WO2022071576A1 - 新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療のための抗ウイルス剤 - Google Patents
新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療のための抗ウイルス剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022071576A1 WO2022071576A1 PCT/JP2021/036413 JP2021036413W WO2022071576A1 WO 2022071576 A1 WO2022071576 A1 WO 2022071576A1 JP 2021036413 W JP2021036413 W JP 2021036413W WO 2022071576 A1 WO2022071576 A1 WO 2022071576A1
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- extract
- ephedra
- ephedrine
- condensed tannin
- alkaloid
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/13—Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/17—Gnetophyta, e.g. Ephedraceae (Mormon-tea family)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
- A23V2200/324—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having an effect on the immune system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention contains a new type of corona as an active ingredient of Ephedra extract, Ephedra alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract: EFE, which is obtained by removing ephedrine alkaloids from Ephedra extract, and / or Ephedra-derived polymer-condensed tannin.
- EFE Ephedra alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract
- the present invention relates to an antiviral agent characterized by being used for the prevention or treatment of a viral infection.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Guideline for the treatment of new coronavirus infectious diseases, Edition 5.3, August 29, 2021 / Daily Pharmaceutical Industry, September 2021) May 27.
- the antibody drugs Ronapreve and Zebudy they are therapeutic agents for patients with moderate or higher illness.
- Ronapreve and Zebudy are intravenous drip infusions, there are restrictions on the medical institutions that can be treated, and the drug price is said to be 100,000 yen or more, and it is difficult to increase production due to antibodies. Therefore, there is a demand for an oral therapeutic drug that can be safely and inexpensively administered to mildly ill persons undergoing home medical treatment.
- crude drugs are used as traditional medicines such as Chinese herbal medicines. Crude drugs are cultivated in alleys or harvested and dried. Therefore, even if the species is the same, the component content may fluctuate due to the influence of uncertain factors such as the collection season and the weather. Although it is possible to empirically use crude drugs and herbal medicines that have antiviral activity, the titer of the collected lot is uncertain, so it is appropriate to provide it as a drug advocating efficacy and effect. Tests must be performed to ensure compliance with the appropriate standards.
- Ephedra is a drug listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and it has been believed that its efficacy is almost entirely due to ephedrine alkaloids.
- the inventors have found a useful medicinal effect of ephedrine alkaloid that does not depend on ephedrine alkaloid, and by selectively removing ephedrine alkaloid, which is a causative agent of side effects, the ephedrine extract can be provided as a highly safe drug.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 5
- Patent Document 2 Non-Patent Document 6
- Ephedra extract As described above, Ephedra extract, ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract, and Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin have been shown to have some medicinal properties, but no antiviral effect against the new coronavirus has been reported. In addition, it was unclear from the findings so far whether it showed anti-coronavirus activity or even those skilled in the art.
- the hemp yellow extract, the ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract, and the hemp yellow-derived polymer condensed tannin have anti-coronavirus activity, they can be used for the prevention or treatment of new coronavirus infections. It can be provided as an anti-coronavirus agent characterized by this.
- Ephedra extract and ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract but also Ephedra-containing Chinese herbal medicines that are empirically used for the treatment of new coronavirus infections. It can be provided as a drug that guarantees the antiviral effect of Ephedra, which is used as a constituent crude drug.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an antiviral agent characterized by being used for the prevention or treatment of a new type coronavirus infection (COVID-19).
- the present invention requires verification of the anti-coronavirus action of existing drugs and drug candidate compositions by evaluation experiments at the molecular level and cell level based on the infection mechanism of coronavirus.
- compositions that can be used for the prevention or treatment of new coronavirus infections the present inventors have described the new coronavirus with respect to the hemp yellow extract, the ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract, and the hemp yellow-derived polymer-condensed tannin.
- the present invention has been completed by finding a method for ensuring effectiveness by a technique for separating by chromatography.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (11) as typical embodiments.
- An antiviral agent containing a polymer condensed tannin derived from hemp yellow as an active ingredient and used for the prevention or treatment of a new type of coronavirus infection.
- the above-mentioned antiviral agent in the form of a pharmaceutical product or a Chinese medicine product.
- the antiviral agent according to (2) or (3) which is in the form of food.
- Methods for the prevention of new coronavirus infections including oral ingestion of foods and drinks containing ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract or ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannins (preferably excluding medical practice). ..
- a method for preventing or treating a new type of coronavirus infection which comprises administering to a drug containing ephedra extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract or ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin as an active ingredient.
- ephedra extract ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract (EFE)
- polymer condensed tannin can be provided as an anti-new coronavirus agent.
- the main component of the anti-new coronavirus action was polymer condensed tannin with a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, and a quantification method by gel permeation chromatography was established to ensure the effectiveness as an antiviral agent.
- the therapeutic agents other than EFE are RNA polymerase inhibitors and main protease inhibitors, and there is no oral therapeutic agent with the same mechanism of action as EFE.
- EFE binds to the SARS-CoV2 peplomer and blocks its binding to host cells by the same mechanism of action as Ronapreve and Zebudy. Even if the oral therapeutic agents in the above table are commercialized before EFE, they can be used in combination with EFE because of their different mechanisms of action. In addition, safety is of the utmost importance for oral therapeutic agents because they are taken by patients at home, but EFE is highly safe because it removes side effect components.
- EFE can be supplied at a lower cost than Ronapreve and Zebudy, and the mechanism of action of EFE suggests that it can be administered prophylactically to healthcare workers, close contacts, and those who cannot be vaccinated. Recently, it has become clear that EFE is also effective against SARS-CoV-2 mutants. As shown in the examples, EFE inhibits infection of various mutants of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is possible to respond to the threat of newly emerging mutations.
- the active component of FEF is considered to be a mixture of polymer condensed tannins (mao-derived polymer condensed tannins), and has various structures and various molecular weights.
- the inventors are not bound by theory, but such diverse structures and diverse molecular weights of Ephedra extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract (EFE) or Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannins. We believe that it may be the reason for various medicinal effects (use as anti-cancer / anti-metalytic drug, pain suppressant, anti-influenza virus drug).
