WO2021261620A1 - 이형접합성 형질전환 동물 - Google Patents
이형접합성 형질전환 동물 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021261620A1 WO2021261620A1 PCT/KR2020/008268 KR2020008268W WO2021261620A1 WO 2021261620 A1 WO2021261620 A1 WO 2021261620A1 KR 2020008268 W KR2020008268 W KR 2020008268W WO 2021261620 A1 WO2021261620 A1 WO 2021261620A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0278—Knock-in vertebrates, e.g. humanised vertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2207/00—Modified animals
- A01K2207/15—Humanized animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
- A01K2217/052—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic) inducing gain of function
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/07—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination
- A01K2217/072—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination maintaining or altering function, i.e. knock in
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/01—Animal expressing industrially exogenous proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/30—Vector systems comprising sequences for excision in presence of a recombinase, e.g. loxP or FRT
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transgenic animal having a genome including a humanized immunoglobulin locus for securing diversity in an antibody repertoire, and a method for producing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles for a humanized immunoglobulin gene and a method for preparing the same, wherein the two alleles are hetero-alleles. ) is characterized as
- Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells, and it is essential to secure various antibodies to protect the body from numerous pathogens exposed throughout life.
- VDJ somatic hypermutation
- SHM somatic hypermutation
- class switching When the V, D, and J segments are recombined one by one at the DNA level through the above mechanism, somatic mutation occurs by activation-induced cytidine (AID) deaminase.
- AID activation-induced cytidine
- the antibody repertoire which is the totality of such various antibodies, theoretically has more than 109 diversity.
- the pathogen in the antibody repertoire that is, a very small part of B cells with high antigen specificity, are amplified to produce antibodies to defend the body from pathogens. Therefore, the increase in the diversity of the antibody repertoire expands the candidate group of antigen-specific B cells (or antibodies) and at the same time enables the production and selection of B cells (or antibodies) with high specificity, so that in the development of antibody-producing transgenic animals Efforts are needed to increase antibody repertoire diversity.
- One object of the present invention is to provide a transgenic animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a transgenic animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- the present invention provides a transgenic animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- a transgenic animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles for a humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be different from each other, so that the transgenic non-human-animal may be heterozygous at the humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene may include a partial region of a human immunoglobulin gene and a partial region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene may include a human immunoglobulin gene instead of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin gene.
- the partial region of the human immunoglobulin gene may be a variable region of the human immunoglobulin gene.
- the variable region may be a non-rearranged variable region.
- the unrearranged variable region may include V, D and J segments, or V and J segments.
- the partial region of the non-human-animal immunoglobulin gene may be a constant region of the non-human-animal immunoglobulin gene (endogenous immunoglobulin gene).
- the constant region may include a C segment.
- the two alleles of the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous allele may be a first humanized immunoglobulin gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin gene.
- first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be hetero variable regions.
- first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may have one or more of the following differences:
- CNV copy number variation
- the first human immunoglobulin gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin gene may be derived from a second human subject.
- the first human entity and the second human entity may be different entities.
- the first human immunoglobulin gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid),
- the race may be each selected from the group consisting of a Malay race, a Polynesian race, and an Australian race.
- the transgenic animal having a genome comprising the humanized immunoglobulin locus may be a transgenic non-human animal having alleles from two different races for immunoglobulin.
- the transgenic animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene loci (humanized IGH loci).
- the transgenic non-human-animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles for a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (humanized IGH).
- the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include unrearranged V, D and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous allele may be a first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be hetero-variable regions.
- the heterologous variable regions may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a second human subject. The first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid),
- the race may be each selected from the group consisting of a Malay race, a Polynesian race, and an Australian race.
- the first race may be a Caucasian race
- the second race may be a Negro race.
- the transgenic non-human-animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the transgenic animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene loci (humanized IGK loci).
- the transgenic non-human-animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles for a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (humanized IGK).
- the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin kappa gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin kappa gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous allele may be a first humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be hetero-variable regions.
- the heterologous variable regions may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a second human subject. The first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid),
- the race may be each selected from the group consisting of a Malay race, a Polynesian race, and an Australian race.
- the first race may be a Caucasian race
- the second race may be a Mongolian race.
- the transgenic non-human-animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the transgenic animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene loci (humanized IGL loci).
- the transgenic non-human-animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles for a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (humanized IGL).
- the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin lambda gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin lambda gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous allele may be a first humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be hetero-variable regions.
- the heterologous variable regions may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a second human subject. The first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid),
- the race may be each selected from the group consisting of a Malay race, a Polynesian race, and an Australian race.
- the first race may be a Negro
- the second race may be a Mongolian.
- the transgenic non-human-animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the transgenic animal has a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene loci (humanized IGH loci) and a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene loci (humanized IGK loci).
- a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene loci humanized IGH loci
- a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene loci humanized IGK loci
- the transgenic non-human-animal is a transgenic having two alleles for a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (humanized IGH) and a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (humanized IGK), respectively. It may be a non-human-animal.
- the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include unrearranged V, D and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be a first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be heavy chain hetero-variable regions.
- the heavy chain heterologous variable regions may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a second human subject.
- the first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin kappa gene and a constant region of a mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- variable region of the human immunoglobulin kappa gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the hetero-alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be a third humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene and a fourth humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the third humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a third unrearranged variable region of the third human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the fourth humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may comprise a fourth unrearranged variable region of the fourth human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the third unrearranged variable region and the fourth unrearranged variable region may be kappa hetero-variable regions.
- the kappa heterotype variable region may have one or more of the following differences: i) a synonymous mutation or a nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the third human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a third human individual, and the fourth human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a fourth human individual.
- the third human subject and the fourth human subject may be different from each other.
- the third human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a third race
- the fourth human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race.
- the third race and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the third race may be the same as the first race.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, and the fourth race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or It may be a race selected from the group consisting of Negro (Negroid)), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race.
- the transgenic non-human-animal has two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- transgenic non-human-animals may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the transgenic animal has a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene loci (humanized IGH loci) and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene loci (humanized IGL loci) transgenic non-human-animals.
- the transgenic non-human-animal is a transgenic having two alleles each for a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (humanized IGH) and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (humanized IGL). It may be a non-human-animal.
- the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include unrearranged V, D and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be a first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be heavy chain hetero-variable regions.
- the heavy chain heterologous variable regions may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a second human subject.
- the first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin lambda gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin lambda gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the hetero-alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be a third humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene and a fourth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the third humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a third unrearranged variable region of the third human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the fourth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may comprise a fourth unrearranged variable region of the fourth human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the third unrearranged variable region and the fourth unrearranged variable region may be lambda hetero-variable regions.
- the lambda heterozygous variable region may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the third human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a third human individual, and the fourth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a fourth human individual. The third human subject and the fourth human subject may be different from each other.
- the third human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a third race
- the fourth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race.
- the third race and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the third race may be the same as the first race.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, and the fourth race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or It may be a race selected from the group consisting of Negro (Negroid)), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race.
- the transgenic non-human-animal has two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- transgenic non-human-animals may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the transgenic animal has a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene loci (humanized IGK loci) and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene loci (humanized IGL loci) transgenic non-human-animals.
- the transgenic non-human-animal is a transgenic non-human having two alleles each for a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (humanized IGK) and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (humanized IGL). -Can be an animal.
- the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin kappa gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin kappa gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be a first humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be kappa hetero-variable regions.
- the kappa heterotype variable region may have one or more of the following differences: i) a synonymous mutation or a nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a second human subject. The first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin lambda gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin lambda gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the hetero-alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be a third humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene and a fourth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the third humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a third unrearranged variable region of the third human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the fourth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may comprise a fourth unrearranged variable region of the fourth human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the third unrearranged variable region and the fourth unrearranged variable region may be lambda hetero-variable regions.
- the lambda heterozygous variable region may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the third human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a third human individual, and the fourth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a fourth human individual. The third human subject and the fourth human subject may be different from each other.
- the third human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a third race
- the fourth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race.
- the third race and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the third race may be the same as the first race.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, and the fourth race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or It may be a race selected from the group consisting of Negro (Negroid)), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race.
- the transgenic non-human-animal has two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin kappa gene and two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- transgenic non-human-animals The non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the transgenic animal is a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene loci (humanized IGH loci), a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene loci (humanized IGK loci) and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda loci ( and a transgenic non-human-animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene loci; humanized IGL loci).
- the transgenic non-human-animal is a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (humanized IGH), a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (humanized IGK), and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene; humanized).
- the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include unrearranged V, D and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be a first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may include a first unrearranged variable region of the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the second humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may comprise a second unrearranged variable region of a second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- the first unrearranged variable region and the second unrearranged variable region may be heavy chain hetero-variable regions.
