WO2022090019A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022090019A1 WO2022090019A1 PCT/EP2021/079056 EP2021079056W WO2022090019A1 WO 2022090019 A1 WO2022090019 A1 WO 2022090019A1 EP 2021079056 W EP2021079056 W EP 2021079056W WO 2022090019 A1 WO2022090019 A1 WO 2022090019A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- weight
- catalytically active
- coated catalyst
- coated
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical class OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 18
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrolein Chemical compound CC(=C)C=O STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-GPJXBBLFSA-N [(3r,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@H](OC(C)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-GPJXBBLFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical class FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 2
- JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxystibanyl acetate Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXWOHFUULDINMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-nitrothiophen-2-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=1SC=CC=1[N+]([O-])=O RXWOHFUULDINMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000606545 Biplex Species 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical class N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003341 Bronsted base Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VMKYLARTXWTBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VMKYLARTXWTBPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001812 pycnometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/885—Molybdenum and copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8877—Vanadium, tantalum, niobium or polonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/888—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/395—Thickness of the active catalytic layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/55—Cylinders or rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/25—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C51/252—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring of propene, butenes, acrolein or methacrolein
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
- B01J2523/10—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group I (IA or IB) of the Periodic Table
- B01J2523/17—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
- B01J2523/50—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group V (VA or VB) of the Periodic Table
- B01J2523/53—Antimony
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
- B01J2523/50—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group V (VA or VB) of the Periodic Table
- B01J2523/55—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
- B01J2523/60—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group VI (VIA or VIB) of the Periodic Table
- B01J2523/68—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
- B01J2523/60—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group VI (VIA or VIB) of the Periodic Table
- B01J2523/69—Tungsten
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an coated catalyst, comprising coating the outer surface of a geometric shaped support body with a catalytically active multi-element oxide or a powder P, the powder P being converted into a catalytically active multi-element oxide by thermal treatment after coating, and a or more liquid binders, wherein the coating is carried out in a horizontal mixer and the Froude number during the coating in the horizontal mixer is from 0.0160 to 0.1200.
- the present invention also relates to the coated catalysts obtainable according to the invention and their use for heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation over a fixed catalyst bed.
- US 2011/0275856 describes the preparation of catalytically active multi-element oxides containing Mo, V and Cu.
- US 2014/0221683 describes the production of coated catalysts, mixtures of Mo and V-containing catalytically active multi-element oxides and oxides of molybdenum being used.
- EP 3 056 482 A teaches the production of coated catalysts in which a shaped support body is coated with a multi-element oxide containing Mo and V and a binder and the centrifugal acceleration during the coating is from 0.5 to 30 times the acceleration due to gravity.
- the object of the present invention was to provide improved coated catalysts.
- the coated catalysts should in particular have a high pore volume and high abrasion resistance.
- a process for producing an coated catalyst comprising coating the outer surface of a geometric shaped support body with a) one or more catalytically active multi-element oxides and one or more liquid binders, the binder(s) being removed later, or b) one or more powders P and one or more liquid binders, the powder or powders P being converted into one or more catalytically active multi-element oxides by thermal treatment after coating, characterized in that the coating is carried out in a horizontal mixer and the Froude number during the coating in horizontal mixer is from 0.0040 to 0.1200.
- the Froude number is preferably from 0.0080 to 0.1000, particularly preferably from 0.0120 to 0.0800, very particularly preferably from 0.0160 to 0.0600.
- the Froude number is defined as follows: with r: radius of the blending tool w: angular frequency g: gravitational acceleration
- a Froude number of 0.1200 corresponds to a centrifugal acceleration of 0.1200 times the acceleration of gravity.
- the geometric shaped carrier bodies to be coated are placed in a rotating container (e.g. coating pan).
- the rotating container has an angle of inclination of approx. 90° and is also known as a horizontal mixer.
- the rotating revolving container guides the shaped carrier bodies, which are in particular spherical or cylindrical, especially hollow cylindrical, under two dosing devices arranged one after the other at a certain distance.
- the first dosing device suitably corresponds to a nozzle by means of which the rolling geometric shaped carrier bodies are sprayed with the liquid binder and moistened in a controlled manner.
- the second metering device is located outside the atomization cone of the liquid binder sprayed in and is used to feed in the catalytically active multi-element oxide or the powder P (e.g.
- the geometric shaped carrier bodies which are moistened in a controlled manner, absorb the catalytically active multi-element oxide or the powder P, so that the rolling movement on the outer surface of the cylindrical or spherical shaped carrier bodies compresses them to form a coherent shell (such a compacting movement does not occur in the inner circle of a hollow-cylindrical shaped carrier body instead, which is why it remains essentially uncoated).
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide is also referred to below as active material.
- the mixing drum of the horizontal mixer preferably has a diameter of 0.5 to 2.5 m and/or a length of 0.25 to 1.5 m.
- Hollow-cylindrical geometric shaped carrier bodies with a length of 3 to 8 mm, an external diameter of 4 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm are preferably used as the geometric shaped carrier body.
- the coated catalyst preferably has an active composition fraction of from 5 to 50% by weight, based on the total composition.
- the coating based on the active composition, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 kg/kg, particularly preferably from 0.10 to 0.4 kg/kg, very particularly preferably from 0.15 to 0.3 kg/kg kg, of the liquid binder is used.
- the coating time is preferably from 0.5 to 10 minutes, particularly preferably from 1.0 to 7 minutes, very particularly preferably from 1.5 to 4 minutes, in each case per % by weight of active composition.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide contains, for example, the elements Mo, V and optionally W or the elements Mo, Bi and optionally Fe.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide preferably contains the elements Mo, W, V, Cu and optionally Sb, the ratio of the elements corresponding to general formula (I).
- an aqueous solution or aqueous suspension can be generated using suitable sources of the elementary constituents. This is described as an example for a catalytically active multi-element oxide containing the elements Mo, W, V, Cu and optionally Sb:
- an aqueous solution or aqueous suspension is generated from sources of the elemental constituents V, Mo, W, and optionally Sb.
- the order of addition is not subject to any restrictions.
- the pH is preferably from 3 to 8, particularly preferably from 4 to 7, very particularly preferably from 5 to 7.
- Ammonium paratungstate theptahydrate is the preferred source of the elemental constituent W.
- Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate is the preferred source of the elemental constituent Mo.
- Ammonium metavanadate is the preferred source of the elemental constituent V.
- Antimony (III) acetate or antimony (III) oxide are the preferred sources of the elementary constituents Sb.
- the pH of the aqueous medium can be suitably modified by adding appropriate standardizing agents, for example, in order to increase the solubility of the source of an elementary To improve constituents in the aqueous medium.
- appropriate suspending agents are those Bronsted acids and Bronsted bases which decompose into gaseous components under the action of elevated temperatures, such as are used in the thermal treatment of the geometric precursor shaped bodies to form the desired catalytically active multi-element oxide.
- pH adjusters examples include ammonia, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and ammonium salts of strong and weak Bronsted acids such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and ammonium oxalate.
- complexing agents which are soluble in the aqueous medium and which decompose into gaseous compounds when exposed to elevated temperatures, at least in the presence of molecular oxygen, and/or escape as gaseous compounds and are present in the sources in ionic form can also be added to the aqueous medium able to complex elementary constituents, which usually also leads to an improvement in solubility in the aqueous medium.
- grain complexing agents ammonia and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and their salts, which are preferably readily water-soluble.
- Another measure to improve the solubility in the aqueous medium is the use of elevated temperatures.
- more than one of the various options mentioned for improving the solubility in the aqueous medium can also be used simultaneously.
- the solubility of the at least one source of the elementary constituents W depends on the order of dosing.
- the source of the elementary constituents W should therefore be dosed before the sources of the elementary constituents Mo, V and optionally Sb.
- a different dosing sequence is also possible in principle.
- sources of the elemental constituents Cu and optionally Sb are added to the resulting aqueous solution or aqueous suspension.
- the source of the elementary constituent Cu is advantageously added as a solid.
- the pH is preferably from 3 to 8, particularly preferably from 4 to 7, very particularly preferably from 5 to 7.
- Antimony(III) acetate or antimony(III) oxide are the preferred sources of the elemental constituent Sb.
- further sources of elementary constituents for example Ta, Cr, Ce, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Nb, Bi, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Si, Al, Ti and Zr can be added.
- a powder P can be produced directly by spray-drying the aqueous solution or aqueous suspension.
