WO2022050418A1 - バイオチップ、その製造方法及びその使用 - Google Patents

バイオチップ、その製造方法及びその使用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022050418A1
WO2022050418A1 PCT/JP2021/032732 JP2021032732W WO2022050418A1 WO 2022050418 A1 WO2022050418 A1 WO 2022050418A1 JP 2021032732 W JP2021032732 W JP 2021032732W WO 2022050418 A1 WO2022050418 A1 WO 2022050418A1
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Prior art keywords
biochip
substrate
group
substance
complex
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
恵梨香 澤野
雄希 ▲高▼▲瀬▼
悠 酒井
英夫 田代
朋子 田代
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Priority to EP21864469.8A priority Critical patent/EP4212875A4/en
Priority to US18/043,368 priority patent/US20230241601A1/en
Priority to CN202180052075.2A priority patent/CN115989411A/zh
Priority to JP2022547003A priority patent/JPWO2022050418A1/ja
Publication of WO2022050418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022050418A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54393—Improving reaction conditions or stability, e.g. by coating or irradiation of surface, by reduction of non-specific binding, by promotion of specific binding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/563—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor involving antibody fragments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/16—Reagents, handling or storing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
    • B01L2300/0636—Integrated biosensor, microarrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0819—Microarrays; Biochips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2474/00—Immunochemical assays or immunoassays characterised by detection mode or means of detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biochip used for detection and analysis of a biochemical reaction by utilizing a biological substance or the like immobilized on a substrate, a method for producing the same, and the use thereof.
  • biochips in which biological substances such as antibodies, antigens, and nucleic acids are immobilized on the chips have been used for clinical examinations and the like.
  • biological substances such as proteins and nucleic acids, which are substances to be immobilized, are immobilized on the surface of the substrate in the form of spots.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 As a method for immobilizing a protein or the like on a substrate, the methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known.
  • the invention is, for example: [1] A substrate on which one or more spots containing a complex of a solid carrier modified with a reactive group and a substance to be immobilized modified with a group that reacts with the reactive group via a spacer is provided on the surface thereof. Have a biochip. [2] The biochip according to [1], wherein the reactive group is selected from the group consisting of avidin or a derivative thereof, biotin or a derivative thereof, an alkyne and an azide. [3] The biochip according to [1] or [2], wherein two or more spots are arranged and the coefficient of variation of the volume of the complex contained in one spot is less than 11.8%.
  • the process of applying the detection reagent to the biochip and A method for detecting a target substance including.
  • the present invention has the following one or more effects depending on the embodiment.
  • (1) The detection accuracy is excellent.
  • (2) The interaction between the substance to be immobilized and the target substance is less likely to be inhibited.
  • (3) The SN ratio is excellent.
  • (4) The detection sensitivity is excellent.
  • Non-specific adsorption of the target substance can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a complex of a solid carrier modified with avidin or a derivative thereof and a biological substance biotinylated via a spacer.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the uniformity of the biochip of the present invention.
  • (A) is a plan view, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA'of (a).
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the biochip of the present invention.
  • (A) is a plan view, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA'of (a).
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the biochip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the biochip of the present invention.
  • (A) is a plan view, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA'of (a).
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the biotinylated peptide 2 immobilized on the beads.
  • FIG. 7 is an optical microscope image of typical spots of biochip 1 (left) and biochip 2 (right).
  • FIG. 8 is a profile graph based on a planar image and a 3D image of typical spots of biochip 1 (left) and biochip 2 (right) by a laser microscope.
  • FIG. 9 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 1 (left) and the experimental group 2 (right).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 2 (left) and the experimental group 3 (right).
  • FIG. 11 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 3 (left) and the experimental group 4 (right).
  • FIG. 12 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 4 (left) and the experimental group 5 (right).
  • the spots surrounded by the dotted line indicate the spots in which the light emission was not detected in the experimental group 4, but could be confirmed in the experimental group 5.
  • the spots surrounded by the solid line indicate that the emission intensities were similar to those in the experimental groups 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 2 (left) and the experimental group 3 (right).
  • FIG. 11 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 3 (left) and the experimental
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the emission intensities of representative spots in the experimental group 4 (x) and the experimental group 5 ( ⁇ ). The vertical axis shows the emission intensity. For most of the spots where light emission was not detected in experimental group 4, light emission was detected in experimental group 5.
  • FIG. 14 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot in the experimental group 5 (left) and the experimental group 6 (right).
  • FIG. 15 is a photographic diagram showing the emission intensity of each spot of the biochips A to F.
  • the biochip of the present invention contains one or more spots comprising a complex of a solid carrier modified with a reactive group and a substance to be immobilized with a group that reacts with the reactive group via a spacer. It has a substrate disposed on the surface.
  • the solid carrier is not particularly limited as long as it can be modified with a reactive group, and examples thereof include fine particle carriers such as organic fine particles and inorganic fine particles.
  • the fine particle carrier may be magnetic fine particles.
  • a magnetizable substance such as ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 has a particle size covered with a uniformly hydrophilic polymer (for example, a water-soluble polymer such as glycidyl methacrylate).
  • Uniform beads are mentioned, and commercially available products include Dyna beads manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific, FG beads manufactured by Tamagawa Seiki, Sera-Mag magnetic beads manufactured by GE Healthcare, and Magnosphere manufactured by JSR Life Science. Can be mentioned.
  • the size of the solid carrier is not particularly limited, but in the case of a fine particle carrier, for example, one having an average particle size of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m, 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m, 0.2 to 1.0 ⁇ m, or the like is used. be able to.
  • the shape of the solid carrier may be spherical or non-spherical such as an ellipsoid or a polyhedron such as a cube.
  • a non-spherical carrier for example, one having an average maximum diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m, 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m, 0.2 to 1.0 ⁇ m, or the like can be used. Any known reactive group can be used.
  • Non-limiting examples include avidin or its derivative, biotin or its derivative, alkin, azide, epoxy, hydroxyl group, amino group, carboxyl group, succinimide group, tosyl group, protein A, protein G and the like.
  • the derivative of avidin is not particularly limited as long as it interacts with biotin, and examples thereof include streptavidin, neutrAvidin, bradavidin, and tamavidin.
  • the biotin derivative is not particularly limited as long as it interacts with avidin, and examples thereof include biotisin.
  • the spacer does not inhibit the interaction between the immobilized substance (for example, a peptide) and the substance bound to the substance (for example, an antibody) and the interaction between the reactive group and the group that reacts with the reactive group, and the biochip of the present invention. It is not particularly limited as long as it is non-cleavable (for example, one having no cleaving bond such as an ester bond or a disulfide bond) in the usage situation of the above, and examples thereof include a carbon chain and polyethylene glycol (PEG). ..
  • the length of the spacer is not limited, and may be, for example, 5 to 150 ⁇ , 6 to 100 ⁇ , 7 to 80 ⁇ , 8 to 60 ⁇ , 9 to 50 ⁇ , etc., and if it is a carbon chain, for example, directly from C1 to C20. It may be the length of a chain alkyl, a linear alkyl of C3 to C10, a linear alkyl of C4 to C8, particularly a linear alkyl of C6, and if it is PEG, it may be, for example, a 2 to 24 mer or a 2 to 12 mer. It may be of 2 to 8 mer, especially 2 to 4 mer.
  • any known group can be used.
  • Non-limiting examples include avidin or a derivative thereof, biotin or a derivative thereof, alkin, azide, a phenolic OH group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a His tag, an antibody and the like.
  • the substance to be immobilized is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that can interact with the target substance to be detected by the biochip, and examples thereof include biological substances, environmental substances, and substances that can interact with these substances.
  • the biological substance include peptides, nucleic acids, sugar chains, or one or more mixtures or complexes (for example, glycoproteins) selected from these.