- the heavy chain heterologous variable regions may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a first human subject
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from a second human subject. The first human subject and the second human subject may be different from each other.
- the first human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a first race
- the second human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race may be different from each other.
- the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin kappa gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin kappa gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may be a third humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene and a fourth humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the third humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may include a third unrearranged variable region of the third human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the fourth humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene may comprise a fourth unrearranged variable region of the fourth human immunoglobulin kappa gene.
- the third unrearranged variable region and the fourth unrearranged variable region may be kappa hetero-variable regions.
- the kappa heterotype variable region may have one or more of the following differences: i) a synonymous mutation or a nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the third human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a third human individual, and the fourth human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from a fourth human individual. The third human subject and the fourth human subject may be different from each other.
- the third human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a third race
- the fourth human immunoglobulin kappa gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race.
- the third race and the fourth race may be different from each other.
- the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin lambda gene and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the variable region of the human immunoglobulin lambda gene may include unrearranged V and J segments.
- the two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be hetero-alleles.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may be a fifth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene and a sixth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the fifth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a fifth unrearranged variable region of the fifth human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the sixth humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene may include a sixth unrearranged variable region of the sixth human immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the fifth unrearranged variable region and the sixth unrearranged variable region may be lambda hetero-variable regions.
- the lambda heterozygous variable region may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the fifth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a fifth human individual
- the sixth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from a sixth human individual. The fifth human subject and the sixth human subject may be different from each other.
- the fifth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a fifth race
- the sixth human immunoglobulin lambda gene may be derived from an individual belonging to a sixth race.
- the fifth race and the sixth race may be different from each other.
- two or more of the first race, the second race, the third race, the fourth race, the fifth race, and the sixth race may be the same race.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, the fourth race, the fifth race, and the sixth race may be different from each other.
- the first race, the second race, the third race, the fourth race, the fifth race, and the sixth race are Caucasian (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid), Malay, Polynesian, or Australian race may be each selected from the group consisting of.
- the transgenic non-human-animal comprises i) two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene; ii) two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin kappa gene; and iii) a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles from different races for the immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the present invention provides a method for constructing a transgenic animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- the transgenic animal may be a transgenic non-human-animal having two alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the two alleles may be hetero-alleles.
- the transgenic animal may be an animal other than a human, such as a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a goat, a monkey, a cow, a pig, a camel, and a chicken.
- a transgenic animal can be prepared using two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the transgenic animal cells may be non-human mammalian cells or avian cells.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene can be prepared using a known method such as a cloning method using a vector and a method using a chromosome exchange. have.
- the method can produce a transgenic animal using two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the method may use a somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method.
- SCNT somatic cell nuclear transfer
- the method can produce a transgenic animal using embryos of two or more transgenic animals having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the method can be produced by implanting the embryos of the two or more animals in the womb of a surrogate mother, respectively, to produce a transgenic animal, and crossing the produced transgenic animal.
- the method can produce a transgenic animal using embryonic stem cells of two or more transgenic animals having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the method can produce a transgenic animal by transplanting the embryonic stem cells into the blastocyst to produce a chimeric blastocyst, and implanting the chimeric blastocyst into the uterus of a surrogate mother.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an antibody using a transgenic animal having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- the method may include injecting an antigen into the transgenic animal. Through the antigen injection, the transgenic animal can produce an antibody specific for the antigen.
- the antigen-specific antibody may be produced by recombination (rearrangement) of the humanized immunoglobulin gene at the humanized immunoglobulin locus.
- the transgenic animal may be a non-human-animal.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- the antibody production method may include injecting an antigen into a heterozygous transgenic animal.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene.
- the immunoglobulin may be a humanized immunoglobulin gene
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may have a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus having a heterozygous allele for a humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene, and/or a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can produce an antibody specific for the antigen.
- the antigen-specific antibody may be produced by recombination (rearrangement) of any one of the heterologous alleles.
- the method for producing an antibody may include injecting an antigen into a heterozygous transgenic animal.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene.
- the immunoglobulin may be a humanized immunoglobulin gene
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may have a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus having a heterozygous allele for a humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene, and/or a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- the heterozygous alleles may have one or more of the following differences: i) Synonymous mutation or nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can produce an antibody specific for the antigen.
- the antigen-specific antibody may be produced by recombination (rearrangement) of any one of the heterologous alleles.
- the present invention relates to a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene. More specifically, the immunoglobulin gene is a humanized immunoglobulin gene, and the heterozygous transgenic animal is a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can be used for human antibody production. In particular, the heterozygous transgenic animal can be used to secure the diversity of the antibody repertoire (antibody repertoire).
- first allele an individual-derived humanized immunoglobulin gene belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene (second allele) derived from an individual belonging to a second race as heterozygous alleles.
- second allele a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from an individual belonging to a second race as heterozygous alleles.
- It can be: i) a synonymous mutation or a nonsynonymous mutation by SNP; ii) allelic variation to the V segment; iii) copy number variation (CNV) of the segment; iv) copy number variation (CNV) of the open reading frame (ORF); and v) nucleic acid deletions, insertions or duplications of 8-75 Kb in length.
- “Homologous chromosome” means a pair of chromosomes having the same shape and size in the nucleus of a cell. Genes related to the same trait exist at the same position on both chromosomes, and this relationship is called an allele.
- an “allele or allele” is the smallest unit for expressing a specific trait within a genome having the same location on homologous chromosomes, that is, a gene locus.
- One pair of alleles exists for each gene in the autosome of diploid organisms with a genome of 2n like humans, and each allele is derived from one maternal line and one from the paternal line.
- a homoallele homo-allele
- hetero-allele hetero-allele
- the allele of immunoglobulin is an allele that exists in the germline, and is included in an unrearranged variable region.
- the rearranged variable region ie, V, D, J or V, J
- V, J includes a recombined variable region, it is referred to as a recombination allele.
- locus locus
- a “gene locus or locus” means a specific fixed location within a chromosome in which a specific gene is located. For haploid cells, there is one locus for a particular gene. In diploid cells, there are two loci for a particular gene. In this case, the two loci may each contain the same allele for a specific gene, that is, a homozygous allele. Alternatively, the two loci may each contain different alleles for a particular gene, ie, heterozygous alleles.
- locus or locus refers to a region in which a specific gene is normally transcribed. That is, it refers to a region in a chromosome that includes all elements necessary for the normal expression of a specific gene, such as exons, introns, promoters, enhancers, and locus control regions (LCR).
- immunoglobulin heavy chain locus immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (immunoglobulin heavy locus (loci); IGH) refers to the site in which the gene for the immunoglobulin heavy chain in the chromosome is located, and all elements necessary for the normal expression of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene ( It means a region including a promoter, an enhancer, a variable region gene, a constant region gene, etc.).
- Immunoglobulin heavy locus IGH locus (loci)
- immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH locus (loci)) is located in which the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, including V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining) and C (constant) segments, is located It refers to a fixed location within a chromosome.
- immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (immunoglobulin heavy locus; IGH locus (loci)) is an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene comprising V (variable), D (diversity), J (joining) and C (constant) segments. It means a region that normally transcribes.
- the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus includes the recombined V-D-J region due to recombination of the segments during B cell development.
- the segments contained in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in the genome of the B cells during each developmental process may be subject to recombination.
- the germline immunoglobulin heavy chain locus comprises all of the unrecombined V, D, J and C segments, wherein the unrecombined V, D and J segments are defined as “unrearranged variable regions”. (unrearranged variable region)”.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus comprises multiple V segments, multiple D segments and multiple J segments.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus comprises 38-46 V segments, 23 D segments, and 6 J segments.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus contains 109 V segments, 19 D segments and 4 J segments.
- each segment may have different alleles (segments) for each individual.
- Information on alleles of some segments is compiled in the ImMunoGeneTics information system database (IMGT).
- the V segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is referred to as IGHV, the D segment as IGHD, and the J segment as IGHJ.
- the C segment of the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is also referred to as IGHC.
- Immunoglobulin lambda locus IGL locus (loci)
- immunoglobulin lambda locus (IGL locus (loci)) is a fixed in the chromosome in which the immunoglobulin lambda gene comprising V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant) segments is located. means location.
- the “immunoglobulin lambda locus (IGL locus (loci))” refers to the normal transcription of an immunoglobulin lambda gene including V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant) segments. means area.
- the immunoglobulin lambda locus includes the recombined V-J region due to recombination during the development of B cells.
- the segments contained in the immunoglobulin lambda locus in the genome of B cells during each developmental process may be subject to recombination.
- the germline immunoglobulin lambda locus contains all V, J, and C segments in an unrecombined state, where the unrecombined V and J segments are referred to as “unrearranged variable regions”. )” is called.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin lambda locus comprises multiple V segments and multiple J segments.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin lambda locus comprises 33 V segments and 5 J segments.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin lambda locus contains 3 to 8 V segments and 4 J segments. In this case, each segment may have different alleles (segments) for each individual. Information on alleles of some segments is compiled in the ImMunoGeneTics information system database (IMGT).
