WO2022190862A1 - ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法、ジオポリマー硬化体、ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法、及びジオポリマー組成物 - Google Patents
ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法、ジオポリマー硬化体、ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法、及びジオポリマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190862A1 WO2022190862A1 PCT/JP2022/007252 JP2022007252W WO2022190862A1 WO 2022190862 A1 WO2022190862 A1 WO 2022190862A1 JP 2022007252 W JP2022007252 W JP 2022007252W WO 2022190862 A1 WO2022190862 A1 WO 2022190862A1
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- Prior art keywords
- geopolymer
- blast furnace
- furnace slag
- geopolymer composition
- composition
- Prior art date
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- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 279
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxyalkylene alkyl ether compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003133 Elaeis guineensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001950 Elaeis guineensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012164 animal wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C04B24/06—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a hardened geopolymer, a hardened geopolymer, a method for producing a geopolymer composition, and a geopolymer composition.
- Geopolymers are known to have a structure in which particles are joined together by using condensation polymer of silicic acid as a binder.
- the formulation used for this geopolymer is primarily an amorphous aluminum silicate-based powder and an alkali metal solution.
- As the powder kaolin, clay, fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, etc. are used, and as the alkali metal solution, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, water glass, potassium silicate, etc. are used. ing.
- a hardened body similar to mortar using Portland cement can be obtained.
- coarse aggregate as aggregate a hardened body similar to concrete can be obtained.
- the powder is often a mixture of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.
- the above-mentioned fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag are obtained in large amounts as by-products from combustion furnaces and blast furnaces, and their use is desirable from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources.
- natural aggregates such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone are used as aggregates, and there are few examples of studies using by-products such as blast furnace slag fine aggregate. Therefore, there are few studies investigating the setting time of a geopolymer composition using blast furnace slag fine aggregate, the strength of a hardened geopolymer produced from the geopolymer composition, and the freeze-thaw resistance.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for producing a geopolymer composition in which a filler composed of fly ash and blast furnace slag, an alkaline solution, and an aggregate are kneaded and then cured and hardened. .
- This method described in Patent Document 1 proposes a geopolymer composition in which 10% or more of ground granulated blast furnace slag is mixed with fly ash.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a geopolymer admixture in which a shrinkage reducing agent comprising an oxyalkylene alkyl ether compound and a shrinkage reducing aid comprising an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid compound are combined.
- the admixture disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a geopolymer additive for adjusting setting time and improving fluidity and drying shrinkage by using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as powders.
- Patent Document 1 the blending amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag with respect to fly ash is small, and there is only a blending result of up to 30% by volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag with respect to fly ash. Furthermore, the method for producing the geopolymer composition described in Patent Document 1 is developed using only natural sand as fine aggregate.
- Patent Document 2 proposes several shrinkage reducing aids and discloses that the effect of reducing the drying shrinkage of geopolymer mortar can be obtained.
- an example is shown in which river sand is used as the fine aggregate and crushed limestone is used as the coarse aggregate for the geopolymer hardened body.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 use natural sand as fine aggregate, but the use of natural products raises concerns about the impact on the environment. From this point of view, alternatives to sand as fine aggregate have been studied.
- One such alternative is the use of blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the blast furnace slag fine aggregate has the same components as the ground granulated blast furnace slag, it may react with the alkali metal solution to accelerate hardening.
- blast furnace slag fine aggregate as the fine aggregate, the fluidity of the geopolymer composition is lowered, entrapped air is more likely to enter, and breathing occurs.
- the present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned actual situation of the prior art, and the object thereof is to improve the geopolymer composition even when a large amount of blast furnace slag fine aggregate is used as the aggregate.
- the present invention was made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows. That is, the present invention proposes the following (1) and (2).
- (1) A first step of kneading an aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, a powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, an alkali metal solution, gluconic acid, and water to produce a geopolymer composition;
- a method for producing a hardened geopolymer, comprising a second step of curing the geopolymer composition produced in the first step.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer according to the present invention includes: (a) the powder contains fly ash at a volume ratio of 10:90 to 100:0 between the ground granulated blast furnace slag and the fly ash; (b) Containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate in an amount of 50% by volume or more as the fine aggregate in the aggregate may be a more preferable solution. (c) Further, the cured geopolymer according to the present invention is a cured geopolymer manufactured by the method for manufacturing a cured geopolymer described above.
- a geopolymer composition according to the present invention involves kneading an aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, an alkali metal solution, gluconic acid, and water. and a method for producing a geopolymer composition.
- a geopolymer composition according to the present invention is a geopolymer composition produced by the method for producing a geopolymer composition described above.
- blast furnace slag fine aggregate can be used at a rate of 50% by volume or more as an aggregate in a geopolymer composition, and drying shrinkage, which is said to be a weak point of geopolymers, can be reduced. I was able to make a mix.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention can suppress the use of natural fine aggregates such as mountain sand, river sand, sea sand, and crushed sand produced in a crushed stone factory, which are used in ordinary geopolymers. Therefore, the hardened geopolymer obtained by the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention is a hardened geopolymer that is more environmentally friendly.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a hardened geopolymer body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining a method for producing a hardened geopolymer body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are flow charts showing the method for producing a hardened geopolymer according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a basic configuration flow diagram of a method for producing a hardened geopolymer when the geopolymer composition, which is a precursor of the hardened geopolymer, does not contain coarse aggregate
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a basic configuration flow diagram of a method for producing a hardened geopolymer when a geopolymer composition as a precursor contains coarse aggregate.
