WO2022167883A1 - 表示装置の作製方法 - Google Patents
表示装置の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022167883A1 WO2022167883A1 PCT/IB2022/050453 IB2022050453W WO2022167883A1 WO 2022167883 A1 WO2022167883 A1 WO 2022167883A1 IB 2022050453 W IB2022050453 W IB 2022050453W WO 2022167883 A1 WO2022167883 A1 WO 2022167883A1
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- insulator
- conductor
- layer
- oxide
- photoresist
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZYLGGWPMIDHSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide;hafnium(4+) Chemical compound [Hf+4].C[N-]C.C[N-]C.C[N-]C.C[N-]C ZYLGGWPMIDHSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(trichlorosilyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical group [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
- H10K59/1213—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements the pixel elements being TFTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/124—Insulating layers formed between TFT elements and OLED elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/32—Stacked devices having two or more layers, each emitting at different wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/20—Changing the shape of the active layer in the devices, e.g. patterning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/20—Changing the shape of the active layer in the devices, e.g. patterning
- H10K71/231—Changing the shape of the active layer in the devices, e.g. patterning by etching of existing layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/871—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
- H10K59/8722—Peripheral sealing arrangements, e.g. adhesives, sealants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a display device.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a driving method, or a manufacturing method.
- one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Therefore, the technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification more specifically include semiconductor devices, display devices, liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, imaging devices, storage devices, signal processing devices, and processors. , electronic devices, systems, methods of driving them, methods of manufacturing them, or methods of testing them.
- the display device is desired to have high definition and high color reproducibility in order to enhance the sense of reality and immersion.
- a display device with high display quality is required as a device for XR.
- a display device for XR for example, it is necessary to equip an eyeglass-type housing or a goggle-type housing, so it is necessary to reduce the size of the display device to approximately 2 inches or less, or 1 inch or less.
- the number of pixels provided within that size can be increased by designing such that the pitch width between pixels or between wires is reduced, or the size of the pixel is reduced. be able to.
- a display device including a light-emitting device using an organic EL is considered as a display device, it becomes difficult to form an organic EL light-emitting layer having a different color for each pixel when the pixel size is reduced. The manufacturing process may be limited.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a display device with high resolution. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a display device with low power consumption. Alternatively, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a small-sized display device. Alternatively, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing a display device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that satisfies at least one of high resolution, low power consumption, and a small area.
- the problem of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the problems listed above.
- the issues listed above do not preclude the existence of other issues.
- Still other issues are issues not mentioned in this section, which will be described in the following description.
- Problems not mentioned in this section can be derived from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, or the like by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention is to solve at least one of the problems listed above and other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily solve all of the problems listed above and other problems.
- the fourth step includes applying a positive first photoresist to a region including the first insulator, the second insulator, and the first conductor;
- the first photoresist is exposed and developed, and the first conductor and the second conductor are formed in a region of the first photoresist that overlaps the first opening and the first conductor.
- the first EL layer is formed on the first conductor and the second insulator positioned at the bottom of the second opening of the first photoresist and on the first photoresist.
- a seventh step comprising forming a second conductor over the first EL layer
- an eighth step comprising forming a third insulator over the second conductor.
- the first photoresist is exposed and developed to form the first photoresist, the first EL layer formed on the first photoresist, the second conductor, and the third insulator.
- Removing the body has the step of forming a light emitting device including a first EL layer over the first conductor, a second conductor, and a third insulator.
- the second insulator may include an organic material and an inorganic material overlapping with the organic material.
- the organic material preferably comprises polyimide
- the inorganic material is selected from silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum oxynitride and aluminum nitride. It is preferred to have at least one.
- the display device in (1) or (2) above, includes a first transistor located below the first insulator, a second transistor located below the first transistor, may be used as a method for manufacturing a display device. Also, the first transistor may have metal oxide in the channel formation region, and the second transistor may have silicon in the channel formation region.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes a first insulator, a second insulator, a third insulator, a first conductor, a second conductor, a third conductor, and a fourth conductor.
- the first step includes forming a first conductor, a second conductor, and a third conductor over the first insulator, the second step overlying the first insulator; forming a second insulator over the first conductor, the second conductor, and the third conductor; the third step includes forming a second insulator overlying the first conductor; There is the step of forming a first opening in the region of the body down to the first conductor.
- the fourth step includes forming a first EL layer over the first conductor, the second conductor, the third conductor, and the second insulator, and the fifth step is , applying a positive first photoresist to a region including over the first EL layer.
- a sixth step is to expose and develop the first photoresist to reach the first EL layer in a region of the first photoresist that overlaps the second conductor and the third conductor.
- a step of forming a second opening having an inverse tapered structure is provided.
- a seventh step is dry etching to remove the first EL layer located at the bottom of the second opening of the first photoresist to form a second conductor at the bottom of the second opening of the first photoresist; Exposing the third conductor and the second insulator.
- an eighth step forming a second EL layer on the first photoresist, on the second conductor located at the bottom of the second opening in the first photoresist, on the third conductor, and on the second insulator; is formed.
- the ninth step includes exposing and developing the first photoresist to remove the first photoresist and the second EL layer formed on the first photoresist.
- a tenth step includes applying a positive second photoresist to the area including over the first EL layer and over the second EL layer.
- the second photoresist is exposed and developed, and the third photoresist having the reverse taper structure reaches the second EL layer in the region overlapping the third conductor in the second photoresist.
- a twelfth step is removing the second EL layer located at the bottom of the third opening of the second photoresist by a dry etching process to form a third conductor at the bottom of the third opening of the second photoresist; and exposing the second insulator.
- a thirteenth step includes forming a third EL layer on the second photoresist, on the third conductor located at the bottom of the third opening in the second photoresist, and on the second insulator. have.
- the fourteenth step includes exposing and developing the second photoresist to remove the second photoresist and the third EL layer formed on the second photoresist.
- the fifteenth step includes forming a fourth conductor over the first EL layer, the second EL layer, and the third EL layer, and the sixteenth step includes forming a third conductor over the fourth conductor.
- An insulator is formed.
- a semiconductor device is a device that utilizes semiconductor characteristics, and refers to circuits including semiconductor elements (transistors, diodes, photodiodes, etc.), devices having such circuits, and the like. It also refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. For example, an integrated circuit, a chip with an integrated circuit, and an electronic component in which the chip is housed in a package are examples of semiconductor devices.
- memory devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, electronic devices, and the like may themselves be semiconductor devices or may include semiconductor devices.
- connection relationships other than the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text are not limited to the predetermined connection relationships, for example, the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text. It is assumed that X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- X and Y are electrically connected is an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y (for example, switch, transistor, capacitive element, inductor, resistive element, diode, display devices, light emitting devices, loads, etc.) can be connected between X and Y.
- the switch has a function of being controlled to be turned on and off. In other words, the switch has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- a circuit that enables functional connection between X and Y eg, a logic circuit (inverter, NAND circuit, NOR circuit, etc.), a signal conversion Circuits (digital-to-analog conversion circuit, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level conversion circuit (power supply circuit (booster circuit, step-down circuit, etc.), level shifter circuit that changes the potential level of signals, etc.), voltage source, current source , switching circuit, amplifier circuit (circuit that can increase signal amplitude or current amount, operational amplifier, differential amplifier circuit, source follower circuit, buffer circuit, etc.), signal generation circuit, memory circuit, control circuit, etc.) It is possible to connect one or more between As an example, even if another circuit is interposed between X and Y, when a signal output from X is transmitted to Y, X and Y are considered to be functionally connected. do.
- X and Y are electrically connected, it means that X and Y are electrically connected (that is, another element or another circuit is interposed), and the case where X and Y are directly connected (that is, the case where X and Y are connected without another element or another circuit interposed between them). (if any).
- this specification deals with a circuit configuration in which a plurality of elements are electrically connected to wiring (wiring for supplying a constant potential or wiring for transmitting signals).
- wiring for supplying a constant potential or wiring for transmitting signals.
- X and Y, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor are electrically connected to each other, and X, the source of the transistor (or the 1 terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and are electrically connected in the order of Y.”
- the source (or first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X
- the drain (or second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y
- X is the source of the transistor ( or the first terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are electrically connected in this order.
- X is electrically connected to Y through the source (or first terminal, etc.) and drain (or second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, and X is the source (or first terminal, etc.) of the transistor; terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are provided in this connection order.
- the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor can be distinguished by defining the order of connection in the circuit configuration.
- the technical scope can be determined.
- these expression methods are examples, and are not limited to these expression methods.
- X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- circuit diagram shows independent components electrically connected to each other, if one component has the functions of multiple components.
- one component has the functions of multiple components.
- the term "electrically connected" in this specification includes cases where one conductive film functions as a plurality of constituent elements.
- a “resistive element” can be, for example, a circuit element having a resistance value higher than 0 ⁇ , a wiring having a resistance value higher than 0 ⁇ , or the like. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the term “resistive element” includes a wiring having a resistance value, a transistor, a diode, a coil, and the like through which a current flows between a source and a drain. Therefore, the term 'resistive element' may be interchanged with terms such as 'resistance', 'load', and 'region having a resistance value'.
- resistor refers to any resistance value
- load refers to any resistance value
- region having a resistance value may be interchanged with terms such as “resistive element”.
- the resistance value can be, for example, preferably 1 m ⁇ or more and 10 ⁇ or less, more preferably 5 m ⁇ or more and 5 ⁇ or less, still more preferably 10 m ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ or less.
- capacitor element refers to, for example, a circuit element having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a wiring region having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a parasitic capacitance, a transistor can be the gate capacitance of Also, terms such as “capacitance element”, “parasitic capacitance”, and “gate capacitance” may be replaced with terms such as “capacitance”.
- capacitor may be interchanged with terms such as “capacitive element,” “parasitic capacitance,” and “gate capacitance.”
- a pair of electrodes in the “capacitance” can be replaced with a "pair of conductors," a “pair of conductive regions,” a “pair of regions,” and the like.
- the value of the capacitance can be, for example, 0.05 fF or more and 10 pF or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 pF or more and 10 ⁇ F or less.
- a transistor has three terminals called a gate, a source, and a drain.
- a gate is a control terminal that controls the conduction state of a transistor.
- the two terminals functioning as source or drain are the input and output terminals of the transistor.
- One of the two input/output terminals functions as a source and the other as a drain depending on the conductivity type of the transistor (n-channel type, p-channel type) and the level of potentials applied to the three terminals of the transistor. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms “source” and “drain” may be used interchangeably.
- a multi-gate transistor having two or more gate electrodes can be used as an example of a transistor.
- the multi-gate structure since the channel formation regions are connected in series, a structure in which a plurality of transistors are connected in series is obtained. Therefore, the multi-gate structure can reduce off-state current and improve the breakdown voltage (reliability) of the transistor.
- the multi-gate structure even if the voltage between the drain and source changes when operating in the saturation region, the current between the drain and source does not change much and the slope is flat. properties can be obtained.
- the flat-slope voltage-current characteristic an ideal current source circuit or an active load with a very high resistance value can be realized. As a result, a differential circuit or current mirror circuit with good characteristics can be realized.
- the circuit element may have a plurality of circuit elements.
- the circuit element when one resistor is described on the circuit diagram, it includes the case where two or more resistors are electrically connected in series.
- the case where one capacitor is described on the circuit diagram includes the case where two or more capacitors are electrically connected in parallel.
- the switch when one transistor is illustrated in a circuit diagram, two or more transistors are electrically connected in series and the gates of the transistors are electrically connected to each other. shall include Similarly, for example, when one switch is described on the circuit diagram, the switch has two or more transistors, and the two or more transistors are electrically connected in series or in parallel. and the gates of the respective transistors are electrically connected to each other.
- a node can be called a terminal, a wiring, an electrode, a conductive layer, a conductor, an impurity region, or the like, depending on the circuit configuration, device structure, and the like. Terminals, wirings, and the like can also be called nodes.
- Voltage is a potential difference from a reference potential.
- the reference potential is ground potential
- “voltage” can be replaced with “potential”. Note that the ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V.
- the potential is relative, and when the reference potential changes, the potential applied to the wiring, the potential applied to the circuit, etc., and the potential output from the circuit etc. also change.
- the terms “high level potential” and “low level potential” do not mean specific potentials.
- the high-level potentials supplied by both wirings do not have to be equal to each other.
- the low-level potentials applied by both wirings need not be equal to each other.
- “Current” refers to the phenomenon of charge transfer (electrical conduction). is happening.” Therefore, in this specification and the like, unless otherwise specified, the term “electric current” refers to a charge transfer phenomenon (electrical conduction) associated with the movement of carriers.
- the carriers here include electrons, holes, anions, cations, complex ions, and the like, and the carriers differ depending on the current-flowing system (eg, semiconductor, metal, electrolytic solution, vacuum, etc.).
- the "direction of current” in wiring or the like is the direction in which carriers that become positive charges move, and is described as a positive amount of current. In other words, the direction in which the carriers that become negative charges move is the direction opposite to the direction of the current, and is represented by the amount of negative current.
- the ordinal numbers “first”, “second”, and “third” are added to avoid confusion of constituent elements. Therefore, the number of components is not limited. Also, the order of the components is not limited. For example, the component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments such as this specification may be the component referred to as “second” in another embodiment or the scope of claims. can also be Further, for example, the component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments of this specification etc. may be omitted in other embodiments or the scope of claims.
- electrode B on insulating layer A does not require that electrode B be formed on insulating layer A in direct contact with another configuration between insulating layer A and electrode B. Do not exclude those containing elements.
- terms such as “film” and “layer” can be interchanged depending on the situation.
- the terms “film”, “layer”, and the like may be omitted and replaced with other terms.
- the terms “insulating layer” and “insulating film” may be changed to the term “insulator”.
- electrode in this specification do not functionally limit these constituent elements.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include the case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wiring” are integrally formed.
- terminal may be used as part of “wiring” or “electrode”, and vice versa.
- terminal includes a case where a plurality of "electrodes”, “wirings”, “terminals”, etc. are integrally formed.
- an “electrode” can be part of a “wiring” or a “terminal”
- a “terminal” can be part of a “wiring” or an “electrode”, for example.
- terms such as “electrode”, “wiring”, and “terminal” may be replaced with terms such as "region” in some cases.
- terms such as “wiring”, “signal line”, and “power line” can be interchanged depending on the case or situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to the term “signal line”. Also, for example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to a term such as “power supply line”. Also, vice versa, terms such as “signal line” and “power line” may be changed to the term “wiring”. It may be possible to change terms such as “power line” to terms such as “signal line”. Also, vice versa, terms such as “signal line” may be changed to terms such as "power line”. In addition, the term “potential” applied to the wiring can be changed to the term “signal” or the like in some cases or depending on the situation. And vice versa, terms such as “signal” may be changed to the term “potential”.
- semiconductor impurities refer to, for example, substances other than the main components that constitute the semiconductor layer.
- impurities may cause, for example, an increase in the defect level density of the semiconductor, a decrease in carrier mobility, and a decrease in crystallinity.
- impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, group 1 elements, group 2 elements, group 13 elements, group 14 elements, group 15 elements, and elements other than the main component. Transition metals and the like, especially for example hydrogen (also included in water), lithium, sodium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen and the like.
- the impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, group 1 elements, group 2 elements, group 13 elements, group 15 elements (with the exception of oxygen, does not contain hydrogen).
- a switch is one that has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- a switch has a function of selecting and switching a path through which current flows. Therefore, the switch may have two or more terminals through which current flows, in addition to the control terminal.
- an electrical switch, a mechanical switch, or the like can be used. In other words, the switch is not limited to a specific one as long as it can control current.
- Examples of electrical switches include transistors (eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.), diodes (eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes , diode-connected transistors, etc.), or a logic circuit combining these.
- transistors eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.
- diodes eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes , diode-connected transistors, etc.
- the “conducting state” of the transistor means, for example, a state in which the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor can be considered to be electrically short-circuited, or a state in which a current flows between the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- a “non-conducting state” of a transistor means a state in which a source electrode and a drain electrode of the transistor can be considered to be electrically cut off. Note that the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited when the transistor is operated as a simple switch.
- a mechanical switch is a switch using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology.
- the switch has an electrode that can be moved mechanically, and operates by controlling conduction and non-conduction by moving the electrode.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- a structure in which a light-emitting layer is separately formed or a light-emitting layer is separately painted in each color light-emitting device is referred to as SBS (Side By Side) structure.
- SBS Side By Side
- a light-emitting device capable of emitting white light is sometimes referred to as a white light-emitting device.
- the white light-emitting device can be combined with a colored layer (for example, a color filter) to form a full-color display device.
- light-emitting devices can be broadly classified into single structures and tandem structures.
- a single-structure device preferably has one light-emitting unit between a pair of electrodes, and the light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- the light-emitting layers may be selected such that the respective light-emitting colors of the two light-emitting layers are in a complementary color relationship. For example, by making the luminescent color of the first luminescent layer and the luminescent color of the second luminescent layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a configuration in which the entire light emitting device emits white light.
- the light-emitting device as a whole may emit white light by combining the light-emitting colors of the three or more light-emitting layers.
- a tandem structure device preferably has two or more light-emitting units between a pair of electrodes, and each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- the light from the light emitting layers of a plurality of light emitting units may be combined to obtain white light emission.
- the structure for obtaining white light emission is the same as the structure of the single structure.
- the white light emitting device when comparing the white light emitting device (single structure or tandem structure) and the light emitting device having the SBS structure, the light emitting device having the SBS structure can consume less power than the white light emitting device. If it is desired to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use a light-emitting device with an SBS structure. On the other hand, the white light emitting device is preferable because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light emitting device, so that the manufacturing cost can be lowered or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- parallel refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10° or more and 10° or less. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5° or more and 5° or less is also included.
- substantially parallel or “substantially parallel” refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -30° or more and 30° or less.
- Perfect means that two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 100° or less. Therefore, the case of 85° or more and 95° or less is also included.
- a method for manufacturing a display device with high resolution can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing a display device with low power consumption can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing a small-sized display device can be provided.
- a novel method for manufacturing a display device can be provided.
- a display device that satisfies at least one of high resolution, low power consumption, and a small area can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 2A to 2D are schematic diagrams showing configuration examples of light-emitting devices.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of the display device.
- 6A to 6E are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 7A to 7D are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 8A to 8D are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 9A to 9C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 10A to 10C are cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 12A and 12B are cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of the display device.
- 13A to 13E are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 14A to 14E are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 15A to 15E are cross-sectional views showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 16A and 16B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of transistors.
- 17A and 17B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of transistors.
- 18A is a diagram for explaining the classification of the crystal structure of IGZO
- FIG. 18B is a diagram for explaining the XRD spectrum of crystalline IGZO
- FIG. 18C is a diagram for explaining the ultrafine electron diffraction pattern of crystalline IGZO.
- 19A and 19B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display module.
- 20A to 20F are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 21A and 21B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display module.
- 22A and 22B are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 23A to 23C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 24A to 24D are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad sense. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OSs), and the like. For example, when a channel formation region of a transistor contains a metal oxide, the metal oxide is sometimes referred to as an oxide semiconductor. In other words, when a metal oxide can form a channel-forming region of a transistor having at least one of an amplifying action, a rectifying action, and a switching action, the metal oxide is called a metal oxide semiconductor. be able to. In the case of describing an OS transistor, it can also be referred to as a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- nitrogen-containing metal oxides may also be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may also be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- the content (or part of the content) described in one embodiment may be combined with another content (or part of the content) described in that embodiment, or one or a plurality of other implementations. can be applied, combined, or replaced with at least one of the contents described in the form of (may be part of the contents).
- figure (may be part of) described in one embodiment refers to another part of that figure, another figure (may be part) described in that embodiment, and one or more other More drawings can be formed by combining at least one of the drawings (or part of them) described in the embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 has a structure in which a pixel circuit, a driver circuit, and the like are provided over a substrate 101 .
- a semiconductor substrate for example, a single crystal substrate made of silicon or germanium can be used.
- substrate 101 other than semiconductor substrates, for example, SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrates, glass substrates, quartz substrates, plastic substrates, sapphire glass substrates, metal substrates, stainless steel substrates, and stainless steel foils are used.
- glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, soda lime glass, and the like.
- flexible substrates, laminated films, substrate films, etc. are as follows.
- plastics represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- acrylic examples include polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride.
- examples include polyamides, polyimides, aramids, epoxy resins, inorganic deposition films, papers, and the like. Note that in the case where heat treatment is included in the manufacturing process of the display device 100, a material with high heat resistance is preferably selected for the substrate 101.
- the substrate 101 is described as a semiconductor substrate having a material such as silicon.
- the display device 100 includes a transistor 170 and light-emitting devices 150 a to 150 c over a substrate 101 .
