WO2022149578A1 - Ac-225溶液の製造方法およびAc-225溶液を用いた医薬の製造方法 - Google Patents
Ac-225溶液の製造方法およびAc-225溶液を用いた医薬の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/12—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules
- A61K51/121—Solutions, i.e. homogeneous liquid formulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/088—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins conjugates with carriers being peptides, polyamino acids or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/0497—Organic compounds conjugates with a carrier being an organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
- A61K51/1096—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies radioimmunotoxins, i.e. conjugates being structurally as defined in A61K51/1093, and including a radioactive nucleus for use in radiotherapeutic applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
- G21G4/04—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources
- G21G4/06—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources characterised by constructional features
- G21G4/08—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources characterised by constructional features specially adapted for medical application
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a 225 Ac solution or a method for producing a drug using the solution.
- RI internal therapy is performed in which a drug containing a radioisotope (RI) is selectively taken into a lesion such as a tumor for treatment.
- RI radioisotope
- alpha rays have a short range, so that the effect of unnecessary exposure to surrounding normal cells is small.
- 225 Ac which is one of the alpha ray emitting nuclides, is a radionuclide having a half-life of 10 days, and is expected as a therapeutic nuclide in cancer treatment and the like in recent years.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for separating and purifying a 225 Ac component from a solution containing 226 Ra ions and 225 Ac ions, which is obtained by dissolving a 226 Ra target after particle irradiation.
- Radioisotopes of actinium obtained at the same time as the production of 225 Ac include 224 Ac (half-life 2.9 days) and 226 Ac (half-life 29 hours). Since 224 Ac and 226 Ac have a half-life shorter than 225 Ac, they are separated from 225 Ac and 226 Ra after being allowed to stand for a certain period of time to decay 224 Ac and 226 Ac into metal ectopic species other than actinium. Has been done. However, we have noticed that this method does not take into account the products produced by the fission of 226 Ra.
- 140 La Since 140 La has a half-life of 1.7 days, it may be extinguished by decay. However, in the coexistence of 140 Ba, the half-life of 140 La becomes the same as 140 Ba due to radiative equilibrium, so 140 La In the end, it was found that there was a problem that 225 Ac was lost due to the need for a longer standing period than the decay of 224 Ac and 226 Ac.
- One aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a 225 Ac solution having a high 225 Ac concentration while suppressing the attenuation of 225 Ac.
- One aspect of the invention is to irradiate a 226 Ra target with at least one particle selected from protons, heavy protons, neutrons and photons to provide a radioisotope (Ac) of two or more actiniums, including at least 225 Ac.
- Step (I) to generate The step (II) of dissolving the 226 Ra target after the above step (I) to obtain a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing 226 Ra and Ac, and The Ac solution containing the 226 Ra target-derived 226 Ra and Ac contained in the Ra-Ac solution (1) and having an increased Ac concentration (particularly purity) as compared with the Ra-Ac solution (1).
- (V) and Including The Ac solution (4) is a method for producing a 225 Ac solution, which is used for producing the medicine shown in the following (a) or (b).
- a drug containing a complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and an Nd2 antibody as an active ingredient (b) A complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and a targeting agent (excluding the Nd2 antibody) A drug containing the body as an active ingredient
- another aspect of the present invention is a step (VIa) of complex-forming the chelating agent with 225 Ac using the 225 Ac solution obtained by performing the above steps (I) to the above steps (V). It is a manufacturing method of the said medicine including.
- FIG. 2 (a) is the ⁇ spectrum of the 225 Ac product (primary separation) 4 days after EOB in Example 2
- FIG. 2 (b) is the ⁇ spectrum of Example 2 20 days after EOB.
- It is a ⁇ spectrum of a 225 Ac product (secondary separation)
- FIG. 2 (c) is a ⁇ spectrum of a commercially available standard 225 Ac (manufactured by a generator).
- FIG. 3 (a) is the ⁇ spectrum of the purified 225 Ac product 19 days after EOB in Example 2
- FIG. 3 (b) is the ⁇ spectrum of the commercially available standard 225 Ac.
- a 226 Ra target is irradiated with at least one particle selected from a proton, a heavy proton, a neutron and a photon.
- Step (II) in which the 226 Ra target after the step (I) is dissolved to obtain a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing 226 Ra and Ac,
- the Ac solution (2) contained in the Ra-Ac solution (1) and having a higher Ac concentration (particularly purity) than the Ra-Ac solution (1) by separating 226 Ra derived from the Ra target and Ac .
- step (III) The step (IV) of collapsing a radioactive isotope of actinium other than 225 Ac contained in the Ac solution (2) to obtain a Ra-Ac solution (3) containing the radium isotope (Ra) obtained by the decay.
- the Ac solution (4) is a method for producing a 225 Ac solution, which is used for producing the medicines shown in the following (a) or (b).
- a drug containing a complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and an Nd2 antibody as an active ingredient (b) A complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and a targeting agent (excluding the Nd2 antibody) A drug containing the body as an active ingredient
- actinium having a mass number of 225 it is described as 225 Ac
- radioactive isotope of actinium it is described as Ac.
- radium and the like the same applies to radium and the like.
- step (I) the 226 Ra target is irradiated with at least one particle selected from protons, heavy protons, neutrons and photons to obtain two or more actinium radioisotopes (Ac), including at least 225 Ac. Generate. 226 By irradiating the Ra target with particles, Ac is generated through decay or the like in some cases. Radioisotopes (Acs) of two or more actiniums, including at least 225 Ac, include 225 Ac and at least one selected from 224 Ac and 226 Ac.
- the 226 Ra target is not particularly limited as long as it contains 226 Ra, but it is preferable that the 226 Ra is immobilized on the substrate.
- An example of a method for producing a 226 Ra target is a method for producing a Ra target having a certain thickness by precipitating and filtering 226 RaCO 3 on a silicon carbide (SiC) filter. From the viewpoint of efficiently producing a Ra target, an electrodeposition method in which free Ra in a solution is electrically solidified on a substrate is preferable.
- the electrodeposition method for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-508531 describes that a radium-containing substance is electrodeposited on an aluminum substrate from one organic aqueous solution containing radium ions, but a high voltage is applied.
- a method of electrodepositing the substrate with an electrodeposition solution containing a pH buffer is more preferable.
- An example of such a technique is International Publication No. 2020/256066 filed by one of the applicants.
- the particles it is preferable to accelerate the particles by using an accelerator such as a cyclotron or a linear accelerator, preferably a cyclotron, and irradiate the 226 Ra target with the accelerated particles.
- an accelerator such as a cyclotron or a linear accelerator, preferably a cyclotron
- protons deuteriums or photons are preferable, and protons are more preferable.
- a nuclear reaction of 226 Ra (p, 2n) 225 Ac occurs, and 224 Ac and / or 226 Ac are produced as impurities.
- the raw material of the 226 Ra target usually contains Ba in addition to 226 Ra, and a technique for separating 226 Ra and Ba has been developed as in Patent Document 1, but 226 . Since it is difficult to completely remove Ba from the Ra target, if the 226 Ra target contains Ba, when protons are used among the above particles, 132 La (half-life) is caused by the nuclear reaction between Ba and the protons. 4.8 hours) and 135 La (half-life 19.5 hours) are produced. In one aspect of the present invention, these radioactive heteronuclides are sequentially removed in each step described later.
- step (II) the 226 Ra target after step (I) is dissolved to obtain a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing 226 Ra and Ac.
- the Ra-Ac solution (1) obtained shortly after the completion of the step (I) contains, for example, 224 Ac, 225 Ac, 226 Ac, 226 Ra, 140 Ba, 132 La, 135 La. included.
- An acid may be used to dissolve the 226 Ra target.
- the acid may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- examples of the acid include inorganic acids, and examples of the inorganic acids include nitrate, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
- nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are preferable, and nitric acid is particularly preferable, from the viewpoints that 226 Ra and Ac can be sufficiently dissolved and the following step (III) can be efficiently performed.
- the acid is preferably 10 times or more, more preferably 20 times or more, preferably 50 times or less, more preferably 40 times or less the molar amount of the 226 Ra. Is used.
- step (III) 226 Ra derived from the 226 Ra target contained in the Ra-Ac solution (1) and Ac are separated, and the Ac concentration (particularly purity) is higher than that of the Ra-Ac solution (1).
- step (III) for example, an Ac solution (2) containing 224 Ac, 225 Ac, and 226 Ac and a Ra solution (2) containing 226 Ra and 140 Ba can be obtained.
- step (III) for example, 226 Ra and 140 Ba can be separated and removed from the Ra-Ac solution (1) containing 224 Ac, 225 Ac, 226 Ac, 226 Ra and 140 Ba, so that the Ac solution ( 2) is a solution having an increased Ac concentration (particularly purity) as compared with the Ra-Ac solution (1).
- the T1 is preferably as short as possible, and the lower limit of the T1 is the time during which the step (II) can be carried out.
- the T1 is preferably less than 7 days, more preferably 5 days or less.
- the amount of 225 Ac produced from the 226 Ra target is very small, and most of the 226 Ra remains unreacted, but the Ra solution (Ra solution) because 226 Ra is a valuable nuclide and is not easy to dispose of. 2) is preferably collected and reused.
- the Ra solution (2) is reused as an electrodeposition solution or the like for producing a 226 Ra target, for example, after undergoing a purification step or the like, if necessary. Examples of such a technique include International Publication No. 2021/002275 filed by one of the applicants.
- any technique can be adopted as long as it can separate 226 Ra and Ac, and a suitable example thereof is a technique using a solid-phase extractant that captures Ra, Ac.
- the solid-phase extractant preferably includes a cation exchange resin, a solid-phase extractant (a) containing a compound represented by the following formula (A), and a solid phase containing a compound represented by the following formula (B). Examples thereof include at least one selected from the extractant (b) and the solid-phase extractant (c) containing the compound represented by the following formula (C).
- the separation of Ra and Ac may be performed twice or more.
- the same cation exchange resin may be used for two or more separations, or different cation exchange resins may be used for two or more separations.
- the ion exchange resin and, for example, the solid-phase extractant (a) may be used for two or more separations.
- the order in which the cation exchange resin and the solid-phase extractant (a) are used is not particularly limited.