- the method 100 for producing a hardened geopolymer material of this embodiment includes aggregate containing fine blast furnace slag aggregate, powder containing ground blast furnace slag powder, and an alkali metal solution. , a first step 101 of kneading gluconic acid and water to produce a geopolymer composition, and a second step 102 of curing the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. Each step will be described below.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer includes aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag, or powder containing fly ash, an alkali metal solution, and gluconic acid. and a first step of kneading water to produce a geopolymer composition.
- a cured geopolymer produced by the method for producing a cured geopolymer of this embodiment is obtained by curing a geopolymer composition. That is, the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is a precursor of a cured geopolymer.
- geopolymer is a general term for amorphous polymers obtained by reacting alumina silica powder such as ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash with alkali silica solution such as sodium silicate aqueous solution and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. be.
- the raw materials for the geopolymer composition produced in the first step are powder mainly containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), powder further containing fly ash (FA), alkaline solution, gluconic acid, blast furnace slag fine bone It is an aggregate containing wood (BFS).
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- BFS aggregate containing wood
- the powders preferably contain silicic acid, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, which are soluble in alkaline solutions.
- the main component of the powder contains vitreous (amorphous) that exhibits a geopolymer formation reaction in the presence of alkali.
- Silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) which are contained as the main components of the powder, are eluted from the powder by the alkali contained in the alkaline solution, and through condensation polymerization reactions involving dehydration reactions, silicon It forms a geopolymer that is a (Si)-silicon (Si) condensate.
- the powder contains ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) as the main component. That is, as the powder, ground granulated blast furnace slag obtained by processing granulated blast furnace slag, which is a by-product of producing hot metal in a blast furnace, can be used. Alternatively, fly ash (FA) or silica fume (SF), which are by-produced in thermal power plants, may be added to the above powder. Specifically, as the ground granulated blast furnace slag, standard products specified in JIS A 6206:2013 can be used. Also, as the fly ash (FA), for example, a standard product specified in JIS A 6201:2015 can be used.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- the amount of powder contained in the geopolymer composition can be adjusted to 500 to 900 kg/m 3 in total for ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) when coarse aggregate is not used. preferable. If the blending amount (unit amount) of the powder is 500 kg/m 3 or more, it is possible to produce a geopolymer composition necessary for producing a hardened geopolymer with little drying shrinkage, which is preferable. It is preferable that the amount of the powder compounded is 900 kg/m 3 or less because no unreacted powder is generated.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- the blending amount of the powder is preferably adjusted to 200 to 600 kg/m 3 in total of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA).
- the mixing ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is appropriately set in order to ensure the time to start and finish setting of the geopolymer composition.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- the calculation of the volume ratio of each material can be done by dividing the unit volume mass of the recipe by the density of each material.
- the density is the density specified in JIS R 5201:2015 for ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA), and the density specified in JIS A 1109:2020 for fine aggregate.
- the powder used in the first step is mainly composed of powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) or powder containing fly ash (FA).
- Industrial by-products such as metakaolin, which is a fired product of clay minerals, rice husk ash, palm ash obtained by firing oil palm residue, waste glass, municipal waste incineration ash, sewage sludge incineration ash, etc. can be included as
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is mainly composed of powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag, or powder containing fly ash (FA). It is characterized by a high content of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) and a low content of calcium (Ca).
- alkaline solution is preferably an aqueous solution containing compounds with sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, water glass or potassium silicate. Geopolymers are hardened by alkaline sources, requiring the use of alkali metal compounds containing potassium or sodium.
- the amount of alkali metal compound is the ratio of the amount of silicon (Si) contained in ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume in the powder to the amount of alkali metal (e.g. Na, K) in the alkaline solution. (molar ratio) is preferably adjusted to 1.0 to 6.0.
- the ratio (molar ratio) between the amount of silicon (Si) and the amount of alkali metal is 1.0 or more, the polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) proceeds sufficiently, and silicon (Si) If the ratio (molar ratio) between the amount of substance and the amount of alkali metal is 6.0 or less, the hardened geopolymer obtained by curing the geopolymer composition has sufficient strength even at the initial age. This is because
- the concentration of the alkaline solution used when manufacturing the geopolymer composition in the first step can be appropriately set in consideration of the amount of water and the amount of alkali (OH) contained in the geopolymer composition.
- the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution can be set to 48% by mass.
- the unit amount of water can be determined in consideration of the water contained in the alkaline solution and the gluconic acid solution, and the water generated in the condensation polymerization reaction of silicon (Si).
- the unit amount of water varies depending on the required strength, but is preferably adjusted within the range of 100 to 300 kg/m 3 when coarse aggregate is not used. Also, when coarse aggregate is used, it is desirable to adjust the unit amount of water in the range of 60 to 200 kg/m 3 .
- the unit amount of water can be determined in consideration of the water contained in the alkaline solution and the gluconic acid solution. If the unit water content is equal to or higher than the lower limit of each range, it is preferable because the fluidity of the geopolymer composition can be ensured. Moreover, when the unit water amount is equal to or less than the upper limit of each range, drying shrinkage can be suppressed.
- the aggregate included in the geopolymer composition includes blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the aggregate may contain fine aggregate other than blast furnace slag fine aggregate.