- the transistor 170 is provided over the substrate 101 and includes an element isolation layer 171, an insulator 174, a conductor 175, an insulator 176, a semiconductor region 173 which is part of the substrate 101, and a low-resistance region functioning as a source region or a drain region. 172a, and a low resistance region 172b. Therefore, the transistor 170 is a transistor containing silicon in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as a Si transistor). Note that FIG. 1 illustrates a structure in which one of the source region and the drain region of the transistor 170 is electrically connected to a pixel electrode (a conductor 121 described later) of the light-emitting device 150 through a conductor 126 described later.
- a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 170 is electrically connected to the pixel electrode (the conductor 121) of the light-emitting device 150 through the conductor 126, for example.
- the gate of the transistor 170 may be electrically connected to a pixel electrode (a conductor 121 to be described later) of the light emitting device 150 through the conductor 126 .
- the effective channel width can be increased, and the ON characteristics of the transistor 170 can be improved.
- the contribution of the electric field of the gate electrode can be increased, the off-state characteristics of the transistor 170 can be improved.
- transistor 170 may be either p-channel type or n-channel type.
- a region where a channel of the semiconductor region 173 is formed, a region in the vicinity thereof, the low-resistance regions 172a and 172b serving as a source region or a drain region, and the like preferably contain a semiconductor such as a silicon-based semiconductor. It preferably contains crystalline silicon. Alternatively, it may be formed using a material including germanium (Ge), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs), gallium nitride (GaN), or the like. A structure using silicon in which the effective mass is controlled by applying stress to the crystal lattice and changing the lattice spacing may be used. Alternatively, the transistor 170 may be a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) by using gallium arsenide, gallium aluminum arsenide, or the like.
- HEMT high electron mobility transistor
- the conductor 175 functioning as a gate electrode is a semiconductor material such as silicon containing an element imparting n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus or an element imparting p-type conductivity such as boron, a metal material, or an alloy material. , or a conductive material such as a metal oxide material can be used.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be adjusted by selecting the material of the conductor. Specifically, a material such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride is preferably used for the conductor. Furthermore, in order to achieve both conductivity and embeddability, it is preferable to use a metal material such as tungsten or aluminum as a laminated conductor, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the element isolation layer 171 is provided to isolate a plurality of transistors formed on the substrate 101 from each other.
- the element isolation layer can be formed using, for example, a LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) method, an STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method, a mesa isolation method, or the like.
- the transistor 170 illustrated in FIG. 1 is an example, and the structure thereof is not limited, and an appropriate transistor may be used according to the circuit configuration, driving method, and the like.
- the transistor 170 may have a planar structure instead of a Fin structure.
- the insulator 116, the insulator 117, and the insulator 111 are stacked in this order in the transistor 170 illustrated in FIG.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, or the like may be used.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen.
- aluminum oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- aluminum oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- the insulator 117 may function as a planarization film that planarizes a step caused by the transistor 170 or the like covered with the insulator 116 and the insulator 117 .
- the top surface of the insulator 117 may be planarized by planarization treatment using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like in order to improve planarity.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the insulator 111 it is preferable to use a barrier insulating film that prevents water, hydrogen, impurities, or the like from diffusing from the substrate 101, the transistor 170, or the like into a region above the insulator 111.
- a barrier insulating film that prevents water, hydrogen, impurities, or the like from diffusing from the substrate 101, the transistor 170, or the like into a region above the insulator 111.
- FIG. therefore, for the insulator 111, it is preferable to use an insulating material that has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and water molecules (through which the above impurities hardly penetrate).
- the insulator 111 has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (N 2 O, NO, NO 2 , etc.), and copper atoms (the above-mentioned oxygen is permeable). It is preferable to use an insulating material that is difficult to Alternatively, it preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules).
- a barrier insulating film refers to an insulating film having barrier properties.
- barrier property refers to the function of suppressing the diffusion of the corresponding substance (also referred to as “low permeability”).
- the corresponding substance has the function of capturing and fixing (also called gettering).
- an insulator having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen and impurities such as water and hydrogen is preferably used; for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, and indium gallium zinc oxide.
- silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride can be used.
- silicon nitride or the like which has a higher hydrogen barrier property, as the insulator 111 .
- the insulator 111 for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, or the like, which has a high function of capturing and fixing hydrogen, is preferably used.
- the insulator 111 may be a laminate using two or more materials selected from the above materials.
- the desorption amount of hydrogen can be analyzed using, for example, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS).
- TDS thermal desorption spectroscopy
- the amount of hydrogen released from the insulator 111 is the amount of hydrogen atoms released per area of the insulator 111 when the surface temperature of the film is in the range of 50° C. to 500° C. , 10 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less.
- the insulator 111 is preferably a film with high flatness.
- an organic material such as acrylic resin or polyimide can be applied.
- the insulator 111 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 117 .
- the dielectric constant of the insulator 111 is preferably less than 4, more preferably less than 3.
- the dielectric constant of the insulator 111 is preferably 0.7 times or less, more preferably 0.6 times or less, that of the insulator 117 .
- the insulator 116 , the insulator 117 , and the insulator 111 are embedded with a conductor 126 or the like connected to a light-emitting device or the like provided above the insulator 111 .
- the conductor 126 functions as a plug or wiring.
- conductors that function as plugs or wiring may have a plurality of structures collectively given the same reference numerals.
- the wiring and the plug connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, part of the conductor may function as wiring, and part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- each plug and wiring As a material for each plug and wiring (conductor 126, etc.), a single layer or laminated layer of a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material can be used. It is preferable to use a high-melting-point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten. Alternatively, it is preferably formed using a low-resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper. Wiring resistance can be reduced by using a low-resistance conductive material.
- a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material. It is preferable to use a high-melting-point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten. Alternatively, it is preferably formed using a low-
- a wiring layer may be provided above the insulator 117 and below the insulator 111 (not shown).
- light emitting devices 150 a to 150 c are provided above the insulator 111 . Structure examples of the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c provided above the insulator 111 illustrated in FIG. 1 are described below.
- the light emitting devices 150a to 150c may be collectively described as the light emitting device 150 when the light emitting devices 150a to 150c are not distinguished from each other.
- the conductors 121a to 121c may be collectively referred to as the conductor 121
- the EL layers 141a to 141c may be collectively referred to as the EL layer 141
- the conductor 122a The conductors 122c to 122c may be collectively referred to as the conductor 122
- the insulators 113a to 113c may be collectively referred to as the insulator 113 in some cases.
- Conductors 121 a to 121 c functioning as pixel electrodes of the light emitting devices 150 a to 150 c are provided over the insulator 111 . Note that in FIG. 1, a region where the conductors 121a to 121c are not provided is part of the insulator 111 .
- An insulator 112 is provided on the insulator 111 and the conductor 121a. Note that in FIG. 1, regions where the insulator 112 is not provided are present over the conductors 121a, 121b, and 121c.
- An EL layer 141a is provided over the insulator 112 and the conductor 121a.
- An EL layer 141b is provided over the insulator 112 and the conductor 121b.
- An EL layer 141c is provided over the insulator 112 and the conductor 121c. Note that in FIG. 1, a region where the EL layers 141a to 141c are not provided is present over part of the insulator 112 .
- each of the EL layers 141a to 141c preferably has a light-emitting layer that emits light of a different color.
- the EL layer 141a includes a light-emitting layer that emits blue (B) light
- the EL layer 141b includes a light-emitting layer that emits green (G) light
- the EL layer 141c includes a light-emitting layer that emits red (R) light. It can have a light-emitting layer that emits light.
- the display device 100 may have a structure (SBS structure) in which different light-emitting layers are formed over a plurality of pixel electrodes (conductors 121a to 121c) for each color.
- the combination of colors emitted by the light-emitting layers included in each of the EL layers 141a to 141c is not limited to the above.
- colors such as cyan, magenta, and yellow may also be used.
- the number of colors emitted by the light emitting device 150 included in the display device 100 may be two, or may be four or more.
- Each of the EL layers 141a, 141b, and 141c includes a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound (light-emitting layer), an electron-injection layer, an electron-transport layer, a hole-injection layer, and a hole-transport layer. You may have one or more of them.
- the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c in FIG. 1 can be composed of a plurality of layers such as a layer 4420, a light-emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430 like the light-emitting device 150 shown in FIG. 2A.
- each of the EL layer 141a, the EL layer 141b, and the EL layer 141c can have a structure in which the layer 4420, the light-emitting layer 4411, and the layer 4430 are included.
- the layer 4420 can have, for example, a layer containing a highly electron-injecting substance (electron-injecting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-transporting substance (electron-transporting layer).
- the light-emitting layer 4411 contains, for example, a light-emitting compound.
- Layer 4430 can have, for example, a layer containing a substance with high hole-injection properties (hole-injection layer) and a layer containing a substance with high hole-transport properties (hole-transport layer).
- a structure including a layer 4420, a light-emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430 provided between a pair of electrodes (a conductor 121 and a conductor 122 described later) can function as a single light-emitting unit.
- the configuration of 2A is called a single configuration.
- FIG. 2B is a modification of the EL layer 141 included in the light emitting device 150 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the light-emitting device 150 shown in FIG. It has layer 4420-1 on 4411, layer 4420-2 on layer 4420-1, and conductor 122 on layer 4420-2.
- the layer 4430-1 functions as a hole injection layer
- the layer 4430-2 functions as a hole transport layer
- the layer 4420-1 functions as an electron Functioning as a transport layer
- layer 4420-2 functions as an electron injection layer.
- layer 4430-1 functions as an electron-injecting layer
- layer 4430-2 functions as an electron-transporting layer
- layer 4420-1 functions as a hole-transporting layer.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 4411, 4412, and 4413) are provided between layers 4420 and 4430 as shown in FIG. 2C is also a variation of the single structure.
- a laminate having a plurality of layers such as the layer 4420, the light-emitting layer 4411, and the layer 4430 is sometimes called a light-emitting unit.
- a plurality of light-emitting units can be connected in series via an intermediate layer (charge-generating layer).
- a plurality of light-emitting units, light-emitting unit 4400a and light-emitting unit 4400b can be connected in series via an intermediate layer (charge generation layer) 4440.
- FIG. In this specification, such a structure is called a tandem structure. Also, in this specification and the like, the tandem structure may be referred to as, for example, a stack structure.
- the EL layer 141 includes, for example, the layer 4420 of the light-emitting unit 4400a, the light-emitting layer 4412 and the layer 4430, the intermediate layer 4440, and the layer of the light-emitting unit 4400b. 4420, a light-emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430 can be included.
- the emission color of the light-emitting device 150 can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like, depending on the material forming the EL layer 141 .
- the color purity can be further enhanced by providing the light emitting device 150 with a microcavity structure.
- a light-emitting device that emits white light preferably has a structure in which two or more types of light-emitting substances are contained in the light-emitting layer. In order to obtain white light emission, two or more light-emitting substances may be selected so that the light emission of each of the light-emitting substances has a complementary color relationship.
- the light-emitting layer preferably contains two or more light-emitting substances that emit light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), or O (orange).
- R red
- G green
- B blue
- Y yellow
- O orange
- a gap is provided between the two EL layers between the light emitting devices of different colors.
- the EL layer 141a, the EL layer 141b, and the EL layer 141c are preferably provided so as not to be in contact with each other. This can suitably prevent current from flowing through two adjacent EL layers to cause unintended light emission (also referred to as crosstalk). Therefore, the contrast can be increased, and a display device with high display quality can be realized.
- a conductor 122a and an insulator 113a are provided in this order over the EL layer 141a.
- a conductor 122b and an insulator 113b are provided in this order over the EL layer 141b.
- a conductor 122c and an insulator 113c are provided in this order over the EL layer 141c.
- the conductors 122a to 122c function, for example, as upper electrodes of the light emitting devices 150a to 150c, respectively. Further, in order to emit light emitted from the light-emitting device 150 above the display device 100, the conductors 122a to 122c preferably include a conductive material having a light-transmitting property.
- the insulators 113a to 113c function, for example, as passivation films that protect the light emitting device 150a, the light emitting device 150b, and the light emitting device 150c. Therefore, the insulators 113a to 113c are preferably made of a material that prevents entry of water or the like.
- a resin layer 161 is provided over the insulators 113a to 113c.
- a substrate 102 is provided on the resin layer 161 .
- the substrate 102 it is preferable to apply a substrate having translucency, for example.
- a substrate having translucency for example.
- light emitted from the light-emitting devices 150 a , 150 b , and 150 c can be emitted above the substrate 102 .
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the configuration described above, and the configuration described above can be changed as appropriate according to the situation.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which the Si transistor is provided on the substrate 101 and the light emitting device 150 is provided on the Si transistor
- the Si transistor may be replaced with another transistor.
- a display device 100 shown in FIG. 3 has a configuration in which the Si transistors in the display device 100 shown in FIG. 1 are replaced with OS transistors. Note that in the display device in FIG. 3 , the transistor 500 which is an OS transistor is provided over the insulator 512 , the insulator 581 is provided over the transistor 500 , and the light-emitting device 150 is provided over the insulator 581 . Further, the OS transistor will be described in detail in Embodiment 2.
- the transistor 500 can be used as a driving transistor in the light emitting device 150
- the transistor 170 can be used as a transistor included in a driver circuit for driving the display device 100, or the like.
- the light emitting device 150a, the light emitting device 150b, and the light emitting device 150c described above can each be arranged in a matrix as an example.
- the matrix arrangement is sometimes called a stripe arrangement.
- the arrangement method of the light emitting devices is not limited to this, and an arrangement method such as a delta arrangement or a zigzag arrangement may be applied, or a pentile arrangement may be used.
- an EL element such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode).
- OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
- QLED Quadantum-dot Light Emitting Diode
- light-emitting substances that EL devices have include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials), substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescent materials), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and substances that exhibit heat-activated delayed fluorescence (heat-activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF) material) and the like.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sealing structure that can be applied to the display device 100 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.
- FIG. 5A illustrates an end portion of the substrate 102 included in the display device 100 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 and materials provided around the end portion.
- FIG. 5A also shows only some of the circuit elements of the display device 100.
- FIG. 5A illustrates an insulator 111, a plug connected to the transistor 500, and insulators, conductors, light-emitting devices 150a to 150c, and the like located above the insulator 111.
- an adhesive layer 165 is provided at the edge of the substrate 102 or around the edge.
- the display device 100 is configured such that the insulator 112 and the substrate 102 are interposed with the adhesive layer 165 .
- the adhesive layer 165 is preferably made of, for example, a material that suppresses permeation of impurities such as moisture. By using the material for the adhesive layer 165, the reliability of the display device 100 can be improved.
- a structure in which the insulator 112 and the substrate 102 are bonded together via the resin layer 161 using the adhesive layer 165 is sometimes called a solid sealing structure. Further, in the solid sealing structure, if the resin layer 161 has a function of bonding the insulator 112 and the substrate 102 together like the adhesive layer 165, the adhesive layer 165 may not necessarily be provided.
- a structure in which the insulator 112 and the substrate 102 are bonded using the adhesive layer 165 by filling an inert gas instead of the resin layer 161 is sometimes called a hollow sealing structure (not shown).
- inert gases include nitrogen and argon.
- two or more adhesive layers may be stacked.
- an adhesive layer 164 may be further provided inside the adhesive layer 165 (between the adhesive layer 165 and the resin layer 161).
- a desiccant may be mixed in the adhesive layer 164 .
- moisture contained in the resin layer 161, the insulator, the conductor, the EL layer, and the like formed inside the adhesive layer 165 and the adhesive layer 164 is absorbed by the desiccant, so that the display device can be 100 reliability can be increased.
- the display device 100 in FIG. 5B has a solid sealing structure, it may have a hollow sealing structure.
- an inert liquid may be filled instead of the resin layer 161.
- inert liquids include fluorine-based inert liquids.
- 6A to 8D are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- 6A to 8D show an example of a method for manufacturing the display device 100 in FIG. Note that in this embodiment, as an example, a method for manufacturing the display device 100 includes steps A1 to A13.
- step A1 In step A1, as shown in FIG. 6A, the insulator 111, the conductors 121a to 121c provided over the insulator 111, and the insulators 121a to 121c provided over the insulator 111 and the conductors 121a to 121c A laminate having a body 112 formed thereon is prepared.
- 6A to 8D show only some circuit elements of the display device 100.
- FIG. Specifically, each of FIGS. 6A to 8D illustrates an insulator 111, a plug connected to the transistor 500, and insulators, conductors, light-emitting devices 150a to 150c, and the like above the insulator 111. Illustrated.
- FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional view of a laminate in which the insulator 111, the conductors 121a to 121c, and the insulator 112 are formed in the display device 100.
- FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional view of a laminate in which the insulator 111, the conductors 121a to 121c, and the insulator 112 are formed in the display device 100.
- the conductors 121a to 121c can be formed, for example, by forming a conductive film over the insulator 111 and performing a patterning step, an etching step, or the like on the conductive film.
- insulating films are formed over the insulator 111 and the conductors 121a to 121c, and openings are provided in regions of the insulating films overlapping with the conductors 121a to 121c. can be formed by In this embodiment, the opening formed in step A1 is called a first opening.
- Each of the conductors 121a to 121c functions as an anode of the light-emitting device 150a, the light-emitting device 150b, and the light-emitting device 150c included in the display device 100, for example.
- indium tin oxide (sometimes called ITO) can be used.
- each of the conductors 121a to 121c may have a laminated structure of two or more layers instead of one layer.
- a conductor with high reflectance to visible light can be used as the conductor in the first layer
- a conductor with high light-transmitting property can be used as the conductor in the top layer.
- Examples of conductors with high reflectance for visible light include silver, aluminum, and alloy films of silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu) (Ag—Pd—Cu (APC) films). mentioned.
- examples of the conductor with high light-transmitting property include the above-described indium tin oxide.
- conductors 121a to 121c for example, a laminated film of aluminum sandwiched between a pair of titanium (a laminated film of Ti, Al, and Ti in this order) or a silver film sandwiched between a pair of indium tin oxides can be used.
- a laminated film a laminated film of ITO, Ag, and ITO in this order
- ITO, Ag, and ITO in this order can be used.
- the insulator 112 is preferably made of a material that does not melt with the resin layer 132_1 that will be applied in a later step, for example.
- materials that do not melt with the resin layer 132_1 include inorganic films having insulating properties.
- the insulating inorganic film for example, at least one selected from silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, and aluminum nitride can be used. .
- the insulator 112 may be a laminate using two or more materials selected from the above materials.
- an organic film may be used as long as it is a material that does not melt with the resin layer 132_1 that is applied in a later step.
- organic films that can be applied to the insulator 112 include polyimide.
- the insulator 112 may have a multi-layer structure in which the first layer is the above-described organic film and the second layer is the above-described inorganic film.
- the first organic film can be protected by the second inorganic film, a material that melts with the resin layer 132_1 to be applied in a later step should be used as the first organic film. can be done.
- a resin layer 132_1 is applied over the laminate shown in FIG. 6A, that is, over the insulator 112 and over the conductors 121a to 121c.
- the resin layer 132_1 is preferably a photoresist, for example.
- the photoresist may be of a negative type or may be of a positive type.
- the resin layer 132_1 is assumed to be a positive photoresist.
- the resin layer 132_1 may be cured according to the curing conditions of the resin layer 132_1 (see FIG. 6B). For example, after the resin layer 132_1 is applied, baking treatment may be performed to remove the solvent contained in the resin layer 132_1.
- the film thickness of the resin layer 132_1 is, for example, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more.
- step A3 an exposure process and a development process are performed on the resin layer 132_1 shown in FIG. 6B.
- the resin layer 132_1 is a positive photoresist.
- the exposure range of the resin layer 132_1 is, for example, a range including a region of the resin layer 132_1 that overlaps with the conductor 121a.
- an opening reaching the conductor 121a and the insulator 112 can be formed in the region of the resin layer 132_1 overlapping with the conductor 121a by a subsequent development step (see FIG. 6C).
- the opening formed in step A3 is called a second opening.
- the side surface of the opening of the resin layer 132_1 can be tapered as shown in FIG. 6C.
- the side surfaces of the opening of the resin layer 132_1 can be similarly tapered by appropriately determining the conditions in the exposure process and the development process.
- the taper angle is the angle in the layer formed by the side surface and the bottom surface of the layer when a layer having a tapered shape is observed from the cross section (a plane perpendicular to the surface of the substrate). indicate the angle. Further, when the taper angle is less than 90°, it is called forward taper, and when the taper angle is 90° or more, it is called reverse taper.
- the insulator 112 and the conductor 121a may be dissolved in the chemical solution such as the developing solution used in the developing process of step A3.
- a step of forming a protective layer on the conductors 121a to 121c and the insulator 112 may be provided between steps A1 and A2 (not shown).
