopolymer composition;
- a method for producing a hardened geopolymer body comprising a second step of curing the geopolymer composition produced in the first step,
- the ratio (Si/M) of the substance amount (Si) of silicon contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate from the geopolymer composition and the substance amount (M) of the alkali metal contained in the alkali metal solution is 1.6 ⁇ Si / M ⁇ 5.8, and
- the amount of the alkali metal per unit volume contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate is 2.0 kmol/m 3 or more.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer according to the present invention includes: (a) the powder contains fly ash at a volume ratio of 40:60 to 100:0 between the ground granulated blast furnace slag and the fly ash; (b) Containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate in an amount of 50% by volume or more as the fine aggregate in the aggregate may be a more preferable solution.
- a cured geopolymer according to the present invention is a cured geopolymer manufactured by the method for manufacturing a cured geopolymer described above.
- the method for producing a geopolymer composition according to the present invention involves kneading an aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, an alkali metal solution, gluconic acid, and water.
- a method for producing a geopolymer composition for producing a geopolymer composition by The ratio (Si/M) of the substance amount of silicon (Si) contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate from the geopolymer composition and the substance amount of the alkali metal (M) contained in the alkali metal solution is 1.6 ⁇ Si / M ⁇ 5.8, and The amount of the alkali metal per unit volume contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate is 2.0 kmol/m 3 or more.
- a geopolymer composition according to the present invention is a geopolymer composition produced by the method for producing a geopolymer composition described above.
- blast furnace slag fine aggregate can be used as an aggregate in the geopolymer composition at a rate of 50% by volume or more, and using blast furnace slag fine aggregate is said to be a weak point of geopolymer.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention can suppress the use of natural fine aggregates such as mountain sand, river sand, sea sand, and crushed sand produced in a crushed stone factory, which are used in ordinary geopolymers. Therefore, the hardened geopolymer obtained by the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention is a hardened geopolymer that is more environmentally friendly.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a hardened geopolymer body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a hardened geopolymer body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a hardened geopolymer body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are flow charts showing the method for producing a hardened geopolymer according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a basic configuration flow diagram of a method for producing a hardened geopolymer when the geopolymer composition, which is a precursor of the hardened geopolymer, does not contain coarse aggregate
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a basic configuration flow diagram of a method for producing a hardened geopolymer when a geopolymer composition as a precursor contains coarse aggregate.
- the method 100 for producing a hardened geopolymer material of this embodiment includes aggregate containing fine blast furnace slag aggregate, powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, and an alkali metal solution. , a first step 101 of kneading gluconic acid and water to produce a geopolymer composition, and a second step 102 of curing the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. Each step will be described below.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer includes aggregates containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, powder containing ground blast furnace slag, or mixed with fly ash, an alkali metal solution, and gluconic acid. , and water to produce a geopolymer composition.
- a cured geopolymer produced by the method for producing a cured geopolymer of this embodiment is obtained by curing a geopolymer composition. That is, the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is a precursor of a cured geopolymer.
- geopolymer is a general term for amorphous polymers obtained by reacting alumina silica powder such as ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash with alkali silica solution such as sodium silicate aqueous solution and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. be.
- the raw materials for the geopolymer composition produced in the first step are powder mainly containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), powder further containing fly ash (FA), alkaline solution, gluconic acid, blast furnace slag fine bone It is an aggregate containing wood (BFS).
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- BFS aggregate containing wood
- the powders preferably contain silicic acid, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, which are soluble in alkaline solutions.
- the main component of the powder contains vitreous (amorphous) that exhibits a geopolymer formation reaction in the presence of alkali.
- Silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) which are contained as the main components of the powder, are eluted from the powder by the alkali contained in the alkaline solution, and through condensation polymerization reactions involving dehydration reactions, silicon It forms a geopolymer that is a (Si)-silicon (Si) condensate.
- the powder contains ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) as the main component. That is, as the powder, ground granulated blast furnace slag obtained by processing granulated blast furnace slag, which is a by-product of producing pig iron in a blast furnace, can be used. Alternatively, fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF), which are by-produced in thermal power plants, may be added to the above powder. Specifically, as the ground granulated blast furnace slag, a standard product specified in JIS A 6206:2013 can be used. Moreover, as the fly ash (FA), for example, a standard product specified in JIS A 6201:2015 can be used.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- the amount of powder contained in the geopolymer composition can be adjusted to 500 to 900 kg/m 3 in total for ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) when coarse aggregate is not used. preferable. If the powder content is 500 kg/m 3 or more, it is possible to produce a geopolymer composition necessary for producing a hardened geopolymer having excellent freeze-thaw resistance, which is preferable. It is preferable that the amount of the powder compounded is 900 kg/m 3 or less because no unreacted powder is generated. Further, when the coarse aggregate is blended, the blending amount of the powder is preferably adjusted to 200 to 600 kg/m 3 in total of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA).
- the blending ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is appropriately set in order to secure the solidification start time and the solidification finish time of the geopolymer composition.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- the volume ratio of blast furnace slag fine aggregate in fine aggregate, etc. a suitable hardened geopolymer can be obtained.
- the calculation of the volume ratio of each material can be done by dividing the unit volume mass of the recipe by the density of each material.
- the density is the density specified in JIS R 5201:2015 for ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA), and the density specified in JIS A 1109:2020 for fine aggregate.
- the powder used in the first step is mainly composed of powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) or powder containing fly ash (FA).
- Industrial by-products such as metakaolin, which is a fired product of clay minerals, rice husk ash, palm ash obtained by firing oil palm residue, waste glass, municipal waste incineration ash, sewage sludge incineration ash, etc. can be included as
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is mainly composed of powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag, or powder containing fly ash (FA). It is characterized by a high content of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) and a low content of calcium (Ca).