- the aggregate may further contain coarse aggregate.
- Aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate is used as the aggregate which is the raw material of the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. It is desirable that the particle size is adjusted so as to comply with the JIS A 5011-1:2018 standard. This is because the effect of reducing the drying shrinkage of the hardened geopolymer can be expected when the aggregate contains blast furnace slag fine aggregate. Furthermore, it is preferable that the aggregate is fine aggregate and that the fine aggregate contains blast furnace slag fine aggregate in an amount of 50% by volume or more.
- the aggregate volume ratio (the volume of aggregate in the volume of the geopolymer composition) is as high as possible.
- the aggregate volume ratio is desirably 40% or more.
- the aggregate volume ratio is desirably 60% or more. Since it is the hardened geopolymer that greatly affects the amount of drying shrinkage, by increasing the aggregate volume ratio, the amount of the hardened geopolymer can be reduced and the amount of drying shrinkage can be reduced.
- one of the methods for reducing the amount of drying shrinkage of hardened geopolymers is to increase the coarse aggregate volume ratio.
- coarse aggregate can generally be purchased cheaply. This leads to a reduction in the price of the kneaded product obtained by the above method, which is more economical and preferable.
- the water absorption of the fine aggregate is preferably 3.5% or less. If the water absorption of the fine aggregate is 3.5% or less, the quality of the geopolymer composition produced in the first step can be maintained uniformly, which is preferable. For the same reason, the surface dry density of fine aggregate is desirably 2.5 g/cm 3 or more.
- blast furnace slag coarse aggregate natural coarse aggregate generally used for concrete, or coarse aggregate adjusted in grain size to fit within the grain size of JIS standards may be used. good.
- coarse aggregates natural aggregates defined in JIS A1110:2020 can be used.
- the water absorption of this coarse aggregate is desirably 3.0% or less for the same reason that the fine aggregate was adopted.
- the surface dry density of the coarse aggregate is 2.5 g/cm 3 or more.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step of the method for producing a hardened geopolymer body of this embodiment contains gluconic acid as an admixture for the purpose of ensuring fluidity and delaying curing. That is, the method for producing a cured geopolymer of the present embodiment is technically characterized in that gluconic acid is contained as a raw material of the geopolymer composition, which is a precursor of the cured geopolymer.
- Gluconic acid is an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid and has a curing retarding effect on the geopolymer composition.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step contains powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), or powder containing fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag fine aggregate as raw materials. .
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- blast furnace slag fine aggregate as raw materials.
- the reaction between the silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) contained in the powder and the blast furnace slag fine aggregate and the alkali in the alkaline solution increases, resulting in a large amount of geopolymer.
- the fluidity of the geopolymer composition is significantly reduced.
- the workability of geopolymer compositions with reduced fluidity is significantly reduced. As a result, it becomes difficult to produce a desired cured geopolymer using a geopolymer composition with reduced fluidity.
- the geopolymer composition is produced by adding gluconic acid, which is an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid, as an admixture to the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. It can improve the fluidity of things. Gluconic acid contained in the geopolymer composition chelates and sequesters calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) supplied from ground granulated blast furnace slag contained in the geopolymer composition produced in the first step. , is thought to suppress the reaction with the alkali in the alkaline solution. As a result, the fluidity of the geopolymer composition can be ensured, and the hardening of the geopolymer composition can be delayed.
- gluconic acid which is an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid
- gluconic acid As gluconic acid, an aqueous gluconic acid solution (density 1.8 g/cm 3 , mass percent concentration 50%) is adopted, and when blended as a component of the geopolymer composition, the aqueous gluconic acid solution is added at 0.1 to 60 kg / It is desirable to use with m 3 .
- the reason for this is that the material cost of the geopolymer composition increases, and the moisture content of the geopolymer composition increases, which has the effect of retarding the hardening of the geopolymer composition.
- the amount of gluconic acid used is more preferably 1 to 40 kg/m 3 , more preferably 2 to 40 kg/m 3 .
- the kneading is performed by putting the above various materials into various mechanical mixers and stirring and mixing them.
- the mixer used for kneading should be capable of producing a geopolymer composition by sufficiently stirring the various materials described above to allow the condensation polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) to proceed.
- Si silicon
- Al aluminum
- a mixer used for kneading a mortar mixer (JIS R5201 compliant) similar to cement concrete, a pan mixer, a forced twin-screw mixer, and the like can be used.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate are mixed. It is preferable to add the alkaline solution after charging the mixture into the mixer and preliminarily kneading the mixture. Further, the kneading may be performed at two speeds of low speed and high speed.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer body of this embodiment includes a second step of curing the geopolymer composition produced in the first step.
- the reason for this is that by curing the geopolymer composition, the reaction between the silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) contained in the geopolymer composition and the alkali contained in the alkaline solution progresses sufficiently. This is because a cured product is produced.
- the second step of curing the geopolymer composition is preferably carried out by ordinary temperature curing or steam curing. Normal temperature curing may be air curing (eg temperature 20° C., humidity 60% RH) or underwater curing (eg temperature 20° C.).
- steam curing is preferably performed using an apparatus capable of maintaining a predetermined temperature and humidity.
- an apparatus capable of maintaining a predetermined temperature and humidity For the purpose of increasing the initial strength of the hardened geopolymer body, a combination of air curing as pre-curing and steam curing applying heat with steam at 60 to 80° C. may be applied.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step is filled into a mold (formwork).