- EFE ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract
- the structural differences between the influenza virus and the new coronavirus are greater than the mutations in the new coronavirus, but given that both viruses can be inhibited, EFE and mao-derived polymer-condensed tannins will emerge in the future. It is expected that it will be able to respond widely to mutations in the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).
- the anti-new coronavirus agent which is a medical or general-purpose drug containing hemp yellow extract, ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract, and / or hemp yellow-derived polymer-condensed tannin as an active ingredient, is used for new coronavirus infections.
- a medical or general-purpose drug containing hemp yellow extract, ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract, and / or hemp yellow-derived polymer-condensed tannin as an active ingredient is used for new coronavirus infections.
- it is possible to suppress the aggravation of mildly ill patients in the early stage of infection during medical treatment at home or accommodation facilities without the need for hospitalization management.
- the anti-new coronavirus agent can be provided as an over-the-counter drug, medical professionals and close contacts can perform early preventive treatment by self-medication. Furthermore, since ephedrine alkaloid-removed mahuang extract and mahuang-derived polymer condensed tannin do not contain ephedrine alkaloid, which is a side effect component, they can be used as foods in terms of food category, thus preventing new coronavirus infections. It can also be provided as a food with health claims that is expected.
- the behavior of the control condition (black circle) and the ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract addition condition (triangle) is shown for the N1 RNA copy number of the new coronavirus in VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells.
- X-axis elapsed time after virus inoculation
- y-axis SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy count. It shows the infection-inhibiting effect of ephedrine alkaloid-removing Ephedra extract on the new coronavirus mutant strain.
- the present invention uses a mahuang extract, an ephedrine alkaloid-free hemp yellow extract, and a hemp yellow-derived polymer condensed tannin as an antiviral agent for the prevention or treatment of a new type of coronavirus infection, and uses these as active ingredients.
- compositions such as pharmaceuticals and foods containing.
- Ephedra extract used in the present invention uses the above-ground stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Meyer or Ephedra equisetina Bunge (Ephedraceae). Raw, dried or processed rhizomes are available.
- the extraction step of Ephedra extract can be carried out based on any of the well-known methods.
- As the extraction solvent water or hot water, hot water, an alcohol solvent, and other organic solvents such as acetone can be used.
- the alcohol solvent include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the amount of the extraction solvent is preferably 2-100 parts by weight, 4-50 parts by weight, or 8-25 parts by weight with respect to the dry weight of Ephedra.
- the extraction temperature is preferably 4-98 ° C.
- the extraction time is preferably 30 minutes-2 hours.
- the extraction method can be any method such as stirring extraction, immersion extraction, countercurrent extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and supercritical extraction.
- the extraction solvent is water and the mao extract can be a hot water extract and / or a hot water extract of mao.
- the hot water extract and / or hot water extract of hemp yellow is 2-100 parts by weight, 4-50 parts by weight, or 8-25 parts by weight, or about 10 parts by weight of hot water with respect to the dry raw material of hemp yellow. Obtained by extraction at (eg, about 95 ° C.) for 30 minutes-2 hours.
- the obtained extract, the filtrate obtained by filtering the extract, the concentrate obtained by concentrating the filtrate, and the dried product obtained by drying the concentrate are efedrin alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract or hemp yellow-derived polymer-condensed tannin. It can be used as a raw material for the production of.
- an antiviral agent characterized by being used for the prevention or treatment of a new type of coronavirus infection is used as a hemp yellow extract drug substance or a Chinese herbal medicine raw material extract, which will be described later
- a polymer condensed tannin having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 will be described later. Is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01% or more, and more preferably 0.1% or more. Ephedra extracts shown to contain 0.01% or more or 0.1% or more of such polymer condensed tannins having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 are also within the scope of the present invention.
- Ephedrine Alkaloid-Removed Ephedra Extract used in the present invention is made from ephedrine extract, ephedrine is removed by cation exchange chromatography, concentrated and dried, and then ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract. Can be obtained.
- the ephedrine alkaloid-removed mahuang extract is an ephedrine alkaloid-removed mahuang extract obtained by removing ephedrine alkaloids from the ephedrine extract, and preferably contains ephedrine alkaloid (total of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) in an amount of 0.23% or less, more preferably ephedrine alkaloid. It is contained in an amount of 0.023% or less, more preferably 0.05 ppm (detection limit) or less.
- Ephedra contains 0.7% or more of total alkaloids (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) in the dried crude drug, and this amount contains about 2.3% to 3.5% or more when converted to Ephedra extract.
- Ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract is clearly distinguished from Ephedra extract as it is calculated to be.
- Ephedra extract is obtained from "Chinese Claims-Modern Science and Chinese Physics" (Ichiro Narukawa, p162-163, Kenyukan Co., Ltd., published in 1991) and Reference Example 1. Be done.
- Ephedra extract is prepared from Ephedra of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, almost all ephedrine alkaloids contained in Ephedra are transferred to Ephedra extract.
- the yield of Ephedra extract obtained from Ephedra is 20% to 30%, the total alkaloids contained in Ephedra extract are concentrated 3.3 to 5 times.
- the value of 2.3% to 3.5% or more which is 3.3 to 5 times the total alkaloid of Ephedra specified by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, is the specified value of the total alkaloid of Ephedra extract. It is considered that the ephedrine alkaloid-removing ephedrine extract used in the present invention has an ephedrine alkaloid content of 1/10 or less of that of the ephedrine alkaloid extract, so that the possibility of side effects of the ephedrine alkaloid is extremely low.
- a filler can be selected according to the ephedrine alkaloid removal efficiency.
- ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract having an ephedrine alkaloid content of 0.23% or less, among weakly acidic cation exchange resins WK20, strongly acidic cation exchange resins SK104, SK110, SK1B, UBK530, PK216, IR120B, FPC3500, 1060H It can be selected as a column filler.
- a column filler from weak acid cation exchange resin WK20, strong acid cation exchange resin SK104, SK110, SK1B, UBK530, PK216, IR120B, and 106H Can be selected as.
