WO2022092248A1 - 血液凝固反応の検出方法 - Google Patents
血液凝固反応の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a blood coagulation reaction.
- the blood coagulation test is a test for diagnosing the blood coagulation ability of a patient by adding a predetermined reagent to the blood sample of the patient and measuring the blood coagulation time or the like.
- Typical examples of blood coagulation time include prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin time.
- Abnormal blood coagulation ability causes an increase in coagulation time.
- Causes of prolonged coagulation time include the effects of coagulation inhibitors, a decrease in coagulation-related components, a congenital deficiency of blood coagulation factors, and the acquired appearance of autoantibodies that inhibit the coagulation reaction.
- an automatic analyzer that automatically measures the blood coagulation reaction has become widespread, and it is possible to easily carry out a blood coagulation test.
- a mixed solution obtained by adding a reagent to a blood sample is irradiated with light, and the coagulation reaction of the blood sample is measured based on the change in the amount of scattered light obtained.
- the amount of scattered light rapidly increases due to the progress of the coagulation reaction, and then as the coagulation reaction approaches the end, the amount of scattered light saturates and reaches a plateau.
- the time when the amount of scattered light becomes maximum is the time when the coagulation reaction ends.
- the blood coagulation time can be calculated based on such a temporal change in the amount of scattered light.
- the photometric data in the analyzer includes various noises due to the state of the device, the reagent, the sample, and the like. For example, after adding a reagent to a blood sample, a slight increase in the amount of scattered light may be measured at the initial stage of the reaction before the amount of scattered light increases due to the original coagulation reaction. It is called (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Noise in the photometric data, such as the initial reaction, can lead to miscalculation of the coagulation time.
- a method to exclude the influence of initial reaction or pre-peak has been proposed.
- a threshold value is set in advance for the measured time or the measured value, and the reaction after the measured time or data reaches the threshold value is regarded as a true coagulation reaction and the coagulation time calculation process is performed.
- the initial reaction is performed by monitoring the amount and rate of optical changes due to the coagulation reaction at at least one checkpoint or check region from the start of measurement of the coagulation reaction to the end of the reaction.
- Patent Document 2 describes the steps of measuring the amount of scattered light and calculating the time when the measured amount of scattered light reaches 1 / N of the coagulation reaction end point as the coagulation time until the calculated coagulation time is determined to be normal.
- a blood coagulation analysis method is disclosed, which comprises repeating.
- percentage detection method After measuring the amount of scattered light until the end of the coagulation reaction, the point where X% (for example, 50%) of the amount of light (maximum scattered light amount) at the end of the coagulation reaction is detected is detected as the coagulation time.
- the percent detection method enables accurate calculation of coagulation time even for abnormal specimens such as low fibrinogen specimens, chyle specimens, and hemolytic specimens.
- the percentage detection method since the true coagulation reaction that is not noise can be detected by measuring the amount of scattered light until the end of the coagulation reaction, it is possible to prevent the erroneous calculation of the coagulation time due to the above-mentioned initial reaction.
- the percentage detection method in order to make it possible to detect the end of the coagulation reaction in various blood samples including an abnormal sample having an extended coagulation time, one sample is measured for several minutes and then the coagulation time is calculated. However, normal samples, which account for most of the blood samples, do not require such a long measurement time.
- Patent Document 3 the scattered light amount data obtained in real time from the analyzer is smoothed and the origin is adjusted to obtain the reference data X, and the reference integration data Y obtained by further integrating the reference data and the reference data are described.
- a reference data value Xd is selected at a subsequent time point and at a time point when the reference integration data Y becomes a predetermined threshold value Ys or more, and 1 / N of the Xd (N is a constant integer of 1 or more) corresponds to the corresponding time point.
- a method for measuring blood coagulation time is described in which the coagulation time is the time from the time of mixing up to.
- the present invention provides a method for detecting a blood coagulation reaction, which can detect a true coagulation reaction in real time during blood coagulation reaction measurement.
- cVmax (k) reaches a predetermined length.
- Vmax of V (i) Including, how.
- AUC pre (k) is the pre-peak AUC at k and represents the AUC of V (i) from k 1 to cVmaxT (k).
- AUC post (k) is the post-peak AUC at k and represents the AUC of V (i) from cVmaxT (k) to k 2 .
- k 1 is the latest measurement point or time among the measurement points or times in which V (i) ⁇ cVmax (k) ⁇ Hr% before cVmaxT (k).
- k 2 is the earliest measurement point or time among the measurement points or times satisfying V (i) ⁇ cVmax (k) ⁇ Hr% after cVmaxT (k).
- both the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC at k are equal to or higher than the second threshold value AUC th2 .
- the measurement point or time at which the pre-peak AUC is maximum and the time is cVmax (k)
- the measurement point or time at which the post-peak AUC is maximum is cVmax (k).
- the method of the present invention it is possible to prevent erroneous detection of noise such as an initial reaction in blood coagulation reaction measurement, and to correctly detect a true coagulation reaction in real time during measurement.
- the coagulation time based on the true coagulation reaction can be calculated correctly.
- the real-time true coagulation reaction detection by the method of the present invention when the data necessary for calculating the coagulation time of one blood sample can be obtained, the measurement of the sample is stopped and the measurement of the next blood sample is started. to enable. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to shorten the measurement time required for one blood sample and improve the efficiency of the blood coagulation test.
- FIG. 1 An example of coagulation reaction measurement data.
- A Pre-peak AUC and post-peak AUC of V (i) of the initial reaction and the true reaction
- B Enlarged view of the initial reaction.
- the conceptual diagram which shows the structure of the automatic analyzer for performing the detection method of the blood coagulation reaction by this invention. Relationship between parameters calculated from the coagulation reaction.
- a predetermined reagent is added to a blood sample, the subsequent blood coagulation reaction is measured, and the blood coagulation time is calculated from the coagulation reaction.
- a blood sample may be simply referred to as a sample.
- a general means for example, an optical means for measuring the amount of scattered light, a transmittance, an absorbance, or the like, a mechanical means for measuring the viscosity of plasma, or the like is used.
- the blood coagulation reaction is generally represented by a coagulation reaction curve showing a change in the amount of the coagulation reaction over time.
- the coagulation reaction curve of a normal sample having no coagulation abnormality factor depends on the measuring means, but basically shows a sigmoid shape.
- the coagulation reaction curve based on the amount of scattered light of a normal sample usually rises sharply due to the progress of coagulation when a certain amount of time has passed from the addition of the reagent, and then the coagulation reaction ends. It reaches the plateau as it approaches.
- the coagulation reaction curve of an abnormal sample having a coagulation abnormality factor shows various shapes depending on the cause of the abnormality, such as a delay in the rise time of the curve and a gradual increase.
- the reaction amount from the start of the reaction to the end of the reaction can be set as 100%, and the time until the reaction amount reaches a predetermined value (for example, 50%) can be calculated as the coagulation time.
- a predetermined value for example, 50%
- the coagulation time is determined based on the rate of change of the coagulation reaction curve, for example, the peak of the coagulation reaction rate (so-called differential method), or the time course of the integrated value of the coagulation reaction in a minute time zone (see Patent Document 3). Can be calculated.
- the measurement time per sample is set sufficiently long in order to enable the measurement of the amount of scattered light until the end of the coagulation reaction in various blood samples including an abnormal sample having an extended coagulation time. It is necessary, so the analysis efficiency is not high.