- a release agent such as wax may be applied to the inside of the mold (formwork) to facilitate removal of the geopolymer composition from the formwork.
- As the formwork it is possible to use a formwork made of wood similar to that conventionally used as a concrete formwork, or a metal such as steel. Examples of release agents include petroleum wax, animal and plant waxes, mineral waxes, synthetic waxes, and the like.
- the curing period of the geopolymer composition filled in the mold (formwork) is the reaction between silicon (Si), aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) contained in the geopolymer composition and the alkali contained in the alkaline solution. After sufficient progress, it is appropriately set so that a hardened geopolymer is produced.
- the curing period of the geopolymer composition can be set to 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 28 days, 91 days, etc. according to the properties of the geopolymer composition.
- the wet curing period is preferably 5 to 9 days, which is the same as for ordinary concrete, in consideration of productivity and construction period.
- the geopolymer composition is cured to form a cured geopolymer.
- the fluidity of the geopolymer composition which is the precursor of the hardened geopolymer (for example, when the geopolymer composition does not contain coarse aggregate, Mortar flow, slump or slump flow when the geopolymer composition contains coarse aggregate) can be improved, and freshness can be improved, and a hardened geopolymer with little drying shrinkage can be produced.
- the method for producing the hardened geopolymer body of the first embodiment it is not necessary to use the natural fine aggregates used in ordinary hardened geopolymer bodies. A gentle geopolymer cured body is obtained.
- the powder used in the first step of the method for producing a cured geopolymer according to the first embodiment is fly ash, and the ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash are in a volume ratio of 10:90 to 100:0.
- the condensation polymerization reaction of silicon (Si) and the like contained in fly ash is preferred because it promotes Further, if the volume ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag and the fly ash is 100:0, a large amount of the ground granulated blast furnace slag can be used and the strength of the hardened geopolymer can be ensured, which is preferable.
- the geopolymer composition produced in the first step contains gluconic acid
- a powder containing a large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag is used. can also ensure its fluidity and can delay rapid curing of the geopolymer composition.
- a hardened geopolymer with less drying shrinkage can be obtained by curing the above geopolymer composition.
- the fly ash is a powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash at a volume ratio of 10:90 to 100:0. In this way, it is possible to obtain a geopolymer composition with sufficient workability as well as a sufficient setting start time and setting end time of the geopolymer composition. It becomes possible to produce a hardened geopolymer with little shrinkage.
- the blast furnace It is characterized in that 50% by volume or more of slag fine aggregate is included in the fine aggregate.
- the fine aggregate in the aggregate which is the raw material of the geopolymer composition produced in the first step of the method for producing a hardened geopolymer material of this embodiment, 50% of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate is added to the fine aggregate. If it contains blast furnace slag fine aggregate of vol % or more, it is possible to produce a geopolymer hardened body with little drying shrinkage, which is preferable. As the fine aggregate in the aggregate contained in the geopolymer composition, it is sufficient that the fine aggregate contains 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate. It may be an aggregate.
- the fine aggregate contained in the geopolymer composition contains 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate, natural sand such as mountain sand, sea sand, and crushed sand produced at a crushed stone factory can be substituted.
- a large amount of blast furnace slag which is a by-product of producing pig iron in a blast furnace, can be effectively utilized.
- the fine aggregate used in the first step contains blast furnace slag fine aggregate in an amount of 50% by volume or more.
- This embodiment is a hardened geopolymer produced by the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the above embodiment. That is, the geopolymer hardened body of this embodiment is made of powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), powder containing fly ash (FA), aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, and fresh Obtained by curing a geopolymer composition with excellent properties (mortar flow, slump, slump flow, etc.), it can be used as a substitute for concrete secondary products because it is a cured product with little drying shrinkage.
- GGBF ground granulated blast furnace slag
- FA fly ash
- aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate and fresh Obtained by curing a geopolymer composition with excellent properties (mortar flow, slump, slump flow, etc.)
- the hardened geopolymer of this embodiment is used for protection of aged creek slopes, building blocks/bricks, fishery structures such as fishing (algae) reefs, stabilization of heavy metal-contaminated soil, and aged pond embankments. It can be used for renovation, repair of blade metal soil, cutoff walls in the levee body, countermeasures against soft ground, use for box-shaped foundation construction methods, and solidification of soft clay.
- the hardened geopolymer of this embodiment is characterized by excellent fire resistance and resistance to alkali-silica reaction.
- the hardened geopolymer in this embodiment has very little drying shrinkage, it can be used as a construction material for sleepers, outer groove blocks, U-shaped grooves, pedestrian vehicle boundary blocks, airport parking apron pavement, etc. .
- fine aggregate including blast furnace slag fine aggregate is adopted as the aggregate that is the raw material of the geopolymer composition.
- the method for producing a geopolymer composition of this embodiment includes an aggregate containing blast furnace slag fine aggregate, a powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF), or a powder containing fly ash (FA), an alkali It is characterized by a method for producing a geopolymer composition by kneading a metal solution, gluconic acid, and water.
- the method for producing a geopolymer composition of this embodiment can produce a geopolymer composition that is a precursor of a cured geopolymer. That is, the method for producing the geopolymer composition of this embodiment corresponds to the first step of the method for producing the hardened geopolymer. Since the geopolymer composition contains gluconic acid as an admixture, it contains a powder containing a large amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag and an aggregate containing 50% by volume or more of blast furnace slag fine aggregate in the fine aggregate. Even with a geopolymer composition, it is possible to produce a cured geopolymer with little drying shrinkage without lowering the fluidity of the geopolymer composition.
