WO2022163677A1 - ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット及びダイヤモンド磁気センサシステム - Google Patents
ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット及びダイヤモンド磁気センサシステム Download PDFInfo
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- G01R33/24—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/26—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using optical pumping
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a diamond magnetic sensor unit and a diamond magnetic sensor system.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese application No. 2021-010936 filed on January 27, 2021, and incorporates all the descriptions described in the Japanese application.
- a diamond NV center When a diamond NV center is used in combination with a microscope, it is constructed, for example, as shown in FIG. That is, LED 900 disposed on substrate 912 emits green light to excite the NV centers of diamond 904 . The emitted light passes through an SPF (Short Pass Filter) 902 and then strikes a diamond 904 arranged on a substrate 914 . This causes the electrons in the NV - center to be in an excited state. When the excited electrons return to the original ground state, red fluorescence is emitted from the diamond 904, and the fluorescence is collected by a lens 906, passed through an LPF (Long Pass Filter) 908, and placed on a substrate 916.
- SPF Short Pass Filter
- Lens 906 can be a high performance optical microscope lens configuration or a simple lens configuration.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a scanning probe microscope (that is, a frequency modulated atomic force microscope (FM-AFM)) using a diamond NV center. Further, Patent Document 2 listed below discloses a magnetic field detection device using a diamond NV center.
- FM-AFM frequency modulated atomic force microscope
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an experimental apparatus for detecting photoluminescence (hereinafter referred to as PL) emitted from NV centers by irradiating excitation light onto a diamond containing NV centers and without irradiating microwaves. disclosed.
- This experimental apparatus includes an electromagnet for applying a sweep magnetic field and a perturbation magnetic field of a predetermined frequency to the diamond. When a sweep magnetic field and a perturbation magnetic field are applied to diamond, excitation light is irradiated, and PL is detected, the intensity of PL changes depending on the external magnetic field received by the NV center.
- a diamond magnetic sensor unit includes a sensor section including a diamond having a color center with electron spins, an excitation light irradiation section for irradiating the diamond with excitation light, and radiation light from the color center of the diamond.
- the detection unit detects radiation light generated by irradiating the diamond with the excitation light from the excitation light irradiation unit without irradiating the diamond with the electromagnetic wave, and the detection unit detects radiated light that is 10 mm or more from the sensor unit. It may include a conductive member that is spaced apart and that transmits electromagnetic waves.
- a diamond magnetic sensor system includes the diamond magnetic sensor unit described above, an application section, and a control section that controls the excitation light irradiation section, the detection section, and the application section, and the control section controls the excitation Along with the light, the application unit applies alternating magnetic, magnetic, electric potential, and electric field patterns in temporal combination to the diamond.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a microscope using a conventional diamond NV center.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the schematic configuration of the diamond magnetic sensor unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing energy levels of NV centers and their transitions in the absence of an external magnetic field.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the energy level of the NV center and its transition in the presence of an external magnetic field.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diamond magnetic sensor unit according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diamond magnetic sensor unit according to a first modified example.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a microscope using a conventional diamond NV center.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the schematic configuration of the diamond magnetic sensor unit according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing energy levels of NV centers and their transitions
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diamond magnetic sensor unit according to a second modification.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diamond magnetic sensor unit according to a third modified example.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diamond magnetic sensor unit according to a fourth modification.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of the second embodiment (see FIG. 4).
- Non-Patent Document 1 collects the emitted light from the diamond (that is, the NV center) with a lens, enters it into the photodiode through the dichroic mirror, and outputs the photodiode's output signal (that is, an electrical signal ) is transmitted to the detection device by a cable.
- the photodiode needs to be placed close to the diamond, because the detection sensitivity of the emitted light is lowered if the photodiode is spaced from the diamond. Therefore, the configuration disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 cannot be adopted for a sensor used in a high voltage environment (for example, it is affected by partial discharge and the like).
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a diamond magnetic sensor unit and a diamond magnetic sensor system that can accurately detect a magnetic field (magnetic field) and the like even remotely without being damaged in a high-voltage environment.
- a diamond magnetic sensor unit includes a sensor section including a diamond having a color center having electron spins, an excitation light irradiation section for irradiating the diamond with excitation light, and a diamond color center.
- a detection unit for detecting radiation light from the diamond wherein the detection unit detects radiation light generated by irradiating the diamond with the excitation light by the excitation light irradiation unit without irradiating the diamond with the electromagnetic wave; It may include a conductive member that is arranged at a distance of 10 mm or more from the sensor unit and that transmits electromagnetic waves. As a result, the magnetic field can be accurately detected without being damaged even in a high voltage environment of 1 kV or more.
- the conductive member can be arranged at a distance of 50 mm or more from the sensor section. As a result, detection accuracy can be improved without being damaged even in a high voltage environment of 5 kV or more.
- the conductive member may be arranged at a distance of 100 mm or more from the sensor section. As a result, even in a high voltage environment of 10 kV or more, the detection accuracy can be improved without being damaged.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit can further include an optical waveguide that transmits excitation light and emission light.
- the sensor portion containing diamond may be entirely made of an electrical insulating member. As a result, it is possible to prevent damage to the sensor section even if discharge or the like occurs in a high-voltage environment in which the sensor section is arranged.
- the sensor unit may be installed in an environment where a voltage difference of 200V or more can occur. As a result, damage to the sensor section can be avoided even if discharge or the like occurs in a voltage environment of 200 V or more.
- the sensor unit may be installed in an environment where a voltage difference of 600V or more can occur. As a result, damage to the sensor section can be avoided even if discharge or the like occurs in a high voltage environment of 600 V or higher.
- the sensor unit may be installed in an environment where a voltage difference of 1100V or more can occur. As a result, damage to the sensor section can be avoided even if discharge or the like occurs in a high voltage environment of 1100 V or higher.