- the protective layer preferably has resistance to the chemical solution used in the development process of step A3.
- the protective layer provided on the bottom surface of the second opening is removed so that the insulator 112 is formed on the bottom surface of the second opening. and the conductor 121a can be exposed.
- a method for removing the protective layer there is an ashing process in which oxygen gas is introduced and the oxygen gas is turned into plasma.
- the protective layer is preferably made of a material that can be easily removed by ashing.
- the laminate shown in FIG. 6C may be baked.
- step A4 an EL layer 141A is formed on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 6C, that is, on the conductor 121a, the insulator 112, and the resin layer 132_1 (see FIG. 6D).
- the EL layer 141A is not formed on all the ends of the second opening of the resin layer 132_1. That is, the formed EL layer 141A has a structure in which the second opening of the resin layer 132_1 divides the area over the conductor 121a and the insulator 112 and the area over the resin layer 132_1.
- the taper angle of the end of the resin layer 132_1 is used to divide the EL layer 141A into regions on the conductor 121a and the insulator 112 and regions on the resin layer 132_1. is, for example, preferably 95° or more, more preferably 100° or more, more preferably 110° or more, and even more preferably 120° or more.
- the EL layer 141A contains an organic compound. Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, the organic compound can include, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the EL layer 141A may include at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the laminate in FIG. 6C may be heat-treated under vacuum.
- the term "under vacuum” described in this specification and the like is, for example, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa or less, and even more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa or less. It shall be 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa or less.
- step A5 a conductor 122A is deposited on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 6D, that is, on the EL layer 141A (see FIG. 6E).
- the conductor 122A is deposited on all of the ends of the second opening of the resin layer 132_1 as in step A4. not. Therefore, the conductor 122A is formed over the EL layer 141A including the region overlapping with the conductor 121a and the insulator 112 (the bottom surface of the second opening) and over the EL layer 141A including the region overlapping with the resin layer 132_1. It becomes a fragmented structure.
- the conductor 122A functions, for example, as a cathode (conductor 122a) of the light emitting device 150a included in the display device 100.
- the conductor 122A is preferably a material having high conductivity, translucency, and light reflectivity (sometimes referred to as a semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode).
- a semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode sometimes referred to as a semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode.
- an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide can be applied.
- the film thickness of the conductor 122A is preferably 20 nm, more preferably 15 nm, where the volume ratio of silver to magnesium is 1:0.1. is more preferred.
- a conductor, an insulator, or the like may be provided above the conductor 122A in order to increase electrical conductivity and prevent impurities from entering from the outside.
- a conductor, an insulator, or the like may be used as the conductor provided over the conductor 122A.
- step A6 an insulator 113A is deposited on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 6E, that is, on the conductor 122A (see FIG. 7A).
- the insulator 113A is formed over the conductor 122A including the region overlapping with the conductor 121a and the insulator 112 (the bottom surface of the second opening) and over the conductor 122 including the region overlapping with the resin layer 132_1. It becomes a fragmented structure.
- the insulator 113A functions as a passivation film (sometimes called a protective layer) that protects the light emitting device 150a, the light emitting device 150b, and the light emitting device 150c of the display device 100. Therefore, it is preferable that the insulator 113A be made of a material that prevents entry of water or the like.
- a material that can be applied to the insulator 111 can be used. Specifically, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, or the like can be used.
- the insulator 113A functioning as a protective layer can have, for example, a single-layer structure or a laminated structure including at least an inorganic insulating film.
- inorganic insulating films include oxide films and nitride films of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxynitride, and hafnium oxide, in addition to aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride described above.
- a semiconductor material such as indium gallium oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide may be used as the insulator 113A.
- the insulator 113A may be formed using an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, or a sputtering method.
- ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- sputtering method a method including an inorganic insulating film as the insulator 113A.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulator 113 may have a laminated structure of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film.
- step A7 the resin layer 132_1 is removed from the laminate shown in FIG. 7A (see FIG. 7B).
- An example of a method for removing the resin layer 132_1 is a method using a peeling liquid.
- each of the conductor 122A and/or the insulator 113A preferably functions as a protective film against the stripping liquid in order to prevent the EL layer 141A from being corroded by the stripping liquid.
- the thickness of each of the conductor 122A and/or the insulator 113A is increased.
- a method of using a material having high resistance to the stripping solution can be used.
- a method for removing the resin layer 132_1 which is different from the above, a method using a developing solution can be given as an example. Specifically, the entire top surface of the laminate in FIG. 7A is exposed, and then the resin layer 132_1 is removed using a developing solution in a developing step. Further, after the developing step, the laminate may be washed with carbonated water in order to remove residues of the resin layer 132_1. Since the EL layer 141A has relatively high resistance to a developer and carbonated water, this removal method eliminates the need for the conductor 122A and/or the insulator 113A to function as protective layers in some cases. be. In addition, since damage to the EL layer 141A can be kept small, the life of the light emitting device 150 can be extended in some cases.
- the EL layer 141A, the conductor 122A, and the insulator 113A formed on the resin layer 132_1 can be removed. Further, as a result, the EL layer 141a, the conductor 122a, and the insulator 113a can be formed on the bottom surface of the first opening of the insulator 112 (over the conductor 121a) and part of the insulator 112.
- FIG. 1 illustrates that FIG.
- a resin layer 132_2 is applied on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 7B, that is, on the insulator 112, the conductor 121b, the conductor 121c, and the insulator 113a. Further, it is preferable that the resin layer 132_2 is, for example, a photoresist. Note that the photoresist may be of a negative type or may be of a positive type.
- the resin layer 132_2 may be made of the same resin as the resin layer 132_1, or may be made of a different resin. Note that in this manufacturing method, the resin layer 132_2 is assumed to be a positive photoresist.
- the resin layer 132_2 may be cured according to the curing conditions of the resin layer 132_2 (see FIG. 7C).
- baking may be performed to remove the solvent contained in the resin layer 132_2.
- the temperature of the baking treatment is preferably set to a temperature that does not thermally damage the EL layer 141A formed in advance.
- the film thickness of the resin layer 132_2 is preferably, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, like the resin layer 132_1.
- step A9 similarly to step A3, the resin layer 132_2 shown in FIG. 7C is subjected to an exposure process and a development process. Therefore, the description of step A3 is taken into consideration for the description of step A9.
- the side surface of the opening of the resin layer 132_2 can be tapered like the resin layer 132_1 in FIG. 6C.
- the laminate shown in FIG. 7D may be baked.
- the temperature of the baking treatment is preferably set to a temperature that does not thermally damage the EL layer 141a formed in advance.
- step A10 the EL layer 141B, the conductor 122B, and the insulator 113B are formed in this order on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 7D, that is, on the conductor 121b, the insulator 112, and the resin layer 132_2. (See Figure 8A).
- the side surface of the opening of the resin layer 132_2 is inversely tapered.
- the film is formed so as to be divided into a region over 112 and a region over the resin layer 132_2.
- the EL layer 141B contains an organic compound.
- the organic compound can include, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the EL layer 141B may include at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the color exhibited by the light-emitting layer included in the EL layer 141B be different from the color exhibited by the light-emitting layer included in the EL layer 141A.
- the laminate in FIG. 7D may be heat-treated under vacuum.
- the conditions for the heat treatment may be the same conditions as those for the heat treatment described in step A4.
- the conductor 122B for example, a material that can be applied to the conductor 122A can be used. Therefore, the conductor 122A and the conductor 122B included in the display device 100 may be made of the same material or different materials.
- the insulator 113B for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 113A can be used. Therefore, the insulator 113A and the insulator 113B included in the display device 100 may be made of the same material or different materials.
- step A11 In step A11, as in step A7, the resin layer 132_2 is removed from the laminate shown in FIG. 8A (see FIG. 8B). Therefore, the description of step A7 will be referred to for the description of step A11.
- the EL layer 141B, the conductor 122B, and the insulator 113A formed over the resin layer 132_2 can be removed. Further, as a result, the EL layer 141b, the conductor 122b, and the insulator 113b can be formed over the conductor 121b and part of the insulator 112 .
- step A12 manufacturing steps similar to steps A2 to A7 or steps A8 to A11 are performed to form an EL layer 141c, a conductor 122c, and an insulator over the conductor 121c and part of the insulator 112. 113c is formed (see FIG. 8C).
- the EL layer 141c contains, for example, an organic compound.
- the organic compound can include, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the EL layer 141c may include at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the color of the light-emitting layer included in the EL layer 141c is preferably different from the color of the light-emitting layers included in the EL layers 141A and 141B.
- heat treatment may be performed in a vacuum on the laminate of FIG. 8C.
- the conditions for the heat treatment may be the same conditions as those for the heat treatment described in step A4.
- the conductor 122c for example, a material that can be applied to the conductor 122A or the conductor 122B can be used. Therefore, the conductor 122A, the conductor 122B, and the conductor 122c included in the display device 100 may be the same material or different materials, or two of the above conductors may be the same material. It can be used as a material.
- the insulator 113c for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 113A or the insulator 113B can be used. Therefore, the insulator 113A, the insulator 113B, and the insulator 113c included in the display device 100 may be made of the same material or different materials, or two of the above insulators may be made of the same material. It can be used as a material.
- step A13 a resin layer 161 is applied on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 8C. After that, the substrate 102 is attached onto the resin layer 161 of the laminate (see FIG. 8D).
- the resin layer 161 it is preferable to use, for example, a translucent resin.
- an organic material such as a reactive curing adhesive, a photocurable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, and/or an anaerobic adhesive may be used.
- the resin layer 161 includes, for example, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, EVA (ethylene vinyl) resin.
- An adhesive containing an acetate) resin or the like can be used.
- the substrate 102 for example, among substrates that can be applied to the substrate 101, a substrate having translucency is applied.
- a substrate having translucency is applied.
- light emitted from the light-emitting devices 150 a , 150 b , and 150 c can be emitted above the substrate 102 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the display device are not limited to the above contents.
- the structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the display device may be changed according to circumstances.
- a common insulator for each of the light emitting devices 150a to 150c may be provided on top of the laminate shown in FIG. 8C.
- FIG. 9A as an example, an insulator 114 common to each of the light emitting devices 150a to 150c is provided between the insulator 112, the insulators 113a to 113c, and the resin layer 161.
- a cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device 100 is illustrated.
- the insulator 114 for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 113a, the insulator 113b, or the insulator 113c can be used.
- FIG. 9B shows one example of the display device 100 in which the insulator 113 common to the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c is provided over the conductors 122a to 122c and over the insulator 112 .
- Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the part;
- the insulator 113 for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 113a, the insulator 113b, or the insulator 113c can be used.
- a conductor functioning as an auxiliary electrode for the conductors 122a to 122c in FIG. 9B may be provided.
- the insulators 113a to 113c are not formed in steps A1 to A12, and the conductors 122a to 122a to 113c are formed before the resin layer 161 is formed in step A13.
- a conductor 123 functioning as an auxiliary electrode for the conductor 122c may be formed. Note that the insulator 113 may be formed over the conductor 123 .
- FIG. 9C illustrates, as an example, the display device 100 in which the conductor 123 is provided over the conductors 122 a to 122 c and the insulator 112 , and the insulator 113 is provided over the conductor 123 .
- Figure 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion; Note that the conductor 123 can also be called a common electrode in each of the light emitting devices 150a to 150c.
- the conductor 123 is preferably a material that has high conductivity, translucency, and light reflectivity.
- the conductor 123 can use a material that can be used for the conductor 122a, the conductor 122b, or the conductor 122c.
- indium tin oxide can be used for the conductor 123 .
- the insulator 112 may have a multilayer structure in which the first layer is an organic insulator and the second layer is an inorganic insulator. good.
- the insulator 112a is an organic insulator
- the insulator 112b is an inorganic insulator
- the insulator 112 including the insulators 112a and 112b has a multilayer structure.
- a cross-sectional view of a portion of device 100 is illustrated.
- organic material for example, polyimide or the like
- inorganic material a material that can be applied to the insulator 112 included in the display device 100 in FIG. 1, the insulator 112 in FIG. 8D, or the like is used. be able to.
- the insulator 114 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers instead of one layer.
- the insulator 114 may have, for example, a two-layer structure in which an organic insulator is applied as a first layer and an inorganic insulator is applied as a second layer.
- FIG. 10B illustrates the display device 100 in which the insulator 114a is an organic insulator, the insulator 114b is an inorganic insulator, and the insulator 114 including the insulators 114a and 114b has a multilayer structure.
- Figure 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion
- the configuration of the display device 100 includes an end portion of a laminate of an EL layer 141a, a conductor 122a, and an insulator 113a formed in steps A2 to A7, and an end portion of a laminate formed in steps A8 to A11.
- the EL layer 141b, the conductor 122b, and the insulator 113b may overlap with each other.
- the end portion of the stack of the EL layer 141b, the conductor 122b, and the insulator 113b formed in steps A8 to A11 and the EL layer 141c, the conductor 122c, and the insulator 113c formed in step A12 are formed. may be overlapped with the end of the laminate.
- the end portion of the stack of the EL layer 141c, the conductor 122c, and the insulator 113c formed in step A12 and the EL layer 141a, the conductor 122a, and the insulator 113a formed in steps A2 to A7 are formed. may overlap with the stack of the EL layer 141b, the conductor 122b, and the insulator 113b formed in steps A8 to A11.
- the display device 100 may be configured such that the end portions of the laminates forming the adjacent light emitting devices 150 are overlapped with each other. In FIG.
- one end of the stack constituting the light emitting device 150b is provided above one end of the stack constituting the light emitting device 150a, and the end of the stack constituting the light emitting device 150a is provided.
- One end of the laminate constituting the light-emitting device 150c is provided above the other end of the laminate constituting the light-emitting device 150c, and the other end of the laminate constituting the light-emitting device 150b is provided above the A cross-sectional view of a portion of display device 100 is shown in which the other of the parts is provided.
- each of the EL layers 141a to 141c may be provided with a microcavity structure (microresonator structure).
- a microcavity structure for example, a conductive material having light-transmitting and light-reflecting properties is used as the conductors 122a to 122c that are the upper electrodes, and the conductors 121a to 121c that are the lower electrodes (pixel electrodes) are used.
- the distance between the lower surface of the light-emitting layer and the upper surface of the lower electrode, that is, the film thickness of the layer 4430 in FIG. Refers to a structure whose thickness corresponds to the wavelength.
- the light that is reflected back by the lower electrode interferes greatly with the light that directly enters the upper electrode from the light emitting layer (incident light).
- reflected light interferes greatly with the light that directly enters the upper electrode from the light emitting layer (incident light).
- Incident light 2n-1) It is preferable to adjust to [lambda]/4 (where n is a natural number of 1 or more and [lambda] is the wavelength of emitted light to be amplified).
- n is a natural number of 1 or more
- [lambda] is the wavelength of emitted light to be amplified.
- the optical distance it is possible to match the phases of the reflected light and the incident light of wavelength ⁇ , thereby further amplifying the light emitted from the light-emitting layer.
- the reflected light and the incident light have a wavelength other than ⁇ , the phases do not match, and the light attenuates without resonating.
- the EL layer may have a structure having a plurality of light-emitting layers or a structure having a single light-emitting layer. Further, for example, in combination with the configuration of the above-described tandem-type light-emitting device, a configuration in which a plurality of EL layers are provided in one light-emitting device with a charge generation layer interposed therebetween, and one or more light-emitting layers are formed in each EL layer. may be applied to
- microcavity structure By having a microcavity structure, it is possible to increase the emission intensity in the front direction at a specific wavelength, so it is possible to reduce power consumption.
- equipment for XR such as VR and AR
- light from the front direction of the light-emitting device is often incident on the eyes of the user wearing the equipment.
- a microcavity structure that matches the wavelength of each color can be applied to all sub-pixels. A display device with excellent characteristics can be obtained.
- FIG. 11A shows, as an example, a cross-sectional view of part of the display device 100 provided with a microcavity structure.
- the light-emitting device 150a has a light-emitting layer that emits blue (B) light
- the light-emitting device 150b has a light-emitting layer that emits green (G) light
- the light-emitting device 150c emits red (R) light.
- a light-emitting layer it is preferable that the thickness of the EL layer 141a, the EL layer 141b, and the EL layer 141c be increased in this order as shown in FIG. 11A.
- the thickness of the layer 4430 included in each of the EL layer 141a, the EL layer 141b, and the EL layer 141c may be determined according to the color of light emitted from each light-emitting layer.
- the layer 4430 included in the EL layer 141a is the thinnest
- the layer 4430 included in the EL layer 141c is the thickest.
- the configuration of the display device 100 may include a colored layer (color filter).
- FIG. 11B shows, as an example, a configuration in which a colored layer 162a, a colored layer 162b, and a colored layer 162c are included between the resin layer 161 and the substrate 102.
- the colored layers 162a to 162c can be formed over the substrate 102, for example.
- the light-emitting device 150a has a light-emitting layer that emits blue (B) light
- the light-emitting device 150b has a light-emitting layer that emits green (G) light
- the light-emitting device 150c emits red (R) light.
- the colored layer 162a is blue
- the colored layer 162b is green
- the colored layer 162c is red.
- the display device 100 shown in FIG. 11B is obtained by bonding the substrate 102 provided with the colored layers 162a to 162c to the substrate 101 on which the light emitting devices 150a to 150c are formed through the resin layer 161. Can be configured. At this time, it is preferable that the light-emitting device 150a and the colored layer 162a overlap, the light-emitting device 150b and the colored layer 162b overlap, and the light-emitting device 150c and the colored layer 162c overlap.
- the colored layers 162a to 162c in the display device 100 for example, light emitted by the light-emitting device 150b is not emitted above the substrate 102 through the colored layer 162a or the colored layer 162c.
- FIG. 162b is injected above the substrate 102.
- FIG. 162b since it is possible to block light from the light emitting device 150 of the display device 100 in an oblique direction (the direction of the elevation angle when the upper surface of the substrate 102 is taken as a horizontal plane), the dependency of the display device 100 on the viewing angle is reduced. It is possible to prevent the display quality of the image displayed on the display device 100 from deteriorating when the image is viewed obliquely.
- the colored layers 162a to 162c formed on the substrate 102 may be covered with a resin or the like called an overcoat layer.
- the resin layer 161, the overcoat layer, the colored layers 162a to 162c, and the substrate 102 may be laminated in this order (not shown).
- the resin used for the overcoat layer for example, a translucent thermosetting material based on an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin can be used.
- the configuration of the display device 100 may include a black matrix in addition to the colored layers.
- FIG. 11C shows a configuration example in which a black matrix 163 is provided in the display device 100 of FIG. 11B.
- a black matrix 163 is provided in the display device 100 of FIG. 11B.
- the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c included in the display device may all be light-emitting devices that emit white light (not shown).
- the light-emitting device can have, for example, a single structure or a tandem structure.
- the display device 100 may have a structure in which the insulator 112 formed over the conductors 121a to 121c is not provided.
- FIG. 12A shows a configuration example in which the insulator 112 is not provided in the display device shown in FIGS. 1, 8D, and the like.
- the display device 100 may have a structure in which the conductors 121 a to 121 c are embedded in the insulator 111 .
- FIG. 12B shows a structural example of a display device in which conductors 121 a to 121 c are embedded in the insulator 111 .
- openings for embedding the conductors 121a to 121c in the insulator 111 are formed, then conductive films to be the conductors 121a to 121c are formed, and then the conductors 121a to 121c are formed. Then, a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method may be performed until the insulator 111 is exposed.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the conductors 121a to 121c are used as the anode and the conductor 122 is used as the cathode. may be used as the anode. That is, in the manufacturing process described above, the stacking order of the hole-injection layer, the hole-transport layer, the light-emitting layer, the electron-transport layer, and the electron-injection layer included in the EL layers 141a to 141c is reversed. good too.
- insulators, conductors, semiconductors, and the like disclosed in this specification can be formed by a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method or a CVD method.
- PVD methods include, for example, a sputtering method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method, an electron beam vapor deposition method, and a PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method.
- a plasma CVD method, a thermal CVD method, and the like are used.
- the thermal CVD method includes, for example, MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method and ALD method.
- the thermal CVD method does not use plasma, so it has the advantage of not generating defects due to plasma damage.
- a raw material gas and an oxidizing agent are sent into a chamber at the same time, the inside of the chamber is made to be under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is formed by reacting near or on the substrate and depositing it on the substrate. .
- the inside of the chamber may be under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure
- raw material gases for reaction are sequentially introduced into the chamber
- film formation may be performed by repeating the order of gas introduction.
- switching the switching valves also called high-speed valves
- two or more source gases are sequentially supplied to the chamber, and the first source gas is supplied simultaneously with or after the first source gas so as not to mix the two or more source gases.
