WO2022180658A1 - 電力増幅器 - Google Patents
電力増幅器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022180658A1 WO2022180658A1 PCT/JP2021/006738 JP2021006738W WO2022180658A1 WO 2022180658 A1 WO2022180658 A1 WO 2022180658A1 JP 2021006738 W JP2021006738 W JP 2021006738W WO 2022180658 A1 WO2022180658 A1 WO 2022180658A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/42—Modifications of amplifiers to extend the bandwidth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
- H03F3/245—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/602—Combinations of several amplifiers
- H03F3/604—Combinations of several amplifiers using FET's
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/68—Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/36—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier comprising means for increasing the bandwidth
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a power amplifier that amplifies power at high frequencies and is particularly excellent in broadband and linearity.
- Microwave power amplifiers for satellites and base stations in mobile communication systems are required to be compact, and to have high output and wideband characteristics.
- a microwave power amplifier that has good distortion characteristics and excellent linearity even when the bandwidth of a high-frequency signal that carries information is widened as the amount of information to be transmitted increases.
- a power amplifier generally employs internal matching in which a plurality of amplifying elements operating in parallel are matched inside a package from the viewpoint of heat dissipation and versatility.
- Patent Document 1 the other end of a ⁇ /4 line, one end of which is connected to the drain end of a transistor or the output end of an amplifier, is connected to a plurality of capacitors that are series-resonant at the inductance of the line and the difference frequency.
- a microwave power amplifier capable of preventing deterioration of distortion characteristics in the microwave power amplifier.
- the bias circuit disclosed in Patent Document 1 connects a plurality of capacitors 8 provided in parallel to a single ⁇ /4 wavelength line 7, the bias circuit disclosed in Patent Document 1 has The resonance frequency is single. For this reason, the bias circuit disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot set the impedance of the difference frequency to a sufficiently low value over a wide band of the order of 1 MHz to 100 MHz and obtain distortion characteristics.
- the output impedance of high-output amplifying elements that are generally used for mounting on satellites in mobile communication systems is lower than 50 ⁇ and falls into the capacitive region when parasitic capacitance is considered. Then, if the inductor forming the short stub has an electrical length of ⁇ /4 with respect to the operating frequency, the output impedance cannot be transformed on the real axis. Therefore, it has been difficult to realize an output matching circuit that provides good impedance matching over a wide band of operating frequencies.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above-described problems, for example, in a power amplifier that amplifies microwaves of several GHz or more, it is possible to obtain power in a wide band and with excellent linearity without increasing the package size.
- the object is to provide an amplifier.
- a power amplifier includes a plurality of amplifying elements, a tournament-type circuit having a plurality of transmission lines connected to the plurality of amplifying elements and having a plurality of tournament-type transmission lines, and a plurality of difference-frequency short circuits having series-connected inductors and capacitors. and a circuit, wherein the resonance frequency of the plurality of difference frequency short circuits decreases with increasing distance from the plurality of amplifying elements, and the one of the plurality of difference frequency short circuits closest to the amplifying element of the tournament type circuit.
- a difference frequency short circuit connected to a plurality of nodes has an inductive reactance that resonates at an impedance and an operating frequency looking into the amplifying element from the node to which the difference frequency short circuit is connected, and has a different resonance frequency. It is characterized by
- a power amplifier that amplifies microwaves it is possible to provide a power amplifier that has a wide band and excellent linearity without increasing the package size.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an impedance locus of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing VSWR on the output side of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the difference frequency impedance of the output circuit of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 shows evaluation results of distortion characteristics of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 shows evaluation results of distortion characteristics of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to a modification of Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an impedance locus of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing VSWR on the output side of the power amplifier according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the difference
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to another modification of Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a power amplifier according to a modification of Embodiment 2;
- Embodiment 1 A power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description may be omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of power amplifier 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the power amplifier 100 receives microwave power and operates as a microwave power amplifier that amplifies it.
- the operating frequency at which power amplifier 100 operates in Embodiment 1 is the 14 GHz band, it is not limited to this.
- the amplifying elements 1a to 1d are denoted by different symbols for distinction, they are the amplifying elements 1 having the same characteristics.
- the amplifying element 1 may be a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) formed on a gallium nitride substrate, a MESFET (Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) formed on a gallium arsenide substrate, or the like.
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
- MESFET Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- the amplifying elements 1a to 1d may be formed on the same chip or may be formed on separate chips. When it is desired to increase the output of the amplifying element 1, a multi-cell configuration in which the cell regions are arranged in parallel is preferable.
- the output impedance of the amplifying elements 1a to 1d is lower than 50 ⁇ and in the capacitive region.
- a series inductor 2a is connected to the output side of the amplifying element 1a.
- one end of the series inductor 2b is connected to the output side of the amplifying element 1b
- one end of the series inductor 2c is connected to the output side of the amplifying element 1c
- one end of the series inductor 2d is connected to the output side of the amplifying element 1d.
- the series inductors 2a to 2d are given different symbols for distinction, they are the series inductors 2 having the same characteristics. That is, series inductors 2 are connected to the output sides of a plurality of amplifying elements 1, respectively.
- the series inductor 2 can be a transmission line such as a microstrip line, a bonding wire, or the like.
- a parallel inductor 11 a and a capacitor 11 b constitute a difference frequency short circuit 11 .