- IMGT ImMunoGeneTics information system database
- the V segment of the immunoglobulin lambda locus is referred to as IGLV and the J segment as IGLJ.
- the C segment of the constant region of the immunoglobulin lambda locus is also referred to as IGLC.
- Immunoglobulin kappa locus (IGK locus (loci))
- Immunoglobulin kappa locus (IGK locus (loci)) is a fixed in the chromosome in which the immunoglobulin kappa gene comprising V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant) segments is located. means location.
- the “immunoglobulin kappa locus (IGK locus (loci))” refers to the normal transcription of an immunoglobulin kappa gene including V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant) segments. means area.
- the immunoglobulin kappa locus includes the recombined V-J region due to recombination during the development of B cells.
- the segments contained in the immunoglobulin kappa locus in the genome of B cells during each developmental process may be subject to recombination.
- the germline immunoglobulin kappa locus contains all V, J, and C segments in an unrecombined state, wherein the unrecombined V and J segments are "unrearranged variable regions”. )” is called.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin kappa locus comprises multiple V segments and multiple J segments.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin kappa locus comprises 34 to 48 V segments and 5 J segments.
- the unrearranged variable region of the immunoglobulin kappa locus contains 91 V segments and 4 J segments. In this case, each segment may have different alleles (segments) for each individual. Information on alleles of some segments is compiled in the ImMunoGeneTics information system database (IMGT).
- IMGT ImMunoGeneTics information system database
- the V segment of the immunoglobulin kappa locus is referred to as IGKV, and the J segment is referred to as IGKJ.
- the C segment of the constant region of the immunoglobulin kappa locus is also referred to as IGKC.
- “Humanized or humanized” is a term meaning that all or part of an object is human or of human origin, and when the term is used in conjunction with a gene, i.e., a humanized gene is a non-human-animal It refers to a condition in which all or part of a nucleic acid sequence of a specific gene is replaced with a nucleic acid sequence of a human gene or has the same nucleic acid sequence as a human gene.
- the mouse humanized immunoglobulin gene may be a mouse immunoglobulin gene, ie, a gene comprising the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene instead of the variable region of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene.
- the mouse humanized immunoglobulin gene may be a mouse immunoglobulin gene, ie, a gene including the constant region of a human immunoglobulin gene instead of the constant region of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene.
- the mouse humanized immunoglobulin gene may include a mouse immunoglobulin gene, that is, a human immunoglobulin gene instead of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene.
- the mouse humanized immunoglobulin gene comprises a portion of the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene (V segment) instead of a portion (e.g., V segment) of a mouse immunoglobulin gene, i.e., an endogenous immunoglobulin gene, and may be a gene.
- a humanized locus refers to a state having all or part of the nucleic acid sequence of a human gene within a specific locus of a non-human-animal.
- the rat humanized immunoglobulin locus may be a rat immunoglobulin locus, ie, a locus that contains the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene instead of the variable region of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene within an endogenous immunoglobulin locus.
- the rat humanized immunoglobulin locus may be a rat immunoglobulin locus, ie, a locus comprising the constant region of a human immunoglobulin gene instead of the constant region of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene within the endogenous immunoglobulin locus.
- the rat humanized immunoglobulin locus may be a rat immunoglobulin locus, ie, a locus containing a human immunoglobulin gene instead of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene in the endogenous immunoglobulin locus.
- the rat humanized immunoglobulin locus may be a rat immunoglobulin locus, i.e., a portion of the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene (J segment) instead of a portion of the variable region of an endogenous immunoglobulin gene within the endogenous immunoglobulin locus (eg, J segment).
- segment may be a locus containing
- Race is a concept that arbitrarily divides and categorizes a population group recognized as having differences in physical, social, and cultural characteristics among humans, and can be classified in various ways depending on the classification method. In general, a method of classifying white people, black people, and yellow people based on morphological criteria such as skin color is most widely used.
- race is geographically and morphologically based on Caucasian race (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid), They were divided into Malay and Polynesian (Polynesian, or Australian race).
- the Caucasian race (or Caucasoid race) is a Caucasian, distributed throughout Europe, North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, Northern India, South America, and North America, with white skin, some brown, broad forehead, It has features such as a high nose, blue-brown or black eyes, and a lot of body hair, but the morphological features are not limited thereto.
- Mongolians are yellow people distributed in Asia (East Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Asia Minor, Central Asia), Mongolia, Siberia, Indochina, Hungary, and Finland, and their skin is mainly yellow, Some are light brown, and have characteristics such as a broad forehead, a low nose, black straight hair, and little body hair, but the morphological characteristics are not limited thereto.
- Black (or Negro, Negroid) is a black person distributed in Africa, North America, etc., whose skin is coppery or dark brown, has thick lips, a low nose, dark eyes, little body hair, and a high head, but has the characteristics of Enemy characteristics are not limited thereto. Black people can be divided into the Congoid race (blacks from the South Pacific, such as Australians) and the Capoid race (black natives from southern Africa).
- the Malay race is distributed in Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and Melanesia, and the skin is brown and has characteristics similar to those of the Mongolians, but the morphological characteristics are not limited thereto.
- Polynesian (or Australoid race) is a race distributed in the Pacific Islands such as Hawaii, Western Samoa, New Zealand, and Easter Island. Morphological characteristics are not limited thereto.
- One aspect disclosed by the present specification relates to a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene.
- the immunoglobulin gene is a humanized immunoglobulin gene
- the heterozygous transgenic animal is a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal has a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can be used for human antibody production.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can be used to secure the diversity of the antibody repertoire (antibody repertoire).
- each clone can produce antibodies that specifically recognize different antigens.
- mechanisms of antibody diversity are the V, D and J segments in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes; and various recombinations (or rearrangements) of the V and J segments in the light chain gene. Also included are pairings of various combinations of rearranged heavy and light chains. Other mechanisms include somatic mutation, removal or insertion of nucleotides at the segment junction during segment assembly, and the like.
- the antibody repertoire is the entire set of antibodies produced by these various mechanisms, generally referring to the entire set of antibodies produced by an individual. Therefore, securing the diversity of the antibody repertoire may be to increase the diversity of antibodies that specifically recognize an antigen.
- securing the diversity of the antibody repertoire may be securing an antibody with increased specificity for an antigen.
- the diversity of the antibody repertoire can be secured by allelic exclusion and diversification of immunoglobulin alleles (eg, using differences in alleles between individuals and races, etc.). To this end, it is necessary to develop a transgenic animal heterozygous for the immunoglobulin gene rather than a transgenic animal homozygous for the immunoglobulin gene.
- transgenic animals currently used to produce human antibodies are homozygous transgenic animals having a homo-allele for the immunoglobulin gene. That is, transgenic animals in which a pair of alleles for an immunoglobulin gene have the same allele are being used for human antibody research and production.
- immunoglobulins in a number of patents including US8,502,018, US9,371,553, US9,379,699, US9,447,177, US10,064,398, US9,504,236, US9,783,593, US9,445,581, US9,938,357 and US9,788,534 It discloses the production of a transgenic mouse homozygous for a gene and a method for producing a human antibody using the same.
- Allelic exclusion refers to a phenomenon in which only one of the two alleles of a diploid is exclusively expressed and functions normally while the other allele is not expressed.
- the phenomenon of allele exclusion can cause only one allele to work in two ways. The first is a method of regulating transcription of only one of the two alleles by chromatin remodeling. The second method is to produce a protein in which both alleles are transcribed, but only mRNA derived from one allele functions normally.
- the most well-known phenomenon of allele exclusion is a process in which B cells (B lymphocytes) express only one type of B cell receptor (BCR).
- immunoglobulin genes are rearranged by randomly selecting one of the two alleles during the course of B cell development.
- the substantially expressed genotype is one of the alleles, and when rearrangement of one allele normally proceeds, rearrangement of the other allele does not proceed. Alternatively, when rearrangement of one allele does not proceed normally, rearrangement of the other allele will proceed. This allele exclusion of immunoglobulin genes ensures that one B cell has specificity for only one antigen.
- This allele exclusion of the immunoglobulin gene is important in securing the diversity of the antibody repertoire.
- recombination of V, D, and J segments or V and J segments of an immunoglobulin gene occurs during the allele exclusion process, and the diversity of the antibody repertoire is secured by various recombination accordingly.
- germline gene diversity either homozygous or heterozygous
- a difference may occur in the diversity of the B cell repertoire formed by the allele exclusion phenomenon.