- the case where the solid-phase extractants (a), (b) and (c) are used is the same as the case where the cation exchange resin is used.
- After separating Ra and Ac it is preferable to perform a cleaning step of cleaning the cation exchange resin and the solid-phase extractant.
- the step (III) even if the amount of the solvent used is small, the Ac solution (2) having high Ac purity can be easily obtained from the Ra-Ac solution (1). It is preferable that the step is to separate Ra and Ac using the solid-phase extractant (a) and then separate Ra and Ac using the solid-phase extractant (b).
- the solution obtained by alkalizing the Ra-Ac solution (1), filtering the colloidal actinium hydroxide with a membrane filter or the like, and collecting the solution on the filter is Ra.
- the Ac solution (2) can also be obtained by obtaining the solution (2) and dissolving the collected Ac on the filter.
- cation exchange resin examples include a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, and examples of a commercially available product of the cation exchange resin include "AG 50W” manufactured by Bio-Rad. ..
- a resin having a function of selectively adsorbing divalent cations hereinafter, also referred to as “resin (i)” is used because it can separate Ra and Ac more efficiently. preferable.
- the Ra-Ac solution (1) is brought into contact with the resin (i) under alkaline conditions, and Ra ions are adsorbed on the resin (i).
- a method of obtaining a Ra solution (2) by obtaining a passing solution as an Ac solution (2) and elution of Ra ions from the resin (i) under acidic conditions can be mentioned.
- the resin (i) is preferably one that can form a complex with metal ions under alkaline conditions and can elute the metal ions under acidic conditions, and examples thereof include those having a divalent cation exchange group. Be done.
- Specific examples of the divalent cation exchange group include an iminodiacetic acid group, a polyamine group, and a methylglycan group, and an iminodiacetic acid group is preferable.
- a more preferable example of the resin (i) is a styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer retaining an iminodiacetic acid group.
- Examples of commercially available products of such resins having iminodiacetic acid groups include “Cherex” series manufactured by Bio-Rad, “Diaion” series manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and “Amberlite” series manufactured by Dow Chemical Corporation. More specifically, “Chelex100” manufactured by Bio-Rad (particle size: 50 to 100 mesh, ionic type: Na type, Fe type) can be mentioned.
- the resin (i) may be used by filling the tube.
- the tube is not particularly limited as long as it can be filled with the resin (i) and has flexibility, but is preferably a flexible tube made of rubber, resin or the like, and more preferably a medical tube.
- the length can be made longer than that of a general glass column, that is, the number of theoretical plates can be increased, so that the adsorption efficiency of Ra ions can be improved.
- the tube can be easily disposed of without radioactively contaminating other instruments or devices while the tube is filled with the resin (i) after passing the radioactive substance.
- the solid-phase extractant (a) is not particularly limited as long as it contains the compound represented by the following formula (A), and may contain conventionally known components contained in the solid-phase extractant.
- the solid-phase extractant (a) may be a solid-phase extractant consisting only of the compound represented by the following formula (A), or the compound represented by the following formula (A) and other components (eg:). Even a solid-phase extract containing a conventionally known additive or an inert support (including a solid-phase extract in which a compound represented by the following formula (A) is introduced into the inert support). good.
- the solid-phase extractant (a) may contain one kind of compound represented by the following formula (A), or may contain two or more kinds.
- the solid-phase extractant (a) is preferably an inert support containing the compound represented by the following formula (A), and more preferably porous silica or an organic polymer containing the compound represented by the following formula (A).
- the pore diameter of the porous silica is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 to 150 ⁇ m.
- a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing a high-concentration acid eg, 0.3 M or more in the case of nitric acid
- the solid-phase extractant By passing the liquid through (a), the Ac ion is selectively retained in the solid-phase extractant (a), the passing solution is obtained as the Ra solution (2), and the solid-phase extractant (a) retaining the Ac ion.
- a low-concentration acid solution By passing a low-concentration acid solution to elute the retained Ac ions to obtain an Ac solution (2).
- the solid-phase extractant (a) has a high concentration of the acid used for separating Ra and Ac (the Ac ion is retained in the solid-phase extractant (a) and passed through the Ra ion).
- the solid-phase extractant (a) in this step (III) Ra ions and Ac ions are used even if the amount of the solvent used for separating Ac ions from the solution containing Ra ions and Ac ions is small. And can be sufficiently separated.
- Examples of the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (a) include the same acid as the acid used in the Ra-Ac solution (1), and the preferred acid is also the same.
- the acid used may be one type or two or more types.
- the concentration of the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (a) is such that Ra and Ac can be separated more efficiently (the amount of Ac passing through and the amount of Ra retained are small).
- nitric acid is used as the acid, it is preferably 0.3 M or more, more preferably 0.5 M or more, preferably 4.0 M or less, and when hydrochloric acid is used as the acid, it is preferably 1 M or more, preferably 8 M. It is as follows.
- the flow rate of the Ra-Ac solution (1) when the Ra-Ac solution (1) is passed through the solid-phase extractant (a) is preferable from the viewpoint that Ra and Ac can be separated more efficiently.
- Examples of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (a) include the same acid as the acid used in the Ra-Ac solution (1), and the preferred acid is also the same.
- the acid used may be one type or two or more types.
- the concentration of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (a) is not particularly limited as long as the retained Ac ions can be sufficiently eluted from the solid-phase extractant (a), but the acid used is Ra. -When an acid similar to the acid used in the Ac solution (1) is used, it is preferable that the concentration difference is large.
- the concentration of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (a) is preferably larger than 0 M, preferably 0.2 M or less, more preferably 0.1 M or less, and even more preferably 0.1 M or less. It is 0.01 M or less, and when hydrochloric acid is used as the acid, it is preferably larger than 0 M and 0.2 M or less.
- the concentration of the high-concentration acid has a concentration difference from the concentration of the low-concentration acid from the viewpoint of being able to be eluted, and it is preferable that the concentration of the low-concentration acid is 1. It is 15 or more.
- the flow rate of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (a) is preferably 0.1 mL / from the viewpoint that the retained Ac ions can be sufficiently eluted from the solid-phase extractant (a). It is min or more, more preferably 0.5 mL / min or more, preferably 20 mL / min or less, and more preferably 10 mL / min or less.
- the solid-phase extractant (a) is not particularly limited, but a commercially available product may be used as an example, and examples thereof include “DGA resin” and “DGA branched resin” manufactured by Eichrom Technologies.
- m and n are independently 0 or 1, and m and n are preferably 1.
- R 1 to R 4 are independently alkyl groups having 8 to 12 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be linear or may have a branch. R 1 to R 4 are independent of each other, preferably an octyl group or a 2-ethylhexyl group.
- the solid-phase extractant (b) is not particularly limited as long as it contains the compound represented by the following formula (B), and may contain conventionally known components contained in the solid-phase extractant.
- the solid-phase extractant (b) may be a solid-phase extractant consisting only of the compound represented by the following formula (B), or the compound represented by the following formula (B) and other components (eg:). Even a solid-phase extraction agent containing a conventionally known additive or an inert support (including a solid-phase extraction agent in which a compound represented by the following formula (B) is introduced into the inert support). good.
- the solid-phase extractant (b) may contain one kind of compound represented by the following formula (B), or may contain two or more kinds.
- the solid-phase extractant (b) is preferably an inert support containing the compound represented by the following formula (B), and more preferably porous silica or an organic polymer containing the compound represented by the following formula (B).
- the pore diameter of the porous silica is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 to 150 ⁇ m.
- a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing a low-concentration acid eg, 0.2 M or less in the case of nitric acid
- the solid-phase extractant By passing the liquid through (b), the Ac ion is selectively retained in the solid-phase extractant (b), the passing solution is obtained as the Ra solution (2), and the solid-phase extractant (b) retaining the Ac ion.
- a high-concentration acid solution By passing a high-concentration acid solution to elute the retained Ac ions to obtain an Ac solution (2).
- Examples of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (b) include the same acid as the acid used in the Ra-Ac solution (1), and the preferred acid is also the same.
- the acid used may be one type or two or more types.
- the concentration of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (b) is such that Ra and Ac can be separated more efficiently (the amount of Ac passing through and the amount of Ra retained are small).
- nitric acid is used as the acid, it is preferably larger than 0 M, preferably less than 0.2 M, more preferably 0.1 M or less, still more preferably 0.01 M or less, and when hydrochloric acid is used as the acid, it is preferably larger than 0 M. , 0.2M or less.
- the flow velocity when passing the Ra-Ac solution (1) through the solid-phase extractant (b) is preferable from the viewpoint that Ac ions can be sufficiently retained in the solid-phase extractant (b).
- the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (b) examples include the same acid as the acid used in the Ra-Ac solution (1), and the preferred acid is also the same.
- the acid used may be one type or two or more types.
- the concentration of the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (b) is preferably 0.2 M or more, more preferably 0.3 M or more, still more preferably 0.5 M or more. It is preferably 4 M or less, more preferably 2 M or less, still more preferably 1 M or less, and when hydrochloric acid is used as the acid, it is preferably 0.3 M or more, preferably 8 M or less.
- the flow rate of the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (b) is preferably 0.5 mL / from the viewpoint that the retained Ac ions can be sufficiently eluted from the solid-phase extractant (b). It is min or more, more preferably 1 mL / min or more, still more preferably 2 mL / min or more, preferably 30 mL / min or less, more preferably 25 mL / min or less, still more preferably 20 mL / min or less.
- the solid-phase extractant (b) is not particularly limited, but a commercially available product may be used as an example, and examples thereof include “Ln resin”, “Ln2 resin”, and “Ln3 resin” manufactured by Eichrom Technologies.
- R 5 and R 6 are independently -R'or -OR'(R'is an alkyl group having 8 carbon atoms).
- the alkyl group having 8 carbon atoms in the R' may be linear or may have a branch, and preferred examples thereof include an octyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, and 2-methyl-4,4-. Examples include the dimethylpentyl group.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the formula (B) include compounds represented by the following formulas (B-1) to (B-3).
- the solid-phase extractant (c) is not particularly limited as long as it contains a compound represented by the following formula (C), and may contain conventionally known components contained in the solid-phase extractant.
- the solid-phase extraction agent (c) may be a solid-phase extraction agent consisting only of a compound represented by the following formula (C), or a compound represented by the following formula (C) and other components (eg, example).