- the sensor unit can be installed in an environment in which the magnetism or magnetic field sensed by detecting emitted light by the detection unit includes frequency components of 1 kHz or less. As a result, it is possible to detect a magnetic field that instantaneously changes in a pulse shape, and to detect abnormalities such as partial discharge.
- the sensor unit may be installed in an environment in which the magnetism or magnetic field sensed by detecting emitted light by the detection unit includes frequency components of 100 Hz or less. As a result, an AC magnetic field generated by power transmission can be detected in a power transmission facility or the like, and an abnormality in the power transmission facility or the like can be detected.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit can further include an applying section that applies a combination of alternating magnetism, magnetic field, potential and electric field patterns in time along with irradiating the diamond with excitation light from the excitation light irradiation section. .
- an applying section that applies a combination of alternating magnetism, magnetic field, potential and electric field patterns in time along with irradiating the diamond with excitation light from the excitation light irradiation section.
- the spin coherence time of diamond may be less than 50 ⁇ sec.
- the total hydrogen concentration in diamond can be greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 10 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be shortened, and the NV center quickly returns from the excited state to the original state, so that AC magnetic and electric fields can be efficiently detected.
- the total hydrogen concentration in diamond may be greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 1 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be appropriately shortened while suppressing the movement of electrons from the NV ⁇ center to the hydrogen side to prevent it from functioning as a center (NV 0 ). Since the NV center quickly returns from the excited state to the original state, it can efficiently detect AC magnetic and electric fields without lowering the detection sensitivity.
- NVH - concentration, CH concentration and CH 2 concentration in the diamond may all be greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 10 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be shortened, and the NV center quickly returns from the excited state to the original state. Therefore, alternating magnetic and electric fields, including pulse-like magnetic and electric fields, can be efficiently detected.
- NVH - concentration, CH concentration and CH 2 concentration in diamond may all be greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 1 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be appropriately shortened while suppressing the movement of electrons from the NV - center to the hydrogen side to prevent the NV - center from functioning (NV 0 ). Since the NV center quickly returns from the excited state to the original state, it can efficiently detect alternating magnetic and electric fields, including pulse-like magnetic and electric fields, without deteriorating detection sensitivity.
- a diamond magnetic sensor system includes the diamond magnetic sensor unit described above, an application unit, a control unit that controls the excitation light irradiation unit, the detection unit, and the application unit, and controls Along with the excitation light, the application unit temporally combines alternating magnetism, magnetic field, potential and electric field patterns and applies them to the diamond. As a result, the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy without being damaged in a high voltage environment.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 includes an excitation light generator 106, a fluorescence reflection filter 110, an optical waveguide 112, a sensor section 120, an LPF 122 and a light receiving section 128.
- a controller 142 is arranged outside the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 .
- the control unit 142 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a storage unit (both not shown). The later-described processing performed by the control unit 142 is realized by the CPU reading and executing a program stored in advance in the storage unit.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- storage unit both not shown.
- the excitation light generator 106 includes a light emitting element 102 and a light collecting element 104 .
- the light emitting element 102 is controlled by the control unit 142 to generate excitation light for exciting the NV - center of diamond (hereinafter abbreviated as NV center), which will be described later.
- NV center the optical path of excitation light is indicated by a dotted line.
- the control unit 142 supplies, for example, a voltage for causing the light emitting element 102 to emit light to the light emitting element 102 at a predetermined timing.
- the excitation light is green light (ie wavelength about 490-560 nm).
- the excitation light is preferably laser light, and the light emitting element 102 is preferably a semiconductor laser (for example, the wavelength of emitted light is 532 nm).
- the light collecting element 104 collects the excitation light output from the light emitting element 102 .
- the condensing element 104 is for inputting as much of the excitation light diffused and output from the light emitting element 102 as possible to the light incident end portion of the optical waveguide 112, which will be described later.
- the condensing element 104 outputs collimated light condensed in a range smaller than the size of the light incident end of the optical waveguide 112 (for example, when using an optical fiber, its core diameter (i.e. core diameter)). preferably.
- the fluorescence reflection filter 110 is an element for separating excitation light incident from the condensing element 104 and light emitted from diamond (that is, fluorescence), which will be described later.
- the fluorescence reflection filter 110 may be a short-pass filter that passes light with a wavelength below a predetermined wavelength and cuts (i.e. reflects) light with a wavelength greater than a predetermined wavelength, or a short-pass filter that passes light with a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range and passes light with a predetermined wavelength. It is a bandpass filter that cuts (ie reflects) light with wavelengths outside the wavelength range. Such a configuration is preferable because excitation light generally has a shorter wavelength than fluorescence.
- Fluorescence reflection filter 110 is preferably a dichroic mirror with such a function.
- the optical waveguide 112 includes a medium for transmitting light and transmits light in both directions. That is, the excitation light incident on the first end arranged on the excitation light generating section 106 side is transmitted to the second end arranged on the sensor section 120 side. It also transmits radiation (ie, fluorescence) of the diamond element 116 incident on the second end to the first end.
- the optical waveguide 112 is, for example, an optical fiber.
- the core diameter of the optical fiber be as small as possible.
- the core diameter of the optical fiber is about 80 ⁇ m or less and 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the sensor section 120 includes a condensing element 114 and a diamond element 116 .
- Diamond element 116 includes NV centers.
- Concentrating element 114 is placed in contact with diamond element 116 .
- the condensing element 114 converges the excitation light output from the optical waveguide 112 and irradiates it onto the diamond element 116 . That is, the control unit 142 controls the light emitting element 102 to output excitation light at a predetermined timing for a predetermined time (t1). After a predetermined time (t2) has passed since the excitation light was output, the control unit 142 acquires the output signal of the light detection unit 126 at a predetermined timing for a predetermined time (t3) and stores it in the storage unit.
- the NV center has a structure in which carbon (C) atoms in the diamond crystal are replaced with nitrogen (N) atoms, and carbon atoms that should be present adjacent thereto are absent (ie, vacancies (V)).