- One end of the parallel inductor 11a is connected to a connection point (node) A1 between the series inductors 2a and 2b, the other end of the parallel inductor 11a is connected to one end of the capacitor 11b, and the other end of the capacitor 11b is grounded. That is, the difference frequency short circuit 11 is shunt-connected to the connection point A1.
- the inductance value of the parallel inductor 11a is L1.
- the parallel inductor 11a is set to have an inductance that resonates at the operating frequency with respect to the capacitive component of the impedance looking into the amplifying element 1 side from the connection point A1 of the series inductors 2a and 2b.
- the capacitor 11b has a capacitance value C1 that becomes series resonance with the parallel inductor 11a at the difference frequency ⁇ f1.
- a parallel inductor 12 a and a capacitor 12 b constitute a difference frequency short circuit 12 .
- One end of the parallel inductor 12a is connected to a connection point (node) A2 between the series inductors 2c and 2d, the other end of the parallel inductor 12a is connected to one end of the capacitor 12b, and the other end of the capacitor 12b is grounded. That is, the difference frequency short circuit 12 is shunt-connected to the connection point A2.
- the inductance value of the parallel inductor 12a is L1.
- the parallel inductor 12a is set to an inductance that resonates at the operating frequency with respect to the capacitive component of the impedance when looking into the amplifying element 1 side from the connection point A2 with the series inductors 2c and 2d.
- the capacitor 12b has a capacitance value C2 that causes series resonance with the parallel inductor 12a at the difference frequency ⁇ f2.
- a capacitor 11b is a capacitor for grounding the parallel inductor 11a at a high frequency (operating frequency), and a capacitor 12b is a capacitor for grounding the parallel inductor 12a at the operating frequency.
- Capacitors 11b and 12b can have a structure in which a dielectric layer having a high dielectric constant is sandwiched between upper and lower electrodes. Although the capacitance value C1 of the capacitance 11b and the capacitance value C2 of the capacitance 12b are different values, both have sufficiently large capacitance values that can be regarded as a short circuit at the operating frequency. Therefore, the difference frequency short circuit 11 seen from the connection point A1 and the difference frequency short circuit 12 seen from the connection point A2 exhibit substantially the same impedance.
- the series inductors 3a and 3b are the series inductors 3 having the same characteristics, although they are given different symbols for distinction.
- One end of the series inductor 3a is connected to the connection point A1.
- One end of the series inductor 3b is connected to the connection point A2.
- the other end of the series inductor 3a and the other end of the series inductor 3a are connected at a connection point (node) B1.
- the series inductor 4 has one end connected to the connection point B ⁇ b>1 and the other end connected to the package terminal 9 of the package 10 , and is connected to the outside of the package 10 via the package terminal 9 .
- the series inductor 4 is a transmission line having an electrical length of about ⁇ /4 at the center frequency of the operating frequency band, which transforms the impedance looking into the amplifying element 1 side from the connection point B1 to 50 ⁇ .
- the series inductors 3 and 4 are transmission lines such as microstrip lines.
- the series inductors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 4 are arranged in a tournament style. These transmission lines form a tournament circuit connected to a plurality of amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d.
- the tournament-type circuit of the first embodiment is a tournament-type synthesis circuit that synthesizes amplified signals from a plurality of amplification elements. In the tournament-type synthesis circuit, signal synthesis is repeated in which powers from two transistors are first synthesized in the first stage, and then the synthesized power is further synthesized in the second stage.
- the series inductor 4 arranged in the package 10 constitutes an output matching circuit together with the series inductor 2, the difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12, and the series inductor 3.
- the series inductor 5 is connected to the package terminal 9 and the terminal P1 of the power amplifier 100 .
- Terminal P1 functions as an output terminal of power amplifier 100 .
- the difference frequency short circuit 21 includes a parallel inductor 21a with one end connected to the package terminal 9 and a capacitor 21b connected to the other end of the parallel inductor 21a. The other end of the capacitor 21b is grounded.
- the parallel inductor 21a is a transmission line having an electrical length of ⁇ /4 in the operating frequency band and is composed of a microstrip line.
- the inductance of the parallel inductor 21a is L2.
- Capacitor 21b has a capacitance value C3 and grounds parallel inductor 21a in the operating frequency band.
- the capacitor 21b and the parallel inductor 21a undergo series resonance at the difference frequency ⁇ f3.
- the difference frequency short circuit 21 operates as a bias circuit, ie the difference frequency short circuit 21 is also a DC bias voltage supply means.
- a voltage application terminal P2 is provided between the parallel inductor 21a and the capacitor 21b, and a DC bias source for applying a drain voltage to the amplifying element 1 is connected to the voltage application terminal P2.
- a DC bias source supplies a predetermined DC bias voltage to the DC bias voltage supply means. Since the parallel inductor 21a is a transmission line with a length of about ⁇ /4 at the center frequency of the operating frequency band, the impedance of the difference frequency short circuit 21 from the package terminal 9 in the operating frequency band is high impedance as in the prior art. becomes.
- the substrate 8 is a microwave integrated circuit (MIC), indicated by dotted lines in FIG.
- a transmission line connected between the amplifier element 1 and the package terminal 9 and a parallel inductor in the same area can be patterned on the substrate 8 using metal wiring.