- the alkaline solution is preferably an aqueous solution containing compounds with sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, water glass or potassium silicate.
- Geopolymers are hardened by alkaline sources, requiring the use of alkali metal compounds containing potassium or sodium. From the viewpoint of strength development of the hardened geopolymer, the amount of the alkali metal compound is such that the number of moles per unit volume of the alkali metal (e.g., Na) contained in the hardened geopolymer excluding the aggregate is 2.0 kmol/m. It is desirable to use 3 or more.
- the reason for this is that if the number of moles per unit volume of the alkali metal (e.g., Na) contained in the geopolymer composition is 2.0 kmol/m3 or more , the polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) proceeds sufficiently, This is because the freeze-thaw resistance and compressive strength of the hardened geopolymer obtained by curing the geopolymer composition can be ensured.
- the alkali metal e.g., Na
- the concentration of the alkaline solution used when manufacturing the geopolymer composition in the first step can be appropriately set in consideration of the amount of water and the amount of alkali (OH) contained in the geopolymer composition.
- the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution can be set to 48% by mass.
- the unit amount of water can be determined in consideration of the water contained in the alkaline solution and the gluconic acid solution, and the water generated in the condensation polymerization reaction of silicon (Si).
- the unit amount of water varies depending on the required strength, but is preferably adjusted within the range of 100 to 300 kg/m 3 when coarse aggregate is not used. Also, when coarse aggregate is used, it is desirable to adjust the unit amount of water in the range of 60 to 200 kg/m 3 .
- the unit amount of water can be determined in consideration of the water contained in the alkaline solution and the gluconic acid solution. If the unit water content is equal to or higher than the lower limit of each range, it is preferable because the fluidity of the geopolymer composition can be ensured. Moreover, if the unit water content is equal to or less than the upper limit value of each range, a decrease in compressive strength can be suppressed.
- the aggregate included in the geopolymer composition includes blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the aggregate may contain fine aggregate other than blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the aggregate may further contain coarse aggregate.
- Aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate is used as the aggregate which is the raw material of the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. It is desirable that the particle size is adjusted so as to comply with the JIS A 5011-1:2018 standard. This is because the effect of reducing the drying shrinkage of the hardened geopolymer can be expected when the aggregate contains blast furnace slag fine aggregate. Furthermore, it is preferable that the fine aggregate contains 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the aggregate volume ratio (the volume of aggregate in the volume of the geopolymer composition) is as high as possible.
- the aggregate volume ratio is desirably 40% or more.
- the aggregate volume ratio is desirably 60% or more. Since it is the hardened geopolymer that greatly affects the amount of drying shrinkage, by increasing the aggregate volume ratio, the amount of the hardened geopolymer can be reduced and the amount of drying shrinkage can be reduced.
- one of the methods for reducing the amount of drying shrinkage of hardened geopolymers is to increase the coarse aggregate volume ratio.
- coarse aggregate can generally be purchased cheaply. This leads to a reduction in the price of the kneaded product obtained by the above method, which is more economical and preferable.
- the water absorption of the fine aggregate is preferably 3.5% or less. If the water absorption of the fine aggregate is 3.5% or less, the quality of the geopolymer composition produced in the first step can be maintained uniformly, which is preferable. For the same reason, the surface dry density of fine aggregate is desirably 2.5 g/cm 3 or more.
- blast furnace slag coarse aggregate natural coarse aggregate generally used for concrete, or coarse aggregate adjusted in grain size to fit within the grain size of JIS standards may be used. good.
- coarse aggregates natural aggregates defined in JIS A1110:2020 can be used.
- the water absorption of this coarse aggregate is desirably 3.0% or less for the same reason that the fine aggregate was adopted.
- the surface dry density of the coarse aggregate is 2.5 g/cm 3 or more.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step of the method for producing a hardened geopolymer body of this embodiment contains gluconic acid as an admixture for the purpose of ensuring fluidity and delaying curing. That is, the method for producing a cured geopolymer of the present embodiment is technically characterized in that gluconic acid is contained as a raw material of the geopolymer composition, which is a precursor of the cured geopolymer.
- Gluconic acid is an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid and has a curing retarding effect on the geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step contains powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), or powder containing fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag fine aggregate as raw materials. .
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- blast furnace slag fine aggregate as raw materials.
- the reaction between the silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) contained in the powder and the blast furnace slag fine aggregate and the alkali in the alkaline solution increases, resulting in a large amount of geopolymer.
- the fluidity of the geopolymer composition is significantly reduced.
- the workability of geopolymer compositions with reduced fluidity is significantly reduced. As a result, it becomes difficult to produce a desired cured geopolymer using a geopolymer composition with reduced fluidity.
- the geopolymer composition is produced by adding gluconic acid, which is an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid, as an admixture to the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. It can improve the fluidity of things. Gluconic acid contained in the geopolymer composition chelates and sequesters calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) supplied from ground granulated blast furnace slag contained in the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. , is thought to suppress the reaction with the alkali in the alkaline solution. As a result, the fluidity of the geopolymer composition can be ensured, and the hardening of the geopolymer composition can be delayed.
- gluconic acid which is an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid
- gluconic acid As gluconic acid, an aqueous gluconic acid solution (density 1.8 g/cm 3 , mass percent concentration 50%) is adopted, and when blended as a component of the geopolymer composition, the aqueous gluconic acid solution is added at 0.1 to 60 kg / It is desirable to use with m 3 .
- the reason for this is that the material cost of the geopolymer composition increases, and the moisture content of the geopolymer composition increases, which has the effect of retarding the hardening of the geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is the ratio of the amount of silicon contained in the geopolymer composition excluding aggregate (Si) to the amount of alkali metal contained in the alkali metal solution (M) (Si/M) is characterized by being in the range of 1.6 ⁇ Si/M ⁇ 5.8.