- An active gas argon, nitrogen, or the like
- the inert gas serves as a carrier gas, and the inert gas may be introduced at the same time as the introduction of the second raw material gas.
- the second source gas may be introduced after the first source gas is exhausted by evacuation.
- the first source gas adsorbs on the surface of the substrate to form a first thin layer, which reacts with the second source gas introduced later to form a second thin layer on the first thin layer. is laminated to form a thin film.
- a thin film with excellent step coverage can be formed by repeating this gas introduction sequence several times until a desired thickness is obtained. Since the thickness of the thin film can be adjusted by the number of times the gas introduction sequence is repeated, precise film thickness adjustment is possible, and this method is suitable for manufacturing fine FETs.
- Thermal CVD methods such as the MOCVD method and the ALD method can form various films such as metal films, semiconductor films, and inorganic insulating films disclosed in the embodiments described above.
- trimethylindium (In( CH3 ) 3 ), trimethylgallium (Ga( CH3 ) 3 ), and dimethylzinc (Zn( CH3 ) 2 ) are used.
- triethylgallium (Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ) can be used instead of trimethylgallium
- diethylzinc (Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ) can be used instead of dimethylzinc. can also be used.
- a liquid containing a solvent and a hafnium precursor compound hafnium alkoxide and tetrakisdimethylamide hafnium (TDMAH, Hf[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4
- hafnium precursor compound hafnium alkoxide and tetrakisdimethylamide hafnium (TDMAH, Hf[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4
- gases Two types of gases are used: a raw material gas obtained by vaporizing hafnium amide) and ozone (O 3 ) as an oxidizing agent.
- Other materials include tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium.
- an aluminum oxide film is formed by a film forming apparatus using the ALD method
- a raw material obtained by vaporizing a liquid containing a solvent and an aluminum precursor compound (trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH 3 ) 3 ), etc.) is used.
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- Al(CH 3 ) 3 aluminum precursor compound
- gases gas and H 2 O as an oxidant.
- Other materials include tris(dimethylamido)aluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and aluminum tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate).
- hexachlorodisilane is adsorbed on the surface of the film to be formed, and radicals of an oxidizing gas (O 2 , dinitrogen monoxide) are supplied. React with adsorbate.
- an oxidizing gas O 2 , dinitrogen monoxide
- WF 6 gas and B 2 H 6 gas are sequentially and repeatedly introduced to form an initial tungsten film, and then WF 6 gas and H The two gases are sequentially and repeatedly introduced to form a tungsten film.
- SiH4 gas may be used instead of B2H6 gas.
- a precursor generally referred to as a precursor, a metal precursor, etc.
- an oxidizing agent generally called a reactant, a reactant, a non-metallic precursor, etc.
- a precursor In(CH 3 ) 3 gas and an oxidizing agent O 3 gas are introduced to form an In—O layer, and then a precursor Ga(CH 3 ) 3 gas and O 3 gas as an oxidant is introduced to form a GaO layer, and then Zn(CH 3 ) 2 gas as a precursor and O 3 gas as an oxidant are introduced to form a ZnO layer.
- a mixed oxide layer such as an In--Ga--O layer, an In--Zn--O layer, or a Ga--Zn--O layer may be formed using these gases.
- H 2 O gas obtained by bubbling water with an inert gas such as Ar may be used instead of O 3 gas, it is preferable to use O 3 gas that does not contain H.
- In(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gas may be used instead of In(CH 3 ) 3 gas.
- Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gas may be used instead of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 gas.
- Zn(CH 3 ) 2 gas may be used.
- ⁇ Method 2 for manufacturing a display device> a method for manufacturing the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, which is different from the method for manufacturing the display device 100 illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 8D, is described. Note that a display device completed by the manufacturing method is also one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A to 8D are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device of one embodiment of the present invention. Note that in this embodiment, the manufacturing method is described as an example including steps B1 to B14. In addition, in the manufacturing method, the description of parts that overlap with the manufacturing method of the display device 100 shown in FIGS. 6A to 8D will be omitted.
- Step B1 In step B1, as shown in FIG. 13A, the insulator 111, the conductors 121a to 121c provided over the insulator 111, and the insulators 121a to 121c provided over the insulator 111 and the conductors 121a to 121c.
- a laminate having a body 112 formed thereon is prepared. Further, the insulator 112 is provided with third openings in part of regions overlapping with the conductors 121a to 121c so that the conductors 121a to 121c are exposed.
- 13A to 15E only some circuit elements of the display device 100 are extracted and illustrated. Specifically, each of FIGS. 13A to 15E illustrates an insulator 111, a plug connected to the transistor 500, insulators, conductors, light-emitting devices 150a to 150c, and the like above the insulator 111. Illustrated.
- step B2 an EL layer 141A is formed over the stack shown in FIG. 13A, that is, over the insulator 112 and over the conductors 121a to 121c (see FIG. 13B).
- step B3 resin 134_1 is applied to the upper portion of the laminate shown in FIG. 13B, that is, on EL layer 141A.
- the resin 134_1 is preferably a photoresist, for example.
- the photoresist may be of a negative type or may be of a positive type.
- the resin 134_1 is assumed to be a positive photoresist.
- the resin 134_1 may be cured according to the curing conditions of the resin 134_1 (see FIG. 13C).
- baking may be performed to remove the solvent contained in the resin 134_1.
- the temperature of the baking treatment is preferably a temperature that does not thermally damage the previously formed EL layer 141A.
- the film thickness of the resin 134_1 is, for example, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more.
- step B4 an exposure process and a development process are performed on the resin 134_1 shown in FIG. 13C.
- the resin 134_1 is a positive photoresist.
- the exposure range of the resin 134_1 is, for example, a range that does not include the region of the resin 134_1 that overlaps with the conductor 121a.
- the exposure range for the resin 134_1 is, for example, a range including regions of the resin 134_1 overlapping with the conductors 121b and 121c. Accordingly, an opening reaching the EL layer 141A can be formed in a region of the resin 134_1 overlapping with the conductor 121b and the conductor 121c in the subsequent development process (see FIG. 13D).
- the opening formed in step B4 is called a fourth opening.
- the resin 134_1a is formed in the region overlapping the conductor 121a, and the side surface of the opening of the resin 134_1a can be tapered inversely. .
- the laminate shown in FIG. 13D may be baked.
- the temperature of the baking treatment is preferably a temperature that does not thermally damage the previously formed EL layer 141a.
- step B5 the laminate shown in FIG. 13D is subjected to the removal step JKY1 of the EL layer 141A positioned on the bottom surface of the fourth opening (see FIG. 13E). Further, in this step, the EL layer 141A overlapping with the conductor 121a is left selectively with the resin 134_1a serving as a mask. Thus, an EL layer 141a is formed in a region overlapping with the conductor 121a, the insulator 112, and the resin 134_1a.
- An example of a method for removing the EL layer 141A is etching.
- the EL layer 141A positioned on the bottom surface of the fourth opening can be efficiently removed by performing dry etching processing, which is included in the types of etching processing.
- an ashing process may be performed by introducing oxygen gas and turning the oxygen gas into plasma.
- step B6 an EL layer 141B is formed over the laminate shown in FIG. 13E, that is, over the insulator 112, the conductor 121b, the conductor 121c, and the resin 134_1a (see FIG. 14A). At this time, the EL layer 141B may be formed in a region not in contact with the resin 134_1a on the EL layer 141A.
- step B7 the resin 134_1a is removed from the laminate shown in FIG. 14A (see FIG. 14B). Further, in this step, the resin 134_1a and the EL layer 141B formed on the upper portion of the resin 134_1a are removed, and the EL layer 141B formed on the bottom surface of the fourth opening selectively remains. Become. Thus, an EL layer 141Bm is formed in a region overlapping with part of the insulator 112 and the conductors 121b and 121c.
- An example of a method for removing the resin 134_1a is a method using a peeling liquid.
- a material that does not melt the EL layers 141a and 141b is preferably used as the stripping solution.
- the EL layers 141a and 141b may be formed using a material that is highly resistant to the stripping solution.
- an example of a method for removing the resin 134_1a that is different from the above is a method using a developer. Specifically, the entire top surface of the laminate in FIG. 14A is exposed, and then the resin 134_1a is removed using a developing solution in a developing step. Further, after the developing process, the layered body may be washed with carbonated water in order to remove the residue of the resin 134_1a. Since the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b have relatively high resistance to the developing solution and carbonated water, damage to the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b can be suppressed by performing this removing method. , the lifetime of the light emitting device 150 may be improved.
- a resin 134_2 is applied to the upper part of the laminate shown in FIG. 14B, ie, the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141Bm.
- the resin 134_2 for example, a material that can be applied to the resin 134_1 used in step B3 can be used.
- the resin 134_2 may be the same material as the resin 134_1. Note that in this manufacturing method, the resin 134_2 is assumed to be a positive photoresist.
- the resin layer 132_2 may be cured according to the curing conditions of the resin layer 132_2 (see FIG. 14C).
- baking may be performed to remove the solvent contained in the resin 134_2.
- the temperature of the baking treatment is preferably a temperature that does not thermally damage the previously formed EL layers 141a and 141Bm.
- the thickness of the resin 134_2 is, for example, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more.
- step B9 an exposure process and a development process are performed on the resin 134_2 shown in FIG. 14C.
- the resin 134_2 is a positive photoresist.
- the exposure range of the resin 134_2 is, for example, a range that does not include the regions of the resin 134_2 that overlap with the conductors 121a and 121b.
- the exposure range for the resin 134_2 is, for example, a range including a region of the resin 134_2 that overlaps the conductor 121c.
- an opening reaching the EL layer 141Bm can be formed in the region of the resin 134_2 overlapping the conductor 121c by the subsequent development process (see FIG. 14D).
- the opening formed in step B9 is called a fifth opening.
- the resin 134_2a is formed in the region overlapping the conductor 121c, and the side surface of the opening of the resin 134_2a can be tapered inversely. .
- the laminate shown in FIG. 14D may be baked.
- the temperature of the baking treatment is preferably a temperature that does not thermally damage the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141Bm that are formed in advance.
- step B10 the laminate shown in FIG. 14D is subjected to the removal step JKY2 of the EL layer 141Bm positioned on the bottom surface of the fifth opening (see FIG. 14E). Further, in this step, the EL layer 141Bm overlapping with the conductor 121b is left selectively with the resin 134_1a serving as a mask. Thus, an EL layer 141b is formed in a region overlapping with the conductor 121b, the insulator 112, and the resin 134_2a.
- a method for removing the EL layer 141Bm for example, a method applicable to the removal step JKY1 can be used. Further, for example, the removing process JKY2 may be performed by the same method as the removing process JKY1.
- step B11 an EL layer 141C is formed on the upper portion of the laminate shown in FIG. 14E, that is, on the insulator 112, the conductor 121c, and the resin 134_2a (see FIG. 15A). Note that at this time, the EL layer 141C may be formed in a region not in contact with the resin 134_2a above the EL layer 141a. Similarly, an EL layer 141C may be formed in a region not in contact with the resin 134_2a above the EL layer 141b.
- step B12 the resin 134_2a is removed from the laminate shown in FIG. 15A (see FIG. 15B).
- the resin 134_2a and the EL layer 141C formed on the upper portion of the resin 134_2a are removed, and the EL layer 141C formed on the bottom surface of the fifth opening selectively remains.
- an EL layer 141c is formed in a region overlapping with part of the insulator 112 and the conductor 121c.
- step B7 As for the method for removing the resin 134_2a, the description of the method for removing the resin 134_1a described in step B7 is taken into consideration.
- step B13 conductors 122 are formed over the stack shown in FIG. 15B, that is, over the EL layers 141a, 141b, and 141c (see FIG. 15C).
- the conductor 122 functions, for example, as an upper electrode of a light-emitting device 150a, a light-emitting device 150b, and a light-emitting device 150c, which are included in the display device 100 and will be described later.
- the conductor 122 preferably includes a light-transmitting conductive material in order to emit light emitted from the light-emitting device 150a, the light-emitting device 150b, or the light-emitting device 150c above the display device 100 .
- a material that can be used for the conductors 122a to 122c described above can be used.
- step B14 an insulator 113 is formed on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 15C, that is, on the conductor 122 (see FIG. 15D).
- the insulator 113 functions, for example, as a passivation film (sometimes referred to as a protective layer) that protects the light-emitting devices 150a, 150b, and 150c, which are included in the display device 100, and which will be described later.
- a passivation film sometimes referred to as a protective layer
- a material that can be used for the insulators 113a to 113c can be used.
- step B15 similarly to step A13, a resin layer 161 is applied on the top of the laminate shown in FIG. 15D. After that, the substrate 102 is attached onto the resin layer 161 of the laminate (see FIG. 15E).
- the resin layer 16 for example, a material that can be applied to the resin layer 161 used in step A13 can be used.
- the substrate 102 for example, a substrate that can be applied to the substrate 102 used in step A13 can be used.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention including the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c can be manufactured.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the display device are not limited to the above structures.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a structure in which the display devices manufactured in Steps B1 to B15 are combined with the structures of the display devices illustrated in FIGS. 9A to 12B and the like.
- the manufacturing method of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may be a manufacturing method in which the manufacturing method of Steps B1 to B15 is combined with the steps for forming the display device shown in FIGS. 9A to 12B. .
- the organic EL material included in the display device can be patterned by photolithography. Therefore, the pitch width between pixels (sub-pixels) can be narrowed in the display device. Accordingly, a large number of pixels can be provided in a predetermined size in the display device, so that the resolution of the display device can be increased. Specifically, for example, by the above manufacturing method, a display device having a resolution of preferably 1000 ppi or higher, more preferably 3000 ppi or higher, and further preferably 5000 ppi or higher can be realized. Further, by narrowing the pitch width, it is possible to realize a display device with a high aperture ratio compared to the case of using a shadow mask such as a metal mask.
- the light-emitting layers of the adjacent light-emitting devices are not in contact with each other. occurrence (also referred to as crosstalk) can be suitably prevented. Therefore, the contrast can be increased, and a display device with high display quality can be realized.
- the display device manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method has an SBS structure, power consumption for operation of the display device can be kept low.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, and 16:10.
- the shape of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the display device can have various shapes such as rectangular, polygonal (for example, octagonal), circular, and elliptical.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are examples of a configuration example of an OS transistor that can be provided in the display device of the above embodiment. Note that FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional view of the OS transistor in the channel length direction, and FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the OS transistor in the channel width direction.
- a transistor 500 that is an OS transistor is provided over an insulator 512 as an example.
- the insulator 512 preferably uses a substance that has barrier properties against oxygen and hydrogen.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, or the like may be used.
- the insulator 512 may have a function as a planarization film that planarizes steps caused by circuit elements, wiring, and the like provided below the insulator 512 .
- the top surface of the insulator 512 may be planarized by a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like to improve planarity.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- insulators 514 and 516 are formed on the insulator 512 .
- the insulator 514 is a film having barrier properties such that hydrogen and impurities do not diffuse from the substrate 101 or a region below the insulator 512 where a circuit element or the like is provided to a region where the transistor 500 is provided. is preferably used. Therefore, silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used for the insulator 514, for example.
- Silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used as an example of a film having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- the transistor 500 which is an OS transistor
- the characteristics of the OS transistor may deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film that suppresses diffusion of hydrogen between the OS transistor and the substrate 101 or a circuit element formed over the substrate 101 .
- the film that suppresses diffusion of hydrogen is a film from which the amount of desorption of hydrogen is small.
- the desorption amount of hydrogen can be analyzed using, for example, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS).
- TDS thermal desorption spectroscopy
- the amount of hydrogen released from the insulator 514 is the amount of hydrogen atoms released per area of the insulator 514 at a film surface temperature in the range of 50° C. to 500° C. in TDS analysis. , 10 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less.
- the insulator 516 for example, a material similar to that of the insulator 512 can be used.
- the transistor 500 includes an insulator 516 on the insulator 514 and a conductor 503 (a conductor 503a and a conductor 503a) arranged so as to be embedded in the insulator 514 or the insulator 516.
- insulator 503b insulator 522 over insulator 516 and over conductor 503, insulator 524 over insulator 522, oxide 530a over insulator 524, and oxide 530b over oxide 530a , conductor 542a over oxide 530b, insulator 571a over conductor 542a, conductor 542b over oxide 530b, insulator 571b over conductor 542b, and insulator 552 over oxide 530b.
- insulator 550 over insulator 552, insulator 554 over insulator 550, and conductor 560 (conductor 560a and conductor 560b) overlying insulator 554 and overlapping part of oxide 530b.
- the insulator 552 includes the top surface of the insulator 522, the side surfaces of the insulator 524, the side surfaces of the oxide 530a, the side surfaces and top surface of the oxide 530b, and the conductor 542 (the conductive material).
- the top surface of the conductor 560 is arranged so that the top surface of the insulator 554 , the top surface of the insulator 550 , the top surface of the insulator 552 , and the top surface of the insulator 580 are substantially flush with each other.
- the insulator 574 is in contact with at least part of the top surface of the conductor 560 , the top surface of the insulator 552 , the top surface of the insulator 550 , the top surface of the insulator 554 , and the top surface of the insulator 580 .
- the insulator 580 and the insulator 544 are provided with openings reaching the oxide 530b.
- An insulator 552, an insulator 550, an insulator 554, and a conductor 560 are placed in the opening.
- a conductor 560, an insulator 552, an insulator 550, and an insulator 554 are provided between the insulator 571a and the conductor 542a and the insulator 571b and the conductor 542b. is provided.
- the insulator 554 has a region in contact with the side surface of the conductor 560 and a region in contact with the bottom surface of the conductor 560 .
- the oxide 530 preferably has an oxide 530a overlying the insulator 524 and an oxide 530b overlying the oxide 530a.
- the transistor 500 has a structure in which the oxide 530 has two layers of the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the transistor 500 can have a single layer structure of the oxide 530b or a stacked structure of three or more layers.
- each of the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b can have a layered structure.
- the conductor 560 functions as a first gate (also called top gate) electrode, and the conductor 503 functions as a second gate (also called back gate) electrode.
- insulators 552, 550, and 554 function as a first gate insulator, and insulators 522 and 524 function as a second gate insulator.
- the gate insulator is sometimes called a gate insulating layer or a gate insulating film.
- the conductor 542a functions as one of the source and the drain, and the conductor 542b functions as the other of the source and the drain. At least part of the region of the oxide 530 overlapping with the conductor 560 functions as a channel formation region.
- FIG. 17A shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of the channel forming region in FIG. 16A.
- the oxide 530b includes a region 530bc functioning as a channel formation region of the transistor 500, and regions 530ba and 530bb functioning as a source region or a drain region and provided to sandwich the region 530bc.
- the region 530bc overlaps with the conductor 560 .
- the region 530bc is provided in a region between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the region 530ba is provided to overlap with the conductor 542a
- the region 530bb is provided to overlap with the conductor 542b.
- the region 530bc functioning as a channel formation region has more oxygen vacancies (in this specification and the like, oxygen vacancies in metal oxide may be referred to as V 2 O (oxygen vacancy)) than the regions 530ba and 530bb. It is a high-resistance region with a low carrier concentration because it has a low concentration of impurities. Thus, region 530bc can be said to be i-type (intrinsic) or substantially i-type.
- V 0 In a transistor using a metal oxide, if impurities or oxygen vacancies (V 0 ) are present in a region where a channel is formed in the metal oxide, electrical characteristics are likely to fluctuate and reliability may be degraded.
- hydrogen in the vicinity of the oxygen vacancy (V 0 ) forms a defect (hereinafter sometimes referred to as V OH ) in which hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancy (V 0 ), and generates electrons that serve as carriers.
- V OH defect
- oxygen vacancies are included in the region where the channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor, the transistor has normally-on characteristics (the channel exists even if no voltage is applied to the gate electrode, and current flows through the transistor). flow characteristics). Therefore, impurities, oxygen vacancies, and VOH are preferably reduced as much as possible in a region where a channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor.
- the region 530ba and the region 530bb functioning as a source region or a drain region have a large amount of oxygen vacancies ( V.sub.2O.sub.3 ) or a high concentration of impurities such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and metal elements, so that the carrier concentration increases and the resistance is low. It is an area that has become That is, the regions 530ba and 530bb are n-type regions having a higher carrier concentration and a lower resistance than the region 530bc.
- the carrier concentration of the region 530bc functioning as a channel formation region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 , and 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm It is more preferably less than ⁇ 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 , even more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the lower limit of the carrier concentration of the region 530bc functioning as a channel formation region is not particularly limited, but can be set to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 , for example.
- the carrier concentration is equal to or lower than the carrier concentration of the region 530ba and the region 530bb, and equal to or higher than the carrier concentration of the region 530bc.
- a region may be formed. That is, the region functions as a junction region between the region 530bc and the region 530ba or the region 530bb.