- the NV center forms a spin triplet state with magnetic quantum numbers m s of ⁇ 1, 0, and +1 in a state in which one electron is trapped (that is, NV ⁇ ).
- the NV center transitions from the ground state E1 to the excited state E2 while maintaining the spin state by green light with a wavelength of about 490 to 560 nm (for example, 532 nm laser light), for example, through the intermediate state E3, It emits light and returns to the ground state E1. At this time, red light with a wavelength of approximately 630 to 800 nm is emitted.
- the present disclosure after irradiating the NV center with excitation light, radiation light is measured without irradiating electromagnetic waves such as microwaves, and the magnetic field at the position of the NV center is detected. Specifically, the measurement is performed in the same manner as disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like.
- a method of sensing a magnetic field without radiating electromagnetic waves uses the PL or decoherence property of the NV center under the influence of an external magnetic field.
- the intensity of PL emitted from the NV center exponentially attenuates over time, the extent of which depends on the external magnetic field, and the stronger the external magnetic field, the faster the intensity attenuates.
- the measured value of PL can be approximated by a triple exponential function related to measurement time (see Non-Patent Document 2). Therefore, for example, with regard to the diamond to be used, if the relationship between the external magnetic field and the degree of attenuation of the signal intensity of the observed PL is derived in advance, the value of PL measured after a predetermined time has elapsed from the irradiation of the excitation light, It can detect an external magnetic field and identify the magnetic field strength.
- a magnetic field with a magnitude of about 10 mT to 20 mT can be detected in this manner without using microwaves.
- the NV centers that can be formed in four directions according to sp3 bonding ( bonding by sp3 hybrid orbitals) of diamond all isotropically sense the external field, resulting in the highest contrast ratio (i.e. signal-to-noise ratio). ) becomes higher.
- Deviating from this orientation for example, if the NV center is oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field, the NV center loses its magnetic sensitivity. Therefore, only the non-perpendicular NV center of the four directions has contrast, and the sensitivity of the sensor is lowered.
- GSLAC ground-state level anti-crossing
- an external magnetic field of about 102.4 mT causes degeneracy and mixing (ie, anti-crossing) of Zeeman sublevels of NV centers, which can be observed as a decrease in fluorescence intensity under photoexcitation. That is, if the NV center is under some magnetic field, the fluorescence of the NV center will change and the change can be measured.
- two electromagnets are required to apply the static magnetic field and the perturbing magnetic field.
- an electromagnet e.g., an air-core coil
- a sweeping magnetic field e.g., varying from 0 to 120 mT in 5 seconds
- a small perturbing magnetic field e.g., amplitude about 0.1 mT, frequency an electromagnet for applying 100 kHz.
- the process of applying a swept magnetic field to the diamond and applying a perturbing magnetic field using a lock-in amplifier local oscillator, irradiating excitation light, and detecting PL using a lock-in amplifier is repeated.
- the magnetic field at the position of the NV center (that is, the composite magnetic field of the sweep magnetic field and the external magnetic field to be detected) reaches about 102.4 mT
- GSLAC is observed in the PL measurement signal.
- a magnetic field can be used to sense an external magnetic field to be sensed.
- the trough of the PL measurement signal observed near about 51.4 mT may be detected. This valley is due to cross-relaxation of the NV center and its surrounding P1 centers (single alternative nitrogen donors of electrons).
- the external magnetic field of the detection target can be detected.
- Specific PL measurements are made as follows. That is, the light (that is, fluorescence) emitted diffusely from the diamond element 116 is collected by the light collecting element 114 and input to the second end of the optical waveguide 112 as parallel light. In FIG. 2, the optical path of emitted light is indicated by a dashed line.
- Light (that is, fluorescence) input to the optical waveguide 112 is transmitted by the optical waveguide 112 and output from the first end of the optical waveguide 112 .
- Light (that is, fluorescence) output from the first end of the optical waveguide 112 is reflected by the fluorescence reflection filter 110, passes through the LPF 122, is collected by the light collecting element 124, and enters the light detection section 126. be.
- the photodetector 126 As a result, light affected by the magnetic field at the position where the diamond element 116 is arranged is detected by the photodetector 126 .
- the photodetector 126 generates and outputs an electrical signal corresponding to incident light.
- the photodetector 126 is, for example, a photodiode.
- the output signal of the photodetector 126 is acquired by the controller 142 .
- the LPF 122 is a long-pass filter that passes light with a wavelength equal to or greater than a predetermined wavelength and cuts (eg, reflects) light with a wavelength smaller than a predetermined wavelength.
- the emitted light of the diamond element 116 is red light and passes through the LPF 122 while the excitation light has a shorter wavelength and does not pass through the LPF 122 .
- the excitation light emitted from the light emitting element 102 can be prevented from being detected by the light detection unit 126 and becoming noise, and thus the detection sensitivity of the diamond element 116 for emitted light (that is, fluorescence) can be prevented from deteriorating. can.
- the control unit 142 can irradiate the diamond element 116 with excitation light and acquire the light emitted from the diamond element 116 (that is, fluorescence) as an electric signal output from the light detection unit 126 . From the observed emitted light, the magnetic field strength at the location of the diamond element 116 can be calculated. That is, the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 functions as a magnetic sensor.
- the diamond sensor unit 100 can be used as a sensor for detecting not only magnetic fields but also physical quantities related to magnetic fields such as magnetization, electric field, voltage, current, temperature and pressure.
- the sensor unit 120 does not include a conductive member that transmits electromagnetic waves, such as a microwave irradiation coil, and the diamond element 116, which is the main body of the sensor, and the condensing element 114 are formed of an electrical insulator. That is, the sensor section 120 is entirely made of an electrical insulating member. Therefore, even in a high-voltage environment, the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy without the sensor itself being damaged by partial discharge or the like.