- the aqueous solution or aqueous suspension is divided into fine droplets, expediently by means of a nozzle that can be operated by liquid pressure, compressed air or inert gas, or by means of rotating atomizer disks, and introduced into a hot gas stream, preferably into a hot air stream, which Fractions of a second to powder P dries.
- the hot gas stream can flow in the direction opposite to the spray jet, ie in countercurrent, or preferably with the spray jet, ie in cocurrent.
- the spray tower can be operated with a directly or indirectly preheated gas stream.
- a directly heated gas flow is preferably used, in which hot fuel gas produced by burning a fuel such as methane, for example, is mixed with an additional air flow and fed to the spray tower.
- Typical inlet temperatures of the hot gas stream are in the range from 250 to 390°C, preferably in the range from 270 to 380°C, and typical outlet temperatures are in the range from 90 to 150°C.
- the residual water content of the resulting powder P is expediently at most 10% by weight and particularly expediently at most 6% by weight. Low residual water contents are advantageous. As a rule, the aforementioned residual water content is usually at least 0.5% by weight, frequently at least 2% by weight.
- Information on the residual water content in this document relates generally to its determination using the Moisture Analyzer HB43 from Mettler Toledo AG Laboratory & Weighing Technologies in CH-8606 Gsammlungsee.
- about 5 g of powder P are heated to 120° C. in about 50 seconds by means of infrared radiation and are kept at this temperature. The measurement ends when the weight loss is less than 1 mg within 20 seconds.
- powders P obtainable as described have comparatively uniform particle diameters.
- the aqueous solution or aqueous suspension to be spray-dried is advantageously passed over at least one suitable sieve in order to separate any coarse particles it may contain, which could clog the spray nozzles, for example, before they enter the spray drying device.
- the temperature of the delivery line is expediently kept at the end value of the production temperature of the aqueous solution or the aqueous suspension.
- the residual solution or suspension that has not yet been spray-dried is advantageously continuously mixed by stirring and kept at the starting temperature relevant to its spray-drying.
- the aqueous solution or aqueous suspension to be spray-dried is normally produced in stirred vessels made of type 1.4541 (DIN EN 10020) stainless steel.
- the spray drying device and the stirrer are expediently made of the same material.
- the powder P obtained can be thermally treated (also referred to as calcining) directly to form the catalytically active multi-element oxide. However, it is also possible to first produce geometric precursor moldings.
- geometric precursor shaped bodies of any desired geometry are formed directly from the powder P by compaction, such as press agglomeration or tableting (e.g. as in the documents DE 10 2008 054586 A, DE 10 2008 040093 A and DE 10 2008 040094 A for comparable powdered mixtures shown as an example).
- compaction such as press agglomeration or tableting
- Examples of precursor molding geometries typical according to the invention are spheres (the diameter of which can be for example from 2 to 10 mm) and solid cylinders or hollow cylinders (rings) with an outside diameter and a length which are typically from 2 to 10 mm.
- a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm is appropriate.
- Auxiliaries for the subsequent shaping can of course also be mixed into the powder P.
- Lubricants such as graphite, carbon black, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid, salts of stearic acid, starch, polyacrylic acid, mineral oil, vegetable oil, water, boron nitride, boron trifluoride, glycerol, finely divided Teflon powder and/or cellulose ethers are suitable as such.
- the aforementioned lubricants can partially or completely decompose and/or chemically react during the thermal treatment of the geometric precursor shaped bodies, if appropriate with the formation of substances escaping in gaseous form.
- the mixture to be compacted can contain added so-called reinforcing agents, which promote cohesion in the resulting geometric precursor shaped body.
- reinforcing agents can be, for example, microfibers made of glass, asbestos, silicon carbide and/or potassium titanate.
- reinforcing aids are normally essentially completely retained in the course of the thermal treatment according to the invention of the geometric precursor shaped bodies.
- lubricants and reinforcing agents can also be mixed in together.
- the total amount of shaping aids contained is generally not more than 30% by weight, usually not more than 20% by weight and in many cases not more than 10% by weight (often but at least 0.1% by weight, or at least 0.2% by weight, or at least 0.5% by weight, or at least 1% by weight).
- At least one liquid is advantageously mixed in as well.
- This is preferably water, an aqueous solution and/or the components of an aqueous solution.
- at least one of the aforementioned liquid shaping aids is a lower (C2 to C5) organic carboxylic acid (e.g. formic acid, acetic acid (preferred), propionic acid, fumaric acid and/or maleic acid or their respective aqueous solution and/or the components of such an aqueous solution ) mixed in.
- the same (preferably acetic acid) are advantageously mixed in altogether in a total amount of from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the content of powder P in the mixture as a whole.
- the total water content of the resulting total mixture can be from 5 to 45% by weight, preferably from 10 to 30% by weight.
- One or more lower organic carboxylic acids preferably acetic acid
- aqueous solution are advisably mixed in by kneading and as homogeneously as possible.
- the temperature during kneading will usually not be more than 50°C.
- the aforesaid temperature is in the range 20 to 50°C, suitably in the range 30 to 40°C.
- Kneading preferably lasts less than 12 hours, more preferably from 10 to 360 minutes, most preferably from 20 to 120 minutes.
- the resulting plastically formable mass (the resulting kneaded material, the resulting kneaded mass) is then shaped by extrusion to form shaped bodies (precursor shaped bodies) of the desired geometry.
- shaped bodies precursor shaped bodies
- these can be strands (solid cylinders). Rings can of course also be considered as possible extrudates according to the invention.
- a thermal treatment of the same includes drying them. As a rule, this drying takes place at temperatures of less than 200°C, preferably at most 150°C, but usually at temperatures of at least 60°C, at least 80°C, or at least 100°C.
- the powder P produced or the shaped precursor bodies produced is then thermally treated (also referred to as calcination) to form the catalytically active multi-element oxide.
- the calcination is carried out at final temperatures of from 200 to 600° C., preferably from 300 to 500° C., particularly preferably from 370 to 430° C. (material material temperature in each case).
- the material advantageously has a temperature which is as uniform as possible according to the invention.
- the calcination can be carried out batchwise or continuously.
- the heating speed is preferably from 0.1 to 20 K/min, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10 K/min, very particularly preferably from 1 to 5 K/min.
- the material travels through a furnace.
- the calcination can be carried out isothermally or using different temperature zones, as described in EP 1 322 585 A.
- the temperature of the first temperature zone is preferably at least 30°C lower than the highest temperature of the other temperature zones.
- the calcination can be carried out with the powder P or the shaped precursor bodies in a stationary or moving bed.
- the calcination of the precursor moldings is preferably carried out in a moving bed.
- Suitable apparatuses are rotary kilns, as described in EP 1 633467 A, or belt calciners, as described in EP 1 322 585 A. Rotary kilns are preferred.
- the thermal treatment (in particular the calcination) of the powder P or the geometric precursor shaped bodies can be carried out both under an inert gas and under an oxidative (gas) atmosphere such as air (or another mixture of inert gas and oxygen) as well as under a reducing atmosphere (e.g. Mixtures of inert gas and reducing gases such as hydrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide, methane and/or acrolein or the reducing gases mentioned per se) can be carried out (of course, an overall reducing atmosphere can also have a limited molecular oxygen content).
- the oxidative (gas) atmosphere preferably contains from 0.1 to 10% by volume, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5% by volume, very particularly preferably from 1 to 2% by volume, of molecular oxygen.
- the preferred oxidative (gas) atmospheres contain inert gases such as nitrogen and water vapor.
- the water vapor content is preferably less than 5% by volume, particularly preferably less than 2% by volume. Oxygen levels above and below the above limits can reduce the resulting catalytic activity. In principle, however, the thermal treatment can also be carried out under vacuum.
- the calcination can lead to uncontrolled generation of heat in the powder P or in the shaped precursor body, as a result of which the catalytically active multi-element oxide to be produced is damaged.
- ammonium salts for example, at temperatures of 150 to 350° C., ammonia is released during the calcination and can burn.
- the uncontrolled generation of heat can be limited by sufficient heat and gas exchange. However, it is also possible to adjust the amount of material to be calcined, the amount and composition of the atmosphere and the temperature program.
- thermal treatment of the powder P or the geometric precursor moldings takes place in a gaseous atmosphere, this can either be static or flow.
- the thermal treatment (in particular the calcination) of the powder P or the geometric shaped precursor bodies can take up to 24 hours or more.
- the thermal treatment (in particular the calcination) often extends over a period of minutes to a few hours, for example from 0.5 to 10 hours, or from 1 to 5 hours. Elevated temperatures are usually associated with shorter thermal treatment (particularly calcination) times and at lower temperatures longer thermal treatment (particularly calcination) times are typically employed.
