WO2021100176A1 - ドハティ増幅器 - Google Patents
ドハティ増幅器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021100176A1 WO2021100176A1 PCT/JP2019/045643 JP2019045643W WO2021100176A1 WO 2021100176 A1 WO2021100176 A1 WO 2021100176A1 JP 2019045643 W JP2019045643 W JP 2019045643W WO 2021100176 A1 WO2021100176 A1 WO 2021100176A1
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- capacitance
- doherty amplifier
- transmission line
- bonding wire
- drain pad
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- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0288—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers using a main and one or several auxiliary peaking amplifiers whereby the load is connected to the main amplifier using an impedance inverter, e.g. Doherty amplifiers
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Doherty amplifier.
- the main amplifier biased to class AB or class B and the peak amplifier biased to class C are combined in parallel using the ⁇ / 4 line.
- the ⁇ / 4 line is located at the output of one amplifier and also at the input of the other amplifier.
- the two amplifiers operate in the same manner and are combined in phase, so that they exhibit the same characteristics as the two-combined amplifier and realize a large saturation power.
- the ⁇ / 4 line connected to the output side of the main amplifier functions as an impedance inverter, so that high efficiency can be obtained due to high load impedance. Therefore, the Doherty amplifier can achieve high efficiency over a wide output power range.
- the Doherty amplifier has a problem that it is difficult to widen the band due to the frequency characteristics of the matching circuit from the transistors of the main amplifier and the peak amplifier to the synthesis point.
- a Doherty amplifier that equivalently configures a 90-degree delay circuit by using a parasitic capacitance Cds between the source terminal and drain terminal of the transistor and a line whose electrical length is shorter than the 90-degree delay line is proposed. Has been done. This circuit does not require a matching circuit from the transistor to the synthesis point, which was conventionally required, and can widen the bandwidth.
- a bonding wire is used as a part of the 90-degree delay circuit, only the transistor is formed on the expensive transistor chip, and the other circuits are formed on an inexpensive substrate such as a resin substrate, and they are connected by the bonding wire.
- Doherty amplifiers have also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). As a result, the cost can be reduced.
- the first is when the synthesis point is at the pad end of the peak amplifier.
- the bonding wire toward the main amplifier side and the two bonding wires toward the output terminal side are connected to the pad of the peak amplifier. Since the pad size is finite, the load impedance becomes non-uniform depending on the position of the transistor constituting the peak amplifier, and the transistor unbalanced operation occurs. Unbalanced operation causes output power, gain, reduced efficiency, and oscillation.
- the two bonding wires described above are close to each other in terms of layout, there is a problem that mutual inductance is generated and a frequency shift of the load impedance is generated.
- the second is the case where the synthesis point is the end of the wire pad on the resin substrate.
- the frequency shift of the load impedance occurs due to the inductance component of the bonding wire.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a Doherty amplifier capable of realizing highly efficient and wide band characteristics.
- the Doherty amplifier according to the present invention includes a first transistor chip having a first drain pad, a second transistor chip having a second drain pad, a transmission line, a first capacitance, and the first one.
- the capacitance value of the first capacitance is selected to resonate with the inductance of the second bonding wire.
- the synthesis point of the signals output from the first and second transistor chips is shifted not to the second drain pad end of the second transistor chip, but to the resin substrate on which the circuit is integrated. Therefore, even in a configuration in which the first and second transistor chips and the circuit on the resin substrate are connected by using the first and second bonding wires, the frequency characteristics are not deteriorated, and the characteristics are highly efficient and wide band. It can be realized.
- FIG. 1 It is a circuit diagram which shows the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a layout diagram which shows the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a circuit diagram which extracted from the transistor of the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 1 to the synthesis point.
- It is a circuit diagram equivalent to FIG. It is a circuit diagram equivalent to FIG.
- FIG. It is a layout figure which shows the electromagnetic field calculation model of the structure which concerns on the comparative example 2.
- FIG. 1 shows the circuit diagram which shows the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 It is a layout diagram which shows the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 It is a layout diagram which shows the Do
- FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a figure which compared the 3dB gain compression point and drain efficiency of Embodiments 1 and 4. It is a circuit diagram which shows the Doherty amplifier which concerns on Embodiment 5.