- B cell repertoire diversity refers to multiple V, D and/or J segments contained in unrearranged variable regions before the immunoglobulin genes are rearranged during B cell development. Due to the diversity of More specifically, B-cell repertoire diversity is generally due to the diversity of alleles inherited from paternal and maternal lines. Germline gene diversity arises from the diversity of alleles inherited from paternal and maternal lines, ie, differences in some V, D and/or J segments. This germline genetic diversity plays an important role in the diversity of the B cell repertoire. For example, germline gene diversity may increase the number of cases of rearrangement of V, D and/or J segments during B cell development.
- the immunoglobulin gene is rearranged by randomly selecting one of the two alleles during the development of B cells according to the allele exclusion phenomenon.
- the substantially expressed genotype is one of the alleles, and when rearrangement of one allele normally proceeds, rearrangement of the other allele does not proceed. Alternatively, when rearrangement of one allele does not proceed normally, rearrangement of the other allele will proceed. Therefore, there may be differences in the diversity of the B cell repertoire formed depending on the presence or absence of alleles of homozygous or heterozygous alleles. In particular, when the allele is a heterozygous allele, the B-cell repertoire diversity may increase compared to the homozygous allele.
- transgenic animals for antibody production are homozygous transgenic animals having a homo-allele with respect to an immunoglobulin gene, and the diversity of antibody repertoire is limited.
- Transgenic animals carrying heterozygous alleles for immunoglobulin genes may have increased germline diversity. This is due to differences in heterozygous alleles. In addition, these heterozygous allele differences can affect the diversity of the antibody repertoire.
- alleles of the immunoglobulin gene in mammals are inherited from the paternal line and the maternal line, respectively, and are heterozygous alleles.
- the differences between the two alleles range from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to deletion, insertion, or duplication of some regions of the gene (Chimge, NO et al. (2005) “Determination of gene”). organization in the human IGHV region on single chromosomes.” Genes Immun. 6, 186-193; Li, H. et al. (2002) “Genetic diversity of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain VH region.” Immunol. Rev. 190, 53 -68; Kidd, MJ et al.
- the allele of the immunoglobulin gene of an individual belonging to a Caucasian race is the immunity of an individual belonging to a black (or Negro, Negroid) individual. It was confirmed that there was a significant difference from the allele of the globulin gene (Scheepers, C. et al. (2015) “Ability to develop broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies is not restricted by the germline IG gene repertoire.” J. Immunol. 194, 4371-4378; and Wang, Y. et al. (2011) “Genomic screening by 454 pyrosequencing identifies a new human IGHV gene and sixteen other new IGHV allelic variants.” Immunogenetics 63, 259-265).
- heterologous alleles makes it possible to obtain diversity in the antibody repertoire.
- the diversity of the antibody repertoire may vary with differences in heterologous alleles. Greater differences between heterozygous alleles may increase the diversity of the antibody repertoire generated.
- two alleles from different individuals human individuals
- a human antibody can be produced using a transgenic animal having a first humanized humanized immunoglobulin gene (first allele) and a second humanized humanized immunoglobulin gene (second allele) as heterozygous alleles. have.
- first human entity and the second human entity may be different entities.
- the first allele and the second allele show a difference in an unrearranged variable region.
- unrearranged variable regions between heterozygous alleles may have the following differences (Watson CT et al. (2017) “The individual and population genetics of antibody immunity.” Trends Immunol. 38 (7), 459-470):
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- CNV copy number variation
- two alleles from different races may be used in transgenic animals for antibody production.
- a transgenic animal having as heterologous alleles a humanized immunoglobulin gene (first allele) derived from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene (second allele) derived from an individual belonging to a second race is used to human antibodies can be produced.
- first allele and the second allele show a difference in an unrearranged variable region.
- unrearranged variable regions between heterozygous alleles may have the following differences (Watson CT et al. (2017) “The individual and population genetics of antibody immunity.” Trends Immunol. 38 (7), 459-470):
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- CNV copy number variation
- the difference between the heterozygous alleles as described above can increase the diversity of the antibody repertoire by securing germline gene diversity.
- a single nucleotide polymorphism is a genetic change or mutation that shows a difference in one nucleotide sequence in a DNA nucleotide sequence, and usually appears one in every 1,000 nucleotide sequences in the genome, resulting in genetic diversity.
- Synonymous mutation by SNP refers to a mutation in which the SNP is present in the genome, but there is no change in the amino acids expressed by the SNP.
- synonymous mutations when a point mutation occurs in the genome, that is, DNA, there is a mutation in the transcribed RNA sequence, but there is no mutation in the translated amino acid.
- nonsynonymous mutations by SNPs include SNPs by substitution, insertion, or deletion of one nucleotide in the genome, and the codon sequence is changed or frame-shift mutations occur by these SNPs to modify the expressed amino acids. say mutations.
- nonsynonymous mutation when one nucleotide is substituted, inserted or deleted in the genome, that is, in the DNA sequence, the reading frame of the codon sequence is changed accordingly, and the expressed protein or amino acid is modified.
- allelic mutation of the V segment refers to the inclusion of one or more polymorphism mutations in some of the V segments present in the variable region of an immunoglobulin.
- segment V1-69 of the V segments in the variable region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene is IGHV1-69*01, IGHV1-69*02, IGHV1-69*03, IGHV1-69*04, IGHV1-69*05 , IGHV1-69*06, IGHV1-69*07, IGHV1-69*08, IGHV1-69*09, IGHV1-69*10, IGHV1-69*11, IGHV1-69*12 and IGHV1-69*13, etc. Alleles are present.
- Segment copy number variation refers to deletion or repetition (duplication) of some of the V, J, and/or D segments constituting the variable region of an immunoglobulin.
- D1-14 segments among the D segments may overlap within the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, and in this case, the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be said to have a segment copy number variation.
- the V2-28 segment among the V segments in the variable region of the immunoglobulin kappa gene may be deleted. In this case, the immunoglobulin kappa gene may be said to have a segment copy number variation.
- ORF open reading frame
- Immunoglobulin genes can be modified by deletion, insertion or duplication of large nucleic acid segments.
- a region of an immunoglobulin gene may be deleted or duplicated.
- a region may be inserted into the immunoglobulin gene.
- the one region may be a large nucleic acid sequence of at least 8 to 75 kb in length. Mutations created by deletion, insertion, or duplication of such large nucleic acid fragments may result in copy number variations of certain segments.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein may have a genome including a hetero-allele for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in order to secure diversity in the antibody repertoire.
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals. In this case, the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterologous allele may be a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene from an individual belonging to a first race (first allele) and a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene from an individual belonging to a second race (second allele).
- the first race and the second race are different from each other, and the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (Or Negro (Negroid)), Malay race (Malay), Polynesian (Polynesian), may be a race selected from the group consisting of Australian race (Australoid race), respectively.
- the first allele and the second allele may have a difference in one or more of the following:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein may have a genome including a hetero-allele for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene in order to secure diversity in the antibody repertoire.
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals. In this case, the different individuals may be different human subjects. In this case, the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterozygous allele may be a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (first allele) derived from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (second allele) derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race are different from each other, and the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (Or Negro (Negroid)), Malay race (Malay), Polynesian (Polynesian), may be a race selected from the group consisting of Australian race (Australoid race), respectively.
- the first allele and the second allele may have a difference in one or more of the following:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein may have a genome including a hetero-allele for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene in order to secure diversity in the antibody repertoire.
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals. In this case, the different individuals may be different human subjects. In this case, the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterozygous allele may be a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (first allele) derived from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (second allele) derived from an individual belonging to a second race.
- the first race and the second race are different from each other, and the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (Or Negro (Negroid)), Malay race (Malay), Polynesian (Polynesian), may be a race selected from the group consisting of Australian race (Australoid race), respectively.
- the first allele and the second allele may have a difference in one or more of the following:
- CNV copy number variation
- Hetero-allelic immunoglobulin heavy IGH
- Hetero-allelic immunoglobulin Kappa IGK
- Hetero-allelic immunoglobulin Lambda IGL
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein contains a hetero-allele for each of the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene in order to secure diversity of the antibody repertoire. It may have a genome comprising
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals. In this case, the different individuals may be different human subjects. In this case, the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene include a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (first allele heavy chain gene) from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene derived from an individual belonging to a second race (second allele) 2 allele heavy chain gene).
- first race and the second race are different from each other.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene are a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (first allele kappa gene) derived from an individual belonging to a third race and a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race (a second allele kappa gene) ) can be
- the third race and the fourth race are different from each other.
- the first race may be the same as the third race or the fourth race.
- Said first race, second race, third race and fourth race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), Black (or Negro) Negro, Negroid)), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race may be each selected from the group consisting of races.
- the first allele heavy chain gene and the second allele heavy chain gene; and the first allelic kappa gene and the second allelic kappa gene may each have a difference of one or more of the following:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein has a hetero-allele for each of the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene in order to secure diversity of the antibody repertoire. It may have a genome comprising
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals. In this case, the different individuals may be different human subjects. In this case, the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene include a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (first allele heavy chain gene) from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene derived from an individual belonging to a second race (second allele) 2 allele heavy chain gene).