- High temperatures and long treatment times (in particular of the calcination) generally reduce the specific surface area of the resulting catalytically active multi-element oxides in the course of the thermal treatment of the geometric shaped precursor bodies (the precursor composition).
- the thermal treatment (in particular the calcination) of the geometric shaped precursor bodies preferably takes place in a gas atmosphere containing oxygen.
- the resulting catalytic activity of the catalytically active multi-element oxide obtained during the thermal treatment generally shows an optimum as a function of the oxygen content of the calcination atmosphere.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxides are converted into a finely divided form (e.g. crushed into powder or grit, for example by grinding) and this finely divided form (to obtain a so-called coated catalyst) is applied as a shell of the catalytically active multi-element oxide to the outer surface of a geometric shaped support body .
- the specific BET surface area of the catalytically active multi-element oxides is typically from 10 to 35 m 2 / g, preferably from 11 to 35 m 2 / g, particularly preferably from 12 to 25 m 2 / g, very particularly preferably from 13 to 20 m 2 / g (determined by gas adsorption (N 2 ) according to Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)).
- N 2 gas adsorption
- BET Brunauer-Emmet-Teller
- the application is carried out with the help of a liquid binder. It acts as an adhesive liquid, with the help of which the finely divided, catalytically active multi-element oxide is attached to the outer surface of the geometric shaped carrier body.
- the adhesive liquid can then be at least partially removed again from the coated geometric shaped carrier body (for example by passing hot gas over it, as described in WO 2006/094766).
- the residual water content of the resulting catalyst is preferably not more than 1.0% by weight, particularly preferably not more than 0.5% by weight, very particularly preferably not more than 0.2% by weight, based in each case on the total mass of the catalyst.
- Aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicates such as clay, kaolin, steatite (preferably steatite from Cerarn Tee (DE) of the type C-220, or preferably with a low alkali content soluble in water), pumice, aluminum silicate are used as the material for the geometric shaped carrier bodies , magnesium silicate, silicon carbide and zirconium dioxide.
- the geometric shaped carrier bodies are largely inert with regard to the relevant partial oxidation (i.e. when they are used solely as "catalysts" for the corresponding heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation of, for example, acrolein to acrylic acid, they are largely inert, i.e. they essentially do not cause any conversion of the acrolein ).
- the outer surface of the geometric shaped carrier body can be either smooth or rough.
- the outer surface of the geometric shaped support body is advantageously rough, since increased surface roughness generally results in increased adhesion of the catalytically active multi-element oxides applied.
- Suitable geometric shaped carrier bodies with clearly developed surface roughness are in particular shaped carrier bodies which have a layer of grit on their outer surface (geometric shaped shaped bodies preferred according to the invention are hollow cylinders with a grit layer on their outer surface).
- the surface roughness Rz of the outer surface of the geometric shaped carrier body is preferably in the range from 30 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 50 to 70 ⁇ m (determined in accordance with DIN 4768 Part 1 with a “Hommel Tester for DIN-ISO Surface parameters” from Hommelwerke). Particular preference is given to geometric shaped carrier bodies with a rough surface made of steatite C220 from Cerarn Tee (DE).
- the carrier materials can be porous or non-porous.
- the carrier material is preferably non-porous (the total volume of the pores of the geometric shaped carrier body is advantageously at most 1% by volume, based on the volume of the respective geometric shaped carrier body).
- the specific BET surface area (related to the unit of its mass) of the carrier material is accordingly preferably small.
- the geometric shaped carrier bodies can have a regular or irregular shape, preference being given to regularly shaped geometric shaped carrier bodies.
- the longitudinal extent of the geometric shaped carrier body is normally in the range from 1 to 10 mm (the longitudinal extent is the longest straight line connecting two points located on the outer surface of a shaped carrier body).
- Spheres or (solid) cylinders are preferably used as geometric shaped carrier bodies.
- Favorable diameters for carrier balls are from 3 to 9 mm. If cylinders are used as geometric shaped carrier bodies, their length is preferably from 2 to 10 mm and their outside diameter is preferably from 4 to 10 mm.
- the wall thickness is usually from 1 to 4 mm.
- Hollow-cylindrical geometric shaped carrier bodies with a length of 3 to 8 mm, an external diameter of 4 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm are very particularly preferred geometric shaped carrier bodies.
- Examples of favorable ring geometries for shaped carrier bodies are hollow cylinders with a geometry of 7 mm x 3 mm x 4 mm (external diameter x length x internal diameter) and geometries of 6 mm x 6 mm x 4 mm, 7 mm x 7 mm x 5 mm and 5 mm x 3 called mm x 2 mm.
- Favorable geometric shaped carrier bodies are also all the shaped carrier bodies disclosed in Research Disclosure Database Number 532036 in August 2008 (in particular all the shaped carrier bodies disclosed there by way of example).
- coated catalysts VS and ES disclosed in the present specification can also be carried out with any annular shaped support bodies disclosed there by way of example (in particular with those with the geometry 7 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 4 mm or 6 mm ⁇ 6 mm ⁇ 4 mm).
- the thickness of the shell of catalytically active multi-element oxide applied to the outer surface of the geometric shaped carrier bodies is expediently generally 10 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- this shell thickness is preferably from 10 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 30 to 450 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably from 50 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the shell thickness is as uniform as possible when viewed over an individual shell catalyst.
- the thickness of the coating is likewise as uniform as possible when considered over a number of individual coated catalytic converter ring bodies.
- the aforementioned uniformity of the shell thickness is expediently often in the range of those specifications that were made in the exemplary embodiments of DE 103 60 058 A.
- the finely divided, catalytically active multi-element oxide can be applied to the outer surface of the geometric shaped support body, for example, by first moistening the outer surface with the liquid binder in a controlled manner (for example by spraying). By bringing the thus moistened geometric shaped carrier bodies into contact with the finely divided catalytically active multi-element oxide, a layer of the active composition is then attached to the moistened surface (for example dusting the moistened geometric shaped carrier bodies as described in EP 0 714 700 A with the finely divided catalytically active multi-element oxide).
- controlled moistening means that the carrier surface is expediently moistened in such a way that, although liquid binder is adsorbed on it, no liquid phase as such appears visually on the carrier surface. If the support surface is too moist, the finely divided, catalytically active multi-element oxide agglomerates into separate agglomerates instead of being absorbed onto the surface. Detailed information on this can be found in DE 29 09 671 A and DE 100 51 419 A, as well as in EP 0 714 700 A. Of course, the process to achieve an increased layer thickness can be repeated periodically. In this case, the coated body becomes the new "carrier body" etc.
- organic binders are monohydric or polyhydric organic alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or glycerol, monohydric or polyhydric organic carboxylic acids such as propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid or maleic acid, amino alcohols such as ethanolamine or Diethanolamine and mono- or polyfunctional organic amides such as formamide.
- monohydric or polyhydric organic alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or glycerol
- monohydric or polyhydric organic carboxylic acids such as propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid or maleic acid
- amino alcohols such as ethanolamine or Diethanolamine and mono- or polyfunctional organic amides such as formamide.
- Suitable as organic binder components (binder promoters) soluble in water, in an organic liquid or in a mixture of water and an organic liquid are monosaccharides and oligosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and/or lactose.
- a solution consisting of 20 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 80% by weight of an organic compound is particularly advantageously used as the liquid binder.
- the organic content of the aforementioned liquid binders is preferably 10 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably 20 to 30% by weight.
- Very particularly preferred liquid binders are solutions consisting of 20 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 80% by weight of glycerol.
- the glycerol content in these aqueous solutions is advantageously 10 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably 20 to 30% by weight.
- the advantage of preferred binders is based, inter alia, on the fact that they are able to wet both the finely divided, catalytically active multi-element oxide and the outer surface of the geometric shaped support bodies in a fully satisfactory manner.
- the fineness of the finely divided, catalytically active multi-element oxide to be applied to the outer surface of the geometric shaped support body is of course adapted to the desired shell thickness.
- those active mass powders are suitable, of which at least 50% of the total number of preferably granular powder particles pass through a sieve with a mesh size (circular mesh) of 1 to 20 ⁇ m or alternatively 1 to 10 ⁇ m and their numerical proportion of particles with a length of more than 50 ⁇ m (particles that no longer pass through a sieve with a mesh size (circular mesh) of 50 ⁇ m) is less than 10% by weight. Otherwise, what was said on page 18 of WO 2005/120702 applies accordingly.