- the substrate 8, the amplifying element 1, and the capacitors 11b and 12b are mounted on the package 10 using a bonding material such as solder.
- Power amplifier 100 comprises three difference frequency short circuits 11 , 12 and 21 .
- L1 ⁇ C1 1/(2 ⁇ f1) 2
- L1 ⁇ C2 1/(2 ⁇ f2) 2
- L2 ⁇ C3 1/(2 ⁇ f3) 2
- ⁇ f 1 is the resonance frequency of the difference frequency short circuit 11
- ⁇ f 2 is the resonance frequency of the difference frequency short circuit 12
- ⁇ f 3 is the resonance frequency of the difference frequency short circuit 21 .
- the inductance forming the difference frequency short circuit is L1 a transmission line having an electrical length of less than ⁇ /4 at the operating frequency, and L2 a transmission line having an electrical length of ⁇ /4 at the operating frequency.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the impedance locus of power amplifier 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a Smith diagram illustrating the impedance transformation of the load on the output side of power amplifier 100, normalized to 50 ⁇ .
- Z1 is the impedance looking into the amplifying element 1 side from the connection point A1 when the difference frequency short circuit 11 is not connected to the connection point A1, and the impedance from the connection point A2 when the difference frequency short circuit 12 is not connected to the connection point A2. This shows the impedance looking into the element 1 side.
- the impedance on the output side of amplifying element 1 has a low resistance component of, for example, 3 ⁇ and an output capacitance in parallel with the resistance component.
- the impedance on the output side of the amplifying element 1 is converted by the series inductor 2, and the electrical length thereof is the impedance and the difference frequency short circuit looking into the amplifying element 1 side from the connection point A1 when the difference frequency short circuit 11 is not connected. 12 is not connected, the impedance looking from the connection point A2 to the amplifying element 1 side is set to a length that does not reach the real axis and remains capacitive.
- Z2 is the impedance when the difference frequency short circuit 11 is connected to the connection point A1 and the amplifier element 1 side is viewed from the connection point A1, and the connection point A2 is the impedance when the difference frequency short circuit 12 is connected to the connection point A2. shows the impedance looking into the amplifying element 1 side from .
- Z2 is the impedance in which Z1 and the difference frequency short circuit 11 are connected in parallel, or the impedance in which Z1 and the difference frequency short circuit 12 are connected in parallel.
- Series inductor 2 and parallel inductors 11a and 12a are set so that difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 contribute to impedance matching as part of a matching circuit.
- the electrical length of the parallel inductor 11a is set to be shorter than ⁇ /4 at the operating frequency so that the impedance looking into the difference frequency short circuit 11 from the connection point A1 exhibits inductive reactance.
- the series inductors 2a and 2b are set so that the impedance seen from the connection point A1 to the amplifying elements 1a and 1b becomes a capacitive reactance that resonates with the reactance at the operating frequency.
- the electrical length of the parallel inductor 12a is set shorter than ⁇ /4 at the operating frequency so that the impedance looking into the difference frequency short circuit 12 from the connection point A2 exhibits inductive reactance.
- the series inductors 2c and 2d are set so that the impedance looking into the amplifying elements 1c and 1d from the connection point A2 becomes a capacitive reactance that resonates with the reactance at the operating frequency.
- Z2 is located on the real axis.
- the electrical length of the parallel inductors 11a and 12a is set shorter than ⁇ /4 at the operating frequency, which is shorter than that of conventional microwave amplifiers.
- Z3 indicates the impedance when looking from the package terminal 9 to the amplifying element 1 side. This is Z2 after impedance transformation by the series inductor 4 .
- the characteristic impedance of series inductor 4 was set to 25 ⁇ , and the electrical length of series inductor 4 was set to ⁇ /4 at the center frequency.
- Series inductor 4 acts as a 90 degree inverter and matches the output impedance of power amplifier 100 to 50 ⁇ at package terminal 9 .
- the difference frequency short circuit 21 having a resonance frequency so small that the reflection phase can be ignored is arranged outside the package 10
- the difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 having a resonance frequency with a reflection phase not negligible are arranged in the package 10. be placed inside the
- the resonance frequency at which the reflection phase is negligible is on the order of 1 MHz
- the resonance frequency at which the reflection phase is not negligible is on the order of 10 to 100 MHz.
- a difference frequency short circuit having a resonance frequency equal to or greater than a predetermined specific resonance frequency is mounted on the package 10
- a difference frequency short circuit having a resonance frequency lower than the specific resonance frequency is mounted on the package 10.
- a specific resonance frequency is for example 10 MHz.
- the difference frequency short circuit is arranged so that the resonance frequency thereof decreases as the distance from the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d increases.
- the difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 having the highest resonance frequency among the plurality of difference frequency short circuits are arranged closest to the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d.
- a large difference frequency short circuit 21 is arranged at a location farther from the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d than the difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 are.
- Two difference frequency short circuits are arranged closest to the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d so that the impedance of the output circuit viewed from all the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d is uniform. are arranged after the connection point of the two transmission lines connected to the amplifying element. Note that the uniform impedance includes not only the case where the impedance is completely uniform but also the case where the impedance is substantially the same.