  • the peptide referred to here is a general term for substances in which two or more amino acids are peptide-bonded.
  • Peptides include oligopeptides and polypeptides, and polypeptides include proteins.
  • biological substances include, but are not limited to, immunogenic eggs, milk, meat, fish, shellfish and casein, grains, beans and nuts, fruits, vegetables, and beer yeast.
  • Food allergens such as gelatin, non-food allergens such as pollen, mites, and house dust, and tumor markers such as liver cancer and breast cancer can be preferably exemplified.
  • ⁇ s1-casein as a main component of milk allergen.
  • ⁇ s2-casein, ⁇ -casein, ⁇ -casein, ⁇ -lactoalbumin, ⁇ -lactoglobulin, ovomucoid, ovoalbumin, conalbumin as the main component of egg white allergen, gliadin as the main component of wheat allergen Specific examples include proteins with molecular weights of 24 kDa and 76 kDa, which are the main proteins of buckwheat, and Arah1 which is the main protein of peanuts, and in particular, casein sodium, ⁇ -casein, ⁇ -casein, ⁇ -casein, ⁇ .
  • -It is desirable to use at least one allergen selected from lactoalbumin, ⁇ -lactoglobulin, ovomucoid, ovoalbumin and conalbumin.
  • the above biological substances also react with antibodies against various allergens, various biomarkers (eg, tumor markers, infectious disease markers, genetic disease markers, endocrine disease markers, inflammation markers, fatigue markers, stress markers, nutrition markers) and the like. Includes biological substances (antigens, antibodies, aptamers, lectins, polynucleotides, enzymes, substrates, etc.), antigens related to pathogens, autoimmune diseases, etc.
  • Substances that can interact with biological substances include not only biological substances as described above, but also artificial substances such as antibody mimetics, peptide mimetics, modified nucleic acids, and nucleic acid mimetics.
  • Antibody mimetics include, but are not limited to, for example, monobody (adnectin), affimer, affimer, affitin, anticarin, attrimer, finomer, armadillo repeat protein, knitz domain, notchton, avimer, DARPin, alphabody, O.
  • Examples include a body and a lipi body.
  • Examples of the peptide mimetic include, but are not limited to, peptide-like substances containing unnatural amino acids.
  • the modified nucleic acid is not limited, and examples thereof include a base-modified nucleic acid, a sugar-modified nucleic acid, and a backbone-modified nucleic acid.
  • nucleic acid mimetics include, but are not limited to, PNA, LNA and the like.
  • the complex is composed of a solid carrier modified with avidin or a derivative thereof and a biomaterial biotinylated via a spacer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a complex of a solid carrier modified with avidin or a derivative thereof and a biological substance biotinylated via a spacer.
  • the biomaterial is located most distal to the solid carrier, facilitating contact with the target substance in solution. Therefore, the interaction between the biological substance and the target substance is promoted as compared with the embodiment without the spacer.
  • the spot is typically a substantially circular region, and its diameter can vary depending on the size of the biochip, the number of spots, and the like, but can be, for example, 400 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, preferably 500 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m.
  • the number of spots per biochip may vary depending on the size of the biochip and the spots, but 3 or more is preferable, 12 or more is more preferable, 18 or more is particularly preferable, and 168 or less is preferable. 144 or less are more preferable.
  • the range of the number of spots may be, for example, 1 to 200, 3 to 168, 18 to 144, and the like.
  • the biochip of the present invention has two or more spots, and the coefficient of variation of the volume of the complex contained in one spot is less than 11.8%.
  • the coefficient of variation is 11.5% or less, 11.0% or less, 10.5% or less, 10.0% or less, 9.5% or less, 9.0% or less, 8.5%.
  • the fluctuation coefficients are 0.5 to 3.0%, 0.5 to 3.5%, 0.5 to 4.0%, 0.5 to 4.5%, and 0.5 to 5.0.
  • % 0.5-5.5%, 0.5-6.0%, 0.5-6.5%, 0.5-7.0%, 0.5-7.5%, 0.5 ⁇ 8.0%, 0.5 ⁇ 8.5%, 0.5 ⁇ 9.0%, 0.5 ⁇ 9.5%, 0.5 ⁇ 10.0%, 0.5 ⁇ 10.5% , 0.5 to 11.0%, 0.5 to 11.5%, 1.0 to 3.0%, 1.0 to 3.5%, 1.0 to 4.0%, 1.0 to 4.5%, 1.0-5.0%, 1.0-5.5%, 1.0-6.0%, 1.0-6.5%, 1.0-7.0%, 1.0 to 7.5%, 1.0 to 8.0%, 1.0 to 8.5%, 1.0 to 9.0%, 1.0 to 9.5%, 1.0 to 10 0.0%, 1.0 to 10.5%, 1.0 to 11.0%, 1.0 to 11.5%, 1.5 to 3.0%, 1.5 to 3.5%, 1 .5-4.0%, 1.5-4.5%, 1.5-5.0%, 1.5-6.0%, 1.5-6.0%, 1.5-6.0%, 1.5-6.
  • the coefficient of variation of the volume of the complex per spot is the coefficient of variation of the volume of solid content per spot.
  • the volume of solids present in the spot is measured, for example, from a 3D image by a laser microscope (especially a shape analysis laser microscope manufactured by KEYENCE, VK-X series, etc.) with image analysis software (manufactured by KEYENCE, a multi-analysis application, etc.). can do.
  • a low coefficient of variation can typically be achieved by applying the complex-containing solution to the substrate with a non-contact dispenser.
  • a nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 100 to 2000 times, preferably 150 to 1000 times, more preferably 200 to 700 times, particularly 500 times the average maximum diameter of the solid carrier can be used. ..
  • the biochip substrate of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not have an excessive adverse effect on the test sample or biochemical reaction, but for example, a resin material, a glass material, or the like can be used.
  • a resin material for example, a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin can be used without limitation.
  • a light-transmitting resin material such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylic, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, cycloolefin polymer, or cycloolefin copolymer is used, good visible light transmission can be ensured.
  • the polypropylene is not limited, and for example, homopolypropylene or a random copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene can be used.
  • the acrylic is not limited, and for example, polymethyl methacrylate or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and other monomers such as methacrylic acid ester, acrylic acid ester, and styrene can be used.
  • the terms "transparent” and "light transmittance" in the present invention mean that the average transmittance of the detected light in the wavelength region is 70% or more. If a material of a light transmitting material is used in the visible light region (wavelength 350 to 780 nm), it is easy to visually recognize the sample state in the chip, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the light-impermeable resin material is not limited to, for example, a resin material such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylic, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer, and a colorant for resin (for example, masterbatch). ) Is added.
  • the light-impermeable resin material preferably has a high light-shielding property, and the color is preferably black.
  • the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and 0. 7 mm to 1.0 mm is particularly preferable.
  • the resin material used for the substrate is hydrophobic. In some embodiments, the resin material is formed from a water-insoluble polymer. In some embodiments, the resin material is free of dextran, PEG or derivatives thereof.
  • the biochip of the present invention may be surface-treated with a blocking agent on the substrate.
  • a blocking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can suppress non-specific adsorption of the substance to be immobilized on the biochip, but includes biotin or a derivative thereof when the reactive group is avidin or a derivative thereof. Those are preferable.
  • Surface treatment with a blocking agent containing biotin or a derivative thereof inactivates the unreacted biotin binding site of avidin or a derivative thereof on a solid carrier and suppresses non-specific adsorption of biological substances contained in the test sample. Can be done.
  • the blocking agent may contain albumin, skim milk, MPC polymer, PEG and the like.
  • the target substance is a substance that binds to a protein, for example, an antibody, a protein-free blocking agent is preferable.
  • the substrate can also be hydrophilized.
  • the hydrophilization treatment can prevent non-specific adsorption to the substrate and firmly immobilize the substrate and the complex.