- Coated catalysts obtainable as described will preferably be produced according to the preparation method described and exemplified in EP 0 714 700 A (see also WO 2011/134932 and the exemplary embodiments of DE 103 60 057 A).
- An aqueous solution of 75% by weight water and 25% by weight glycerin is the preferred liquid binder.
- the process of thermal treatment of the geometric shaped precursor bodies is advantageously carried out according to the procedure described and exemplified in DE 103 60 057 A.
- the binder is removed later, for example in a stream of air at 300°C. This can take place immediately after the coating or only after it has been filled into the reactor used for the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation.
- the geometric shaped bodies with one or more powders P and one or more liquid binders and to convert the powder or powders P after coating into one or more catalytically active multi-element oxides by thermal treatment (calcination).
- the binder is removed during the thermal treatment.
- coated catalysts are particularly suitable for catalyzing a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid, as described in WO 2007/082827, WO 2004/085365, WO 2004/085367, WO 2004/085368, WO 2004/085369, WO 2004/085370, WO 2005/016861, WO 2005/047226 and WO 2005/042459. They are notable in particular for the fact that a catalyst bed charged with them has a long service life when carrying out the partial oxidation, during which the target product is formed with high selectivity.
- the preferred application form of an coated catalyst obtainable according to the invention is that which preferably has an annular geometry.
- coated catalyst exemplified in the example of the present document, for example in all exemplary embodiments and in all comparative examples of WO documents WO 2007/082827, WO 2004/085365, WO 2004/085367, WO 2004/085368, WO 2004/ 085369, WO 2004/085370, WO 2005/016861, WO 2005/047226 and WO 2005/042459, in which it is able to replace the catalyst used there (that which was said for the coated catalyst from the example of the present document also applies to the Coated catalyst from the comparative example of the present specification).
- the coated catalysts are also advantageously suitable for catalyzing the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation can be carried out in a manner known per se.
- a reaction gas mixture containing (meth)acrolein, molecular oxygen and at least one inert diluent gas is passed through a catalyst bed at elevated temperature and while the (meth)acrolein is in the catalyst bed it is converted to (meth)acrylic acid.
- steam as a component of the reaction gas mixture leads to an improvement in selectivity and activity. Otherwise, inert diluent gases with an increased molar specific heat such as n-propane or carbon dioxide are advantageous.
- gases which change chemically when the reaction gas mixture passes through the catalyst bed preferably to a maximum of 5 mol %, particularly preferably to a maximum of 3 mol %, very particularly preferably to a maximum of 1 mol %, or not at all chemically.
- Heat exchanger reactors are particularly suitable for carrying out the gas-phase partial oxidation of (meth)acrolein.
- a heat exchanger reactor has at least one primary space and at least one secondary space, both of which are separated from one another by a partition.
- the catalyst charge which comprises at least one catalytically active multi-element oxide obtainable according to the invention and through which a (meth)acrolein-containing reaction gas mixture flows, is placed in the at least one primary space. simultaneous A fluid heat transfer medium flows through the secondary space and heat exchange takes place between the two spaces through the dividing wall, the purpose of which is to monitor and control the temperature of the reaction gas mixture on its way through the catalyst bed.
- the gas phase partial oxidation of (meth)acrolein is carried out in a tube bundle (heat exchanger) reactor having one or more temperature zones, as described in EP 0 700 174 A, EP 0 700 893 A, DE 199 10 508 A, DE 19948 523 A, DE 199 10 506 A, DE 19948241 A, DE 28 30 765 A, DE 25 13405 A, US 3,147,084, DE 22 01 428 A, EP 0 383224 A, JP 2007- 260588 and JP S58-096041.
- a fixed catalyst bed is located in the form of a corresponding bed of coated catalysts in the metal tubes (catalyst tubes) of the tube bundle reactor and the temperature media or media are routed around the metal tubes (if there is more than one temperature zone, a corresponding number of spatially essentially separate temperature media is routed around the metal tubes ).
- the fixed catalyst bed can have sections of different activity, for example by using catalysts of different activity or by dilution with inert geometric shaped bodies.
- the temperature medium is usually a molten salt.
- the reaction gas mixture is passed through the catalyst tubes.
- the fixed catalyst bed can also be located in the spaces between heat transfer plates of a heat transfer plate reactor, as recommended by DE 102004 017 150 A, DE 199 52 964 A and DE 103 61 456 A.
- the fixed catalyst bed can very generally consist only of coated catalysts obtainable according to the invention, but also of such coated catalysts diluted with inert geometric shaped bodies.
- Inert geometric shaped bodies which can be used here are the geometric shaped support bodies (support bodies) used for the production of coated catalysts according to the invention.
- a pure inert shaped body bed can be located upstream and/or behind the fixed catalyst bed (such pure inert shaped body beds are normally not included in the calculation of the load on the fixed catalyst bed with reaction gas or with a reaction gas component).
- Catalyst tubes used in a tube bundle reactor are usually made from ferritic steel and typically have a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm. Their inner diameter is usually from 20 to 45 mm, often from 21 to 35 mm or from 22 to 30 mm. Their length is expediently from 2 to 8 m, often from 3 to 6 m.
- the number of catalyst tubes accommodated in the tube bundle vessel is expediently at least 5,000, preferably at least 10,000.
- the number of catalyst tubes accommodated in the reactor vessel is frequently 15,000 to 40,000.
- Tube bundle reactors with a number of catalyst tubes in excess of 50,000 are the exception rather than the rule.
- the catalyst tubes are normally distributed homogeneously (preferably 6 equidistant neighboring tubes per catalyst tube), the distribution being expediently chosen such that the distance between the central inner axes of the catalyst tubes that are closest to one another (the so-called catalyst pipeline) is 35 to 45 mm ( see for example EP 0 468290 A).
- melts of salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and/or sodium nitrate, or of low-melting metals such as sodium, mercury and alloys of different metals is particularly favorable as a heat exchange medium for tube bundle reactors.
- Loading contact tubes in tube bundle reactors with coated catalysts obtainable according to the invention, in particular the coated catalysts exemplified in the example, but also in the comparative example of the present document, is particularly advantageous when the tube bundle reactor is operated with a (meth)acrolein loading of the catalyst charge of at least 130 Nl/hh, or at least 150 Nl/hh, or at least 160 Nl/lh, or at least 170 Nl/hh, or at least 180 Nl/hh, or at least 200 Nl/lh, or at least 220 Nl/h, or at least 240 Nl/hh, or at least 260 Nl/hh.
- Such a catalyst charge is also advantageous in the case of relatively small (for example not more than 130 l/h, or not more than 100 l/h, or not more than 80 l/h, or not more than 60 l/h) (meth)acrolein throughputs.
- the (meth)acrolein space velocity of the catalyst charge will be at least 400 l/hh, or at least 350 l/h, or at least 300 l/h, or at least 280 l/h (corresponding loads can also be realized in thermoplate reactors).
- the volume-specific activity of the fixed catalyst bed will generally be designed in such a way that it increases in the direction of flow of the reaction gas.
- volume-specific activity can also be adjusted by using catalysts with different specific BET surface areas. It is also possible to use coated catalysts with different pore volumes or different shell thicknesses. The activity increases with increasing specific BET surface area, pore volume and shell thickness.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation with coated catalysts obtainable according to the invention can be carried out in all aspects very generally as described in DE 103 50 822 A.
- the (meth)acrolein content in the reaction gas input mixture can be from 3 to 15% by volume, frequently from 4 to 10% by volume, or from 5 to 8% by volume (in each case based on the total volume of the reaction gas input mixture).
- the molar ratio of oxygen to (meth)acrolein in the reaction gas input mixture will normally be at least 1. Usually, this ratio will be at values of 3 at most.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed (meth)acrolein partial oxidation is often used to (meth)acrylic acid with a (meth)acrolein to oxygen to water vapor to inert gas volume ratio (NI) present in the reaction gas input mixture of 1:(1 to 3):(0 to 20):(3 to 30), preferably of 1: Execute (1 to 3) : (0.5 to 10) : (7 to 10).
- inert diluent gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, noble gases, propane, ethane, methane, butane and/or pentane (i.e., each as the sole diluent gas or in admixture with one or more other gases). other of these inert diluent gases) into consideration.
- the reaction temperatures of such a heterogeneously catalyzed (meth)acrolein partial oxidation are usually in the range from 200 to 400° C., generally from 220 to 380° C., in many cases from 230 to 350° C., frequently from 245 to 285° C. or from 245 up to 265°C.
