WO2022049780A1 - 銑鉄製造方法 - Google Patents
銑鉄製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022049780A1 WO2022049780A1 PCT/JP2020/036957 JP2020036957W WO2022049780A1 WO 2022049780 A1 WO2022049780 A1 WO 2022049780A1 JP 2020036957 W JP2020036957 W JP 2020036957W WO 2022049780 A1 WO2022049780 A1 WO 2022049780A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reduced iron
- iron
- layer
- blast furnace
- molded body
- Prior art date
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- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 264
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 37
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2300/00—Process aspects
- C21B2300/02—Particular sequence of the process steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2300/00—Process aspects
- C21B2300/04—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pig iron manufacturing method.
- the first layer containing the ore raw material and the second layer containing the coke are alternately laminated in the blast furnace, and the auxiliary fuel is blown into the blast furnace by the hot air blown from the tuyere to reduce and dissolve the ore raw material. Therefore, a method for producing pig iron is known.
- the coke serves as a heat source for melting the ore raw material, a reducing material for the ore raw material, a carburizing material for carburizing into molten iron to lower the melting point, and a spacer for ensuring air permeability in the blast furnace. Is playing.
- the loading of the charged material is stabilized and the blast furnace is operated stably.
- the present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pig iron manufacturing method capable of reducing the amount of coke used while maintaining stable operation of a blast furnace.
- the pig iron production method is a pig iron production method for producing pig iron using a blast furnace having a tuyere, the first layer containing an ore raw material and the second layer containing coke in the blast furnace.
- the hot air is provided with a step of alternately laminating the above-mentioned layers and a step of reducing and melting the laminated ore raw material of the first layer while blowing auxiliary fuel into the blast furnace by the hot air blown from the tuyere.
- An aggregate for ventilating to the center of the blast furnace is mixed in the first layer, and the aggregate contains a reduced iron molded body obtained by compression-molding reduced iron.
- the first layer containing the ore raw material contains a reduced iron molded body obtained by compression-molding reduced iron as an aggregate. Since the reduced iron molded body facilitates the passage of hot air during the softening and fusion of the first layer in the melting step, the pig iron production method requires a small amount of coke to ensure air permeability. Therefore, by using the pig iron production method, it is possible to reduce the amount of coke used while maintaining stable operation of the blast furnace.
- the "center” of the blast furnace refers to a region where the distance from the center is 0.2R or less, where R is the radius of the furnace mouth.
- the amount of the reduced iron molded body charged is 100 kg or more per ton of pig iron, the ratio of the average particle size of the reduced iron molded body to the average particle size of the ore raw material is 1.3 or more, and the reduced iron molding.
- the aeration resistance index after the tumbler rotation test of the body is preferably 0.1 or less.
- the "ventilation resistance index after the tumbler rotation test" of the reduced iron molded body is calculated as follows. First, a tumbler rotation test is performed according to a method for measuring the rotational strength of iron ore (JIS-M8712: 2000), and the particle size distribution by sieving the reduced iron molded body is obtained. This particle size distribution is represented by the representative particle size (median) between the sieved meshes as di [cm] and the weight fraction of the reduced iron compact belonging to the representative particle size di as wi . .. Using this particle size distribution, the harmonic mean diameter D p [cm] and the particle size composition index I sp are calculated by the following equation 1.
- the draft resistance index K is obtained by the following equation 1 using the gravity conversion coefficient g c [9.807 (g ⁇ cm) / (G ⁇ sec 2 )].
- the rotation condition of the tumbler in the tumbler rotation test is 24 ⁇ 1 rpm and 600 rotations.
- the basicity of the reduced iron molded product is 0.9 or more.
- the shrinkage start temperature of the reduced iron molded body is raised, so that the shrinkage amount of the first layer is suppressed. Therefore, the air permeability of the fusion zone is improved, and the hot air can be reliably ventilated to the center of the blast furnace. Therefore, the amount of coke used can be reduced.
- Basis refers to the ratio of the mass of CaO to the mass of SiO 2 .
- the reduced iron molded body contains aluminum oxide, and the content of the aluminum oxide in the reduced iron molded body is 1.5% by mass or less.
- Aluminum oxide increases the viscosity of slag and deteriorates the drip property of slag. Therefore, by setting the content of aluminum oxide in the reduced iron molded product to the above upper limit or less, it is possible to prevent an increase in the amount of coke used.
- the content of the reduced iron molded product in the first layer is preferably 30% by mass or less. Since the reduced iron compact is larger than the ore raw material and has a large individual weight, it is easy to separate and segregate when it is charged into the blast furnace together with the ore raw material. By setting the content of the reduced iron molded product to the above upper limit or less, this separation and segregation can be suppressed. Therefore, since the reduced iron compact exists relatively uniformly up to the center of the blast furnace, the aggregate effect is exhibited in the fusion zone, and the hot air can be reliably ventilated to the center of the blast furnace. Become. Therefore, the amount of coke used can be reduced.
- the ore raw material contains iron ore pellets having a porosity of 21% or more in coarse open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more.
- the reduction rate of the ore raw material can be increased, so that the amount of coke used can be further increased. Can be reduced.
- porosity of coarse open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more refers to the ratio of the volume of coarse open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more to the apparent volume of iron ore pellets, and is a mercury intrusion type.
- a step of charging a mixture of coke and a reduced iron molded body into the center of the blast furnace is provided, and the ratio of the reduced iron molded body having a particle size of 5 mm or more to 90% by mass or more in the reduced iron molded body in the mixture is provided. It is preferable that the content of the reduced iron compact in the mixture is 75% by mass or less.
- the hot air reaches the center of the blast furnace, it rises in this center.
- a part of the reduced iron molded body is crushed into powder by a transport process or the like. Since such powder reduces the air permeability in the blast furnace, it is not suitable to use it as the first layer. Moreover, since this powder has a large specific surface area, it reoxidizes to iron oxide. Breathability can be improved by blowing the auxiliary fuel containing iron oxide from the tuyere.
- the reduced iron molded body can be effectively used. It is possible to improve the air permeability in the blast furnace.