- the influence of partial discharge or the like will not affect the excitation light generating unit 106 and the light receiving unit. 128 can be avoided.
- the excitation light generator 106 and the light receiver 128 can be placed far away from the high voltage environment via the optical waveguide 112, and the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 can remotely measure the magnetic field.
- the sensor section 120 includes the condensing element 114 arranged between the diamond element 116 and the optical waveguide 112, it is possible to reduce loss of excitation light and emitted light and improve detection accuracy.
- the excitation light and the emission light can be obtained as described later.
- the number of components can be reduced and the configuration can be simpler than when two media are provided to transmit each of the .
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 may include a conductive member that transmits electromagnetic waves that affect the NV center of the diamond.
- a conductive member is included, it is preferable that the conductive member is separated from the sensor section 120 by 10 mm or more. As a result, the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy. More preferably, the conductive member is separated from the sensor unit 120 by 50 mm or more. Thereby, detection accuracy can be improved. More preferably, the conductive members are spaced apart by 100 mm or more. Thereby, the detection accuracy can be further improved. Since the actual dimensions of the lens holder, the optical fiber plug, the receptacle, etc.
- the separation distance is less than 10 mm, if the separation distance is less than 10 mm, the effect of non-uniformity of the electromagnetic field may occur. That is, there is a possibility that it may lead to equipment failure, such as becoming a starting point of insulation breakdown, or arc discharge occurring from the transmission line when a sudden potential change such as a lightning strike occurs.
- the sensor unit can be installed in or around a device (such as a transformer or a solar power generation facility) that normally generates a voltage difference of 200 V or more.
- a device and its surroundings that is, an area within a predetermined range from the device
- the sensor unit may be installed in an environment where a voltage difference of 600 V or 1100 V or more normally occurs (eg, power receiving and transforming equipment, high-voltage transmission lines, distribution lines, wind power generation equipment, etc.). Even if electric discharge or the like occurs in such an environment, the sensor section can be prevented from being damaged and the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy.
- one optical waveguide 112 is used to transmit light (that is, excitation light and emission light) in both directions.
- An optical waveguide is used to transmit each.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure includes an excitation light generating section 206, a first optical waveguide 212, a light collecting element 208, a fluorescence reflecting filter 210, a sensor section 220, an LPF 222, It includes a condensing element 224 , a second optical waveguide 230 and a light receiving portion 228 .
- a controller 142 is arranged outside the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200, as in the first embodiment.
- the excitation light generator 206 includes a light emitting element 202 and a light collecting element 204 .
- Sensor portion 220 includes light collection element 214 and diamond element 216 .
- the light receiving section 228 includes a light detecting section 226 .
- the light emitting element 202, the light collecting element 204, the fluorescence reflecting filter 210, the light collecting element 214, the diamond element 216, the LPF 222 and the light detecting section 226 are respectively the light emitting element 102, the light collecting element 104 and the fluorescence reflecting filter 110 shown in FIG. , the light collection element 114, the diamond element 116, the LPF 122 and the photodetector 126, and function similarly. Therefore, these will be briefly described.
- FIG. 4 as in FIG. 2, the optical path of excitation light is indicated by a dotted line, and the optical path of emission light is indicated by a broken line.
- the light emitting element 202 generates excitation light for exciting the NV center of diamond under the control of the control unit 142 .
- the control unit 142 supplies, for example, a voltage for causing the light emitting element 202 to emit light to the light emitting element 202 at a predetermined timing.
- the excitation light is green light.
- the excitation light is preferably laser light, and the light emitting element 202 is preferably a semiconductor laser.
- the condensing element 204 condenses the excitation light diffused and output from the light emitting element 202 and inputs it to the light incident end of the first optical waveguide 212 .
- the first optical waveguide 212 includes a medium that transmits light. Unlike the optical waveguide 112 shown in FIG. 2, the first optical waveguide 212 transmits the excitation light but not the emission light of the diamond element 216 . That is, the excitation light incident on the incident end portion of the first optical waveguide 212 located on the excitation light generating section 206 side is transmitted to the output end portion located on the sensor section 220 side and output.
- the first optical waveguide 212 is, for example, an optical fiber.
- the excitation light diffused and output from the first optical waveguide 212 is condensed by the condensing element 208 and enters the fluorescence reflecting filter 210 as parallel light.
- the fluorescence reflection filter 210 is an element for separating excitation light incident from the condensing element 208 and light emitted from the diamond element 216 (that is, fluorescence). Fluorescence reflecting filter 210 may be a dichroic mirror.
- the condensing element 214 converges the excitation light input through the fluorescence reflection filter 210 and irradiates it onto the diamond element 216 .
- Concentrating element 214 is placed in contact with diamond element 216 .
- Diamond element 216 includes NV centers.
- the timing of irradiating the diamond element 216 with the excitation light is controlled by the controller 142 . This causes the diamond element 216 to emit red light (ie, fluorescence), as described above.
- the light diffusely emitted from the diamond element 216 (that is, the red fluorescence) is collected by the condensing element 214 into parallel light and enters the fluorescence reflecting filter 210 .
- the light (that is, red fluorescence) incident on the fluorescence reflection filter 210 is reflected by the fluorescence reflection filter 210 and enters the LPF 222 .
- the emitted light (that is, red fluorescent light) of the diamond element 216 that enters the LPF 222 passes through the LPF 222 , is collected by the light collecting element 224 , and enters the incident end of the second optical waveguide 230 .
- the LPF 222 suppresses the excitation light emitted from the light emitting element 202 from being detected by the light detection section 226 and becoming noise, and thus prevents the detection sensitivity of the diamond element 216 for emitted light (that is, fluorescence) from deteriorating. Suppress.
- the second optical waveguide 230 includes a medium that transmits light.
- the second optical waveguide 230 transmits the light incident on the incident end from the condensing element 224 (that is, the emitted light from the diamond element 216) to the output end arranged on the light receiving section 228 side.