- the working pressure absolute pressure
- the working pressure is normally 101.3 to 350 kPa, or 101.3 to 250 kPa, or 101.3 to 205 kPa (in particular as the inlet pressure into the fixed catalyst bed).
- the (meth)acrolein partial oxidation with the catalysts obtainable according to the invention can also be carried out at working pressures below atmospheric pressure.
- the (meth)acrolein conversion based on a single pass of the reaction gas mixture through the fixed catalyst bed, is usually at least 90 mol%, frequently at least 98 mol%, and in many cases at least 99 mol% or even at least 99.9 mol%.
- the partial oxidation process according to the invention can be carried out in full compliance with the recommendations of the teachings of DE 10 2007 019 597 A or WO 2008/104577 or WO 2011/134932.
- the (meth)acrolein-containing product gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation of a C3/C4 precursor compound for example propene or isobutene
- a C3/C4 precursor compound for example propene or isobutene
- the (meth)acrylic acid can be separated off from the product gas mixture of the partial oxidation in a manner known per se, for example by first converting the (meth)acrylic acid into the condensed phase by absorptive and/or condensing measures. Subsequent thermal separation processes such as rectification and/or crystallization can then be used to isolate (meth)acrylic acid in any desired purity from the condensed phase (cf. DE 602004924 T and WO 2006/114428 and the prior art cited in these documents).
- a further subject of the present invention are coated catalysts obtainable by the process according to the invention, consisting of a geometric shaped support body and one or more catalytically active multi-element oxides, the pore volume and the proportion of active material being the condition
- PV/AM 055 > 0.140, preferably
- PV/AM 055 > 0.145, particularly preferred
- PV/AM 055 > 0.150, very particularly preferred
- PV/AM 0 ' 55 > 0.155 where PV is the pore volume in ml/g and AM is the proportion of active material in wt. % and the pore volume is determined after the binder has been removed, and the abrasion is less than 5.5 wt. % is preferably less than 4.5% by weight, more preferably less than 3.5% by weight, most preferably less than 2.5% by weight, and the abrasion is determined before the binder is removed.
- the pore volume is determined by low-pressure mercury/helium pycnometry in accordance with DIN 66133. Any binder that is still present is removed in a stream of air at 300°C. For the measurement, 1.0 to 2.2 g of the sample are weighed out. The measurement is carried out for pores in the range from 3.6 nm to 300 pm. Approx. 80 points are recorded. The surface tension is 0.485 N/m and the contact angle is 140°.
- the abrasion is determined according to the method described in EP 3 056482 A1 in paragraph [0055] (referred to there as “attrition resistance”). The measurement is carried out with the sample still containing binder.
- Hollow cylindrical geometric shaped carrier bodies with a length of 3 to 8 mm, an external diameter of 4 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm were preferably used as the geometric shaped body.
- the coated catalyst preferably has an active composition fraction of from 5 to 50% by weight, based on the total composition.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide contains, for example, the elements Mo, V and optionally W or the elements Mo, Bi and optionally Fe.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide preferably contains the elements Mo, W, V, Cu and optionally Sb, the ratio of the elements corresponding to general formula (I).
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary particle size distribution of the powder P.
- FIG. 2 shows a particle size distribution of finely divided MoOs.
- FIG. 3 shows an X-ray of the coated catalyst with 25% by weight of active composition from Example 7 (not according to the invention).
- FIG. 4 shows an X-ray of the coated catalyst with 25% by weight of active composition from example 8 (according to the invention).
- FIG. 5 shows an X-ray of the coated catalyst with 20% by weight of active composition from Example 9 (not according to the invention).
- FIG. 6 shows an X-ray photograph of the coated catalyst with 20% by weight of active composition from example 10 (according to the invention).
- FIG. 7 shows an X-ray photograph of the coated catalyst with an active material fraction of 15% by weight from Example 11 (not according to the invention).
- FIG. 8 shows an X-ray photograph of the coated catalyst with an active composition fraction of 15% by weight from Example 12 (according to the invention).
- a comparison of the X-rays shows significantly thicker layers of active material with the same proportion of active material, due to the more porous structure of the coated catalysts of the invention.
- a process for producing an coated catalyst comprising coating the outer surface of a geometric shaped support body with a) one or more catalytically active multi-element oxides and one or more liquid binders, the binder(s) being removed later, or b) one or more powders P and one or more liquid binders, the powder or powders P being converted into one or more catalytically active multi-element oxides by thermal treatment after coating, characterized in that the coating is carried out in a horizontal mixer and the Froude number during the coating in the horizontal mixer is from 0.0040 to 0.1200.
- liquid binder is water, an organic solvent, a solution of an organic substance in water, a solution of an organic substance in an organic solvent and / or a solution of an organic substance in an aqueous solution of an organic solvent.
- liquid binder is a solution consisting of 20 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 80% by weight of an organic compound.
- liquid binder consists of 20 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 80% by weight of glycerol.
- liquid binder consists of 50 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 50% by weight of glycerol.
- liquid binder consists of 70 to 80% by weight of water and 20 to 30% by weight of glycerol.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide or the powder P contains the elements Mo, V and optionally W or the elements Mo, Bi and optionally Fe.
- Coated catalyst consisting of a geometric shaped support body and one or more applied to the outer surface of the geometric shaped support body catalytically active multi-element oxides, obtainable by a process of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the pore volume and the proportion of active material the condition
- PV/AM 055 > 0.140, where PV is the pore volume in ml/g and AM is the proportion of active material in wt. % and the pore volume is determined after the binder has been removed, and the abrasion is less than 5.5 wt and the abrasion is determined before the binder is removed.
- PV/AM 055 > 0.145, where PV is the pore volume in ml/g and AM is the proportion of active composition in wt.
- PV/AM 055 > 0.150, where PV is the pore volume in ml/g and AM is the proportion of active material in wt.
- PV/AM 055 > 0.145, where PV is the pore volume in ml/g and AM is the proportion of active composition in wt. 41.
- the catalytically active multi-element oxide contains at least one of the elements Ta, Cr, Ce, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Nb, Bi, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Si, Al, Ti or Zr
- a process for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas-phase oxidation over a fixed catalyst bed characterized in that the fixed catalyst bed comprises a coated catalyst according to one of embodiments 47 to 67.
- a first solution was prepared in a 1.75 m 3 stainless steel container with a jacket and paddle stirrer. For this purpose, 274 l of water at 25° C. were initially taken and stirred at 70 ⁇ l. 16.4 kg of copper(II) acetate hydrate (content: 32.0% by weight Cu) were added at a metering rate of 50 kg/h. The first solution was stirred for an additional 30 minutes.
- a second solution was prepared spatially separate from this in a 1.75 m 3 stainless steel container with a jacket and paddle stirrer. 614 liters of water were initially taken and heated to 40° C. at 70 rpm. 73 kg of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (81.5% by weight of MoOs) were stirred in at 40° C. at a metering rate of 300 kg/h. The mixture was then heated to 90° C. within 30 minutes while stirring. 12.1 kg of ammonium metavanadate (77.6% by weight of V2O5) were stirred in at 90° C. at a metering rate of 150 kg/h. It was stirred for 40 minutes. 10.7 kg of ammonium paratungstate theptahydrate (89.6% by weight WO3) were then stirred in at 90° C. at a metering rate of 50 kg/h. It was stirred for 30 minutes.
- the second solution was cooled to 80°C and then the first solution was stirred into the second solution.
- 133 l of a 25% strength by weight aqueous NH3 solution which had a temperature of 25° C. were added to the mixture obtained.
- a clear solution was formed with stirring, which briefly had a temperature of 65° C. and a pH of 8.5.
- the contents of the stainless steel container were transferred to a further 1.75 m 3 stainless steel container with a jacket and paddle stirrer. It was stirred at 40 rpm and heated to 80°C.
- the pH was kept at 8.5 by automatically metering in a 25% strength by weight aqueous NH 3 solution.
- the solution obtained was introduced into a spray tower of the type FS 15 (GEA Niro, Soeborg, Denmark) using a rotary atomizer at 15,000 rpm.
- the drying was carried out in a stream of hot air at an inlet temperature of 350 ⁇ 5°C.
- the pressure in the spray tower was 1 mbar and the gas volume flow of combustion air was 2,300 Nm 3 /h.
- the solution was metered in such a way that the exit temperature was 110 ⁇ 5°C.
- the particle size distribution of the spray powder obtained is shown in FIG. 3 of DE 10 2007 010 422 A1.