  • Immobilization as used herein means that a strong chemical bond such as a covalent bond is formed between the complex and the surface of the substrate, and a weak chemical bond such as a hydrogen bond (also referred to as chemical adsorption) or It is distinguished from physical adsorption by van der Waals force.
  • non-specific adsorption as used herein means that a substance to be immobilized and / or a substance that specifically reacts with the substance to be immobilized is adsorbed to a region on the surface of the substrate on which the complex is not immobilized. Say that. Specific examples of the substance that specifically reacts with the complex include an antibody when the substance to be immobilized is an antigen, and an antigen when the substance to be immobilized is an antibody.
  • the hydrophilization treatment may be performed on one or more portions of the surface of the substrate, or may be performed on the entire surface of the substrate.
  • the portion of the surface of the substrate is hydrophilized, for example, it may be applied to the entire upper surface of the substrate or one or more portions of the upper surface of the substrate.
  • the area to be hydrophilized is 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% of the total surface area of the substrate or the total surface area of the upper surface of the substrate. As mentioned above, it may be 90% or more. Further, the portion to be hydrophilized may have various shapes.
  • the portion to be hydrophilized may have a shape such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon, whereby, for example, a plurality of circular hydrophilic portions are formed in a spot shape on the surface of the substrate. It becomes possible to do.
  • the hydrophilization treatment is not particularly limited, but surface coating with an inorganic material such as hydrophilic silica or a surfactant, plasma treatment, UV-ozone treatment, chemical hydrophilization treatment such as corona treatment and frame treatment, and fineness. It can be mentioned that hydrophilicity is imparted by physically forming a nanostructure (WO2011 / 024947).
  • the hydrophilization treatment in the present invention does not involve the formation of a coat layer with a polymer, particularly a water-soluble polymer.
  • the substrate in this embodiment has a hydrophilic surface but no coat layer.
  • hydrophilic in the present invention means that the contact angle ( ⁇ / 2 method) measured by the static contact angle measurement method (liquid proper method) is 1 ° or more and less than 80 °, and 5 ° or more and less than 75 °. It is preferably present, and more preferably 10 ° or more and less than 70 °.
  • the substrate has a surface comprising a hydrophilic reaction area, preferably a resin surface comprising a hydrophilic reaction area.
  • the reaction area means a region on the substrate on which the complex is immobilized and reacted with the substance to be detected.
  • the reaction area may be a part or the whole of the surface of the substrate.
  • the reaction area may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
  • the reaction area may be of various shapes, eg, circular, oval, polygonal or a combination thereof.
  • the reaction area may be continuous or discontinuous. For example, the reaction area may form a plurality of spots that do not contact each other.
  • the reaction area may be surrounded by a boundary within which the liquid can be retained. Further, the reaction area may be covered with a functional group having a polarity generated by cutting the carbon-related bonds of the resin forming the surface of the substrate and binding the cut points with oxygen. Examples of such a functional group include, but are not limited to, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a methoxy group, a peroxide group, a polar ether group and the like.
  • a coat layer for preventing non-specific adsorption and immobilizing the complex can be provided on the substrate.
  • the method of immobilizing the composite on the substrate via the coat layer is compared with the method of mixing the polymer, the substance to be immobilized and the photocrosslinking agent and applying the composite onto the substrate, and is exposed to the outermost layer. Since the mass of the compound is large, a substrate having an excellent SN ratio and detection sensitivity can be obtained.
  • the coat layer is not particularly limited as long as it can promote the immobilization of the complex and / or suppress non-specific adsorption, and can be composed of, for example, various polymers.
  • a water-soluble polymer is preferable.
  • a water-soluble polymer it is possible to avoid the use of a non-aqueous solvent other than water or alcohol, which may denature the complex (including the substance to be immobilized) contained therein. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a water-soluble polymer in order to prevent denaturation of the complex.
  • the water-soluble polymer has an advantage that it is also excellent in a non-specific adsorption suppressing effect.
  • water-soluble means, for example, that the solubility of the polymer in water (the number of grams dissolved in 100 g of water) is 5 or more.
  • the number average molecular weight of the polymer is not particularly limited, and is usually about 3.5 to 5 million. By setting the molecular weight of the polymer to about 500 to several hundred thousand, the number of crosslinks between the polymers can be maintained at an appropriate level, and a substance (photocrosslinking agent or the like) used for the reaction between the complex and the complex can be maintained. ) Can proceed to the reaction.
  • Water-soluble polymers include bipolar polymers such as phosphorylcholine-containing polymers and nonionic polymers.
  • bipolar polymer examples include a polymer containing 2-methacryloyloxyphosphorylcholine (MPC) as a main component (for example, “LIPIDURE (R) ” manufactured by NOF CORPORATION (LIPIDURE (R) -CR2001, LIPIDURE (R) -CM5206, etc.). )).
  • MPC 2-methacryloyloxyphosphorylcholine
  • Nonionic polymers include polyalkylene glycols such as PEG and polypropylene glycol; vinyl alcohol, methylvinyl ether, vinylpyrrolidone, vinyloxazolidone, vinylmethyloxazolidone, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylsuccinimide, N.
  • Nonionic vinyl polymers consisting of monomer units such as butyl vinyl ether alone or in admixture; gelatin, casein, collagen, arabic gum, xanthan gum, tragant gum, guar gum, purulan, pectin, sodium alginate, hyaluronic acid, chitosan , Chitin derivatives, carrageenan, natural polymers such as starches (carboxymethyl starch, aldehyde starch), dextrin, cyclodextrin, water-soluble such as methylcellulose, biscose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Natural polymers such as cellulose derivatives can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto.
  • commercially available photocrosslinked water-soluble polymers based on these polymers such as "BIOSURFINE-AWP” manufactured by Toyo Gosei Co., Ltd. based on polyvinyl alcohol, and 2-methacryloyloxyphosphorylcholine (MPC) were used as the base.
  • MPC 2-methacryloyloxyphosphorylcholine
  • LIPIDURE (R) -CR2001 manufactured by NOF CORPORATION.
  • polyethylene glycol-based polymers for example, vinyl polymers of polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate
  • polymers containing MPC as a main component for example, LIPIDURE (R) -CR2001
  • the like are preferable.
  • the substrate can be surface-treated in order to enhance the adhesiveness between the coat layer and the substrate.
  • the surface treatment is not particularly limited, but for example, the chemical bonds of the molecules on the resin surface of the substrate are cleaved, and the hydrophilic functional groups OH (hydroxyl group), CO (carbonyl group), and COOH (carboxyl group) are selected depending on the type of resin. ), Treatments for generating methoxy groups, peroxide groups, polar ether groups and the like, such as plasma treatments, UV-ozone treatments, corona treatments and frame treatments.
  • test sample to which the biochip of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, but blood, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, nasal discharge, runny nose, etc.
  • bodily fluids such as runny nose and synovial fluid, sputum, and biopsy samples.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a uniform state of the biochip of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as biochip (A)).
  • a ring-shaped boundary 102 is formed on the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101.
  • the boundary 102 is formed in an annular shape having a preset width, protrudes from the base 101 at a predetermined height, and holds the liquid in the space surrounded by the upper surface 101A of the base 101 and the boundary 102.
  • the reaction area 103 of the above is formed.
  • the boundary is shown in a ring shape, but the boundary is not limited to this, and can be various shapes such as an ellipse and a polygon (for example, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, and an octagon).
  • a spot 104 in which a component (immobilized substance) that reacts with the component of the test sample is fixed is arranged.
  • a plurality of the spots 104 can be arranged, and the spots 104 are arranged as a plurality of independent spots at preset positions at a preset interval.
  • (B) in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of the biochip (A) 10 cut along the AA'line (see (a) in FIG. 1).