- power amplifier 100 according to Embodiment 1 includes a tournament-type combining circuit that combines amplified signals from a plurality of amplifying elements.
- the nodes of the stages closest to the amplifier elements of the tournament synthesis circuit are juncture A1 and juncture A2.
- the difference frequency short circuit 11 connected to the connection point A1 and the difference frequency short circuit 12 connected to the connection point A2 have substantially the same impedance at the operating frequency. Therefore, the impedance of the output circuit seen from all the amplifying elements becomes uniform at the operating frequency, so that there is an effect that the amplifying elements become uniform. Further, the difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 have different resonance frequencies. Therefore, even without enlarging the package size, the impedance of the matching circuit viewed from the output side of the amplifying element 1 can be realized to be low in a wide frequency range of the difference frequency, as will be described later.
- the parallel inductor 11a forming the difference frequency short circuit 11 and the parallel inductor 12a forming the difference frequency short circuit 12 have an electrical length at the operating frequency so that the difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 contribute to impedance matching of the power amplifier 100. is set to less than ⁇ /4. In other words, since a circuit that contributes to impedance matching can be arranged at a position close to the amplifying element, the operating frequency band can be widened. Since the difference frequency short-circuits 11 and 12 serve both to widen the operating frequency band and to reduce the impedance at the difference frequency of the tournament-type synthesis circuit, an increase in package size can be suppressed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing VSWR on the output side of the power amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3 indicates frequency, and the vertical axis indicates VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).
- a solid line indicates VSWR for the package terminal 9 of the power amplifier 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a comparative example in which the electrical length of the parallel inductor 11a of the difference frequency short circuit 11 and the parallel inductor 12a of the difference frequency short circuit 12 is ⁇ /4, and the VSWR in the conventional circuit configuration is indicated by a dashed line. showing.
- the power amplifier 100 according to the first embodiment and the comparative example are designed by optimizing the circuits with the center frequency set to 13.75 GHz.
- the maximum value of VSWR is 1.5 or more, resulting in a large mismatch.
- the maximum value of VSWR is 1.3. In other words, good impedance matching can be achieved over a wide band compared to the comparative example.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing differential frequency impedance of the output circuit of the power amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 4 shows logarithmically the impedance of the package terminal 9 from the output side of the amplifying element 1, and the horizontal axis shows logarithmically the frequency from 1 MHz to 1 GHz.
- resonance points are created at 5 MHz, 30 MHz and 400 MHz, and the impedance near the three resonance points is reduced to 1 ⁇ or less. .
- the difference frequency short circuit 11 creates a resonance point of 400 MHz ( ⁇ f1)
- the difference frequency short circuit 12 creates a resonance point of 30 MHz ( ⁇ f2)
- the difference frequency short circuit 21 creates a resonance point of 5 MHz ( ⁇ f3).
- FIG. 5 shows evaluation results of distortion characteristics of power amplifier 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows evaluation results of third-order modulation distortion (IM3) when two signals having frequencies f1 and f2 and having the same power value are input to power amplifier 100 according to the first embodiment.
- IM3 is the power ratio between the frequency (2 ⁇ f1 ⁇ f2) and f1 or f2.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 indicates the output power of the power amplifier 100, and the vertical axis indicates the third-order modulation distortion (IM3).
- squares ( ⁇ ) indicate IM3 when f1 is 13.75 GHz, f2 is 13.755 GHz, and two waves are separated by 5 MHz.
- a circle ( ⁇ ) indicates IM3 when f1 is 13.75 GHz, f2 is 13.95 GHz, and the two waves are separated by 200 MHz.
- a triangle ( ⁇ ) indicates IM3 when f1 is 13.75 GHz, f2 is 14.15 GHz, and the two waves are separated by 400 MHz.
- the power amplifier 100 by appropriately setting the capacitances of the difference frequency short circuits 11, 12, and 21, intermodulation distortion can be minimized even when the interval between carrier frequencies is large. Deterioration can be prevented. As a result, IM3 is suppressed to -25 dBc or less in the range where the output power is 44 dBm or less and the detuning frequency is 400 MHz or less.
- FIG. 6 shows evaluation results of distortion characteristics of power amplifier 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 6 indicates the detuning frequency (offset frequency).
- the vertical axis in FIG. 6 indicates the third-order modulation distortion (IM3) when the output power of the power amplifier 100 and the comparative example is 42 dBm.
- black circles ( ⁇ ) indicate the evaluation results of the power amplifier 100
- white circles ( ⁇ ) indicate the evaluation results of the power amplifier according to the comparative example.
- Two waves are input to the power amplifier 100 and the power amplifier according to the comparative example, with f1 set to a constant 13.75 GHz and f2 having a frequency higher than f1 by the detuning frequency.
- Capacitances 11b and 12b of the difference frequency short circuit are the same in the power amplifier 100 and the power amplifier according to the comparative example, respectively, and other circuit elements are adjusted to be optimum. Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the detuning frequency at which IM3 is -25 dBc or less is 50 MHz in the comparative example, but is expanded to 400 MHz in the power amplifier 100. FIG.