- 75 kg of the resulting spray powder were metered into a VM 160 kneader with Sigma blades (Aachen mixing and kneading machines Fabrik Peter kupper GmbH & Co. KG, Würselen, Germany) and, with the addition of 6.5 l acetic acid (approx. 100 wt. % strength, glacial acetic acid) and 5.2 l of water (rotational speed of the screw: 15 rpm). After a kneading time of 4 to 5 minutes, a further 6.5 l of water were added and the kneading process continued until 30 minutes had elapsed (kneading temperature approx. 40 to 50° C.).
- the power consumption of the kneader was monitored during kneading. When the power consumption increased above 25%, 1L water was added as needed.
- the kneaded material was then emptied into an extruder of the type: G 103-35 10/07 A-572K (6" extruder W Packer; The Bonnot Company, Akron, USA/Ohio) and using the extruder to form strands (length: 1 to 10 cm; diameter 6 mm).
- the strands were dried on a three-zone belt dryer at a belt speed of 10 cm per minute and for a residence time of 64 minutes.
- the gas temperatures were 90 to 95° C. (zone 1), approx. 115° C. (zone 2) and about 125° C. (zone 3)
- the dried strands formed the precursor mass to be thermally treated.
- Nm 3 /h composed of base load nitrogen (20) and gases released in the rotary kiln, 25 Nm 3 /h sealing gas nitrogen (11), 30 Nm 3 /h air (splitter (21)) and 70 Nm 3 /h recirculated cycle gas ( 19).
- the sealing gas nitrogen was supplied at a temperature of 25°C.
- the mixture of the other gas streams was fed into the rotary kiln at the same temperature as the material in the rotary kiln:
- the material temperature was heated from 25°C essentially linearly to 300°C, then the material temperature was essentially linearly heated to 360°C within 2 hours, then the material temperature was essentially linearly increased within 7 hours 350°C, then the material temperature was increased essentially linearly to 420°C within 2 hours and this material temperature was maintained for 30 minutes;
- the oxygen content of the gas atmosphere at the outlet of the rotary kiln was 2.9% by volume in all phases of the thermal treatment.
- the catalytically active composition obtained was ground to a finely divided powder using a BQ 500 biplex cross-flow classifier mill (Hosokawa-Alpine AG, Augsburg, Germany). 24 long knives were installed in the grinding tracks. The mill speed was 2500 rpm. The fan throttle was fully open. The dosage was set at 2.5 rpm. The exhaust air volume flow was 1300 m 3 /h, the differential pressure 10 to 20 mbar.
- the particle size distribution of the above ground catalytically active material is shown in FIG. 1 (the measurement was carried out analogously to the example in US Pat. No. 9,238,217).
- the ground catalytically active material was analogous to Example 2 of US 8,318,631 with
- ring-shaped carrier bodies (7 mm outer diameter, 3 mm length, 4 mm inner diameter, 45 ⁇ m surface roughness R z , approx. 1 vol. % total pore volume based on the volume of the carrier body; see DE 21 35 620 A1) from Steatite C220 type (CeramTec GmbH, Plochingen, Germany) in a horizontal mixer of the Hi-Coater type (Gebrüder Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn, Germany) with a drum diameter of 1000 mm and an internal volume of approx. 600 l. The horizontal mixer was then rotated at 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts C1 removed from the convection oven had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 22.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.046 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 0.10% by weight .
- reaction tube stainless steel (material 1.4541); 30 mm outer diameter; 2 mm wall thickness; 26 mm inner diameter; 464 cm length
- Section 2 60 cm length
- Section 3 100 cm length Fixed catalyst bed of a homogeneous mixture consisting of 20% by weight of steatite rings with a geometry of 7 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 4 mm (external diameter ⁇ length ⁇ internal diameter; steatite C 220) and 80% by weight of the coated catalyst;
- Section 4 200 cm length
- Section 5 10 cm length
- Section 6 11.5 cm length
- Catalyst chair made of stainless steel (material 1.4541) to accommodate the fixed catalyst bed.
- reaction gas mixture having the following contents was passed through the respective reaction tube charged as described above, flowing from top to bottom through the reaction tube:
- the feed temperature of the reaction gas mixture (at the entrance to the reaction tube) was 210° C. and the loading of the fixed catalyst bed (as defined in DE 199 27 624 A1) with acrolein was 100 l (STP)/lh.
- the length of the reaction tube (apart from the last 10 cm of the empty tube in section 1 and the last 3 cm of the tube in section 6) was in each case surrounded by a stirred salt bath which was electrically heated from the outside (mixture of 53% by weight potassium nitrate, 40 Wt.
- the salt bath temperature TB at which the salt bath was fed in was adjusted in all cases so that an acrolein conversion of 99.3 mol %, based on the simple passage of the reaction gas mixture through the fixed catalyst bed, resulted.
- the salt bath temperature did not change along the reaction tube as a result of additional heating (more heat was radiated from the salt bath than was given off to the salt bath by the reaction tube).
- the selectivity of the CO x formation (total combustion) is calculated analogously, taking into account the stoichiometric factor 3.
- An active composition (leading catalyst) that leads to the same conversion under otherwise unchanged reaction conditions at a lower temperature has a higher activity.
- Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 10 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE1 had an active composition fraction of 22.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.053 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 0.17% by weight.
- Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 7 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE2 had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 22.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.062 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 1.05% by weight.
- Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 4 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE3 had an active composition fraction of 22.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.065 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 4.75% by weight.
- Example 5
- Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 3 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE4 had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 22.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.078 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 4.43% by weight.
- Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1.
- the horizontal mixer rotated at 2 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE5 had an active composition fraction of 22.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.086 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 7.37% by weight.
- a multi-element oxide composition with the stoichiometry Mo12V3W1.2Cu1.2Ox was produced.
- the amount of copper(II) acetate hydrate used to make the first solution was reduced from 16.4 kg to 8.2 kg.
- the particle size distribution of the spray powder obtained is shown in FIG. 2 of WO 2011/134932 A1. No MoOs was admixed.
- the oxygen content of the gas atmosphere at the outlet of the rotary kiln was less than 2.0% by volume instead of 2.9% by volume in all phases of the thermal treatment.
- the hollow-cylindrical supports used for coating had an outside diameter of 6 mm, a length of 6 mm and an inside diameter of 4 mm.
- To coat the carrier body 4.5 liters of a solution of 75% by weight water and 25% by weight glycerol and 22.3 kg of the ground, finely divided powder were metered in continuously over the course of 50 minutes.
- the annular coated catalysts C2 had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 25.0% by weight, a pore volume of 0.061 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 0.29% by weight.
- Example 7 The procedure was as in Example 7. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 7 rpm instead of 16 rpm. Based on their total mass, the annular coated catalysts WE6 had an active composition fraction of 25.7% by weight, a pore volume of 0.078 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 2.06% by weight.
- the annular coated catalysts C3 had, based on their total mass, an oxidic coating fraction of 19.9% by weight, a pore volume of 0.051 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 0.24% by weight.
- Example 9 The procedure was as in Example 9. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 7 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE7 had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 20.2% by weight, a pore volume of 0.067 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 1.56% by weight.
- Example 7 Analogously to Example 7, a multi-element oxide composition with the stoichiometry Moi2V3Wi.2Cui.2Ox was produced.
- the annular coated catalysts C4 had an active composition fraction of 15.3% by weight, a pore volume of 0.046 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 0.19% by weight.
- the horizontal mixer rotated at 7 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE8 had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 15.4% by weight, a pore volume of 0.054 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 1.66% by weight.
- Example 7 Analogously to Example 7, a multi-element oxide composition with the stoichiometry Mo12V3W1.2Cu1.2Ox was produced.
- the annular coated catalysts C5 had an active composition fraction of 10.4% by weight, a pore volume of 0.038 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 0.50% by weight.
- Example 13 The procedure was as in Example 13. For coating, the horizontal mixer rotated at 7 rpm instead of 16 rpm.
- the annular coated catalysts WE9 had, based on their total mass, an active composition fraction of 10.2% by weight, a pore volume of 0.041 ml/g (measured using a mercury porosimeter) and an abrasion of 1.60% by weight.