- the pig iron production method of the present invention can reduce the amount of coke used while maintaining stable operation of the blast furnace.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a pig iron production method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the inside of the blast furnace used in the pig iron manufacturing method of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic partially enlarged view of the vicinity of the drip zone from the fusion zone of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a pig iron production method according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is different from FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the inside of the blast furnace used in the pig iron manufacturing method of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a pig iron production method according to still another embodiment of the present invention, which is different from FIGS. 1 and 4.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a pig iron production method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the inside of the blast furnace used in the pig iron manufacturing method of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic partially enlarged view of the vicinity of the
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the treatment performed at the tuyere in the melting step of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the large load reduction experimental furnace used in the examples.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the temperature profile for heating the sample packed bed in the example in which the maximum pressure drop shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 was investigated.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the sample packed bed and the flow rate of the supplied gas in the examples in which the maximum pressure drop shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 was investigated.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the HBI particle size ratio and the maximum pressure drop in the examples.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the HBI charge amount and the maximum pressure drop in the examples.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the basicity of HBI and the maximum pressure drop in the examples.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the Al 2 O 3 content of HBI and the maximum pressure drop in the examples.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device used in the examples.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the HBI content and the ore deposition inclination angle ⁇ in the example when the size of the iron plate is 20 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4 mm.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the HBI content and the ore deposition inclination angle ⁇ in the example when the size of the iron plate is 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4 mm.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the temperature profile for heating the sample packed bed in the example in which the reduction rate was investigated.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the sample packed bed and the flow rate of the supplied gas in the example in which the reduction rate was investigated.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between the porosity and the reduction rate of coarsely open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more in the examples.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the relationship between the HBI content of the central layer and the maximum pressure drop in the examples.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of HBI blown and the amount of pressure drop change in the examples.
- the pig iron production method shown in FIG. 1 is a pig iron production method for producing pig iron using the blast furnace 1 shown in FIG. 2, and includes a laminating step S1 and a melting step S2.
- the blast furnace 1 has a tuyere 1a provided in the lower part of the furnace and an ironing port 1b. A plurality of tuyere 1a are usually provided.
- the blast furnace 1 is a solid-air countercurrent type shaft furnace, and hot air obtained by adding hot air with high temperature or normal temperature oxygen as needed to high temperature air is blown into the furnace from the tuyere 1a to form the ore raw material 11 described later. Pig iron can be taken out from the hot metal outlet 1b by performing a series of reactions such as reduction and melting.
- the blast furnace 1 is equipped with a bell armor type raw material charging device 2. The raw material charging device 2 will be described later.
- the laminating step S1 As shown in FIG. 2, the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 are alternately laminated in the blast furnace 1. That is, the number of layers of the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 is 2 or more, respectively.
- the first layer 10 contains the ore raw material 11. Further, the aggregate 12 is mixed in the first layer 10.
- the ore raw material 11 refers to ores that are raw materials for iron, and mainly contains iron ore.
- the ore raw material 11 include calcined ore (iron ore pellets, sinter), lump ore, carbonaceous interior lump ore, and metal.
- the ore raw material 11 is heated and reduced by the hot air blown from the tuyere 1a in the melting step S2 to become hot metal.
- the reduced iron molded body contained in the aggregate 12 described later can also be an iron raw material, but the reduced iron molded body is not included in the ore raw material 11 in the present specification.
- auxiliary raw materials such as limestone, dolomite, and silica stone may be charged together in the first layer 10.
- the aggregate 12 is for improving the air permeability of the fusion zone D, which will be described later, and allowing the hot air to be ventilated to the center of the blast furnace 1.
- the aggregate 12 contains a reduced iron molded product (HBI, Hot Briquette Iron) obtained by compression molding reduced iron.
- HBI is obtained by molding reduced iron DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) in a hot state. While DRI has a high porosity and has a drawback of oxidative heat generation during marine transportation and outdoor storage, HBI has a low porosity and is difficult to reoxidize.
- DRI Direct Reduced Iron
- the aggregate 12 After ensuring the air permeability of the first layer 10, the aggregate 12 functions as a metal and becomes a hot metal. Since the aggregate 12 has a high metallization rate and does not need to be reduced, it does not require much reducing material when it becomes the hot metal. Therefore, CO 2 emissions can be reduced.
- the "metallization rate” means the ratio [mass%] of metallic iron to the total iron content.
- the lower limit of the charge amount of the reduced iron molded body is 100 kg per ton of pig iron, and 150 kg is more preferable. If the amount of the reduced iron molded product charged is less than the above lower limit, the function of ensuring the air permeability of the aggregate 12 in the fusion zone D may not sufficiently work in the melting step S2.
- the upper limit of the charge amount of the reduced iron molded body is appropriately determined within the range where the aggregate is excessive and the aggregate effect is not reduced, but the upper limit of the charged amount of the reduced iron molded body is, for example, 1 ton of pig iron. It is said to be 700 kg per hit.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the average particle size of the reduced iron molded body to the average particle size of the ore raw material 11 is 1.3, more preferably 1.4.
- a part of the ore raw material 11 of the first layer 10 is melted and moved to the lower part of the blast furnace 1 as a dropping slag 13, and even when the ore raw material 11 is softened and shrunk, the above-mentioned reduction of the high melting point is achieved.
- the iron molded body does not soften.
- the reduced iron molded body larger than a certain level is mixed with the ore raw material 11 as the aggregate 12, the aggregate effect of the reduced iron molded body is likely to be exhibited, and the entire first layer 10 can be prevented from shrinking. ..
- the ratio of the average particle size to the lower limit or more, the flow path of hot air as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3 can be secured, and the air permeability in the melting step S2 can be improved.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the average diameter 10 is preferable, and 5 is more preferable. If the ratio of the average diameter exceeds the upper limit, it becomes difficult to uniformly mix the reduced iron molded body with the first layer 10, and segregation may increase.
- the upper limit of the aeration resistance index after the tumbler rotation test of the reduced iron molded product is 0.1, more preferably 0.08.
- the reduced iron molded product is transported differently from a factory that is generally manufactured and a factory that is used. If a reduced iron compact whose volume is broken and the particle size distribution is changed during this period is used, there is a possibility that the air permeability in the massive band E, which will be described later, may be lowered in the blast furnace operation. On the other hand, by using a reduced iron molded body in which the ventilation resistance index is guaranteed to be below a certain value even after the tumbler rotation test, volume destruction can be suppressed, so that ventilation in the massive band E is ensured. can do.
- the lower limit of the air permeability resistance index is not particularly limited and may be a value close to 0, which is the theoretical limit value by definition, but is usually about 0.03. It should be noted that it is sufficient that a reduced iron molded body having a property that the aeration resistance index is equal to or less than a predetermined value is used, and it does not mean that a tumbler rotation test is required in the pig iron manufacturing method.