- the capacitive component of the impedance seen from the connection points A1 and A2 between the series inductors 2 connected in series to the amplifying element 1 and the capacitance component of the impedance seen from the connection point A1 The difference frequency short circuit 11 and the inductance component of the difference frequency short circuit 12 connected in parallel to the connection point A2 are made to resonate. Therefore, not only can good impedance matching be achieved in a wide band, but also the impedance of the output circuit viewed from the amplifying element 1 can be reduced from ⁇ f1 to ⁇ f3. can be continuously suppressed at As a result, it is possible to reduce the size of the circuit and prevent deterioration of the distortion characteristics from the minimum detuning frequency to the maximum detuning frequency when the desired detuning frequency is widened.
- the output impedance of power amplifier 100 is changed to 50 ⁇ at package terminal 9 by series inductor 4, but a transmission line having a different characteristic impedance is connected in series with series inductor 4. It may be connected and the impedance may be transformed to 50 ⁇ by so-called two-stage impedance transformation.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of power amplifier 110 according to a modification.
- the power amplifier 110 has a complementary difference frequency short circuit 13 .
- Others are the same as the power amplifier 100 .
- the supplementary difference frequency short circuit 13 is a series LC circuit having a parallel inductor 13a and a capacitor 13b and shunt-connected to the connection point B1, which is the node of the series inductor 4.
- FIG. The parallel inductor 13a has an electrical length of ⁇ /4 at the operating frequency.
- the resonance frequency ⁇ f4 of the complementary difference frequency short circuit 13 has a relationship of ⁇ f1> ⁇ f2> ⁇ f4> ⁇ f3.
- Difference frequency short circuits 11 and 12 with a large resonance frequency are connected to the connection points A1 or A2 in the stages closest to the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, and then a complementary difference frequency short circuit 13 with a large resonance frequency is connected next.
- a difference frequency short circuit 21 having the highest resonance frequency is connected furthest from the amplification element.
- the power amplifier 110 can make the impedance of the matching circuit seen from the output side of the amplifying element 1 flatter and lower, so that it is easier to achieve low distortion.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of power amplifier 120 according to another modification.
- the power amplifier 120 includes a difference frequency short circuit 31 a in place of the difference frequency short circuit 11 and a difference frequency short circuit 32 a in place of the difference frequency short circuit 12 . Others are the same as the power amplifier 100 .
- the difference frequency short circuit 31a differs from the difference frequency short circuit 11 in that it has a supplementary capacitor 11c in parallel with the capacitor 11b.
- the difference frequency short circuit 32a differs from the difference frequency short circuit 12 in that it has a supplementary capacitor 12c in parallel with the capacitor 12b.
- Supplementary capacitors 11c and 12c have a short-circuit capacity at the operating frequency.
- the capacitance 11b of the difference frequency short circuit 11 and the capacitance 12b of the difference frequency short circuit 12 of the power amplifier 100 are heated by the microwave power flowing through the capacitance during operation, and the temperature of the capacitance rises.
- a rise in temperature may affect capacitance, such as a decrease in capacitance, an increase in equivalent series resistance in a high frequency region, or a decrease in insulation resistance.
- the capacitance may change significantly.
- the power amplifier 120 further includes supplementary capacitors 11c and 12c that short-circuit the difference frequency short circuits 31a and 32a at the operating frequency. Since the microwave current at the operating frequency that flows per capacitor is reduced, the temperature rise of the capacitor can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress characteristic fluctuations of the power amplifier 120 due to changes in the capacitance of the capacitors.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of power amplifier 130 according to the second embodiment.
- Power amplifier 130 applies the technical features described in the first embodiment to the input sides of amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d.
- the power amplifier of the second embodiment is obtained by inverting the input/output of the configuration described in the first embodiment with respect to the amplifying element 1 .
- the tournament type circuit of Embodiment 2 is a tournament type distribution circuit that has series inductors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, and 4 and distributes an input signal to a plurality of amplification elements.
- the tournament type synthesis circuit described in the first embodiment can be connected to the output sides of the amplifying elements 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d.
- the terminal P1 in the second embodiment functions as an input terminal. According to the configuration of the second embodiment, various technical features described in the first embodiment can be realized by the circuit on the input side of the amplifying element 1.
- the difference frequency short-circuit described in the first embodiment is provided on the input side of the transistor, it not only realizes good impedance matching in a wide band, Therefore, the impedance of the input circuit can be reduced from .DELTA.f1 to .DELTA.f3. Therefore, the distortion component generated at the detuning frequency can be continuously suppressed in the frequency band ranging from ⁇ f1 to ⁇ f3. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size of the circuit and to prevent deterioration of the distortion characteristics from the minimum detuning frequency to the maximum detuning frequency when the desired detuning frequency is widened.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of power amplifier 140 according to a modification of the second embodiment.
- the power amplifier 140 includes a difference frequency short circuit 31 b in place of the difference frequency short circuit 11 and a difference frequency short circuit 32 b in place of the difference frequency short circuit 12 .
- the difference frequency short circuit 31b differs from the difference frequency short circuit 11 in that it includes a resistor R1 connected in series with the parallel inductor 11a and the capacitor 11b.
- the difference frequency short circuit 32b differs from the difference frequency short circuit 12 in that it includes a resistor R2 connected in series with the parallel inductor 12a and the capacitor 12b.
- the power amplifier 140 has the same effect as the power amplifier 130, and also has the effect of suppressing unnecessary oscillation. Others are the same as the power amplifier 130 .