- 50 blast furnace slag fine aggregates are used as fine aggregates in the aggregates contained in the geopolymer composition.
- fine aggregate containing vol% or more it is possible to produce a geopolymer composition that is a precursor of a hardened geopolymer that can significantly reduce drying shrinkage of the geopolymer composition.
- Table 1 shows the materials used as raw materials for the geopolymer composition in the method for producing the cured geopolymer body of the present invention.
- powder, alkaline solution, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and admixture were used as materials for geopolymer compositions used in the following examples.
- Table 1 shows the name of each material along with its symbol and physical properties.
- the physical properties of powder are density (g/cm 3 ) and specific surface area (cm 2 /g)
- the physical properties of alkaline solution are density (g/cm 3 ) and mass percent concentration (%)
- fine aggregate are shown for the physical properties of the admixture
- Surface dry density (g/cm 3 ) and water absorption (%) are shown for the physical properties of the admixture
- density (g/cm 3 ) and mass percent concentration (%) are shown for the physical properties of the admixture.
- the geopolymer composition of Example 1 contains powder, alkaline solution, fine aggregate, admixture and water.
- powder a mixed material of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and silica fume (SF) was used.
- the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) was set to 60:40.
- fly ash (FA) Class II ash with standard quality as fly ash was used.
- Gluconic acid was used as an admixture.
- the kneading of the material of the geopolymer composition was performed in accordance with JIS R5201. Specifically, using a mixer for mortar kneading, water, sodium hydroxide, and gluconic acid are added in predetermined amounts, and then powder containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA). Silica fume (SF) was added, and finally blast furnace slag fine aggregate (BFS) was added as fine aggregate. After kneading the materials of the geopolymer composition under predetermined conditions, a geopolymer composition was obtained. Furthermore, the mortar flow value of the resulting geopolymer composition was measured (15 strokes) to evaluate the fluidity of the geopolymer composition. Table 2 shows the components of the geopolymer composition, their compounding amounts, and the measurement results of the mortar flow value. The mortar flow value of the resulting geopolymer composition was measured according to JIS R5201.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 In Comparative Example 1, the materials were kneaded without adding gluconic acid as an admixture, and in Comparative Example 2, a geopolymer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sodium gluconate was used instead of gluconic acid. manufactured things. That is, in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, additive-free, gluconic acid, and sodium gluconate were used in order to grasp the effect of improving fluidity by adding an admixture. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the materials, compounding amounts, and mortar flow values of the geopolymer composition.
- gluconic acid was used as the admixture in the blending study of the geopolymer compositions of the following examples. If too much gluconic acid is added, the material cost of the geopolymer composition will increase, and adding gluconic acid as an aqueous solution will increase the water content, which will delay curing when curing the geopolymer composition. Therefore, when using the gluconic acid used in the examples shown in Table 1, it is desirable to use it at 2 to 40 (kg/m 3 ).
- blast furnace slag was used to study the appropriate mixing ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder constituting the geopolymer composition. Kneading was performed by changing the volume ratio of fine powder (GGBF) and fly ash (FA).
- Example 2 the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is 100: 0, and in Example 3
- the volume ratio of the ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was 90: 10
- the ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly The volume ratio of ash (FA) is 80:20. sets the volume ratio of ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder to 60:40. (FA) in the volume ratio of 50:50.
- the volume ratio of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is 30:70
- the granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash ( FA) was set to 20:80
- the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was set to 10:90.
- Example 12 the volume ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was 100:0, and in Example 13, the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF ) and fly ash (FA) is 60:40, and in Example 14, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is 40:60. .
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was set to a volume ratio outside the range of Examples 2 to 14 above. Specifically, in Comparative Example 3, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was set to 0:100. Table 3 shows the materials of the geopolymer composition, the blending amount, and the measurement results of the setting time of the geopolymer composition. The setting time was measured according to JIS A1147. In Table 3, S is fine aggregate, and in the present formulation of the geopolymer compositions of Examples 2 to 14, 100% blast furnace slag fine aggregate was used.
- Example 15 In the formulation using coarse aggregate, in Example 15, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was 100: 0, and in Example 16, the powder The volume ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is 90: 10, and in Example 17, the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder In Example 18, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder is 70:30, and in Example 19, the powder contains The volume ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was 60:40.
- Example 21 the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was 40:60. The volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) was set to 30:70.
- Example 23 the volume ratio of the ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was 20:80, and in Example 24, the ground blast furnace slag (GGBF) contained in the powder was ) and fly ash (FA) was set to 10:90.
- Example 25 the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was set to 100:0.
- the volume ratio of powder (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) was set to 60:40, and in Example 27, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was was set to 40:60.
- the setting time of the geopolymer composition obtained after kneading was measured. The setting time was measured according to JIS A1147. Table 4 shows the measurement results of the materials, compounding amounts, and setting time of the geopolymer composition blended using coarse aggregate.
- Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 4, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was set to a volume ratio outside the range of Examples 15-27. Specifically, in Comparative Example 4, the volume ratio of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF) and fly ash (FA) contained in the powder was set to 0:100. Table 4 shows the materials of the geopolymer composition, the blending amount, and the measurement results of the setting time of the geopolymer composition.