- a solid-phase extraction agent containing R 10 -OH R 10 is an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably an octyl group), a conventionally known additive, and an inert support).
- the solid-phase extractant (c) may contain one kind of compound represented by the following formula (C), or may contain two or more kinds.
- the solid-phase extractant (c) is preferably an inert support containing the compound represented by the following formula (C), and more preferably porous silica or an organic polymer containing the compound represented by the following formula (C).
- the pore diameter of the porous silica is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 to 150 ⁇ m.
- a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing a high concentration of acid is passed through the solid phase extractant (c) to pass 226 .
- Ra ions are selectively retained in the solid phase extractant (c) to obtain a passing solution as an Ac solution (2), and a low concentration acid is passed through the solid phase extractant (c) retaining 226 Ra ions.
- a method of obtaining a Ra solution (2) by eluting the retained 226 Ra ions can be mentioned.
- the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (c) examples include the same acid as the acid used in the Ra-Ac solution (1), and the preferred acid is also the same.
- the acid used may be one type or two or more types.
- the concentration of the high-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (c) is preferably more than 0.1 M, more preferably 1 M or more, preferably 8 M or less, more preferably. Is 4M or less.
- Examples of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (c) include the same acid as the acid used in the Ra-Ac solution (1), and the preferred acid is also the same.
- the acid used may be one type or two or more types.
- the concentration of the low-concentration acid used in the solid-phase extractant (c) is preferably larger than 0 M, preferably 0.1 M or less, and more preferably 0.05 M or less.
- the solid-phase extractant (c) is not particularly limited, but a commercially available product may be used as an example, and examples thereof include "Sr resin” manufactured by Eichrom Technologies.
- R8 and R9 are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear or may have a branch, and preferred examples include a t-butyl group.
- step (IV) a Ra-Ac solution (3) containing a radium isotope (Ra) obtained by decaying a radioactive isotope of actinium other than 225 Ac contained in the above Ac solution (2). To get.
- This step (IV) preferably gives a Ra-Ac solution (3) containing 225 Ac, 224 Ra and 226 Ra.
- “degrading the radioactive isotopes of actinium other than 225 Ac” means that the radioactive isotopes of actinium other than 225 Ac contained in the Ac solution (2), specifically, 224 Ac, 226 Ac or the like. It refers to the decay of both to produce the isotope (Ra) of radium. 224 Ac decays to give 224 Ra (half-life 3.66 days). 226 Ac decays to produce 226 Ra and 226 Th (half-life 30.9 minutes). In step (IV), it is sufficient that a part of 224 Ac and 226 Ac is decayed, but it is preferable that 224 Ac and 226 Ac are sufficiently decayed.
- T2 When the time from the end of the step (III) to the start of the step (V) described later is T2, it is preferable that T2 is longer than T1, that is, the relationship of T2> T1 is satisfied, but T2 ⁇ 2. It is more preferable to satisfy the relationship of ⁇ T1.
- the lower limit of T2 is preferably the time during which 226 Ac is sufficiently decayed. By doing so, radium isotopes can be produced from 224 Ac and 226 Ac, and 226 Th can be extinguished.
- the upper limit of T2 is preferably set from the viewpoint of suppressing the attenuation of 225 Ac as much as possible.
- T2 has a 140 La amount / 225 Ac amount of preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -5 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -6 or less, and further, 7 days after the end of the step (V) described later. More preferably, it can be set to be 1 ⁇ 10 -7 or less.
- Step (V) Ra and Ac contained in the Ra-Ac solution (3) are separated to obtain an Ac solution (4) having a 225 Ac purity higher than that of the Ra-Ac solution (3). obtain. Since the Ac solution (4) can separate and remove 224 Ra and 226 Ra from the Ra-Ac solution (3) containing, for example, 225 Ac, 224 Ra and 226 Ra, the Ac solution (4) can be separated from the Ra-Ac solution (3). The solution has a higher 225 Ac concentration (particularly purity).
- step (V) As a specific method of the step (V), the same method as that of the step (III) can be mentioned.
- the period from the process (I) to the end of the process (V) can be, for example, one month.
- the Ac solution (4) obtained in the above step (V) is used for producing the drug shown in the following (a) or (b).
- the above-mentioned medicines include (a) a medicine containing a complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and an Nd2 antibody as an active ingredient, or (b) a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and a targeting agent (however, however). It is a drug containing a complex with (excluding Nd2 antibody) as an active ingredient.
- the chelating agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of complex formation with 225 Ac, and examples thereof include the following compounds and compounds containing a structure derived from the compound.
- DOTMA ((1R, 4R, 7R, 10R) - ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '', ⁇ '''-tetramethyl-1, 4,7,10-tetrazaciclododecane-1, 4,7,10-tetracetic acid)
- DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetracis (carbamoylmethyl) -1,4,7,10-tetrazaciclidecane)
- DOTA-GA ⁇ - (2-Carboxythyl) -1,4,7,10-ttraazzacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- DOTP ((
- the Nd2 antibody is not limited as long as it is an antibody derived from Nd2, which is a type of antibody that specifically binds to mutin subtype 5AC, and may be a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, or a mouse antibody. However, it may be a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody.
- Nd2 antibody mouse antibody described in Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 87, 977-984, 199 and the like, chimeric antibody described in JP-A-7-203974, JP-A-11-5749 and the like. , International Publication No. 2013/157102, International Publication No. 2013/157105 and the like.
- the targeting agent refers to an agent other than the Nd2 antibody, which has a chemical structure for expressing directivity toward a target organ or tissue in a living body or specificity to a target molecule.
- the target organ, tissue or target molecule is also collectively referred to as a “target site”.
- targeting agents preferably chain peptides, cyclic peptides or combinations thereof, proteins, antibodies (excluding Nd2 antibodies) or fragments thereof, growth factors, affibody, unibody, nanobody, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, vitamins.
- the targeting agent is preferably a targeting agent composed of amino acids, and the amino acids constituting the targeting agent may be natural or synthesized, and the molecular weight is not particularly limited. ..
- the polypeptide may be a peptide having 3 or more constituent amino acid residues, and specifically, a chain peptide, a cyclic peptide or a combination thereof, a protein, or an antibody (excluding Nd2 antibody).
- examples thereof include an antibody (immunoglobulin) having a class of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE, an antibody fragment such as a Fab fragment, an F (ab') 2 fragment, and a peptide aptamer.
- the targeting agent is an antibody (excluding Nd2 antibody)
- it is preferably a mouse antibody, a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody having the ability to specifically bind to an antigen, and more preferably a humanized antibody.
- the substance has stable physical properties and is excellent in integration into a target site.
- the antibody may be used as an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and such an embodiment is also included in one embodiment of the present invention.
- peptides other than antibodies that can be used as targeting agents are conventionally known methods, for example, liquid phase synthesis method, solid phase synthesis method, automatic peptide synthesis method, gene recombination method, phage display method. , Genetic code reprogramming, RaPID (Random non-standard Peptide Integrated Discovery) method and the like.
- the functional groups of the amino acids used may be protected, if necessary.
- the Nd2 antibody or the targeting agent In order to combine the Nd2 antibody or the targeting agent with the chelating agent, for example, a known reaction such as a click reaction can be adopted.
- the Nd2 antibody and the targeting agent may be directly bound to the chelating agent or indirectly via other known linker structures such as PEG.
- the Nd2 antibody and the targeting agent may be complexed with the chelating agent by using a modified reaction atomic group capable of binding to other structures.
- a targeting agent which is an Nd2 antibody or an IgG antibody with a chelating agent for example, by using the technique described in International Publication No. 2016/186206, the Fc region of the antibody is site-specific. Can be modified.
- a complex may be prepared by complexing the chelating agent with 225 Ac and then combining with the Nd2 antibody or the targeting agent, or the chelating agent may be previously Nd2 antibody or When bound to a targeting agent, the chelating agent and 225 Ac may be complexed to form a complex.
- reaction atomic group in the present specification refers to a chemical structure in which a reaction directly occurs when one compound and the other compound are bonded.
- the click reaction is, for example, a reaction caused by a combination of alkyne and azide, or a combination of diene and dienophile.
- the atomic group capable of click reaction is preferably an atomic group that can be used for a metal catalyst-free click reaction.
- Specific examples of the click reaction by such a combination of atomic groups include a Husgen cycloaddition reaction and a reverse electron-requested Diels-Alder reaction.
- a triazole skeleton can be formed by a click reaction by introducing an Nd2 antibody or a targeting agent, an atomic group containing an alkyne in one of the chelating agents, and an atomic group containing an azide in the other as a click-reactable atomic group. .. Further, by introducing an atomic group containing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine into one of the Nd2 antibody or targeting agent and a chelating agent, and an atomic group containing an alkene (dienophile) in the other, a pyridazine skeleton is obtained by a click reaction. Can be formed.
- the click-reactable atomic group examples include an atomic group containing dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) as an alkyne, an atomic group containing an azido group as an azide, and an atomic group containing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine as a diene.
- Examples of the alkene (dienofil) include atomic groups containing trans-cyclooctyne (TCO).
- DBCO dibenzocyclooctine
- DBCO-C6-Acid for example, DBCO-Amine, DBCO-Maleimide, DBCO-PEG acid, DBCO-PEG-NHSester, DBCO-PEG-Alcohol, DBCO-PEG-amine, DBCO-PEG-NH-Boc, Carboxyrhodamine-PEG-DBCO, Sulforhodamine-PEG-DBCO, TAMRA-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Biotin , DBCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Maleimide, TCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-mPEG and other DBCO reagents can be used.
- DBCO-C6-Acid for example, DBCO-Acid, DBCO-Amine, DBCO-Maleimide, DBCO-PEG acid, DBCO-PEG-NHS
- Another aspect of the invention is a lysing and purifying solution in which a 226 Ra target irradiated with particles (eg, at least one selected from protons, deuterons, neutrons and photons) is lysed and the resulting solution is purified. Be done.
- the ratio of the amount of 140 La to the amount of 225 Ac ( 140 La amount / 225 Ac amount) in the dissolution and purification solution one month after the irradiation of the particles is 1 ⁇ 10 -5 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ . It is 6 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -7 or less.
- Such a dissolution and purification liquid is a liquid having a small amount of 140 La and a high 225 Ac concentration (particularly purity).