- the bonding region may have a hydrogen concentration equal to or lower than that of the regions 530ba and 530bb and equal to or higher than that of the region 530bc.
- the bonding region may have oxygen vacancies equal to or less than those of the regions 530ba and 530bb and equal to or greater than those of the region 530bc.
- FIG. 17A shows an example in which the regions 530ba, 530bb, and 530bc are formed in the oxide 530b, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- each of the above regions may be formed up to oxide 530a as well as oxide 530b.
- the concentrations of metal elements and impurity elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen detected in each region are not limited to stepwise changes for each region, and may change continuously within each region. In other words, the closer the region is to the channel formation region, the lower the concentrations of the metal elements and the impurity elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen.
- a metal oxide functioning as a semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is preferably used for the oxide 530 (the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b) including a channel formation region.
- a metal oxide that functions as a semiconductor and has a bandgap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- an In-M-Zn oxide containing indium, element M and zinc (element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium , zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium).
- element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium , zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium.
- an In--Ga oxide, an In--Zn oxide, or an indium oxide may be used.
- the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a.
- the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b have a common element (as a main component) other than oxygen, the defect level density at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b can be reduced. Since the defect level density at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b can be reduced, the effect of interface scattering on carrier conduction is small, and a high on-current can be obtained.
- the oxide 530b preferably has crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS c-axis aligned crystal oxide semiconductor
- CAAC-OS is a metal oxide that has a dense structure with high crystallinity and has few impurities and defects (for example, oxygen vacancies (VO).
- VO oxygen vacancies
- CAAC-OS it is difficult to confirm a clear grain boundary, so it can be said that the decrease in electron mobility caused by the grain boundary is less likely to occur. Therefore, metal oxides with CAAC-OS have stable physical properties. Therefore, a metal oxide including CAAC-OS is heat resistant and highly reliable.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor if impurities and oxygen vacancies are present in a region where a channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor, electrical characteristics are likely to vary, and reliability may be degraded.
- hydrogen in the vicinity of oxygen vacancies may form defects in which hydrogen enters oxygen vacancies (hereinafter sometimes referred to as VOH) to generate electrons serving as carriers. Therefore, if oxygen vacancies are included in the region where the channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor, the transistor has normally-on characteristics (the channel exists even if no voltage is applied to the gate electrode, and current flows through the transistor). flow characteristics). Therefore, impurities, oxygen vacancies, and VOH are preferably reduced as much as possible in a region where a channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor. In other words, the region in which the channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor preferably has a reduced carrier concentration and is i-type (intrinsic) or substantially i-type.
- an insulator containing oxygen that is released by heating (hereinafter sometimes referred to as excess oxygen) is provided in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor, and heat treatment is performed to remove the oxide semiconductor from the insulator.
- excess oxygen oxygen that is released by heating
- the on-state current or the field-effect mobility of the transistor 500 might decrease.
- variations in the amount of oxygen supplied to the source region or the drain region within the substrate surface cause variations in the characteristics of the semiconductor device having transistors.
- the region 530bc functioning as a channel formation region preferably has a reduced carrier concentration and is i-type or substantially i-type.
- Region 530bb has a high carrier concentration and is preferably n-type. In other words, it is preferable to reduce oxygen vacancies and VOH in the region 530bc of the oxide semiconductor, and to prevent an excessive amount of oxygen from being supplied to the regions 530ba and 530bb .
- microwave treatment is performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen with the conductors 542a and 542b provided over the oxide 530b, so that oxygen vacancies in the region 530bc and V OH are reduced.
- the microwave treatment refers to treatment using an apparatus having a power supply for generating high-density plasma using microwaves, for example.
- oxygen gas By performing microwave treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen, oxygen gas can be converted into plasma using microwaves or high frequencies such as RF, and the oxygen plasma can act. At this time, the region 530bc can also be irradiated with microwaves or high frequencies such as RF.
- V OH in the region 530bc can be divided, hydrogen H can be removed from the region 530bc, and oxygen vacancies V 2 O can be compensated with oxygen. That is, in the region 530bc, a reaction of “V OH ⁇ H+V 2 O ” occurs, and the hydrogen concentration in the region 530bc can be reduced. Therefore, oxygen vacancies and VOH in the region 530bc can be reduced, and the carrier concentration can be lowered.
- the effects of microwaves, high frequencies such as RF, oxygen plasma, etc. are shielded by the conductors 542a and 542b and do not reach the regions 530ba and 530bb.
- the effect of oxygen plasma can be reduced by insulators 571 and 580 provided over oxide 530b, conductor 542a, and conductor 542b.
- VOH is reduced and an excessive amount of oxygen is not supplied in the regions 530ba and 530bb during the microwave treatment, so that a decrease in carrier concentration can be prevented.
- microwave treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- oxygen can be efficiently injected into the region 530bc.
- the insulator 552 so as to be in contact with the side surfaces of the conductors 542a and 542b and the surface of the region 530bc, injection of more than a necessary amount of oxygen into the region 530bc is suppressed. Oxidation of each side surface of the conductor 542b can be suppressed.
- oxidation of the side surfaces of the conductors 542a and 542b can be suppressed when the insulating film to be the insulator 550 is formed.
- the oxygen injected into the region 530bc has various forms such as oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and oxygen radicals (also called O radicals, atoms or molecules having unpaired electrons, or ions).
- the oxygen injected into the region 530bc is preferably one or more of the forms described above, and is particularly preferably oxygen radicals.
- the film quality of the insulator 552 and the insulator 550 can be improved, the reliability of the transistor 500 is improved.
- oxygen vacancies and V OH can be selectively removed from the oxide semiconductor region 530bc to make the region 530bc i-type or substantially i-type. Furthermore, excessive supply of oxygen to the regions 530ba and 530bb functioning as the source region or the drain region can be suppressed, and the state of the n-type region before the microwave treatment can be maintained. Accordingly, variations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 500 can be suppressed, and variation in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 500 within the substrate surface can be reduced.
- a curved surface may be provided between the side surface of the oxide 530b and the top surface of the oxide 530b. That is, the end of the side surface and the end of the upper surface may be curved (hereinafter also referred to as round shape).
- the radius of curvature of the curved surface is greater than 0 nm and smaller than the film thickness of the oxide 530b in the region overlapping the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b, or more than half the length of the region without the curved surface. Small is preferred. Specifically, the radius of curvature of the curved surface is greater than 0 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 15 nm, and more preferably greater than or equal to 2 nm and less than or equal to 10 nm. With such a shape, coverage of the oxide 530b with the insulator 552, the insulator 550, the insulator 554, and the conductor 560 can be improved.
- the oxide 530 preferably has a laminated structure of multiple oxide layers with different chemical compositions.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to the metal element as the main component is such that the atomic ratio of the element M to the metal element as the main component in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b is It is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to In is preferably higher than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b.
- the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b is preferably higher than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a.
- the oxide 530b is preferably a crystalline oxide such as CAAC-OS.
- a crystalline oxide such as CAAC-OS has a dense structure with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies) and high crystallinity. Therefore, extraction of oxygen from the oxide 530b by the source electrode or the drain electrode can be suppressed. Accordingly, extraction of oxygen from the oxide 530b can be reduced even if heat treatment is performed, so that the transistor 500 is stable against high temperatures (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process.
- the bottom of the conduction band changes gently.
- the bottom of the conduction band at the junction between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b continuously changes or is continuously joined.
- the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b have a common element other than oxygen as a main component, so that a mixed layer with a low defect level density can be formed.
- the oxide 530b is an In-M-Zn oxide
- the oxide 530a may be an In-M-Zn oxide, an M-Zn oxide, an oxide of the element M, an In-Zn oxide, or an indium oxide. etc. may be used.
- a metal oxide of the composition may be used.
- the neighboring composition includes a range of ⁇ 30% of the desired atomic number ratio.
- the element M it is preferable to use gallium.
- the above atomic ratio is not limited to the atomic ratio of the deposited metal oxide, and the atomic ratio of the sputtering target used for the deposition of the metal oxide. may be
- the interface between the oxide 530 and the insulator 552 and its vicinity can be Indium contained in the oxide 530 may be unevenly distributed.
- the vicinity of the surface of the oxide 530 has an atomic ratio close to that of indium oxide or an atomic ratio close to that of In—Zn oxide.
- the defect level density at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b can be reduced. Therefore, the influence of interface scattering on carrier conduction is reduced, and the transistor 500 can obtain a large on-current and high frequency characteristics.
- At least one of the insulator 512 , the insulator 514 , the insulator 544 , the insulator 571 , the insulator 574 , the insulator 576 , and the insulator 581 has an impurity such as water or hydrogen from the substrate side or the transistor 500 . It preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that suppresses diffusion into the transistor 500 from above.
- At least one of the insulators 512, 514, 544, 571, 574, 576, and 581 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, It is preferable to use an insulating material that has a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as nitrogen oxide molecules (N 2 O, NO, NO 2 , etc.) and copper atoms (thus, the above impurities hardly permeate). Alternatively, it is preferable to use an insulating material that has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like) (the oxygen hardly permeates).
- the insulators 512, 514, 544, 571, 574, 576, and 581 are insulators having a function of suppressing diffusion of water, impurities such as hydrogen, and oxygen. is preferably used, and for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used.
- the insulator 512, the insulator 544, and the insulator 576 are preferably made of silicon nitride or the like, which has a higher hydrogen barrier property.
- the insulator 514, the insulator 571, the insulator 574, and the insulator 581 are preferably made of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, or the like, which has high functions of capturing and fixing hydrogen.
- impurities such as water and hydrogen can be prevented from diffusing from the substrate side to the transistor 500 side through the insulators 512 and 514 .
- impurities such as water and hydrogen can be prevented from diffusing to the transistor 500 side from the interlayer insulating film or the like provided outside the insulator 581 .
- oxygen contained in the insulator 524 or the like can be prevented from diffusing to the substrate side through the insulators 512 and 514 .
- oxygen contained in the insulator 580 or the like can be prevented from diffusing above the transistor 500 through the insulator 574 or the like.
- the transistor 500 is formed of the insulators 512, 514, 571, 544, 574, 576, and 576, which have a function of suppressing diffusion of water, impurities such as hydrogen, and oxygen.
- a structure surrounded by an insulator 581 is preferable.
- the insulators 512, 514, 544, 571, 574, 576, and 581 are preferably formed using an oxide having an amorphous structure.
- metal oxides such as AlO x (x is any number greater than 0) or MgO y (y is any number greater than 0).
- Oxygen atoms in metal oxides having such an amorphous structure have dangling bonds, and the dangling bonds sometimes have the property of capturing or fixing hydrogen.
- hydrogen contained in the transistor 500 or hydrogen existing around the transistor 500 is captured or fixed. be able to.
- the transistor 500 it is preferable to capture or fix hydrogen contained in the channel formation region of the transistor 500 .
- a metal oxide having an amorphous structure as a component of the transistor 500 or providing it around the transistor 500, the transistor 500 and the semiconductor device with favorable characteristics and high reliability can be manufactured.
- the insulator 512, the insulator 514, the insulator 544, the insulator 571, the insulator 574, the insulator 576, and the insulator 581 preferably have an amorphous structure, but some regions have a polycrystalline structure. may be formed.
- the insulator 512, the insulator 514, the insulator 544, the insulator 571, the insulator 574, the insulator 576, and the insulator 581 are multilayers in which an amorphous layer and a polycrystalline layer are stacked. It may be a structure. For example, a laminated structure in which a layer of polycrystalline structure is formed on a layer of amorphous structure may be used.
- the insulators 512, 514, 544, 571, 574, 576, and 581 may be deposited by sputtering, for example.
- the sputtering method does not require the use of molecules containing hydrogen in the deposition gas; can be reduced.
- the film formation method is not limited to the sputtering method, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, pulse laser deposition (PLD) method, atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, etc. You may use it suitably.
- insulator 512, insulator 544, and insulator 576 it may be preferable to reduce the resistivity of insulator 512, insulator 544, and insulator 576.
- FIG. For example, by setting the resistivity of the insulator 512, the insulator 544, and the insulator 576 to approximately 1 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ cm, the insulator 512, the insulator 544, and the insulator 544, and the insulator 544 and the insulator 544 can be The insulator 576 can reduce charge-up of the conductor 503, the conductor 542a, the conductor 542b, the conductor 560, and the like in some cases.
- Each of the insulator 512, the insulator 544, and the insulator 576 preferably has a resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm or more and 1 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ cm or less.
- the insulator 516, the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 581 preferably have a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 514.
- the parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced.
- the insulator 516, the insulator 580, and the insulator 581 include silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, and vacancies. Silicon oxide or the like may be used as appropriate.
- the insulator 581 is preferably an insulator that functions as an interlayer film, a planarization film, or the like.
- the conductor 503 is arranged so as to overlap with the oxide 530 and the conductor 560 .
- the conductor 503 is preferably embedded in an opening formed in the insulator 516 .
- part of the conductor 503 is embedded in the insulator 514 in some cases.
- the conductor 503 has a conductor 503a and a conductor 503b.
- the conductor 503a is provided in contact with the bottom and side walls of the opening.
- the conductor 503b is provided so as to be embedded in a recess formed in the conductor 503a.
- the height of the top of the conductor 503b approximately matches the height of the top of the conductor 503a and the height of the top of the insulator 516 .
- the conductor 503a has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (such as N 2 O, NO, NO 2 ), and copper atoms. It is preferable to use a conductive material having a Alternatively, a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) is preferably used.
- a conductive material having a function of reducing diffusion of hydrogen for the conductor 503a By using a conductive material having a function of reducing diffusion of hydrogen for the conductor 503a, impurities such as hydrogen contained in the conductor 503b are prevented from diffusing into the oxide 530 through the insulator 524 or the like. can be prevented. Further, by using a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen for the conductor 503a, it is possible to suppress oxidation of the conductor 503b and a decrease in conductivity. As the conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen, titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like is preferably used, for example. Therefore, as the conductor 503a, a single layer or a laminate of the above conductive materials may be used. For example, titanium nitride may be used for the conductor 503a.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component is preferably used for the conductor 503b.
- tungsten may be used for the conductor 503b.
- the conductor 503 may function as a second gate electrode.
- the potential applied to the conductor 503 is changed independently of the potential applied to the conductor 560, so that the threshold voltage (Vth) of the transistor 500 can be controlled.
- Vth threshold voltage
- Vth of the transistor 500 can be increased and off-state current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 503, the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 560 is 0 V can be made smaller than when no potential is applied.
- the transistor 500 is normally operated without applying a potential to the conductor 503 and/or the conductor 560 . Turning off (making the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 higher than 0 V) can be expected in some cases. In this case, it is preferable to connect the conductor 560 and the conductor 503 so that they are given the same potential.
- the electric resistivity of the conductor 503 is designed in consideration of the potential applied to the conductor 503, and the film thickness of the conductor 503 is set according to the electric resistivity.
- the thickness of the insulator 516 is almost the same as that of the conductor 503 .
- the absolute amount of impurities such as hydrogen contained in the insulator 516 can be reduced; .
- the conductor 503 is preferably provided to be larger than a region of the oxide 530 that does not overlap with the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b when viewed from above.
- the conductor 503 preferably extends also in regions outside the ends of the oxides 530a and 530b in the channel width direction.
- the conductor 503 and the conductor 560 preferably overlap with each other with an insulator interposed therebetween on the outside of the side surface of the oxide 530 in the channel width direction.
- the electric field of the conductor 560 functioning as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 503 functioning as the second gate electrode electrically surround the channel formation region of the oxide 530 .
- a transistor structure in which a channel formation region is electrically surrounded by electric fields of a first gate and a second gate is referred to as a surrounded channel (S-channel) structure.
- a transistor with an S-channel structure represents a transistor structure in which a channel formation region is electrically surrounded by electric fields of one and the other of a pair of gate electrodes.
- the S-channel structure disclosed in this specification and the like is different from the Fin type structure and the planar type structure.
- the transistor can have increased resistance to the short channel effect, in other words, a transistor in which the short channel effect is less likely to occur.
- the transistor 500 When the transistor 500 is normally off and has the above S-channel structure, the channel formation region can be electrically surrounded. Therefore, the transistor 500 can also be regarded as having a GAA (Gate All Around) structure or an LGAA (Lateral Gate All Around) structure.
- a channel formation region formed at or near the interface between the oxide 530 and the gate insulating film is the entire bulk of the oxide 530. be able to.
- a so-called bulk-flow type in which a carrier path is used as the entire bulk can be obtained.
- the bulk-flow transistor structure With the bulk-flow transistor structure, the density of the current flowing through the transistor can be increased; therefore, an increase in the on current of the transistor or an increase in the field-effect mobility of the transistor can be expected.
- the conductor 503 is extended to function as wiring.
- a structure in which a conductor functioning as a wiring is provided under the conductor 503 may be employed.
- one conductor 503 is not necessarily provided for each transistor.
- the conductor 503 may be shared by a plurality of transistors.
- the transistor 500 has a structure in which the conductor 503a and the conductor 503b are stacked as the conductor 503, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 503 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- the insulator 522 and the insulator 524 function as gate insulators.
- the insulator 522 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of hydrogen (eg, at least one of hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, etc.). Further, the insulator 522 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like). For example, the insulator 522 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of one or both of hydrogen and oxygen more than the insulator 524 does.
- an insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium, which are insulating materials, is preferably used.
- aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like is preferably used.
- the insulator 522 releases oxygen from the oxide 530 to the substrate side and diffuses impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 500 to the oxide 530. , and functions as a layer that suppresses .
- the conductor 503 can be prevented from reacting with oxygen contained in the insulator 524 or the oxide 530 .
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to the insulator.
- these insulators may be nitrided.
- the insulator 522 may be formed by stacking silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride over any of these insulators.
- the insulator 522 may be a single layer or a stacked layer of insulators containing so-called high-k materials such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- high-k materials such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- thinning of gate insulators may cause problems such as leakage current.
- the gate potential during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- a substance with a high dielectric constant such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 (BST) can be used in some cases.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like may be used as appropriate.
- heat treatment is preferably performed with the surface of the oxide 530 exposed during the manufacturing process of the transistor 500 .
- the heat treatment may be performed at, for example, 100° C. to 600° C., more preferably 350° C. to 550° C.
- the heat treatment is performed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of an oxidizing gas.
- heat treatment is preferably performed in an oxygen atmosphere. Accordingly, oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 530 to reduce oxygen vacancies (V 0 ).
- the heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of an oxidizing gas in order to compensate for desorbed oxygen after the heat treatment is performed in a nitrogen gas or inert gas atmosphere. good.
- heat treatment may be continuously performed in a nitrogen gas or inert gas atmosphere.
- oxygen vacancies in the oxide 530 can be repaired by the supplied oxygen, in other words, the reaction “V 2 O +O ⁇ null” can be promoted.
- the supplied oxygen reacts with the hydrogen remaining in the oxide 530, so that the hydrogen can be removed as H 2 O (dehydrated). Accordingly, hydrogen remaining in the oxide 530 can be suppressed from being recombined with oxygen vacancies to form VOH.
- the insulator 522 and the insulator 524 may have a stacked structure of two or more layers. In that case, it is not limited to a laminated structure made of the same material, and a laminated structure made of different materials may be used. Alternatively, the insulator 524 may be formed in an island shape so as to overlap with the oxide 530a. In this case, the insulator 544 is in contact with the side surface of the insulator 524 and the top surface of the insulator 522 .
- a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b are provided in contact with the top surface of the oxide 530b.
- the conductors 542a and 542b function as the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 500, respectively.
- Examples of the conductor 542 include nitride containing tantalum, nitride containing titanium, nitride containing molybdenum, nitride containing tungsten, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, It is preferable to use a nitride or the like containing titanium and aluminum. In one aspect of the present invention, nitrides containing tantalum are particularly preferred. Alternatively, for example, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, or the like may be used. These materials are preferable because they are conductive materials that are difficult to oxidize or materials that maintain conductivity even after absorbing oxygen.
- hydrogen contained in the oxide 530b or the like might diffuse into the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b.
- hydrogen contained in the oxide 530b or the like easily diffuses into the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b, and the diffused hydrogen It may bond with nitrogen contained in 542a or the conductor 542b. That is, hydrogen contained in the oxide 530b or the like might be absorbed by the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b.
- no curved surface is formed between the side surface of the conductor 542 and the upper surface of the conductor 542 .
- the cross-sectional area of the conductor 542 in the channel width direction can be increased. Accordingly, the conductivity of the conductor 542 can be increased, and the on current of the transistor 500 can be increased.
- the insulator 571a is provided in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 542a, and the insulator 571b is provided in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 542b.
- the insulator 571 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film against at least oxygen. Therefore, the insulator 571 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen. For example, the insulator 571 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen more than the insulator 580 does.