- the ratio (Si/M) of the amount of silicon (Si) to the amount (M) of alkali metal contained in the alkali metal solution is less than 1.6, the alkali solution is excessive and unreacted alkali The solution and carbon dioxide in the air react to form alkali carbonates and water.
- the ratio (Si/M) of the substance amount (Si) of silicon and the substance amount (M) of the alkali metal contained in the alkali metal solution exceeds 5.8, the amount of alkali metal (for example, Na) supplied is insufficient, and the compressive strength of the cured geopolymer may be significantly reduced, which is not preferable.
- the alkali metal is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal belonging to group 1A such as lithium, sodium and potassium, but sodium and potassium are preferable from the viewpoint of handling and cost.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is characterized in that the amount of alkali metal per unit volume contained in the geopolymer composition excluding aggregate is 2.0 kmol/m 3 or more. do.
- the number of moles per unit volume of the alkali metal (e.g., Na) contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate is 2.0 kmol/m3 or more , the polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) will occur. This is because the freeze-thaw resistance and compressive strength of the hardened geopolymer obtained by curing the geopolymer composition can be ensured.
- the kneading is performed by putting the above various materials into various mechanical mixers and stirring and mixing them.
- the mixer used for kneading should be capable of producing a geopolymer composition by sufficiently stirring the various materials described above to allow the condensation polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) to proceed.
- Si silicon
- Al aluminum
- a mixer used for kneading a mortar mixer (JIS R5201 compliant) similar to cement concrete, a pan mixer, a forced twin-screw mixer, and the like can be used.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate are mixed. It is preferable to add the alkaline solution after charging the mixture into the mixer and preliminarily kneading the mixture. Further, the kneading may be performed at two speeds of low speed and high speed.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer body of this embodiment includes a second step of curing the geopolymer composition produced in the first step.
- the reason for this is that by curing the geopolymer composition, the reaction between the silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) contained in the geopolymer composition and the alkali contained in the alkaline solution progresses sufficiently. This is because a cured product is produced.
- the second step of curing the geopolymer composition is preferably carried out by ordinary temperature curing or steam curing. Normal temperature curing may be air curing (eg temperature 20° C., humidity 60% RH) or underwater curing (eg temperature 20° C.).
- steam curing is preferably performed using an apparatus capable of maintaining a predetermined temperature and humidity.
- an apparatus capable of maintaining a predetermined temperature and humidity For the purpose of increasing the initial strength of the hardened geopolymer body, a combination of air curing as pre-curing and steam curing applying heat with steam at 40 to 80° C. may be applied.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is filled into a mold (formwork).
- a release agent such as wax may be applied to the inside of the mold (formwork) to facilitate removal of the geopolymer composition from the formwork.
- As the formwork it is possible to use a formwork made of wood similar to that conventionally used as a concrete formwork, or a metal such as steel. Examples of release agents include petroleum wax, animal and plant waxes, mineral waxes, synthetic waxes, and the like.
- the curing period of the geopolymer composition filled in the mold (formwork) is the reaction between silicon (Si), aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) contained in the geopolymer composition and the alkali contained in the alkaline solution. After sufficient progress, it is appropriately set so that a hardened geopolymer is generated.
- the curing period of the geopolymer composition can be set to 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 28 days, 91 days, etc. according to the properties of the geopolymer composition.
- the wet curing period is preferably 5 to 9 days, which is the same as for ordinary concrete, in consideration of productivity and construction period.
- the geopolymer composition is cured to form a cured geopolymer.
- the fluidity of the geopolymer composition which is a precursor of the hardened geopolymer (for example, when coarse aggregate is not included, mortar flow, coarse bone It can improve the slump or slump flow if it contains material) and improve its freshness, and it is possible to manufacture a hardened geopolymer with significantly improved freeze-thaw resistance, which is said to be a weak point of geopolymers.
- the method for producing the hardened geopolymer body of the first embodiment it is not necessary to use the natural fine aggregates used in ordinary hardened geopolymer bodies. A gentle geopolymer cured body is obtained.
- the powder used in the first step of the method for producing a cured geopolymer according to the first embodiment is fly ash, and the ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash are in a volume ratio of 40:60 to 100:0.
- the blending ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash is 40:60 in volume ratio, condensation polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) etc. contained in fly ash is preferred because it promotes Further, if the blending ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash is 100:0 by volume, a large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag can be used, and the time to start and finish setting of the geopolymer composition can be ensured. It is possible and preferable.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present embodiment since the geopolymer composition produced in the first step contains gluconic acid, a powder containing a large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag is used. can also ensure its fluidity and can delay rapid curing of the geopolymer composition.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present embodiment is based on the amount of silicon contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate from the geopolymer composition (Si) and the amount of alkali metal contained in the alkali metal solution.
- the ratio of the amount (M) is set to a predetermined range, and the amount of the alkali metal per unit volume contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate is set to a predetermined amount or more, so that the powder Even if a powder containing a large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag is used and an aggregate containing a large amount of fine blast furnace slag aggregate is used, the flowability can be ensured.
- a hardened geopolymer having remarkably improved freeze-thaw resistance can be obtained by curing the geopolymer composition.
- a powder containing fly ash at a volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag to fly ash of 40:60 to 100:0 is used.
- a geopolymer composition with sufficient workability as well as a sufficient setting start time and setting end time of the geopolymer composition, and in addition, freeze-thaw resistance as a secondary concrete product It becomes possible to produce an excellent cured geopolymer.
- the blast furnace It is characterized in that 50% by volume or more of slag fine aggregate is included in the fine aggregate.