- the resistance values of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 may be the same or different.
- the resistor R1 is connected between the parallel inductor 11a and the capacitor 11b.
- the resistor R2 is connected between the parallel inductor 12a and the capacitor 12b.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described examples, and includes various modifications.
- the above embodiments have been described in detail to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the described configurations.
- it is possible to replace part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
なぜならば特許文献1に示されたバイアス回路は、並列に設けられた複数のキャパシタ8を単一のλ/4波長線路7に接続しているので、特許文献1に示されたバイアス回路がもつ共振周波数は単一である。このため特許文献1に開示されたバイアス回路では、1MHzオーダから100MHzオーダの広帯域にわたって差周波のインピーダンスを十分低い値に設定し、歪特性を得る事が出来ないからである。
本開示の実施の形態に係る電力増幅器について図面を参照して説明する。同じ又は対応する構成要素には同じ符号を付し、説明の繰り返しを省略する場合がある
増幅素子1aから1dは区別の為に異なる符号を付しているが同一の特性を有する増幅素子1である。増幅素子1は、窒化ガリウム基板に形成されたHEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistor)やヒ化ガリウム基板に形成されたMESFET(Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)などとすることができる。増幅素子1aから1dは同一チップ上に形成されても良く、別々のチップ上に形成されても良い。増幅素子1を高出力としたい場合、セル領域が並列配置されたマルチセル構成とするとよい。
増幅素子1aから1dの出力インピーダンスは、50Ωより低く、かつ容量性の領域にある。
直列インダクタ2aから2dは区別の為に異なる符号を付しているが同一の特性を有する直列インダクタ2である。つまり複数の増幅素子1の出力側にはそれぞれ直列インダクタ2が接続されている。直列インダクタ2は、マイクロストリップ線路等の伝送線路やボンディングワイヤなどとすることができる。
並列インダクタ11aは、直列インダクタ2a及び2bの接続点A1から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンスの容量性成分に対して、動作周波数で共振するインダクタンスに設定されている。容量11bは、並列インダクタ11aと差周波Δf1で直列共振となる容量値C1を有する。
並列インダクタ12aは、直列インダクタ2c及び2dとの接続点A2から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンスの容量性成分に対して、動作周波数で共振するインダクタンスに設定されている。容量12bは、並列インダクタ12aと差周波Δf2で直列共振となる容量値C2を有する。
容量11bの容量値C1及び容量12bの容量値C2は異なる値であるが、共に動作周波数において実質的に短絡と見なせるだけの十分に大きな容量値を有する。従って、接続点A1から見込んだ差周波短絡回路11、及び接続点A2から見込んだ差周波短絡回路12は実質的に同一と見なせるインピーダンスを示す。
直列インダクタ4は、一端が接続点B1に接続され他端がパッケージ10のパッケージ端子9に接続され、パッケージ端子9を介してパッケージ10の外部と接続されている。直列インダクタ4は、接続点B1から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンスを50Ωへ変成する、動作周波数帯の中心周波数においてλ/4程度の電気長を有する伝送線路である。直列インダクタ3,4はマイクロストリップ線路等の伝送線路である。
パッケージ10内に配置された、直列インダクタ4は直列インダクタ2、差周波短絡回路11及び12、直列インダクタ3と共に出力整合回路を構成する。
差周波短絡回路21はバイアス回路として動作し、すなわち差周波短絡回路21は直流バイアス電圧供給手段でもある。並列インダクタ21aと容量21bの間は電圧印加端子P2であり、電圧印加端子P2には増幅素子1にドレイン電圧を印加する直流バイアス源が接続される。直流バイアス源は直流バイアス電圧供給手段に所定の直流バイアス電圧を供給する。
並列インダクタ21aが動作周波数帯の中心周波数においてλ/4程度の長さの伝送線路であるので、従来技術と同様に動作周波数帯におけるパッケージ端子9から差周波短絡回路21を見込んだインピーダンスは高インピーダンスとなる。
L1×C1=1/(2πΔf1)2
L1×C2=1/(2πΔf2)2
L2×C3=1/(2πΔf3)2
ここで、Δf1は差周波短絡回路11の共振周波数、Δf2は差周波短絡回路12の共振周波数、Δf3は差周波短絡回路21の共振周波数である。
Δf1、Δf2、Δf3の大小関係は、Δf1>Δf2>Δf3であるとする。容量値C1、C2,C3の大小関係は、C1<C2<C3であるとする。
実施の形態1において差周波短絡回路を構成するインダクタンスは、L1は動作周波数において電気長がλ/4未満の伝送線路、L2は動作周波数において電気長がλ/4である伝送線路である。
Z1は、差周波短絡回路11が接続点A1に接続されない状態で接続点A1から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンス、及び差周波短絡回路12が接続点A2に接続されない状態で接続点A2から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンスを示す。増幅素子1の出力側のインピーダンスは、たとえば3Ωといった低い抵抗成分と、抵抗成分に並列となる出力容量をもつ。増幅素子1の出力側のインピーダンスは直列インダクタ2により変換されるが、その電気長は、差周波短絡回路11が接続されない状態で接続点A1から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンス及び差周波短絡回路12が接続されない状態で接続点A2から増幅素子1側を見込んだインピーダンスが、実軸上に達さずに容量性に留まる長さに設定されている。