- Example 28-31 In Examples 28-31 and Comparative Examples 5-8, geopolymer compositions were produced by changing the blending ratio of blast furnace slag fine aggregate in fine aggregate without using coarse aggregate. A compounding test was conducted to investigate the difference in drying shrinkage performance when curing the composition to produce a cured geopolymer.
- the volume ratio of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate blended in the fine aggregate composed of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate and crushed sand was set to 50 to 100%.
- Comparative Examples 5 to 8 the volume ratio of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate blended in the fine aggregate composed of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate and crushed sand was set to 0 to 45%.
- Table 5 shows the formulation of the geopolymer composition, the geopolymer composition, and the drying shrinkage test results calculated from the hardened geopolymer produced after curing.
- the drying shrinkage test was carried out by a method according to the length change measuring method of mortar and concrete defined in JIS A1129-3:2010.
- Examples 32-35 Comparative Examples 9-12
- a geopolymer composition was produced by changing the blending ratio of blast furnace slag fine aggregate in fine aggregate, and the geopolymer composition was cured.
- a compounding test was conducted to investigate the difference in drying shrinkage performance when producing hardened geopolymers.
- the volume ratio of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate blended in the fine aggregate composed of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate and crushed sand was 50 to 100%.
- Comparative Examples 9 to 12 the volume ratio of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate blended in the fine aggregate composed of the blast furnace slag fine aggregate and crushed sand was 0 to 45%.
- Table 6 shows the formulation of the geopolymer composition, the results of the drying shrinkage test calculated from the geopolymer composition and the hardened geopolymer produced after curing.
- the hardened geopolymer produced by the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention contains fly ash, which is a byproduct of thermal power generation, and ground granulated blast furnace slag, which is a byproduct of molten iron production.
- fly ash which is a byproduct of thermal power generation
- ground granulated blast furnace slag which is a byproduct of molten iron production.
- a geopolymer composition is used.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention does not use the fine aggregates used in ordinary geopolymers, so it is also useful as a method for obtaining a hardened geopolymer that is more environmentally friendly without causing natural destruction. is.
- the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention can improve the fluidity of the geopolymer composition, which is the precursor of the hardened geopolymer, improve its freshness, and greatly reduce drying shrinkage. It is possible to produce a geopolymer cured body that can be used. Therefore, the method for producing a hardened geopolymer of the present invention is industrially useful because it can contribute to the development of industries such as the civil engineering and construction industry, the materials industry, and the environment industry.
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Abstract
Description
(1)高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程と、前記第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程を含むことを特徴とする、ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。
(a)前記粉体は、フライアッシュを、前記高炉スラグ微粉末と前記フライアッシュとの体積比で10:90~100:0の割合で含むものであること、
(b)前記骨材中の細骨材として、前記高炉スラグ細骨材を前記細骨材中に50体積%以上含むこと、などがより好ましい解決手段になり得るものと考えられる。
(c)また、本発明にかかるジオポリマー硬化体は、上記ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー硬化体である。
(d)また、本発明にかかるジオポリマー組成物は、上記ジオポリマー組成物の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー組成物である。
図1及び図2は、この実施形態にかかるジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法を示すフロー図である。図1は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体となるジオポリマー組成物が粗骨材を含まない場合のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の基本構成フロー図であり、図2は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体となるジオポリマー組成物が粗骨材を含む場合のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の基本構成フロー図である。図1及び図2に示されるように、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法100は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程101と、前記第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程102を含む。以下、各工程について説明する。