- the strong acid cation exchange resin PK216 can be selected as the column filler, and the strong acid cation exchange resins SK1B and IR120B can also be selected. can.
- an antiviral agent characterized by being used for the prevention or treatment of a new type of coronavirus infection is used as an ephedrine alkaloid-removing hemp yellow extract drug substance
- a polymer-condensed tannin having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 which will be described later, is used. It is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01% or more, and more preferably 0.1% or more.
- Such ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract which has been shown to contain 0.01% or more or 0.1% or more of polymer condensed tannins having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, is also within the scope of the present invention.
- ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract a specific method for performing chromatography is one of those well known to those skilled in the art.
- the drying method can be any method such as vacuum drying, freeze drying, and spray drying. Excipients such as dextrin may be added if necessary.
- the Mao-derived polymer condensed tannin of the present invention is a polymer condensed tannin having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, which is a polymerized proanthocyanidin A type and proanthocyanidin B type. More specifically, in the polymer condensed tannin, as an extension unit, catechol type or pyrogallol type flavan-3-ols are condensed mainly with proanthocyanidin B type, and a part thereof is proanthocyanidin A type condensed tannin.
- the molecular weight is a molecular weight converted using standard polystyrene for GPC as a standard substance.
- the hemp-derived polymer-condensed tannin of the present invention is made from hemp yellow extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract, and the concentration of alcohol or acetone is concentrated by column chromatography using a mixed solvent of water and alcohol or water and acetone. It can be obtained by sequentially elution while increasing the value.
- the solvent can be distilled off from the extract fraction containing the polymer condensed tannin having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, and the dried product can be used as the drug substance.
- a hemp yellow extract or an efedrin alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract dissolved in water is sequentially distributed from a low-polarity organic solvent to a high-polarity organic solvent, and the obtained water extract is subjected to water by column chromatography.
- a mixed solvent of and an organic solvent selected from methanol, ethanol or acetone the mixture is sequentially eluted while increasing the organic solvent concentration, and the molecular weight of each obtained fraction is measured to obtain a polymer having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000.
- low-polarity organic solvents examples include hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and the like
- high-polarity organic solvents examples include n-butanol, ethanol, methanol, water and the like.
- a styrene-divinylbenzene-based synthetic adsorbent such as Diaion HP-20 or another aromatic synthetic adsorbent such as LH-20 can be used.
- a viscosity method, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), mass spectrometry, osmotic pressure method or the like can be used.
- the following chromatography is obtained by dissolving the hemp yellow extract or the ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract in water, or by sequentially distributing these extracts with ethyl acetate and water-saturated n-butanol. It is used as a starting material for.
- These extracts were sequentially eluted and fractionated in the order of H 2 O, 20% MeOH, 40% MeOH, MeOH using Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, H 2 O fraction, 20% MeOH. Obtain fractions, 40% MeOH fractions, and MeOH fractions. Of these, as a 20% MeOH fraction, a 40% MeOH fraction, and an MeOH fraction, Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannins having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 can be obtained.
- the hemp-derived polymer condensed tannin of the present invention can be prepared by using a 20% MeOH fraction, a 40% MeOH fraction, or an arbitrary combination of MeOH fractions. It is preferable that the fraction contains 10% or more of the above-mentioned polymer condensed tannin having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, and more preferably 40% or more.
- Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin of the present invention is obtained by dissolving Ephedra extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract in water, or using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to dissolve the above-mentioned water extract. After washing with 50% MeOH and then 80% MeOH, Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannins can be obtained as a 70% acetone fraction.
- Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin In the production of Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin, a specific method for performing chromatography is one of those well known to those skilled in the art. Further, a solution containing a polymer condensed tannin derived from hemp yellow obtained by chromatography, or a powder obtained by drying by any method such as vacuum drying, freeze drying, and spray drying can be used as a drug substance. .. Further, it is also possible to prepare a drug substance having improved physical properties as a powder by adding an excipient such as dextrin and then drying by the above method.
- hemp yellow extract ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract, or hemp yellow-derived polymer condensed tannin can be used as an active ingredient of an anti-new coronavirus agent.
- compositions containing hemp extract, ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp extract, or hemp-derived polymer condensed tannin as an active ingredient require such prophylaxis or treatment for the prevention or treatment of new coronavirus infections.
- the administration method of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a dosage form that can be orally administered is preferable.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be in various dosage forms.
- tablets, capsules, powders, granules, pills, liquids, emulsions, suspensions, solutions, liquor, syrups, extracts, and elixirs can be used. , Not limited to these.
- various pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be added to the formulation.
- excipients for example, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, colorants, sweeteners, flavoring agents, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, coating agents, vitamin C, antioxidants.
- Ephedra is widely used as a constituent crude drug of Chinese herbal medicine, it is possible to provide a Chinese herbal medicine containing Ephedra and a Chinese herbal medicine in which Ephedra is replaced with an ephedrine alkaloid-removing Ephedra extract as an anti-coronavirus drug.
- the ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract and ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannins of the present invention do not contain ephedrine alkaloids, which are side effects, and can be used as foods. Therefore, the ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract and the ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin of the present invention can be contained in foods. For example, by blending ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract into raw materials, various food forms can be obtained.
- the food is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- beverages such as soft drinks, carbonated drinks, nutritional drinks, fruit drinks, lactic acid drinks; candy, candy, chewable, jelly, gum, etc.
- Confectionery such as chocolate
- various forms of health foods such as granules, tablets, capsules and drinks, foods with functional claims and nutritional supplements can be mentioned.
- the food may be a food with a label (so-called health claim) indicating that it is suitable for a special purpose, but does not include food that is ingested as a medicine.
- An example of a health claim could be an indication to reduce a particular disease risk (eg, the risk of contracting a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)).
- such foods include inorganic components such as calcium, various vitamins, oligosaccharides, dietary fiber such as chitosan, and proteins such as soybean extract. , Lipids such as lecithin, sugars such as sucrose and lactose can be added.
- the present invention also includes quantifying the content of polymer condensed tannins derived from Mao, which has a specified range of molecular weight.
- polymer condensed tannins derived from Mao which has a specified range of molecular weight.