具体的には、接続点A1から差周波短絡回路11を見込んだインピーダンスが誘導性のリアクタンスを示すよう、並列インダクタ11aの電気長は動作周波数においてλ/4より短く設定されている。接続点A1から増幅素子1a及び1bを見込んだインピーダンスは動作周波数において該リアクタンスと共振する容量性リアクタンスとなるよう直列インダクタ2a及び2bは設定されている。
また、接続点A2から差周波短絡回路12を見込んだインピーダンスが誘導性のリアクタンスを示すよう、並列インダクタ12aの電気長は動作周波数においてλ/4より短く設定されている。接続点A2から増幅素子1c及び1dを見込んだインピーダンスは動作周波数において該リアクタンスと共振する容量性リアクタンスとなるよう直列インダクタ2c及び2dは設定されている。
この結果、Z2は実軸上に位置する。なお、並列インダクタ11a及び12aの電気長は、動作周波数においてλ/4より短く設定されているが、これは従来のマイクロ波増幅器と比較して短い。
電力増幅器100において、直列インダクタ4の特性インピーダンスは25Ωとし、直列インダクタ4の電気長は中心周波数においてλ/4に設定した。直列インダクタ4は90度インバーターとして動作し、電力増幅器100の出力インピーダンスをパッケージ端子9において50Ωに整合させている。
実施の形態1では、反射位相が無視できる程度に共振周波数が小さい差周波短絡回路21をパッケージ10の外部に配置し、反射位相が無視できない共振周波数を有する差周波短絡回路11、12をパッケージ10の内部に配置する。例えば反射位相が無視できる程度の共振周波数とは1MHzオーダの周波数であり、例えば反射位相が無視できない共振周波数とは10~100MHzオーダの周波数である。
つまり、実施の形態1に係る電力増幅器100は、複数の増幅素子の増幅信号を合成するトーナメント型合成回路を備える。トーナメント型合成回路の増幅素子に最も近い段のノードは接続点A1及び接続点A2である。
また、差周波短絡回路11及び12は、共振周波数が異なる。よって、パッケージサイズの拡大をせずとも、後述するように増幅素子1の出力側から見込んだ整合回路のインピーダンスを広い差周波の周波数の範囲で低いインピーダンスを実現できる
つまり増幅素子に近い位置にインピーダンス整合に寄与する回路を配置できるので、動作周波数の帯域を広くできる効果を奏する。差周波短絡回路11及び12が動作周波数の広帯域化と、トーナメント型合成回路の差周波における低インピーダンス化の両方の役割を担うので、パッケージサイズの拡大を押さえる事が出来る。
なお図3において、実施の形態1に係る電力増幅器100及び比較例は、中心周波数を13.75GHzとしてそれぞれ回路を最適化して設計されている。
実施の形態1では差周波短絡回路11、12及び21のキャパシタンスを適切に設定することで、5MHz、30MHz、400MHzに共振点を作り、3つの共振点近傍のインピーダンスを1Ω以下に低減させている。
具体的には差周波短絡回路11が400MHz(Δf1)の共振点を、差周波短絡回路12が30MHz(Δf2)の共振点を、差周波短絡回路21が5MHz(Δf3)の共振点を作り出している。この結果、3つの共振点近傍を含め1GHz以下の広い周波数の範囲で、1Ω以下の低いインピーダンスが実現できている。
図5において、四角(□)はf1が13.75GHz、f2が13.755GHzであり、2波が5MHz離れた場合のIM3を示す。丸(○)は、f1が13.75GHz、f2が13.95GHzであり2波が200MHz離れた場合のIM3を示す。三角(△)は、f1が13.75GHz、f2が14.15GHzであり、2波が400MHz離れた場合のIM3を示す。
電力増幅器100及び比較例に係る電力増幅器には、f1を13.75GHz一定とし、f2はf1より離調周波数だけ高い周波数とした2波が入力されている。差周波短絡回路の容量11bと12bは、それぞれ電力増幅器100及び比較例に係る電力増幅器において同じ容量値とし、他の回路素子はそれぞれ最適となるように調整されている。
図6を参照すると、IM3が-25dBc以下となる離調周波数は、比較例では50MHzなのに対し、電力増幅器100では400MHzまで拡大していることが分かる。
よって、広帯域に良好なインピーダンス整合を実現するだけでなく、増幅素子1から見た出力回路のインピーダンスをΔf1からΔf3にわたり低減できるため、離調周波数に発生する歪成分をΔf1からΔf3に跨る周波数帯域において連続的に抑圧できる。
この結果、回路の小型化と、所望の離調周波数が拡がった場合において最小離調周波数から最大離調周波数にわたって歪特性の劣化防止が可能となる。
図7は、変形例に係る電力増幅器110の回路図である。電力増幅器110は、補足用差周波短絡回路13を備えている。その他は電力増幅器100と同じである。補足用差周波短絡回路13は、並列インダクタ13aと容量13bを有し、直列インダクタ4のノードである接続点B1にシャント接続された直列LC回路である。並列インダクタ13aは動作周波数においてλ/4となる電気長を有している。
電力増幅器110は電力増幅器100と比較して、増幅素子1の出力側から見込んだ整合回路のインピーダンスを、より平坦に低いインピーダンスとすることが出来るので、より低歪み化を実現しやすくなる。
差周波短絡回路31aは、容量11bと並列に補足用容量11cを備えた点で差周波短絡回路11と異なる。差周波短絡回路32aは、容量12bと並列に補足用容量12cを備えた点で差周波短絡回路12と異なる。補足用容量11c及び12cは動作周波数で短絡となる容量を有している。
温度上昇は容量に対して、静電容量が小さくなる、高周波領域で等価直列抵抗が大きくなる、あるいは絶縁抵抗が低くなるといった影響を及ぼす可能性がある。特に比誘電率が温度依存性を持つ誘電体磁器を使用した容量の場合に、静電容量が大幅に変化する可能性がある。
図9は、実施の形態2に係る電力増幅器130の回路図である。電力増幅器130は、実施の形態1で説明した技術的特徴を増幅素子1a、1b、1c、1dの入力側に適用したものである。実施の形態1で説明した構成を、増幅素子1に対して入出力反転させることで実施の形態2の電力増幅器が得られる。
電力増幅器140は差周波短絡回路11に替えて差周波短絡回路31bを備え、差周波短絡回路12に替えて差周波短絡回路32bを備える。差周波短絡回路31bは差周波短絡回路11と比較して、並列インダクタ11a及び容量11bに直列に接続された抵抗体R1を備えた点で異なる。差周波短絡回路32bは差周波短絡回路12と比較して、並列インダクタ12a及び容量12bに直列に接続された抵抗体R2を備えた点で異なる。
その他は電力増幅器130と同じである。
また、ある実施例の構成の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。
Claims (9)
- 複数の増幅素子と、
前記複数の増幅素子に接続されトーナメント型に複数の伝送線路を有するトーナメント型回路と、
直列接続されたインダクタと容量を有する複数の差周波短絡回路と
を備え、
前記複数の差周波短絡回路の共振周波数は前記複数の増幅素子から離れるほど小さく、