  • the lower limit of the height of the boundary 102 from the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mm or more, and more preferably 2 mm or more.
  • the upper limit of the height of the boundary 102 from the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mm or less in consideration of its use as a chip.
  • the width of the boundary 102 is also not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, preferably in the range of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm, in consideration of structural stability and the size of the chip. Is even more preferable.
  • the material of the boundary 102 is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the inspection sample or biochemical reaction, but as a rubber composition such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicon rubber, fluororubber, urethane rubber, or the substrate. It can be appropriately selected from the resin materials that can be used.
  • the complex is fixed to the spot 104.
  • the number and arrangement of the spots 104 are not particularly limited, and any number and arrangement are possible.
  • the lower limit of the number of spots 104 is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 12 or more, and particularly preferably 18 or more.
  • the upper limit of the number of spots 104 is preferably 168 or less, and more preferably 144 or less, from the viewpoint that the size of the reaction area is limited and the signals with the spots in the vicinity do not overlap at the time of detection.
  • biochip (B) in FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another aspect of the biochip of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as biochip (B)).
  • the biochip (B) 11 is different from the biochip (A) in that there is no boundary and the entire upper surface 101A of the substrate 101 is the reaction area 103, but the other configurations are the same as those of the biochip (A). be. Since the biochip (B) does not need to have a boundary, it has an advantage that the manufacturing process is simple and the manufacturing cost is low.
  • the biochip (C) 12 has a ring-shaped boundary 102 formed on the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101.
  • the boundary 102 is formed in an annular shape having a preset width, protrudes from the base 101 at a predetermined height, and holds the liquid in the space surrounded by the upper surface 101A of the base 101 and the boundary 102.
  • the reaction area 103 of the above is formed.
  • the boundary is shown in a ring shape, but the boundary is not limited to this, and can be various shapes such as an ellipse and a polygon (for example, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, and an octagon).
  • a coat layer 104 for preventing non-specific adsorption and immobilizing a biological substance is formed, and a component (the complex) that reacts with the component of the test sample via the coat layer 104.
  • a plurality of spots 105 are arranged.
  • the spots 105 are arranged on the coat layer 104 as a plurality of independent spots at preset positions at preset intervals.
  • (B) in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of the biochip (C) 12 cut along the AA'line (see (a) in FIG. 3).
  • the lower limit of the height of the boundary 102 from the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mm or more, and more preferably 2 mm or more.
  • the upper limit of the height of the boundary 102 from the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mm or less in consideration of its use as a chip.
  • the width of the boundary 102 is also not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, preferably in the range of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm, in consideration of structural stability and the size of the chip. Is even more preferable.
  • the material of the boundary 102 is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the inspection sample or biochemical reaction, but as a rubber composition such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicon rubber, fluororubber, urethane rubber, or the substrate. It can be appropriately selected from the resin materials that can be used.
  • the thickness of the coat layer 104 is not particularly limited and any thickness can be formed, but it is preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and 10 nm to 100 nm. Is particularly preferred.
  • the complex is fixed to the spot 105.
  • the number and arrangement of the spots 105 are not particularly limited, and any number and arrangement are possible. Then, from the viewpoint of simultaneous inspection of multiple items, the number of spots 105 may be set as described above for the biochip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another aspect of the biochip of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as biochip (D)).
  • the biochip (D) 13 is different from the biochip (C) in that a coat layer 104 for preventing non-specific adsorption and immobilizing a biological substance is formed on the entire upper surface of the substrate 101. There is. Therefore, the ring-shaped boundary 102 is formed on the coat layer 104.
  • the boundary 102 is formed in an annular shape having a preset width, protrudes from the coat layer 104 at a predetermined height, and holds the liquid in the space surrounded by the coat layer 104 and the boundary 102. It forms a reaction area 103.
  • the cross section of the boundary 102 in this embodiment is trapezoidal, but the cross-sectional shape of the boundary 102 is not particularly limited as long as the liquid can be held in the space surrounded by the boundary 102, such as the biochip A. In addition to a rectangle, it can have various shapes such as a triangle, a trapezoid, and an L-shape.
  • a plurality of spots 105 on which a component (immobilized substance) that reacts with the component of the inspection sample is fixed are arranged on the coat layer 104 as a plurality of independent spots at preset positions at preset intervals.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of the biochip (D) 13 cut along the AA'line (see (a) in FIG. 4).
  • the range of height of the boundary 102 from the coat layer 104 is the same as the range of height of the boundary 102 from the upper surface 101A of the substrate 101 in the biochip (C). Further, the width of the boundary 102, the material, the thickness of the coat layer 104, and the spot 105 are the same as those of the biochip (C).
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to base a composite of a solid carrier modified with a reactive group and an immobilized substance modified with a group that reacts with the reactive group via a spacer.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a biochip, which comprises a step of spotting the spotted complex and a step of fixing the spotted composite to a substrate (hereinafter, may be referred to as a production method of the present invention).
  • the solid carrier modified with the reactive group may be a commercially available one, or may be newly produced by any known method.
  • Solid carriers include, for example, FG beads (R) from Tamagawa Seiki, FF beads, Streptavidin-bound NanoLink / MagnaLink beads from Solulink, Streptavidin Magnetic Beads from New England Biolabs, Magnosphere from JSR Life Sciences, and IMMUTEX. , Streptavidin-Coated Microsphere of Bangs Laboratories, etc.
  • the production of a solid carrier modified with a reactive group can be carried out by any known method.
  • the production of a solid carrier modified with avidin or a derivative thereof is specifically carried out, specifically, for example, by treating a solid carrier having an amino group on the surface with a crosslinker (such as glutaaldehyde) to chemically treat the surface of the solid carrier.
  • a crosslinker such as glutaaldehyde
  • an activated solid carrier with an active functional group (aldehyde group, etc.) and an avidin or a derivative thereof an active functional group (aldehyde group, etc.) on the beads and a functional group on the avidin or a derivative thereof are mixed.
  • a quenching agent glycine or the like
  • the surface of the solid carrier can be biotinylated, and avidin or a derivative thereof can be bound thereto (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-300349).
  • the immobilized material modified via a spacer with a group that reacts with a reactive group can be produced by any known method.
  • a group that reacts with a functional group primary amine (-NH 2 ), sulfhydryl group (-SH), carboxyl group (-COOH), etc.
  • a biotin derivative having the above at one end of the spacer can be reacted with the peptide to form biotinylation.
  • a reactive group such as N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, sulfoNHS ester, or tetrafluorophenyl (TFP) ester is used for a primary amine, and maleimide is used for a sulfhydryl group.
  • a biotin derivative having a reactive group such as a group or an iodoacetyl group can be used.
  • a biological substance having a CH or NH site can be biotinylated by a photochemical reaction with a biotin derivative having a photoreactive group (for example, an aryl azide such as TFPA).
  • a biotin derivative having a photoreactive group for example, an aryl azide such as TFPA
  • the complex of the solid carrier modified with the reactive group and the immobilized substance modified via the spacer with the group that reacts with the reactive group is a group that reacts with the reactive group and the reactive group.
  • a complex of a solid carrier modified with avidin or a derivative thereof and a biotinylated biomaterial via a spacer may be used under conditions where an avidin / biotin interaction occurs (eg, in PBS at 4 ° C.). )
  • Spotting of the complex on the substrate can be achieved, for example, by applying a dispersion liquid of the complex to a predetermined amount of the substrate.
  • a method of spotting with a non-contact dispenser for example, a method of spotting with a micropipette or the like, a method of spotting by a pin method, a method of spotting by a piezoelectric method, or the like can be used.
  • the method of spotting with a non-contact dispenser is preferable because a more accurate amount of the dispersion liquid can be applied to the substrate as compared with a method requiring contact with the substrate such as spotting by a pin method.