- the coagulation time can be calculated before the end of the coagulation reaction, so that the coagulation time can be calculated in a shorter time, but the inaccurate coagulation time may be calculated due to the influence of noise. be.
- the coagulation reaction may be detected too early due to the equipment noise at the initial stage of measurement and the initial noise such as the initial reaction. Such false detection of the coagulation reaction leads to inaccurate calculation of the coagulation time.
- a threshold value is set in advance for the measurement time and the measured value, and the reaction after the measured time and data reach the threshold value is regarded as a true coagulation reaction and coagulation. There is a method to perform the time calculation process. However, if the threshold value is set too high, the true coagulation reaction may not be detected, especially in an abnormal sample having a small coagulation reaction, while if the threshold value is lowered, the possibility of false detection of noise increases.
- the conventional blood coagulation reaction analysis method for calculating the coagulation time after detecting the end of the coagulation reaction can accurately calculate the coagulation time, but the analysis efficiency is low because the measurement time per sample is long. It is more preferable if the measurement time per sample can be shortened and the analysis efficiency of the blood sample can be improved while preventing false detection of noise.
- the present invention provides a method for detecting a blood coagulation reaction.
- the true coagulation reaction (hereinafter, also referred to as “test sample”) is realized in real time from the time-series data of the coagulation reaction obtained by the measurement. A true reaction) is detected.
- the method of the present invention prevents false detection of noise such as an initial reaction during blood coagulation reaction measurement, and makes it possible to correctly detect a true reaction.
- the blood coagulation time of the test sample can be calculated based on the obtained true reaction. According to the method of the present invention, the coagulation time can be accurately calculated without being affected by noise such as an initial reaction. Further, according to the present invention, the measurement time is optimized so that the minimum coagulation reaction measurement time required for calculating each coagulation time is applied to various blood samples including normal samples and abnormal samples. Can be done.
- Examples of blood coagulation time that can be calculated according to the present invention include prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and coagulation time in fibrinogen (Fbg) concentration measurement.
- PT prothrombin time
- APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
- Fbg fibrinogen concentration measurement.
- the method of the present invention will be described mainly by taking the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as an example as a coagulation time. Modifications of the method of the invention to other coagulation times (eg, prothrombin time (PT)) can be performed by those of skill in the art.
- the plasma of the subject is preferably used as the subject.
- An anticoagulant commonly used for coagulation tests may be added to the sample.
- plasma can be obtained by collecting blood using a blood collection tube containing sodium citrate and then centrifuging.
- a reagent for measuring coagulation time is added to the test sample, and the blood coagulation reaction is started.
- the coagulation reaction of the mixed solution containing the reagent and the test sample can be measured.
- the coagulation time measuring reagent used can be arbitrarily selected according to the measurement purpose. Reagents for measuring various coagulation times are commercially available (for example, APTT reagent Coagupia APTT-N; manufactured by Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.).
- a general means for example, an optical means for measuring the amount of scattered light, a transmittance, an absorbance, or the like, or a mechanical means for measuring the viscosity of plasma may be used.
- the method of the present invention will be described by taking the measurement of coagulation reaction based on the amount of scattered light as an example.
- the reaction start time of the coagulation reaction can be typically defined as the time when the reagent is mixed with the sample to start the coagulation reaction, but other timings may be defined as the reaction start time.
- the time for continuing the measurement of the coagulation reaction may be, for example, several tens of seconds to 8 minutes from the time of mixing the sample and the reagent. This measurement time may be up to the time when the true coagulation reaction of each sample is detected, may be up to the time when other arbitrary conditions are satisfied, or may be a fixed value arbitrarily determined.
- the measurement of the progress of the coagulation reaction (photometry when optically detected) may be repeated at predetermined intervals. For example, the measurement may be performed at intervals of 0.1 seconds.
- the temperature of the mixed solution during the measurement is under normal conditions, for example, 30 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower, preferably 35 ° C. or higher and 39 ° C. or lower. Further, various measurement conditions can be appropriately set according to the test sample, the reagent, the measurement means, and the like.
- the series of operations in the above-mentioned coagulation reaction measurement can be performed using an automatic analyzer.
- the automatic analyzer there is a blood coagulation automatic analyzer CP3000 (manufactured by Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.).
- some operations may be performed manually.
- a human can prepare a test sample, and subsequent operations can be performed by an automatic analyzer.
- step 1) of the method of the present invention the blood coagulation reaction of the test sample is measured to obtain the first derivative V (i) of the coagulation reaction up to the latest measurement point.
- the measurement data D (i) photometric value of the scattered light amount
- i represents a measurement point, that is, the number measured from the start of measurement.
- the reaction P (i) is acquired from the measurement data D (i). Since the measurement data D (i) contains noise during metering and fluctuations unrelated to the reaction that appears immediately after the start of metering, the measured values are smoothed by a known method. Is preferable. When the solidification reaction is measured by the amount of scattered light, it is preferable to perform a zero point adjustment process in which the amount of scattered light derived from the sample mixture before the reaction is subtracted.
- any of various known methods for noise reduction can be used.
- examples of the smoothing process include a filtering process, a process of obtaining a differential value by a difference value or an operation of an average slope in an interval, which will be described later, and then integrating the differential value.
- the smoothed measurement data may be adjusted so that the value at the start of measurement becomes 0.
- the measurement data D (i) is smoothed or zeroed to obtain the reaction P (i). More preferably, the measurement data D (i) is smoothed and zero-point adjusted to obtain the reaction P (i).
- the reaction P (i) constitutes a solidification reaction curve.
- the first derivative V (i) is obtained from the obtained reaction P (i).
- the differential process for obtaining V (i) from P (i) can be performed by any method, and can be performed, for example, by calculating the average slope value in the section.
- a certain number of measurement points before and after each measurement point i for example, 2K + 1 measurement points from i-K to i + K can be used.
- K is an arbitrary integer.
- the average slope value means the slope value when these multiple measurement points are linearly approximated.
- the average slope value of these measurement points can be regarded as the first derivative at the measurement point i.
- the first derivative V (i) constitutes a curve representing the rate of the solidification reaction.
- the "latest V (i)" means the most recently calculated V (i) using the solidification reaction P at the latest measurement point or time.
- the slowest measurement point or time for V (i) is the "latest measurement point or time for V (i)".
- V (i) is solidification reaction rate data from 1 second to 100 seconds after measurement
- 100 seconds is the "latest measurement time” for V (i).
- k 0 represents any measurement point or time point prior to k (ie, k 0 ⁇ k).
- k 0 represents a measurement point or time point at which the detection process of the true reaction shown in step 2) is started, and is also referred to as a detection start point (or detection start time) in the present specification.
- the measurement point k 0 is the measurement point after the point where P (i) can be acquired by the smoothing process of D (i) or V (i) can be acquired by the differentiation of P (i), or the time corresponding to the measurement point. Therefore, basically, the measurement point k 0 is 2 or more. For example, when the in-section average slope method using the above-mentioned five measurement points is performed, the measurement points k 0 are 3 or more. Further, for example, when 20 measurement points are used for smoothing processing or differentiation processing, the measurement points k 0 are 21 or more.
- k 0 is a measurement point or time after the detection exclusion range set at the initial stage of measurement.