- the first race and the second race are different from each other.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene include a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (first allele lambda gene) derived from an individual belonging to a third race and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (second allele lambda gene) derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race.
- the third race and the fourth race are different from each other.
- the first race may be the same as the third race or the fourth race.
- Said first race, second race, third race and fourth race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), Black (or Negro) Negro, Negroid)), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race may be each selected from the group consisting of races.
- the first allele heavy chain gene and the second allele heavy chain gene; and the first allele lambda gene and the second allele lambda gene may each have a difference of one or more of:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein has a hetero-allele for each of the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene and the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene in order to secure diversity in the antibody repertoire.
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals.
- the different individuals may be different human subjects.
- the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene is a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (first allele kappa gene) derived from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene derived from an individual belonging to a second race (third race). 2 allele kappa gene).
- first race and the second race are different from each other.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene include a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (first allele lambda gene) derived from an individual belonging to a third race and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (second allele lambda gene) derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race. ) can be The third race and the fourth race are different from each other. In this case, the first race may be the same as the third race or the fourth race.
- Said first race, second race, third race and fourth race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), Black (or Negro) Negro, Negroid)), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race may be each selected from the group consisting of races.
- the first allele kappa gene and the second allele kappa gene; and the first allele lambda gene and the second allele lambda gene may each have a difference of one or more of:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal disclosed herein is heterozygous for each of the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene and the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene in order to secure diversity of the antibody repertoire. It may have a genome comprising a hetero-allele.
- the heterozygous allele may be two alleles from different individuals. In this case, the different individuals may be different human subjects. In this case, the different individuals may be individuals belonging to different races.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene include a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (first allele heavy chain gene) from an individual belonging to a first race and a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene derived from an individual belonging to a second race (second allele) 2 allele heavy chain gene).
- first race and the second race are different from each other.
- the heterologous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene are a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene (first allele kappa gene) derived from an individual belonging to a third race and a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene derived from an individual belonging to a fourth race (a second allele kappa gene) ) can be The third race and the fourth race are different from each other.
- the heterozygous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene include a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (first allele lambda gene) derived from an individual belonging to race 5 and a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene (second allele lambda gene) derived from an individual belonging to race 6 ) can be
- the fifth race and the sixth race are different from each other.
- two or more races selected from the first race, the second race, the third race, the fourth race, the fifth race, and the sixth race may be the same race.
- the first race, second race, third race, fourth race, fifth race, and sixth race are Caucasian (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race) )), black (or Negro, Negroid), Malay, Polynesian, and Australian race may be each selected from the group consisting of races.
- the first allele heavy chain gene and the second allele heavy chain gene; a first allele kappa gene and a second allele kappa gene; and the first allele lambda gene and the second allele lambda gene may each have a difference of one or more of:
- CNV copy number variation
- the transgenic animal may be a non-human-animal
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or a bird (aves).
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- Germline genetic diversity according to heterozygous alleles increases the diversity of the B cell repertoire.
- Immunoglobulin genes are usually expressed by randomly selecting one of the two alleles (Judith A. Owen, Jenni Punt, Sharon A. Stranford, (2013) Kuby Immunology (7th edition), Chapter7, WH Freeman & Company) ). That is, recombination of V, D, J or V, J segments in one allele (eg, first allele) randomly selected from two alleles (first allele and second allele) of an immunoglobulin gene When (or rearrangement) occurs and a VDJ combination or VJ combination is normally formed, the second allele is not expressed and only the recombined first allele is expressed.
- VDJ combination or VJ combination if a normal VDJ combination or VJ combination is not formed in the first allele, recombination (or rearrangement) of the V, D, J or V, J segments occurs in the second allele.
- a normal VDJ combination or VJ combination is formed in the second allele, the first allele is not expressed and only the normally recombined second allele is expressed.
- immunoglobulin heavy chain, kappa and lambda genes are common to immunoglobulin heavy chain, kappa and lambda genes.
- recombination (or rearrangement) of V, D, J or V, J segments is known to occur in the order of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, kappa gene, and lambda gene.
- the single allele expression characteristic according to recombination (rearrangement) of these immunoglobulin genes can increase the diversity of recombination when heterozygous alleles are used, compared to when homozygous alleles are used.
- the diversity of the antibody repertoire may be increased by heterologous alleles, since the number of recombinations caused by two different alleles is much higher than the number of recombinations caused by the same two alleles.
- nucleotide deletions or insertions at the segment junction that occur during recombination (or rearrangement) of V, D, J or V, J segments are generated.
- Such nucleotide removals or insertions result in junctional diversity (Judith A. Owen, Jenni Punt, Sharon A. Stranford, (2013) Kuby Immunology (7th edition), Chapter7, W. H. Freeman & Company).
- junctional diversity can increase the diversity of the antibody repertoire along with recombination (rearrangement) of immunoglobulin genes.
- the diversity of the antibody repertoire can be increased when using heterozygous alleles compared to homozygous alleles.
- Another aspect disclosed by the present specification relates to a method for producing a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene.
- the immunoglobulin gene is a humanized immunoglobulin gene
- the heterozygous transgenic animal is a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal has a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can be used for human antibody production.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can be used to secure the diversity of the antibody repertoire (antibody repertoire).
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be prepared using cells of two or more transgenic animals having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene can be prepared using a known method such as a cloning method using a vector and a method using a chromosome exchange.
- a known method such as a cloning method using a vector and a method using a chromosome exchange.
- a cloning method using the vector reference may be made to US Patents US 6,586,251, US 6,596,541, US 7,105,348, and US Patent Publication US 2004-0018626 A1, but is not limited thereto.
- the method using the chromosome exchange may refer to PCT application patent PCT/KR2019/015351 and Korean patent application KR 10-2019-0042840, but is not limited thereto.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a non-human-animal other than a human.
- the non-human-animal may be a mammal other than a human or an aves.
- the mammal may be rodents, ungulates, or non-human primates.
- the rodent may be a mouse, a rat, etc.
- the ungulate may be a rabbit, a goat, a cow, a pig, a camel, etc.
- the primate other than a human may be a chimpanzee, a monkey, etc.
- the bird may be a chicken, a quail, etc. , but not limited thereto.
- two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be prepared using a chromosome exchange (or replacement, substitution) technique.
- the two or more transgenic animal cells may be a first transgenic animal cell and a second transgenic animal cell.
- the first transgenic animal cell may be prepared by the following method:
- the human cell derived from an individual belonging to the first race is a cell engineered to include recombinant elements (eg, loxp, FRT, attP, attB, ITR, etc.) at both ends of the variable region of a human immunoglobulin locus
- the non-human -The animal cell may be a cell engineered to include a recombinant element (eg, loxp, FRT, attP, attB, ITR, etc.) at both ends of the variable region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin locus.
- the recombinant elements at both ends of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin locus and the recombinant elements at both ends of the variable region of the non-human-animal immunoglobulin locus may be paired with each other.
- both ends of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin locus may include Lox66 and Loxm2/71 as recombinant elements, respectively, and both ends of the variable region of the non-human-animal immunoglobulin locus are recombinant elements, respectively, Loxm2 May contain /66 and Lox71.
- the Lox66 may pair with Lox71
- the Loxm2/71 may pair with Loxm2/66.
- step b)
- the microcells may be prepared by a known method using human cells derived from an individual belonging to the first race. This is described in the documents “Thorfinn Ege et al 1974” and “Thorfinn Ege et al 1977”, which can be referred to.
- the fusion non-human-animal cell may be prepared by contacting and fusing the microcell prepared in step b) with the non-human-animal cell. This is described in “Fournier RE et al 1977”; McNeill CA et al 1980”; and “Tomizuka et al., Nature Genetics, 16: 133 (1997)”, which may be referred to.
- the fusion non-human-animal cell may include a chromosome having a human immunoglobulin locus of a human cell derived from an individual belonging to a first race and a chromosome having a non-human-animal immunoglobulin locus.
- step d)
- a first transgenic animal cell having a humanized immunoglobulin locus may be prepared by treating the fusion non-human-animal cell prepared in step c) with a recombinant enzyme.
- the recombinant enzyme may be Cre recombinase.
- the Cre recombinase is a recombinant element (eg, Lox66 and Loxm2/71) at both ends of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin locus and a recombinant element (eg, at both ends of the variable region of the non-human-animal immunoglobulin locus)
- Loxm2/66 and Lox71 can be recognized.
- Cre recombinase can induce recombination by recognizing pairings of recombination elements (eg, Lox66 and Lox71 pairing, Loxm2/71 and Loxm2/66 pairing).
- Such recombination may produce a humanized immunoglobulin locus, wherein the humanized immunoglobulin locus may include a variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene from an individual belonging to a first race and a constant region of a non-human-animal immunoglobulin gene. have.