- Light output from the second optical waveguide 230 is detected by the photodetector 226 .
- the photodetector 226 is, for example, a photodiode.
- the output signal of the photodetector 226 is acquired by the controller 142 .
- the control unit 142 irradiates the diamond element 216 with excitation light, and converts the light (that is, fluorescence) emitted from the diamond element 216 into an electric signal output from the light detection unit 226 as in the first embodiment.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 functions as a magnetic sensor.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 can be used as a sensor for detecting not only magnetic fields but also physical quantities related to magnetic fields such as magnetization, electric fields, voltages, currents, temperatures and pressures.
- the sensor unit 220 does not include a conductive member that transmits electromagnetic waves, such as a microwave irradiation coil, and the diamond element 216, which is the body of the sensor, and the light collecting element 214 are formed of an electrical insulator. That is, the sensor section 220 is entirely made of an electrical insulating member. Therefore, even in a high-voltage environment, the magnetic field can be detected with high accuracy without the sensor itself being damaged by partial discharge or the like.
- the sensor unit 220 includes the light collecting element 214 arranged between the diamond element 216 and the first optical waveguide 212 and the second waveguide 230, loss of excitation light and emitted light is reduced, and detection accuracy is improved. can be improved.
- excitation light with different wavelengths and radiation light from the diamond element 216 can be transmitted appropriately. That is, by using an optical fiber with a core diameter corresponding to the wavelength, it is possible to design a condensing optical system (that is, the condensing elements 204, 208, 214 and 224) suitable for each, improve the light transmission efficiency, and detect the light. Can improve accuracy.
- the core diameter of the optical fiber that transmits diamond radiation light i.e., the second optical waveguide 230
- the core diameter of the optical fiber that transmits excitation light i.e., the first optical waveguide 212). is preferably large.
- the optical fiber used to transmit pumping light should have a small core diameter in order to increase the energy density of the pumping light. input into the fiber from . Therefore, there is an appropriate core diameter.
- the core diameter of the first optical waveguide 212 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the larger the core diameter of the optical fiber for transmitting the light emitted from the diamond element 216 the better.
- the core diameter of the second optical waveguide 230 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
- the fluorescence reflection filter 210 is used to separate the excitation light and the emission light of the diamond element 216, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- An LPF may be used to separate the excitation light and the emission light of the diamond element 216 .
- diamond magnetic sensor unit 300 uses LPF 302 to separate excitation light from light emitting element 202 and radiation light from diamond element 216 .
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 300 replaces the fluorescence reflection filter 210 with the LPF 302 in the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 (see FIG. 4), and has a path for generating and transmitting excitation light and transmitting and detecting emitted light from the diamond element 216. It replaces the route.
- LPF 302 is a long pass filter.
- constituent elements with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4 represent the same ones as in FIG. Therefore, redundant description will not be repeated with respect to them.
- the optical path of excitation light is indicated by dotted lines, and the optical path of emitted light is indicated by broken lines.
- the excitation light generated by the light emitting element 202 is condensed by the condensing element 204 and input to the incident end of the first optical waveguide 212 .
- the pumping light is transmitted through the first optical waveguide 212 , is output from the output end of the first optical waveguide 212 , is condensed by the condensing element 224 into parallel light, and enters the LPF 302 . Since the excitation light is green light, it is reflected by the LPF 302 and enters the condensing element 214 .
- the light emitted from the diamond element 216 is condensed by the condensing element 214 into parallel light and enters the LPF 302 .
- the emitted light (that is, red fluorescence) of the diamond element 216 passes through the LPF 302 and is condensed by the condensing element 224, enters the second optical waveguide 230, is transmitted to the light receiving portion 228 by the second optical waveguide 230, and is received. detected by unit 228 . Therefore, like the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 of the second embodiment, the diamond magnetic sensor unit 300 functions as a sensor that detects magnetic fields and the like.
- the excitation light is incident on one surface of the diamond element containing the NV center, and the emission light from the same surface is measured, but the present invention is not limited to this. If the diamond element containing the NV center has multiple flat surfaces, the surface irradiated with the excitation light and the surface measured with the emitted light may be different.
- a flat surface means a plane having an area greater than or equal to a predetermined area, and here, a flat surface of the diamond element containing the NV center means a plane having an area larger than a circle having a diameter of about 200 ⁇ m. .
- diamond magnetic sensor unit 400 detects light emitted from a surface different from the surface on which excitation light is incident on diamond element 402 .
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 400 is the same as the diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 shown in FIG. 4 except that the sensor unit 220 is replaced with the sensor unit 408, and the condensing element 208, the fluorescence reflecting filter 210 and the condensing element 224 are removed. be.
- constituent elements with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4 represent the same elements as in FIG. Duplicate descriptions will not be repeated with respect to them.
- the optical path of excitation light is indicated by a dotted line
- the optical path of emission light is indicated by a broken line.
- the sensor section 408 includes a diamond element 402 , a condensing element 404 and a condensing element 406 .
- the diamond element 402 includes NV centers and has multiple planar surfaces.
- the diamond element 402 is formed, for example, in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the condensing element 404 is arranged in contact with one flat surface (hereinafter referred to as the first flat surface) of the diamond element 402 .
- the condensing element 406 is arranged in contact with a flat surface (hereinafter referred to as a second flat surface) of the diamond element 402 that is different from the first flat surface.
- the excitation light transmitted by the first optical waveguide 212 enters the condensing element 404 and is condensed by the condensing element 404 to irradiate the first flat surface of the diamond element 402 .
- the diamond element 402 emits light by irradiating the diamond element 402 with excitation light at a predetermined timing. Emitted light is emitted in all directions.
- the light emitted from the second flat surface of the diamond element 402 (that is, the red fluorescent light) is condensed by the condensing element 406 into parallel light, enters the LPF 222, passes through the LPF 222, and passes through the second optical waveguide 230. Incident at the incident end.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 400 functions as a sensor that detects magnetic fields and the like.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit can have a simpler configuration, and the cost can be reduced.