- the detection exclusion area corresponds to a measurement area or a time area in which a true reaction cannot occur at the initial stage of measurement.
- the detection exclusion range is set as a time domain of about 10 seconds from the start of measurement or a measurement range corresponding thereto under standard APTT measurement conditions, in which time k 0 is larger than 10 seconds. The same applies to PT measurement. Under the measurement conditions for Fbg concentration measurement, the detection exclusion range is set as a time range of about 3 to 4 seconds from the start of measurement or a measurement range corresponding thereto, and at this time, the time k 0 is larger than 3 seconds.
- k 0 is the measurement point or time when V (i) first reaches the threshold V th .
- V th minute noise mixed in the coagulation reaction can be excluded from the true reaction detection process.
- step 2) of the method of the present invention the area under the curve (AUC) before and after the peak of V (i) acquired in step 1) is calculated.
- the peak of V (i) having the maximum value of V (i) up to the measurement point or time k acquired in step 1) as the peak top is used.
- the maximum value of V (i) at k is referred to as cVmax (k) in the following specification.
- cVmax (k) can vary depending on k. Therefore, the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC can also vary depending on k, and are therefore represented herein as the variables AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) of k, respectively.
- cVmax (k), cVmaxT (k), AUC pre (k), and AUC post (k) are calculated.
- the AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) are the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC at k described above, respectively.
- AUC pre (k) represents the AUC of V (i) from k 1 to cVmaxT (k)
- AUC post (k) represents the AUC of V (i) from cVmaxT (k) to k 2 .
- k 1 is the latest measurement point or time among the measurement points or times in which V (i) ⁇ cVmax (k) ⁇ Hr% before cVmaxT (k)
- k 2 is cVmaxT (k). After that, it is the earliest measurement point or time among the measurement points or times that satisfy V (i) ⁇ cVmax (k) ⁇ Hr%.
- k 1 ⁇ k 2 and AUC post (k) 0 from the rising edge of the peak of V (i) to the peak top.
- k 1 and k 2 are the start point of the calculation of the AUC pre (k) and the end point of the calculation of the AUC post (k), respectively.
- Hr is a height ratio and determines the height of the start or end point of V (i) used in the calculation of AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k).
- Hr is set to an arbitrary value greater than 0 and less than 100 (0 ⁇ Hr ⁇ 100), preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ Hr ⁇ 70.
- V (i) the first derivative V (i) of the solidification reaction curve is plotted against time.
- the peak top of V (i) is the maximum value cVmax (k)
- the time at that time is cVmaxT (k).
- a line (baseline) indicating cVmax (k) ⁇ Hr% is drawn under the curve of V (i).
- V (i) was divided into the following four sections T1 to T4 along the horizontal axis direction (reaction progress).
- a line representing Hr% of the peak top Vmax of V (i) was set.
- T1 From the rising point of the reaction
- T2 From the rising point to the maximum point
- T3 From the maximum point to the end point of the baseline
- T4 After the end point of the baseline Table 1, cVmax (k), AUC pre (k) and AUC post at T1 to T4
- T3 is the time when V (i) reaches the true maximum value Vmax and then decreases, and cVmax (k) remains constant at Vmax, so that AUC pre (k) is also constant, while after the peak.
- the region AUC post (k) increases with k.
- T4 is the period after V (i) has passed the baseline end point (k 2 ), and both AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) are constant.
- FIG. 3B illustrates the temporal changes in AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) together with V (i).
- FIG. 4 illustrates pre-peak AUC and post-peak AUC of V (i) of the initial reaction and the true reaction in the coagulation reaction having the initial reaction.
- FIG. 4A shows V (i) of the entire coagulation reaction including the initial reaction and the true reaction
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of V (i) of the initial reaction.
- V (i) increases rapidly immediately after the reaction to form a small peak in the initial reaction, and then gradually decreases to approach zero.
- the pre-peak AUC (AUC pre ) and post-peak AUC (AUC post ) of the initial reaction are smaller than those of the subsequent true reaction.
- the AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) change according to the progress of the coagulation reaction. Therefore, the progress of the coagulation reaction can be grasped based on the AUC pre (k) and the AUC post (k).
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a coagulation reaction with and without an initial reaction.
- Each figure in each row shows the change with time of the baseline Bh, AUC pre and AUC post showing the reaction P, cVmax (k) ⁇ Hr% from the left.
- the first derivative V is shown together in each figure.
- Bh and AUC pre increase with an increase in V, and are constant after V reaches the peak top (Vmax).
- the AUC post increases after V reaches Vmax, and is constant after V becomes Bh or less.
- Bh increases in two stages, that is, the initial reaction and the true reaction.
- the AUC pre and AUC post rise once during the initial reaction, rise again in response to the shift of Bh due to the appearance of the true reaction, and then become constant.
- the AUC pre (k) may become constant when V (i) reaches the peak top, and the AUC post (k) may also become constant, regardless of whether it is an initial noise such as an initial reaction or a true reaction. ..
- the peak of V (i) that appears in the initial noise has a relatively small height and width, both the AUC pre (k) and the AUC post (k) are relatively small values.
- the AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) for the peak of the initial noise are reset by the appearance of the true reaction, the time for them to keep constant values is not long.
- the true reaction can be detected from V (i) based on the values of the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC.
- the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC exceed a predetermined threshold value and the state continues for a certain period or longer, the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC are calculated.
- the peak as the peak of the true reaction.
- step 3) of the method of the present invention the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC of V (i) calculated in step 2) are both set to the first threshold value AUC th1 or higher.
- cVmax (k) is detected as the true maximum value Vmax of V (i).
- Vmax is the maximum value of the true reaction at V (i).
- the first threshold value AUC th1 may be set to different values for the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC, but a common threshold value may be set for both.
- AUC th1 can be appropriately set in consideration of the magnitude of the coagulation reaction of the test sample and the magnitude of noise. Therefore, AUC th1 can be appropriately set according to the types of reagents and devices used for coagulation reaction measurement. Under standard APTT measurement conditions, AUC th1 is preferably in the range of about 1.5 to 2.5 times the maximum pre-peak AUC of the initial reaction, eg 250-420. If AUC th1 is set smaller, Vmax can be detected even from a sample having a small coagulation reaction, but the risk of false detection of the initial reaction increases.
- L th a predetermined value L th
- cVmax (k) is detected as the true maximum value Vmax of V (i).
- the latest measurement point or time for V (i) is k
- the previous measurement point or time is k-x
- x can be appropriately set according to the time frame for comparing with the previously calculated value.
- L th can be set as appropriate, but under standard APTT measurement conditions, L th is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 seconds.
- Vmax detected in the premature measurement range or time domain (for example, the above-mentioned detection exclusion range) where a true reaction cannot occur can be excluded as an error. ..
- the time for the detected Vmax that is, cVmaxT (k)
- AUC th1 can be set relatively small, so that the true maximum value Vmax can be detected even from a sample having a small coagulation reaction.
- Vmax means that the reaction measured at the measurement point or the time k is not an initial noise such as an initial reaction but a true solidification reaction. Therefore, the peak of V (i) having the detected Vmax as the peak top is considered to be V (i) of the true reaction.
- the time when Vmax is detected is at the point where the AUC post (k) becomes a constant value, that is, after V (i) drops below the baseline, and thus the coagulation reaction has reached the end stage at this point. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, after the time when Vmax is detected, the coagulation reaction measurement of the test sample can be completed after acquiring the measurement data necessary for calculating the coagulation time.