- the second transgenic animal cell may be prepared by the same method as the above-described method for preparing the first transgenic animal cell. However, it may be prepared by using individual-derived human cells belonging to the second race instead of the individual-derived human cells belonging to the first race.
- the first race and the second race may be different races.
- the first race and the second race are Caucasian (or Caucasoid race), Mongolian (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), black (or Negro, Negroid),
- the race may be each selected from the group consisting of a Malay race, a Polynesian race, and an Australian race.
- the first race may be a Caucasian race
- the second race may be a black race
- the individual-derived human cells belonging to the first race may be BJ cells (ATCC® CRL-2522TM, ethnicity is white), which are individual-derived human fibroblasts belonging to the Caucasian race
- the individual-derived human cell belonging to the subject may be a WS1 cell (ATCC® CRL-1502TM, ethnicity is black), which is a human fibroblast derived from an individual belonging to a black race.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be prepared through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the transgenic animal cells are two or more transgenic animal cells having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from different individuals, a first transgenic animal cell having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from a first subject and a second transgenic animal cell derived from a second subject. a second transgenic animal cell having a humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene of the first transgenic animal cell and the humanized immunoglobulin gene of the second transgenic animal cell may have one or more of the following differences:
- CNV copy number variation
- donor nuclei are obtained from the first transgenic animal cells and the second transgenic animal cells, respectively, and the donor nuclei are respectively transplanted into denucleated oocytes to produce cloned eggs, and the cloned eggs are
- the SCNT may be one using a known method.
- the produced offspring can be crossed with each other to obtain a heterozygous transgenic animal.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be prepared using two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the transgenic animal cells may be transgenic embryos.
- the transgenic embryo embryo (embryo) is two or more transgenic embryos having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from different individuals, a first transgenic embryo having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from a first individual and a first transgenic embryo having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from a second individual and a second transformed embryo having a humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene of the first transgenic embryo and the humanized immunoglobulin gene of the second transgenic embryo may have one or more of the following differences:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal is obtained by implanting the first transgenic embryo and the second transgenic embryo into the uterus of a surrogate mother, generating live offspring from each embryo, and crossing the produced offspring with each other, a known method may have been used.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be prepared by blastocyst injection using two or more transgenic animal cells having different alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the transgenic animal cells may be transgenic embryonic stem cells (ES cells).
- the transformed embryonic stem cells are two or more transformed embryonic stem cells having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from different individuals, a first transformed embryonic stem cell having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a first individual and a second It may include a second transformed embryonic stem cell having an individual-derived humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene of the first transformed embryonic stem cell and the humanized immunoglobulin gene of the second transformed embryonic stem cell may have one or more of the following differences:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal is prepared by transplanting the first transformed embryonic stem cell and the second transformed embryonic stem cell into a blastocyst, respectively, to produce a chimeric blastocyst, and the chimeric blastocyst is a surrogate mother. It is obtained by implanting in the uterus of , generating individual offspring, and crossing the produced offspring with each other, and may be obtained by using a known method.
- Another aspect disclosed by the present specification relates to a method for producing an antibody using a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene.
- the method may include injecting an antigen into the heterozygous transgenic animal.
- the immunoglobulin gene may be a humanized immunoglobulin gene
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may have a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene, and/or a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- allelic genes may have differences in one or more of the following:
- CNV copy number variation
- the heterozygous transgenic animal can produce an antibody specific for the antigen.
- the antigen-specific antibody may be produced by recombination (rearrangement) of any one of the heterologous alleles.
- Another aspect disclosed by the present specification relates to a method of increasing antibody diversity using a heterozygous transgenic animal having a hetero-allele for an immunoglobulin gene.
- the method may include injecting an antigen into the heterozygous transgenic animal.
- the immunoglobulin gene may be a humanized immunoglobulin gene
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may be a heterozygous transgenic animal having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the heterozygous transgenic animal may have a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus having a heterozygous allele for the humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- the humanized immunoglobulin gene may be a humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, a humanized immunoglobulin kappa gene, and/or a humanized immunoglobulin lambda gene.
- allelic genes may have differences in one or more of the following:
- CNV copy number variation
- the method can obtain an antibody population or a B cell population specific for the antigen from the heterozygous transgenic animal through the antigen injection.
- the antigen-specific antibody population or B cell population may be an antibody population or B cell population produced by recombination (rearrangement) of any one of the heterologous alleles.
- Example 1 Method for producing heterozygous transgenic mice using chromosome exchange
- This embodiment relates to a method for producing a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a genome comprising a humanized immunoglobulin locus, wherein the mouse immunoglobulin gene is humanized, and different heterozygous alleles for the humanized immunoglobulin gene
- Eggplant relates to a transgenic mouse.
- the following description is an overall example of the production of a humanized heterozygous transgenic mouse in which the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of a mouse is substituted (or replaced) with the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene derived from an individual belonging to a different race. , but is not limited thereto.
- Preparation of the desired heterozygous transgenic mouse can be produced by carrying out various modifications based on the Examples described below, and can also be produced by carrying out various methods in addition to the Examples described below.
- Example 1-1 Method for producing a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race
- This example relates to the production of a humanized homozygous transgenic mouse in which the variable region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of a mouse is substituted (or replaced) with a variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene derived from an individual belonging to a black (negro) race.
- a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race was prepared using a chromosome exchange technology (e.g., AiCE technology (refer to PCT application patent PCT/KR2019/015351)) do.
- a vector is designed to insert loxp into both ends of each variable region.
- the inserted loxp is used for recombination between two chromosomes (a mouse chromosome in which a mouse immunoglobulin gene is located and a human chromosome in which a human immunoglobulin gene is located).
- Two vectors are designed to insert loxp at both ends of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin gene.
- the first vector is a first homology arm, piggyBac terminal repeat (PB-TR), a promoter, loxm2/66 (first RRS), bla used to be inserted into the 5' end of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
- PB-TR piggyBac terminal repeat
- first RRS first RRS
- bla used to be inserted into the 5' end of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
- a blasticidin resistant gene, a promoter, FRT and a second homology arm used to insert at the 5' end of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
- the second vector is a third homology arm used for insertion at the 3' end of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, an inverted zeocin resistant gene, FRT, lox71 (second RRS), promoter, neomycin resistance gene (NeoR), piggyBac terminal repeat (PB-TR), and a fourth homology arm used for insertion at the 3' end of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
- two vectors (the third vector and the fourth vector) for inserting loxp into both ends of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin gene are designed.
- the third vector comprises a fifth homology arm, a promoter, a blasticidin resistant gene, lox66 (third RRS) used to be inserted into the 5' end of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, a promoter, FRT, piggyBac terminal repeat (PB-TR) and a sixth homology arm used for insertion at the 5' end of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
- lox66 third RRS
- PB-TR piggyBac terminal repeat
- the fourth vector is a seventh homology arm, piggyBac terminal repeat (PB-TR), which is used to be inserted at the 3' end of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, an inverted zeocin resistant gene (zeocin resistant). gene), FRT, inverted puro ⁇ TK gene, loxm2/71 (4th RRS), promoter, neomycin resistance gene (NeoR) and inserted into the 3' end of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus an eighth homology arm used to become
- PB-TR piggyBac terminal repeat
- the vector design can be designed in various ways according to the insertion position and the type of loxp, and the design can be changed to include various elements for the selection process.
- loxp-inserted mouse cells and human cells derived from an individual belonging to a black race are prepared.
- the introduction of the vector can be performed sequentially or randomly, when there are several vectors, and can be introduced simultaneously.
- the selection process of cells into which the vector has been introduced can be variously modified depending on the elements inserted into the vector.
- the mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) used was a basal culture medium 2i, which was in N2B27 medium without FBS, MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (1 ⁇ M) and GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 (3 ⁇ M) (both from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1,000 U/ml LIF (Milliphore, Billerica, MA, USA) are added as a basal culture medium (2i medium), and the mESCs are 5% CO 2 , 95% wet at 37 ° C. Cultivate for propagation and maintenance in an incubator. Transient transfection was performed using a lipofectamine 3000 or Nepa21 (NEPAGENE Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan) electroporator.
- transient transfection For transient transfection, prepare 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells in FBS and antibiotic-free medium. After adding 10 ⁇ g of the first vector, mix with lipofectamin 3000 reagent, let stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then transfect. Alternatively, 10 ⁇ g of the first vector is added and transfection is performed at 125V, 5ms, 2 pulses. Transfected mESCs are cultured for 24 to 48 hours in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 5% CO 2 , 37°C.
- the transfected mESCs are treated with blasticidin to confirm the insertion of the first vector by whether the cells are viable. After blasticidin treatment, viable mESCs are obtained, and a second vector is transfected into the obtained mESCs in the same manner as the first vector.
- the transfected mESCs are cultured for 24 to 48 hours in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 5% CO 2 , 37°C.