- the diamond element 402 is formed in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and the first flat surface and the second flat surface are two surfaces forming 90 degrees, it is not limited to this. If the diamond element 402 is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped, a flat surface parallel to the first flat surface may be used as the second flat surface for collecting the radiation to be detected. Moreover, the diamond element 402 only needs to have at least two flat surfaces, and the shape of the diamond element 402 is not limited to hexahedron, and the shape of the diamond element 402 is arbitrary.
- diamond magnetic sensor unit 500 according to the third modification is obtained by removing condensing element 114 from diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 shown in FIG. That is, the sensor portion 502 includes the diamond element 116 but does not include the light collecting element. A diamond element 116 is placed in contact with the second end of the optical waveguide 112 .
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 500 similarly to the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 (see FIG. 2), when the diamond element 116 is irradiated with excitation light (that is, green light) output from the light emitting element 102, the NV center of the diamond element 116 is excited, emits light (ie red fluorescence) and returns to its original state. Therefore, by measuring the emitted light, the diamond magnetic sensor unit 500 functions as a magnetic sensor.
- the magnetic field measurement method is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the sensor unit 502 does not include conductive members such as coils, and is entirely composed of electrical insulating members. Therefore, even if the sensor unit 502 is installed in a high-voltage facility, it will not be damaged by discharge or the like, and can safely measure a magnetic field or the like in a high-voltage environment.
- a diamond magnetic sensor unit according to the fourth modification uses a mirror to form an optical waveguide.
- diamond magnetic sensor unit 600 includes excitation light generator 106 , sensor section 120 , LPF 122 , light receiver 128 , concave mirror 602 and convex mirror 604 .
- a controller 142 is arranged outside the diamond magnetic sensor unit 600 .
- the excitation light generator 106 includes a light-emitting element 102 and a light-collecting element 104 .
- Sensor portion 120 includes light collection element 114 and diamond element 116 .
- the light receiving section 128 includes a light detecting section 126 .
- constituent elements with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2 represent the same ones as in FIG. Therefore, redundant description will not be repeated with respect to them.
- the concave mirror 602 has a shape obtained by cutting a sphere with a radius r1 centered at the point O along a plane.
- the shape of the end portion (that is, the cut portion) of the concave mirror 602 is circular with a diameter d1.
- the concave mirror 602 is formed with an aperture 606 for passing the excitation light from the excitation light generator 106 and an aperture 608 for passing the emitted light.
- Apertures 606 and 608 are, for example, circular.
- the curved surface facing the convex mirror 604 is a reflection surface of the emitted light (hereinafter referred to as a mirror surface).
- the convex mirror 604 has a shape obtained by cutting a sphere with a radius r2 centered at the point O along a plane.
- the shape of the end portion (ie, cut portion) of the concave mirror 602 is circular with a diameter d2.
- the curved surface facing the concave mirror 602 is a mirror surface.
- the optical path of excitation light is indicated by a dotted line, and the optical path of emitted light is indicated by a broken line.
- the excitation light generated by the light-emitting element 102 is condensed by the condensing element 104 to become parallel light, propagates through space, enters the condensing element 114 , condenses, and irradiates the diamond element 116 . That is, the space functions as an optical waveguide for the excitation light, and the space constitutes the optical waveguide for the excitation light.
- the light emitted from the diamond element 116 is sequentially reflected by the concave mirror 602 and the convex mirror 604 and enters the light receiving section 128 through the aperture 608 .
- the concave mirror 602, the convex mirror 604, and the space constitute an optical waveguide for emitted light.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit 600 functions as a sensor that detects a magnetic field or the like, like the diamond magnetic sensor unit 100 of the first embodiment.
- the center of the concave mirror 602 and the center of the convex mirror 604 are both located at the point O, but the centers of the concave mirror 602 and the center of the convex mirror 604 may be located at different positions.
- the case where the ends of each of the concave mirror 602 and the convex mirror 604 are circular (that is, a shape obtained by cutting a spherical surface by a plane) has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the mutually facing surfaces of the concave mirror 602 and the convex mirror 604 may be mirror surfaces, and the shapes of the ends of the concave mirror 602 and the convex mirror 604 are arbitrary.
- the case where the excitation light is transmitted through the optical waveguide 212 such as an optical fiber has been described.
- diamond magnetic sensor unit 200 (see FIG. 4) and diamond magnetic sensor unit 300 (see FIG. 5) may not include optical waveguide 212 and light collecting element 208 . Since the excitation light output from the light emitting element 202 is collected by the light collecting element 204 and becomes parallel light, the light collecting element 208 may be omitted. The excitation light collected by the collection element 204 is transmitted by the space itself and enters the fluorescence reflectance filter 210 or LPF 302 . Similarly, diamond magnetic sensor unit 400 (see FIG. 6) may not include optical waveguide 212 . The excitation light collected by the collection element 204 is transmitted by the space itself and enters the collection element 404 .
- a diamond element having a color center with electron spin may be used.
- a color center having an electron spin is a center that forms a spin triplet state and emits light when excited, and NV centers are typical examples.
- silicon-vacancy centers (ie Si-V centers), germanium-vacancy centers (ie Ge-V centers), and tin-vacancy centers (ie Sn-V centers) also have color with electron spin. Centers are known to exist. Therefore, a diamond element including these may be used instead of a diamond element including the NV center to construct a diamond magnetic sensor unit.
- a laser beam is preferable for the excitation light, and a semiconductor laser is more preferable as the generator because it can be miniaturized.
- the detector for the emitted light of the diamond element may be of the vacuum tube type, a semiconductor detector device is more preferable in terms of miniaturization.
- the optical waveguide preferably has a two-layer or more coaxial structure having a core portion through which light passes and a portion formed around the core and made of a material having a different refractive index from that of the core portion.