- the dissolution and purification liquid can be the Ac solution (4) produced by the present production method. Further, it is preferable that the dissolved and purified liquid is specifically used for producing the medicine shown in the above (a) or (b).
- the method for producing a drug according to another aspect of the present invention includes the following step (VIa).
- reaction of complex-forming the chelating agent with 225 Ac can be carried out in the presence of an arbitrary solvent while appropriately heating or the like.
- Such reactions include International Publication No. 2021/0353530 and International Publication No. 2021/075546 filed by one of the applicants.
- the step (VIa) may further include the step of forming a complex of the chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and the Nd2 antibody or the targeting agent, and it is preferable to include the step.
- Examples of the step of producing the complex include the same steps as those described in the column of the present manufacturing method.
- the step (VIa) can further include a formulation step for obtaining a drug containing a complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and an Nd2 antibody or a targeting agent as an active ingredient.
- various additives such as pH adjusters such as citric acid buffer, phosphate buffer and borate buffer, solubilizers such as polysorbate, stabilizers and antioxidants may be added as appropriate.
- the radioactivity concentration may be adjusted by diluting with an isotonic solution such as water or physiological saline.
- the formulation step may include a step of adding various additives or adjusting the concentration, and then performing sterilization filtration with a membrane filter or the like to obtain an injection.
- (V) and A method for producing a 225 Ac solution which comprises.
- the ratio of 140 La amount to 225 Ac amount ( 140 La amount / 225 Ac amount) in the above Ac solution (4) is 1 ⁇ 10 -5 or less 7 days after the completion of the above step (V).
- the solid-phase extractant contains a cation exchange resin, a solid-phase extractant (a) containing the compound represented by the above formula (A), and a solid containing the compound represented by the above formula (B).
- a dissolution-purified solution of the 226 Ra target irradiated with particles A dissolution-purified solution in which the ratio of 140 La amount ( 140 La amount / 225 Ac amount) to the 225 Ac amount in the dissolution-purified solution one month after irradiation of the particles is 1 ⁇ 10 -5 or less.
- the step (II) was performed in which the 226 Ra target obtained in the step (I) was dissolved to obtain a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing 226 Ra and Ac. Assumed.
- the radioactivity ( 225 Ac amount) of 225 Ac in the Ra-Ac solution (1) obtained in this step (II) was standardized to 1.00 (1.00E + 00).
- the amount of 224 Ac is 5.05E + 01
- the amount of 226 Ac is 1.07E + 00
- the amount of 226 Ra derived from 226 Ac excluding 226 Ra derived from the 226 Ra target is 4. It was calculated that the amount of .53E-09 and 140 Ba was 3.44E-03 and the amount of 140 La was 2.89E-05.
- step (III) of obtaining the Ac solution (2) by separating the 226 Ra derived from the 226 Ra target contained in the Ra-Ac solution (1) and the Ac is performed.
- the time from the completion of the above step (I) to the start of this step (III) was set to 6 hours (0.25 days).
- the time of separation of 226 Ra and Ac it was assumed that the Group 3 elements, lanthanoid elements and actinide elements of the periodic table could not be separated from Ac, and the other elements could be separated 100%.
- the amount of 225 Ac is 9.83E-01
- the amount of 224 Ac is 1.20E + 01
- the amount of 226 Ac is 9.31E-01
- the amount of 226 Ra is 0. .00
- 226 Ra amount at the start of step (III) is 5.50E-08)
- 140 Ba amount is 0.00
- 140 Ba amount at the start of step (III) is 3.45E-03)
- 140 The La amount was calculated to be 3.67E-04.
- step (V) of obtaining the Ac solution (4) was performed by separating Ra and Ac contained in the obtained Ra-Ac solution (3).
- the time from the completion of the above step (I) to the start of this step (V) was set to 504 hours (21 days). At the time of this separation of Ra and Ac, it was assumed that the Group 3 element, the lanthanoid element and the actinide element of the periodic table could not be separated from Ac, and the other elements could be separated 100%.
- the amount of 225 Ac is 2.33E-01
- the amount of 224 Ac is 0.00
- the amount of 226 Ac is 6.30E-06
- the amount of 226 Ra is 0. It was calculated that the amount of 226 Ra at the start of step (V) was 3.28E-07) and the amount of 140 La was 6.96E-08.
- the amount of 225 Ac in the Ac solution (4) 7 days after the step (V) (after 672 hours (28 days) after the completion of the step (I)) is 1.44E-01 and 224 Ac.
- the 226 Ac amount was 1.14E-07
- the 226 Ra amount was 2.20E-12
- the 140 La amount was 3.86E-09.
- the step (II) was performed in which the 226 Ra target obtained in the step (I) was dissolved to obtain a Ra-Ac solution (1) containing 226 Ra and Ac. Assumed.
- the radioactivity ( 225 Ac amount) of 225 Ac in the Ra-Ac solution (1) obtained in this step (II) was standardized to 1.00 (1.00E + 00).
- the amount of 224 Ac is 5.05E + 01
- the amount of 226 Ac is 1.07E + 00
- the amount of 226 Ra derived from 226 Ac excluding 226 Ra derived from the 226 Ra target is 4. It was calculated that the amount of .53E-09 and 140 Ba was 3.44E-03 and the amount of 140 La was 2.89E-05.
- step (III) of obtaining the Ac solution (2) by separating the 226 Ra derived from the 226 Ra target contained in the Ra-Ac solution (1) and the Ac is performed.
- the time from the completion of the above step (I) to the start of this step (III) was set to 504 hours (21 days).
- the time of separation of 226 Ra and Ac it was assumed that the Group 3 elements, lanthanoid elements and actinide elements of the periodic table could not be separated from Ac, and the other elements could be separated 100%.
- the amount of 225 Ac is 2.33E-01
- the amount of 224 Ac is 0.00
- the amount of 226 Ac is 6.30E-06
- the amount of 226 Ra is 0. .00
- 226 Ra amount at the start of step (III) is 3.82E-07)
- 140 Ba amount is 0.00
- 140 Ba amount at the start of step (III) is 1.12E-03
- 140 The La amount was calculated to be 1.29E-03.
- the amount of 225 Ac is 1.44E-01 and the amount of 224 Ac is 0. It was calculated that the amount of 0.00 and 226 Ac was 1.14E-07, the amount of 226 Ra was 2.20E-12, and the amount of 140 La was 7.14E-05.
- Example 1 ⁇ Process (I) A target obtained by electrodepositing 247 ⁇ Ci of 226 Ra on a gold plate ( ⁇ 30) with a cyclotron was irradiated with protons under the conditions of 18 MeV, 15 ⁇ A, and 0.5 hr ((p, 2n) reaction).
- the eluted 225 Ac was passed through an Ln resin (manufactured by Eichrom Technologies) (passing liquid (4)). The Ln resin was then washed with 10 mL of 0.05 M nitric acid (washing solution (5)). The passing liquid (4) and the cleaning liquid (5) were used as waste liquids. 10 mL of 0.7M nitric acid was passed through the washed Ln resin to elute 225 Ac ( 225 Ac solution (6)). As a result of measuring the obtained 225 Ac solution (6) with a germanium semiconductor detector, 225 Ac was 0.2 ⁇ Ci in terms of EOB (at the end of irradiation).
- Example 2 Manufacture of Ac-225 by irradiation with a cyclotron beam Irradiation with a 34 MeV H 2+ ( ionized molecular hydrogen) beam of NIRS-AVF-930 cyclotron at a nominal intensity of 10 ⁇ A for 3 to 5 hours was performed.
- the proton energy incident on the target material becomes 15.6 MeV as the beam passes through the vacuum foil (Al, 100 ⁇ m), the He cooling layer (30 mm), and the target foil (Nb, 50 ⁇ m).
- FIG. 1 shows the separation procedure performed 3 to 4 days after the end of irradiation (EOB).
- the target irradiated with the cyclotron was dissolved in 3 mL of 0.7M HNO 3 and the resulting solution was dispensed with a DGA cartridge (N, N, N', N'-tetra-n at a rate of 0.8 mL / min or less.
- -Octyldiglycolamide, 1 mL, manufactured by Eichrom Technologies was passed through, and 225 Ac was collected in a cartridge.
- 3 mL of 0.7M HNO 3 was added twice to the target container, and each washing fraction was also passed through the above DGA cartridge to 225. Ac was collected in a cartridge.
- the DGA cartridge was washed with 20 mL of 0.7M HNO 3 to wash and remove 226 Ra remaining on the DGA cartridge. Then, 5 mM HNO 3 (20 mL) was passed through the DGA at a rate of 0.8 mL / min or less to elute 225 Ac, and the fraction was collected in a vial. Subsequently, the crude 225 Ac fraction is passed through an Ln cartridge (di (2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid, 2 mL, manufactured by Eichrom Technologies), and the cartridge is washed with 10 mL of 50 mM HNO 3 and mixed. A trace amount of 226 Ra was removed and then thoroughly purged. All the fractions of the cleaning liquid were recovered as Ra recovery fractions to be reprocessed in the next use. Finally, 0.7M HNO 3 (10 mL) was passed through the Ln cartridge to elute 225 Ac, which was collected in another vial.
- Table 3 shows the results of the production (three times) performed in this example. Note that # 1 in Table 3 is the result when the above T1 is 5 days and the above T2 is 14 days, and # 2 is the result when the above T1 is 4 days and the above T2 is 21 days. , # 3 are the results when the above T1 is set to 4 days and the above T2 is set to 28 days.
- the 226 Ra target produced by electrodeposition on the cathode surface can be regarded as a thin target of 1.0 to 1.5 mg / cm 2 .
- the cross-sectional area ( ⁇ ) of 226 Ra (p, 2n) 225 Ac was estimated to be 353 mb at 15.6 MeV.
- 140 La which was slightly detected in the 225 Ac fraction, showed attenuation with a half-life of 1.67 ⁇ 0.10 days, which is in excellent agreement with its nominal half-life of 1.68 days, followed by 2-3. Weekly cooling attenuated to undetectable levels on the gamma spectrum. That is, the ratio of 140 La to 225 Ac could be reduced by performing the primary purification. For example, when the above sample was cooled for 19 to 20 days after EOB or for 2 weeks after the completion of separation, it was derived from another manufacturing method, 229 Th / 225 Ac generator (FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c)). A spectrum equivalent to that of 225 Ac was obtained. As shown in FIG.