- the charged amount of the reduced iron molded body is set to the above lower limit or more, the ratio of the average particle size of the reduced iron molded body is set to the above lower limit or more, and the aeration resistance index of the reduced iron molded body is set to the above upper limit or less.
- the air permeability of the massive zone E and the fusion zone D is improved, and the hot air can be reliably ventilated to the center of the blast furnace 1. Therefore, the amount of coke used can be reduced.
- the lower limit of the basicity of the reduced iron molded product is 0.9, more preferably 1.0.
- the basicity of the reduced iron compact By setting the basicity of the reduced iron compact to be equal to or higher than the lower limit in this way, the shrinkage start temperature of the reduced iron molded body becomes high, so that the amount of shrinkage of the first layer 10 is suppressed. Therefore, the air permeability of the fusion zone D is improved in the melting step S2, and the hot air can be reliably ventilated to the center of the blast furnace 1. Therefore, the amount of coke used can be reduced.
- the upper limit of the basicity of the reduced iron molded product 1.4 is preferable, and 1.3 is more preferable. If the basicity of the reduced iron molded product exceeds the above upper limit, the strength of the reduced iron molded product may decrease.
- the basicity of the reduced iron molded product can be adjusted by adding an auxiliary material such as limestone during the production of the reduced iron molded product.
- the reduced iron molded product contains aluminum oxide.
- the upper limit of the content of the aluminum oxide in the reduced iron molded product is 1.5% by mass, more preferably 1.3% by mass. If the content of the aluminum oxide exceeds the upper limit, it may be difficult to secure the air permeability in the lower part of the furnace due to the increase in the temperature of the melting point of the slag and the increase in the viscosity. Therefore, by setting the content of aluminum oxide in the reduced iron molded product to the above upper limit or less, it is possible to prevent an increase in the amount of coke used.
- the content of the aluminum oxide may be more than 0% by mass, but the lower limit of the content of the aluminum oxide is more preferably 0.5% by mass. If the content of the aluminum oxide is less than the above lower limit, the reduced iron molded body becomes expensive, and the production cost of pig iron may increase.
- the second layer 20 contains coke 21.
- the coke 21 is a heat source for melting the ore raw material 11, generates CO gas which is a reducing material necessary for reducing the ore raw material 11, carburizes into molten iron to lower the melting point, and is used in the blast furnace 1. It acts as a spacer to ensure breathability.
- Laminating method Various methods can be used as a method for alternately laminating the first layer 10 and the second layer 20.
- the method will be described by taking as an example a blast furnace 1 equipped with a bell-armor type raw material charging device 2 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “raw material charging device 2”) as shown in FIG.
- the raw material charging device 2 is provided at the top of the furnace. That is, the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 are charged from the top of the furnace. As shown in FIG. 2, the raw material charging device 2 has a bell cup 2a, a lower bell 2b, and an armor 2c.
- the bell cup 2a is a part for filling the raw material to be charged.
- the raw material constituting the first layer 10 is filled in the bell cup 2a, and when charging the second layer 20, the raw material constituting the second layer 20 is filled.
- the lower bell 2b has a conical shape that spreads downward and is arranged in the bell cup 2a.
- the lower bell 2b can be moved up and down (in FIG. 2, the state of moving upward is shown by a solid line, and the case of moving downward is shown by a broken line).
- FIG. 2 the state of moving upward is shown by a solid line, and the case of moving downward is shown by a broken line.
- the armor 2c is provided on the furnace wall of the blast furnace 1 below the lower bell 2b. When the lower bell 2b is moved downward, the raw material falls from the gap, and the armor 2c is a repulsion plate for repelling the falling raw material. Further, the armor 2c is configured to be able to move in and out toward the inside (central portion) of the blast furnace 1.
- the first layer 10 can be laminated as follows. The same applies to the second layer 20. Further, the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 are laminated alternately.
- the lower bell 2b is positioned above, and the raw material of the first layer 10 is charged into the bell cup 2a.
- the lower bell 2b is located above, the lower part of the bell cup 2a is sealed, so that the raw material is filled in the bell cup 2a.
- the filling amount is the stacking amount of each layer.
- the lower bell 2b moves downward.
- a gap is generated between the bell cup 2a and the raw material, and the raw material falls toward the furnace wall from this gap and collides with the armor 2c.
- the raw material that collided with and repelled the armor 2c is charged into the furnace. Since the raw material falls while moving toward the inside of the furnace due to the repulsion of the armor 2c, it is deposited while flowing from the dropped position toward the center side of the inside of the furnace. Since the armor 2c is configured to be able to move in and out toward the center, the drop position of the raw material can be adjusted by moving the armor 2c back and forth. By this adjustment, the first layer 10 can be deposited in a desired shape.
- the ore raw material 11 of the laminated first layer 10 is reduced and melted while the auxiliary fuel is blown into the blast furnace by the hot air blown from the tuyere 1a.
- the blast furnace operation is a continuous operation, and the melting step S2 is continuously performed.
- the laminating step S1 is performed intermittently, and the first layer to be newly treated in the melting step S2 depending on the status of the reduction and melting treatment of the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 in the melting step S2. 10 and the second layer 20 are added.
- FIG. 2 shows the state in the melting step S2.
- a raceway A which is a hollow portion in which the coke 21 swirls and exists in a remarkably sparse state, is formed in the vicinity of the tuyere 1a due to the hot air from the tuyere 1a.
- the temperature of this raceway A is the highest, about 2000 ° C.
- Adjacent to the raceway A there is a core B, which is a pseudo-stagnation area of coke, inside the blast furnace 1. Further, the dropping zone C, the fusion zone D, and the massive zone E are present above the core B in this order.
- the temperature inside the blast furnace 1 rises from the top toward Raceway A. That is, the temperature is higher in the order of the massive zone E, the fusion zone D, and the dropping zone C. ..
- the temperature of the furnace core B differs in the radial direction, and the temperature at the center of the furnace core B may be lower than that of the dropping zone C. Further, by stably circulating hot air in the center of the furnace, a fusion zone D having an inverted V-shaped cross section is formed, and the air permeability and reducing property in the furnace are ensured.
- the iron ore raw material 11 is first heated and reduced in the massive zone E.
- the ore reduced in the massive zone E softens and contracts.
- the softened and shrunk ore descends to form dripping slag and moves to the dripping zone C.
- the melting step S2 the reduction of the ore raw material 11 proceeds mainly in the massive zone E, and the dissolution of the ore raw material 11 mainly occurs in the dropping zone C.
- the dropping zone C and the core B the direct reduction in which the falling liquid iron oxide FeO and the carbon of the coke 21 directly react with each other proceeds.
