WO2022033019A1 - 一种挥发性醚浸出物的提取和测定方法 - Google Patents

一种挥发性醚浸出物的提取和测定方法 Download PDF

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WO2022033019A1
WO2022033019A1 PCT/CN2021/079468 CN2021079468W WO2022033019A1 WO 2022033019 A1 WO2022033019 A1 WO 2022033019A1 CN 2021079468 W CN2021079468 W CN 2021079468W WO 2022033019 A1 WO2022033019 A1 WO 2022033019A1
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ether
extraction
weight
volatile
phosphorus pentoxide
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French (fr)
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邱婷
戴亚妮
韩小燕
张小娜
徐凤莲
叶馨薇
张萍
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无锡济煜山禾药业股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder

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  • the invention relates to a detection method for effective components of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to extraction and detection methods of volatile ether extracts, such as cold ultrasonic extraction and suction filtration.
  • Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine usually refer to monomeric compounds that have certain biological activity and therapeutic effect, can be represented by molecular formula and structural formula, and have certain physical constants (such as melting point, boiling point, optical rotation, solubility, etc.).
  • artemisinin an active antimalarial ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua, has anti-leukemia and immune regulation functions.
  • Determination of the content of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the quantitative analysis of a certain (some) active ingredient or effective part of traditional Chinese medicine by appropriate chemical methods or instruments, and the quality of traditional Chinese medicine is judged by whether the measurement results meet the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia standards. , is an important method to control and evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • the active ingredients or index ingredients are unclear or the content is very low or there is no accurate quantitative method, then the content of the extract needs to be determined.
  • Determination method of volatile ether extracts in Chinese Pharmacopoeia take 2-5g of the test sample, accurately weigh it, put it in a phosphorus pentoxide desiccator for 12h, put it in a soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of ether, unless otherwise specified
  • heat under reflux for 8h take the ether solution, put it in an evaporating dish with constant weight, evaporate the ether, and dry the residue in a phosphorus pentoxide desiccator for 18h, accurately weigh it, slowly heat it to 105°C, and heat it at 105°C. °C to dry to constant weight.
  • the weight loss is the weight of the volatile ether extract.
  • the method introduced in the Pharmacopoeia has several shortcomings when detecting volatile ether extracts.
  • the present invention provides a new method for extracting ether extract, and the steps of the method are as follows:
  • the cold ultrasonic wave and suction filtration method of the present invention requires only 30 minutes of cold ultrasonic wave, and the suction filtration can reduce the adsorption of the ether extract on the filter paper during the filtration process, so as to reduce the error of the detection method.
  • the steps are as follows:
  • test sample Precisely weigh 2-5g of the test sample into a conical flask. Note that the test sample that is easy to absorb moisture needs to be dried and then accurately weighed to reduce the error caused by moisture;
  • the evaporating dish was slowly heated to 105°C, dried at 105°C to constant weight, quickly cooled to room temperature in a desiccator, and quickly and accurately weighed again.
  • the weight loss was the weight of the volatile ether extract.
  • test sample is any kind of traditional Chinese medicine, including Chinese medicinal materials, and Chinese patent medicine, preferably Huang's Xiangsheng tea, Huang's Xiangsheng tablet, Huang's Xiangsheng pill, and its components include mint, fritillary, Alice, cicada slough, fat sea, wine rhubarb, chuanxiong, catechu, platycodon, myrobalan, licorice, menthol. Main effects: clearing away heat, dispelling phlegm and dissipating knots, soothing throat and opening sound. Indications This product is used for hoarseness, sore throat, dry and burning throat, phlegm in the throat, or headache due to cold and heat, or constipation and red urine; acute and chronic laryngitis.