- Example 3 (1-1. Complex formation step) A chelating agent represented by the following formulas (L1 and L2) was used.
- the DOTA-DBCO represented by the following formula (L1) can be found in Wang H et al. Selective in vivo metabolic cell-labeling-mediated cancer targeting. Nat Chem Biol. 13 (4): 415-424. (2017). It was synthesized according to the method described.
- the DOTAGA-DBCO represented by the following formula (L2) is Bernhard et al. DOTAGA-Anhydride: A Valuable Building Block for the Preparation of DOTA-Like Chelating Agents, Chem. Eur. J. 18 (25): 7834. -7841. Synthesized according to the method described in (2012).
- the chelating agent and the 225 Ac solution obtained according to the method described in Example 1 were reacted in sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) at 70 ° C. for 90 minutes to form a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac.
- a liquid containing ( 225 Ac complex liquid) was obtained.
- the peptide was produced by the method described in International Publication No. 2017/217347 to obtain a peptide containing 17 amino acid residues represented by the following formula (P3).
- the amino acid sequence of this peptide is the same as the sequence in which Xaa2 of SEQ ID NO: (2) is a lysine residue, and the side chain terminal amino group of the lysine residue is modified with the structure shown by R1 .
- cysteine residues are disulfide-bonded to each other, and the N-terminal of the peptide is via a linker structure having diglycolic acid and eight PEGs, and ethyl azide is used as an atomic group containing an azido group which is a reaction atomic group. It is a combination.
- Gly is glycine, Pro is proline, Asp is aspartic acid, Cys is cysteine, Ala is alanine, Tyr is tyrosine, His is histidine, Glu is glutamic acid, and Leu is. Leucine stands for valine, Trp stands for tryptophan, and Ph stands for phenylalanine.
- a mixed solution of a peptide represented by the above formula (P3) and a human IgG antibody (trastuzumab; manufactured by Roche) mixed with sodium acetate buffer (pH 6) is reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a peptide-modified antibody.
- a containing solution was obtained.
- the Fc region of the antibody is site-specifically modified by the above peptide.
- the method for measuring the radiochemical purity and the radiochemical yield of the complex was as follows. Thin layer chromatography (manufactured by Agent, model number: SGI0001, developing solvent: a mixture of acetonitrile and a 0.1 mmol / L EDTA solution (pH 5.0) (volume ratio 1: 1)) is used as a scanner type image analyzer (GE). Radiochemical purity (%) was defined as the percentage of the peak radioactivity (count) detected near the origin with respect to the total radioactivity (count) detected by measurement with MODEL Typhoon FLA 7000) manufactured by Healthcare. ..
- the obtained complex is diluted with a physiological saline solution to obtain a drug containing a complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and trastuzumab as an active ingredient.
- Example 4 Commercially available daptomycin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in dimethylformamide, triethylamine and DOTABnSCN were added, and the mixture was reacted at 50 ° C. for 120 minutes. The obtained reaction solution was separated and purified by reverse phase silica gel chromatography to obtain DOTA-daptomycin (formula (L3) below). 70 of DOTA-daptomycin and 258 kHz of the 225 Ac solution obtained according to the method of Example 1 in a mixed solution of 0.5 mol / L tetramethylammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.8) and an aqueous ethanol solution. The reaction was carried out under heating conditions at ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a complex.
- the radiochemical purity of the obtained complex was measured by the following method. That is, using thin layer chromatography (Agient, iTLC-SG, developing solvent: 0.1 mol / L EDTA solution (pH 5.0)), 225 for a total of 225 Ac radioactivity counts, including unreacted 225 Ac .
- the percentage of the radioactivity count of the chelating agent complexed with Ac was defined as the radiochemical purity (%). As a result, the radiochemical purity was 99.9% or more.
- the obtained complex is diluted with a physiological saline solution to obtain a drug containing a complex of a chelating agent complexed with 225 Ac and daptomycin as an active ingredient.
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Abstract
Description
上記工程(I)後の226Raターゲットを溶解して、226RaおよびAcを含有するRa-Ac溶液(1)を得る工程(II)と、
上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)に含まれる、226Raターゲット由来の226RaとAcとを分離して、上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)と比べてAc濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(2)を得る工程(III)と、
上記Ac溶液(2)に含まれる225Ac以外のアクチニウムの放射性同位体を壊変させて、壊変により得られたラジウムの同位体(Ra)を含むRa-Ac溶液(3)を得る工程(IV)と、
上記Ra-Ac溶液(3)に含まれるRaとAcとを分離して、上記Ra-Ac溶液(3)と比べて225Ac濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(4)を得る工程(V)と、
を含み、
上記Ac溶液(4)が、下記(a)または(b)に示す医薬を製造するために用いられる、225Ac溶液の製造方法である。
(a)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とNd2抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬
(b)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とターゲティング剤(ただし、Nd2抗体を除く)との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬
本発明の一態様に係る225Ac溶液の製造方法(以下「本製造方法」ともいう。)は、226Raターゲットに、陽子、重陽子、中性子および光子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粒子を照射して、少なくとも225Acを含む2種以上のアクチニウムの放射性同位体(Ac)を生成する工程(I)と、
工程(I)後の226Raターゲットを溶解して、226RaおよびAcを含有するRa-Ac溶液(1)を得る工程(II)と、
Ra-Ac溶液(1)に含まれる、226Raターゲット由来の226RaとAcとを分離して、Ra-Ac溶液(1)と比べてAc濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(2)を得る工程(III)と、
Ac溶液(2)に含まれる225Ac以外のアクチニウムの放射性同位体を壊変させて、壊変により得られたラジウムの同位体(Ra)を含むRa-Ac溶液(3)を得る工程(IV)と、
Ra-Ac溶液(3)に含まれるRaとAcとを分離して、Ra-Ac溶液(3)と比べて225Ac濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(4)を得る工程(V)と、
を含み、
Ac溶液(4)が、下記(a)または(b)に示す医薬を製造するために用いられる、225Ac溶液の製造方法である。
(a)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とNd2抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬
(b)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とターゲティング剤(ただし、Nd2抗体を除く)との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬
工程(I)では、226Raターゲットに、陽子、重陽子、中性子および光子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粒子を照射して、少なくとも225Acを含む2種以上のアクチニウムの放射性同位体(Ac)を生成する。226Raターゲットに粒子を照射することにより、場合により壊変等を経てAcが生成する。