- the coagulation reaction measurement of the test sample can be completed. Further, for example, after Vmax is detected, the coagulation reaction measurement of the test sample can be terminated when V (i) is sufficiently lowered.
- the coagulation time of the test sample can be accurately calculated.
- steps 1) to 3) are repeated again.
- This procedure is repeated as long as Vmax is not detected or k does not exceed the measurement end point or time (the maximum measurement point or time at which the coagulation reaction measurement of the test specimen is performed as defined in advance).
- Vmax is detected or k exceeds the measurement end point or time
- the iterative process of steps 1) to 3) ends.
- the measurement end point or time can be set as appropriate, and is preferably in the range of 4 to 8 minutes under standard APTT measurement conditions.
- FIG. 6 shows a flowchart illustrating a procedure for detecting a true coagulation reaction according to the method of the present invention.
- S01 Setting value (setting value: Hr, AUC th1 , L th , etc.)
- S02: Set the measurement counter to "i 1" (initial value)
- D (i) S04: Proceed to S05 when the calculation of reaction P (i) is possible (predetermined number for smoothing process) Because D (i) is required)
- S06 Proceed to S07 when the operation of the first derivative V (i) is possible (because a predetermined number of P (i) are required for the differentiation process).
- the reaction may not be completed and P (i) may continue to rise even at the measurement end point or time.
- the peak top of V (i) of the true reaction does not appear, or V (i) does not drop sufficiently after the peak top, so that the pre-peak AUC does not reach a certain value.
- the post-peak AUC is 0, or the post-peak AUC does not reach a constant value even if the pre-peak AUC reaches a constant value, and as a result, Vmax is detected by the measurement end point or time by the method of the present invention. It may not be done.
- the AUC pre (k) at the measurement end point is AUC th1 or higher. If so, cVmax (k) is detected as the true maximum value Vmax of V (i).
- Vmax may not be detected by the measurement end point or time because the pre-peak AUC or the post-peak AUC does not reach AUC th1 . Therefore, in one embodiment of the method of the present invention, when k exceeds the measurement end point or time without detecting the true maximum value Vmax, the maximum values of the pre-peak AUC and the post-peak AUC are the second threshold values AUC.
- the measurement point or time with the maximum pre-peak AUC is the same as cVmaxT (k), and the measurement point or time with the maximum post-peak AUC is later than cVmaxT (k).
- cVmax (k) is detected as the true maximum value Vmax of V (i) (for example, the procedure shown in FIG. 11 described later is used).
- AUC th2 is preferably smaller than AUC th1 and preferably in the range of 10% to 30% of AUC th1 .
- the true reaction of the test subject may be unclear if there is no or very small coagulation reaction of the test sample, or for other reasons. In such cases, it is difficult to distinguish between true reaction and noise. Specimens with an unclear true reaction can typically be identified by the pre-peak AUC not reaching AUC th1 (and even AUC th2 ). Alternatively, it can be distinguished by the fact that V (i) does not exceed the above-mentioned threshold value V th . For example, by starting step 2) only when V (i) reaches V th , false detection of noise can be prevented. In a sample in which the true reaction is unclear, the true reaction is excluded along with noise, and Vmax may not be detected.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C show the reaction P and the first derivative V of three test specimens having different coagulation abilities.
- FIG. 7A shows a sample in which the true reaction is unclear
- FIG. 7B shows a sample in which the true reaction was not completed within the measurement end point or time
- FIG. 7C shows a sample in which the true reaction was detected. Is shown. These specimens can be classified based on AUC pre (k) and AUC post (k) as follows.
- the coagulation time of the test sample can be calculated by using the further detected true reaction.
- the true coagulation reaction obtained in the method of the present invention such as P (i) or V (i)
- the true maximum value Vmax is detected using V (i) acquired from the data of coagulation reaction measurement, and the coagulation time is calculated using V (i). can.
- P (i) and V (i) are obtained from the data of coagulation reaction measurement, V (i) is used to detect the true maximum value Vmax, and then P ( The coagulation time can be calculated using i) and / or V (i).
- the coagulation reaction measurement of the test sample is terminated when Vmax is detected, and the true reaction P (i) and / or V (i) obtained so far is obtained. It can be used to calculate the coagulation time.
- P (i) and / or V (i) after the rise of the peak containing the detected Vmax eg, P (i) and / or V (i) at i ⁇ k 1 is used.
- the solidification time can be calculated.
- the coagulation reaction measurement of the test sample is continued even after Vmax is detected, and the data on the coagulation reaction necessary for the calculation of the coagulation time or other analysis is acquired. Can be done.
- the method for calculating the coagulation time from the coagulation reaction obtained by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a method of calculating the time when P (i) reaches N% of the maximum value Pmax as the coagulation time (so-called percentage detection method); V (i) is the maximum value Vmax or its own.
- a method of calculating the time when N% is reached as the coagulation time (so-called differential method); a method of calculating the coagulation time based on the time course of the integrated value of P (i) in a minute time zone (Patent Documents 3 and). (See Japanese Patent Application No.
- a method of calculating the coagulation time based on the weighted average time of V (i) (see Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-309344); As a calculation starting point Te, a method of calculating the time when P (i) reaches N% of P (Te) as a coagulation time (see Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-068877) can be mentioned.
- the method for detecting the blood coagulation reaction of the present invention has been described above by taking the case of coagulation reaction measurement based on the amount of scattered light as an example.
- those skilled in the art can apply the method of the present invention to a method for detecting a blood coagulation reaction using another coagulation reaction measuring method (for example, a blood coagulation reaction measuring method based on permeability, absorbance, viscosity, etc.).
- a blood coagulation reaction measuring method based on permeability, absorbance, viscosity, etc.
- the reaction P (i) obtained from an inverse sigmoid-like solidification reaction curve based on the amount of transmitted light has a positive and negative opposite to that based on the amount of scattered light described above.
- the method for detecting the blood coagulation reaction of the present invention described above can be automatically performed using a computer program. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is a program for performing the above-mentioned method for detecting the blood coagulation reaction of the present invention. Further, the series of steps of the method of the present invention described above can be automatically performed by an automatic analyzer. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for performing the above-mentioned method for detecting the blood coagulation reaction of the present invention.
- the automatic analyzer 1 includes a control unit 10, an operation unit 20, a measurement unit 30, and an output unit 40.
- the control unit 10 controls the overall operation of the automatic analyzer 1.
- the control unit 10 may be configured by, for example, a personal computer (PC).
- the control unit 10 includes a CPU, memory, storage, communication interface (I / F), etc., processes commands from the operation unit 20, controls the operation of the measurement unit 30, and stores measurement data received from the measurement unit 30. Data analysis, storage of analysis results, control of output of measurement data and analysis results by the output unit 40, etc. are performed. Further, the control unit 10 may be connected to other devices such as an external medium and a host computer. In the control unit 10, the PC that controls the operation of the measurement unit 30 and the PC that analyzes the measurement data may be the same or different.
- the operation unit 20 acquires the input from the operator and transmits the obtained input information to the control unit 10.
- the operation unit 20 includes a user interface (UI) such as a keyboard and a touch panel.