- the high-condensed tannin should be used as an index component of anti-new coronavirus action. Can be done.
- the quantification of polymer condensed tannins is performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Specific methods are exemplified by the method described in Example 7, but the method is not limited thereto.
- the amount (mg) of the polymer condensed tannin in 1 mg of the sample can be calculated from the peak areas A T and AS of the sample solution and the polymer condensed tannin standard substance solution.
- GPC analysis can be used as a test method for the acceptance test of Ephedra, which is a raw material crude drug, and the content standard of the active ingredients of various drug substances and foods.
- the liquid can be used as it is, and the solid can be used as a measurement sample by using an arbitrary solvent as a solution.
- the method for preparing the polymer condensed tannin described in the present specification that is, the extraction method, column chromatography, etc. as the pretreatment method, the substance can be quantified, and the sensitivity, accuracy, and linearity of the quantification can be achieved. In some cases, it can be improved.
- a hemp yellow extract or an ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp extract is prepared, and the obtained hemp yellow extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract is quantified as a polymer-condensed tannin having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000 and has a polymer-condensed tannin content.
- Use 0.01% or more of tannin extract or ephedrine alkaloid-free tannin extract as a drug substance for anti-new coronavirus agents.
- Non-Patent Document 5 (Oshima N, Yamashita T, Hyuga S, Hyuga M, Kamakura H, Yoshimura M, Maruyama T, Hakamatsuka T, Amakura Y, Hanawa T, Goda Y, Efficiently prepared ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract: a putative marker and antiproliferative effects. J Nat Med.
- Non-Patent Document 6 Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Hyuga S, Hyuga M, Nakamori S, Maruyama T, Oshima N, Uchiyama N, Yang J, Oka H, Ito H, Kobayashi Y, Odaguchi H, Hakamatsuka H, Hanawa T, Goda Y, Quality Evaluation and characterization of Fractions with Biological Activities in Ephedra Herb Extract and Ephedrine Alkaloids- Free Ephedra Herb Extract. Chem Pharm Bull. 2020; 68 (2): 140-149).
- Example 1 Inhibiting action of new coronavirus infection of ephedrine alkaloid-removing hemp yellow extract Does the addition of ephedrine alkaloid-removing hemp yellow extract have an inhibitory effect on the growth of new coronavirus in VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells, which are new coronavirus-sensitive cells? It was investigated.
- the concentration of ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract added was set to 50 ⁇ g / mL after confirming the highest concentration in which no toxicity of ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract was observed for VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells in advance.
- a comparative control a control group to which ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract was not added was examined at the same time.
- VeroE6TMPRSS2 cells are infected with the new coronavirus, cultured for a certain period of time, then RNA is extracted, quantified as the amount of virus RNA by the PCR method, and the number of copies is obtained from the calibration curve of the standard substance. rice field.
- VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells were suspended in 10% FBS-DMEM to 5x10 5 cells / mL, 200 ⁇ L per well was seeded in 3 48-well plates, and cultured in a CO 2 incubator for 24 hours.
- the ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract-added group was replaced with 50 ⁇ g / mL ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract-added serum-free DMEM, and the control group was replaced with serum-free DMEM and kept warm in a CO 2 incubator for 1 hour.
- a calibration curve was prepared using the N gene plasmid of the US CDC, and the number of copies of the virus was determined (Table A).
- the copy number of WK-521 at the start of the assay was reduced to 20% by the addition of ephedrine alkaloid-removing Ephedra extract, confirming that the initial stage of coronavirus infection was suppressed.
- the virus growth rate over time was also significantly suppressed by the addition of ephedrine alkaloid-removing Ephedra extract, and the number of virus copies after 24 hours was 0.17% of the number of copies of the control, which was extremely small.
- the ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract has an inhibitory effect on the viral growth in the early stage of infection and the stage of infection of the new coronavirus.
- Example 2 Infection-inhibiting effect on the new coronavirus mutant strain Among the mutant strains reported in each country since the outbreak in Wuhan in 2019, WHO is particularly concerned about the spread of infection in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil. Alpha, Beta, Gamma strains, etc. derived from are designated and monitored. Since these mutant strains have invaded Japan since 2020 and have replaced the original epidemic strain WK-521 closely related strains, VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells, which are new coronavirus-sensitive cells, were added by adding ephedrine alkaloid-removed mao extract. It was examined whether an inhibitory effect would appear on the growth of the new coronavirus mutant strain in Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Table B shows the domestic coronavirus isolates used in Examples 1 and 2.
- the concentration of ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract added was set to 50 ⁇ g / mL after confirming the highest concentration in which no toxicity of ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract was observed for VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells in advance.
- a comparative control a control group to which ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract was not added was examined at the same time.
- Infection evaluation of the new coronavirus is performed by infecting VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells with each strain, culturing for 1 hour, extracting RNA, quantifying it as the amount of virus RNA by the PCR method, and calculating the number of copies from the calibration curve of the standard substance. I asked. The titer of the infectious virus in the culture supernatant after 24 hours was determined.
- VeroE6 / TMPRSS2 cells were suspended in 10% FBS-DMEM to 2x10 4 cells / well, seeded in 96-well plates, and cultured in a CO 2 incubator for 24 hours.
- the ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract-added group was replaced with 50 ⁇ g / mL ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract-added serum-free DMEM, and the control group was replaced with serum-free DMEM and kept warm in a CO 2 incubator for 3 hours.
- a calibration curve was prepared using the N gene plasmid of the US CDC, and the number of copies of the virus was determined.
- CPE cytopathic effect
- RNA proliferation was significantly suppressed by about 2.5% compared to the group (Fig. 2: N gene copy count after 24 hours for each mutant strain).
- the average infectious virus in the culture supernatant after 24-hour culture was 4.9x10 5 TCID 50 / mL in the control group, whereas the average 1.8x10 4 TCID 50 in the ephedrine alkaloid-removed hemp yellow extract-added group.
- the value was / mL, which was about 3.7% on average in the addition group with respect to the control group 100, and the production of infectious virus was also significantly suppressed. From these results, it was clarified that the ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract has an inhibitory effect on viral growth even in various variants of the new coronavirus.