少なくとも225Acを含む2種以上のアクチニウムの放射性同位体(Ac)としては、225Acと、224Acおよび226Acから選ばれる少なくとも1種とが挙げられる。
226Raターゲットの作製方法の一例として、炭化ケイ素(SiC)フィルター上に、226RaCO3を析出・濾別することで、一定の厚みを有するRaターゲットを作製する方法が挙げられるが、遠隔操作においても効率よくRaターゲットを作製できる観点からは、溶液中の遊離Raを電気的に基材に固体化する電着法が好ましい。該電着法として、例えば、特表2007-508531号公報には、アルミニウム基板に、ラジウムイオンを含有する1つの有機水溶液からラジウム含有物質を電着することが記載されているが、高電圧を印加しなくても電着効率を高めるという観点では、pH緩衝剤を含む電着液を用いて基材に電着させる方法がより好ましい。このような技術として、本出願人の一人が出願した国際公開第2020/256066号が挙げられる。
粒子としては、陽子、重陽子または光子が好ましく、陽子がより好ましい。例えば、粒子として陽子を照射した場合は、226Ra(p,2n)225Acの核反応が生じ、224Acおよび/または226Acが不純物として生成する。また、粒子として光子(γ線)を照射した場合は、226Ra(γ,n)225Raの核反応が生じ、225Raが壊変することで225Acが生成する。粒子として、陽子、重陽子または光子を用いると、227Ac(半減期27年)は、理論上は生成しないため、225Ac濃度(特に純度)の高い225Ac溶液を得る観点で、より好ましい。
粒子を照射する際の条件としては、少なくとも225Acを含む2種以上のアクチニウムの放射性同位体(Ac)が生成するように、粒子の種類、エネルギー、照射時間などを適宜調節すれば特に制限されず、種々の条件を採用することができる。
また、226Raターゲットの原料には、226Raの他にBaが含まれていることが通常であり、特許文献1のように226RaとBaとを分離する技術が開発されているが、226RaターゲットからBaを完全に除去することは難しいため、226RaターゲットにBaが含まれていると、上記粒子のうち陽子を使用した場合は、Baと陽子との核反応により132La(半減期4.8時間)や135La(半減期19.5時間)が生成する。
本発明の一態様では、後述する各工程において、これら放射性異核種を順次除去する。
工程(II)では、工程(I)後の226Raターゲットを溶解して、226RaおよびAcを含有するRa-Ac溶液(1)を得る。
工程(I)の終了後、あまり時間を経ずに得られたRa-Ac溶液(1)には、例えば、224Ac、225Ac、226Ac、226Ra、140Ba、132La、135Laが含まれる。
上記酸としては、例えば、無機酸が挙げられ、該無機酸としては、硝酸、塩酸、リン酸、硫酸、ホウ酸またはフッ化水素酸が挙げられる。これらの中でも、226RaおよびAcを十分に溶解させることができ、下記工程(III)を効率よく行うことができる等の点から、硝酸、塩酸が好ましく、硝酸が特に好ましい。
工程(III)では、上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)に含まれる、226Raターゲット由来の226RaとAcとを分離して、上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)と比べてAc濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(2)を得る。
この工程(III)により、例えば、224Ac、225Ac、226Acを含むAc溶液(2)と、226Ra、140Baを含むRa溶液(2)とを得ることができる。工程(III)では、例えば、224Ac、225Ac、226Ac、226Raおよび140Baを含むRa-Ac溶液(1)から、226Ra、140Baを分離除去することができるため、Ac溶液(2)は、Ra-Ac溶液(1)と比べてAc濃度(特に純度)が高められた溶液となる。
T1を上記範囲とすることで、Acと140Baとを早期に分離することができるため、140Baの壊変により生じる140Laの少ないAc溶液(2)を容易に得ることができる。
また、T1を上記範囲とすることで、得られるRa溶液(2)を早期に再利用することができる。
このように多くの時間を要すると、時間の経過とともに目的とする225Ac量が減衰するため、従来の方法では、225Acの減衰を抑えつつ、225Ac濃度(特に純度)の高い225Ac溶液を製造すること、また、140La量が少ないことと、225Ac濃度(特に純度)が高いことを両立した225Ac溶液を製造することは容易ではなかった。
また、上記の通り、大部分の226Raは225Acに変換されずに、226Raとして残存するため、残存した226Raを効率的に回収し、225Acの原料として再利用することが行われているが、従来の方法では、226Ac量が十分に減衰するための時間を経るまで226Raを再利用できなかった。
しかしながら、本製造方法では、225Ac濃度(特に純度)の高い225Ac溶液を容易に得ることができ、かつ、工程(III)の実施後に、すぐに226Raを再利用できるので、226Raの利用効率を高めることができる。
上記固相抽出剤としては、好ましくは、陽イオン交換樹脂、下記式(A)で表される化合物を含む固相抽出剤(a)、下記式(B)で表される化合物を含む固相抽出剤(b)、および、下記式(C)で表される化合物を含む固相抽出剤(c)から選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられる。
工程(III)は、RaとAcとの分離を2回以上行ってもよい。例えば、陽イオン交換樹脂を用いる場合、同様の陽イオン交換樹脂を用いて2回以上の分離を行ってもよく、異なる陽イオン交換樹脂を用いて2回以上の分離を行ってもよく、陽イオン交換樹脂と、例えば、固相抽出剤(a)とを用いて、2回以上の分離を行ってもよい。この場合、陽イオン交換樹脂と固相抽出剤(a)とを用いる順番は特に制限されない。固相抽出剤(a)、(b)や(c)を用いる場合も陽イオン交換樹脂を用いる場合と同様である。
なお、RaとAcとの分離を行った後は、陽イオン交換樹脂や固相抽出剤を洗浄する洗浄工程を行うことが好ましい。
上記陽イオン交換樹脂としては、例えば、強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂が挙げられ、該陽イオン交換樹脂の市販品としては、例えば、Bio-Rad社製「AG 50W」が挙げられる。
上記陽イオン交換樹脂としては、より効率よくRaとAcとを分離できる等の点から、二価陽イオンを選択的に吸着する機能を有する樹脂(以下「樹脂(i)」ともいう。)が好ましい。
樹脂(i)のより好ましい例として、イミノジ酢酸基を保持するスチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体が挙げられる。このようなイミノジ酢酸基を有する樹脂の市販品としては、Bio-Rad社製「Chelex」シリーズ、三菱化学(株)製「ダイヤイオン」シリーズ、ダウケミカル社製「アンバーライト」シリーズ等が挙げられ、より具体的にはBio-Rad社製「Chelex100」(粒径:50~100mesh、イオン型:Na型、Fe型)が挙げられる。
このようなチューブを用いることで、一般的なガラス製カラムよりも長さを長くする、すなわち理論段数を高くすることができるため、Raイオンの吸着効率を高めることができる。また、放射性物質を通液した後の樹脂(i)をチューブに充填させたまま、その他の器具や機器等を放射能汚染させることなく、簡便に廃棄することができる。
固相抽出剤(a)は、下記式(A)で表される化合物を含めば特に制限されず、固相抽出剤に含まれる従来公知の成分を含んでいてもよい。
固相抽出剤(a)は、下記式(A)で表される化合物のみからなる固相抽出剤であってもよいし、下記式(A)で表される化合物と他の成分(例:従来公知の添加剤、不活性支持体)を含む固相抽出剤(不活性支持体中に下記式(A)で表される化合物が導入されている固相抽出剤も含む)であってもよい。
固相抽出剤(a)は、下記式(A)で表される化合物を1種含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
このように、固相抽出剤(a)は、RaおよびAcを分離する(Acイオンを該固相抽出剤(a)に保持させ、Raイオンを通過させる)際に用いる酸の濃度が高いため、この工程(III)において、固相抽出剤(a)を用いることで、RaイオンおよびAcイオンを含有する溶液からAcイオンを分離する際に用いる溶媒量が少なくても、RaイオンとAcイオンとを十分に分離することができる。
固相抽出剤(a)に用いる上記高濃度の酸の濃度は、RaおよびAcをより効率よく分離する(Ac通過量およびRa保持量が少なく分離する)ことができる等の点から、該酸として硝酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0.3M以上、より好ましくは0.5M以上であり、好ましくは4.0M以下であり、該酸として塩酸を用いる場合、好ましくは1M以上であり、好ましくは8M以下である。
固相抽出剤(a)に用いる上記低濃度の酸の濃度は、保持されたAcイオンを固相抽出剤(a)から十分に溶離させることができれば特に限定されないが、用いる酸として、上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)に用いる酸と同様の酸を用いる場合は、その濃度差が大きい方が好ましい。
固相抽出剤(a)に用いる上記低濃度の酸の濃度は、該酸として硝酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0Mより大きく、好ましくは0.2M以下、より好ましくは0.1M以下、さらに好ましくは0.01M以下であり、該酸として塩酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0Mより大きく、0.2M以下である。
式(A)中、R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、炭素数8~12のアルキル基である。該アルキル基は、直鎖状でもよく、分岐を有していてもよい。R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、好ましくは、オクチル基または2-エチルへキシル基である。
固相抽出剤(b)は、下記式(B)で表される化合物を含めば特に制限されず、固相抽出剤に含まれる従来公知の成分を含んでいてもよい。
固相抽出剤(b)は、下記式(B)で表される化合物のみからなる固相抽出剤であってもよいし、下記式(B)で表される化合物と他の成分(例:従来公知の添加剤、不活性支持体)を含む固相抽出剤(不活性支持体中に下記式(B)で表される化合物が導入されている固相抽出剤も含む)であってもよい。
固相抽出剤(b)は、下記式(B)で表される化合物を1種含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
固相抽出剤(b)に用いる上記低濃度の酸の濃度は、RaおよびAcをより効率よく分離する(Ac通過量およびRa保持量が少なく分離する)ことができる等の点から、該酸として硝酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0Mより大きく、好ましくは0.2M未満、より好ましくは0.1M以下、さらに好ましくは0.01M以下であり、該酸として塩酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0Mより大きく、0.2M以下である。
固相抽出剤(b)に用いる上記高濃度の酸の濃度は、該酸として硝酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0.2M以上、より好ましくは0.3M以上、さらに好ましくは0.5M以上であり、好ましくは4M以下、より好ましくは2M以下、さらに好ましくは1M以下であり、該酸として塩酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0.3M以上、好ましくは8M以下である。
固相抽出剤(c)は、下記式(C)で表される化合物を含めば特に制限されず、固相抽出剤に含まれる従来公知の成分を含んでいてもよい。
固相抽出剤(c)は、下記式(C)で表される化合物のみからなる固相抽出剤であってもよいし、下記式(C)で表される化合物と他の成分(例:R10-OH(R10は、炭素数4~12のアルキル基であり、好ましくはオクチル基である)で表される化合物、従来公知の添加剤、不活性支持体)を含む固相抽出剤(不活性支持体中に下記式(C)で表される化合物が導入されている固相抽出剤も含む)であってもよい。
固相抽出剤(c)は、下記式(C)で表される化合物を1種含んでいてもよく、2種以上含んでいてもよい。
固相抽出剤(c)に用いる上記高濃度の酸の濃度は、該酸として硝酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0.1M超えであり、より好ましくは1M以上であり、好ましくは8M以下、より好ましくは4M以下である。
固相抽出剤(c)に用いる上記低濃度の酸の濃度は、該酸として硝酸を用いる場合、好ましくは0Mより大きく、好ましくは0.1M以下、より好ましくは0.05M以下である。
工程(IV)では、上記Ac溶液(2)に含まれる225Ac以外のアクチニウムの放射性同位体を壊変させて、壊変により得られたラジウムの同位体(Ra)を含むRa-Ac溶液(3)を得る。
この工程(IV)により、好ましくは225Ac、224Raおよび226Raを含むRa-Ac溶液(3)が得られる。
T2の下限は、226Acが十分に壊変する時間が好ましい。このようにすることで、224Acおよび226Acからラジウムの同位体を生成することができ、226Thを消滅させることができる。
T2の上限は、225Acの減衰をできるだけ抑制する観点から設定することが好ましい。