  • the non-contact dispenser has a nozzle diameter of 100-2000 times, preferably 150-1000 times, more preferably 200-700 times, particularly 500 times the average maximum diameter of the solid carrier.
  • a nozzle diameter of 100-2000 times preferably 150-1000 times, more preferably 200-700 times, particularly 500 times the average maximum diameter of the solid carrier.
  • the average maximum diameter of the solid carrier is 200 nm
  • a nozzle having a diameter of about 20 to 400 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 to 140 ⁇ m, and particularly 100 ⁇ m can be used.
  • Fixation of the spotted complex to the substrate can be performed by any known method.
  • the complex is fixed to the substrate with a photocrosslinking agent.
  • a photo-cross-linking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule can be used.
  • the photoreactive group contained in the photocrosslinking agent include an azido group (-N 3 ), an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, a diazirine group and the like.
  • the nitrogen radical when the nitrogen molecule is irradiated with light, a nitrogen radical is generated, and the nitrogen radical is bonded not only to a functional group such as an amino group or a carboxyl group but also to a carbon atom constituting an organic compound. It is possible and preferable because it can form a covalent bond with most organic substances.
  • the photocrosslinking agent having an azido group include diazidothrilben.
  • the photocrosslinking agent is preferably water-soluble.
  • water-soluble for a photocrosslinking agent means that an aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.5 mM or more, preferably 2 mM or more can be provided.
  • the biochip of the present invention comprising a hydrophilic reaction area is produced by a step of hydrophilizing the substrate (hereinafter referred to as “step 1-1”) to produce a biochip substrate, and then the substrate for the biochip is produced.
  • step 1-1 a step of hydrophilizing the substrate
  • step 1-1 A step of spotting at least the complex, a photocrosslinking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule, a thickener and / or a surfactant on the biochip substrate, and irradiating the substrate with light (.
  • step 1-2 May include.
  • the biochip of the present invention having a hydrophilic reaction area and a reaction area surrounded by a boundary capable of holding a liquid inside the biochip and the coat layer of the present invention will be taken as an example.
  • Each component of the manufacturing method will be described.
  • Step 1-1 a step of hydrophilizing a substrate
  • step 1-2 A step of spotting at least the complex, a photocrosslinking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule, a thickener and / or a surfactant on the biochip substrate, and irradiating the substrate with light (.
  • step 1-2 May include.
  • Step 1-1 may include a step of hydrophilizing the substrate.
  • the hydrophilization treatment of the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a treatment for hydrophilizing the surface of the substrate.
  • Examples include a method of coating with a polymer.
  • a method of chemically hydrophilizing by plasma treatment, UV-ozone treatment, corona treatment, frame treatment or the like capable of generating an ether group or the like is more preferable, and UV-ozone treatment is particularly preferable.
  • the method for forming the reaction area is not particularly limited, but a method of adhering the rubber composition or a ring previously formed of the resin material to the substrate by using an adhesive or the like, and injection molding of the substrate composed of the resin material. , Various resin molding methods such as vacuum forming, and a method of forming a ring by machine cutting or the like can be used.
  • the adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the test sample or the biochemical reaction, and can be appropriately selected from commercially available adhesives.
  • step 1-2 at least the complex, a photocrosslinking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule, and a thickener and / or a surfactant are placed on the biochip substrate. It may include a step of spotting in a grid pattern and a step of irradiating with light.
  • the biochip of the present invention having a coat layer and a reaction area surrounded by a boundary capable of holding a liquid inside the coat layer.
  • the production is for biochips by a step selected from a step of providing a coat layer on the substrate for preventing non-specific adsorption and immobilizing a biological substance, and a step of forming a boundary on the substrate to provide a reaction area.
  • a substrate is manufactured (hereinafter referred to as "step 2-1"), and then the substrate is manufactured.
  • a step of spotting at least the complex, a photocrosslinking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule, a thickener and / or a surfactant on the biochip substrate, and irradiating with light (Hereinafter referred to as "process 2-2"), May include.
  • Step 2-1 is a step selected from a step of providing a coat layer for preventing non-specific adsorption on the substrate and immobilizing a biological substance, and a step of forming a boundary on the substrate and providing a reaction area. May include. If the steps selected from the above are included, the order of the steps can be arbitrarily changed. Further, a step of surface-treating the substrate may be included before the step of providing the coat layer.
  • the surface treatment method in the step of applying the surface treatment to the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it improves the adhesion between the substrate and the coat layer.
  • known surface modification methods such as plasma treatment, UV ozone treatment, and corona treatment can be mentioned.
  • Known methods for forming a coat layer for preventing non-specific adsorption to a substrate and immobilizing a biological substance include spin coating, coating, spraying, and immersion in a coating solution of a coating solution containing a water-soluble polymer.
  • the coating liquid can be prepared by dissolving a water-soluble polymer in a solvent.
  • the solvent water, a lower alcohol that mixes with water at an arbitrary ratio, or a mixture thereof can be used.
  • the lower alcohol methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are preferable. Above all, it is preferable to use a mixed solvent of ethanol and water as the solvent.
  • the concentration of the polymer in the coating liquid is not particularly limited, but the concentration of the polymer is, for example, 0.0001 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.001 to 1 part by mass, and the concentration of the photocrosslinking agent is, for example, the polymer. On the other hand, it can be 1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass.
  • the coating liquid containing the polymer preferably contains a photocrosslinking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule.
  • the "photoreactive group” means a group that generates radicals by irradiating with light.
  • the photocrosslinking agent can form a covalent bond with an amino group, a carboxyl group, a carbon atom constituting an organic compound, or the like by generating a radical of a photoreactive group by irradiation with light.
  • a photoreactive group and / or a group capable of covalent bond or coordination bond with the surface of the substrate is introduced into the polymer without using the photocrosslinking agent or together with the photocrosslinking agent. Therefore, it is also possible to bond the substrate to the polymer by utilizing the group of the polymer.
  • the water-soluble polymer and the photocrosslinking agent contained in the coat layer of the present invention are known by themselves, can be produced by a known production method, and are commercially available.
  • the film thickness of the coat layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
  • the coat layer it is preferable to stabilize the coat layer by coating the coat layer as described above and then aging under constant temperature and humidity conditions.
  • the temperature is preferably 5 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 30 ° C, and particularly preferably about 25 ° C.
  • Humidity is preferably 40% to 80%, more preferably 50% to 70%, and particularly preferably about 60%.
  • the aging period is preferably 1 day to 2 months, more preferably 3 days to 1 month, and particularly preferably 5 days to 2 weeks.
  • the method for forming a boundary on the substrate is not particularly limited, but a method of adhering a ring previously formed from the rubber composition or the resin material to the substrate using an adhesive or the like, or a substrate made of the resin material can be used.
  • Various resin molding methods such as injection molding and vacuum molding, and a method of molding a ring by machine cutting or the like can be used.
  • the adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the test sample or the biochemical reaction, and can be appropriately selected from commercially available adhesives.
  • step 2-2 at least the complex, a photocrosslinking agent having at least two photoreactive groups in one molecule, and a thickener and / or a surfactant are placed on the biochip substrate. It may include a step of spotting in a grid pattern, a step of irradiating with light, and a step of removing unreacted components.
  • the complex and the photocrosslinking agent are dispersed or dissolved in a solution.
  • the solution is not particularly limited, but a known buffer solution can be used.
  • the buffer composition may include PBS buffer, HEPES buffer, Tris buffer, MES buffer and the like. It is preferable to use a HEPES buffer solution because the complex can be dispersed well.
  • a solution in which the complex and the photocrosslinking agent are dispersed or dissolved may be referred to as a stamping solution.
  • the concentration of the immobilized substance and the complex is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to react the immobilized substance with a solid carrier at 0.5 mg / mL to 50 mg / mL, and more preferably 1 mg / mL to 25 mg / mL.