- the Doherty amplifier according to the embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the same or corresponding components may be designated by the same reference numerals and the description may be omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a layout diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the first embodiment.
- the die pad 2 is formed on the resin substrate 1.
- the transistor chips 3 and 4 are die-bonded on the die pad 2.
- the resin substrate 1 is made of a material such as FR4.
- the substrate thickness of the resin substrate 1 is 200 to 500 um.
- the thermal resistance of the transistor chips 3 and 4 can be lowered by selecting a material having a thin substrate.
- the thick resin substrate 1 can be made smaller and less costly by increasing the degree of circuit integration by using multi-layer wiring.
- Transistor chips 3 and 4 are devices such as GaN-HEMT. A main amplifier is formed on the transistor chip 3. A peak amplifier is formed on the transistor chip 4. The transistor chips 3 and 4 may be the same chip.
- the transistor chips 3 and 4 have drain pads 5 and 6, respectively.
- the transistor chips 3 and 4 have parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2 between the source and drain, respectively.
- Parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2 include not only the intrinsic capacitance of the transistor but also the capacitances of the drain pads 5 and 6.
- the drain pad 5 of the transistor chip 3 is connected to one end of the bias circuit 8 and the transmission line 9 via the bonding wire 7.
- the drain pad 6 of the transistor chip 4 is connected to one end of the capacitance C1 and the bias circuit 11 via the bonding wire 10.
- a plurality of bonding wires 7 and 10 are arranged in parallel according to the size of the drain pads 5 and 6.
- the height of the bonding wires 7 and 10 is about 50 um to 200 um with respect to the surfaces of the transistor chips 3 and 4, and it is desirable to set the height low.
- the other end of the capacitance C1 is connected to the other end of the transmission line 9, and is connected to the output terminal OUT via the impedance conversion circuit 12 and the capacitance C2.
- the capacitance C1 is, for example, a surface mount type multilayer ceramic capacitor or the like.
- the bias circuits 8 and 11, the transmission line 9, the impedance conversion circuit 12, the capacitances C1 and C2, and the output terminal OUT are integrated on the resin substrate 1.
- the bias circuit 8 has a 90-degree line 13 and a capacitance C3 for grounding.
- the bias circuit 11 has a 90-degree line 14 and a capacitance C4 for grounding.
- the bias circuits 8 and 11 are not limited to this configuration, and may have a configuration having the same function.
- the impedance conversion circuit 12 is also a 90-degree line, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any configuration can be used as long as it can realize a desired impedance transformation.
- the electrical length and characteristic impedance of the transmission line 9 are set so that the electrical length from the drain pad 5 to the drain pad 6 is 90 degrees.
- the capacitance value of the capacitance C1 is selected so as to resonate with the equivalent inductance of the bonding wire 10 and the center frequency of the operating frequency. As a result, the synthesis point X of the signals output from the transistor chips 3 and 4 is shifted not to the end of the drain pad 6 of the transistor chip 4 but to the resin substrate 1 in which the circuit is integrated.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram extracted from the transistor of the Doherty amplifier according to the first embodiment to the synthesis point.
- 4 and 5 are circuit diagrams equivalent to those in FIG. Since the capacitance value of the capacitance C1 is set so as to resonate with the inductance of the bonding wire 10, FIG. 3 can be shown as shown in FIG. In the equivalent circuit, the synthesis point X and the drain pad 6 end are the same node.
- FIG. 6 is a layout diagram showing an electromagnetic field calculation model having the configuration according to Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a layout diagram showing an electromagnetic field calculation model having the configuration according to Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 8 is a layout diagram showing an electromagnetic field calculation model having the configuration according to the first embodiment. The bias circuits 8 and 11 and the impedance conversion circuit 12 are omitted.
- FIG. 6 shows the case where the synthesis point X is on the resin substrate.
- FIG. 7 shows a case where the synthesis point X is the drain pad 6.
- Both FIGS. 6 and 7 are designed so that the electric length from the drain pad 5 to the drain pad 6 is 90 degrees.
- the calculation considered the influence caused by the layout using general electromagnetic field calculation CAD software.