- the fine aggregate in the aggregate which is the geopolymer composition produced in the first step of the method for producing a hardened geopolymer body of this embodiment 50% by volume of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate is added to the fine aggregate. If the blast furnace slag fine aggregate described above is included, the freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer can be significantly improved, and a hardened geopolymer with excellent durability such as compressive strength can be produced. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the fine aggregate in the aggregate contained in the geopolymer composition it is sufficient that the fine aggregate contains 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate. It may be an aggregate.
- the fine aggregate contained in the geopolymer composition contains 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate, natural sand such as mountain sand, sea sand, and crushed sand produced at a crushed stone factory can be substituted.
- a large amount of blast furnace slag which is a by-product of producing pig iron in a blast furnace, can be effectively utilized.
- the fine aggregate used in the first step contains blast furnace slag fine aggregate in an amount of 50% by volume or more.
- This embodiment is a hardened geopolymer produced by the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the above embodiment. That is, the geopolymer hardened body of this embodiment is made from powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), powder containing fly ash (FA), fine aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, It is obtained by curing a geopolymer composition with excellent fresh properties (mortar flow, slump, slump flow, etc.), and is used as a substitute for concrete secondary products because it is a hardened material with significantly improved freeze-thaw resistance. can do.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- the hardened geopolymer of this embodiment is used for protection of aged creek slopes, building blocks/bricks, fishery structures such as fishing (algae) reefs, stabilization of heavy metal-contaminated soil, and aged pond embankments. It can be used for renovation, repair of blade metal soil, cutoff walls in the levee body, countermeasures against soft ground, use for box-shaped foundation construction methods, and solidification of soft clay.
- the hardened geopolymer of this embodiment is characterized by excellent fire resistance and resistance to alkali-silica reaction.
- the geopolymer hardened body of this embodiment has extremely excellent freeze-thaw resistance, it can be used as a construction material for sleepers, outer groove blocks, U-shaped grooves, pedestrian vehicle boundary blocks, airport parking apron pavement, etc. It can be used as
- the aggregate which is the raw material of the geopolymer composition, contains 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate as the fine aggregate.
- a method for producing a geopolymer composition according to the fifth embodiment includes fine aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), or powder containing fly ash (FA),
- a geopolymer composition is produced by kneading an alkali metal solution, gluconic acid, and water, and the amount of silicon contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate of the geopolymer composition (Si) and the alkali
- the ratio (Si/M) to the amount (M) of the alkali metal contained in the metal solution is set within a predetermined range, and the geopolymer composition is the unit of the alkali metal contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate. It is characterized in that the amount of substance per volume is set to a predetermined amount or more.
- the method for producing a geopolymer composition of this embodiment can produce a geopolymer composition that is a precursor of a cured geopolymer. That is, the method for producing the geopolymer composition of this embodiment corresponds to the first step of the method for producing the hardened geopolymer.
- the geopolymer composition contains gluconic acid as an admixture, and since the aggregate-free geopolymer composition contains a predetermined amount of alkali metal, a powder containing a large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag, or even Even if the geopolymer composition contains powder containing fly ash (FA) and fine aggregate containing 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate as aggregate, the geopolymer A hardened geopolymer having remarkably improved freeze-thaw resistance can be produced without lowering the fluidity of the composition.
- FA fly ash
- the fine aggregate contained in the geopolymer composition is fine aggregate containing 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- Table 1 shows the materials used as raw materials for the geopolymer composition in the method for producing the cured geopolymer body of the present invention.
- powder, alkaline solution, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and admixture were used as materials for geopolymer compositions used in the following examples.
- Table 1 shows the name of each material along with the symbols and physical properties.
- the physical properties of powder are density (g/cm 3 ) and specific surface area (cm 2 /g)
- the physical properties of alkaline solution are density (g/cm 3 ) and mass percent concentration (%), and fine aggregate. Density (g/cm 3 ) and water absorption (%) are shown for the physical properties of the admixture, and density (g/cm 3 ) and mass percent concentration (%) are shown for the physical properties of the admixture.
- the geopolymer composition of Example 1 includes powder, alkaline solution, fine aggregate, admixture and water.
- a mixed material of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) was used.
- the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) was set to 40:60.
- the fly ash (FA) Class II ash with standard quality as fly ash was used. Gluconic acid was used as an admixture.
- the material of the geopolymer composition was kneaded according to JIS R5201. Specifically, using a mixer for mortar kneading, water, sodium hydroxide, and gluconic acid are added in predetermined amounts, and then powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA). Silica fume (SF) was added, and finally blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) was added as fine aggregate. After kneading the materials of the geopolymer composition under predetermined conditions, a geopolymer composition was obtained.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- BFS blast furnace slag fine aggregate
- Example 1 the physical amount (Si) of silicon contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the blast furnace slag fine aggregate, which is fine aggregate, and the physical amount (Na) of sodium contained in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (Si/Na) was 3.3, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was 3.0 kmol/m 3 . Furthermore, the mortar flow value of the resulting geopolymer composition was measured (15 strokes) to evaluate the fluidity of the geopolymer composition. Table 2 shows the components of the geopolymer composition, their blending amounts, the ratio of the amount of silicon (Si) and the amount of sodium (Na) in the geopolymer composition excluding aggregates (Si/Na), units It shows the substance amount of sodium per volume. In the geopolymer composition of Example 1, blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) was used as a raw material and blended 100%.
- BFS blast furnace slag fine aggregate
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the mortar flow value of the geopolymer composition obtained in Example 1, the freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer obtained by curing the geopolymer composition, and the measurement results of the compressive strength. .
- the mortar flow value of the geopolymer composition was measured according to JIS R5201.
- the freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer was measured according to JIS A1148:2010.
- a specimen of the hardened geopolymer was prepared according to JIS A1132, and the compressive strength of the hardened geopolymer specimen was measured according to JIS A1108.
- Example 2 As shown in Table 2, a geopolymer composition was produced by adding gluconic acid as an admixture and kneading the materials of the geopolymer composition.