  • the complex is preferably used at 1 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, more preferably 2.5 mg / mL to 7.5 mg / mL.
  • the concentration of the photocrosslinking agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mg / mL to 1 g / mL, more preferably 0.2 mg / mL to 0.2 g / mL.
  • the solution in which the complex and the photocrosslinking agent are dispersed or dissolved in the solution further contains a thickener and / or a surfactant.
  • a thickener By including a thickener, the size of the spot can be adjusted when the solution is spotted on the substrate. More specifically, the higher the concentration of the thickener in the solution, the smaller the spot size (contact area with the substrate) tends to be when the same volume of solution is spotted.
  • a surfactant it is possible to prevent the complex from accumulating at the gas-liquid interface and localizing the complex at the spot to the edge of the spot.
  • the surfactant also contributes to the improvement of the affinity with the substrate, and the higher the concentration of the surfactant in the solution, the larger the spot size (contact area with the substrate) when the same volume of solution is spotted. It tends to grow. Therefore, by adjusting the concentrations of the thickener and the surfactant, a stamp of any size can be formed.
  • the thickener is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the test sample or biochemical reaction, and a commercially available thickener can be used.
  • examples thereof include cellulose-based compounds and derivatives thereof, polysaccharides, vinyl-based compounds, vinylidene-based compounds, polyglycol-based compounds, polyvinyl alcohol-based compounds, polyalkylene oxide-based compounds, and specifically, gellan gum, xanthan gum, and curd.
  • the concentration of the thickener is not particularly limited, but when polyvinyl alcohol is used, for example, it is preferably 0.01 part by weight to 1 part by weight, and 0.02 part by weight to 0.5 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solution. Parts are more preferable, and 0.03 parts by weight to 0.3 parts by weight are particularly preferable.
  • the surfactant is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the test sample or the biochemical reaction, and a commercially available nonionic surfactant can be used, and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl can be used.
  • Ether Triton X-100
  • Polyoxyethylene (8) octylphenyl ether Triton X-114
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Tween20
  • Polyoxyethylene ( 23) Lauryl ether [Brij35], polyoxyethylene (20) lauryl ether [Brij58], Pluronic F-68, PEG, etc., or a mixture of two or more thereof can be used, and Triton It is preferable to use one or more selected from X-100, Tween 20, and Tween 80, and it is more preferable to use Tween 20.
  • the concentration of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but for example, when Tween 20 is used, it is preferably 0.001 part by weight to 1 part by weight, preferably 0.005 part by weight to 0.5 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solution. Is more preferable, and 0.01 part by weight to 0.3 part by weight is particularly preferable.
  • the viscosity of the stamp liquid is not particularly limited as long as it forms a spot having a desired shape, but is, for example, 0.4 mPa ⁇ s to 40 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 0.5 mPa / s to 10 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C. , More preferably 0.6 mPa ⁇ s to 4 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 0.8 mPa ⁇ s to 2 mPa ⁇ s, especially about 1.3 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the viscosity of the stamp liquid is 0.6 mPa / s to 10 mPa ⁇ s, 0.8 mPa ⁇ s to 4 mPa ⁇ s, 1.0 mPa ⁇ s to 2 mPa ⁇ s, 1.12 mPa ⁇ s to 2 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
  • the method of spotting the complex and the photocrosslinking agent on the substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, the above-mentioned method can be used for the production method of the present invention.
  • the diameter of the spot can be set as described above for the biochip of the present invention.
  • Immobilization of the complex can be performed by applying the complex to a substrate, preferably drying the spotted solution, and then irradiating with light.
  • the light may be any light as long as the photoreactive group used can generate a radical, and in particular, when an azido group is used as the photoreactive group, ultraviolet rays (for example, a wavelength of 10 to 400 nm) are preferable.
  • the irradiation time can be, for example, 10 seconds to 120 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 60 minutes, and more preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes. Since the complex is rapidly immobilized by irradiation, the irradiation time is almost equal to the time required for immobilization.
  • the dose of the light beam to be irradiated is not particularly limited, but is usually about 1 mW to 100 mW per 1 cm 2 .
  • a photoreactive group contained in the photocrosslinking agent (and, if the polymer has a photoreactive group, the photoreactive group) generates a radical, and photocrosslinks the polymer layer and the complex. It can be bound via an agent.
  • the substrate can be washed by a known method to remove unreacted components and the like, but such washing is not essential, and the product is commercialized with the stamp liquid remaining. May be good.
  • a biochip on which the desired substance to be immobilized is immobilized can be obtained.
  • the spots of the biochip may have immobilized complexes as well as components of the stamping solution such as thickeners and / or surfactants.
  • the residue of the stamp liquid can be appropriately washed and removed before the use of the biochip.
  • a material set for producing the biochip of the present invention including a substrate.
  • Each component in the material set of the present invention is as described above for the biochip of the present invention.
  • the material set of the present invention is a material for a stamp liquid used when spotting a composite on a substrate (for example, a cross-linking agent for fixing the composite on the substrate (for example, a photo-crossing agent as described above)).
  • a biochip having a desired layout can be produced.
  • site information eg, URL, 2D code
  • instructions for manufacturing the biochip of the invention eg, instructions for use, and information on how to use.
  • It may include a medium (for example, a flexible disc, a CD, a DVD, a Blu-ray disc, a memory card, a USB memory) or the like on which information on the usage method is recorded.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for detecting a target substance by biochip.
  • One aspect of the detection method of the present invention is (1a) A step of providing the biochip of the present invention in which the substrate is surface-treated with a blocking agent, or (1b) a blocking agent in the biochip of the present invention in which the substrate is not surface-treated with a blocking agent.
  • the process of making (2) A step of contacting the complex in the biochip with a test sample that may contain a target substance that interacts with the substance to be fixed.
  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting a target substance, including.
  • the step of applying the blocking agent is not limited, for example, the blocking agent is applied to the spots disposed on the biochip, reacted for a predetermined time, and then the spots are washed to remove the unreacted blocking agent. This can be achieved.
  • the blocking agent is as described above for the biochip of the present invention, and biotin may be contained in the embodiment in which avidin or a derivative thereof is used as the reactive group.
  • the target substance is not particularly limited as long as it can interact with the immobilized substance bound to the complex, such as antibodies, antigens, enzymes, hormones, proteins such as cytokines, nucleic acid molecules such as RNA and DNA, and sugars. Examples include chains.
  • the test sample is typically one that may contain a target substance and is not limited to, for example, blood, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, nasal discharge, ascites, etc.
  • a target substance such as an antibody, blood, plasma, serum or the like can be used as the test sample.
  • the test sample is applied to a spot disposed on the biochip, reacted for a predetermined time (for example, several minutes to several hours), and then the spot is washed and not yet. This can be achieved by removing the target substance of the reaction and the like.
  • the test sample may be diluted and used as needed.
  • the detection reagent acting on the biochip is not particularly limited as long as it can detect the target substance bound to the substance to be immobilized, and includes, for example, a substance having a detectable label and reacting with the target substance.
  • a substance having a detectable label and reacting with the target substance any substance known to bind to the target substance can be used without limitation.
  • the target substance is a protein
  • the antibody specific to the protein or the ligand of the protein reacts with the target substance
  • the target substance is a nucleic acid molecule
  • the nucleic acid molecule that hybridizes with the nucleic acid molecule reacts with the target substance. It is included in the substance to be used.
  • the label attached to the substance that reacts with the target substance is not particularly limited as long as it is detectable, and examples thereof include fluorescent substances, luminescent substances, enzymes, and radioisotopes.