- the substrate thickness of the resin substrate 1 is 330 um, and the relative permittivity is 4.3.
- the line width of the transmission line 9 is 150 um.
- the thickness of the transistor chips 3 and 4 is 100 um.
- the height of the bonding wires 7 and 10 is 150 um with respect to the upper surfaces of the transistor chips 3 and 4.
- the bonding wires 7 and 10 are arranged at a pitch of 100 um.
- the capacitance value of the capacitance C1 in FIG. 8 was set to 2.9 pF.
- the line length of the transmission line 9 was adjusted so that the characteristic impedance Zc of the equivalent 90-degree delay circuit was 52 ⁇ .
- FIG. 9 shows the frequency characteristics of the 3 dB gain compression point and drain efficiency of the Doherty amplifier calculated using a commonly used nonlinear transistor model. From the calculation results, it can be seen that the first embodiment has the widest bandwidth and high efficiency in terms of both the 3 dB gain compression point (3 dB Compression Output Power) and the drain efficiency (Drain Efficiency).
- the electric length from the drain pad 5 to the drain pad 6 is set to 90 degrees, but in reality, sufficiently good characteristics can be obtained if the electric length is about ⁇ 10 degrees.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the minimum values of the 3 dB gain compression point and the drain efficiency in the 400 MHz band. It can be seen that if the electrical length is ⁇ 10 degrees with respect to 90 degrees, the effect on the 3 dB gain compression point is sufficiently small, and the decrease in drain efficiency is about -4 to 5 pts.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the minimum values of the 3 dB gain compression point and the drain efficiency in the 400 MHz band when the resonance frequency is normalized by the center frequency. Even if the resonance frequency deviates by 30%, the deterioration of the 3 dB gain compression point is about 0.3 dB, and the decrease in drain efficiency is less than 3 pts, so that it can be seen that sufficiently good characteristics can be realized.
- the symmetric doherty in the case where the two transistor sizes are the same has been described, but the asymmetric doherty having different transistor sizes may be used.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a layout diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the second embodiment.
- the inductors L1 and L2 and the capacitances C5 and C6 are added as compared with the first embodiment.
- One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the connection point between the bonding wire 7 and the transmission line 9.
- One end of the inductor L2 is connected to the connection point between the bonding wire 10 and the capacitance C1.
- the other end of the inductor L1 is grounded via the capacitance C5.
- the other end of the inductor L2 is grounded via the capacitance C6.
- the inductors L1 and L2 are formed as high impedance lines on, for example, a surface mount type chip component or a resin substrate 1. Since the capacitances C5 and C6 are for RF grounding, those having a sufficiently low impedance at the operating frequency are selected.
- the inductance of the inductors L1 and L2 is set to a value larger than the value that resonates in parallel with the parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2.
- the electric length from the drain pad 5 to the drain pad 6 needs to be 90 degrees. Therefore, there is an upper limit to the capacitance values of the parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2 depending on the operating frequency. Therefore, when the parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2 are large, the first embodiment cannot be realized.
- the inductors L1 and L2 are connected in parallel with the parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2, the size of the parasitic capacitance can be reduced equivalently. Therefore, even when the parasitic capacitances Csd1 and Csd2 are large, the same characteristics as those in the first embodiment can be realized. Wideband characteristics can be realized by setting the inductance of the inductors L1 and L2 as large as possible within the range in which the circuit can be configured.
- the bias circuits 8 and 11 may be omitted. In that case, the power supply is set at the connection point between the capacitances C5 and C6 and the inductors L1 and L2.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the third embodiment.
- the grounding of the inductors L1 and L2 is shared by the capacitance C5, and the bias circuit is shared by the bias circuit 8.
- the circuit can be miniaturized.
- Other configurations and effects are the same as in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the fourth embodiment.
- the parallel resonant circuit 15 composed of the capacitances C7 and C8 and the inductor L3 is connected to the synthesis point X.
- the capacitance C8 is a capacitance for grounding, and a capacitance having a sufficiently low impedance in the operating frequency band is selected.
- the capacitance C7 and the inductor L3 are selected to resonate in parallel at the center frequency of the operating frequency.