- the ratio (Si/Na) of the substance amount of silicon (Si) and the substance amount of sodium (Na) generated from the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was set to a range of 1.6 to 5.8.
- a geopolymer composition was produced in the same manner, except that the amount of sodium per unit volume contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the aggregate was 2.0 kmol/m 3 or more.
- Example 2 Si/Na was set to 2.2, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 4.2 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 3 Si/Na was set to 4.9, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 2.0 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 4 Si/Na was set to 1.6, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 5.6 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 5 Si/Na was set to 4.8, and the amount of substance per unit volume of sodium was set to 2.0 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 6 Si/Na was set to 2.7, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 2.8 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 7 Si/Na was set to 1.6, and the amount of substance per unit volume of sodium was set to 3.6 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 8 Si/Na was set to 2.1, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 3.2 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 9 Si/Na was 3.2, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was 2.9 kmol/m 3 .
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4 On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the ratio (Si/Na) of the substance amount of silicon (Si) and the substance amount of sodium (Na) generated from the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was 1.6 to 5.8.
- a geopolymer composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that it was out of the range. Specifically, in Comparative Example 1, Si/Na was set to 1.3, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 6.6 kmol/m 3 . In Comparative Example 2, Si/Na was set to 6.6, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 1.5 kmol/m 3 .
- Comparative Example 3 Si/Na was set to 1.5, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 5.9 kmol/m 3 . In Comparative Example 4, Si/Na was set to 5.9, and the amount of sodium per unit volume was set to 1.7 kmol/m 3 .
- Example 2-9 and Comparative Examples 1-4 The mortar flow values of the geopolymer compositions obtained in Examples 2-9 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Furthermore, freeze-thaw resistance and compressive strength of the hardened geopolymer obtained by curing the geopolymer composition were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the measurement results of the mortar flow values of the geopolymer compositions obtained in the above examples and comparative examples, and the freeze-thaw resistance and compression strength measurement results of the hardened geopolymer compositions.
- the resulting geopolymer composition exhibits a good mortar flow value and excellent workability. There was found. Furthermore, it was found that the hardened geopolymer obtained from the above geopolymer composition has excellent freeze-thaw resistance and sufficient compressive strength.
- the standard for freeze-thaw resistance which is an index of concrete durability
- 60% or higher is particularly desirable for on-site construction.
- the compressive strength which is an index of the durability of concrete, is 28 MPa or more.
- the geopolymer composition obtained in Example 1 is the amount of silicon contained in the geopolymer composition excluding the blast furnace slag fine aggregate as an aggregate (Si) and the amount of sodium contained in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the ratio (Si/Na) to the amount (Na) is 3.3, and the amount of substance per unit volume of sodium is 2.9 kmol/m 3 .
- the freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer produced by curing the geopolymer composition obtained in Example 1 is 95%.
- the geopolymer composition obtained in Comparative Example 1 has a ratio (Si/Na) to the above (Na) of 1.3, and the amount of substance per unit volume of sodium is 6.6 kmol/ m3 .
- the freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer produced by curing the geopolymer composition obtained in Comparative Example 1 is 30%.
- the ratio (Si/Na) to the amount (Na) of the alkali metal (sodium) contained in is 1.6 ⁇ Si / Na ⁇ 5.8, and is contained in the geopolymer composition excluding aggregate It was found that a hardened geopolymer having excellent freeze-thaw resistance can be produced by setting the amount of alkali metal (Na) per unit volume to 2.0 kmol/m 3 or more.
- the ratio of the number of moles of Si to the number of moles of alkali metal in the geopolymer composition excluding aggregate is 1.6 ⁇ Si / Na ⁇ 5.8, and the geopolymer composition excluding aggregate It was found that by using an aqueous alkali metal solution in which the amount of alkali metal ( Na) per unit volume contained in the rice field.
- Examples 10-16, Comparative Examples 5-8 The geopolymer compositions of Examples 10-16 and Comparative Examples 5-8 contain powder, alkaline solution, fine aggregate, admixture and water, and further contain coarse aggregate. Table 4 shows the composition of the geopolymer composition using coarse aggregate. Hard rock sand crushed stone (G) was used as the coarse aggregate.
- the geopolymer compositions of Examples 10-13 shown in Table 4 correspond to the geopolymer compositions of Examples 1-4, respectively, and the geopolymer compositions of Comparative Examples 5-8 correspond to the geopolymer compositions of Comparative Examples 1-4. geopolymer compositions, respectively.
- the component unit amount of each component constituting the geopolymer compositions of Examples 10 to 13 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 was the same as that of the geopolymer compositions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, except for the blending of coarse aggregate. It is the same as the component unit amount of each component that constitutes the product. Furthermore, the Si/Na ratio in the geopolymer compositions excluding the aggregate in the geopolymer compositions of Examples 10 to 13 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8, the unit volume of the alkali metal (Na) contained in the geopolymer compositions The amount of material per unit was the same.
- the fluidity of the geopolymer compositions obtained in the above examples and comparative examples was evaluated by slump flow measurement and slump measurement, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- the slump flow value of the geopolymer composition was measured according to JIS A1150:2020.
- the ratio of the number of moles of Si to the number of moles of alkali metal in the geopolymer compositions of Examples 10 to 16 excluding aggregates was 1.6 ⁇ Si / Na ⁇ 5.8, and aggregates were excluded
- the amount of alkali metal ( Na) contained in the geopolymer composition per unit volume is 2.0 kmol/m3 or more. There was no problem with the fluidity of the geopolymer composition. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 5 to 8, the slump flow of the geopolymer composition was either too small or too large, and there was a problem with the flowability.