  • the detection of the target substance may differ depending on the detection reagent used. For example, when a substance that binds to the target substance with a label attached to the detection reagent is used as the detection reagent, the label bound to the target substance is detected. Can be done by The detection of the label can be performed by various known methods corresponding to the label. For example, when the label is an enzyme, the label can be detected by allowing a luminescent substance or a color-developing substance that reacts with the enzyme to act and measuring the luminescence intensity and the absorbance. The detection may be qualitative or quantitative.
  • a labeled monoclonal antibody specific for the target substance can be used as the detection reagent.
  • a monoclonal antibody By using a monoclonal antibody, it is possible to suppress the binding of the antibody to an undesired site as compared with the polyclonal antibody, and it is possible to increase the SN ratio at the time of detection.
  • an HRP-labeled substance such as an HRP-labeled antibody, can be used as the detection reagent.
  • HRP as a label, for example, a higher emission intensity than ALP can be obtained, whereby a sample having a high dilution ratio can be used. As a result, the influence of impurities contained in the sample can be reduced, and the SN ratio can be improved.
  • an HRP-labeled monoclonal antibody specific for the target substance can be used as the detection reagent.
  • the detection method of the present invention is also described in step (1b) when the biochip has not undergone a washing step or a blocking treatment after immobilizing the complex and the components of the stamping solution remain on the substrate. It may include a step of cleaning the biochip prior.
  • Another aspect of the detection method of the present invention is (1a) A step of providing a biochip whose substrate has been surface-treated with a blocking agent, or (1b) a step of allowing a blocking agent to act on a biochip whose substrate has not been surface-treated with a blocking agent.
  • the peptide is biotinylated via a spacer
  • the biochip has two or more spots, and the coefficient of variation of the volume of the complex between the spots is less than 11.8%.
  • the blocking agent contains biotin or a derivative thereof.
  • the detection reagent contains a monoclonal antibody specific for the target substance, and (5) the detection reagent contains an HRP-labeled antibody specific for the target substance. Has one or more features selected from.
  • the combination of features is not particularly limited and may include, for example, the following combinations: (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3). ), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5), (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1) , 2, 5), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 4, 5), (3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 4), (2) 3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
  • (1, 2) means a combination of the feature (1) and the feature (2).
  • the feature (1) mainly reduces the inhibition of the interaction between the non-immobilized substance and the target substance, and the feature (2) mainly increases the uniformity of the reaction intensity of the spot, and the features (3) and (4).
  • the SN ratio is mainly improved by (5), the characteristics of the detection method can be customized by combining these characteristics.
  • the detection method of the present invention (1a) A substrate in which two or more spots containing a complex of a solid carrier modified with avidin or a derivative thereof and a peptide biotinylated via a spacer is arranged on the surface is provided, and biotin or biotin or a substrate thereof is used. A step of providing a biotin that has been surface treated with a blocking agent containing the derivative and has a variation coefficient of volume of the complex between spots of less than 11.8%, or (1b) having the substrate.
  • the biochip comprises a step of allowing an HRP-labeled monoclonal antibody specific to the target antibody to act on the biochip.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for inspecting the health condition of a subject using the biochip of the present invention, and a method for inspecting or diagnosing a disease in the subject.
  • the method for inspecting the health condition of a subject using the biochip of the present invention is (I) A step of providing the above-mentioned biochip containing a substance that reacts with a target substance as an immobilized substance, (Ii) a step of reacting the biochip with a biological sample derived from a target, and (iii) a step of detecting a reaction between the immobilized substance and a target substance contained in the biological sample. The detection or non-detection of the reaction provides information about the health condition of the subject.
  • Examples of the information on the health state include fatigue, stress, nutritional state, etc.
  • examples of the target substance include biological substances related to these information, such as proteins, nucleic acid molecules, sugar chains, etc., and immobilization.
  • examples of the substance include substances that react with these biological substances, such as antigens, antibodies, antibody mimetics, aptamers, lectins, polynucleotides, nucleic acid mimetics, enzymes, and substrates. Biomarkers that are indicators of fatigue, stress, nutritional status, etc. are known.
  • the method for inspecting or diagnosing a disease in a subject using the biochip of the present invention (I) A step of providing the above-mentioned biochip containing a substance that reacts with a target substance as an immobilized substance, (Ii) a step of reacting the biochip with a biological sample derived from a target, and (iii) a step of detecting a reaction between the immobilized substance and a target substance contained in the biological sample.
  • the detection or non-detection of the reaction indicates the presence or absence of a disease in the subject.
  • Diseases include diseases that can be tested and diagnosed by detecting substances in biological samples, and are not limited to, for example, allergic diseases, endocrine diseases, infectious diseases, diseases associated with genetic abnormalities, and inflammatory diseases.
  • the target substance include biological substances related to these diseases, for example, proteins, nucleic acid molecules, sugar chains, etc.
  • examples of the immobilized substance include substances that react with these target substances, such as antigens, antibodies, and antibodies.
  • Examples include mimetics, aptamers, lectins, polynucleotides, nucleic acid mimetics, enzymes, substrates and the like.
  • Various disease markers such as tumor markers, infectious disease markers, genetic disease markers, endocrine disease markers, and inflammation markers are known.
  • the biochip of the present invention has the above-mentioned uses, that is, detection of a target substance, examination of a subject's health condition (eg, fatigue, stress, nutritional status, etc.), disease in the subject (eg, allergic disease, endocrine disease, etc.). It can be used for inspection or diagnosis of infectious diseases, diseases associated with genetic abnormalities, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, neoplastic diseases, etc.). It is preferable that the biochip of the present invention for use in each of the above-mentioned uses is immobilized with a substance to be immobilized suitable for each use.
  • kits containing the biochip for use in said detection, testing and diagnostic applications have the above-mentioned uses, that is, detection of a target substance, examination of a subject's health condition (eg, fatigue, stress, nutritional status, etc.), disease in the subject (eg, allergic disease, endocrine disease, infection). It can be used for the examination or diagnosis of diseases, diseases associated with genetic abnormalities, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, neoplastic diseases, etc.).
  • the kit of the present invention comprises the biochip of the present invention, preferably the biochip of the present invention containing an immobilized substance suitable for each of the above-mentioned uses.
  • the kit of the present invention contains a reagent for detecting the reaction between the immobilized substance and the target substance contained in the biological sample, and a blocking agent (avidin or a derivative thereof as a reactive group).
  • a blocking agent avidin or a derivative thereof as a reactive group.
  • it preferably contains biotin or a derivative thereof), a standard sample, instructions indicating how to use the kit, etc., for example, instructions for use, and information on the site including information on the method of use (for example,). It may include a medium (for example, a flexible disk, a CD, a DVD, a Blu-ray disk, a memory card, a USB memory) or the like on which information about a usage method is recorded (URL, two-dimensional code).
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a system for performing these measuring methods, testing methods and / or diagnostic methods, including the biochip of the present invention and a measuring device for a detection reagent.
  • the measuring device for the detection reagent may differ depending on the detection reagent, and examples thereof include an absorbance meter and a spectrophotometer.
  • the system of the present invention may include a user interface, an output device, a communication interface, a controller, a power supply, and the like.
  • Example 1 Manufacture of a substrate for a biochip (1)> 2 minutes at an irradiation distance of 50 mm using a UV-ozone irradiation device (Sen Special Light Source, SSP16-110, UV lamp: SUV110GS-36L) on a polycarbonate sheet (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, MR58U, thickness 0.8 mm) Irradiated.
  • a UV-ozone irradiation device SSP16-110, UV lamp: SUV110GS-36L
  • a polycarbonate sheet Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, MR58U, thickness 0.8 mm
  • stamp liquid (1) Preparation of stamp liquid (1)> Sodium chloride is 0.8 parts by weight, potassium chloride is 0.02 parts by weight, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate is 0.29 parts by weight, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.02 parts by weight. Each was dissolved in ultrapure water to obtain a PBS solution. 4- (2-Hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid was dissolved in ultrapure water so as to be 0.59 parts by weight to obtain a HEPES solution.