例えば、T2を20日とした場合、226Acは1×10-5以下となることが、シミュレーションコードPHITSを用いたシミュレーションで予測される。なお、シミュレーションは工程(I)の照射終了時における225Acの放射能を1とした場合に任意の時間経過後の他の放射性異核種の数値を予測している。
このように、T2を設定することで、工程(I)において生じた、132La(半減期4.8時間)や135La(半減期19.5時間)の異核種を消滅させることができる。従来の方法では、132Laや135Laを低減する一つの方法として、226Raターゲットに含まれるBa量を低減することが考えられるが、T2を上記範囲とすることで、226Raターゲットに含まれるBa量によらず、La量の少ない225Ac溶液(4)を得ることができる。このため、T2が上記範囲にある本製造方法によれば、使用する226Raターゲットが制限されず、226Raターゲットの選択自由度が高い。
工程(V)では、上記Ra-Ac溶液(3)に含まれるRaとAcとを分離して、上記Ra-Ac溶液(3)と比べて225Ac純度が高められたAc溶液(4)を得る。
Ac溶液(4)は、例えば、225Ac、224Raおよび226Raを含むRa-Ac溶液(3)から、224Ra、226Raを分離除去することができるため、Ra-Ac溶液(3)と比べて225Ac濃度(特に純度)が高められた溶液となる。
上記工程(V)で得られたAc溶液(4)は、下記(a)または(b)に示す医薬を製造するために用いられる。
上記医薬とは、(a)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とNd2抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬、または、(b)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とターゲティング剤(ただし、Nd2抗体を除く)との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬である。
・DOTA(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
・DOTMA((1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α’,α’’,α’’’-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
・DOTAM(1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)
・DOTA-GA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
・DOTP(((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonic acid)
・DOTMP(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid))
・DOTA-4AMP(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid)
・DO2P(Tetraazacyclododecane dimethanephosphonic acid)
ターゲティング剤として、好ましくは、鎖状ペプチド、環状ペプチドまたはこれらの組み合わせ、タンパク質、抗体(ただし、Nd2抗体を除く)またはそのフラグメント、成長因子、アフィボディ、ユニボディ、ナノボディ、単糖類、多糖類、ビタミン、アンチセンス核酸、siRNA、miRNA、核酸アプタマー、デコイ核酸、cPGオリゴ核酸、ペプチド核酸、リポソーム、ミセル、ナノ粒子およびカーボンナノチューブからなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上が挙げられ、より好ましくは、ポリペプチドである。
なお、上記ターゲティング剤としては、アミノ酸から構成されるターゲティング剤が好ましく、該ターゲティング剤を構成するアミノ酸は天然のものであってもよく、合成されたものであってもよく、分子量は特に限定されない。
複合体において、Nd2抗体、および、ターゲティング剤は、キレート剤と直接結合していてもよく、PEGなどの他の公知のリンカー構造を介して間接的に結合していてもよい。
また、複合体において、Nd2抗体、および、ターゲティング剤は、他の構造と結合可能な反応原子団を修飾させたものを用いて、キレート剤と複合化させていてもよい。
Nd2抗体、または、IgG抗体であるターゲティング剤と、キレート剤とを複合化する方法として、例えば、国際公開第2016/186206号に記載の技術を用いることで、抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾することができる。
ここで、本明細書における「反応原子団」とは、一方の化合物と他方の化合物とを結合させる際の反応が直接生じる化学構造のことを指す。
本発明の他の態様として、粒子(例:陽子、重陽子、中性子および光子から選ばれる少なくとも1種)が照射された226Raターゲットを溶解し、得られた溶液を精製した溶解精製液が挙げられる。
粒子の照射から1ヵ月後の該溶解精製液中の、225Ac量に対する140La量の比(140La量/225Ac量)は、1×10-5以下であり、好ましくは1×10-6以下、より好ましくは1×10-7以下である。
このような溶解精製液は、140La量が少なく、225Ac濃度(特に純度)の高い液である。
該溶解精製液は、具体的には、本製造方法により製造されたAc溶液(4)とすることができる。
また、該溶解精製液は、具体的には、上記(a)または(b)に示す医薬を製造するために用いられることが好ましい。
本発明の他の態様である医薬の製造方法は、下記工程(VIa)を含む。
工程(VIa):本製造方法を実行して得られた225Ac溶液を用いて、キレート剤を225Acと錯形成させる工程
該複合体を作製する工程としては、本製造方法の欄に記載の工程と同様の工程等が挙げられる。
該製剤化工程は、適宜、クエン酸緩衝液、リン酸緩衝液、ホウ酸緩衝液等のpH調節剤、ポリソルベート等の可溶化剤、安定剤、酸化防止剤などの各種添加剤を添加したり、水や生理食塩液等の等張液で希釈して放射能濃度を調整してもよい。
また、製剤化工程として、各種添加剤の添加または濃度調整を行った後、メンブレンフィルター等で滅菌ろ過を行って注射剤とする工程を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の他の態様としては、以下の[1]~[7]に関する、225Ac溶液の製造方法および溶解精製液も挙げられる。
上記工程(I)後の226Raターゲットを溶解して、226RaおよびAcを含有するRa-Ac溶液(1)を得る工程(II)と、
上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)に含まれる、226Raターゲット由来の226RaとAcとを分離して、上記Ra-Ac溶液(1)と比べてAc濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(2)を得る工程(III)と、
上記Ac溶液(2)に含まれる225Ac以外のアクチニウムの放射性同位体を壊変させて、壊変により得られたラジウムの同位体(Ra)を含むRa-Ac溶液(3)を得る工程(IV)と、
上記Ra-Ac溶液(3)に含まれるRaとAcとを分離して、上記Ra-Ac溶液(3)と比べて225Ac濃度(特に純度)が高められたAc溶液(4)を得る工程(V)と、
を含む、225Ac溶液の製造方法。
上記工程(III)の終了後、上記工程(V)を開始するまでの時間をT2とした場合、
T2>T1の関係を満たす、[1]に記載の225Ac溶液の製造方法。
粒子の照射から1ヵ月後の該溶解精製液中の、225Ac量に対する140La量の比(140La量/225Ac量)が1×10-5以下である、溶解精製液。
シミュレーションコードPHITS(Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System)を用い、以下の仮定に基づいて、下記各溶液に含まれる放射性元素の量をシミュレーションにより算出した。
226Raターゲット(φ20mm、226Ra質量:50mg、Ba質量:50mg)に、照射エネルギー16MeVで陽子を1時間照射する工程(I)を行ったと仮定した。
この工程(II)で得られたRa-Ac溶液(1)中の225Acの放射能(225Ac量)を1.00(1.00E+00)と規格化した。この場合、得られたRa-Ac溶液(1)中の、224Ac量は5.05E+01、226Ac量は1.07E+00、226Raターゲット由来の226Raを除く226Ac由来の226Ra量は4.53E-09、140Ba量は3.44E-03、140La量は2.89E-05であると算出された。
この226RaとAcとの分離の際には、周期表第3族元素、ランタノイド元素およびアクチノイド元素は、Acと分離できず、その他の元素は100%分離できると仮定した。
この工程(III)で得られたAc溶液(2)中の、225Ac量は9.83E-01、224Ac量は1.20E+01、226Ac量は9.31E-01、226Ra量は0.00(工程(III)を開始時の226Ra量は5.50E-08)、140Ba量は0.00(工程(III)を開始時の140Ba量は3.45E-03)、140La量は3.67E-04であると算出された。
このRaとAcとの分離の際には、周期表第3族元素、ランタノイド元素およびアクチノイド元素は、Acと分離できず、その他の元素は100%分離できると仮定した。
この工程(V)で得られたAc溶液(4)中の、225Ac量は2.33E-01、224Ac量は0.00、226Ac量は6.30E-06、226Ra量は0.00(工程(V)を開始時の226Ra量は3.28E-07)、140La量は6.96E-08であると算出された。
226Raターゲット(φ20mm、226Ra質量:50mg、Ba質量:50mg)に、照射エネルギー16MeVで陽子を1時間照射する工程(I)を行ったと仮定した。
この工程(II)で得られたRa-Ac溶液(1)中の225Acの放射能(225Ac量)を1.00(1.00E+00)と規格化した。この場合、得られたRa-Ac溶液(1)中の、224Ac量は5.05E+01、226Ac量は1.07E+00、226Raターゲット由来の226Raを除く226Ac由来の226Ra量は4.53E-09、140Ba量は3.44E-03、140La量は2.89E-05であると算出された。
この226RaとAcとの分離の際には、周期表第3族元素、ランタノイド元素およびアクチノイド元素は、Acと分離できず、その他の元素は100%分離できると仮定した。
この工程(III)で得られたAc溶液(2)中の、225Ac量は2.33E-01、224Ac量は0.00、226Ac量は6.30E-06、226Ra量は0.00(工程(III)を開始時の226Ra量は3.82E-07)、140Ba量は0.00(工程(III)を開始時の140Ba量は1.12E-03)、140La量は1.29E-03であると算出された。
次に、下記方法で225Ac溶液を製造した。
・工程(I)
サイクロトロンにて、金板(Φ30)に247μCiの226Raを電着させたターゲットに、18MeV、15μA、0.5hrの条件で陽子を照射した((p、2n)反応)。
照射から3日後に、照射済みのターゲットを0.7M硝酸16mLに溶解した。
得られた溶解液を、DGAレジン(Eichrom Technologies社製)に通液させた(通過液(1))。その後、該DGAレジンを、0.7M硝酸5mLで洗浄した(洗浄液(2))。通過液(1)および洗浄液(2)を、226Ra回収液とし、Raをリサイクルするための電着液とした。
その後、DGAレジンを、更に0.7M硝酸15mLで洗浄した(洗浄液(3))。洗浄液(3)は廃液とした。
上記洗浄後のDGAレジンに、0.005M硝酸20mLを通液し、225Acを溶出した。溶出した225AcをLnレジン(Eichrom Technologies社製)に通液させた(通過液(4))。次いで、Lnレジンを、0.05M硝酸10mLで洗浄した(洗浄液(5))。通過液(4)と洗浄液(5)は廃液とした。
上記洗浄後のLnレジンに、0.7M硝酸10mLを通液し、225Acを溶出した(225Ac溶液(6))。得られた225Ac溶液(6)を、ゲルマニウム半導体検出器で測定した結果、225AcはEOB(照射終了時)換算で0.2μCiであった。
225Ac溶液(6)を得てから17日間経過させた。
上記17日経過後に、225Ac溶液(6)10mLを、DGAレジンに通液させた(通過液(7))。DGAレジンを0.7M硝酸20mLで洗浄した(洗浄液(8))。通過液(7)、洗浄液(8)は廃液とした。
その後、DGAレジンに0.005M硝酸20mLを通液し、225Acを溶出した。溶出した225AcをLnレジンに通液した(通過液(9))。次いで、Lnレジンを、0.05M硝酸10mLで洗浄した(洗浄液(10))。通過液(9)と洗浄液(10)は廃液とした。
上記洗浄後のLnレジンに、0.5M硝酸10mLを通液し、225Acを溶出した(225Ac溶液(11))。得られた225Ac溶液(11)をゲルマニウム半導体検出器で測定した結果、225AcはEOB(照射終了時)換算で0.2μCiであった。
・サイクロトロンのビーム照射によるAc-225製造