- Example 17 and 18 In the method for producing the hardened geopolymer material of the present invention, in order to examine the appropriate mixing ratio of blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) and hard sandstone crushed sand (S) contained in the fine aggregate constituting the geopolymer composition. Then, based on the formulation of Example 1 in Table 2 above, kneading was performed by changing the blending ratio of blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) and hard sandstone crushed sand (S) to produce a geopolymer composition. Specifically, in Example 17, the volume ratio (BFS ratio (%) ) was taken as 75%. Furthermore, in Example 18, the BFS ratio (%) was set to 55%. After curing the geopolymer composition produced above, a hardened geopolymer was produced. The freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer obtained was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Comparative Examples 9 and 10 kneading was performed by changing the blending ratio of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) and the hard sandstone crushed sand (S) contained in the fine aggregate, and the geopolymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a composition was produced. Specifically, in Comparative Example 9, the volume ratio (BFS ratio (% )) was taken as 45%. In Comparative Example 10, the BFS ratio was set to 20%.
- the geopolymer composition produced above was cured to produce a hardened geopolymer. The freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer obtained was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 5 shows the components of the geopolymer compositions produced in Examples 1, 17, 18 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10, their blending amounts, the blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) ratio, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the hardened geopolymer. shows the results of sex measurement.
- BFS blast furnace slag fine aggregate
- Table 5 shows the freeze-thaw resistance evaluation results of the hardened geopolymer material. Freeze-thaw resistance of the body was significantly reduced. Therefore, the mixing ratio of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate is preferably 50% by volume or more. That is, according to Table 5, if the mixing ratio of blast furnace slag fine aggregate in the fine aggregate contained in the geopolymer composition is 50% by volume or more, the geopolymer hardened body produced from the geopolymer composition It was found that the freeze-thaw resistance can be significantly improved. As described above, in the above-described embodiment, fine aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine powder and fly ash at a volume ratio of 40:60 to 100:0 and blast furnace slag fine aggregate of 50% by volume or more is used.
- blast furnace slag fine aggregate preferably contains 50% by volume or more of the fine aggregate.
- the hardened geopolymer produced by the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention includes fine aggregate containing 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate, A geopolymer composition containing slag fines is used.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention does not use naturally-derived fine aggregates that are used in ordinary geopolymers, so it does not destroy nature and is a method for obtaining a hardened geopolymer that is more friendly to the environment. is also useful.
- the method for producing the hardened geopolymer of the present invention can improve the fluidity of the geopolymer composition, which is the precursor of the hardened geopolymer, improve its freshness, and significantly improve the freeze-thaw resistance.
- a hardened geopolymer can be produced. Therefore, the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention is industrially useful because it can contribute to the development of industries such as the civil engineering and construction industry, the materials industry, and the environment industry.
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Abstract
Description
原料として高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体とアルカリ金属溶液とグルコン酸と水とを混合したジオポリマー組成物を製造し、ジオポリマー組成物から骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるケイ素の物質量(Si)とアルカリ金属溶液に含まれるアルカリ金属の物質量(M)との比を所定範囲に設定し、かつ骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるアルカリ金属の単位体積あたりの物質量を所定量以上に設定することにより、高炉スラグ細骨材が多量に配合されたフレッシュ性状に優れたジオポリマー組成物を製造することができ、さらに上記ジオポリマー組成物を養生させることによりコンクリートと同様の性質を有し、凍結融解抵抗性にきわめて優れたジオポリマー硬化体を製造できることを知見し、本発明を開発した。
(1)高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程と、
前記第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程を含むジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法であって、
前記ジオポリマー組成物から前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるケイ素の物質量(Si)と前記アルカリ金属溶液に含まれるアルカリ金属の物質量(M)との比(Si/M)が1.6≦Si/M≦5.8であり、かつ、
前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれる前記アルカリ金属の単位体積あたりの物質量が2.0kmol/m3以上であることを特徴とする。
(a)前記粉体は、フライアッシュを、前記高炉スラグ微粉末とフライアッシュとの体積比で40:60~100:0の割合で含むものであること、