  • the biotinylated peptide 2 in which the terminal of the peptide was biotinylated via an aminohexyl (Ahx) group (spacer) was reacted with Streptavidin beads (manufactured by Tamagawa Seiki Co., Ltd.) in a PBS solution at 4 ° C for 1.5 hours. It was purified and dispersed in a solvent for a stamp solution to obtain a stamp solution 1 (containing a biotinylated peptide 1) and a stamp solution 2 (containing a biotinylated peptide 2).
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the biotinylated peptide 2 immobilized on the beads. The structures of biotinylated peptides 1 and 2 are shown below.
  • the stamp liquid 1 includes a stamp liquid 1A containing peptide A, a stamp liquid 1B containing peptide B, and the like.
  • Example 3 Production of biochip (1)> Bisazid was dissolved in ultrapure water to prepare a 10 mg / mL bisazid solution. The 10 mg / mL bisazide solution was diluted 5-fold (bisazido solution A) or 5000-fold (bisazido solution B). The bisazido solution B was dissolved in the stamp liquids 1 and 2 so as to be 4.8 parts by weight. A total of 81 stamped liquids were applied to the biochip substrate prepared in Example 1 using a pin-type stamper (Geneqs, Genex Arrayer) or a non-contact dispensing machine (BioDot, non-contact micro-dispensing system AD1520).
  • a pin-type stamper Geneqs, Genex Arrayer
  • BioDot, non-contact micro-dispensing system AD1520 BioDot, non-contact micro-dispensing system AD1520.
  • the spots were spotted at 10 nL by a grid point type multi-point dispensing spot method so as to have a size of 9 ⁇ 9.
  • the diameter of the spots was 0.21 to 0.63 mm (stamper: 214.4 to 397.0 ⁇ m, non-contact dispenser: 605.1 to 632.4 ⁇ m), and the distance between the spots was about 1.1 mm.
  • After the spot it was dried at 0.09 MPa for 10 minutes using a vacuum dryer. After drying, in order to immobilize the beads with a photocrosslinking agent, the beads were irradiated at 4 mW / cm 2 for 10 minutes using a UV irradiation device (CL-1000 manufactured by UVP) to obtain biochips 1 to 3.
  • the peptides and spot methods used for each biochip are shown in the table below.
  • Example 4 Measurement using a chip (1)> Using the biochip produced in Example 3, IgE antibody was measured in casein-positive human serum (PlasmaLab). Biochip reaction area is a biochip-free protein-free blocking agent (blocking agent 1, PVDF Blocking Reagent for Can Get Signal (Toyobo Co., Ltd., NYPBR01)) or a biochip-containing protein-free blocking agent (blocking agent 2, PVDF Blocking Reagent). After adding 0.02 wt% biotin added to for Can Get Signal and blocking at room temperature (23 ° C to 27 ° C) for 1 hour, TBS-T solution (137 mM sodium chloride, 2.68 mM potassium chloride).
  • secondary antibody ALP-labeled anti-human IgE polyclonal antibody (SeraCare Life Sciences, 0751-1004), ALP-labeled, diluted 2000-fold with Can Get Signal Immunoreaction Enhancer Solution 2 (Toyo Spinning Co., Ltd., NKB-301)
  • 130 ⁇ L of an anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody (Abcam, ab99805) or an HRP-labeled anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody was added and reacted at room temperature for 4 minutes while shaking. The antibody was removed by suction and washed with TBS-T.
  • Luminescent reagent (Dynalight Substrate with Rapid Glow Enhancer for the group on which the ALP-labeled secondary antibody was applied, 4475406 manufactured by Molecular Probes, Western BLoT Hyper HRP Substrate for the group on which the HRP-labeled secondary antibody was applied. , Takara Bio, T7103A) is added, shaken for 1 minute, and then the number of pixels of the light emitting part is counted using the Spot Solver manufactured by Dynacom and the Image J manufactured by NIH with the part where no spot exists as the background. The emission intensity was measured and the SN ratio was calculated. The outline of the experimental group is shown in Table 3, and the measurement results of the emission intensity are shown in FIGS. 9 to 14 and Tables 4 to 7. In addition, Table 8 shows the results of a five-step evaluation of the uniformity of emission intensity between spots, the SN ratio, and the reduction of inhibition of the interaction between the immobilized substance and the target substance for each experimental group.
  • the evaluation was based on the number of spots in which light emission of 1000 times or more was observed and the type of non-immobilized substance fixed to the spots. For example, in FIG. 12, the spot surrounded by the dotted line in the left photo is expected to emit light originally from the light emission status of the spot surrounded by the solid line in the left and right photographs, but no light emission is actually observed. rice field.
  • the types of the spotted peptides may differ between the experimental groups, they are made to be the same among the experimental groups used for the same comparative experiment.
  • the types of peptides used in both experimental groups are the same, but the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3 in the comparative experiment between the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 are used.
  • the type of peptide used in Experiment Group 2 in the comparative experiment of is different.
  • the effect of the invention shown in each comparative experiment was not affected by the type of peptide.
  • the spot by the non-contact dispenser mainly increased the uniformity of the emission intensity
  • the use of the spacer mainly reduced the inhibition of the interaction
  • the use of the blocking agent containing biotin mainly improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Example 5 Production of a substrate for a biochip (2)>
  • Biochip substrate A A biochip substrate A was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • Biochip substrate B A polystyrene plate (manufactured by Kosha, PS2032-1, thickness 1.0 mm) is used instead of the polycarbonate sheet, and 2-methacryloyloxyphosphorylcholine is used in a 99.5% ethanol solution instead of the polymer of polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate.
  • Example 1 except that a non-specific adsorbent in which a polymer containing (MPC) as a main component (manufactured by NOF Corporation, LIPIDURE (R) -CR2001) was dissolved so as to form a 0.5 polymerized portion was used as a coating solution. Similarly, a substrate B for a biochip was obtained. (3) Biochip substrate C Same as Example 1 except that a polyethylene terephthalate film (Acrylic Sunday, Sunday PET, thickness 1.0 mm) was used instead of the polycarbonate sheet, and the same coating liquid as that of the biochip substrate B was used. A biochip substrate C was obtained.
  • MPC polymer containing
  • R LIPIDURE
  • Biochip substrate D A biochip substrate D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polymethyl methacrylate plate (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, Delagrass A) was used instead of the polycarbonate sheet and the coating step was not performed.
  • Biochip substrate E The biochip substrate E was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polystyrene plate (manufactured by Kosha, PS2032-1, thickness 1.0 mm) was used instead of the polycarbonate sheet and the coating process was not performed. Obtained.
  • Biochip substrate F A biochip substrate F in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene terephthalate film (manufactured by Acrylic Sunday, Sunday PET, thickness 1.0 mm) was used instead of the polycarbonate sheet and no coating step was performed.
  • a polyethylene terephthalate film manufactured by Acrylic Sunday, Sunday PET, thickness 1.0 mm
  • Example 6 Production of biochip and measurement using it (2)> Other than using the biochip substrates A to F prepared in Example 5 as the biochip substrate, the non-contact dispenser (BioDot, non-contact micro-dispensing system AD1520) as the spot method, and the stamp solution 2 as the stamp solution. Obtained biochips A to F in the same manner as in Example 3. Emission intensity of each biochip is the same as in Example 4 except that biochips A to F are used, blocking agent 2 is used as a blocking agent, and ALP-labeled anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody (Abcam, ab99805) is used as a secondary antibody. Was measured. The results are shown in FIG. In all of the biochips A to F, good measurement results were obtained as in the experimental group 5 of Example 4. In addition, better results were obtained when a substrate having a coated layer was used as compared with a substrate having no coated layer.

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