- a nitride containing silicon such as silicon nitride may be used, for example. Further, the insulator 571 preferably has a function of trapping impurities such as hydrogen.
- an insulator such as a metal oxide having an amorphous structure such as aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide may be used as the insulator 571 .
- a metal oxide having an amorphous structure such as aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide
- the insulator 544 is provided so as to cover the insulator 524, the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, the conductor 542, and the insulator 571.
- the insulator 544 preferably has a function of trapping hydrogen and fixing hydrogen.
- the insulator 544 preferably contains an insulator such as silicon nitride or a metal oxide having an amorphous structure, such as aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide.
- the insulator 544 may be a stacked film of aluminum oxide and silicon nitride over the aluminum oxide.
- the conductor 542 can be wrapped with an insulator having a barrier property against oxygen.
- oxygen contained in the insulators 524 and 580 can be prevented from diffusing into the conductor 542 . Accordingly, oxygen contained in the insulator 524 and the insulator 580 can suppress direct oxidation of the conductor 542 to increase the resistivity and reduce the on-current.
- the insulator 552 functions as part of the gate insulator.
- a barrier insulating film against oxygen is preferably used.
- any of the insulators that can be used for the insulator 574 may be used.
- an insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium is preferably used.
- aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), an oxide containing hafnium and silicon (hafnium silicate), or the like can be used.
- aluminum oxide is used as the insulator 552 .
- the insulator 552 is an insulator containing at least oxygen and aluminum.
- the insulator 552 is provided in contact with the top and side surfaces of the oxide 530b, the side surfaces of the oxide 530a, the side surfaces of the insulator 524, and the top surface of the insulator 522, as shown in FIG. 16B. That is, regions of the oxides 530a and 530b, and the insulator 524 overlapping with the conductor 560 are covered with the insulator 552 in the cross section in the channel width direction.
- the insulator 552 having a barrier property against oxygen can block oxygen from being released from the oxides 530a and 530b when heat treatment or the like is performed. Therefore, formation of oxygen vacancies (Vo) in the oxides 530a and 530b can be reduced. Thereby, oxygen vacancies (Vo) and VOH formed in the region 530bc can be reduced. Therefore, the electrical characteristics of the transistor 500 can be improved and the reliability can be improved.
- the insulator 580, the insulator 550, and the like contain an excessive amount of oxygen, excessive supply of the oxygen to the oxides 530a and 530b can be suppressed. Therefore, excessive oxidation of the regions 530ba and 530bb through the region 530bc can be suppressed from lowering the on current of the transistor 500 or lowering the field effect mobility.
- the insulator 552 is provided in contact with the side surfaces of the conductor 542, the insulator 544, the insulator 571, and the insulator 580, respectively. Therefore, the side surfaces of the conductor 542 are oxidized and formation of an oxide film on the side surfaces can be reduced. Accordingly, a decrease in on-state current or a decrease in field-effect mobility of the transistor 500 can be suppressed.
- the insulator 552, along with the insulator 554, the insulator 550, and the conductor 560, must be provided in an opening formed in the insulator 580 or the like.
- the thickness of the insulator 552 is preferably thin.
- the thickness of the insulator 552 is preferably 0.1 nm or more, 0.5 nm or more, or 1.0 nm or more, and is preferably 1.0 nm or less, 3.0 nm or less, or 5.0 nm or less. .
- the lower limit value and the upper limit value described above can be combined.
- at least part of the insulator 552 may have a region with the above thickness.
- the thickness of the insulator 552 is preferably thinner than that of the insulator 550 . In this case, at least part of the insulator 552 may have a region thinner than that of the insulator 550 .
- the ALD process alternates between a first source gas (also called a precursor, precursor, or metal precursor) and a second source gas (also called a reactant, reactant, oxidant, or non-metal precursor) for the reaction.
- a film is formed by introducing into a chamber and repeating the introduction of these source gases.
- the ALD method includes a thermal ALD method in which a precursor and a reactant react with only thermal energy, a PEALD (Plasma Enhanced ALD) method using a plasma-excited reactant, and the like.
- PEALD Pulsma Enhanced ALD
- film formation can be performed at a lower temperature by using plasma, which is preferable in some cases.
- the ALD method makes use of the self-limiting nature of atoms, and can deposit atoms layer by layer. It is possible to form a film with few defects, to form a film with excellent coverage, and to form a film at a low temperature. Therefore, the insulator 552 can be formed with a thin film thickness as described above with good coverage on the side surfaces of the opening formed in the insulator 580 or the like.
- a film formed by the ALD method may contain more impurities such as carbon than films formed by other film formation methods.
- the impurity can be quantified using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- the insulator 550 functions as part of the gate insulator. Insulator 550 is preferably placed in contact with the top surface of insulator 552 .
- the insulator 550 is formed using silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, silicon oxide with holes, or the like. can be used. In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable against heat. In this case, the insulator 550 is an insulator containing at least oxygen and silicon.
- the insulator 550 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen.
- the thickness of the insulator 550 preferably has a lower limit of 1 nm or 0.5 nm and an upper limit of 15 nm or 20 nm. It should be noted that the lower limit value and the upper limit value described above can be combined.
- the thickness of the insulator 550 is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 20 nm or less, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 15 nm or less. In this case, at least part of the insulator 550 may have a region with the thickness as described above.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B show a structure in which the insulator 550 is a single layer
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the insulator 550 may have a two-layer laminated structure of an insulator 550a and an insulator 550b on the insulator 550a.
- the lower insulator 550a is formed using an insulator through which oxygen easily permeates
- the upper insulator 550b is formed using an insulator through which oxygen diffuses.
- the insulator 550a is preferably formed using the material that can be used for the insulator 550, and the insulator 550b is preferably an insulator containing oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium.
- the insulator aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), an oxide containing hafnium and silicon (hafnium silicate), or the like can be used.
- hafnium oxide is used as the insulator 550b.
- the insulator 550b is an insulator containing at least oxygen and hafnium.
- the thickness of the insulator 550b is preferably 0.5 nm or more, or 1.0 nm or more, and is preferably 3.0 nm or less, or 5.0 nm or less. It should be noted that the lower limit value and the upper limit value described above can be combined. In this case, at least part of the insulator 550b may have a region with the thickness as described above.
- an insulating material that is a high-k material with a high dielectric constant may be used for the insulator 550b.
- the gate insulator has a stacked structure of the insulator 550a and the insulator 550b, the stacked structure can be stable against heat and have a high relative dielectric constant. Therefore, the gate potential applied during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness of the gate insulator. Also, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the insulator that functions as the gate insulator can be reduced. Therefore, the withstand voltage of the insulator 550 can be increased.
- EOT equivalent oxide thickness
- the insulator 554 functions as part of the gate insulator.
- a barrier insulating film against hydrogen is preferably used. Accordingly, impurities such as hydrogen contained in the conductor 560 can be prevented from diffusing into the insulator 550 and the oxide 530b.
- an insulator that can be used for the insulator 576 described above may be used.
- silicon nitride deposited by a PEALD method may be used as the insulator 554 .
- the insulator 554 is an insulator containing at least nitrogen and silicon.
- the insulator 554 may further have a barrier property against oxygen. Accordingly, diffusion of oxygen contained in the insulator 550 to the conductor 560 can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the insulator 554 is preferably thin.
- the thickness of the insulator 554 is preferably 0.1 nm or more, 0.5 nm or more, or 1.0 nm or more, and is preferably 3.0 nm or less, or 5.0 nm or less. It should be noted that the lower limit value and the upper limit value described above can be combined. In this case, at least part of the insulator 554 may have a region with the thickness as described above. Further, the thickness of the insulator 554 is preferably thinner than that of the insulator 550 . In this case, at least part of the insulator 554 may have a region thinner than the insulator 550 .
- a conductor 560 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 500 .
- Conductor 560 preferably has conductor 560a and conductor 560b disposed over conductor 560a.
- conductor 560a is preferably arranged to wrap the bottom and side surfaces of conductor 560b.
- the height position of the upper surface of the conductor 560 substantially matches the height position of the upper surface of the insulator 550 .
- the conductor 560 has a two-layer structure of the conductor 560a and the conductor 560b, but the conductor 560 has a single-layer structure or a three-layer structure other than the two-layer structure.
- a laminated structure of more than one layer can be employed.
- the conductor 560a preferably uses a conductive material that has a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules, and copper atoms.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen eg, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules is preferably used.
- the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen
- oxygen contained in the insulator 550 can suppress oxidation of the conductor 560b and a decrease in conductivity.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like is preferably used, for example.
- the conductor 560 since the conductor 560 also functions as a wiring, a conductor with high conductivity is preferably used.
- the conductor 560b can use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component.
- the conductor 560b can have a laminated structure.
- the conductor 560b can have a laminated structure of titanium or titanium nitride and any of the above conductive materials.
- the conductor 560 is formed in a self-aligned manner so as to fill an opening formed in the insulator 580 or the like. By forming the conductor 560 in this manner, the conductor 560 can be reliably placed in the region between the conductors 542a and 542b without being aligned.
- the height of the bottom surface of the region of the conductor 560 where the conductor 560 and the oxide 530b do not overlap with each other is based on the bottom surface of the insulator 522 in the channel width direction of the transistor 500.
- the height is preferably less than the height of the bottom surface of oxide 530b.
- the conductor 560 functioning as a gate electrode covers the side surface and the top surface of the channel formation region of the oxide 530b with the insulator 550 or the like interposed therebetween. Easier to work on the whole. Therefore, the on current of the transistor 500 can be increased and the frequency characteristics can be improved.
- the insulator 580 is provided over the insulator 544, and openings are formed in regions where the insulator 550 and the conductor 560 are provided. Moreover, the upper surface of the insulator 580 may be planarized.
- the insulator 580 functioning as an interlayer film preferably has a low dielectric constant. By using a material with a low dielectric constant as the interlayer film, the parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced.
- the insulator 580 is preferably provided using a material similar to that of the insulator 516, for example.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- a material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon oxide having vacancies is preferable because a region containing oxygen that is released by heating can be easily formed.
- the insulator 580 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 580 .
- impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 580 .
- an oxide containing silicon such as silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride may be used as appropriate for the insulator 580 .
- the insulator 574 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that suppresses diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen into the insulator 580 from above, and preferably has a function of capturing impurities such as hydrogen. Further, the insulator 574 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that suppresses permeation of oxygen.
- an insulator such as a metal oxide having an amorphous structure, for example, aluminum oxide may be used. In this case, the insulator 574 is an insulator containing at least oxygen and aluminum.
- the insulator 574 having a function of capturing impurities such as hydrogen in contact with the insulator 580 in a region sandwiched between the insulator 512 and the insulator 581, hydrogen and the like contained in the insulator 580 and the like are provided. of impurities can be captured, and the amount of hydrogen in the region can be made constant.
- the insulator 576 functions as a barrier insulating film that suppresses diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen into the insulator 580 from above. Insulator 576 is disposed over insulator 574 .
- a nitride containing silicon such as silicon nitride or silicon nitride oxide is preferably used.
- silicon nitride deposited by a sputtering method may be used as the insulator 576 .
- a high-density silicon nitride film can be formed.
- silicon nitride deposited by a PEALD method or a CVD method may be stacked over silicon nitride deposited by a sputtering method.
- one of the first terminal and the second terminal of the transistor 500 is electrically connected to a conductor 540a functioning as a plug, and the other of the first terminal and the second terminal of the transistor 500 is connected to the conductor 540b. electrically connected.
- the conductor 540a, the conductor 540b, and the like may function as wiring for electrically connecting to the light-emitting device 150 and the like above.
- the conductors 540a, 540b, and the like may be wirings for electrical connection to the transistor 170 and the like.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b are collectively referred to as the conductor 540 in this specification and the like.
- the conductor 540a is provided in a region overlapping the conductor 542a. Specifically, openings are formed in the insulator 571, the insulator 544, the insulator 580, the insulator 574, the insulator 576, and the insulator 581 illustrated in FIG. 16A in a region overlapping with the conductor 542a. , and the conductor 540a is provided inside the opening.
- the conductor 540b is provided in a region overlapping with the conductor 542b.
- an opening is formed in the insulator 571, the insulator 544, the insulator 580, the insulator 574, the insulator 576, and the insulator 581 illustrated in FIG. 16A in a region overlapping with the conductor 542b.
- the conductor 540b is provided inside the opening.
- an insulator 541a may be provided as an insulator having a barrier property against impurities between the side surface of the opening in the region overlapping with the conductor 542a and the conductor 540a.
- an insulator 541b as an insulator having a barrier property against impurities may be provided between the side surface of the opening in the region overlapping with the conductor 542b and the conductor 540b. Note that the insulator 541a and the insulator 541b are collectively referred to as the insulator 541 in this specification and the like.
- the conductors 540a and 540b are preferably made of a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component. Alternatively, the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b may have a laminated structure.
- the insulator 574, the insulator 576, the insulator 581, the insulator 580, the insulator 544, and the first conductor provided near the insulator 571 include:
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water and hydrogen is preferably used.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water and hydrogen may be used in a single layer or stacked layers.
- impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in a layer above the insulator 576 can be prevented from entering the oxide 530 through the conductors 540a and 540b.
- a barrier insulating film that can be used for the insulator 544 or the like may be used as the insulator 541a and the insulator 541b.
- an insulator such as silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, or silicon nitride oxide may be used as the insulators 541a and 541b. Since the insulators 541 a and 541 b are provided in contact with the insulators 574 , 576 , and 571 , impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the insulator 580 and the like interfere with the conductors 540 a and 540 b. can be suppressed from being mixed into the oxide 530 through the In particular, silicon nitride is suitable because it has a high blocking property against hydrogen. In addition, oxygen contained in the insulator 580 can be prevented from being absorbed by the conductors 540a and 540b.
- the first insulator such as the insulator 580 in contact with the inner wall of the opening and the second insulator inside the insulator 580 have a structure against oxygen. It is preferable to use a combination of a barrier insulating film and a barrier insulating film against hydrogen.
- aluminum oxide deposited by the ALD method may be used as the first insulator, and silicon nitride deposited by the PEALD method may be used as the second insulator.
- oxidization of the conductor 540 can be suppressed, and entry of hydrogen into the conductor 540 can be reduced.
- the transistor 500 shows a structure in which the first insulator of the insulator 541 and the second conductor of the insulator 541 are stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulator 541 may be provided as a single layer or a stacked structure of three or more layers.
- the transistor 500 shows the structure in which the first conductor of the conductor 540 and the second conductor of the conductor 540 are stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 540 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- the structure of the transistor included in the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the transistor 500 illustrated in FIGS. 16A and 16B.
- the structure of the transistor included in the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention may be changed according to circumstances.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. Indium and zinc are particularly preferred. In addition to these, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin and the like are preferably contained. In addition, one or more selected from boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, cobalt, etc. may be contained. .
- FIG. 18A is a diagram illustrating classification of crystal structures of oxide semiconductors, typically IGZO (a metal oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn).
- IGZO a metal oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn
- oxide semiconductors are roughly classified into “Amorphous”, “Crystalline”, and “Crystal”.
- Amorphous includes completely amorphous.
- Crystalline includes CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), and CAC (cloud-aligned composite) (excluding single crystal and poly crystal).
- CAAC c-axis-aligned crystalline
- nc nanocrystalline
- CAC cloud-aligned composite
- the classification of “Crystalline” excludes single crystal, poly crystal, and completely amorphous.
- “Crystal” includes single crystal and poly crystal.
- the structure within the thick frame shown in FIG. 18A is an intermediate state between "Amorphous” and “Crystal”, and is a structure belonging to the new crystalline phase. . That is, the structure can be rephrased as a structure completely different from the energetically unstable “Amorphous” and “Crystal”.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- FIG. represented by .
- the GIXD method is also called a thin film method or a Seemann-Bohlin method.
- the XRD spectrum obtained by the GIXD measurement shown in FIG. 18B may be simply referred to as the XRD spectrum.
- the thickness of the CAAC-IGZO film shown in FIG. 18B is 500 nm.
- peaks indicating clear crystallinity are detected in the XRD spectrum of the CAAC-IGZO film.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern) observed by nano beam electron diffraction (NBED).
- a diffraction pattern also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern
- NBED nano beam electron diffraction
- electron beam diffraction is performed with a probe diameter of 1 nm.
- oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from that in FIG. 18A when its crystal structure is focused.
- oxide semiconductors are classified into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors.
- Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include, for example, the above CAAC-OS and nc-OS.
- Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, amorphous-like oxide semiconductors (a-like OS), amorphous oxide semiconductors, and the like.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that includes a plurality of crystal regions, and the c-axes of the plurality of crystal regions are oriented in a specific direction. Note that the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction to the formation surface of the CAAC-OS film, or the normal direction to the surface of the CAAC-OS film.
- a crystalline region is a region having periodicity in atomic arrangement. If the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, the crystalline region is also a region with a uniform lattice arrangement.
- CAAC-OS has a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected in the a-b plane direction, and the region may have strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region with a uniform lattice arrangement and another region with a uniform lattice arrangement in a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected. That is, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that is c-axis oriented and has no obvious orientation in the ab plane direction.
- each of the plurality of crystal regions is composed of one or more microcrystals (crystals having a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm).
- the maximum diameter of the crystalline region is less than 10 nm.
- the size of the crystal region may be about several tens of nanometers.
- CAAC-OS contains indium (In) and oxygen.
- a tendency to have a layered crystal structure also referred to as a layered structure in which a layer (hereinafter referred to as an In layer) and a layer containing the element M, zinc (Zn), and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as a (M, Zn) layer) are stacked.
- the (M, Zn) layer may contain indium.
- the In layer contains the element M.
- the In layer may contain Zn.
- the layered structure is observed as a lattice image, for example, in a high-resolution TEM image.
- a plurality of bright points are observed in the electron beam diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film.
- a certain spot and another spot are observed at point-symmetrical positions with respect to the spot of the incident electron beam that has passed through the sample (also referred to as a direct spot) as the center of symmetry.
- the lattice arrangement in the crystal region is basically a hexagonal lattice, but the unit cell is not always a regular hexagon and may be a non-regular hexagon. Moreover, the distortion may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon or a heptagon.
- a clear grain boundary cannot be confirmed even in the vicinity of strain. That is, it can be seen that the distortion of the lattice arrangement suppresses the formation of grain boundaries. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate strain due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction, the bond distance between atoms changes due to the substitution of metal atoms, and the like. It is considered to be for
- a crystal structure in which clear grain boundaries are confirmed is called a polycrystal.
- a grain boundary becomes a recombination center, traps carriers, and is highly likely to cause a decrease in on-current of a transistor, a decrease in field-effect mobility, and the like. Therefore, a CAAC-OS in which no clear grain boundaries are observed is one of crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for a semiconductor layer of a transistor.
- a structure containing Zn is preferable for forming a CAAC-OS.
- In--Zn oxide and In--Ga--Zn oxide are preferable because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries more than In oxide.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity and no clear crystal grain boundaries. Therefore, it can be said that the decrease in electron mobility due to grain boundaries is less likely to occur in CAAC-OS.
- a CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the use of the CAAC-OS for the OS transistor can increase the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process.
- nc-OS has periodic atomic arrangement in a minute region (eg, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has minute crystals.
- the size of the minute crystal is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, the minute crystal is also called a nanocrystal.
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film.
- an nc-OS may be indistinguishable from an a-like OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to structural analysis using an XRD apparatus, out-of-plane XRD measurement using ⁇ /2 ⁇ scanning does not detect a peak indicating crystallinity.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron beam diffraction (also referred to as selected area electron beam diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter larger than that of nanocrystals (for example, 50 nm or more), a diffraction pattern such as a halo pattern is obtained. is observed.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron diffraction (also referred to as nanobeam electron diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter close to or smaller than the size of a nanocrystal (for example, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less)
- an electron beam diffraction pattern is obtained in which a plurality of spots are observed within a ring-shaped area centered on the direct spot.
- An a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between an nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- An a-like OS has void or low density regions. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS. In addition, the a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the film than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- CAC-OS relates to material composition.
- CAC-OS is, for example, one structure of a material in which elements constituting a metal oxide are unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or in the vicinity thereof.
- the metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size in the vicinity thereof.
- the mixed state is also called mosaic or patch.
- the CAC-OS is a structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region to form a mosaic shape, and the first region is distributed in the film (hereinafter, also referred to as a cloud shape). ). That is, the CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide in which the first region and the second region are mixed.
- the atomic ratios of In, Ga, and Zn to the metal elements constituting the CAC-OS in the In--Ga--Zn oxide are denoted by [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively.
- the first region is a region where [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the second region is a region where [Ga] is greater than [Ga] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region.