- the frequency characteristic of the parallel resonant circuit 15 has the opposite polarity to the frequency characteristic of the equivalent 90-degree delay circuit from the drain pad 5 to the synthesis point X. Therefore, the frequency characteristic of the circuit is reduced. Therefore, the fourth embodiment can be expected to have a wider band characteristic than the first embodiment. Since the operation and effect of this circuit have been shown in the prior art, details are omitted. In order to obtain this effect, the parallel resonant circuit 15 needs to be connected to the signal synthesis point. Therefore, since the synthesis point is not on the drain pad end but on the resin substrate 1, it is advantageous over the prior art in that it can be realized without causing an unbalanced operation.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram comparing the 3 dB gain compression points and drain efficiencies of the first and fourth embodiments.
- the capacitance C7 is 1.67 pF
- the capacitance C8 is 7 pF
- the inductor L3 is 1.294 nH. It can be seen that the 3dB gain compression point and the drain efficiency of the fourth embodiment are higher in a wide band than that of the first embodiment.
- this embodiment can be combined with the configuration of the second or third embodiment.
- the capacitance C7 is configured by the surface mount type chip capacitance
- the circuit loss can be reduced by configuring the two chip capacitances in parallel.
- the sum of the capacity values of the two chip capacities is selected to be the same as the capacities C7.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a Doherty amplifier according to the fifth embodiment.
- the connection position of the bias circuit 8 is changed to the synthesis point X.
- the impedance of the bias circuit 8 from the synthesis point X it shows the same frequency characteristics as the parallel resonant circuit of the fourth embodiment. Therefore, since the polarity is opposite to that of the 90-degree delay circuit from the drain pad 5 to the synthesis point X, the frequency characteristic of the circuit is reduced. Therefore, the same effect as that of the fourth embodiment can be obtained, and the parallel resonance circuit in the fourth embodiment can be deleted to reduce the size.
- the present embodiment can be combined with the configuration of the second embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係るドハティ増幅器を示す回路図である。図2は、実施の形態1に係るドハティ増幅器を示すレイアウト図である。
図12は、実施の形態2に係るドハティ増幅器を示す回路図である。図13は、実施の形態2に係るドハティ増幅器を示すレイアウト図である。実施の形態1に比べて、インダクタL1,L2と容量C5,C6が追加されている。
図14は、実施の形態3に係るドハティ増幅器を示す回路図である。実施の形態2に比べて、インダクタL1,L2の接地を容量C5で共通化し、バイアス回路をバイアス回路8で共通化している。これにより、回路を小形化することができる。その他の構成及び効果は実施の形態2と同様である。
図15は、実施の形態4に係るドハティ増幅器を示す回路図である。実施の形態1に比べて、合成点Xに容量C7,C8とインダクタL3から構成される並列共振回路15が接続されている。容量C8は接地用の容量であり、動作周波数帯で十分に低いインピーダンスの容量を選択する。容量C7とインダクタL3は動作周波数の中心周波数で並列共振するように選択される。
図17は、実施の形態5に係るドハティ増幅器を示す回路図である。実施の形態1に比べて、バイアス回路8の接続位置を合成点Xに変更している。合成点Xからバイアス回路8のインピーダンスを見ると、実施の形態4の並列共振回路と同様の周波数特性を示す。そのため、ドレインパッド5から合成点Xまでの90度遅延回路の周波数特性と逆の極性を持つため、回路の周波数特性が軽減される。従って、実施の形態4と同様の効果が得られ、かつ実施の形態4における並列共振回路を削除して小形化が可能である。なお、本実施の形態は実施の形態2の構成と組み合わせ可能である。
Claims (9)
- 第1のドレインパッドを持つ第1のトランジスタチップと、
第2のドレインパッドを持つ第2のトランジスタチップと、
樹脂基板と、
前記樹脂基板に形成された伝送線路と、
前記樹脂基板に形成された第1の容量と、
前記第1のドレインパッドと前記伝送線路の一端を接続する第1のボンディングワイヤと、
前記第2のドレインパッドと前記第1の容量の一端を接続する第2のボンディングワイヤと、
前記伝送線路の他端及び前記第1の容量の他端に接続された出力端子とを備え、
前記第1の容量の容量値は、前記第2のボンディングワイヤのインダクタンスと共振するように選択されていることを特徴とするドハティ増幅器。 - 前記第1の容量と前記第2のボンディングワイヤの共振周波数は、前記ドハティ増幅器の動作周波数の中心周波数の±30%の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のドハティ増幅器。