前記複数の差周波短絡回路のうちで前記トーナメント型回路の前記増幅素子に最も近い段の複数のノードに接続された差周波短絡回路は、該差周波短絡回路が接続された該ノードから前記増幅素子を見込んだインピーダンスと動作周波数において共振する誘導性リアクタンスを有するとともにそれぞれ異なる共振周波数を有する
ことを特徴とする電力増幅器。 - 前記複数の増幅素子を搭載したパッケージを備え、予め定められた特定共振周波数と等しいか前記特定共振周波数より大きい共振周波数の前記差周波短絡回路を前記パッケージに搭載し、前記特定共振周波数より小さい共振周波数の前記差周波短絡回路を前記パッケージの外に設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力増幅器。
- 前記特定共振周波数は10MHzであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電力増幅器。
- 前記トーナメント型回路は、前記複数の増幅素子の増幅信号を合成するトーナメント型合成回路であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電力増幅器。
- 前記トーナメント型回路は、前記複数の増幅素子へ入力信号を分配するトーナメント型分配回路であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電力増幅器。
- 前記複数の増幅素子の出力端子に接続される線路に所定の直流バイアス電圧を供給する直流バイアス電圧供給手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項3記載の電力増幅器。
- 前記直流バイアス電圧供給手段は、前記動作周波数においてλ/4の電気長を有するマイクロストリップ線路と、前記マイクロストリップ線路を接地する容量と、を備え、前記マイクロストリップ線路と前記マイクロストリップ線路を接地する容量との間に直流バイアス源が接続されること
を特徴とする請求項6記載の電力増幅器。 - 前記差周波短絡回路は、前記インダクタ及び容量に直列接続された抵抗体を備えたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電力増幅器。
- 前記複数の差周波短絡回路の共振周波数は、前記複数の増幅素子で増幅される高周波信号の高域端と低域端の差分周波数として取り得る最小値から最大値の間に存在することを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の電力増幅器。
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WO2022180658A1 true WO2022180658A1 (ja) | 2022-09-01 |
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PCT/JP2021/006738 WO2022180658A1 (ja) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | 電力増幅器 |
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US (1) | US20240014784A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2022180658A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN116783819A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022180658A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002536861A (ja) * | 1999-01-27 | 2002-10-29 | キネティック リミテッド | マイクロ波増幅器 |
JP2008263438A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Toshiba Corp | F級増幅回路 |
JP2008263439A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Toshiba Corp | F級増幅回路 |
WO2014087479A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 高周波電力増幅器 |
WO2020202532A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力増幅器 |
-
2021
- 2021-02-24 US US18/247,867 patent/US20240014784A1/en active Pending
- 2021-02-24 CN CN202180078155.5A patent/CN116783819A/zh active Pending
- 2021-02-24 WO PCT/JP2021/006738 patent/WO2022180658A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-02-24 JP JP2023501694A patent/JPWO2022180658A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002536861A (ja) * | 1999-01-27 | 2002-10-29 | キネティック リミテッド | マイクロ波増幅器 |
JP2008263438A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Toshiba Corp | F級増幅回路 |
JP2008263439A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Toshiba Corp | F級増幅回路 |
WO2014087479A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 高周波電力増幅器 |
WO2020202532A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力増幅器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20240014784A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
JPWO2022180658A1 (ja) | 2022-09-01 |
CN116783819A (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
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