- Example 3 Binding ability of efedrin alkaloid-removing hemp yellow extract component to spike protein involved in new coronavirus infection
- the viral spike protein binds to a receptor molecule of the target cell. If a component of the ephedrine alkaloid-removing Ephedra extract binds to the peplomer of the new coronavirus, the binding between the virus and the target cells is inhibited. Therefore, the binding ability of the ephedrine alkaloid-removing ephedra extract to the spike protein of the new coronavirus was investigated using an intramolecular interaction analyzer.
- BIACORE GE Healthcare
- S1 domain (recombinant S1) of the spike protein of the new coronavirus produced by the gene recombination method was immobilized on the sensor chip CM5 by the amine coupling method at about 500 RU.
- Ephedra extract and ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract strongly bind to the S1 domain of the peplomer protein, which plays an important role in the infection of the new coronavirus, thereby suppressing the infection of the new coronavirus. It was considered.
- Example 4 Binding of Mao-derived polymer-condensed tannin to a spike protein involved in new coronavirus infection
- Mao-derived polymer condensation considered to be the active ingredient of Mao extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed Mao extract to the spike protein of new coronavirus. Whether or not the type tannin binds was examined using an intermolecular interaction analyzer.
- the intramolecular interaction analysis was examined under the same conditions using the apparatus and sensor chip described in Example 3.
- the hemp-derived polymer condensed tannin was dissolved in HEPES buffer and adjusted to 40 ⁇ g / mL, 20 ⁇ g / mL, and 10 ⁇ g / mL to prepare a sample solution.
- the sample solution was applied for 60 seconds at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L / min and then washed with HEPES buffer for 120 seconds.
- a sensorgram was obtained by subtracting the response of the non-immobilized flow cell from the response of the flow cell in which the recombinant S1 was immobilized.
- the polymer condensed tannin derived from Ephedra was bound to the recombinant S1 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 4). Since the average molecular weight of the mahuang-derived polymer condensed tannin is about 100,000, the concentration of each sample is regarded as 400 nM, 200 nM, 100 nM, and the mahuang-derived polymer condensed type is used by the curve fitting method for the sensorgram. As a result of kinetic analysis of the binding model of tannin and recombinant S1, the dissociation constant KD was calculated to be 30.7 nM, and the mao-derived polymer condensed tannin could function sufficiently as a binding inhibitor to the spike protein of the new coronavirus. It was revealed that it has a binding ability.
- Ephedra-derived polymer-condensed tannin which is a component of Ephedra extract and ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra extract, strongly binds to the S1 domain of spike protein, which plays an important role in infection with the new coronavirus. Therefore, it was considered that Ephedra-derived polymer-condensed tannin could be an antiviral agent that suppresses infection with the new coronavirus, similar to Ephedra extract and ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract.
- Example 5 Inhibition of binding between the spike protein of the new coronavirus and ACE2 It has been clarified that the binding of the spike protein of the new coronavirus to ACE2 in the host cell is the first step of infection.
- Ephedra-derived polymer condensed tannin which is considered to be the active ingredient of Ephedra extract or ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract shown in Example 4, inhibits binding to ACE2 or is enzyme-labeled by binding to peplomer. The study was carried out using a spike protein.
- Ephedra-derived polymer-condensed tannin which is a component of Ephedra extract and ephedrine alkaloid-removed mahuang extract, inhibits the first stage of infection with the new coronavirus. Similar to the extract, it was considered that ephedra-derived polymer-condensed tannin could be an antiviral agent that suppresses infection with the new coronavirus.
- Example 6 Effect of oral administration of EFE on a mouse coronavirus infection model
- MHV mouse coronavirus belonging to the family Coronavirus of the order Nidovirus.
- MHV has been reported to cause pneumonia in mice (Albuquerque, N., et al., J Virol., 80, 10382-10394, 2006).
- mice (BALB / cCrSlc, female) were nasally inoculated with MHV (MHV-1 / ATCCVR-261), and EFE was orally administered for 6 days from 1 hour after inoculation.
- the non-infected group and the infected symmetric group were administered with water for injection.
- EFE was administered to the infected group 700 mg / kg x 2 times / day [EFE 700 x 2 (1400)], 700 mg / kg x 1 time / day (EFE 700), 350 mg / kg x 2 times. / Daily administration [EFE 350 ⁇ 2 (700)].
- Ten mice in each group were used.
- the number of viral plaques in the right lung and liver was significantly reduced in all EFE-administered groups compared with the infected control group.
- the number of viral plaques in the right lung was 1622.3 ⁇ 271.9 ( ⁇ 10 ⁇ SUP> 2 ⁇ / SUP> PFU / g) in the infected control group, 96.1 ⁇ 10.7 in the EFE 700 ⁇ 2 (1400) group, and 250.1 ⁇ 67.9 in the EFE 700 group.
- EFE 350 ⁇ 2 (700) group was 417.5 ⁇ 121.5 (Fig. 6).
- the respiratory dysfunction observed in the infected control group showed an improving tendency in all EFE-administered groups (Fig. 7).
- Example 7 Method for Quantifying Polymer Condensed Tannin
- the column length is doubled to enhance the ability to separate from contaminants. Quantitative method was established. As a result of calculating the polymer condensed tannin content for 3 lots of Ephedra extract using this quantification method, it was 0.03 to 0.69% (average 0.36%). The polymer condensed tannin content of one lot of ephedrine alkaloid-removed ephedra extract was calculated to be 0.49%.
- Quantitative method The sample and the polymer condensed tannin standard were precisely weighed and dissolved in the mobile phase to a concentration of about 10.0 mg / mL to prepare a sample solution and a polymer condensed tannin standard solution.
- GPC was performed on the sample solution and the polymer condensed tannin standard solution under the following conditions, and the peak areas A T and AS of the sample and the polymer condensed tannin standard were measured using the data processing software LabSolutions GPC.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 5
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2019-131536
- Reference Example 1 Preparation of Ephedra Extract
- the dried raw material of Ephedra was pulverized by a mixer, 500 mL of water was added to 50 g of the pulverized product, and the mixture was extracted at 95 ° C. for 1 hour while stirring. The solid and liquid were separated, and the extract was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. The obtained supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. and dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. overnight to obtain 9.6 g of Ephedra extract.