- the aggregate 12 containing the reduced iron molded body exhibits the aggregate effect in the fusion zone D. That is, even in the state where the ore is softened and shrunk, the reduced iron compact having a high melting point is not softened, and a ventilation path for surely ventilating the hot air to the center of the blast furnace 1 is secured.
- the hot metal F in which the reduced iron is melted is deposited on the hearth, and the molten slag G is deposited on the upper part of the hot metal F.
- the hot metal F and the hot metal slag G can be taken out from the hot metal outlet 1b.
- Examples of the auxiliary fuel blown from the tuyere 1a include pulverized coal obtained by finely pulverizing coal to a particle size of about 50 ⁇ m, heavy oil, natural gas, and the like.
- the auxiliary fuel functions as a heat source, a reducing agent and a carbonizing material. That is, among the roles played by the coke 21, roles other than the spacer are substituted.
- the first layer 10 containing the ore raw material 11 includes a reduced iron molded body obtained by compression-molding reduced iron as the aggregate 12. Since the reduced iron molded body facilitates the passage of hot air during the softening and fusion of the first layer 10 in the melting step S2, the amount of coke 21 for ensuring air permeability can be reduced in the pig iron production method. Therefore, by using the pig iron production method, it is possible to reduce the amount of coke 21 used while maintaining stable operation of the blast furnace.
- the pig iron production method shown in FIG. 3 is a pig iron production method for producing pig iron using a blast furnace 1 having a tuyere 1a shown in FIG. 4, and is a first layer 10 containing an ore raw material 11 and a coke 21 in the blast furnace 1.
- the ore raw material 11 of the first layer 10 laminated while alternately laminating the second layer 20 including the above (lamination step S1) and blowing auxiliary fuel into the blast furnace 1 by hot air blown from the tuyere 1a.
- the aggregate 12 for ventilating the hot air to the center of the blast furnace 1 is mixed in the first layer 10, and the aggregate 12 contains the reduced iron. Includes compression-molded reduced iron molded bodies.
- the pig iron manufacturing method includes a central charging step S3.
- blast furnace 1 Since the blast furnace 1 is the same as the blast furnace 1 of the first embodiment, the same configuration is assigned the same number and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the ore raw material 11 contains iron ore pellets having a porosity of 21% or more in coarse open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more.
- Iron ore pellets are made by using pellet feed, iron ore fine powder, and auxiliary raw materials as needed to improve the quality to the properties suitable for blast furnace (for example, size, strength, reducing property, etc.). It is.
- Iron ore pellets are mainly composed of coarse grains, which are pellet feeds, and fine powder, which is a raw material for crushing iron ore, and a large number of pores are formed inside.
- the iron ore pellets may contain auxiliary raw materials. Examples of such auxiliary raw materials include limestone and dolomite.
- the present inventors have found that the reduction rate of an ore raw material can be increased by including iron ore pellets having a porosity of coarse open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more of 21% or more in the ore raw material 11. ..
- the lower limit of the porosity of the coarse open pores is more preferably 23% and even more preferably 25%.
- the lower limit of the crushing strength of the iron ore pellet is preferably 180 kg / P, more preferably 190 kg / P, and even more preferably 200 kg / P. If the crushing strength is less than the above lower limit, the iron ore pellet 1 is likely to be pulverized in the blast furnace, which may make the blast furnace operation difficult.
- the iron ore pellet has a fine powder agglutination structure.
- the aggregated structure refers to a state in which a plurality of dispersed fine particles are aggregated to form secondary particles, and specifically, 5 or more, preferably 10 or more fine particles are in contact with each other. Say the state of doing.
- fine powder refers to particles having the same volume and a diameter (particle size) of a true sphere of less than 0.5 mm.
- the upper limit of the content of the reduced iron molded product in the first layer 10 is 30% by mass, more preferably 25% by mass. Since the reduced iron molded body is larger than the ore raw material 11 and has a large individual weight, when it is charged into the blast furnace 1 together with the ore raw material 11, it is separated from the ore raw material 11 and easily segregated. By setting the content of the reduced iron compact to the above upper limit or less, this separation and segregation can be suppressed, and the ore deposition inclination angle becomes stable at a low level. Therefore, the reduced iron molded body exists relatively uniformly in the first layer 10, and the hot air can be reliably ventilated to the center of the blast furnace 1. Therefore, the amount of coke 21 used can be reduced.
- the ore deposit inclination angle means the angle from the horizontal of the inclined surface of the ore deposit layer (first layer 10 or the like).
- the lower limit of the charge amount of the reduced iron molded body 100 kg per ton of pig iron is preferable, and 150 kg is more preferable. If the amount of the reduced iron molded product charged is less than the above lower limit, the function of ensuring the air permeability of the aggregate 12 in the fusion zone D may not sufficiently work in the melting step S2.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the average particle size of the reduced iron compact to the average particle size of the ore raw material 11 is preferably 1.3, more preferably 1.4.
- the ratio of the average particle size is less than the above lower limit, the aggregate effect of the reduced iron molded product is likely to be exhibited, and the air permeability in the cohesive zone D may be lowered.
- the upper limit of the aeration resistance index of the reduced iron molded product after the tumbler rotation test is preferably 0.1, more preferably 0.08. If the ventilation resistance index exceeds the upper limit, the ventilation in the massive band E may decrease.
- the lower limit of the basicity of the reduced iron molded product is preferably 0.9, more preferably 1.0.
- the basicity of the reduced iron molded body is less than the above lower limit, the shrinkage start temperature of the reduced iron molded body is lowered, so that the shrinkage of the first layer 10 in the fusion zone D is likely to occur, and the air is aerated. There is a risk of deterioration.
- the reduced iron molded product may contain aluminum oxide.
- the upper limit of the content of the aluminum oxide in the reduced iron molded body is preferably 1.5% by mass, more preferably 1.3% by mass. If the content of the aluminum oxide exceeds the upper limit, the air permeability at the lower part of the furnace may decrease due to the increase in the temperature of the melting point of the slag and the increase in the viscosity.
- the proportion of the reduced iron molded body 32 having a particle size of 5 mm or more in the above mixture is preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the temperature of the central layer 30 is raised.
- the reduced iron molded body having a particle size of 5 mm or more in the central layer 30 at least the above lower limit, the sensible heat of the high temperature gas can be recovered without obstructing the flow of the hot air. Further, the reduced iron molded body 32 having a small particle size is easily reoxidized.