- the core portion need not be a densely packed form of the light transmitting medium.
- the core portion may be hollow, as the space itself can transmit light.
- the optical waveguide is preferably an optical fiber having a core diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 80 ⁇ m or less. This is because if an optical fiber is used, the laser light can be guided to a desired position relatively easily, and divergence at the output end of the optical fiber can be suppressed.
- the condensing element may be made of a substance that has the effect of condensing light.
- it may be a lens made of a silicon oxide-based material (for example, glass, which may contain additives other than silicon oxide) or a substance with a diffraction function.
- the condensing element is preferably a lens that transmits light and utilizes a refraction phenomenon.
- a spherical lens, a hemispherical lens, a Fresnel lens, and the like are preferred.
- a lens in which the focal point of parallel light is positioned on the spherical surface is more preferable due to the relationship between the refractive index and the spherical shape. This is because the use of such a lens greatly simplifies the adjustment of the optical focus and optical axis, thereby maximizing the amount of light.
- an optical waveguide for example, an optical fiber
- the excitation light generator and the light receiver can be insulated from the high voltage, and devices used in the excitation light generator and the light receiver can be protected.
- the NV center of the diamond element when the diamond magnetic sensor unit described above is used to detect changes over time such as a fluctuating magnetic field for alternating current power, the NV center of the diamond element, after being excited, quickly recovers from the state of emitting light. (ie the state before excitation).
- the spin coherence time T2 of the diamond element is short.
- the diamond element preferably has a spin coherence time T2 of less than 50 ⁇ sec.
- the detection sensitivity is proportional to (T2) -1/2 , the detection sensitivity decreases as T2 decreases. Therefore, when detecting sudden changes in magnetic field fluctuations, for example, when detecting pulse-like magnetic field fluctuations, it is conceivable to sacrifice the detection sensitivity and shorten the spin coherence time T2 of the diamond element as much as possible.
- the diamond element preferably contains impurities.
- the total hydrogen concentration in diamond is preferably more than 0 ppm and 10 ppm or less.
- the concentration (ppm unit) represents the ratio of the number of atoms.
- the total hydrogen concentration in diamond is more preferably greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 1 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be appropriately shortened while suppressing electrons from moving from the NV - center to the hydrogen side and not functioning as the center.
- each of the NVH 3 ⁇ concentration, CH concentration and CH 2 concentration in the diamond is greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 10 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be shortened, and the NV center quickly returns from the excited state to the original state, so that AC magnetic and electric fields can be efficiently detected.
- each of the NVH 2 ⁇ concentration, CH concentration and CH 2 concentration in diamond is more preferably greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 1 ppm.
- the spin coherence time T2 of diamond can be appropriately shortened while suppressing electrons on the NV - center side from moving to the hydrogen side and failing to function as a color center.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit can be installed in an environment where the magnetism or magnetic field contains frequency components of 100 Hz or less, and the magnetism or the magnetic field can be detected.
- the magnetism or magnetic field contains frequency components of 100 Hz or less
- an alternating magnetic field generated by power transmission can be used as a detection target, and abnormality detection in the power receiving and transforming equipment and the like is possible.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit can be installed in an environment where the magnetism or magnetic field contains frequency components of 1 kHz or less, and the magnetism or the magnetic field can be detected. For example, it is possible to detect a magnetic field that instantaneously changes in a pulse shape, and to detect abnormalities such as partial discharge.
- the diamond magnetic sensor unit includes an application device (eg, an electromagnet, etc.) for forming patterns of alternating magnetic, magnetic, potential and electric fields in combination in time.
- an application device eg, an electromagnet, etc.
- FIG. 9 shows that the condensing element 214 and the diamond element 216 that make up the sensor section are placed near the electrical wiring 260, an alternating current (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 30 A) is passed through the electrical wiring 260, and the fluctuations caused by this The arrangement is shown when a magnetic field is to be detected.
- an alternating current eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 30 A
- FIG. 9 components corresponding to the components shown in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the first optical waveguide 212 and the second optical waveguide 230 for example, step-index multimode optical fibers are used.
- the first optical waveguide 212 has, for example, a core diameter of 50 ⁇ m and an NA (that is, numerical aperture) of 0.2.
- the second optical waveguide 230 has, for example, a core diameter of 400 ⁇ m and an NA of 0.5.
- the diamond element 216 for example, a rectangular parallelepiped diamond of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm is used.
- a triangular prism 250 is arranged in addition to the condensing element 208 and the fluorescence reflection filter 210 to constitute a collimating optical system.
- the collimating optics allow the excitation light to be adjusted to be centered on the focusing element 214 .
- a PIN-AMP that is, a photodiode IC having a linear current amplifier circuit
- the PIN-AMP is, for example, a photo IC diode S7183 or S7184 (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics KK).
- This photo IC diode has a sensitivity wavelength range of 300 to 1000 nm and a maximum sensitivity wavelength of 650 nm, and amplifies the photocurrent generated by the photodiode by 1300 times and outputs it.