- Reference Example 2 Examination of packing material for ion exchange chromatography An examination was conducted to determine a packing material for ion exchange chromatography suitable for producing an ephedrine alkaloid-removing hemp yellow extract. After treating the ephedra extract with various ion exchange resins, the ephedrine alkaloids contained in the extract were analyzed by TLC and HPLC. The ion exchange resins examined were 13 types of cation exchange resins, 1 type of amphoteric ion exchange resins, and 8 types of anion exchange resins, for a total of 22 types. As a result, it was found that the ion effect resin suitable for removing the ephedrine alkaloid was a cation exchange resin.
- Reference Example 3 Preparation of Ephedra Alkaloid-Removed Ephedra Extract Using Ion Exchange Resin SK1B or IR120B
- the dried raw material of Ephedra was crushed with a mixer, 500 mL of water was added to 50 g of the crushed product, and the mixture was extracted at 95 ° C. for 1 hour while stirring. .. Solid-liquid separation is performed, the extract is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the obtained supernatant is used as a 25 mL strong acid cation exchange resin SK1B (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) or a strong acid cation exchange resin IR120B (Organo Corporation). Made).
- Reference Example 4 Comparison of Ephedra Content Contained in Ephedra Extract (Reference Example 1) and Ephedrine Alkaloid-Removed Ephedra Extract (Reference Example 3) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Ephedra Extract (Reference Example 1) and Ephedrine Alkaloid-Removed Ephedra Extract The results obtained from the HPLC analysis of (Reference Example 3) are shown in the table below. From these results, it was found that ephedrine alkaloids (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) can be removed from the ephedra extract to the detection limit (0.05 ppm) or less by column chromatography using the strong acid type cation exchange resin SK1B or IR120B.
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Reference Example 5 Comparison of compositional components of Ephedra extract (Reference Example 1) and ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract (Reference Example 3) Compositional components of Ephedra extract and ephedrine alkaloid-removed Ephedra extract by three-dimensional high-speed liquid chromatography (3D-HPLC) As a result of comparison, the peak of ephedrine alkaloid disappeared in the ephedrine alkaloid-free ephedra extract, but the pattern of other components was almost the same as that of the ephedra extract (data not shown).
- 3D-HPLC three-dimensional high-speed liquid chromatography
- Reference Example 7 Preparation of polymer condensed tannin standard substance About 100 mg of polymer condensed tannin was precisely weighed, and 10 mL of a 50% dimethylformamide solution was accurately added to completely dissolve the polymer condensed tannin. As a result of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of this solution, it was confirmed that the weight average molecular weight was 85642 and no peak was confirmed in the low molecular weight range, and the polymer condensed tannin standard substance solution (10.0 mg / mL) was confirmed. And said.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Reference Example 8 Evaluation of polymer condensed tannin content by GPC A GPC test was conducted on 3 lots of hemp yellow extract under the following conditions, and the polymer condensed tannin content was calculated to be 2.84 mg / mL.
- GPC test method The sample was precisely weighed and dissolved in a 50% dimethylformamide solution to a concentration of about 10.0 mg / mL to prepare a sample solution. GPC was performed on the sample solution and the polymer condensed tannin standard substance solution under the following conditions, and the peak areas AT and A of the sample solution and the polymer condensed tannin standard substance solution were used using the data processing software Chromato-PRO-GPC. S and the weight average molecular weight were calculated.
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Abstract
Description
(1)麻黄エキスを有効成分とし、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療に用いられることを特徴とする抗ウイルス剤。
(2)麻黄エキスからエフェドリンアルカロイドを除いたエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスを有効成分とし、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療に用いられることを特徴とする抗ウイルス剤。
(3)麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを有効成分とし、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療に用いられることを特徴とする抗ウイルス剤。
(4)医薬品製剤又は漢方製剤の形態である、上記の抗ウイルス剤。
(5)食品の形態である、(2)又は(3)に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
(6)エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスまたは麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを含む飲食物を経口的に摂取させることを含む、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防のための方法(望ましくは、医療行為を除く)。
(7)麻黄エキスまたはエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスまたは麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを有効成分として含有する医薬品を対象に投与することを含む、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療のための方法。