- the temperature of the central portion of the blast furnace 1, which is preferably high temperature, is lowered. Further, the reoxidized reduced iron molded body 32 reacts with the coke of the central layer 30 and the core B, and deteriorates the coke. From the above, sensible heat can be effectively utilized by including the reduced iron molded product having a particle size of 5 mm or more, which is difficult to be reoxidized, at the above lower limit or more. Therefore, the amount of coke 21 used can be further reduced.
- the upper limit of the particle size of the reduced iron molded product 32 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 100 mm.
- the content of the reduced iron molded product 32 in the above mixture may be larger from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of coke 31 used, but the upper limit of the content is preferably 75% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass. If the content exceeds the upper limit, the air permeability of the central layer 30 may decrease.
- Laminating method Various methods can be used for laminating the central layer 30, but for example, it can be performed by using the bell armor type raw material charging device 2 as in the first layer 10 and the second layer 20. Specifically, during the laminating of the first layer 10 and the second layer 20, that is, after laminating the first layer 10 and before laminating the next second layer 20, and after laminating the second layer 20. Before stacking the next first layer 10, a part of the central layer 30 (to the thickness of the second layer 20 or the first layer 10 to be laminated immediately afterwards) is set in the center of the blast furnace 1 using the raw material charging device 2. It is advisable to stack (corresponding thickness). That is, the laminating step S1 and the central charging step S3 proceed at the same time.
- dissolution step S2 can be the same as the dissolution step S2 of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the reduced iron molded body in the first layer 10 since the content of the reduced iron molded body in the first layer 10 is 30% by mass or less, the reduced iron molded body can suppress separation and segregation in the peripheral portion of the blast furnace. Therefore, since the reduced iron molded body exists relatively uniformly up to the center of the blast furnace 1, the aggregate effect is exhibited in the fusion zone D, and the hot air in the melting step S2 is surely ventilated to the center of the blast furnace 1. You will be able to do it.
- the pig iron production method includes a step of charging a mixture of coke 31 and a reduced iron molded body 32 into the center of the blast furnace 1, and among the reduced iron molded bodies in the mixed product, reduced iron having a particle size of 5 mm or more is provided.
- the proportion of the compact is 90% by mass or more, and the content of the reduced iron compact in the mixture is 75% by mass or less.
- the amount of coke used can be reduced in the pig iron manufacturing method.
- the pig iron production method shown in FIG. 6 is a pig iron production method for producing pig iron using a blast furnace 1 having a tuyere 1a shown in FIG. 1, and is a first layer 10 containing an ore raw material 11 and a coke 21 in the blast furnace 1.
- the ore raw material 11 of the first layer 10 laminated while alternately laminating the second layer 20 including the above (lamination step S1) and blowing auxiliary fuel into the blast furnace 1 by hot air blown from the tuyere 1a.
- the aggregate 12 for ventilating the hot air to the center of the blast furnace 1 is mixed in the first layer 10, and the aggregate 12 contains the reduced iron. Includes compression-molded reduced iron molded bodies.
- the pig iron production method includes a fine pulverization step S4.
- blast furnace 1 Since the blast furnace 1 is the same as the blast furnace 1 of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the reduced iron molded body is crushed into powder during the transportation process. Since this powder has a large specific surface area, it reoxidizes from metallic iron to iron oxide. Since the reoxidized reduced iron powder also reduces the air permeability in the blast furnace 1, it is not suitable for use in the first layer 10.
- a reduced iron molded body that is not used for the first layer 10 is used.
- the upper limit of the particle size of the reduced iron compact to be pulverized in the fine pulverization step S4 is preferably 3 mm, more preferably 1 mm. If the particle size exceeds the upper limit, the degree of reoxidation is small and the metallization rate is high, so that the flux may not sufficiently function as a flux for improving the aeration of the bird's nest.
- Fine pulverization can be performed using a roller mill, a ball mill, or the like.
- the maximum particle size of the reduced iron compact and coal after pulverization is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and the average particle size is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the melting step S2 is the same as the melting step S2 of the first embodiment except that the fine powder 41 obtained in the fine pulverization step S4 is included as an auxiliary fuel.
- the point that the fine powder 41 is included as an auxiliary fuel will be described below, and other description will be omitted.
- the blast furnace 1 is provided with a tubular auxiliary fuel blowing port 1c connected to the tuyere 1a, and the fine powder 41 is blown into the tuyere 1a from the auxiliary fuel blowing port 1c.
- the fine powder 41 contains a reduced iron molded product (fine powder reduced iron 41a) and coal (fine powder coal 41b) obtained in the fine pulverization step S4.
- the auxiliary fuel inlet 1c has its outlet toward the downstream side of the hot air H so that the fine powder 41 is blown to the depth of the raceway A on the air flow of the hot air H blown from the tuyere 1a. is set up.
- the raceway A is a hollow portion in which the coke 21 swivels and exists in a remarkably sparse state with respect to the surrounding area filled with the coke 21 as described above (see FIG. 7).
- the auxiliary fuel that has been blown is mainly sprayed onto the coke 21 at the back of Raceway A. Then, the acidic slag derived from the ash in which the pulverized coal 41b is melted increases in the back of the raceway A, and the bird's nest slag J, which is a slag layer in which the slag having increased viscosity and melting point stays (holds up), is formed. .. When the bird's nest slag J grows, the air permeability in the lower part of the furnace near the raceway A of the blast furnace 1 deteriorates.
- the fine powder 41 contains a reduced iron molded product that has been reoxidized as described above.
- the auxiliary fuel containing iron oxide is blown from the tuyere 1a, it is heated and melted in the raceway A, assimilated and slags with the bird's nest slag J formed up to that point, and is rapidly dropped as the dropping slag 13.
- the bird's nest slag J becomes difficult to grow, and the air permeability can be maintained. If the air permeability is maintained, the hot air H can be easily ventilated to the center of the blast furnace 1, and as a result, the amount of coke 21 used can be reduced.
- the lower limit of the blown amount of the reduced iron compact contained in the fine powder 41 is preferably 3 kg per ton of pig iron, more preferably 5 kg. If the amount of blown water is less than the above lower limit, the effect of improving air permeability may be insufficient.
- the powder derived from the reduced iron molded body is finely pulverized and used as an auxiliary fuel to be blown from the tuyere 1a, whereby the reduced iron molded body can be effectively used and the inside of the blast furnace 1 can be used effectively. Breathability can be improved.