この実施形態でジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体、あるいは更にフライアッシュを含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程を含む。この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法により製造されるジオポリマー硬化体は、ジオポリマー組成物を養生して得られる。すなわち、第1工程において製造されるジオポリマー組成物は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体である。ここで、ジオポリマーとは、高炉スラグ微粉末やフライアッシュなどのアルミナシリカ粉末と、ケイ酸ナトリウム水溶液や水酸化ナトリウム水溶液などのアルカリシリカ溶液との反応によって得られる非晶質のポリマーの総称である。
粉体には、アルカリ溶液に溶解するケイ酸、酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、酸化カルシウムを含むものがよい。粉体の主成分は、アルカリの存在下においてジオポリマーの生成反応を示すガラス質(非晶質)を含んでいる。粉体の主成分として含まれているケイ素(Si)、アルミニウム(Al)は、アルカリ溶液に含まれているアルカリによって粉体から溶出し、脱水反応を伴う縮重合反応等を経由して、ケイ素(Si)-ケイ素(Si)縮合体であるジオポリマーを形成する。
アルカリ溶液は、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水ガラスまたはケイ酸カリウムとの化合物を含む水溶液が望ましい。ジオポリマーは、アルカリ源によって硬化するため、カリウムまたはナトリウムを含むアルカリ金属化合物を使用する必要がある。アルカリ金属化合物の量は、粉体中の高炉スラグ微粉末、フライアッシュおよびシリカフュームに含まれるケイ素(Si)の物質量とアルカリ溶液中のアルカリ金属(例えば、Na、K)の物質量との比(モル比)が1.0~6.0となるように調整するのが好ましい。その理由は、ケイ素(Si)の物質量とアルカリ金属の物質量との比(モル比)が1.0以上であれば、ケイ素(Si)の重合反応が十分に進行し、ケイ素(Si)の物質量とアルカリ金属の物質量との比(モル比)が6.0以下であれば、ジオポリマー組成物を養生して得られるジオポリマー硬化体が初期材齢であっても十分な強度を確保できるためである。
ジオポリマー組成物に含まれる骨材は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む。骨材は、高炉スラグ細骨材以外の細骨材を含んでいてもよい。骨材は、さらに粗骨材を含んでいてもよい。第1工程において製造されるジオポリマー組成物の原料である骨材としては、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材が使用される。その粒度はJIS A 5011-1:2018の規格に適合するように調整したものが望ましい。骨材が高炉スラグ細骨材を含むことにより、ジオポリマー硬化体の乾燥収縮を低減する効果が期待できるからである。更には、骨材が細骨材として、細骨材に高炉スラグ細骨材が50体積%以上含まれていることが好ましい。
さらに、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の第1工程で製造されるジオポリマー組成物は、その流動性を確保し硬化を遅延させる目的で、混和剤としてグルコン酸を含む。すなわち、本実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、ジオポリマー硬化体の前駆体であるジオポリマー組成物の原料としてグルコン酸を含有している点に技術的特徴を有している。グルコン酸は、脂肪族のオキシカルボン酸であり、ジオポリマー組成物の硬化遅延効果を有している。
混錬(工程)は、上記各種材料を各種機械式のミキサに入れて攪拌、混合することにより行われる。混錬に使用するミキサは、上記各種材料を十分に撹拌することにより、ケイ素(Si)及びアルミニウム(Al)の縮合重合反応を進行させてジオポリマー組成物を製造することができるものであれば、特に限定されない。例えば、混錬に使用するミキサとしては、セメントコンクリートと同様のモルタルミキサ(JIS R5201準拠)やパン型ミキサ、強制二軸式ミキサ等を使用することができる。
この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法では、第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程を含む。その理由は、ジオポリマー組成物を養生することにより、ジオポリマー組成物中に含まれるケイ素(Si)及びアルミニウム(Al)とアルカリ溶液に含まれるアルカリとの反応が十分に進行する結果、ジオポリマー硬化体が製造されるからである。上記ジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程は、常温養生、または蒸気養生で行うことが好ましい。常温養生は、気中養生(例えば、温度20℃、湿度60%RH)であっても、水中養生(例えば、温度20℃)であってもよい。一方、蒸気養生は、所定の温度、所定の湿度に保持することができる装置を用いて行うことが好ましい。なお、ジオポリマー硬化体の初期強度を増加させることを目的として、前置き養生としての気中養生と60~80℃の蒸気により熱を与える蒸気養生とを組み合わせて施してもよい。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態に係るジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法について説明する。この実施形態に係るジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、上記第1実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の第1工程において使用される粉体がフライアッシュを、高炉スラグ微粉末とフライアッシュとを体積比で10:90~100:0の割合で含む点に特徴を有している。
次に、この実施施形態に係るジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法について説明する。この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法は、上記実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法の第1工程において製造されるジオポリマー組成物に含まれる骨材中の細骨材として、前記高炉スラグ細骨材を前記細骨材中に50体積%以上含む点に特徴を有する。
この実施形態は、上記実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー硬化体である。すなわち、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体は、高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)を含む粉体、あるいは更にフライアッシュ(FA)を含む粉体、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材を原料とし、フレッシュ性状(モルタルフロー、スランプまたはスランプフロー等)に優れたジオポリマー組成物を養生させて得られ、乾燥収縮の少ない硬化体であることからコンクリート2次製品の代替品として利用することができる。このため、この実施形態のジオポリマー硬化体は、老朽クリーク法面保護への利用、建築用ブロック/レンガ、漁(藻)礁等水産構造物、重金属汚染土の安定化処理、老朽溜池堤防の改修、刃金土の改修・堤体内止水壁、軟弱地盤対策、箱型基礎工法への利用、軟弱粘土の固化処理に使用することができる。
第5実施形態に係るジオポリマー組成物の製造方法について説明する。この実施形態のジオポリマー組成物の製造方法は、高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)を含む粉体、あるいは更にフライアッシュ(FA)を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練するジオポリマー組成物の製造方法であることを特徴としている。
以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本願発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明の技術的範囲で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。
本発明のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法において、ジオポリマー組成物の原料として使用した材料を表1に示す。表1に示したように、以下の実施例おいて使用するジオポリマー組成物の材料としては、粉体、アルカリ溶液、細骨材、粗骨材、混和剤を使用した。なお、表1に、各材料の名称とともに、その記号ならびに諸物性を示した。粉体の物性については、密度(g/cm3)と比表面積(cm2/g)を、アルカリ溶液の物性については、密度(g/cm3)と質量パーセント濃度(%)、細骨材の物性については、表乾密度(g/cm3)と吸水率(%)、混和剤の物性については密度(g/cm3)と質量パーセント濃度(%)を示した。
比較例1は、混和剤であるグルコン酸を添加しないで材料の混錬を行い、比較例2は、グルコン酸に代えてグルコン酸ナトリウムを使用した以外は実施例1と同様にしてジオポリマー組成物を製造した。すなわち、実施例1、比較例1及び2では、混和剤の添加による流動性の改善効果を把握するため、無添加、グルコン酸およびグルコン酸ナトリウムを用いた。表2にジオポリマー組成物の材料、配合量、モルタルフロー値の測定結果を示す。