(8)高分子縮合型タンニンをゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで定量することにより、上記(1)~(5)に記載の組成物の抗ウイルス剤としての有効性を担保する方法。
(9)麻黄エキスが高分子縮合型タンニンを0.01%以上含む、(1)の抗ウイルス剤。
(10)エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスが高分子縮合型タンニンを0.01%以上含む、(2)の抗ウイルス剤。
(11)他のCOVID-19治療薬を対象に投与することをさらに含む、(6)または(7)の方法。
本発明に用いられる麻黄エキスは、マオウ科植物Ephedra sinica Stapf、Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. MeyerまたはEphedra equisetina Bunge (Ephedraceae)の地上茎を用いる。生、乾燥もしくは地上茎を加工したものを利用できる。麻黄エキスの抽出工程は、周知の方法のいずれかに基づいて行なうことができる。抽出溶媒としては、水または温水、熱水、アルコール系溶媒、およびアセトンなどその他の有機溶媒を用いることができる。アルコール系溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、イソブタノールなどを例示することができる。これらの溶媒は単独で使用してもよいし、組み合わせて使用してもよい。
本発明に用いられるエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスは、麻黄エキスを原料とし、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによってエフェドリンを除去し、濃縮乾燥を経て、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスを得ることができる。
本発明の麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンは、分子量10,000~500,000の高分子縮合型タンニンで、プロアントシアニジンAタイプ及びプロアントシアニジンBタイプの重合したプロアントシアニジンである。より詳細には、前記高分子縮合型タンニンは、エクステンションユニットとして、カテコールタイプ又はピロガロールタイプのフラバン 3-オールが主にプロアントシアニジンBタイプで縮合し、その一部にプロアントシアニジンAタイプの縮合型タンニンユニットを含み、さらにターミナルユニットとして、カテコールタイプ又はピロガロールタイプのフラバン 3-オールを主に含み、ピロガロールタイプとカテコールタイプを、4~5:1の比率で含む(図8)。ここで、分子量は、GPC用標準ポリスチレンを標準物質として換算した分子量である。
本発明の一態様において、麻黄エキス、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス、あるいは、麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを、抗新型コロナウイルス剤の有効成分として用いることができる。
本発明のエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスや麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンは、副作用成分であるエフェドリンアルカロイドを含まないため、食品としての利用が可能である。したがって、本発明のエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス、及び、麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンは、食品に含有させることができる。例えば、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスを原材料に配合することにより、様々な食品の形態とすることができる。食品として、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選定することができるが、例えば、清涼飲料、炭酸飲料、栄養飲料、果実飲料、乳酸飲料等の飲料;飴、キャンディー、チュアブル、ゼリー、ガム、チョコレート等の菓子類;顆粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、ドリンク剤など種々の形態の健康食品、機能性表示食品や栄養補助食品が挙げられる。
本発明は、分子量の範囲を特定した麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンの含量を定量することも包含する。例えば、原料生薬である麻黄、麻黄エキス原薬、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス原薬、及び、高分子縮合型タンニン原薬について、高分子縮合型タンニンは、抗新型コロナウイルス作用の指標成分とすることができる。
本発明の開示には、非特許文献5(Oshima N, Yamashita T, Hyuga S, Hyuga M, Kamakura H, Yoshimura M, Maruyama T, Hakamatsuka T, Amakura Y, Hanawa T, Goda Y, Efficiently prepared ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract: a putative marker and antiproliferative effects. J Nat Med. 2016; 70: 554-62)および非特許文献6(Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Hyuga S, Hyuga M, Nakamori S, Maruyama T, Oshima N, Uchiyama N, Yang J, Oka H, Ito H, Kobayashi Y, Odaguchi H, Hakamatsuka H, Hanawa T, Goda Y, Quality Evaluation and Characterization of Fractions with Biological Activities in Ephedra Herb Extract and Ephedrine Alkaloids-Free Ephedra Herb Extract. Chem Pharm Bull. 2020; 68(2): 140-149)に記載された事項を援用する。
エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス添加により、新型コロナウイルス感受性細胞であるVeroE6/TMPRSS2細胞での新型コロナウイルスの増殖等に抑制効果が出現するかを検討した。
2019年武漢での発生以降、各国で変異株が報告されている中で特にWHOが感染拡大等について懸念すべき変異株として英国、南アフリカ、ブラジルに由来するAlpha, Beta, Gamma株等を指定し監視対象としている。これら変異株は2020年以降日本国内に侵淫し、当初の流行株WK-521近縁株に置き換わっていることから、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス添加により、新型コロナウイルス感受性細胞であるVeroE6/TMPRSS2細胞での新型コロナウイルス変異株の増殖等に抑制効果が出現するかを検討した。表Bに、実施例1および2において用いた新型コロナウイルス国内分離株を示す。
新型コロナウイルスが標的細胞に結合する時、ウイルスのスパイクタンパク質が標的細胞の受容体分子に結合する。エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの成分が新型コロナウイスルのスパイクタンパク質に結合すれば、ウイルスと標的細胞の結合が阻害される。そこで、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの成分が新型コロナウイスルのスパイクタンパク質に対する結合能について、分子間相互作用解析装置を用いて検討した。
新型コロナウイルスのスパイクタンパク質に対し、麻黄エキスあるいはエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの活性成分と考えられる麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンが結合するか、分子間相互作用解析装置を用いて検討した。
新型コロナウイルスのスパイクタンパク質が宿主細胞のACE2に結合することが、感染の第一段階であることが明らかとなっている。実施例4で示した、麻黄エキスあるいはエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの活性成分と考えられる麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンが、スパイクタンパク質に結合することで、ACE2への結合を阻害するか、酵素標識したスパイクタンパク質を用いて検討した。
ニドウイルス目コロナウイルス科に属するマウスコロナウイルス(Murine hepatitis virus: MHV)を経鼻感染させたマウスを用いて、EFEのin vivo効果について評価した。MHVはマウスに対して肺炎を発症させることが報告されている(Albuquerque, N., et al., J Virol., 80, 10382-10394, 2006)。
参考例8に示したGPCを用いた高分子縮合型タンニンの定量法について、カラム長を2倍に増加させることで夾雑物との分離能を高めた定量法を確立した。この定量法を用い、麻黄エキス3ロットについて、高分子縮合型タンニン含量を算出した結果、0.03~0.69%(平均0.36%)であった。また、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス1ロットについて、高分子縮合型タンニン含量を算出した結果、0.49%であった。
試料及び高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質を精密に量り、約10.0 mg/mL となるよう移動相に溶解し試料溶液及び高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質溶液とした。試料溶液及び高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質溶液について、次の条件でGPCを行い、データ処理ソフトウェアLabSolutions GPCを用い、試料及び高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質のピーク面積AT及びASを測定した。