(b)前記骨材中の細骨材として、前記高炉スラグ細骨材を前記細骨材中に50体積%以上含むこと、などがより好ましい解決手段になり得るものと考えられる。
また、本発明にかかるジオポリマー硬化体は、上記ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー硬化体である。
前記ジオポリマー組成物から前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるケイ素の物質量(Si)と前記アルカリ金属溶液に含まれるアルカリ金属(M)の物質量との比(Si/M)が1.6≦Si/M≦5.8であり、かつ、
前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれる前記アルカリ金属の単位体積あたりの物質量が2.0kmol/m3以上であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明にかかるジオポリマー組成物は、上記ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー組成物である。
図1及び図2は、この実施形態にかかるジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法を示すフロー図である。図1は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体となるジオポリマー組成物が粗骨材を含まない場合のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の基本構成フロー図であり、図2は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体となるジオポリマー組成物が粗骨材を含む場合のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の基本構成フロー図である。図1及び図2に示されるように、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法100は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程101と、前記第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程102を含む。以下、各工程について説明する。
この実施形態でジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含み、あるいは更にフライアッシュを混合した粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程を含む。この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法により製造されるジオポリマー硬化体は、ジオポリマー組成物を養生して得られる。すなわち、第1工程において製造されるジオポリマー組成物は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体である。ここで、ジオポリマーとは、高炉スラグ微粉末やフライアッシュなどのアルミナシリカ粉末と、ケイ酸ナトリウム水溶液や水酸化ナトリウム水溶液などのアルカリシリカ溶液との反応によって得られる非晶質のポリマーの総称である。
粉体には、アルカリ溶液に溶解するケイ酸、酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、酸化カルシウムを含むものがよい。粉体の主成分は、アルカリの存在下においてジオポリマーの生成反応を示すガラス質(非晶質)を含んでいる。粉体の主成分として含まれているケイ素(Si)、アルミニウム(Al)は、アルカリ溶液に含まれているアルカリによって粉体から溶出し、脱水反応を伴う縮重合反応等を経由して、ケイ素(Si)-ケイ素(Si)縮合体であるジオポリマーを形成する。
アルカリ溶液は、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水ガラスまたはケイ酸カリウムとの化合物を含む水溶液が望ましい。ジオポリマーは、アルカリ源によって硬化するため、カリウムまたはナトリウムを含むアルカリ金属化合物を使用する必要がある。アルカリ金属化合物の量は、ジオポリマー硬化体の強度発現の観点から、骨材を除いたジオポリマー硬化体に含まれるアルカリ金属(例えば、Na)の単位体積当たりのモル数が2.0kmol/m3以上で使用するのが望ましい。その理由は、ジオポリマー組成物に含まれるアルカリ金属(例えば、Na)の単位体積当たりのモル数が2.0kmol/m3以上であれば、ケイ素(Si)の重合反応が十分に進行し、ジオポリマー組成物を養生して得られるジオポリマー硬化体の凍結融解抵抗性及び圧縮強度を確保することができるからである。
ジオポリマー組成物に含まれる骨材は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む。骨材は、高炉スラグ細骨材以外の細骨材を含んでいてもよい。骨材は、さらに粗骨材を含んでいてもよい。第1工程において製造されるジオポリマー組成物の原料である骨材としては、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材が使用される。その粒度はJIS A 5011-1:2018の規格に適合するように調整したものが望ましい。骨材が高炉スラグ細骨材を含むことにより、ジオポリマー硬化体の乾燥収縮を低減する効果が期待できるからである。更には、骨材中の細骨材として、細骨材に高炉スラグ細骨材が50体積%以上含まれていることが好ましい。
さらに、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の第1工程で製造されるジオポリマー組成物は、その流動性を確保し硬化を遅延させる目的で、混和剤としてグルコン酸を含む。すなわち、本実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体であるジオポリマー組成物の原料としてグルコン酸を含有している点に技術的特徴を有している。グルコン酸は、脂肪族のオキシカルボン酸であり、ジオポリマー組成物の硬化遅延効果を有している。
混錬(工程)は、上記各種材料を各種機械式のミキサに入れて攪拌、混合することにより行われる。混錬に使用するミキサは、上記各種材料を十分に撹拌することにより、ケイ素(Si)及びアルミニウム(Al)の縮合重合反応を進行させてジオポリマー組成物を製造することができるものであれば、特に限定されない。例えば、混錬に使用するミキサとしては、セメントコンクリートと同様のモルタルミキサ(JIS R5201準拠)やパン型ミキサ、強制二軸式ミキサ等を使用することができる。
この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法では、第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程を含む。その理由は、ジオポリマー組成物を養生することにより、ジオポリマー組成物中に含まれるケイ素(Si)及びアルミニウム(Al)とアルカリ溶液に含まれるアルカリとの反応が十分に進行する結果、ジオポリマー硬化体が製造されるからである。上記ジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程は、常温養生、または蒸気養生で行うことが好ましい。常温養生は、気中養生(例えば、温度20℃、湿度60%RH)であっても、水中養生(例えば、温度20℃)であってもよい。一方、蒸気養生は、所定の温度、所定の湿度に保持することができる装置を用いて行うことが好ましい。なお、ジオポリマー硬化体の初期強度を増加させることを目的として、前置き養生としての気中養生と40~80℃の蒸気により熱を与える蒸気養生とを組み合わせて施してもよい。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係るジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法について説明する。この実施形態に係るジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、上記第1実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の第1工程において使用される粉体がフライアッシュを、高炉スラグ微粉末とフライアッシュとを体積比で40:60~100:0の割合で含む点に特徴を有している。
次に、この実施施形態に係るジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法について説明する。この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、上記実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の第1工程において製造されるジオポリマー組成物に含まれる骨材中の細骨材として、前記高炉スラグ細骨材を前記細骨材中に50体積%以上含む点に特徴を有する。
この実施形態は、上記実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー硬化体である。すなわち、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体は、高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)を含む粉体、あるいは更にフライアッシュ(FA)を含む粉体、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む細骨材を原料とし、フレッシュ性状(モルタルフロー、スランプまたはスランプフロー等)に優れたジオポリマー組成物を養生させて得られ、凍結融解抵抗性を著しく向上させた硬化体であることからコンクリート2次製品の代替品として利用することができる。このため、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体は、老朽クリーク法面保護への利用、建築用ブロック/レンガ、漁(藻)礁等水産構造物、重金属汚染土の安定化処理、老朽溜池堤防の改修、刃金土の改修・堤体内止水壁、軟弱地盤対策、箱型基礎工法への利用、軟弱粘土の固化処理に使用することができる。
第5実施形態に係るジオポリマー組成物の製造方法について説明する。この実施形態のジオポリマー組成物の製造方法は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む細骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)を含む粉体、あるいは更にフライアッシュ(FA)を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造し、当該ジオポリマー組成物の骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるケイ素の物質量(Si)とアルカリ金属溶液に含まれるアルカリ金属の物質量(M)との比(Si/M)を所定範囲に設定し、ジオポリマー組成物は、骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるアルカリ金属の単位体積あたりの物質量を所定量以上とすることを特徴としている。