- Table 1 Test results with Mo12V3W1.2Cu2.4Ox and MoOs on carrier body (7 mm outer diameter, 3 mm length, 4 mm inner diameter)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21791414.2A EP4237145A1 (de) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators |
JP2023526443A JP2023547494A (ja) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-20 | コア-シェル触媒を生成する方法 |
US18/032,609 US20240091756A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-20 | Method for producing a core-shell catalyst |
KR1020237017878A KR20230097109A (ko) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-20 | 코어-쉘 촉매의 제조 방법 |
CN202180073799.5A CN116490275A (zh) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-20 | 制备核壳催化剂的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20204711.4 | 2020-10-29 | ||
EP20204711 | 2020-10-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022090019A1 true WO2022090019A1 (de) | 2022-05-05 |
Family
ID=73138611
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/079056 WO2022090019A1 (de) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240091756A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4237145A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2023547494A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230097109A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116490275A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022090019A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024120861A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-13 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines die elemente mo, w, v, cu und sb enthaltenden katalytisch aktiven multielementoxids |
Citations (54)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3147084A (en) | 1962-03-08 | 1964-09-01 | Shell Oil Co | Tubular catalytic reactor with cooler |
DE2135620A1 (de) | 1971-07-16 | 1973-01-25 | Basf Ag | Katalysatortraeger |
DE2201428A1 (de) | 1972-01-13 | 1973-07-19 | Hassler & Sommer | Verfahren zur herstellung von behaelterverschlusskappen und durch dieses verfahren hergestellte verschlusskappen |
DE2513405A1 (de) | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsaeure durch oxidation von propylen mit sauerstoff enthaltenden gasen in zwei getrennten katalysatorstufen, die in einem roehrenreaktor hintereinander angeordnet sind |
DE2830765A1 (de) | 1977-07-13 | 1980-01-31 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Verfahren zur katalytischen dampfphasenoxidation mit entsprechendem reaktor |
DE2909671A1 (de) | 1979-03-12 | 1980-10-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von schalenkatalysatoren |
JPS5896041A (ja) | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-07 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | メタクリル酸の製造方法 |
EP0383224A2 (de) | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-22 | Jgc Corporation | Rohrbündelapparat mit einer Zwischenrohrplatte |
EP0468290A1 (de) | 1990-07-21 | 1992-01-29 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen oder iso-Buten zu Acrolein oder Methacrolein |
WO1995011081A1 (de) | 1993-10-21 | 1995-04-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KATALYTISCH AKTIVEN MULTIMETALLOXIDMASSEN, DIE ALS GRUNDBESTANDTEILE DIE ELEMENTE V UND Mo IN OXIDISCHER FORM ENTHALTEN |
EP0700174A1 (de) | 1994-08-29 | 1996-03-06 | AT&T Corp. | Schnurloses lokales Funkverbindungsfernmeldegerät |
EP0700893A1 (de) | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
EP0714700A2 (de) | 1994-11-29 | 1996-06-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators, bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
DE19910506A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE19910508A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
DE19927624A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE19948241A1 (de) | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE19948523A1 (de) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE19952964A1 (de) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation zu (Meth)Acrolein und/oder (Meth)Acrylsäure |
DE10051419A1 (de) | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-18 | Basf Ag | Katalysator bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
EP1322585A2 (de) | 2000-09-21 | 2003-07-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung eines multimetalloxid-katalysators, verfahren zur herstellung ungesättigter aldehyde und/oder carbonsäuren und bandcalziniervorrichtung |
DE10360058A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-07-08 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von katalytisch aktiven Multielementoxidmassen, die wenigstens eines der Elemente Nb und W sowie die Elemente Mo, V und Cu enthalten |
DE10360057A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-07-29 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung der Vorläufermasse einer katalytischen Aktivmasse |
WO2004085368A2 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085365A2 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085369A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085367A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085370A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure |
WO2004108267A1 (de) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung einer katalytischen aktivmasse |
WO2004108284A1 (de) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von katalytisch aktiven multielementoxidmassen, die wenigstens eines der elemente nb und w sowie elemente mo, v und cu enthalten, mittels thermischer behandlung in sauerstoffarmer atmosphäre |
WO2005016861A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von (meth)acrolein und/oder (meth)acrylsäure |
WO2005042459A1 (de) | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-12 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2005047226A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure |
DE10350822A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenpartialoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
DE10361456A1 (de) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrolein und/oder (Meth)acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von C3 und/oder C4-Vorläuferverbindungen |
DE102005010645A1 (de) * | 2005-03-08 | 2005-08-04 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Reaktors |
DE102004017150A1 (de) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrolein und/oder (Meth)acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von C3- und/oder C4-Vorläuferverbindungen in einem Reaktor mit Thermoblechplattenmodulen |
WO2005120702A1 (de) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung einer multimetalloxidmasse |
DE60204924T2 (de) | 2001-07-20 | 2006-04-20 | Lg Electronics Inc. | System und Verfahren zur Steuerung von Heimgeräten |
WO2006094766A1 (de) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum befüllen eines reaktors |
WO2006114428A1 (de) | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der rektifikativen auftrennung einer acrylsäure und/oder methacrylsäure enthaltenden flüssigkeit |
WO2007082827A1 (de) | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation einer organischen ausgangsverbindung |
JP2007260588A (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | メタクリル酸製造用触媒の製造方法及びメタクリル酸の製造方法。 |
DE102007019597A1 (de) | 2007-04-24 | 2008-05-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der Inbetriebnahme einer heterogen katalysierten partiellen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure oder von Methacrolein zu Methacrylsäure |
DE102007010422A1 (de) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Masse |
DE102008040093A1 (de) | 2008-07-02 | 2008-12-18 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines ringähnlichen oxidischen Formkörpers |
DE102008040094A1 (de) | 2008-07-02 | 2009-01-29 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines oxidischen geometrischen Formkörpers |
US7589046B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2009-09-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal treatment of the precursor material of a catalytically active material |
DE102008054586A1 (de) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von geometrischen Katalysatorformkörpern K |
WO2011134932A1 (de) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Basf Se | SCHALENKATALYSATOR BESTEHEND AUS EINEM HOHLZYLINDRISCHEN TRÄGERKÖRPER UND EINER AUF DIE ÄUßERE OBERFLÄCHE DES TRÄGERKÖRPERS AUFGEBRACHTEN KATALYTISCH AKTIVEN OXIDMASSE |
US20140221683A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-07 | Basf Se | Process for producing a catalytically active composition being a mixture of a multielement oxide comprising the elements mo and v and at least one oxide of molybdenum |
DE102014203725A1 (de) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Basf Se | Oxidationskatalysator mit sattelförmigem Trägerformkörper |
US9238217B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2016-01-19 | Basf Se | Catalyst for preparation of an unsaturated carboxylic acid by gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated aldehyde |
EP3056482A1 (de) | 2013-10-10 | 2016-08-17 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur herstellung einer ungesättigten carbonsäure und geträgerter katalysator |
-
2021
- 2021-10-20 CN CN202180073799.5A patent/CN116490275A/zh active Pending
- 2021-10-20 EP EP21791414.2A patent/EP4237145A1/de active Pending
- 2021-10-20 US US18/032,609 patent/US20240091756A1/en active Pending
- 2021-10-20 JP JP2023526443A patent/JP2023547494A/ja active Pending
- 2021-10-20 KR KR1020237017878A patent/KR20230097109A/ko unknown
- 2021-10-20 WO PCT/EP2021/079056 patent/WO2022090019A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3147084A (en) | 1962-03-08 | 1964-09-01 | Shell Oil Co | Tubular catalytic reactor with cooler |
DE2135620A1 (de) | 1971-07-16 | 1973-01-25 | Basf Ag | Katalysatortraeger |
DE2201428A1 (de) | 1972-01-13 | 1973-07-19 | Hassler & Sommer | Verfahren zur herstellung von behaelterverschlusskappen und durch dieses verfahren hergestellte verschlusskappen |
DE2513405A1 (de) | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsaeure durch oxidation von propylen mit sauerstoff enthaltenden gasen in zwei getrennten katalysatorstufen, die in einem roehrenreaktor hintereinander angeordnet sind |
DE2830765A1 (de) | 1977-07-13 | 1980-01-31 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Verfahren zur katalytischen dampfphasenoxidation mit entsprechendem reaktor |
DE2909671A1 (de) | 1979-03-12 | 1980-10-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von schalenkatalysatoren |
JPS5896041A (ja) | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-07 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | メタクリル酸の製造方法 |
EP0383224A2 (de) | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-22 | Jgc Corporation | Rohrbündelapparat mit einer Zwischenrohrplatte |
EP0468290A1 (de) | 1990-07-21 | 1992-01-29 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen oder iso-Buten zu Acrolein oder Methacrolein |
WO1995011081A1 (de) | 1993-10-21 | 1995-04-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KATALYTISCH AKTIVEN MULTIMETALLOXIDMASSEN, DIE ALS GRUNDBESTANDTEILE DIE ELEMENTE V UND Mo IN OXIDISCHER FORM ENTHALTEN |