NIRS-AVF-930サイクロトロンの34MeV H2 +(イオン化分子状水素)ビームにより、公称強度10μAで3~5時間のビーム照射を行った。真空を隔てるフォイルによりH2 +イオンが分裂し、約20μAで17MeVの陽子ビームを得た。ターゲット材料に入射する陽子エネルギーは、真空フォイル(Al、100μm)、He冷却層(30mm)、および、ターゲットフォイル(Nb、50μm)中をビームが通過することにより、15.6MeVになると計算コードSRIMで推定された。予想される225Ac収率を最大限向上させるため、226Ra(p,2n)225Ac反応断面積が最大となるようにターゲット材料における陽子エネルギー15.6MeVを設定したが、これはALICE計算コードで得られた結果(15MeVで最大700mb)と先行研究であるApostolidis C, Molinet R, McGinley J, Abbas K, Mollenbeck J, Morgenstern A. Cyclotron production of Ac-225 for targeted alpha therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2005;62:383-387の結果(16.8MeVで最大710mb)の間のエネルギーを採用した。
照射終了時(EOB)から3~4日後に実施した、分離手順を図1に示す。サイクロトロンで照射したターゲットを、3mLの0.7M HNO3に溶解し、得られた溶液を、0.8mL/分以下の速度で、DGAカートリッジ(N,N,N',N'-テトラ-n-オクチルジグリコールアミド、1mL、Eichrom Technologies社製)に通液し、225Acをカートリッジに捕集した。ターゲット容器内に残留するAc/Raの回収を向上させるため、さらに3mLの0.7M HNO3を、ターゲット容器に2回添加し、それぞれの洗浄画分も、上記DGAカートリッジに通液し、225Acをカートリッジに捕集した。
陰極表面に電着により作製した226Raターゲットは1.0~1.5mg/cm2の薄状ターゲットであるとみなすことができる。226Ra(p,2n)225Acの断面積(σ)は、15.6MeVにおいて353mbであると推定された。この核反応に関する従来の研究では、16.8MeVにおいて約710mb(Apostolidis C, Molinet R, McGinley J, Abbas K, Mollenbeck J, Morgenstern A. Cyclotron production of Ac-225 for targeted alpha therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2005;62:383-387)、または16.0MeVにおいて600+mb(ALICEコードによる計算、Apostolidis C, Molinet R, McGinley J, Abbas K, Mollenbeck J, Morgenstern A. Cyclotron production of Ac-225 for targeted alpha therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2005;62:383-387)、および、16.0MeVにおいて522mb(TENDL-2019で計算、TALYS-based evaluated nuclear data library (TENDL-2019) website https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_2019/proton_html/Ra/ProtonRa226xs.html Accessed Sep 4, 2020)であり、それぞれはるかに高い値が示されている。しかしながら、上述したように、今回のターゲットは、表面の不均一さにより約2/3の面積が、226Raで覆われており、従って上記σは、例えば、1.56(=1/0.64)倍することができる。結果として、今回の実際条件における226Ra(p,2n)225Acおよび226Ra(p,n)226Acの推定断面積の補正値として得られた値は、それぞれ、552mbおよび14mbであった(参考:16MeVにおける(p,n)チャンネルに対して34mb、TALYS-based evaluated nuclear data library (TENDL-2019) website https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_2019/proton_html/Ra/ProtonRa226xs.html Accessed Sep 4, 2020)。Ac分離効率、ビームプロファイル、Ba/Ra比は、評価に一定の誤差を与えうるが、本実施例においてこれらの可能性因子に対する定量的補正は何ら適用できなかった。したがって、これらの不確実性は上記推定には含まれていないが、上記補正断面積は、ALICEコードおよびTENDLコードによる計算値や先行研究の実測値と十分な合致を示した。
図2(a)に示すように、226Acおよびその他放射性異核種の存在を一次分離後の225Ac試料中に検出した。226Acは、226Raと同様に、冷却期間中に多くの子孫核種を生成する4n+2系列放射性核種である。したがって、226Acが減衰する過程で放出した4n+2系列不純物を、二次精製としての繰り返し分離により、除去することができ、高品質225Acを生成した。上記照射条件において、224Ac(EC:91%、α:9%、T1/2=2.8時間)が、226Ra(p,3n)チャンネル(ETH=13.6MeV)を介して副生されるはずだが、224Acの半減期は非常に短く、EOBから4日経過した分離終了時点で、検出することはできなかった。しかし、4n系列におけるγ放出を伴う2つの224Ac子孫核種、すなわち、212Bi(T1/2=61分、727keV、6.7%)、および、208Tl(T1/2=3.1分、2615keV、99%)が、洗浄画分と各分離物の両方で、顕著な分布が検出され、さらには、精製225Ac試料にも極微量に検出された。これは、224Acの生成の証拠であった。225Ac画分中の212Biと208Tlの存在は、今回の分離条件において、BiがAcと部分的類似性を有しているため、理にかなった結果であった。一方、212Biの親核種である212Pb(T1/2=10.6時間、239keV、44%)は、精製225Ac試料において、検出されなかった。212Pbの親核種となる可能性がある4n系列核種すべて(224Ac~216Po(224Raを除く))は、212Pbよりも半減期が短く、224Raは、226Raとともに除去された。したがって、分離過程で注意すべきである副生放射性核種は、4n+2系列を中心に考えることができる。
(1-1.錯形成工程)
下記式(L1及びL2)で表されるキレート剤を用いた。なお、下記式(L1)で表されるDOTA-DBCOは、Wang H et al. Selective in vivo metabolic cell-labeling-mediated cancer targeting. Nat Chem Biol. 13(4): 415-424. (2017)に記載の方法に従い合成した。また、下記式(L2)で表されるDOTAGA-DBCOは、Bernhard et al. DOTAGA-Anhydride: A Valuable Building Block for the Preparation of DOTA-Like Chelating Agents, Chem. Eur. J. 18(25): 7834-7841. (2012)に記載の方法に従い合成した。
別途、ペプチドを国際公開第2017/217347号に記載の方法で製造して、下記式(P3)で表される17個のアミノ酸残基を含むペプチドを得た。このペプチドのアミノ酸配列は、配列番号(2)のXaa2がリシン残基である配列と同一であり、リシン残基の側鎖末端アミノ基がR1で示される構造で修飾されている。また、2つのシステイン残基で互いにジスルフィド結合しており、ペプチドのN末端はジグリコール酸および8つのPEGを有するリンカー構造を介して、反応原子団であるアジド基を含む原子団として、エチルアジドが結合しているものである。
1-2.抗体修飾工程で得られたペプチド修飾抗体を含む溶液に、1-1.錯形成工程を経て得られた各225Ac錯体液を未精製のまま添加し、37℃で120分間クリック反応させて、複合体を得た。さらに、得られた複合体の溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)を用いて精製した。
薄層クロマトグラフィー(Agilent社製、型番:SGI0001、展開溶媒:アセトニトリルと0.1mmol/LのEDTA溶液(pH5.0)との混液(体積比1:1))をスキャナータイプ画像解析装置(GEヘルスケア社製、MODEL Typhoon FLA 7000)で測定し、検出された全放射能(カウント)に対する、原点付近に検出されたピークの放射能(カウント)の百分率を放射化学的純度(%)とした。また、ガンマ線スペクトルメータ(ORTEC社製、MODEL GMX15P4)で測定し、錯形成工程時に加えた全放射能(カウント)に対して、標識工程の精製後に得られた複合体の放射能(カウント)の百分率を放射化学的収率(%)とした。その測定結果を表5に示す。
市販されているDaptomycin(東京化成工業社製)をジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させ、トリエチルアミンとDOTABnSCNを加え、50℃で120分間反応させた。得られた反応液を逆相シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーにて分離精製し、DOTA-Daptomycin(下記式(L3))を得た。
DOTA-Daptomycinと、実施例1に記載の方法に従って得られた225Ac溶液258kBqとを、0.5mol/Lのテトラメチルアンモニウム酢酸緩衝液(pH7.8)及びエタノール水溶液の混合液中で、70℃、1時間の加熱条件下で反応させて、複合体を得た。
Claims (7)
- 226Raターゲットに、陽子、重陽子、中性子および光子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粒子を照射して、少なくとも225Acを含む2種以上のアクチニウムの放射性同位体(Ac)を生成する工程(I)と、
前記工程(I)後の226Raターゲットを溶解して、226RaおよびAcを含有するRa-Ac溶液(1)を得る工程(II)と、
前記Ra-Ac溶液(1)に含まれる、226Raターゲット由来の226RaとAcとを分離して、前記Ra-Ac溶液(1)と比べてAc濃度が高められたAc溶液(2)を得る工程(III)と、
前記Ac溶液(2)に含まれる225Ac以外のアクチニウムの放射性同位体を壊変させて、壊変により得られたラジウムの同位体(Ra)を含むRa-Ac溶液(3)を得る工程(IV)と、
前記Ra-Ac溶液(3)に含まれるRaとAcとを分離して、前記Ra-Ac溶液(3)と比べて225Ac濃度が高められたAc溶液(4)を得る工程(V)と、
を含み、
前記Ac溶液(4)が、下記(a)または(b)に示す医薬を製造するために用いられる、
225Ac溶液の製造方法。
(a)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とNd2抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬
(b)225Acと錯形成したキレート剤とターゲティング剤(ただし、Nd2抗体を除く)との複合体を有効成分として含有する医薬 - 前記工程(I)の終了後、前記工程(III)を開始するまでの時間をT1とし、
前記工程(III)の終了後、前記工程(V)を開始するまでの時間をT2とした場合、
T2>T1の関係を満たす、請求項1に記載の225Ac溶液の製造方法。 - 前記Ac溶液(4)中の、225Ac量に対する140La量の比(140La量/225Ac量)が、前記工程(V)終了から7日後の時点で1×10-5以下である、請求項1または2に記載の225Ac溶液の製造方法。
- 前記T1が7日間より短い時間である、請求項2に記載の225Ac溶液の製造方法。
- 前記工程(III)または前記工程(V)において、Raを捕捉する固相抽出剤を用いるか、Acをコロイド化させることを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の225Ac溶液の製造方法。
- 前記固相抽出剤が、陽イオン交換樹脂、下記式(A)で表される化合物を含む固相抽出剤(a)、下記式(B)で表される化合物を含む固相抽出剤(b)、および、下記式(C)で表される化合物を含む固相抽出剤(c)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項5に記載の225Ac溶液の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって得られた225Ac溶液を用いて、前記キレート剤を225Acと錯形成させる工程(VIa)を含む、前記医薬の製造方法。
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JP2022188190A (ja) | 2022-12-20 |
KR102500942B1 (ko) | 2023-02-17 |
CN116711028A (zh) | 2023-09-05 |
JPWO2022149578A1 (ja) | 2022-07-14 |
JP7154465B1 (ja) | 2022-10-17 |
US11752223B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
TW202235093A (zh) | 2022-09-16 |
CA3207700A1 (en) | 2022-07-14 |
EP4276855A1 (en) | 2023-11-15 |
KR20230120627A (ko) | 2023-08-17 |
US20220370651A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
US20230364275A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
AU2022206140A1 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
KR20220101191A (ko) | 2022-07-19 |
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