- UI user interface
- the output unit 40 includes measurement data of the measurement unit 30, analysis results thereof, for example, detection results of P (i), V (i), true coagulation reaction (Vmax, etc.), and a blood sample. Outputs the solidification time of.
- the output unit 40 includes a display device such as a display.
- the measurement unit 30 executes a series of operations for a blood coagulation test and acquires measurement data of the coagulation reaction of a sample including a blood sample.
- the measurement unit 30 includes various equipment and analysis modules necessary for a blood coagulation test, for example, a sample container for storing a blood sample, a reagent container for storing a test reagent, a reaction container for a reaction between a sample and a reagent, a blood sample, and a blood sample.
- Probe for dispensing reagents to reaction vessel, light source, detector for detecting scattered or transmitted light from sample in reaction vessel, data processing circuit for sending data from detector to control unit 10, control It is provided with a control circuit that controls the operation of the measuring unit 30 in response to a command from the unit 10.
- the control unit 10 analyzes the coagulation reaction of the sample based on the data measured by the measurement unit 30. This analysis includes acquisition of P (i) and V (i) described above, detection of a true coagulation reaction (Vmax, etc.), and calculation of a coagulation time using the detected true coagulation reaction. obtain.
- the coagulation reaction curve P (i) or the first derivative V may be created by the control unit 10 based on the measurement data from the measurement unit 30, or may be created and controlled by another device, for example, the measurement unit 30. It may be sent to the unit 10.
- the control unit 10 may store parameters used for detecting the true coagulation reaction, for example, setting values such as AUC th1 and L Th , or the control unit 10 is stored on an external device or a network.
- the set value may be incorporated at the time of analysis.
- control unit 10 may include a program for performing the method for detecting the blood coagulation reaction of the present invention.
- the analysis result in the control unit 10 is sent to the output unit 40 and output.
- the output can take any form, such as display on a screen, transmission to a host computer, or printing.
- the output information from the output unit can include P (i), V (i), the detection result of the true coagulation reaction, the coagulation time, and the like.
- the type of output information from the output unit can be controlled by the program of the present invention.
- the measurement unit 30 continues to measure the test sample until the coagulation reaction is completed, and the data is sequentially sent to the control unit 10.
- the control unit 10 sequentially performs calculations for acquiring P (i) and V (i), and calculates cVmax (k), cVmaxT (k), AUC pre (k), AUC post (k), and the like. Further, it is determined whether or not L ⁇ L Th , and Vmax is detected. When Vmax is detected, the control unit 10 further calculates the coagulation time of the test sample. The obtained analysis result is sent to the output unit and output.
- V (i) and V (i) are sequentially output in parallel with the measurement, and cVmax (k), cVmaxT (k), AUC pre (k), and AUC post (k) are also sequentially output as needed. Will be done. After Vmax is detected, Vmax, its time, and coagulation time are output in a timely manner.
- Example 1 Parameters reflecting the coagulation reaction 1 Test specimens The following 187 cases were used as test specimens: normal plasma (10 cases), heparin-administered plasma (47 cases), LA-positive plasma (11 cases), and so on. Coagulation factor-deficient plasma (14 cases), inhibitor plasma (41 cases), low-concentration fibrinogen plasma (5 cases), other coagulation time-prolonged plasma (59 cases). Initial reactions were observed in 6 of these cases.
- Coagulation reaction measurement Coagpia APTT-N (manufactured by Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.), which is a reagent for APTT measurement, is used as a reagent for measurement, and Coagupia APTT-N calcium chloride solution (manufactured by Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.) is used as a calcium chloride solution. board.
- the coagulation reaction of the sample including the sample was measured using a blood coagulation automatic analyzer CP3000 (manufactured by Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd.). After heating 50 ⁇ L of the sample in the cuvette at 37 ° C.
- the cuvette was irradiated with light having a wavelength of 660 nm using an LED as a light source, and the amount of scattered 90-degree laterally scattered light was measured at 0.1 second intervals.
- reaction P (i) was created by zero point adjustment processing.
- the first derivative V (i) was calculated from P (i).
- APTT coagulation time
- Vmax Maximum value of V (i)
- VmaxT Time of Vmax
- Pmax Maximum value of P (i)
- AUC pre AUC before peak of V (i)
- AUC post AUC after the peak of V (i)
- Table 2 shows an example of the calculated parameters. The nine samples shown in Table 2 were as follows. Specimen 1: Specimen with the smallest Pmax Specimen 2: Specimen with the smallest VmaxT Specimen 3: Specimen with bimodal V (i) Specimens 4-9: Specimen with initial reaction
- FIGS. 9A to 9F The relationships between the parameters are shown in FIGS. 9A to 9F.
- the APTT of 187 test specimens was distributed between the minimum value of 24.9 seconds and the maximum value of 283.7 seconds, and VmaxT had a nearly linear relationship with APTT (FIG. 9A).
- the two specimens deviated from the linear relationship were coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) deficient specimens having a bimodal V (i) in which the first peak was larger.
- Vmax and VmaxT of P (i) FIG. 9B
- the relationship between Vmax and VmaxT tended to be inversely proportional (Fig. 9C).
- Example 2 Real-time detection of true coagulation reaction-1 Using the coagulation reaction data of 187 samples measured in Example 1, real-time detection of Vmax was performed by the procedure shown in the flowchart of FIG. 1) Determination of threshold value AUC th1 As a result of Example 1, the minimum values of AUC pre and AUC post in the test sample were 207 and 285 in the sample 1 having the smallest Pmax. On the other hand, the maximum value of AUC pre in the initial reaction section of the samples 4 to 9 having the initial reaction was 168 in the sample 5. If AUC th1 is too low, sample 5 and other initial reaction parts will be erroneously detected, while if AUC th1 is too large, small reactions in sample 1 and sample 3 cannot be detected. From the above results, AUC th1 was determined to be 255, that is, about 1.5 times the maximum value of the initial reaction part (168 in sample 5).
- Example 3 Real-time detection of true coagulation reaction-2 (low threshold, with detection exclusion range) From the results of Example 1, it was confirmed that the peak of the initial reaction appeared in the early stage of measurement. Therefore, although a reaction smaller than that of the sample 1 of Example 1 can be detected, Vmax real-time detection is performed under the condition that the reaction is not detected in the section where the initial reaction is expected to appear (low threshold value, step S13 is present). bottom. Specifically, real-time detection of Vmax was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the following was changed. AUC th1 : 100 Detection exclusion area (step S13): Yes. Vmax is detected only when cVmaxT (i) is 50 (5 seconds) or later.
- FIG. 10 is a plot of the time (Fix) at which Vmax was detected in this example with respect to VmaxT measured in Example 1. Since all Fixes were slower than VmaxT, it was confirmed that the true reaction could be detected correctly by the procedure of this example. Further, from the results of this example, it was shown that by setting the detection exclusion region (step S13), the true reaction can be correctly detected even in a sample having a small reaction.
- Example 4 Real-time detection of true coagulation reaction-3 (high threshold, with offline detection) Assuming that an initial reaction larger than that of Samples 4 to 9 of Example 1 appears, AUC th1 higher than that of Examples 2 and 1) was set. It was predicted that by increasing AUC th1 , some specimens (eg, specimen 1) would not be able to detect a true reaction by the procedure of FIG. Therefore, the procedure of FIG. 11 was incorporated from S24 of FIG. 6 to the end. Specifically, real-time detection of Vmax was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the following was changed.