EP0724481A1 (de) | 1993-10-21 | 1996-08-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KATALYTISCH AKTIVEN MULTIMETALLOXIDMASSEN, DIE ALS GRUNDBESTANDTEILE DIE ELEMENTE V UND Mo IN OXIDISCHER FORM ENTHALTEN |
EP0700174A1 (de) | 1994-08-29 | 1996-03-06 | AT&T Corp. | Schnurloses lokales Funkverbindungsfernmeldegerät |
EP0700893A1 (de) | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
EP0714700A2 (de) | 1994-11-29 | 1996-06-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators, bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
DE19910506A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE19910508A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
DE19927624A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE19948241A1 (de) | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE19948523A1 (de) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE19952964A1 (de) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation zu (Meth)Acrolein und/oder (Meth)Acrylsäure |
EP1322585A2 (de) | 2000-09-21 | 2003-07-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung eines multimetalloxid-katalysators, verfahren zur herstellung ungesättigter aldehyde und/oder carbonsäuren und bandcalziniervorrichtung |
DE10051419A1 (de) | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-18 | Basf Ag | Katalysator bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
DE60204924T2 (de) | 2001-07-20 | 2006-04-20 | Lg Electronics Inc. | System und Verfahren zur Steuerung von Heimgeräten |
WO2004085368A2 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085365A2 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085369A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085367A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
WO2004085370A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure |
WO2004108284A1 (de) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von katalytisch aktiven multielementoxidmassen, die wenigstens eines der elemente nb und w sowie elemente mo, v und cu enthalten, mittels thermischer behandlung in sauerstoffarmer atmosphäre |
US7589046B2 (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2009-09-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Thermal treatment of the precursor material of a catalytically active material |
EP1633467A1 (de) | 2003-06-04 | 2006-03-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung einer katalytischen aktivmasse |
WO2004108267A1 (de) | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-16 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung einer katalytischen aktivmasse |
WO2005016861A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von (meth)acrolein und/oder (meth)acrylsäure |
WO2005047226A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure |
DE10350822A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenpartialoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
WO2005042459A1 (de) | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-12 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure |
DE10360058A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-07-08 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von katalytisch aktiven Multielementoxidmassen, die wenigstens eines der Elemente Nb und W sowie die Elemente Mo, V und Cu enthalten |
DE10360057A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-07-29 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung der Vorläufermasse einer katalytischen Aktivmasse |
DE10361456A1 (de) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrolein und/oder (Meth)acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von C3 und/oder C4-Vorläuferverbindungen |
DE102004017150A1 (de) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrolein und/oder (Meth)acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von C3- und/oder C4-Vorläuferverbindungen in einem Reaktor mit Thermoblechplattenmodulen |
WO2005120702A1 (de) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung einer multimetalloxidmasse |
DE102005010645A1 (de) * | 2005-03-08 | 2005-08-04 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Reaktors |
WO2006094766A1 (de) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum befüllen eines reaktors |
WO2006114428A1 (de) | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren der rektifikativen auftrennung einer acrylsäure und/oder methacrylsäure enthaltenden flüssigkeit |
WO2007082827A1 (de) | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten partiellen gasphasenoxidation einer organischen ausgangsverbindung |
JP2007260588A (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | メタクリル酸製造用触媒の製造方法及びメタクリル酸の製造方法。 |
DE102007010422A1 (de) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Masse |
WO2008104577A1 (de) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators bestehend aus einem trägerkörper und einer auf der oberfläche des trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven masse |
US8318631B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2012-11-27 | Basf Se | Process for preparing a catalyst consisting of a support body and a catalytically active composition applied on the surface of the support body |
DE102007019597A1 (de) | 2007-04-24 | 2008-05-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der Inbetriebnahme einer heterogen katalysierten partiellen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure oder von Methacrolein zu Methacrylsäure |
DE102008040093A1 (de) | 2008-07-02 | 2008-12-18 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines ringähnlichen oxidischen Formkörpers |
DE102008040094A1 (de) | 2008-07-02 | 2009-01-29 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines oxidischen geometrischen Formkörpers |
DE102008054586A1 (de) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von geometrischen Katalysatorformkörpern K |
WO2011134932A1 (de) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Basf Se | SCHALENKATALYSATOR BESTEHEND AUS EINEM HOHLZYLINDRISCHEN TRÄGERKÖRPER UND EINER AUF DIE ÄUßERE OBERFLÄCHE DES TRÄGERKÖRPERS AUFGEBRACHTEN KATALYTISCH AKTIVEN OXIDMASSE |
US20110275856A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-10 | Basf Se | Eggshell catalyst consisting of a hollow cylindrical support body and a catalytically active oxide material applied to the outer surface of the support body |
US20140221683A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-07 | Basf Se | Process for producing a catalytically active composition being a mixture of a multielement oxide comprising the elements mo and v and at least one oxide of molybdenum |
US9238217B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2016-01-19 | Basf Se | Catalyst for preparation of an unsaturated carboxylic acid by gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated aldehyde |
EP3056482A1 (de) | 2013-10-10 | 2016-08-17 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur herstellung einer ungesättigten carbonsäure und geträgerter katalysator |
DE102014203725A1 (de) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Basf Se | Oxidationskatalysator mit sattelförmigem Trägerformkörper |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 60, no. 2, 1938, pages 309 - 319 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024120861A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-13 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines die elemente mo, w, v, cu und sb enthaltenden katalytisch aktiven multielementoxids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4237145A1 (de) | 2023-09-06 |
JP2023547494A (ja) | 2023-11-10 |
CN116490275A (zh) | 2023-07-25 |
KR20230097109A (ko) | 2023-06-30 |
US20240091756A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1159246B1 (de) | Verfahren der katalytischen gasphasenoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure | |
EP1159248B1 (de) | Verfahren der katalytischen gasphasenoxidation von propen zu acrylsäure | |
EP0714700B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators, bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse | |
EP1387823B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte partialoxidation von propan | |
DE60036077T2 (de) | Katalysatorherstellung und verwendung für die acrylsäureherstellung | |
EP3046668B1 (de) | Katalysator zur herstellung einer ungesättigten carbonsäure durch gasphasenoxidation eines ungesättigten aldehyds | |
WO2009124945A2 (de) | Schalenkatalysatoren enthaltend ein molybdän, bismut und eisen enthaltendes multimetalloxid | |
DE10051419A1 (de) | Katalysator bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse | |
WO2013167405A1 (de) | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von (meth)acrolein zu (meth)acrylsäure | |
EP2953720B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer katalytisch aktiven masse, die ein gemisch aus einem die elemente mo und v enthaltenden multielementoxid und wenigstens einem oxid des molybdäns ist | |
DE19948523A1 (de) | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure | |
WO2005113127A1 (de) | Verfahren zum langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation wenigstens einer organischen verbindung | |
DE102005010645A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Befüllen eines Reaktors | |
DE10118814A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Gasphasenoxidation von Propen mit molekularem Sauerstoff in einer Reaktionszone | |
DE10063162A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Mo, Bi, Fe sowie Ni und/oder Co enthaltenden Multimetalloxidativmasse | |
EP1633467B1 (de) | Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung einer katalytischen aktivmasse | |
EP3110547A1 (de) | Oxidationskatalysator mit sattelfoermigem traegerformkoerper | |
DE102010028328A1 (de) | Schalenkatalysator bestehend aus einem hohlzylindrischen Trägerkörper und einer auf die äußere Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse | |
DE10360057A1 (de) | Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung der Vorläufermasse einer katalytischen Aktivmasse | |
DE102018200841A1 (de) | Mo, Bi, Fe und Cu enthaltende Multimetalloxidmassen | |
EP4237145A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators | |
DE102004021764A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Gasphasenpartialoxidation wenigstens einer C3-Kohlenwasserstoffvorläuferverbindung | |
DE10325487A1 (de) | Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung der Vorläufermasse einer katalytischen Aktivmasse | |
WO2021213823A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines die elemente mo, w, v und cu enthaltenden katalytisch aktiven multielementoxids | |
JP3690939B2 (ja) | メタクリル酸合成用触媒およびメタクリル酸の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21791414 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18032609 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202180073799.5 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023526443 Country of ref document: JP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112023007827 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20237017878 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021791414 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230530 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112023007827 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20230425 |