- 前記伝送線路の電気長と特性インピーダンスは、前記第1のドレインパッドから前記第2のドレインパッドまでの電気長が90度になるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のドハティ増幅器。
- 前記伝送線路の一端に接続された第1のバイアス回路と、
前記第1の容量の一端に接続された第2のバイアス回路とを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のドハティ増幅器。 - 一端が前記第1のボンディングワイヤと前記伝送線路の接続点に接続され、他端が第2の容量を介して接地された第1のインダクタと、
一端が前記第2のボンディングワイヤと前記第1の容量の接続点に接続され、他端が第3の容量を介して接地された第2のインダクタとを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のドハティ増幅器。 - 前記第1のインダクタの他端に接続された第1のバイアス回路と、
前記第2のインダクタの他端に接続された第2のバイアス回路とを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のドハティ増幅器。 - 一端が前記第1のボンディングワイヤと前記伝送線路の接続点に接続され、他端が第2の容量を介して接地された第1のインダクタと、
一端が前記第2のボンディングワイヤと前記第1の容量の接続点に接続され、他端が前記第2の容量を介して接地された第2のインダクタと、
前記第1のインダクタの他端と前記第2のインダクタの他端に接続されたバイアス回路とを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のドハティ増幅器。 - 前記伝送線路の他端及び前記第1の容量の他端と接地点との間に接続され、前記ドハティ増幅器の動作周波数の中心周波数で並列共振する並列共振回路を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のドハティ増幅器。
- 前記伝送線路の他端及び前記第1の容量の他端に接続された第1のバイアス回路と、
前記第1の容量の一端に接続された第2のバイアス回路とを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のドハティ増幅器。
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DE112019007905.0T DE112019007905T5 (de) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Doherty-Verstärker |
CN201980098776.2A CN114651394A (zh) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | 多赫蒂放大器 |
KR1020227015766A KR20220078688A (ko) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | 도허티 증폭기 |
JP2020529218A JP6773256B1 (ja) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | ドハティ増幅器 |
US17/622,028 US20220278652A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | Doherty amplifier |
PCT/JP2019/045643 WO2021100176A1 (ja) | 2019-11-21 | 2019-11-21 | ドハティ増幅器 |
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JP2009539277A (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2009-11-12 | エヌエックスピー ビー ヴィ | 高出力集積rf増幅器 |
WO2016203512A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-15 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社日立国際電気 | 電力増幅器及び無線送信器 |
JP2018074320A (ja) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-10 | サムソン エレクトロ−メカニックス カンパニーリミテッド. | ドハティ型増幅器 |
KR101910896B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-10-23 | 성균관대학교 산학협력단 | 피킹 증폭기의 출력 정합회로에 공진회로를 사용하는 광대역 도허티 전력증폭기 |
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US8717102B2 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2014-05-06 | Infineon Technologies Ag | RF device with compensatory resonator matching topology |
EP3086469B1 (en) | 2014-01-06 | 2021-10-27 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Doherty power amplifier, communication device and system |
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- 2019-11-21 JP JP2020529218A patent/JP6773256B1/ja active Active
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- 2019-11-21 DE DE112019007905.0T patent/DE112019007905T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-11-21 KR KR1020227015766A patent/KR20220078688A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2009539277A (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2009-11-12 | エヌエックスピー ビー ヴィ | 高出力集積rf増幅器 |
WO2016203512A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-15 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社日立国際電気 | 電力増幅器及び無線送信器 |
JP2018074320A (ja) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-10 | サムソン エレクトロ−メカニックス カンパニーリミテッド. | ドハティ型増幅器 |
KR101910896B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-10-23 | 성균관대학교 산학협력단 | 피킹 증폭기의 출력 정합회로에 공진회로를 사용하는 광대역 도허티 전력증폭기 |
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