本発明のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法において、ジオポリマー組成物を構成する粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)の適正な配合率を検討するために、高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を変えて混錬を行った。具体的には、粗骨材を使用しない配合において、実施例2においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を100:0、実施例3においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を90:10、実施例4においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を80:20、実施例5においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を70:30、実施例6においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を60:40、実施例7においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を50:50、実施例8においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を40:60、実施例9においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を30:70、実施例10においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を20:80、実施例11においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を10:90に設定した。実施例12においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を100:0、実施例13においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を60:40、実施例14においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を40:60とした。
比較例3においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を上記実施例2~14の範囲に含まれない体積比に設定した。具体的には、比較例3においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を0:100に設定した。表3にジオポリマー組成物の材料、配合量、ジオポリマー組成物の凝結時間の測定結果を示す。凝結時間の測定は、JIS A1147に準拠して行った。なお、表3において、Sは細骨材であり、実施例2~14のジオポリマー組成物の本配合では、高炉スラグ細骨材を100%配合で用いた。
粗骨材を使用する配合において、実施例15においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を100:0、実施例16においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を90:10、実施例17においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を80:20、実施例18においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を70:30、実施例19においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を60:40、実施例20においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を50:50、実施例21においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を40:60、実施例22においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を30:70に設定した。実施例23においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を20:80、実施例24においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を10:90に設定した。実施例25においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を100:0に設定し、実施例26においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を60:40に設定し、実施例27においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を40:60に設定した。混錬後に得られたジオポリマー組成物の凝結時間を測定した。凝結時間の測定は、JIS A1147に準拠して行った。表4に粗骨材を使用した配合のジオポリマー組成物の材料、配合量、ジオポリマー組成物の凝結時間の測定結果を示す。
比較例4においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を上記実施例15~27の範囲に含まれない体積比に設定した。具体的には、比較例4においては、粉体に含まれる高炉スラグ微粉末(GGBF)とフライアッシュ(FA)との体積比を0:100に設定した。表4にジオポリマー組成物の材料、配合量、ジオポリマー組成物の凝結時間の測定結果を示す。
実施例28~31、比較例5~8では、粗骨材を使用しない配合で、細骨材中の高炉スラグ細骨材の配合比率を変化させてジオポリマー組成物を製造し、当該ジオポリマー組成物を養生させてジオポリマー硬化体を製造したときの乾燥収縮性能の差を調査するための配合試験を行った。実施例28~31においては、高炉スラグ細骨材と砕砂からなる細骨材中に配合された高炉スラグ細骨材の体積割合を50~100%とした。比較例5~8においては、高炉スラグ細骨材と砕砂からなる細骨材中に配合された高炉スラグ細骨材の体積割合を0~45%とした。ジオポリマー組成物の配合とジオポリマー組成物と養生後に製造されたジオポリマー硬化体から算出された乾燥収縮試験の結果を表5に示す。乾燥収縮試験はJIS A1129-3:2010規定されるモルタル及びコンクリートの長さ変化測定方法に準じた方法で実施した。
実施例32~35では、粗骨材を使用した場合で、細骨材中の高炉スラグ細骨材の配合比率を変化させてジオポリマー組成物を製造し、当該ジオポリマー組成物を養生させてジオポリマー硬化体を製造したときの乾燥収縮性能の差を調査するための配合試験を行った。実施例32~35においては、高炉スラグ細骨材と砕砂からなる細骨材中に配合された高炉スラグ細骨材の体積割合を50~100%とした。比較例9~12においては、高炉スラグ細骨材と砕砂からなる細骨材中に配合された高炉スラグ細骨材の体積割合を0~45%とした。ジオポリマー組成物の配合とジオポリマー組成物と養生後に製造されたジオポリマー硬化体から算出された乾燥収縮試験の結果を表6に示す。
Claims (6)
- 高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造する第1工程と、
前記第1工程において製造されたジオポリマー組成物を養生する第2工程を含むことを特徴とする、ジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。 - 前記粉体は、フライアッシュを、前記高炉スラグ微粉末と前記フライアッシュとの体積比で10:90~100:0の割合で含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。
- 前記骨材中の細骨材として、前記高炉スラグ細骨材を前記細骨材中に50体積%以上含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のジオポリマー硬化体の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー硬化体。
- 高炉スラグ細骨材を含む骨材と、高炉スラグ微粉末を含む粉体と、アルカリ金属溶液と、グルコン酸と、水とを混練してジオポリマー組成物を製造するジオポリマー組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項5に記載のジオポリマー組成物の製造方法によって製造されたジオポリマー組成物。
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Citations (4)
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US20140264140A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | The Catholic University Of America | High-strength geopolymer composite cellular concrete |
JP2016079046A (ja) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-05-16 | 東邦化学工業株式会社 | ジオポリマー用添加剤及びジオポリマー硬化体 |
JP2019163196A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | コンクリートのひび割れ補修又は断面修復用ジオポリマー |
JP2021066613A (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-30 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | ジオポリマー組成物 |
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US20140264140A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | The Catholic University Of America | High-strength geopolymer composite cellular concrete |
JP2016079046A (ja) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-05-16 | 東邦化学工業株式会社 | ジオポリマー用添加剤及びジオポリマー硬化体 |
JP2019163196A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | コンクリートのひび割れ補修又は断面修復用ジオポリマー |
JP2021066613A (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-30 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | ジオポリマー組成物 |
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