- AUC th1 510 AUC th2 : 100 Perform the following procedure in S24: S31: Determining whether the maximum values AUC pre Max and AUC post Max of AUC pre (i) and AUC post (i) both exceed the threshold value AUC th2 S32: Time to become AUC pre Max when S31 is satisfied (AUC) Determining whether preMaxT ) is the same time as cVmaxT (i) and the time (AUC post MaxT ) becomes cVmaxT (i) or later S33: When S32 is satisfied, cVmax (i) is detected as Vmax.
- Vmax was detected in 12 samples including the sample 1 having the smallest Pmax via S24, and Vmax was detected in all the other samples without passing through S24.
- FIG. 12 shows the temporal change of the parameters calculated when the procedure of this example was performed on the sample 1. As shown in FIGS. 12B to 12D, cVmaxT (i) was maximized at the true maximum time VmaxT, AUC pre (i) was maximized at VmaxT, and AUC post (i) was maximized after VmaxT. .. It was confirmed that Vmax correctly detected the maximum value of the true reaction in 12 samples including the sample 1 detected via S24.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕血液凝固反応の検出方法であって、
1)被検血液検体の血液凝固反応を計測して、最新の計測点までの凝固反応の一次微分V(i)を取得すること、ここでiは計測点又は時間を表し、i=k0~kであり、kは最新のV(i)についての最も遅い計測点又は時間を表し、k0はk0≦kである任意の計測点又は時間を表す、
2)kまでのV(i)の最大値cVmax(k)をV(i)のピークトップとして、V(i)のピーク前及びピーク後の曲線下面積(AUC)を算出すること、
3)該ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがいずれも第1の閾値AUCth1又はそれ以上であってかつそれぞれ一定値であり続けた期間Lが、所定の長さに達したときに、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出すること、
を含む、方法。
〔2〕〔1〕記載の方法であって、
前記2)が、cVmax(k)、cVmaxT(k)、AUCpre(k)、及びAUCpost(k)を算出することを含み、ここで
cVmax(k)はV(i)(i=k0~k)の最大値を表し、
cVmaxT(k)はV(i)=cVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間を表し、
AUCpre(k)は、kでのピーク前AUCであって、k1からcVmaxT(k)までのV(i)のAUCを表し、
AUCpost(k)は、kでのピーク後AUCであって、cVmaxT(k)からk2までのV(i)のAUCを表し、
k1は、cVmaxT(k)以前にV(i)≦cVmax(k)×Hr%となる計測点又は時間のうち最も遅い計測点又は時間であり、
k2は、cVmaxT(k)以後にV(i)≦cVmax(k)×Hr%を満たす計測点又は時間のうち最も早い計測点又は時間であり、
0<Hr<100であり;
かつ、該方法が、
前記3)で真の最大値Vmaxを検出しなかった場合に、k=k+x(x>0)として、前記1)~3)を繰り返すこと、
を含む、方法。
〔3〕前記3)が、
AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)がいずれもAUCth1またはそれ以上であって、
かつAUCpre(k)=AUCpre(k-x)、及びAUCpost(k)=AUCpost(k-x)であった場合はL=L+1とし、そうでない場合はL=0とすること;
Lが所定値に達した場合に、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出すること、
を含む、〔2〕記載の方法。
〔4〕10≦Hr≦70である、〔2〕又は〔3〕記載の方法。
〔5〕前記3)において、cVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間が検出除外域に含まれている場合にVmaxを検出しない、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか1項記載の方法。
〔6〕真の最大値Vmaxを検出することなくkが計測終了点又は時間を超えた場合に、kでのピーク前AUCが第1の閾値AUCth1又はそれ以上であれば、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出することをさらに含む、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか1項記載の方法。
〔7〕真の最大値Vmaxを検出することなくkが計測終了点又は時間を超えた場合に、kでのピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがいずれも第2の閾値AUCth2又はそれ以上であり、ピーク前AUCが最大である計測点又は時間がcVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間と同じであり、かつピーク後AUCが最大である計測点又は時間がcVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間よりも遅い場合、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出することをさらに含む、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか1項記載の方法。
〔8〕前記最新の計測点までの凝固反応を反応P(i)として求めることをさらに含む、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1項記載の方法。
〔9〕前記P(i)又はV(i)に基づいて前記被検血液検体の血液凝固時間を算出することをさらに含む、〔8〕記載の方法。
〔10〕i≧k1である、〔9〕記載の方法。
本発明は、血液凝固反応の検出方法を提供する。本発明による血液凝固反応の検出方法(以下、本発明の方法ともいう)は、代表的には、以下を含む:
1)被検血液検体の血液凝固反応を計測して、最新の計測点までの凝固反応の一次微分V(i)を取得すること、ここでiは計測点又は時間を表し、i=k0~kであり、kは最新のV(i)についての最も遅い計測点又は時間を表し、k0はk0≦kである任意の計測点又は時間を表す;
2)kまでのV(i)の最大値cVmax(k)をV(i)のピークトップとして、V(i)のピーク前及びピーク後の曲線下面積(AUC)を算出すること、
3)該ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがいずれも第1の閾値AUCth1又はそれ以上であってかつそれぞれ一定値であり続けた期間Lが、所定の長さに達したときに、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出すること。
まず、上述した凝固反応計測により、計測データD(i)(散乱光量の測光値)が逐次取得される。ここで「i」は、計測点、すなわち計測開始から何番目に計測された点であるかを表す。あるいは「i」は、凝固反応開始からの時間(単に時間ともいう)を表す。例えば、計測(測光)間隔が0.1秒であれば、時間=0.1×iで表される。
別の一実施形態において、k0は、V(i)が最初に閾値Vthに達した計測点又は時間である。閾値Vthを設定することによって、凝固反応に混じる微小なノイズを真の反応の検出プロセスから除外することができる。
該ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCの算出には、工程1)で取得した計測点又は時間kまでのV(i)の最大値をピークトップとするV(i)のピークが用いられる。kでのV(i)の最大値を、以下の本明細書においてcVmax(k)という。cVmax(k)はkに依存して変動し得る。したがって、ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCもkに依存して変動し得、よってそれぞれ本明細書において、kの変数AUCpre(k)、及びAUCpost(k)として表される。