  • the method of the invention is particularly suitable for the extraction and detection of effective components in Huang's Xiangsheng tea and Huang's Xiangsheng tablets.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting and detecting volatile ether extracts, which is simple, fast, low in cost and high in efficiency.
  • the present invention is superior to the prior art.
  • the present invention is obtained through screening, especially the technical parameters in the experimental process are obtained through orthogonal experiments, and the experiments are as follows:
  • Huang's Xiangsheng tea and Huang's Xiangsheng lozenges are easy to absorb moisture in the process of re-grinding and sieving.
  • the specific experimental data are as follows.
  • the sample can basically keep the weight constant after drying for 18 hours, and the change is not large. Therefore, the drying time of the easily hygroscopic sample determined by the present invention is placed in the dryer for 18-24 hours.
  • Ultrasonic enhanced extraction of traditional Chinese medicine can usually obtain the best extraction rate in 24-40 minutes, and the extraction time is greatly shortened by more than 2/3 compared with the traditional method;
  • the optimal temperature for ultrasonic extraction of Chinese medicinal materials is 40-60 °C, which has a protective effect on the active ingredients in the medicinal materials that are unstable in heat, easily hydrolyzed or oxidized, and at the same time greatly saves energy and energy;
  • Ultrasonic extraction of Chinese medicinal materials is not limited by the polarity and molecular weight of components, and is suitable for the extraction of most types of Chinese medicinal materials and various components;
  • the operation is simple and easy, and the equipment maintenance and maintenance are convenient.
  • the present invention adopts the method of ultrasonic extraction to reduce the extraction time and increase the efficiency.
  • the ultrasonic time selected in the present invention is 30 minutes.
  • the choice of the separation method is suction filtration instead of ordinary filtration, because the ordinary filtration method is slow, and the extracted detected components are more easily adsorbed on the filter paper, which is difficult to elute.
  • the suction filtration method can reduce the contact between the ether liquid and the filter paper. time, thereby reducing the adsorption amount of the detected components in the ether solution on the filter paper and reducing the error.
  • the specific experimental data are shown in the following table.
  • Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 normal filtering 0.16% 0.14% 0.13% Suction filtration 0.22% 0.21% 0.23%
  • the present invention adopts the separation method of suction filtration.
  • the invention provides a method for extracting and detecting a volatile ether extract, and the specific operation process is as follows:
  • the test product is powdered and sieved
  • the fine powder is dried in a phosphorus pentoxide desiccator for 18 hours and then precisely weighed to 5g, add 50ml of ether in a conical flask, seal, ice Sonicate in water for 30 minutes, filter with suction, rinse the conical flask and filter membrane with 50 ml of ether until the filter membrane is rinsed clean, take the suction-filtered ether solution, rinse the suction filter bottle with an appropriate amount of ether, combine the ether solution, and set it to dry In an evaporating dish with constant weight, the ether was evaporated, the residue was dried in a phosphorus pentoxide desiccator for 18 hours, accurately weighed, and the value was recorded.
  • the evaporating dish was slowly heated to 105 °C, and dried at 105 °C to constant weight, Cool to room temperature in a desiccator, accurately weigh again, record the value, the weight loss is the weight of the volatile ether extract, and calculate the proportion of the volatile ether extract to the test sample.
  • the method of the present invention is similar to the experimental results of the pharmacopoeia method, but greatly reduces the experimental time for extracting volatile ether extracts, saves water resources, and improves the experimental efficiency.
  • the invention adopts the cold ultrasonic method to extract medicinal materials and the volatile ether extracts that need to be determined in Chinese patent medicines;
  • the invention uses the method of suction filtration to reduce the problem of adsorption of effective components in the ordinary filtration process.