- the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.
- the first region is a region whose main component is indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or the like.
- the second region is a region containing gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like as a main component. That is, the first region can be rephrased as a region containing In as a main component. Also, the second region can be rephrased as a region containing Ga as a main component.
- a clear boundary between the first region and the second region may not be observed.
- a region containing In as the main component (first 1 region) and a region containing Ga as a main component (second region) are unevenly distributed and can be confirmed to have a mixed structure.
- the conductivity attributed to the first region and the insulation attributed to the second region complementarily act to provide a switching function (on/off function).
- a switching function on/off function
- CAC-OS a part of the material has a conductive function
- a part of the material has an insulating function
- the whole material has a semiconductor function.
- Oxide semiconductors have a variety of structures, each with different characteristics.
- An oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, a CAC-OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS. may
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier concentration is preferably used for a transistor.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 3 or less. 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm ⁇ 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- an oxide semiconductor with a low carrier concentration is sometimes referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
- the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor whose channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap level density might have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- the concentration of silicon and carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon and carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2. ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less. , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen that bonds to a metal atom to form water, which may cause oxygen vacancies.
- oxygen vacancies When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons, which are carriers, may be generated.
- part of hydrogen may bond with oxygen that bonds with a metal atom to generate an electron that is a carrier. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms/cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 .
- ⁇ Display module configuration example> First, a display module including a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is described.
- FIG. 19A A perspective view of the display module 1280 is shown in FIG. 19A.
- the display module 1280 has the display device 100 and an FPC 1290 .
- the display module 1280 has substrates 1291 and 1292 .
- the display module 1280 has a display section 1281 .
- the display portion 1281 is an area in which an image is displayed in the display module 1280, and an area in which light from each pixel provided in the pixel portion 1284 described later can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 19B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 1291 side.
- a circuit portion 1282 , a pixel circuit portion 1283 on the circuit portion 1282 , and a pixel portion 1284 on the pixel circuit portion 1283 are stacked over the substrate 1291 .
- a terminal portion 1285 for connecting to the FPC 1290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 1291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 1284 .
- the terminal portion 1285 and the circuit portion 1282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 1286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel portion 1284 and the pixel circuit portion 1283 include, for example, the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c of the display device 100 described above and the driving transistors (the transistor 170 in FIG. 1, the transistor 500 in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the like). ) corresponds to the region of the circuit including A circuit portion 1282 corresponds to, for example, a circuit region including the transistor 170 in FIG.
- the pixel unit 1284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 1284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 1284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 19B.
- Pixel 1284a has light-emitting device 1430a, light-emitting device 1430b, and light-emitting device 1430c that emit light of different colors.
- the light-emitting devices 1430a, 1430b, and 1430c correspond to, for example, the light-emitting devices 150a, 150b, and 150c described above. May be arranged in an array. Also, various arrangement methods such as delta arrangement and pentile arrangement can be applied.
- the pixel circuit section 1283 has a plurality of pixel circuits 1283a arranged periodically.
- One pixel circuit 1283a is a circuit that controls light emission of three light emitting devices included in one pixel 1284a.
- One pixel circuit 283a may have a structure in which three circuits for controlling light emission of one light emitting device are provided.
- the pixel circuit 1283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (driving transistor), and a capacitor for each light emitting device. At this time, a gate signal is inputted to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is inputted to one of the source and the drain of the selection transistor. This realizes an active matrix display device.
- the circuit section 1282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 1283 a of the pixel circuit section 1283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 1283 a of the pixel circuit section 1283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 1281 is extremely high. can be raised.
- the aperture ratio of the display portion 1281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 1284a can be arranged at extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 1281 can be extremely high.
- the pixels 1284a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- a display module 1280 Since such a display module 1280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for devices for VR such as head-mounted displays, or glasses-type devices for AR. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 1280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 1280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 1281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed.
- the display module 1280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display portion. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- FIG. 20A and 20B show the appearance of the head mounted display 8300.
- FIG. 20A and 20B show the appearance of the head mounted display 8300.
- the head-mounted display 8300 has a housing 8301, a display section 8302, operation buttons 8303, and a band-shaped fixture 8304.
- the operation button 8303 has functions such as a power button. Also, the head mounted display 8300 may have buttons in addition to the operation buttons 8303 .
- a lens 8305 may be provided between the display unit 8302 and the position of the user's eyes. Since the lens 8305 allows the user to magnify the display portion 8302, the sense of presence is enhanced. At this time, as shown in FIG. 20C, a dial 8306 for changing the position of the lens for diopter adjustment may be provided.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302 . Since the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has extremely high definition, a more realistic image can be displayed without pixels being visually recognized by the user even when the lens 8305 is used to enlarge the image as shown in FIG. 20C. can be displayed.
- 20A to 20C show examples in which one display portion 8302 is provided. With such a configuration, the number of parts can be reduced.
- the display unit 8302 can display two images, an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye, side by side in two areas on the left and right. Thereby, a stereoscopic image using binocular parallax can be displayed.
- one image that can be viewed with both eyes may be displayed over the entire area of the display unit 8302 .
- a panoramic image can be displayed across both ends of the field of view, increasing the sense of reality.
- the head mounted display 8300 preferably has a mechanism for changing the curvature of the display unit 8302 to an appropriate value according to the size of the user's head or the position of the eyes.
- the user may adjust the curvature of the display section 8302 by operating a dial 8307 for adjusting the curvature of the display section 8302 .
- a sensor for example, a camera, a contact sensor, a non-contact sensor, or the like
- the display portion 8302 is displayed based on the detection data of the sensor.
- the lens 8305 when used, it is preferable to provide a mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the lens 8305 in synchronization with the curvature of the display section 8302 .
- the dial 8306 may have the function of adjusting the angle of the lens.
- FIGS. 20E and 20F show examples in which a drive section 8308 that controls the curvature of the display section 8302 is provided.
- the drive unit 8308 is fixed to at least part of the display unit 8302 .
- the drive unit 8308 has a function of deforming the display unit 8302 by deforming or moving a portion fixed to the display unit 8302 .
- FIG. 20E is a schematic diagram of a case where a user 8310 with a relatively large head is wearing a housing 8301.
- FIG. 20E the shape of the display portion 8302 is adjusted by the driving portion 8308 so that the curvature is relatively small (the radius of curvature is large).
- FIG. 20F shows a case where a user 8311 whose head size is smaller than that of the user 8310 wears a housing 8301.
- the distance between the eyes of the user 8311 is narrower than that of the user 8310 .
- the shape of the display portion 8302 is adjusted by the driving portion 8308 so that the curvature of the display portion 8302 becomes large (the curvature radius becomes small).
- the position and shape of the display portion 8302 in FIG. 20E are indicated by dashed lines.
- the head-mounted display 8300 has a mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the display unit 8302, and can provide optimal display to various users of all ages.
- the head mounted display 8300 may have two display units 8302 as shown in FIG. 20D.
- the user can see one display unit with one eye.
- the display portion 8302 is curved in an arc with the eye of the user as the approximate center.
- the distance from the user's eyes to the display surface of the display unit is constant, so that the user can see a more natural image.
- the brightness and chromaticity of the light from the display unit change depending on the viewing angle, since the user's eyes are positioned in the normal direction of the display surface of the display unit, Since the influence can be ignored, a more realistic image can be displayed.
- a display module 6000 shown in FIG. 21A has, between an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002, a display device 6006 to which an FPC 6005 is connected, a frame 6009, a printed circuit board 6010, and a battery 6011.
- a display device manufactured using one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display device 6006 .
- the display device 6006 a display module with extremely low power consumption can be realized.
- the shape and dimensions of the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be appropriately changed according to the size of the display device 6006.
- the display device 6006 may have a function as a touch panel.
- the frame 6009 may have a function of protecting the display device 6006, a function of blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed circuit board 6010, a function of a heat sink, and the like.
- the printed circuit board 6010 has a power supply circuit, a signal processing circuit for outputting video signals and clock signals, a battery control circuit, and the like.
- FIG. 21B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module 6000 that includes an optical touch sensor.
- the display module 6000 has a light-emitting portion 6015 and a light-receiving portion 6016 provided on a printed circuit board 6010 .
- a pair of light guide portions (light guide portion 6017a, light guide portion 6017b) is provided in an area surrounded by the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002. As shown in FIG.
- a display device 6006 is provided overlapping a printed circuit board 6010 and a battery 6011 with a frame 6009 interposed therebetween.
- the display device 6006 and the frame 6009 are fixed to the light guide portions 6017a and 6017b.
- a light 6018 emitted from the light emitting section 6015 passes through the upper part of the display device 6006 through the light guiding section 6017a and reaches the light receiving section 6016 through the light guiding section 6017b.
- a touch operation can be detected by blocking the light 6018 with a sensing object such as a finger or a stylus.
- a plurality of light emitting units 6015 are provided along two adjacent sides of the display device 6006, for example.
- a plurality of light receiving portions 6016 are provided at positions facing the light emitting portions 6015 . Accordingly, it is possible to acquire information on the position where the touch operation is performed.
- a light source such as an LED element can be used for the light emitting unit 6015, and it is particularly preferable to use a light source that emits infrared rays.
- the light receiving unit 6016 can use a photoelectric element that receives light emitted by the light emitting unit 6015 and converts it into an electric signal.
- a photodiode capable of receiving infrared rays can be used.
- the light-emitting portion 6015 and the light-receiving portion 6016 can be arranged below the display device 6006 by the light-guiding portions 6017a and 6017b that transmit the light 6018, and external light reaches the light-receiving portion 6016 and touches the touch sensor. malfunction can be suppressed. In particular, by using a resin that absorbs visible light and transmits infrared light, malfunction of the touch sensor can be more effectively suppressed.
- An electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 22A is a mobile information terminal that can be used as a smartphone.
- the electronic device 6500 has a housing 6501, a display section 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, and a light source 6508.
- a display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502 .
- FIG. 22B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, and a printer are placed in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517 and a battery 6518 are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 with an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a portion of the display panel 6511 is folded back in a region outside the display portion 6502 . Also, the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded portion. An IC6516 is mounted on the FPC6515. The FPC 6515 is also connected to terminals provided on the printed circuit board 6517 .
- the display panel 6511 for example, a flexible display panel can be applied. Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, a large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted while the thickness of the electronic device is suppressed. In addition, by folding back part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- the electronic devices exemplified below include the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion. Therefore, it is an electronic device that achieves high resolution. In addition, the electronic device can have both high resolution and a large screen.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a display device and at least one of an antenna, a battery, a housing, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a touch sensor, and operation buttons.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a secondary battery, and it is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using contactless power transmission.
- Secondary batteries include, for example, lithium ion secondary batteries such as lithium polymer batteries (lithium ion polymer batteries) using a gel electrolyte, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, air secondary batteries, nickel zinc batteries, silver-zinc batteries, and the like.
- lithium ion secondary batteries such as lithium polymer batteries (lithium ion polymer batteries) using a gel electrolyte, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, air secondary batteries, nickel zinc batteries, silver-zinc batteries, and the like.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have an antenna.
- An image, information, or the like can be displayed on the display portion by receiving a signal with the antenna.
- the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.
- the display portion of the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display images with resolutions of, for example, full high definition, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher.
- Examples of electronic devices include, for example, television devices, notebook personal computers, monitor devices, digital signage, pachinko machines, game machines, and other electronic devices with relatively large screens, as well as digital cameras, digital video cameras, and digital photos. Examples include frames, mobile phones, mobile game machines, mobile information terminals, and sound reproducing devices.
- An electronic device to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied can be incorporated along a flat or curved surface of an inner wall or outer wall of a building such as a house or building, or the interior or exterior of an automobile or the like.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram showing the appearance of the camera 8000 with the finder 8100 attached.
- a camera 8000 has a housing 8001, a display unit 8002, an operation button 8003, a shutter button 8004, and the like.
- a detachable lens 8006 is attached to the camera 8000 .
- the camera 8000 may have the lens 8006 integrated with the housing.
- the camera 8000 can capture an image by pressing the shutter button 8004 or by touching the display unit 8002 that functions as a touch panel.
- the housing 8001 has a mount with electrodes, and can be connected to the viewfinder 8100 as well as a strobe device or the like.
- the viewfinder 8100 has a housing 8101, a display section 8102, buttons 8103, and the like.
- the housing 8101 is attached to the camera 8000 by mounts that engage the mounts of the camera 8000 .
- a viewfinder 8100 can display an image or the like received from the camera 8000 on a display portion 8102 .
- the button 8103 has a function as a power button or the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the viewfinder 8100 .
- the camera 8000 having a built-in finder may also be used.
- FIG. 23B is a diagram showing the appearance of an information terminal 5900, which is an example of a wearable terminal.
- An information terminal 5900 includes a housing 5901 , a display portion 5902 , operation buttons 5903 , manipulators 5904 , and a band 5905 .
- the wearable terminal can display an image with high display quality on the display portion 5902 .
- FIG. 23C is a diagram showing the appearance of a portable game machine 5200, which is an example of a game machine.
- a portable game machine 5200 includes a housing 5201 , a display portion 5202 , and buttons 5203 .
- the video of the portable game machine 5200 can be output by a display device such as a television device, personal computer display, game display, or head-mounted display.
- a display device such as a television device, personal computer display, game display, or head-mounted display.
- the display portion 5202 can display an image with high display quality. Also, the portable game machine 5200 with low power consumption can be realized. In addition, the low power consumption can reduce the heat generated from the circuit, so that the influence of the heat on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuits, and the module can be reduced.
- FIG. 24A is a diagram showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- FIG. 24A is a diagram showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- a head-mounted display 8200 has a mounting section 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display section 8204, a cable 8205, and the like.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201 .
- a cable 8205 supplies power from a battery 8206 to the main body 8203 .
- a main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver or the like, and can display received video information on a display portion 8204 .
- the main body 8203 is equipped with a camera, and information on the movement of the user's eyeballs or eyelids can be used as input means.
- the mounting section 8201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes capable of detecting a current flowing along with the movement of the user's eyeballs at a position where it touches the user, and may have a function of recognizing the line of sight. Moreover, it may have a function of monitoring the user's pulse based on the current flowing through the electrode.
- the mounting unit 8201 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, etc., and has a function of displaying biological information of the user on the display unit 8204, In addition, a function of changing an image displayed on the display portion 8204 may be provided.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8204 .
- FIG. 24B to 24D are diagrams showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8300.
- FIG. A head mounted display 8300 includes a housing 8301 , a display portion 8302 , a band-shaped fixture 8304 , and a pair of lenses 8305 .
- the user can visually recognize the display on the display unit 8302 through the lens 8305 .
- the display portion 8302 it is preferable to arrange the display portion 8302 in a curved manner because the user can feel a high presence.
- three-dimensional display or the like using parallax can be performed.