Abstract
Description
特許文献1及び特許文献2に開示された装置においては、NVセンタを含むダイヤモンドにマイクロ波を照射する必要がある。そのため、マイクロ波発生装置、マイクロ波照射用コイル、及び、ダイヤモンド近傍に配置したマイクロ波照射用コイルまでマイクロ波を伝送する機構が必要となり、コストが高くなる問題がある。
本開示によれば、高電圧環境においても損傷を受けることなく、遠隔からも精度よく磁場及び電場等を検知可能なダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット及びダイヤモンド磁気センサシステムを提供できる。
本開示の実施形態の内容を列記して説明する。以下に記載する実施形態の少なくとも一部を任意に組合せてもよい。
以下の実施形態においては、同一の部品には同一の参照番号を付してある。それらの名称及び機能も同一である。したがって、それらについての詳細な説明は繰返さない。
図2を参照して本開示の第1実施形態に係るダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット100は、励起光発生部106、蛍光反射フィルタ110、光導波路112、センサ部120、LPF122及び受光部128を含む。ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット100の外部には、制御部142が配置されている。
第1実施形態においては、1つの光導波路112を用いて、双方向に光(即ち励起光及び放射光)を伝送したが、第2実施形態においては、ダイヤモンド素子116の励起光及び放射光の各々を伝送する光導波路を用いる。図4を参照して本開示の第2実施形態に係るダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット200は、励起光発生部206、第1光導波路212、集光素子208、蛍光反射フィルタ210、センサ部220、LPF222、集光素子224、第2光導波路230及び受光部228を含む。ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット200の外部には、第1実施形態と同様に、制御部142が配置されている。
第2実施形態においては、蛍光反射フィルタ210を用いて、励起光とダイヤモンド素子216の放射光とを分離したが、これに限定されない。励起光とダイヤモンド素子216の放射光とを、LPFを用いて分離してもよい。
上記では、NVセンタを含むダイヤモンド素子の1つの面に励起光を入射し、その同じ面からの放射光を測定する場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。NVセンタを含むダイヤモンド素子が、複数の平坦な面を有している場合、励起光を照射する面と、放射光を測定する面とが異なっていてもよい。平坦面とは、所定以上の面積を有する1つの平面を意味し、ここでは、NVセンタを含むダイヤモンド素子の平坦面とは、直径約200μmの円よりも大きい面積を有する1つの平面を意味する。
上記では、センサ部が集光素子を含む場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。第3変形例に係るダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット500は、図7を参照して、図2に示したダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット100から集光素子114を取除いたものである。即ち、センサ部502は、ダイヤモンド素子116を含むが、集光素子を含まない。ダイヤモンド素子116は、光導波路112の第2の端部に接触して配置されている。
第1及び2実施形態においては、励起光及びダイヤモンド素子の放射光を伝送する光導波路を、光を伝送する媒体を用いて構成する場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。第4変形例に係るダイヤモンド磁気センサユニットは、鏡を用いて光導波路を構成する。具体的には、図8を参照して、ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット600は、励起光発生部106、センサ部120、LPF122、受光部128、凹面鏡602及び凸面鏡604を含む。第1実施形態と同様に、ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット600の外部には、制御部142が配置されている。
図4に示した構成の実施例を図9に示す。図9は、センサ部を構成する集光素子214及びダイヤモンド素子216を電気配線260の近傍に配置し、電気配線260に交流電流(例えば、50Hz又は60Hz、30A)を流し、これにより発生する変動磁場を検知対象とする場合の配置を示している。図9において、図4に示した構成要素に対応するものは、図4と同じ符号を付している。
102、202 発光素子
104、114、124、204、208、214、224、404、406 集光素子
106、206 励起光発生部
110、210 蛍光反射フィルタ
112 光導波路
116、216、402 ダイヤモンド素子
120、220、408、502 センサ部
122、222、302、908 LPF
126、226 光検知部
128、228 受光部
142 制御部
212 第1光導波路
230 第2光導波路
250 三角プリズム
260 電気配線
602 凹面鏡
604 凸面鏡
606、608 開口
912、914、916 基板
900 LED
902 SPF
904 ダイヤモンド
906 レンズ
910 フォトダイオード
E1、E2、E3 エネルギーレベル
O 点
r1、r2 半径
d1、d2 直径
Claims (17)
- 電子スピンを持つカラーセンタを有するダイヤモンドを含むセンサ部と、
前記ダイヤモンドに励起光を照射する励起光照射部と、
前記ダイヤモンドの前記カラーセンタからの放射光を検知する検知部とを含み、
前記検知部は、前記ダイヤモンドに電磁波が照射されることなく、前記励起光照射部により前記ダイヤモンドに前記励起光が照射されたことにより発生する前記放射光を検知し、
前記センサ部から10mm以上離隔して配置され、前記電磁波を伝達する導電部材を含み得る、ダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。 - 前記導電部材は、前記センサ部から50mm以上離隔して配置される、請求項1に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記導電部材は、前記センサ部から100mm以上離隔して配置される、請求項1に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記励起光及び前記放射光を伝送する光導波路をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記ダイヤモンドを有する前記センサ部は、全て電気絶縁部材で形成されている、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記センサ部は、200V以上の電圧差が生じ得る環境に設置される、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記センサ部は、600V以上の電圧差が生じ得る環境に設置される、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記センサ部は、1100V以上の電圧差が生じ得る環境に設置される、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記センサ部は、前記検知部により前記放射光が検知されることによりセンシングされる磁気又は磁場が1kHz以下の周波数成分を含む環境に設置される、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記センサ部は、前記検知部により前記放射光が検知されることによりセンシングされる磁気又は磁場が100Hz以下の周波数成分を含む環境に設置される、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記励起光照射部による前記励起光の前記ダイヤモンドへの照射と共に、交流の磁気、磁場、電位及び電場のパターンを時間的に組合せて印加する印加部をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記ダイヤモンドのスピンコヒーレンス時間は、50μsec未満である、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記ダイヤモンド中の全水素濃度は、0ppmより大きく10ppm以下である、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記ダイヤモンド中の全水素濃度は、0ppmより大きく1ppm以下である、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記ダイヤモンド中のNVH-濃度、CH濃度及びCH2濃度のいずれも、0ppmより大きく10ppm以下である、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 前記ダイヤモンド中のNVH-濃度、CH濃度及びCH2濃度のいずれも、0ppmより大きく1ppm以下である、請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニット。
- 請求項11に記載のダイヤモンド磁気センサユニットと、
前記励起光照射部、前記検出部、及び前記印加部を制御する制御部を含み、
前記制御部は、前記励起光と共に、前記印加部により、交流の磁気、磁場、電位及び電場のパターンを時間的に組合せて前記ダイヤモンドに照射する、ダイヤモンド磁気センサシステム。
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