- the charged amount of the reduced iron compact is 100 kg or more per ton of pig iron, and the ratio of the average particle size of the reduced iron molded body to the average particle size of the ore raw material is 1. .3 or more, and the aeration resistance index of the reduced iron molded body after the tumbler rotation test is 0.1 or less, (2) the basicity of the reduced iron molded body is 0.9 or more, and (3).
- the reduced iron molded body contains aluminum oxide and the content of the aluminum oxide in the reduced iron molded body is 1.5% by mass or less has been described, but the conditions (1) to (3) above have been described.
- the central charging process is not an essential process and can be omitted. Even if the central charging process is omitted, the amount of coke used can be reduced.
- the central charging step may be provided in the pig iron manufacturing method of the first embodiment.
- the case where the bell armor method is used as the laminating method or the charging method has been described.
- Method can also be used.
- a bellless method can be mentioned.
- a swivel chute can be used to perform stacking or charging while adjusting the angle.
- the case where the laminating of the first layer and the second layer and the charging of the central layer are performed separately has been described, but the laminating and the charging are performed at the same time by the same device. You can also.
- the first layer or the second layer can be laminated and the chute can be used to charge the central portion.
- FIG. 8 shows the large load reduction experimental furnace 7 used in this experiment.
- the inner diameter of the graphite crucible 71 filled with the sample was ⁇ 75 mm.
- the sample packed layer 72 was composed of an upper coke layer 72a (height 20 mm), an ore layer 72b (height 110 mm), and a lower coke layer 72c (height 40 mm) from the top.
- the ore layer 72b corresponds to the first layer 10 of the present invention
- the upper coke layer 72a and the lower coke layer 72c correspond to the second layer 20.
- the ore layer 72b includes a reduced iron compact (HBI), a sintered ore (grain size 11.2 to 13.2 mm), iron ore pellets (grain size 8.0 to 11.2 mm), and a lump ore (grains). It was prepared as a mixture with a diameter of 11.2 to 13.2 mm). The total iron content (T.Fe) of the ore layer 72b was constant. Further, by changing the particle size of HBI, the ratio of the average particle size of HBI to the average particle size of the ore raw material was changed. Specifically, there are three types of HBI: (1) particle size of 8.0 to 11.2 mm, (2) particle size of 11.2 to 13.2 mm, and (3) particle size of 13.2 to 16.0 mm. I prepared the one. The chemical properties of the HBI used are shown in Table 1. The amount of HBI charged was 400 kg per ton of pig iron.
- the sample packed bed 72 was heated with the temperature profile shown in FIG. 9 using an electric furnace 73, and the gas (reducing gas) having the composition shown in FIG. 10 was supplied.
- the gas was supplied from the gas supply pipe 74 provided in the lower part of the large load reduction experimental furnace 7 and discharged from the gas discharge pipe 75 provided in the upper part.
- the total supply amount of the gas was 40 NL / min, and the temperature was controlled by two thermocouples 76.
- the load applied to the sample packed bed 72 was 1 kgf / cm 2 . This load was added by adding the weight of the weight 78 via the load rod 77.
- T.I. Two kinds containing Fe and Al 2 O 3 were prepared.
- the charge amount of HBI per ton of pig iron is 250 kg
- the basicity is changed.
- the maximum pressure drop was measured.
- the basicity was adjusted by changing the amount of auxiliary materials such as limestone and the brand of iron ore.
- the other conditions were the same as in the above-mentioned embodiment of the particle size ratio. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 shows the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device 8 used in this experiment.
- the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device 8 shown in FIG. 15 is a two-dimensional slice cold model simulating a bell-armor type raw material charge device on a scale of 1 / 10.7.
- the size of the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device 8 is 1450 mm in height (length of L1 in FIG. 15), 580 mm in width (length of L2 in FIG. 15), and 100 mm in depth (length in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 15). It is).
- each component of the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device 8 is numbered the same as the corresponding component of the same function of the bell armor type raw material charge device 2 in FIG. Since the functions are the same, detailed description thereof will be omitted. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device 8 has a central charge chute 8a for charging coke imitating the central charge.
- the coke layer 81, the central charged coke layer 82, and the ore layer 83, which are the bases, are charged into the blast furnace charge distribution experimental device 8 in this order, and then the experimental layer 84, which is an ore layer, is charged, and the ore deposition inclination angle is charged. ⁇ was measured.
- HBI has a higher apparent density than calcined ore (sintered ore pellets) and lump ore because it has a high metallization rate (low proportion of oxides) and a low porosity.
- the size is large and the mass per particle is also large. Therefore, when HBI is charged into a blast furnace together with calcination or lump ore, separation and segregation are likely to occur. Separation and segregation occur, and if local segregation occurs in the peripheral part, the gas flow becomes peripheral flow, and there is a risk that the ratio of reducing agent will increase due to equipment wear and heat loss increase.
- the raw materials used for charging the experimental layer 84 were sinter and sinter simulating lump ore (particle size 2.8 to 4.0 mm), alumina balls simulating iron ore pellets ( ⁇ 2 mm), and lump coke.
- Coke particle size 8.0 to 9.5 mm simulating HBI, iron plate simulating HBI (20 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4 mm, 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4 mm).
- the raw material was scaled to 2 / 11.2.
- FIG. 16 shows the results when the size of the iron plate simulating HBI is 20 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4 mm
- FIG. 17 shows the results when the size of the iron plate is 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4 mm.
- the large load reduction experimental furnace 7 shown in FIG. 8 was used.
- the inner diameter of the graphite crucible 71 filled with the sample was ⁇ 85 mm.
- the sample packed layer 72 was composed of an upper coke layer 72a (height 20 mm), an ore layer 72b (height 150 mm), and a lower coke layer 72c (height 40 mm) from the top.
- the ore layer 72b was a mixture of sintered ore (grain size 16 to 19 mm), the above iron ore pellets (grain size 11.2 to 13.2 mm), and an iron block (30 mm square cube x 2) simulating HBI. ..
- the sample packed bed 72 was heated with the temperature profile shown in FIG. 18 using an electric furnace 73, and the gas (reducing gas) having the composition shown in FIG. 19 was supplied.
- the gas was supplied from the gas supply pipe 74 provided in the lower part of the large load reduction experimental furnace 7 and discharged from the gas discharge pipe 75 provided in the upper part.
- the total amount of the gas supplied was 58.4 NL / min up to a sample temperature of 200 ° C. and 50.4 NL / min from a sample temperature of 200 ° C. to 1250 ° C., and the temperature was controlled by two thermocouples 76.
- the load applied to the sample packed bed 72 was 1 kgf / cm 2 . This load was added by adding the weight of the weight 78 via the load rod 77.