以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本願発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明の技術的範囲で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。
本発明のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法において、ジオポリマー組成物の原料として使用した材料を表1に示す。表1に示したように、以下の実施例おいて使用するジオポリマー組成物の材料としては、粉体、アルカリ溶液、細骨材、粗骨材、混和剤を使用した。なお、表1に、各材料の名称ともに、記号ならびに諸物性を示した。粉体の物性については、密度(g/cm3)と比表面積(cm2/g)を、アルカリ溶液の物性については、密度(g/cm3)と質量パーセント濃度(%)、細骨材の物性については、密度(g/cm3)と吸水率(%)、混和剤の物性については密度(g/cm3)と質量パーセント濃度(%)を示した。
表2に示されるように、混和剤であるグルコン酸を添加してジオポリマー組成物の材料の混錬を行い、ジオポリマー組成物を製造した。実施例2~5においては、上記ケイ素の物質量(Si)と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液から発生するナトリウムの物質量(Na)との比(Si/Na)を1.6から5.8の範囲とし、骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量が2.0kmol/m3以上にして、同様の方法でジオポリマー組成物を製造した。具体的には、実施例2において、Si/Naを2.2とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を4.2kmol/m3とした。実施例3において、Si/Naを4.9とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を2.0kmol/m3とした。実施例4において、Si/Naを1.6とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を5.6kmol/m3とした。実施例5において、Si/Naを4.8とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を2.0kmol/m3とした。実施例6において、Si/Naを2.7とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を2.8kmol/m3とした。実施例7において、Si/Naを1.6とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を3.6kmol/m3とした。実施例8において、Si/Naを2.1とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を3.2kmol/m3とした。実施例9において、Si/Naを3.2とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を2.9kmol/m3とした。
一方、比較例1~4においては、上記ケイ素の物質量(Si)と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液から発生するナトリウムの物質量(Na)との比(Si/Na)を1.6から5.8の範囲外とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてジオポリマー組成物を製造した。具体的には、比較例1において、Si/Naを1.3とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を6.6kmol/m3とした。比較例2において、Si/Naを6.6とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を1.5kmol/m3とした。比較例3において、Si/Naを1.5とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を5.9kmol/m3とした。比較例4において、Si/Naを5.9とし、ナトリウムの単位体積あたりの物質量を1.7kmol/m3とした。
実施例10~16、比較例5~8のジオポリマー組成物は、粉体、アルカリ溶液、細骨材、混和剤及び水を含み、さらに粗骨材を含むものである。粗骨材を用いたジオポリマー組成物の成分配合を表4に示す。粗骨材は、硬質岩砂砕石(G)を使用した。表4に示された実施例10~13のジオポリマー組成物は、実施例1~4のジオポリマー組成物にそれぞれ対応し、比較例5~8のジオポリマー組成物は、比較例1~4のジオポリマー組成物にそれぞれ対応している。実施例10~13、比較例5~8のジオポリマー組成物を構成する各成分の成分単位量は、粗骨材の配合を除き、実施例1~4、比較例1~4のジオポリマー組成物を構成する各成分の成分単位量と同一とした。さらに、実施例10~13、比較例5~8のジオポリマー組成物中の骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成中のSi/Na比、ジオポリマー組成物に含まれるアルカリ金属(Na)の単位体積あたりの物質量を同一とした。併せて、上記実施例及び比較例で得られたジオポリマー組成物の流動性をスランプフロー測定及びスランプ測定により評価し、その結果を表4に示す。なお、ジオポリマー組成物のスランプフロー値の測定は、JIS A1150:2020に準拠して行った。
本発明のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法において、ジオポリマー組成物を構成する細骨材に含まれる高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)と硬質砂岩砕砂(S)との適正な配合率を検討するために、上記表2中の実施例1の配合をベースとして高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)と硬質砂岩砕砂(S)との配合比率を変えて混錬を行い、ジオポリマー組成物を製造した。具体的には、実施例17においては、高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)と硬質砂岩砕砂(S)からなる骨材に含まれる高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)の体積割合(BFS比率(%))を75%とした。さらに、実施例18においては、上記BFS比率(%)を55%とした。上記製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生した後、ジオポリマー硬化体を製造した。得られたジオポリマー硬化体の凍結融解抵抗性の測定を実施例1と同様にして行った。
比較例9、10においては、細骨材に含まれる高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)と硬質砂岩砕砂(S)との配合比率を変えて混錬を行い、実施例1と同様にしてジオポリマー組成物を製造した。具体的には、比較例9においては、高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)と硬質砂岩砕砂(S)からなる細骨材に含まれる高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)の体積割合(BFS比率(%))を45%とした。比較例10においては、上記BFS比率を20%とした。上記製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生し、ジオポリマー硬化体を製造した。得られたジオポリマー硬化体の凍結融解抵抗性の測定を実施例1と同様にして行った。表5に実施例1、17、18、並びに比較例9、10において製造されたジオポリマー組成物の成分、その配合量、高炉スラグ細骨材(BFS)比率、ジオポリマー硬化体の凍結融解抵抗性の測定結果を示す。
Claims (6)
- 高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程と、
前記第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程を含むジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法であって、
前記ジオポリマー組成物から前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるケイ素の物質量(Si)と前記アルカリ金属溶液に含まれるアルカリ金属の物質量(M)との比(Si/M)が1.6≦Si/M≦5.8であり、かつ、
前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれる前記アルカリ金属の単位体積あたりの物質量が2.0kmol/m3以上であることを特徴とする、ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。 - 前記粉体は、フライアッシュを、前記高炉スラグ微粉末と前記フライアッシュとの体積比で40:60~100:0の割合で含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。
- 前記骨材中の細骨材として、前記高炉スラグ細骨材を前記細骨材中に50体積%以上含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー硬化体。
- 高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造するジオポリマー組成物の製造方法であって、
前記ジオポリマー組成物から前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれるケイ素の物質量(Si)と前記アルカリ金属溶液に含まれるアルカリ金属(M)の物質量との比(Si/M)が1.6≦Si/M≦5.8であり、かつ、
前記骨材を除いたジオポリマー組成物に含まれる前記アルカリ金属の単位体積あたりの物質量が2.0kmol/m3以上であることを特徴とする、ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載のジオポリマー組成物の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー組成物。
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