- the transfected mESCs were treated with G418 (Life technologies, NY, USA), and the insertion of the second vector was determined by the survival of the mESCs. check Obtain viable mESCs after G418 treatment.
- mESC obtained after G418 treatment is treated with a recombinase flippase (FLP).
- FLP recombinase flippase
- the FRT-FLP recombination-induced cells are treated with zeocin, and the insertion of the first vector and the second vector in the same chromosome is checked based on whether the mESC survives.
- surviving mESCs are obtained.
- the obtained mESCs were mESCs comprising chromosomes in which loxm2/66 (first RRS) and lox71 (second RRS) were respectively inserted at both ends of the variable region of a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. This selection process is to exclude the case where only one of the first vector and the second vector is inserted into the two alleles, since somatic cells generally have two alleles.
- the human fibrobast used, WS1 cell contains 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA) containing Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM; ATCC® 30-2003TM) medium and 5% CO 2 , Incubated for growth and maintenance in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 37°C. Transient transfection was performed using a lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) or Nepa21 (NEPAGENE Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan) electroporator.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- penicillin-streptomycin Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA
- EMEM Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium
- CO 2 Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium
- transient transfection For transient transfection, prepare 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells in FBS and antibiotic-free medium. After adding 10 ⁇ g of the third vector, mix with lipofectamin 3000 reagent, let stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then transfect. Alternatively, 10 ⁇ g of the third vector is added and transfected at 150V, 7.5ms, 2 pulses. Transfected WS1 cells are cultured for 24 hours to 48 hours in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 5% CO 2 , 37°C.
- the transfected WS1 cells are treated with blasticidin to confirm the insertion of the third vector by whether the WS1 cells are alive or not. .
- blasticidin treatment After blasticidin treatment, a viable WS1 cell was obtained, and the obtained WS1 cell was transfected with the fourth vector in the same manner as the third vector.
- the transfected cells are cultured for 24 hours to 48 hours in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 5% CO 2 , 37°C.
- the transfected WS1 cells were treated with G418 (Life technologies, NY, USA) to determine the survival of the WS1 cells. Confirm the insertion of After G418 treatment, a viable WS1 cell is obtained.
- the WS1 cell obtained after G418 treatment is treated with a recombinase flippase (FLP).
- FLP recombinase flippase
- recombination is induced by FRT present in the two vectors and FLP treated, so that the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is inverted.
- zeocin is treated to FRT-FLP recombination-induced WS1 cells, and the insertion of the third vector and the fourth vector in the same chromosome is checked by whether the WS1 cell survives.
- the obtained WS1 cell is a WS1 cell comprising chromosomes in which lox66 (third RRS) and loxm2/71 (fourth RRS) are respectively inserted at both ends of the variable region of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. This selection process is intended to exclude the case where only one of the third vector and the fourth vector is inserted into the two alleles, since somatic cells generally have two alleles.
- micronuclei proceeds using colcemid (Life technologies, Grand island, NY, USA).
- the selected WS1 cells (cells containing chromosomes in which lox66 (3rd RRS) and loxm2/71 (4th RRS) are respectively inserted into both ends of the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus) were 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells After culturing and preparing as much as possible, the next day, after exchanging the medium with EMEM containing 20% FBS, treatment with colcemid 0.1 ⁇ g/ml, 5% CO 2 , Incubate for 48 hours in an incubator maintained in 95% wet condition at 37°C. .
- Micronucleation-induced WS1 cells were detached using tryLE (Life technologies, Grand island, NY, USA), washed with serum-free EMEM, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes (LABOGENE CO., Ltd, KOREA) . After centrifugation, the cells were suspended in pre-warmed serum-free EMEM: percoll ((Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (1:1 (v:v)), and cytochalsin B (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) so that the final concentration is 10 ⁇ g/ml.
- loxm2/66 (1st RRS) and lox71 (2nd RRS) contain chromosomes inserted at both ends of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, respectively) cells
- loxm2/66 (1st RRS) and lox71 (2nd RRS) contain chromosomes inserted at both ends of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, respectively) cells
- the mESCs are treated with TryLE and centrifuged. Wash the centrifuged mESCs with 1XDPBS and count the number of cells using a hemacytometer.
- the fusion of human microcells and mESCs is performed by the suspension method using HVJ-E protein (Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Use so that the ratio of human microcells to mESC is 1:4.
- Each prepared human microcells and mESCs are washed with 500 ⁇ l of cold 1X cell fusion buffer. Centrifuge the human microcells and mESCs in the buffer at 300g at 4°C for 5 minutes. 25 ⁇ l of 1X cell fusion buffer per mESC 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells is added, and the same volume of 1X cell fusion buffer is added to human microcells. Mix mESC and human microcells, add 5 to 10 ⁇ l of HVJ-E protein, and leave on ice for 5 minutes. Leave the mixture in a 37°C water bath for 15 minutes. At this time, tap every 5 minutes.
- centrifugation is performed at 300 g for 5 minutes to remove the remaining HVJ-E protein.
- the confluent cells are cultured for 48 hours in a culture medium of mESC and 5% CO 2 , in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 37°C.
- the prepared fusion cell is a human chromosome (a chromosome containing the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus into which lox66 (3rd RRS) and loxm2/71 (4th RRS) are inserted) and a mouse chromosome (loxm2/66 (1st RRS) ) and a chromosome containing the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus into which lox71 (2nd RRS) was inserted).
- the prepared fusion cell is treated with a recombinant enzyme to induce exchange (or replacement) of the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus with the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
- the humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is a locus comprising a variable region derived from a human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and a constant region of a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- Opti-MEM medium without FBS and antibiotics to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cell fusion cells (mESCs).
- 10 ⁇ g of pCMV-Cre (System Biosciences, LLC, Palo Alto, CA, USA) vector is added and transfected at 125V, 5ms, 2 pulses.
- Add 300 ⁇ l of 2i medium mix well with confluent cells, transfer to a 100 mm dish, and incubate for 48 hours in an incubator maintained in 95% wet condition at 5% CO 2 and 37°C.
- the Cre recombinase-treated fusion cells were treated with antibiotics (Puromycin, G418 and neomycin).
- the fusion cells treated with Cre recombinase are human chromosomes (chromosomes containing the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus into which lox66 (3rd RRS) and loxm2/71 (4th RRS) are inserted) by Cre recombinase and mouse Recombination is induced between chromosomes (chromosomes containing the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus into which loxm2/66 (first RRS) and lox71 (second RRS) are inserted).
- the pairing of the RRS is recognized by Cre recombinase and recombination is induced.
- the first recombinant chromosome (a mouse chromosome having a humanized immunoglobulin locus) in which the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the mouse chromosome is replaced with the variable region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the human chromosome
- a second recombinant chromosome is generated in which the variable region is replaced with the variable region of a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
- a mouse gene eg, the constant region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is a mouse gene.
- the second recombinant chromosome has human genes except for the variable region of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (eg, the constant region of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is a human gene).
- mESCs Surviving cells
- antibiotics Puromycin, G418 and neomycin.
- the obtained cells are mESCs comprising a first recombinant chromosome and a second recombinant chromosome.
- the obtained first and second recombinant chromosomes were treated with piggyBac transposase in mESCs containing the RRS, puro ⁇ TK gene, and neomycin resistance gene (NeoR) contained in the first and second recombinant chromosomes. ), a zeocin resistant gene and FRT.
- cells containing recombinant chromosomes from which RRS, puro ⁇ TK gene, neomycin resistance gene (NeoR), zeocin resistant gene and FRT have been removed are selected by treatment with Fialuridine (FIAU).
- FIAU Fialuridine
- the recombinant chromosome may be variously recombined according to the position, direction, and pairing of the RRS.
- the above description can be produced by changing the design of the vector.
- Homozygous transgenic mice are prepared using mESCs having humanized immunoglobulin loci derived from a black race.
- the mESC having the humanized immunoglobulin locus obtained above is transplanted into the blastocyst through blastocyst injection to prepare a chimeric blastocyst.
- the prepared chimeric blastocyst is implanted in the uterus of a surrogate mother to give birth to a mouse baby.
- the produced mouse litter is a chimeric transgenic mouse, and a homozygous transgenic mouse is prepared by crossing the chimeric transgenic mouse.
- the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is humanized on the genome (variable region substitution (or replacement) of a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black race).
- the homozygous transgenic mouse can be produced by various methods other than blastocyst injection.
- Example 1-2 Method for producing a homozygous transgenic mouse having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race
- This Example relates to the production of a humanized homozygous transgenic mouse in which the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the mouse is substituted (or replaced) with the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene derived from an individual belonging to the Mongolian race.
- a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Mongolian race is prepared using a chromosome exchange technology (eg, AiCE technology (see PCT application patent PCT/KR2019/015351)).