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Abstract

一种挥发性醚浸出物的提取以及检测方法，该方法的步骤如下：取供试品2-5g，精密称定，置于五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18-24h，置于锥形瓶中，加乙醚适量，冷超声25-35分钟，抽滤，挥去乙醚，残渣置于五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重，其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量。

Description

一种挥发性醚浸出物的提取和测定方法 技术领域
本发明涉及中药有效成分的检测方法，特别涉及具有挥发性的醚浸出物的提取以及检测方法，如冷超声提取和抽滤。
背景技术
中药有效成分通常是指具有一定生物活性，具有治疗作用，可以用分子式和结构式表示，并具有一定物理常数(如熔点，沸点，旋光度，溶解度等)的单体化合物。比如青蒿素，从中药黄花蒿中提取的一种抗疟有效成分，具有抗白血病和免疫调节功能。
中药有效成分含量的测定，是指用适当的化学方法或仪器对中药某种(某些)有效成分或有效部分进行的定量分析，并以测定结果是否符合药典标准的规定来判断中药的优劣，是控制和评价中药质量的重要方法。但是，对于有些药材，其活性成分或指标性成分不清或含量很低或尚无精确的定量方法，这时就需要测定浸出物含量。
中国药典中挥发性醚浸出物的测定方法：取供试品2-5g，精密称定，置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥12h，置索式提取器中，加乙醚适量，除另有规定外，加热回流8h，取乙醚液，置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重。其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量。
药典中介绍的方法检测挥发性醚浸出物时，有几个缺点，一是对于易吸湿的供试品需要干燥后再精密称量；二是药典方法需要加热回流8小时，但是8个小时热回流也不一定能将药材中的醚浸出物成份提取完全，药典方法时间长，效率低。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新的提取醚浸出物的方法，所述方法，步骤如下：
取供试品2-5g，精密称定，置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18-24h，置锥形瓶中，加乙醚适量，冷超声25-35分钟，抽滤，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重。其减失重量 即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量。
本发明的冷超声和抽滤方法，冷超声仅需30分钟，抽滤可减少过滤过程中醚浸出物在滤纸上的吸附，以降低检测方法的误差。
优选的，本发明方法，步骤如下：
精密称量2-5g供试品于锥形瓶中，注意对于易吸湿的供试品需要干燥后再精密称量，以减少水分带来的误差；
加入适量的乙醚于锥形瓶中，密封，冰浴超声提取30分钟，注意超声的温度不能超过34.6℃；
超声30分钟后，抽滤，用适量的乙醚润洗锥形瓶和滤膜，至滤膜冲洗干净；
取抽滤好的乙醚液，并用适量乙醚润洗抽滤瓶，合并乙醚液，置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，迅速精密称定；
将蒸发皿缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重，迅速放入干燥器中冷却至室温，再次迅速精密称定，其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量。
本发明的方法，其中供试品为任何一种中药，包括中药材，和中成药，优选为黄氏响声茶，黄氏响声片，黄氏响声丸，其成分包括薄荷、浙贝母、连翘、蝉蜕、胖大海、酒大黄、川芎、儿茶、桔梗、诃子肉、甘草、薄荷脑。主要功效：疏风清热，化痰散结，利咽开音。适应病症本品用于声音嘶哑，咽喉肿痛，咽干灼热，咽中有痰，或寒热头痛，或便秘尿赤；急、慢性喉炎。
本发明的方法特别适合黄氏响声茶和黄氏响声片中有效成分的提取和检测。
本发明的目的在于提供一种提取和检测挥发性醚浸出物的方法，该方法简单、快速、成本低、效率高。
以下通过实验数据，说明本发明的有益效果：
实验一、本发明和现有技术相比，数据如下：
表1本发明与药典方法的不同点
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000002
从上表可知，本发明优于现有技术。
实验二、本发明方法的筛选：
本发明是经过筛选获得的，特别是实验过程中的技术参数，是经过正交实验得到的，实验如下：
参数1的筛选
对于本实验考察的样品，黄氏响声茶和黄氏响声含片，因其再粉碎过筛的过程中极易吸湿，通过计算放入干燥器中不同干燥时长(0h、6h、12h、18h、24h)的样品重量减失率来衡量水分的含量，以确定样品过筛后放入干燥器的干燥时间，以减少实验中水分带来的误差，具体实验数据如下表。
表2易吸湿的样品放入干燥器的干燥时长与水分含量变化
时长 0h 6h 12h 18h 24h
样品重量(g) 4.0031 3.9751 3.9391 3.9231 3.9230
水分含量 NA 0.7％ 1.6％ 2.0％ 2.0％
由上表实验数据可以看出，样品干燥18小时后基本可保持重量恒定，变化不大，故本发明确定的易吸湿的样品放入干燥器的干燥时长选择为18-24小时。
参数2的筛选
提取方式的选择
超声提取由于其自生的优点，已被广泛应用于中药的提取。其主要优点有：
a.提取效率高：超声波独具的物理特性能促使植物细胞组织破壁或变形，使中药有效成分提取更充分，提取率比传统工艺显著提高达50-500％；
b.提取时间短：超声波强化中药提取通常在24-40分钟即可获得最佳提取率，提取时间较传统方法大大缩短2/3以上；
c.提取温度低：超声提取中药材的最佳温度在40-60℃，对遇热不稳定、易水解或氧化的药材中有效成分具有保护作用，同时大大节能能耗；
d.适应性广：超声提取中药材不受成分极性、分子量大小的限制，适用于绝大多数种类中药材和各类成分的提取；
e.提取药液杂质少，有效成分易于分离、纯化；
f.提取工艺运行成本低，综合经济效益显著；
g.操作简单易行，设备维护、保养方便。
故对于挥发性醚浸出物的提取方法本发明采用超声提取的方法，以减少提取时间，增加效率。
参数3的筛选