- the reduction rate was measured using three iron ore pellets with different open porosities. The measurement was performed twice only for the iron ore pellet having the lowest porosity, and once for the other two iron ore pellets. The results are shown in FIG. In the graph of FIG. 20, for those measured twice, the result is shown by a bar and the average value is shown by a dot. From the results of FIG. 20, it can be seen that the reducing property is enhanced by using the iron ore pellet having a porosity of 21% in the coarse open pores having a pore diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of the powder derived from the reduced iron molded body was fixed at 50 ⁇ m, and the amount of pulverized coal contained in the fine powder was fixed at 226 kg per ton of pig iron.
- the amount of finely pulverized HBI blown was changed, and the dissolution rate of the fine powder, the slag viscosity, the drop line velocity, and the hold-up amount were calculated by a known method. The amount of change in pressure loss was calculated from these results.
- the pig iron manufacturing method of the present invention can reduce the amount of coke used while maintaining the stable operation of the blast furnace.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示す銑鉄製造方法は、図2に示す高炉1を用いて銑鉄を製造する銑鉄製造方法であり、積層工程S1と、溶解工程S2とを備える。
高炉1は、図2に示すように、炉下部に設けられた羽口1aと、出銑口1bとを有する。羽口1aは通常複数設けられる。高炉1は、固気向流型のシャフト炉であり、高温の空気に、必要に応じて高温又は常温の酸素を加えた熱風を羽口1aから炉内に吹き込んで、後述する鉱石原料11の還元及び溶融等の一連の反応を行い、出銑口1bから銑鉄を取り出すことができる。また、高炉1には、ベル・アーマー方式の原料装入装置2が装備されている。この原料装入装置2については、後述する。
積層工程S1では、図2に示すように、高炉1内に第1層10と第2層20とを交互に積層する。つまり、第1層10及び第2層20の層数は、それぞれ2以上である。
第1層10は、鉱石原料11を含む。また、第1層10には、骨材12が混合されている。
第2層20はコークス21を含む。
第1層10及び第2層20を交互に積層する方法には、種々の方法を用いることができる。ここでは、図2に示すようなベル・アーマー方式の原料装入装置2(以下、単に「原料装入装置2」ともいう)を搭載した高炉1を例にとり、その方法について説明する。
溶解工程S2では、羽口1aから送風する熱風により補助燃料を高炉内へ吹込みつつ、積層された第1層10の鉱石原料11を還元及び溶解する。なお、高炉操業は連続操業であり、溶解工程S2は連続して行われている。一方、積層工程S1は間欠的に行われており、溶解工程S2で第1層10及び第2層20の還元及び溶解処理の状況に応じて、新たに溶解工程S2で処理すべき第1層10及び第2層20が追加されていく。
当該銑鉄製造方法では、鉱石原料11を含む第1層10が、骨材12として還元鉄を圧縮成形した還元鉄成形体を含む。この還元鉄成形体により、溶解工程S2で第1層10の軟化融着時に熱風が通過し易くなるため、当該銑鉄製造方法では、通気性を確保するためのコークス21の量が少なくて済む。従って、当該銑鉄製造方法を用いることで高炉の安定操業を維持しつつコークス21の使用量を低減することができる。
図3に示す銑鉄製造方法は、図4に示す羽口1aを有する高炉1を用いて銑鉄を製造する銑鉄製造方法であって、高炉1内に鉱石原料11を含む第1層10とコークス21を含む第2層20とを交互に積層する工程(積層工程S1)と、羽口1aから送風する熱風により補助燃料を高炉1内へ吹込みつつ、積層された第1層10の鉱石原料11を還元及び溶解する工程(溶解工程S2)とを備え、上記熱風を高炉1の中心部まで通気させるための骨材12が第1層10に混合されており、骨材12が、還元鉄を圧縮成形した還元鉄成形体を含む。また、当該銑鉄製造方法は、中心部装入工程S3を備える。
高炉1は、第1実施形態の高炉1と同様であるので、同一構成に同一番号を付して説明を省略する。
(第1層)
鉱石原料11が、気孔径が4μm以上の粗大開気孔の気孔率が21%以上である鉄鉱石ペレットを含むとよい。鉄鉱石ペレットとは、ペレットフィードと、鉄鉱石微粉と、必要に応じて副原料とを用い、高炉用に適した性状(例えばサイズ、強度、還元性など)に、品質を向上させて作り込んだものである。
第2層20は、第1実施形態の第2層20と同様に構成されるので、詳細説明を省略する。
第1層10及び第2層20を交互に積層する方法としては、第1実施形態で説明した方法と同様の方法を用いることができるので、詳細説明を省略する。
中心部装入工程S3では、高炉1の中心部にコークス31及び還元鉄成形体32の混合物を装入する。この混合物の装入により、図5に示すように中心層30が形成される。
上記混合物における還元鉄成形体32のうち、粒径5mm以上の還元鉄成形体が占める割合が90質量%以上であることが好ましく、95質量%以上であることがより好ましい。溶解工程S2で羽口1aから吹き込まれる熱風は、高炉1の中心部まで到達すると、中心層30を昇温する。中心層30に、粒径5mm以上の還元鉄成形体を上記下限以上含めることで、上記熱風の流れを妨げることなく高温ガスの顕熱を回収できる。また、粒径の小さい還元鉄成形体32は再酸化され易い。再酸化された還元鉄成形体32は再還元する必要が生じるため、高温であることが好ましい高炉1の中心部の温度を下げることとなる。また、再酸化された還元鉄成形体32は、中心層30や炉心Bのコークスと反応し、コークスを劣化させてしまう。以上より、再酸化され難い粒径5mm以上の還元鉄成形体を上記下限以上含めることで、顕熱を効果的に利用することができる。従って、コークス21の使用量をさらに低減することができる。なお、還元鉄成形体32の粒径の上限は、特に限定されないが、例えば100mmとすることができる。