- OUMS-36 cells are Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM; Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA) medium and 5% CO 2 , and cultured for growth and maintenance in an incubator maintained in a 95% wet state at 37°C.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- Examples 1-3 Method for producing a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race
- This example relates to the production of a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race.
- mice Heterozygosity through crossbreeding of a previously prepared black (negro) race-derived humanized immunoglobulin gene with a homozygous transgenic mouse having a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race-derived humanized immunoglobulin gene.
- Transgenic mice are prepared.
- the produced heterozygous transgenic mice have different heterozygous alleles at the humanized immunoglobulin locus, i.e., a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race. transgenic mice.
- Examples 1-4 Method for producing a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from Caucasian (Caucasus) race
- This example relates to the production of a humanized homozygous transgenic mouse in which the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the mouse is substituted (or replaced) with the variable region of a human immunoglobulin gene derived from an individual belonging to the Caucasian race.
- a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Caucasian race is prepared using a chromosome exchange technology (eg, AiCE technology (refer to PCT application patent PCT/KR2019/015351)).
- BJ cells are Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA) (ATCC® 30-2003).
- EMEM Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- penicillin-streptomycin Corning, Mannasas, VA, USA
- TM 5% CO 2
- Examples 1-5 Method for producing a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Caucasian (Caucasus) race
- This example relates to the production of a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Caucasian (Caucasus) race.
- Heterozygous traits through crossing of a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a black (negro) race and a homozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Caucasian (Caucasus) race Transition mice are prepared.
- the produced heterozygous transgenic mice have different heterozygous alleles at the humanized immunoglobulin locus, i.e., a humanized immunoglobulin gene from a black (negro) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene from a Caucasian (Caucasus) race. It's a switch mouse.
- Example 1-6 Method for producing a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Caucasian (Caucasus) race
- This example relates to the production of a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Mongolian (Mongoloid race) race and a humanized immunoglobulin gene derived from a Caucasian (Caucasus) race.
- Eggplant is a transgenic mouse.
- heterozygous transgenic mice having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from different races can be produced.
- Example 1-1 Using the 'method for producing a transgenic mouse homozygous having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from a black (negro) race', it is possible to manufacture transgenic mice homozygous having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from various races. This may vary depending on the human cells used in the experiment.
- the human cells used in the experiment were Caucasian (or Caucasian, Caucasoid race), Mongol (or Mongolian, Mongoloid race), Black (or Negro, Negroid), and Malay.
- a heterozygous transgenic mouse is prepared by crossing the homozygous transgenic mice having humanized immunoglobulin genes derived from different races prepared above.
- the mice thus prepared were a heterozygous transgenic mouse derived from a Caucasian x Mongolian race (a heterozygous transgenic mouse having a Caucasian-derived humanized immunoglobulin gene and a Mongolian-derived humanized immunoglobulin gene), a Caucasian x Nigro Race-derived heterozygous transgenic mouse, Caucasian x Malay-derived heterozygous transgenic mouse, Caucasian x Polynesian-derived heterozygous transgenic mouse, Mongolian x Nigro-derived heterozygous transgenic mouse, Mongolian Heterozygous transgenic mouse derived from a race x Malay race, a heterozygous transgenic mouse derived from a Mongolian race x Polynesian race, a heterozygous transgenic mouse derived from a Negro race x Malay race, a heterozy
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Claims (18)
- 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자좌(humanized immunoglobulin loci)를 포함하는 게놈을 가지는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물로,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자좌는 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자에 대해 두 개의 대립 유전자(alleles)를 포함하며,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 인간 면역글로불린 유전자의 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역(unrearranged variable region) 및 비인간-동물 면역글로불린 유전자의 불변 영역(constant region)을 포함하며,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자에 대해 두 개의 대립 유전자는 서로 다른 이형 대립 유전자(hetero-alleles)로, 제1 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자 및 제2 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자를 포함하고,상기 제1 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 제1 인간 면역글로불린 유전자의 제1 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역을 포함하고, 상기 제2 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 제2 인간 면역글로불린 유전자의 제2 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역을 포함하며, 이때, 상기 제1 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역과 제2 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역은 이형 가변영역(hetero variable regions)이며,상기 제1 인간 면역글로불린 유전자는 제1 인종에 속한 개체 유래이며, 상기 제2 인간 면역글로불린 유전자는 제2 인종에 속한 개체 유래이고,이때, 상기 제1 인종과 제2 인종은 서로 다르며, 상기 제1 인종 및 제2 인종은 코카시아 인종(또는 코카서스 인종(Caucasian, Caucasoid race)), 몽골인(또는 몽골리안(Mongolian, Mongoloid race)), 흑인(또는 니그로(Negro, Negroid)), 말레이 인종(Malay), 폴리네시아인(Polynesian), 오스트레인리아 인종(Australoid race)으로 구성된 군에서 각각 선택된 인종인,이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 인간화 면역글로불린 중쇄 유전자인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역은 하나 이상의 V 세그먼트, 하나 이상의 D 세그먼트 및 하나 이상의 J 세그먼트를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 인간화 면역글로불린 카파 유전자 또는 인간화 면역글로불린 람다 유전자인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역은 하나 이상의 V 세그먼트 및 하나 이상의 J 세그먼트를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 이형 가변영역은 다음 중 하나 이상의 차이를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물:i) 단일염기 다형성(Single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP)에 의한 동의 돌연변이(synonymous mutation) 또는 비동의 돌연변이(nonsynonymous mutation);ii) V 세그먼트에 대한 대립 유전자 변이(allelic variation);iii) 세그먼트의 복제수 변이(copy number variation; CNV);iv) 오픈 리딩 프레임(open reading frame; ORF)의 복제수 변이(CNV); 및v) 8-75Kb 길이의 핵산 삭제, 삽입 또는 중복(duplication).
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 비인간-동물은 인간을 제외한 포유동물 또는 조류(aves)인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 인간을 제외한 포유동물은 설치류(rodents), 유제류(ungulates) 또는 인간을 제외한 영장류(non-human primates)인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 비인간-동물은 마우스, 래트, 토끼, 염소, 소, 돼지, 낙타, 침팬지, 원숭이, 닭 또는 메추리인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자좌(humanized immunoglobulin loci)를 포함하는 게놈을 가지는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물로,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자좌는 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자에 대해 두 개의 대립 유전자(alleles)를 포함하며,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 인간 면역글로불린 유전자의 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역(unrearranged variable region) 및 비인간-동물 면역글로불린 유전자의 불변 영역(constant region)을 포함하며,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자에 대해 두 개의 대립 유전자는 서로 다른 이형 대립 유전자(hetero-alleles)로, 제1 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자 및 제2 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자를 포함하고,상기 제1 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 제1 인간 면역글로불린 유전자의 제1 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역을 포함하고, 상기 제2 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 제2 인간 면역글로불린 유전자의 제2 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역을 포함하며, 이때, 상기 제1 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역과 제2 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역은 이형 가변영역(hetero variable regions)이며,상기 제1 인간 면역글로불린 유전자는 제1 인간 개체 유래이며, 상기 제2 인간 면역글로불린 유전자는 제2 인간 개체 유래이고,이때, 상기 제1 인간 개체와 제2 인간 개체는 서로 다른 개체인,이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 인간화 면역글로불린 중쇄 유전자인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역은 하나 이상의 V 세그먼트, 하나 이상의 D 세그먼트 및 하나 이상의 J 세그먼트를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 인간화 면역글로불린 유전자는 인간화 면역글로불린 카파 유전자 또는 인간화 면역글로불린 람다 유전자인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 재배열되지 않은 가변 영역은 하나 이상의 V 세그먼트 및 하나 이상의 J 세그먼트를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 이형 가변영역은 다음 중 하나 이상의 차이를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물:i) 단일염기 다형성(Single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP)에 의한 동의 돌연변이(synonymous mutation) 또는 비동의 돌연변이(nonsynonymous mutation);ii) V 세그먼트에 대한 대립 유전자 변이(allelic variation);iii) 세그먼트의 복제수 변이(copy number variation; CNV);iv) 오픈 리딩 프레임(open reading frame; ORF)의 복제수 변이(CNV); 및v) 8-75Kb 길이의 핵산 삭제, 삽입 또는 중복(duplication).
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 비인간-동물은 인간을 제외한 포유동물 또는 조류(aves)인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 인간을 제외한 포유동물은 설치류(rodents), 유제류(ungulates) 또는 인간을 제외한 영장류(non-human primates)인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 비인간-동물은 마우스, 래트, 토끼, 염소, 소, 돼지, 낙타, 침팬지, 원숭이, 닭 또는 메추리인 것을 특징으로 하는 이형접합성(heterozygous) 형질전환 비인간-동물.
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EP4173480A4 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
CN115988960A (zh) | 2023-04-18 |
AU2020454777A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
US20210400934A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 |
JP2023541216A (ja) | 2023-09-29 |
KR20230024822A (ko) | 2023-02-21 |
EP4173480A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
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