提取时间的确定，分别考察不同超声时间(15min、30min、45min),挥发性醚浸出物含量的变化，实验其他条件保持不变，具体实验数据见下表。
表3超声提取时长与挥发性醚浸出物含量的关系
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000003
由实验数据可知，超声提取30min，以基本可提取完全，随着时间的增加，挥发性醚浸出物的含量保持不变，故本发明选择的超声时长为30min。
参数4的筛选
分离方式的选择为抽滤而非普通的过滤，是因为普通过滤方式，速度慢，且提取的被检测成分更易吸附在滤纸上，难以洗脱，抽滤的方式可减少乙醚液与滤纸的接触时间，从而减少乙醚液中被检测成分在滤纸上的吸附量，降低误差，具体实验数据见下表。
表4不同分离方式对挥发性醚浸出物含量的影响
  样品1 样品2 样品3
普通过滤 0.16％ 0.14％ 0.13％
抽滤 0.22％ 0.21％ 0.23％
由表中数据可以看出，采用普通过滤的分离方式，挥发性醚浸出物的含量很低且平行性很差，而采用抽滤的方式分离可减少被检测成分的吸附，挥发性醚浸出物含量较高，且平行性较好。故本发明采用抽滤的分离方式。
从以上实验结果可知，本发明的技术参数为最佳参数。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种挥发性醚浸出物的提取和检测方法，具体操作过程如下：
供试品粉粹过筛；
实施例1
取黄氏响声茶，粉碎过5号筛，由于供试品易吸湿，细粉于五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18小时后精密称量5g，于锥形瓶中加入50ml乙醚，密封，冰水中超声30分钟，抽滤，用50ml的乙醚润洗锥形瓶和滤膜，至滤膜冲洗干净，取抽滤好的乙醚液，并用适量乙醚润洗抽滤瓶，合并乙醚液，置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，记数值，将蒸发皿缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重，放在干燥器中冷却至室温，再次精密称定，记录数值，其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量，并计算出挥发性醚浸出物占供试品的比例。
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000004
实施例2
取黄氏响声含片，粉碎过5号筛，由于供试品易吸湿，细粉于五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18小时后精密称量5g，于锥形瓶中加入50ml乙醚，密封，冰水中超声30分钟，抽滤，用50ml的乙醚润洗锥形瓶和滤膜，至滤膜冲洗干净，取抽滤好的乙醚液，并用适量乙醚润洗抽滤瓶，合并乙醚液，置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，记数值，将蒸发皿缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重，放在干燥器中冷却至室温，再次精密称定，记录数值，其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量，并计算出挥发性醚浸出物占供试品的比例。
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000005
药典方法提取数据1：
取黄氏响声茶，精密称定5g，置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥12h，置索式提取器中，加乙醚50ml，加热回流8h，取乙醚液，置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重,精密称定。其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量，并计算含量。
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000006
药典方法提取数据2：
取黄氏响声含片，精密称定5g，置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥12h，置索式提取器中，加乙醚50ml，加热回流8h，取乙醚液，置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重,精密称定。其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量，并计算含量。
Figure PCTCN2021079468-appb-000007
实验结果对比
由上述实验数据可以看出，本发明方法与药典方法实验结果类似，但是大大减少了提取挥发性醚浸出物的实验时间，节省了水资源，提高了实验效率。
本发明采用冷超声方法提取药材以及中成药中需要测定挥发性醚浸出物；
本发明用抽滤的方法减少普通过滤过程中有效成分吸附的问题。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种挥发性醚浸出物的提取以及检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法，步骤如下：取供试品2-5g，精密称定，置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18-24h，置锥形瓶中，加乙醚适量，冷超声25-35分钟，抽滤，挥去乙醚，残渣置五氧化二磷干燥器中干燥18h，精密称定，缓缓加热至105℃，并于105℃干燥至恒重，其减失重量即为挥发性醚浸出物的重量。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，其中，冷超声30分钟。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，其中，冷超声在冰浴超声提取30分钟，超声的温度不超过34.6℃。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，其中供试品为任何一种中药。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，其中供试品为黄氏响声茶。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，其中供试品为黄氏响声片。
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