カラム:TSK-gel Super AW4000(6.0 I.D. x 150 mm x 2本)(東ソー)
移動相:99.5% N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド, 0.5% 3 Mギ酸アンモニウム水溶液
カラム温度:30℃
流速:0.3 mL/min
測定波長:280 nm
ピーク面積測定範囲:12分~18分
計算式
試料1 mg当たりの高分子縮合型タンニン量(mg)= AT/AS x CS/CT
AT:試料のピーク面積
AS:標準物質のピーク面積
CT:試料濃度(mg/mL)
CS:高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質濃度(mg/mL)
参考例:
既に述べたように、発明者らは、以前、エフェドリンアルカロイドに依存しない疼痛抑制作用などの薬理効果を有する、麻黄エキスからエフェドリンアルカロイドが選択的に除去されたエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの製造法を確立した(特許文献1、非特許文献5)。また、発明者らは、麻黄エキスまたはエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスを原料として得られる新規活性成分である麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンの製造法を確立した(特許文献2、非特許文献6)。これらの事項を、以下の参考例により説明する。なお、詳細な試験条件や具体的なデータについては、特許文献1(WO2015/076286)および特許文献2(特開2019-131536号)の実施例の記載を援用する。
麻黄の乾燥原料をミキサーにより粉砕し、その粉砕物50gに500mLの水を加え、攪拌しながら、95℃、1時間抽出した。固液分離し、抽出液を3000rpmにて10分間遠心分離を行った。得られた上清液を60℃にて減圧濃縮したと、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥を行い、麻黄エキスとして9.6gを得た。
エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの製造に適したイオン交換クロマトグラフィーの充填剤を決定するために検討を行った。麻黄エキスを各種イオン交換樹脂で処理した後に、エキスに含まれるエフェドリンアルカロイドをTLC及びHPLCで解析した。検討したイオン交換樹脂は、陽イオン交換樹脂13種類、両性イオン交換樹脂1種類、陰イオン交換樹脂8種類の計22種類である。その結果、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去に適したイオン効果樹脂は、陽イオン交換樹脂であることがわかった。そこで、弱酸性陽イオン交換樹脂WK10、WK11、WK20、WK40L、FPC3500、強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂SK104、SK110、SK1B、UBK530、UBK12、PK216、IR120B、1060Hを用いて、麻黄エキスを処理した後のエキスに含まれるエフェドリンアルカロイド含量をHPLCにより定量した。その結果を下記の表に示す。
麻黄の乾燥原料をミキサーにより粉砕し、その粉砕物50gに500mLの水を加え、攪拌しながら、95℃、1時間抽出した。固液分離し、抽出液を3000rpmにて10分間遠心分離を行い、得られた上清液を25mLの強酸型陽イオン交換樹脂SK1B(三菱化学製)または強酸型陽イオン交換樹脂IR120B(オルガノ社製)に通液させた。通過液を5%のNaHCO3でpH=5.2まで調整し、60℃にて減圧濃縮したと、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥を行い、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスとして6.3gを得た。
麻黄エキス(参考例1)およびエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス(参考例3)のHPLC分析から得られた結果を以下の表に示す。これらの結果から、強酸型陽イオン交換樹脂SK1B、あるいはIR120Bを用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーによって、麻黄エキスからエフェドリンアルカロイド(エフェドリン及びプソイドエフェドリン)を検出限界(0.05ppm)以下まで除去できることがわかった。
3次元高速液体クロマトグラフィー(3D-HPLC)により麻黄エキスとエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスの組成成分を比較した結果、エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスにおいてはエフェドリンアルカロイドのピークが消失したが、他の成分のパターンは麻黄エキスとほぼ同じであった(データは示さない)。
エフェドリン除去麻黄エキス(1.0354 g)について、Sephadex LH-20カラム(1.1 cm x 40 cm、Cytiva)に添加し、50% メタノール(MeOH)、次いで80%MeOHで溶出後、70%アセトンで溶出した。70%アセトン溶出物を凍結乾燥し、高分子縮合型タンニン(125.5 mg)を得た。
高分子縮合型タンニン約100 mgを精密に量り、50%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液10 mLを正確に加え、完全に溶解した。この溶液について、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)で分析した結果、重量平均分子量は85642で、低分子量域にピークが確認されないことを確認し、高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質溶液(10.0 mg/mL)とした。
麻黄エキス3ロットについて、下記の条件でGPC試験を実施し、高分子縮合型タンニン含量を算出した結果、2.84 mg/mLであった。
試料を精密に量り、約10.0 mg/mL となるよう50%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液に溶解し試料溶液とした。試料溶液及び高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質溶液について、次の条件でGPCを行い、データ処理ソフトウェアChromato-PRO-GPCを用い、試料溶液及び高分子縮合型タンニン標準物質溶液のピーク面積AT及びAS、並びに、重量平均分子量を算出した。
カラム:TSK-gel Super AW4000(6.0 I.D. x 150 mm)(東ソー)
移動相:99.5% N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド, 0.5% 3Mギ酸アンモニウム水溶液
カラム温度:30℃
流速:0.3 mL/min
測定波長:280 nm
ピーク面積測定範囲:5分~10分
試料溶液1 mL中の高分子縮合型タンニンの量(mg)= AT/AS x 10.00
AT:試料のピーク面積
AS:標準物質のピーク面積
10.00:標準物質溶液1 mL中の高分子縮合型タンニンの量(mg)
Claims (11)
- 麻黄エキスを有効成分とし、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療に用いられることを特徴とする抗ウイルス剤。
- 麻黄エキスからエフェドリンアルカロイドを除いたエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスを有効成分とし、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療に用いられることを特徴とする抗ウイルス剤。
- 麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを有効成分とし、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療に用いられることを特徴とする抗ウイルス剤。
- 医薬品製剤又は漢方製剤の形態である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 食品の形態である、請求項2又は請求項3に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス又は麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを含む飲食物を経口的に摂取させることを含む、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防のための方法。
- 麻黄エキス又はエフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキス又は麻黄由来高分子縮合型タンニンを有効成分として含有する医薬品を対象に投与することを含む、新型コロナウイルス感染症の予防又は治療のための方法。
- 高分子縮合型タンニンをゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで定量することにより、請求項1~請求項5に記載の抗ウイルス剤の抗ウイルス作用の有効性を担保する方法。
- 麻黄エキスが高分子縮合型タンニンを0.01%以上含む、請求項1の抗ウイルス剤。
- エフェドリンアルカロイド除去麻黄エキスが高分子縮合型タンニンを0.01%以上含む、請求項2の抗ウイルス剤。
- 他の新型コロナウイルス感染症治療薬を対象に投与することをさらに含む、請求項6又は請求項7の方法。
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JP2024014412A (ja) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-02-01 | 株式会社mAbProtein | SARS-CoV-2スパイクタンパク質とそのヒト受容体アンジオテンシン変換酵素2との結合阻害を評価する方法及びキット |
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CN116685215A (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
JP2023022208A (ja) | 2023-02-14 |
EP4223303A1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
JPWO2022071576A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
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