中心層30の積層は、種々の方法を用いることができるが、例えば第1層10及び第2層20と同様にベル・アーマー方式の原料装入装置2を用いて行うことができる。具体的には、第1層10及び第2層20を積層する間、つまり第1層10を積層した後で次の第2層20を積層する前、及び第2層20を積層した後で次の第1層10を積層する前に、原料装入装置2を用いて高炉1の中心部に中心層30の一部(直後に積層する第2層20又は第1層10の厚さに相当する厚さ分)を積層するとよい。つまり、積層工程S1と中心部装入工程S3とは同時に進行する。
溶解工程S2は、第1実施形態の溶解工程S2と同様とできるので、詳細説明を省略する。
当該銑鉄製造方法では、第1層10における還元鉄成形体の含有量を30質量%以下とするので、還元鉄成形体が高炉周辺部に分離及び偏析を抑止することができる。このため、還元鉄成形体が高炉1の中心部まで比較的均一に存在するので、融着帯Dで骨材効果を発揮し、溶解工程S2の熱風を高炉1の中心部まで確実に通気させることができるようになる。
図6に示す銑鉄製造方法は、図1に示す羽口1aを有する高炉1を用いて銑鉄を製造する銑鉄製造方法であって、高炉1内に鉱石原料11を含む第1層10とコークス21を含む第2層20とを交互に積層する工程(積層工程S1)と、羽口1aから送風する熱風により補助燃料を高炉1内へ吹込みつつ、積層された第1層10の鉱石原料11を還元及び溶解する工程(溶解工程S2)とを備え、上記熱風を高炉1の中心部まで通気させるための骨材12が第1層10に混合されており、骨材12が、還元鉄を圧縮成形した還元鉄成形体を含む。また、当該銑鉄製造方法は、微粉砕工程S4を備える。
高炉1は、第1実施形態の高炉1と同様であるので、詳細説明を省略する。
積層工程S1は、第1実施形態の積層工程S1と同様に行えるので、詳細説明を省略する。
微粉砕工程S4では、還元鉄成形体に由来する粉体及び石炭を微粉砕する。
溶解工程S2は、微粉砕工程S4で得られる微粉体41を補助燃料として含める以外は、第1実施形態の溶解工程S2と同様である。微粉体41を補助燃料として含める点を以下に説明し、他の説明は、省略する。
当該銑鉄製造方法では、還元鉄成形体に由来する粉体を微粉砕し、羽口1aから吹き込む補助燃料として用いることで、還元鉄成形体の有効利用を図ることができるとともに、高炉1内の通気性を改善することができる。
なお、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。
鉱石原料の平均粒径に対する還元鉄成形体の平均粒径の比(以下、「HBI粒径比」ともいう)が通気性に与える影響について、高炉周辺部を模擬した大型荷重還元実験を行って、調査した。
HBIの銑鉄1トン当たりの装入量が通気性に与える影響について、高炉周辺部を模擬した大型荷重還元実験を行って、調査した。
HBIの塩基度が通気性に与える影響について、高炉周辺部を模擬した大型荷重還元実験を行って、調査した。
case(1):T.Fe=74.2~80.4質量%、及び
Al2O3=1.99~2.20質量%
case(2):T.Fe=89.9~91.7質量%、及び
Al2O3=0.66~1.31質量%
HBIの含まれる酸化アルミニウムの含有量が通気性に与える影響について、高炉周辺部を模擬した大型荷重還元実験を行って、調査した。
第1層10におけるHBIの含有量が通気性に与える影響について、ベル・アーマー方式の原料装入装置を模擬した高炉装入物分布実験を行って、調査した。
鉱石原料として含まれる鉄鉱石ペレットの開気孔率が還元性に与える影響について、高炉周辺部を模擬した大型荷重還元実験を行って、調査した。
中心層が通気性に与える影響について、高炉中心部を模擬した大型荷重還元実験を行って、調査した。
還元鉄成形体に由来する粉体を石炭とともに微粉砕した微粉体を補助燃料に含める効果をシミュレーションにより検証した。
1a 羽口
1b 出銑口
1c 補助燃料吹込口
2 原料装入装置
2a ベルカップ
2b 下ベル
2c アーマー
10 第1層
11 鉱石原料
12 骨材
13 滴下スラグ
20 第2層
21 コークス
30 中心層
31 コークス
32 還元鉄成形体
41 微粉体
41a 微粉還元鉄
41b 微粉炭
7 大型荷重還元実験炉
71 黒鉛坩堝
72 試料充填層
72a 上部コークス層
72b 鉱石層
72c 下部コークス層
73 電気炉
74 ガス供給管
75 ガス排出管
76 熱電対
77 荷重棒
78 錘
8 高炉装入物分布実験装置
8a 中心装入シュート
81 コークス層
82 中心コークス層
83 鉱石層
84 実験層
A レースウェイ
B 炉心
C 滴下帯
D 融着帯
E 塊状帯
F 溶銑
G 溶融スラグ
H 熱風
J 鳥の巣スラグ
Claims (8)
- 羽口を有する高炉を用いて銑鉄を製造する銑鉄製造方法であって、
上記高炉内に鉱石原料を含む第1層とコークスを含む第2層とを交互に積層する工程と、
上記羽口から送風する熱風により補助燃料を高炉内へ吹込みつつ、積層された上記第1層の上記鉱石原料を還元及び溶解する工程と
を備え、
上記熱風を上記高炉の中心部まで通気させるための骨材が上記第1層に混合されており、
上記骨材が、還元鉄を圧縮成形した還元鉄成形体を含む銑鉄製造方法。 - 上記還元鉄成形体の装入量が銑鉄1トン当たり100kg以上であり、
上記鉱石原料の平均粒径に対する上記還元鉄成形体の平均粒径の比が1.3以上であり、
上記還元鉄成形体のタンブラー回転試験後の通気抵抗指数が0.1以下である請求項1に記載の銑鉄製造方法。 - 上記還元鉄成形体の塩基度が0.9以上である請求項1に記載の銑鉄製造方法。
- 上記還元鉄成形体が酸化アルミニウムを含み、
上記還元鉄成形体中の上記酸化アルミニウムの含有量が1.5質量%以下である請求項1に記載の銑鉄製造方法。 - 上記第1層における上記還元鉄成形体の含有量が30質量%以下である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の銑鉄製造方法。
- 上記鉱石原料が、気孔径が4μm以上の粗大開気孔の気孔率が21%以上である鉄鉱石ペレットを含む請求項5に記載の銑鉄製造方法。
- 上記高炉の中心部にコークス及び還元鉄成形体の混合物を装入する工程を備え、
上記混合物における上記還元鉄成形体のうち、粒径5mm以上の還元鉄成形体が占める割合が90質量%以上であり、
上記混合物における上記還元鉄成形体の含有量が75質量%以下である請求項5に記載の銑鉄製造方法。 - 還元鉄成形体に由来する粉体及び石炭を微粉砕する工程を備え、
上記補助燃料として上記微粉砕工程で得られる微粉体を含める請求項5に記載の銑鉄製造方法。
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