cVmax(k)は、工程1)で取得した計測点又は時間kまでのV(i)の最大値、すなわちV(i)(i=k0~k)の最大値である。
cVmaxT(k)はV(i)=cVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間を表す。
AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)は、それぞれ、上述したkでのピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCである。AUCpre(k)は、k1からcVmaxT(k)までのV(i)のAUCを表し、AUCpost(k)は、cVmaxT(k)からk2までのV(i)のAUCを表し、ここで、k1は、cVmaxT(k)以前にV(i)≦cVmax(k)×Hr%となる計測点又は時間のうち最も遅い計測点又は時間であり、k2は、cVmaxT(k)以後にV(i)≦cVmax(k)×Hr%を満たす計測点又は時間のうち最も早い計測点又は時間である。したがって、基本的にはk1≦k2であり、またV(i)のピークの立ち上がりからピークトップまではAUCpost(k)=0である。k1及びk2は、それぞれ、AUCpre(k)の算出の始点、及びAUCpost(k)の算出の終点である。Hrは、高さ比であり、AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)の算出に用いられるV(i)の始点又は終点の高さを決定する。Hrは、0より大きく100未満(0<Hr<100)、好ましく10≦Hr≦70の範囲の任意の値に設定される。
T1:反応の立上り点まで
T2:立上り点から最大点まで
T3:最大点から基線終点まで
T4:基線終点以降
表1に、T1~T4でのcVmax(k)、AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)の挙動を示す。T1で示される凝固反応開始前では、AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)はともに0である。T2で示されるV(i)の上昇部では、cVmax(k)はkとともに増加し、すなわちcVmax(k)=V(k)であり、そのためAUCpre(k)もkとともに増加し、一方、ピーク後領域は存在しないためAUCpost(k)は0である。T3は、V(i)が真の最大値Vmaxに達した後減少する時期であり、cVmax(k)はVmaxのまま一定であり、そのためAUCpre(k)も一定であり、一方、ピーク後領域AUCpost(k)はkとともに増加する。T4は、V(i)が基線終点(k2)を過ぎた後の時期であり、AUCpre(k)、AUCpost(k)はともに一定である。図3BにAUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)の時間的変化をV(i)とともに図示する。
このように、初期反応等の初期ノイズでも真の反応でも、V(i)がピークトップに達するとAUCpre(k)は一定になり、続いてAUCpost(k)も一定になることがある。しかし、初期ノイズで出現するV(i)のピークは高さも幅も比較的小さいため、AUCpre(k)もAUCpost(k)も比較的小さい値にとどまる。また初期ノイズのピークに対するAUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)は、真の反応の出現によりリセットされるので、それらが一定値を保つ時間は長くない。
Lは、ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがそれぞれ一定値であり続けた期間を表す。例えば、Lの初期値は0であり、計測点又は時間kでのピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがいずれも前の算出値と同じであれば、L=L+1に増加し、一方、ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCの一方又は両方が前の算出値と異なる(増加又は減少した)のであれば、L=0にリセットされる。
S01:設定値の設定(設定値:Hr,AUCth1,Lthなど)
S02:計測カウンタを「i=1」(初期値)に設定
S03:計測データD(i)の取得
S04:反応P(i)の演算が可能なときにS05に進む(平滑化処理に所定個数のD(i)が必要なため)
S05:P(i)の演算
S06:一次微分V(i)の演算が可能なときにS07に進む(微分処理に所定個数のP(i)が必要なため)
S07:V(i)の演算
S08:cVmax(i)を設定(cVmax(i)となるiをcVmaxT(i)と設定)
S09:cVmax(i)に対する基線Bh(i)(=cVmax(i)×Hr%)を算出
S10:AUCpre(i)とAUCpost(i)を算出
S11:AUCpre(i)とAUCpost(i)の両方が閾値AUCth1に適合するかを判定
S12:AUCpre(i)とAUCpost(i)の両方が閾値AUCth1に適合し、かつ一定値を維持しているか(L≧Lthを満たすか)を判定
S13:本ステップは必須でない:cVmaxT(i)が検出除外域にあるか否かを判定
S14:cVmaxT(i)が検出除外域に含まれなかった場合は、cVmax(i)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmax(真の反応の最大値)と決定する
S21:計測カウンタをカウントアップする
S22:計測カウンタが設定した計測時間を超えるかを判定し、超えていない場合はS03に戻る
S23:計測カウンタが計測時間を超えた場合は、計測を終了してVmaxの検出の有無を判定する
S24:得られた演算値を基にして、オフラインで計測データを評価する
図7A:AUCpre(k)(及びAUCpost(k))がAUCth1にもAUCth2にも達しない→反応なし
図7B:AUCpre(k)(又はAUCpost(k))がAUCth1に達するが一定値に達しない→反応途中
図7C:AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)がAUCth1に達し、かつ継続的に一定値である→反応検出
一実施形態において、本発明の方法では、被検検体の真の反応を検出した後、さらに検出した真の反応を用いて、被検検体の凝固時間の算出を行うことができる。本発明の方法において取得された真の凝固反応、例えばP(i)又はV(i)は、血液凝固時間の算出又はその他の各種血液分析に使用することができる。
一例において、本発明の方法では、凝固反応計測のデータから取得したV(i)を用いて真の最大値Vmaxの検出を行い、さらにV(i)を用いて凝固時間の算出を行うことができる。別の一例において、本発明の方法では、凝固反応計測のデータからP(i)及びV(i)を取得し、V(i)を用いて真の最大値Vmaxの検出を行い、次いでP(i)及び/又はV(i)を用いて凝固時間の算出を行うことができる。
一実施形態において、本発明の方法では、Vmaxが検出された時点で被検検体の凝固反応計測を終了し、それまでに取得した真の反応のP(i)及び/又はV(i)を用いて凝固時間の算出を行うことができる。一実施形態においては、検出されたVmaxを含むピークの立ち上がり以降のP(i)及び/又はV(i)、例えばi≧k1でのP(i)及び/又はV(i)を用いて凝固時間の算出を行うことができる。
別の一実施形態において、本発明の方法では、Vmaxが検出された後も被検検体の凝固反応計測を継続し、凝固時間の算出又はその他の分析に必要な凝固反応に関するデータを取得することができる。
以上、散乱光量に基づく凝固反応計測の場合を例として、本発明の血液凝固反応の検出方法を説明した。しかしながら、当業者であれば、本発明の方法を他の凝固反応計測法(例えば透過度、吸光度、粘度などに基づく血液凝固反応計測法)を用いた血液凝固反応の検出方法に応用することが可能であり、よって当該応用は本発明の範囲に包含される。例えば、透過光量に基づくような逆シグモイド状の凝固反応曲線から得られる反応P(i)は、上述した散乱光量に基づくものに対して正負が逆になる。このような場合に、上述した工程1)~3)において、P(i)及びV(i)の符号が逆転することや、cVmax(k)の代わりに、kまでのV(i)の最小値cVmin(k)が算出され、曲線下面積(AUC)の代わりに、曲線上面積(AOC)が算出されること等は、当業者に明らかである。
上述の本発明の血液凝固反応の検出方法は、コンピュータプログラムを用いて自動的に行われ得る。したがって、本発明の一態様は、上述の本発明の血液凝固反応の検出方法を行うためのプログラムである。また、上述した本発明の方法の一連の工程は、自動分析装置によって自動的に行われ得る。したがって、本発明の一態様は、上述の本発明の血液凝固反応の検出方法を行うための装置である。
1)被検検体
被検検体は、次の187例を用いた:正常血漿(10例)、ヘパリン投与血漿(47例)、LA陽性血漿(11例)、凝固因子欠乏血漿(14例)、インヒビター血漿(41例)、低濃度フィブリノーゲン血漿(5例)、他の凝固時間延長血漿(59例)。このうち6例で初期反応が観察された。