- the configuration is not limited to the configuration in which one display portion 8302 is provided, and two display portions 8302 may be provided and one display portion may be arranged for one eye of the user.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302 . Since the display device including the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention has extremely high definition, pixels are not visually recognized by the user even when the lens 8305 is used for magnification as shown in FIG. It is possible to display images with high resolution.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様は、第1絶縁体と、第2絶縁体と、第3絶縁体と、第1導電体と、第2導電体と、第1EL層と、を有する表示装置の作製方法である。表示装置の作製方法は、第1ステップ乃至第9ステップを有する。第1ステップは、第1絶縁体上に第1導電体が形成されるステップを有し、第2ステップは、第1絶縁体上と、第1導電体上と、に第2絶縁体が形成されるステップを有し、第3ステップは、第1導電体に重畳する第2絶縁体の領域に、第1導電体に達する第1開口部が形成されるステップを有する。また、第4ステップは、第1絶縁体上と、第2絶縁体上と、第1導電体上と、を含む領域にポジ型の第1フォトレジストが塗布されるステップを有し、第5ステップは、第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、第1フォトレジストのうち、第1開口部、及び第1導電体に重畳する領域に、第1導電体、及び第2絶縁体に達する、逆テーパ構造の第2開口部が形成されるステップを有する。また、第6ステップは、第1フォトレジストの第2開口部の底部に位置する第1導電体上及び第2絶縁体上と、第1フォトレジスト上と、に第1EL層が形成されるステップを有し、第7ステップは、第1EL層上に第2導電体が形成されるステップを有し、第8ステップは、第2導電体上に第3絶縁体が形成されるステップを有する。第9ステップは、第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われて、第1フォトレジストと、第1フォトレジスト上に形成された第1EL層、第2導電体、及び第3絶縁体が除去されることで、第1導電体上に第1EL層、第2導電体、及び第3絶縁体を含む発光デバイスが形成されるステップを有する。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)において、第2絶縁体が有機材料と、有機材料の上部に重畳する無機材料と、を有する、表示装置の作製方法としてもよい。また、有機材料は、ポリイミドを有することが好ましく、無機材料は、酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、窒化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化窒化アルミニウム、窒化酸化アルミニウム、及び窒化アルミニウムの中から選ばれる少なくとも一を有することが好ましい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)又は(2)において、表示装置が、第1絶縁体の下方に位置する第1トランジスタと、第1トランジスタの下方に位置する第2トランジスタと、を有する、表示装置の作製方法としてもよい。また、第1トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有してもよく、第2トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを有してもよい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、第1絶縁体と、第2絶縁体と、第3絶縁体と、第1導電体と、第2導電体と、第3導電体と、第4導電体と、第1EL層と、第2EL層と、第3EL層と、を有する表示装置の作製方法である。表示装置の作製方法は、第1ステップ乃至第16ステップを有する。第1ステップは、第1絶縁体上に第1導電体と、第2導電体と、第3導電体と、が形成されるステップを有し、第2ステップは、第1絶縁体上と、第1導電体上と、第2導電体上と、第3導電体上と、に第2絶縁体が形成されるステップを有し、第3ステップは、第1導電体に重畳する第2絶縁体の領域に、第1導電体に達する第1開口部が形成されるステップを有する。第4ステップは、第1導電体上と、第2導電体上と、第3導電体上と、第2絶縁体上と、に第1EL層が形成されるステップを有し、第5ステップは、第1EL層上を含む領域にポジ型の第1フォトレジストが塗布されるステップを有する。第6ステップは、第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、第1フォトレジストのうち、第2導電体、及び第3導電体に重畳する領域に、第1EL層に達する、逆テーパ構造の第2開口部が形成されるステップを有する。第7ステップは、ドライエッチング処理によって、第1フォトレジストの第2開口部の底部に位置する第1EL層が除去されて、第1フォトレジストの第2開口部の底部に第2導電体と、第3導電体と、第2絶縁体と、を露出させるステップを有する。第8ステップは、第1フォトレジスト上と、第1フォトレジストの第2開口部の底部に位置する第2導電体上、第3導電体上、及び第2絶縁体上と、に第2EL層が形成されるステップを有する。第9ステップは、第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、第1フォトレジストと、第1フォトレジスト上に形成された第2EL層と、が除去されるステップを有する。第10ステップは、第1EL層上と、第2EL層上と、を含む領域にポジ型の第2フォトレジストが塗布されるステップを有する。第11ステップは、第2フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、第2フォトレジストのうち、第3導電体に重畳する領域に、第2EL層に達する、逆テーパ構造の第3開口部が形成されるステップを有する。第12ステップは、ドライエッチング処理によって、第2フォトレジストの第3開口部の底部に位置する第2EL層が除去されて、第2フォトレジストの第3開口部の底部に第3導電体と、第2絶縁体と、を露出させるステップを有する。第13ステップは、第2フォトレジスト上と、第2フォトレジストの第3開口部の底部に位置する第3導電体上と、第2絶縁体上と、に第3EL層が形成されるステップを有する。第14ステップは、第2フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、第2フォトレジストと、第2フォトレジスト上に形成された第3EL層と、が除去されるステップを有する。第15ステップは、第1EL層上と、第2EL層上と、第3EL層上と、に第4導電体が形成されるステップを有し、第16ステップは、第4導電体上に第3絶縁体が形成されるステップを有する。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(4)において、第2絶縁体が有機材料と、有機材料の上部に重畳する無機材料と、を有する、表示装置の作製方法としてもよい。また、有機材料は、ポリイミドを有することが好ましく、無機材料は、酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、窒化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化窒化アルミニウム、窒化酸化アルミニウム、及び窒化アルミニウムの中から選ばれる少なくとも一を有することが好ましい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)又は(2)において、表示装置が、第1絶縁体の下方に位置する第1トランジスタと、第1トランジスタの下方に位置する第2トランジスタと、を有する、表示装置の作製方法としてもよい。また、第1トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有してもよく、第2トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを有してもよい。
図2A乃至図2Dは、発光デバイスの構成例を示した模式図である。
図3は、表示装置の構成例を示した断面図である。
図4は、表示装置の構成例を示した断面図である。
図5A、及び図5Bは、表示装置の構成例を示した断面図である。
図6A乃至図6Eは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図7A乃至図7Dは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図8A乃至図8Dは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図9A乃至図9Cは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図10A乃至図10Cは、表示装置の構成例を示した断面図である。
図11A乃至図11Cは、表示装置の構成例を示した断面図である。
図12A、及び図12Bは、表示装置の構成例を示した断面図である。
図13A乃至図13Eは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図14A乃至図14Eは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図15A乃至図15Eは、表示装置の作製方法の例を示した断面図である。
図16A、及び図16Bは、トランジスタの構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図17A、及び図17Bは、トランジスタの構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図18AはIGZOの結晶構造の分類を説明する図であり、図18Bは結晶性IGZOのXRDスペクトルを説明する図であり、図18Cは結晶性IGZOの極微電子線回折パターンを説明する図である。
図19A、及び図19Bは、表示モジュールの構成例を示す図である。
図20A乃至図20Fは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図21A、及び図21Bは、表示モジュールの構成例を示す図である。
図22A、及び図22Bは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図23A乃至図23Cは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図24A乃至図24Dは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置、及び表示装置の作製方法について説明する。
図1は、本発明の一態様の表示装置の一例を示した断面図である。図1に示す表示装置100は、一例として、基板101上に画素回路、駆動回路などが設けられた構成となっている。
次に、図1、図3、及び図4の表示装置100に適用できる、発光デバイス150a乃至発光デバイス150cの封止構造について説明する。
次に、図1に示した表示装置100の作製方法について説明する。
ステップA1では、図6Aに示すとおり、絶縁体111と、絶縁体111上に設けられた導電体121a乃至導電体121cと、絶縁体111上及び導電体121a乃至導電体121c上に設けられた絶縁体112と、が形成された積層体を準備する。なお、図6A乃至図8Dには、表示装置100の一部の回路素子のみを抜粋して図示している。具体的には、図6A乃至図8Dのそれぞれは、絶縁体111、トランジスタ500に接続するプラグ、及び絶縁体111よりも上方に位置する絶縁体、導電体、発光デバイス150a乃至発光デバイス150cなどを図示している。
ステップA2では、図6Aに示した積層体の上部、つまり、絶縁体112上、及び導電体121a乃至導電体121c上に樹脂層132_1が塗布される。また、樹脂層132_1としては、例えば、フォトレジストとすることが好ましい。なお、フォトレジストは、ネガ型としてもよいし、ポジ型としてもよい。なお、本作製方法では、樹脂層132_1をポジ型のフォトレジストとして説明する。また、樹脂層132_1が塗布された後は、その樹脂層132_1の硬化条件に従って、樹脂層132_1を硬化させてもよい(図6B参照)。例えば、樹脂層132_1が塗布された後は、ベーク処理を行って、樹脂層132_1に含まれる溶媒を除去してもよい。
ステップA3では、図6Bに示した樹脂層132_1に対して、露光工程、及び現像工程が行われる。
ステップA4では、図6Cに示した積層体の上部、つまり、導電体121a上、絶縁体112上、及び樹脂層132_1上にEL層141Aが成膜される(図6D参照)。
ステップA5では、図6Dに示した積層体の上部、つまり、EL層141A上に導電体122Aが成膜される(図6E参照)。
ステップA6では、図6Eに示した積層体の上部、つまり、導電体122A上に絶縁体113Aが成膜される(図7A参照)。
ステップA7では、図7Aに示した積層体において、樹脂層132_1が除去される(図7B参照)。
ステップA8では、図7Bに示した積層体の上部、つまり、絶縁体112上、導電体121b上、導電体121c上、及び絶縁体113a上に樹脂層132_2が塗布される。また、樹脂層132_2としては、例えば、フォトレジストとすることが好ましい。なお、フォトレジストは、ネガ型としてもよいし、ポジ型としてもよい。また、樹脂層132_2としては、樹脂層132_1と同じ樹脂としてもよいし、異なる樹脂としてもよい。なお、本作製方法では、樹脂層132_2をポジ型のフォトレジストとして説明する。また、樹脂層132_2が塗布された後は、その樹脂層132_2の硬化条件に従って、樹脂層132_2を硬化させてもよい(図7C参照)。例えば、樹脂層132_2が塗布された後は、ベーク処理を行って、樹脂層132_2に含まれる溶媒を除去してもよい。なお、ベーク処理を行う場合、当該ベーク処理の温度は、先に形成したEL層141Aに熱的なダメージを与えない程度の温度とすることが好ましい。
ステップA9では、ステップA3と同様に、図7Cに示した樹脂層132_2に対して、露光工程、及び現像工程が行われる。そのため、ステップA9の説明については、ステップA3の記載を参酌する。
ステップA10では、図7Dに示した積層体の上部、つまり、導電体121b上、絶縁体112上、及び樹脂層132_2上にEL層141B、導電体122B、及び絶縁体113Bが順に成膜される(図8A参照)。
ステップA11では、ステップA7と同様に、図8Aに示した積層体において、樹脂層132_2が除去される(図8B参照)。そのため、ステップA11の説明については、ステップA7の記載を参酌する。
ステップA12では、ステップA2乃至ステップA7、又はステップA8乃至ステップA11と同様の作製工程が行われて、導電体121c上、及び絶縁体112上の一部にEL層141c、導電体122c、絶縁体113cが形成される(図8C参照)。
ステップA13では、図8Cに示した積層体の上部に、樹脂層161が塗布される。また、その後に、当該積層体の樹脂層161上に基板102の貼り合わせが行われる(図8D参照)。
次に、図6A乃至図8Dに示した表示装置100の作製方法とは異なる、本発明の一態様の表示装置の作製方法について説明する。なお、当該作製方法によって完成された表示装置も本発明の一態様である。
ステップB1では、図13Aに示すとおり、絶縁体111と、絶縁体111上に設けられた導電体121a乃至導電体121cと、絶縁体111上及び導電体121a乃至導電体121c上に設けられた絶縁体112と、が形成された積層体を準備する。また、絶縁体112には、導電体121a乃至導電体121cのそれぞれに重畳する領域の一部に、導電体121a乃至導電体121cのそれぞれが露出するように第3開口部が設けられている。なお、図13A乃至図15Eには、表示装置100の一部の回路素子のみを抜粋して図示している。具体的には、図13A乃至図15Eのそれぞれは、絶縁体111、トランジスタ500に接続するプラグ、及び絶縁体111よりも上方に位置する絶縁体、導電体、発光デバイス150a乃至発光デバイス150cなどを図示している。
ステップB2では、図13Aに示した積層体の上部、つまり、絶縁体112上、及び導電体121a乃至導電体121c上にEL層141Aが成膜される(図13B参照)。
ステップB3では、図13Bに示した積層体の上部、つまり、EL層141A上に樹脂134_1が塗布される。また、樹脂134_1としては、例えば、フォトレジストとすることが好ましい。なお、フォトレジストは、ネガ型としてもよいし、ポジ型としてもよい。なお、本作製方法では、樹脂134_1をポジ型のフォトレジストとして説明する。また、樹脂134_1が塗布された後は、その樹脂134_1の硬化条件に従って、樹脂134_1を硬化させてもよい(図13C参照)。例えば、樹脂134_1が塗布された後は、ベーク処理を行って、樹脂134_1に含まれる溶媒を除去してもよい。当該ベーク処理の温度は、先に形成したEL層141Aに熱的なダメージを与えない程度の温度とすることが好ましい。
ステップB4では、図13Cに示した樹脂134_1に対して、露光工程、及び現像工程が行われる。
ステップB5では、図13Dに示した積層体に対して、第4開口部の底面に位置するEL層141Aの除去工程JKY1が行われる(図13E参照)。また、この工程によって、樹脂134_1aがマスクとなって、導電体121aに重畳するEL層141Aが選択的に残ることとなる。これにより、導電体121a、絶縁体112、及び樹脂134_1aに重畳する領域において、EL層141aが形成される。
ステップB6では、図13Eに示した積層体の上部、つまり、絶縁体112上、導電体121b上、導電体121c上、及び樹脂134_1a上にEL層141Bが成膜される(図14A参照)。なお、このとき、EL層141Aの上部の樹脂134_1aが接していない領域に、EL層141Bが成膜される場合がある。
ステップB7では、図14Aに示した積層体において、樹脂134_1aが除去される(図14B参照)。また、この工程によって、樹脂134_1a、及び樹脂134_1aの上部に成膜されているEL層141Bが除去されて、第4開口部の底面に成膜されているEL層141Bが選択的に残ることとなる。これにより、絶縁体112の一部の領域、導電体121b、及び導電体121cに重畳する領域において、EL層141Bmが形成される。
ステップB8では、図14Bに示した積層体の上部、つまり、EL層141a上、及びEL層141Bm上に樹脂134_2が塗布される。また、樹脂134_2としては、例えば、ステップB3で用いた樹脂134_1に適用できる材料を用いることができる。例えば、樹脂134_2としては、樹脂134_1と同一の材料としてもよい。なお、本作製方法では、樹脂134_2をポジ型のフォトレジストとして説明する。また、樹脂層132_2が塗布された後は、その樹脂層132_2の硬化条件に従って、樹脂層132_2を硬化させてもよい(図14C参照)。例えば、樹脂134_2が塗布された後は、ベーク処理を行って、樹脂134_2に含まれる溶媒を除去してもよい。なお、ベーク処理を行う場合、当該ベーク処理の温度は、先に形成したEL層141a、及びEL層141Bmに熱的なダメージを与えない程度の温度とすることが好ましい。
ステップB9では、図14Cに示した樹脂134_2に対して、露光工程、及び現像工程が行われる。
ステップB10では、図14Dに示した積層体に対して、第5開口部の底面に位置するEL層141Bmの除去工程JKY2が行われる(図14E参照)。また、この工程によって、樹脂134_1aがマスクとなって、導電体121bに重畳するEL層141Bmが選択的に残ることとなる。これにより、導電体121b、絶縁体112、及び樹脂134_2aに重畳する領域において、EL層141bが形成される。
ステップB11では、図14Eに示した積層体の上部、つまり、絶縁体112上、導電体121c上、及び樹脂134_2a上にEL層141Cが成膜される(図15A参照)。なお、このとき、EL層141aの上部の樹脂134_2aが接していない領域に、EL層141Cが成膜される場合がある。また、同様に、EL層141bの上部の樹脂134_2aが接していない領域に、EL層141Cが成膜される場合がある。
ステップB12では、図15Aに示した積層体において、樹脂134_2aが除去される(図15B参照)。また、この工程によって、樹脂134_2a、及び樹脂134_2aの上部に成膜されているEL層141Cが除去されて、第5開口部の底面に成膜されているEL層141Cが選択的に残ることとなる。これにより、絶縁体112の一部の領域、及び導電体121cに重畳する領域において、EL層141cが形成される。
ステップB13では、図15Bに示した積層体の上部、つまり、EL層141a上、EL層141b上、及びEL層141c上に導電体122が形成される(図15C参照)。
ステップB14では、図15Cに示した積層体の上部、つまり、導電体122上に絶縁体113が形成される(図15D参照)。
ステップB15では、ステップA13と同様に、図15Dに示した積層体の上部に、樹脂層161が塗布される。また、その後に、当該積層体の樹脂層161上に基板102の貼り合わせが行われる(図15E参照)。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した表示装置に備えることができるOSトランジスタについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物(以下、酸化物半導体ともいう。)について説明する。
まず、酸化物半導体における、結晶構造の分類について、図18Aを用いて説明を行う。図18Aは、酸化物半導体、代表的にはIGZO(Inと、Gaと、Znと、を含む金属酸化物)の結晶構造の分類を説明する図である。
なお、酸化物半導体は、結晶構造に着目した場合、図18Aとは異なる分類となる場合がある。例えば、酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、上述のCAAC−OS、及びnc−OSがある。また、非単結晶酸化物半導体には、多結晶酸化物半導体、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、非晶質酸化物半導体、などが含まれる。
CAAC−OSは、複数の結晶領域を有し、当該複数の結晶領域はc軸が特定の方向に配向している酸化物半導体である。なお、特定の方向とは、CAAC−OS膜の厚さ方向、CAAC−OS膜の被形成面の法線方向、またはCAAC−OS膜の表面の法線方向である。また、結晶領域とは、原子配列に周期性を有する領域である。なお、原子配列を格子配列とみなすと、結晶領域とは、格子配列の揃った領域でもある。さらに、CAAC−OSは、a−b面方向において複数の結晶領域が連結する領域を有し、当該領域は歪みを有する場合がある。なお、歪みとは、複数の結晶領域が連結する領域において、格子配列の揃った領域と、別の格子配列の揃った領域と、の間で格子配列の向きが変化している箇所を指す。つまり、CAAC−OSは、c軸配向し、a−b面方向には明らかな配向をしていない酸化物半導体である。
nc−OSは、微小な領域(例えば、1nm以上10nm以下の領域、特に1nm以上3nm以下の領域)において原子配列に周期性を有する。別言すると、nc−OSは、微小な結晶を有する。なお、当該微小な結晶の大きさは、例えば、1nm以上10nm以下、特に1nm以上3nm以下であることから、当該微小な結晶をナノ結晶ともいう。また、nc−OSは、異なるナノ結晶間で結晶方位に規則性が見られない。そのため、膜全体で配向性が見られない。したがって、nc−OSは、分析方法によっては、a−like OS、及び非晶質酸化物半導体と区別が付かない場合がある。例えば、nc−OS膜に対し、XRD装置を用いて構造解析を行うと、θ/2θスキャンを用いたOut−of−plane XRD測定では、結晶性を示すピークが検出されない。また、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶よりも大きいプローブ径(例えば50nm以上)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(制限視野電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ハローパターンのような回折パターンが観測される。一方、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶の大きさと近いかナノ結晶より小さいプローブ径(例えば1nm以上30nm以下)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(ナノビーム電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ダイレクトスポットを中心とするリング状の領域内に複数のスポットが観測される電子線回折パターンが取得される場合がある。
a−like OSは、nc−OSと非晶質酸化物半導体との間の構造を有する酸化物半導体である。a−like OSは、鬆又は低密度領域を有する。即ち、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、結晶性が低い。また、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、膜中の水素濃度が高い。
次に、上述のCAC−OSの詳細について、説明を行う。なお、CAC−OSは材料構成に関する。
CAC−OSとは、例えば、金属酸化物を構成する元素が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで偏在した材料の一構成である。なお、以下では、金属酸化物において、一つまたは複数の金属元素が偏在し、該金属元素を有する領域が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで混合した状態をモザイク状、またはパッチ状ともいう。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置を適用した表示モジュールについて説明する。
初めに、本発明の一態様の表示装置を備えた表示モジュールについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器の一例として、表示装置が適用されたヘッドマウントディスプレイの例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置を用いて作製することができる表示モジュールについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置を適用可能な、電子機器の例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様を用いて作製された表示装置を備える電子機器について説明する。
Claims (6)
- 第1絶縁体と、第2絶縁体と、第3絶縁体と、第1導電体と、第2導電体と、第1EL層と、を有する表示装置の作製方法であって、
第1ステップ乃至第9ステップを有し、
前記第1ステップは、前記第1絶縁体上に前記第1導電体が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第2ステップは、前記第1絶縁体上と、前記第1導電体上と、に前記第2絶縁体が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第3ステップは、前記第1導電体に重畳する前記第2絶縁体の領域に、前記第1導電体に達する第1開口部が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第4ステップは、前記第1絶縁体上と、前記第2絶縁体上と、前記第1導電体上と、を含む領域にポジ型の第1フォトレジストが塗布されるステップを有し、
前記第5ステップは、前記第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、前記第1フォトレジストのうち、前記第1開口部、及び前記第1導電体に重畳する領域に、前記第1導電体、及び前記第2絶縁体に達する、逆テーパ構造の第2開口部が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第6ステップは、前記第1フォトレジストの前記第2開口部の底部に位置する前記第1導電体上及び前記第2絶縁体上と、前記第1フォトレジスト上と、に前記第1EL層が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第7ステップは、前記第1EL層上に前記第2導電体が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第8ステップは、前記第2導電体上に前記第3絶縁体が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第9ステップは、前記第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われて、前記第1フォトレジストと、前記第1フォトレジスト上に形成された前記第1EL層、前記第2導電体、及び前記第3絶縁体が除去されることで、前記第1導電体上に前記第1EL層、前記第2導電体、及び前記第3絶縁体を含む発光デバイスが形成されるステップを有する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2絶縁体は、有機材料と、前記有機材料の上部に重畳する無機材料と、を有し、
前記有機材料は、ポリイミドを有し、
前記無機材料は、酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、窒化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化窒化アルミニウム、窒化酸化アルミニウム、及び窒化アルミニウムの中から選ばれる少なくとも一を有する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1、又は請求項2において、
前記表示装置は、前記第1絶縁体の下方に位置する第1トランジスタと、前記第1トランジスタの下方に位置する第2トランジスタと、を有し、
前記第1トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有し、
前記第2トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを有する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 第1絶縁体と、第2絶縁体と、第3絶縁体と、第1導電体と、第2導電体と、第3導電体と、第4導電体と、第1EL層と、第2EL層と、第3EL層と、を有する表示装置の作製方法であって、
第1ステップ乃至第16ステップを有し、
前記第1ステップは、前記第1絶縁体上に前記第1導電体と、前記第2導電体と、前記第3導電体と、が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第2ステップは、前記第1絶縁体上と、前記第1導電体上と、前記第2導電体上と、前記第3導電体上と、に前記第2絶縁体が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第3ステップは、前記第1導電体に重畳する前記第2絶縁体の領域に、前記第1導電体に達する第1開口部が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第4ステップは、前記第1導電体上と、前記第2導電体上と、前記第3導電体上と、前記第2絶縁体上と、に前記第1EL層が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第5ステップは、前記第1EL層上を含む領域にポジ型の第1フォトレジストが塗布されるステップを有し、
前記第6ステップは、前記第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、前記第1フォトレジストのうち、前記第2導電体、及び前記第3導電体に重畳する領域に、前記第1EL層に達する、逆テーパ構造の第2開口部が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第7ステップは、ドライエッチング処理によって、前記第1フォトレジストの前記第2開口部の底部に位置する前記第1EL層が除去されて、前記第1フォトレジストの前記第2開口部の底部に前記第2導電体と、前記第3導電体と、前記第2絶縁体と、を露出させるステップを有し、
前記第8ステップは、前記第1フォトレジスト上と、前記第1フォトレジストの前記第2開口部の底部に位置する前記第2導電体上、前記第3導電体上、及び前記第2絶縁体上と、に前記第2EL層が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第9ステップは、前記第1フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、前記第1フォトレジストと、前記第1フォトレジスト上に形成された前記第2EL層と、が除去されるステップを有し、
前記第10ステップは、前記第1EL層上と、前記第2EL層上と、を含む領域にポジ型の第2フォトレジストが塗布されるステップを有し、
前記第11ステップは、前記第2フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、前記第2フォトレジストのうち、前記第3導電体に重畳する領域に、前記第2EL層に達する、逆テーパ構造の第3開口部が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第12ステップは、ドライエッチング処理によって、前記第2フォトレジストの前記第3開口部の底部に位置する前記第2EL層が除去されて、前記第2フォトレジストの前記第3開口部の底部に前記第3導電体と、前記第2絶縁体と、を露出させるステップを有し、
前記第13ステップは、前記第2フォトレジスト上と、前記第2フォトレジストの前記第3開口部の底部に位置する前記第3導電体上と、前記第2絶縁体上と、に前記第3EL層が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第14ステップは、前記第2フォトレジストに対して、露光、及び現像が行われ、前記第2フォトレジストと、前記第2フォトレジスト上に形成された前記第3EL層と、が除去されるステップを有し、
前記第15ステップは、前記第1EL層上と、前記第2EL層上と、前記第3EL層上と、に前記第4導電体が形成されるステップを有し、
前記第16ステップは、前記第4導電体上に前記第3絶縁体が形成されるステップを有する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項4において、
前記第2絶縁体は、有機材料と、無機材料と、を有し、
前記無機材料は、前記有機材料の上部に重畳し、
前記有機材料は、ポリイミドを有し、
前記無機材料は、酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、窒化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化窒化アルミニウム、窒化酸化アルミニウム、及び窒化アルミニウムの中から選ばれる少なくとも一を有する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項4、又は請求項5において、
前記表示装置は、前記第1絶縁体の下方に位置する第1トランジスタと、前記第1トランジスタの下方に位置する第2トランジスタと、を有し、
前記第1トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有し、
前記第2トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを有する、
表示装置の作製方法。
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JP2003036971A (ja) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-07 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | エレクトロルミネッセント素子の製造方法 |
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