測定用試薬として、APTT測定用試薬であるコアグピアAPTT-N(積水メディカル株式会社製)を、塩化カルシウム液として、コアグピアAPTT-N 塩化カルシウム液(積水メディカル株式会社製)を用いた。検体を含む試料の凝固反応計測は、血液凝固自動分析装置CP3000(積水メディカル株式会社製)を用いて行った。検体50μLをキュベット内にて37℃で45秒間加温した後、約37℃の測定用試薬50μLを添加し、さらに171秒経過後に25mM塩化カルシウム液50μLを添加して凝固反応を開始させた。反応は37℃で行った。凝固反応の測定では、キュベットにLEDを光源とする波長660nmの光を照射し、0.1秒間隔で90度側方散乱光の散乱光量を計測した。最大計測時間は400秒間とした(計測点i=1~4000)。
各検体からの測光データに対してノイズ除去を含む平滑化処理を行った後、測光開始時点の散乱光量が0となるようにゼロ点調整処理して反応P(i)を作成した。P(i)から、一次微分V(i)を算出した。
被検検体の凝固時間(APTT)をパーセント法により算出した。P(i)が、その最大値(Pmax)の50%となる時間を凝固時間とした。
1)パラメータの算出
得られたP(i)とV(i)(i=21~3980)を用いて、高さ比(Hr)を20%にして以下のパラメータを算出した。
Vmax:V(i)の最大値
VmaxT:Vmaxの時間
Pmax:P(i)の最大値
AUCpre:V(i)のピーク前AUC
AUCpost:V(i)のピーク後AUC
検体1:最もPmaxが小さい検体
検体2:最もVmaxTが小さい検体
検体3:V(i)が2峰性になった検体
検体4~9:初期反応が出現した検体
初期反応を有する被検検体(表2の検体4~9)について、取得した凝固反応曲線から初期反応部と真の反応部を判定した後、各々の部分におけるパラメータVmax、VmaxT、Pmax、ピーク前AUC(AUCpre)、及びピーク後AUC(AUCpost)を算出した。結果を表3に示す。真の反応部のVmaxTは、約70秒から275秒の範囲であったが、初期反応部のVmaxTは、いずれも約4秒であり計測の初期に出現していることが確認された。
実施例1で計測した187検体の凝固反応データを用いて、図6のフローチャートで示される手順により、Vmaxのリアルタイム検出を実施した。
1)閾値AUCth1の決定
実施例1の結果、被検検体中でのAUCpreとAUCpostの最小値は、Pmaxが最も小さい検体1における207と285であった。一方、初期反応を有する検体4~9の初期反応部のAUCpreの最大値は、検体5における168であった。AUCth1が低すぎる場合、検体5やその他の初期反応部を誤検出することになり、一方、AUCth1が大きすぎる場合、検体1や検体3などでの小さい反応を検出できない。以上の結果から、AUCth1を255、すなわち初期反応部の最大値(検体5における168)の1.5倍程度に決定した。
以下の条件でVmaxのリアルタイム検出を実施した。
i=21~Vmax検出まで(最大3980)
Hr(%):20%
AUCth1:255
Lth:10(1秒)
検出除外域(ステップS13):なし
検体1を除く186検体で真の反応からVmaxを検出することができた。
実施例1の結果より、初期反応のピークは計測初期に出現することが確認された。そこで、実施例1の検体1よりも小さい反応を検出できるが、初期反応が出現すると想定される区間での反応の検出を実施しない(低閾値、ステップS13あり)条件でVmaxのリアルタイム検出を実施した。具体的には、下記を変更した以外は実施例2と同様の条件でVmaxのリアルタイム検出を実施した。
AUCth1:100
検出除外域(ステップS13):あり。cVmaxT(i)が50(5秒)以降のときのみVmaxを検出
実施例1の検体4~9よりも大きな初期反応が出現する場合を想定して、実施例2,1)より高いAUCth1を設定した。AUCth1を高くすることにより一部の検体(例えば検体1)は図6の手順で真の反応が検出されなくなると予測された。そのため、図6のS24から終了までの間に図11の手順を組み込んだ。具体的には、下記を変更した以外は実施例2と同様の条件でVmaxのリアルタイム検出を実施した。
AUCth1:510
AUCth2:100
S24で以下の手順を行う:
S31:AUCpre(i)とAUCpost(i)の最大値AUCpreMax及びAUCpostMaxがいずれも閾値AUCth2を超えているか判定
S32:S31が成立したとき、AUCpreMaxとなる時間(AUCpreMaxT)がcVmaxT(i)と同じ時間かつAUCpostMaxとなる時間(AUCpostMaxT)がcVmaxT(i)以降であるかを判定
S33:S32が成立したとき、cVmax(i)をVmaxとして検出
Claims (10)
- 血液凝固反応の検出方法であって、
1)被検血液検体の血液凝固反応を計測して、最新の計測点までの凝固反応の一次微分V(i)を取得すること、ここでiは計測点又は時間を表し、i=k0~kであり、kは最新のV(i)についての最も遅い計測点又は時間を表し、k0はk0≦kである任意の計測点又は時間を表す、
2)kまでのV(i)の最大値cVmax(k)をV(i)のピークトップとして、V(i)のピーク前及びピーク後の曲線下面積(AUC)を算出すること、
3)該ピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがいずれも第1の閾値AUCth1又はそれ以上であってかつそれぞれ一定値であり続けた期間Lが、所定の長さに達したときに、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出すること、
を含む、方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法であって、
前記2)が、cVmax(k)、cVmaxT(k)、AUCpre(k)、及びAUCpost(k)を算出することを含み、ここで
cVmax(k)はV(i)(i=k0~k)の最大値を表し、
cVmaxT(k)はV(i)=cVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間を表し、
AUCpre(k)は、kでのピーク前AUCであって、k1からcVmaxT(k)までのV(i)のAUCを表し、
AUCpost(k)は、kでのピーク後AUCであって、cVmaxT(k)からk2までのV(i)のAUCを表し、
k1は、cVmaxT(k)以前にV(i)≦cVmax(k)×Hr%となる計測点又は時間のうち最も遅い計測点又は時間であり、
k2は、cVmaxT(k)以後にV(i)≦cVmax(k)×Hr%を満たす計測点又は時間のうち最も早い計測点又は時間であり、
0<Hr<100であり;
かつ、該方法が、
前記3)で真の最大値Vmaxを検出しなかった場合に、k=k+x(x>0)として、前記1)~3)を繰り返すこと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記3)が、
AUCpre(k)及びAUCpost(k)がいずれもAUCth1またはそれ以上であって、かつAUCpre(k)=AUCpre(k-x)、及びAUCpost(k)=AUCpost(k-x)であった場合はL=L+1とし、そうでない場合はL=0とすること;
Lが所定値に達した場合に、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出すること、
を含む、請求項2記載の方法。 - 10≦Hr≦70である、請求項2又は3記載の方法。
- 前記3)において、cVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間が検出除外域に含まれている場合にVmaxを検出しない、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 真の最大値Vmaxを検出することなくkが計測終了点又は時間を超えた場合に、kでのピーク前AUCが第1の閾値AUCth1又はそれ以上であれば、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出することをさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 真の最大値Vmaxを検出することなくkが計測終了点又は時間を超えた場合に、kでのピーク前AUC及びピーク後AUCがいずれも第2の閾値AUCth2又はそれ以上であり、ピーク前AUCが最大である計測点又は時間がcVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間と同じであり、かつピーク後AUCが最大である計測点又は時間がcVmax(k)となる計測点又は時間よりも遅い場合、cVmax(k)をV(i)の真の最大値Vmaxとして検出することをさらに含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記最新の計測点までの凝固反応を反応P(i)として求めることをさらに含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記P(i)又はV(i)に基づいて前記被検血液検体の血液凝固時間を算出することをさらに含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- i≧k1である、請求項9記載の方法。
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