WO2012115454A2 - 뉴클레아제에 의해 유전자 변형된 세포를 농축시키는 방법 - Google Patents
뉴클레아제에 의해 유전자 변형된 세포를 농축시키는 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012115454A2 WO2012115454A2 PCT/KR2012/001367 KR2012001367W WO2012115454A2 WO 2012115454 A2 WO2012115454 A2 WO 2012115454A2 KR 2012001367 W KR2012001367 W KR 2012001367W WO 2012115454 A2 WO2012115454 A2 WO 2012115454A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reporter
- reporter gene
- cells
- nuclease
- gene
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/44—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving esterase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/64—General methods for preparing the vector, for introducing it into the cell or for selecting the vector-containing host
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/66—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving luciferase
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
Definitions
- the present invention provides a reporter construct and method for identifying, selecting, or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence is cleaved in a cell by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage, and a host comprising the reporter construct.
- Cell and a monitoring system of nuclease activity.
- TAL-effector nucleases are endogenous in cells and organisms. Gene mutations, insertion of target genes, and chromosomal rearrangements can lead to a powerful and versatile tool in genetic engineering, which can be useful in research, biotechnology, and medicine.
- Such artificial nucleases recognize specific target nucleotide sequences in cells and cause DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Induced intracellular DSB can be repaired by two intrinsic DNA repair mechanisms of cells, distinguished by homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), wherein target specific mutations and Genetic modifications will occur.
- HR homologous recombination
- NHEJ nonhomologous end joining
- DSBs induced by nucleases can be restored to NHEJ mechanisms superior to HR. Mutations by HR are caused by the exact copy of the sequence in the HR donor DNA, but mutations by NHEJ occur randomly. Because NHEJ is an error-prone repair mechanism, small insertion / deletion (indel mutations) can occur at the site where the DSB occurs, which can lead to frame-shift mutations. Cause genetic variation.
- zinc-finger nucleases and TAL-effector nucleases are very useful tools for designing genetic modifications in eukaryotic cells and organisms, they are generally mutations that are induced by artificial nucleases and have genetic modifications. Phenotypic differentiation between cells and wild-type cells is very difficult, and there are many limitations in separating only mutant cells.
- transgenic cells which can be usefully used for mass production of human useful proteins and treatment of intractable diseases.
- transgenic animals such as pigs or cows
- the method of directly injecting ZFN mRNA into fertilized eggs in the pronuclear stage is extremely inefficient due to the mosaic phenomenon that occurs during fertilization. Therefore, a replication technique by nuclear transfer, which mainly provides transformed cells produced by ZFN to a donor nucleus, is used. In this case, mass production of transformed cells is required.
- a plasmid containing ZFN DNA is introduced into the cells, and efficient screening of transformed cells whose genes are mutated by the operation of ZFN is required.
- the inventors have prepared a reporter construct comprising a target sequence and a reporter gene recognized by a particular nuclease, introducing it into a cell capable of expressing the nuclease, and then expressing it with a cell expressing the reporter gene.
- the nuclease cleaves a specific nucleotide sequence in the cell in the population of cells expressing the reporter gene compared to the population of cells which do not express the reporter gene.
- the method has been completed to significantly enrich the cells in which the nucleotide sequence has been modified by the nuclease of the present invention.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a reporter construct for identifying, selecting, or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence is cleaved in a cell by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a reporter construct comprising a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter gene.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a host cell comprising the reporter construct.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for monitoring nuclease activity.
- the reporter system of the present invention and a method for concentrating cells that are genomically modified by nucleases using the same, can obtain a cell population in which a high percentage of cells mutated by nucleases can be obtained, and the mutant cells in a living state. As the population can be obtained, it can be usefully used in the field of gene or cell therapy.
- ZFN zinc finger nuclease
- FIG. 3 is a schematic of the structure of the reporter construct and a method of enriching gene-modified cells using the reporter construct.
- (a) shows the structure of the reporter construct, wherein the reporter construct was composed of the mRFP gene, the target sequence of the artificial nuclease, and the eGFP gene.
- (b) is a diagram of a method of classifying and analyzing cells using flow cytometry, on day 3 or 4 after transfection of cells with reporter plasmids and plasmids encoding nucleases.
- FIG 4 is a schematic of the structure of the SSA reporter and the method of concentrating the genetically modified cells using the reporter system.
- the nuclease target site is inserted between N-GFP and C-GFP, and the dark portion is a partially cloned portion.
- (b) illustrates the structure of the HR reporter and a method for amplifying gene-modified cells using the reporter system. Nuclease target sites were inserted inside the eGFP to form inactivated recombinant recipients. The truncated inactivated eGFP gene was used as the HR provider. DSBs generated by nucleases are repaired by HR, allowing the eGFP gene to function.
- FIG. 5 shows the expression pattern of RFP and GFP using fluorescence microscopy after co-transfection of the plasmid encoding the reporter plasmid and ZFN pair into HEK293 cells. Expression measurements were taken on day 1, day 2 and day 3 after co-transfection and the scale bar was 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 6 shows that surrogate reporters can significantly enrich TP53 gene-mutated cells.
- (a) is the result of flow cytometry performed 3 days after co-transfection of TP53 -target ZFN and reporter to HEK293 cells.
- (b) shows ZFN-induced mutations detected by T7E1 assay. The arrow is sensitive to mismatches indicating the location of the DNA band cleaved by T7E1. The numbers in the bottom of the gel represent the frequency of mutations measured on the basis of band intensity.
- (c) shows the ZFN-induced mutation rate measured by fPCR. Arrows indicate amplified DNA peaks, corresponding to small base insertions, and peaks marked higher correspond to amplified products of the wild type. Mutations were calculated by measuring the peak area.
- (d) shows the sequence of the TP53 gene which is the target of ZFN. ZFN recognition sites are underlined. The dash indicates a deleted base and the small bold indicates the inserted base. The number of mutations is indicated in parentheses, and the mutation frequency was calculated by dividing the number of mutated copies by the total number of copies (WT: wild type sequence).
- FIG. 7 shows significant enrichment of CCR5 gene-modified cells by ZFN-224 using a surrogate reporter.
- (a) shows the flow cytometry results of the transfected cells
- (b) is the result of performing the T7E1 assay using genomic DNA isolated from cells classified as flow cytometry. Arrows indicate the expected positions of the DNA bands cleaved by T7E1.
- (c) shows the result of performing fPCR to determine the efficiency of indel mutation formation in the CCR5 gene. Arrows indicate amplified DNA peaks corresponding to small insertions.
- FIG. 9 shows significant enrichment of CCR5 gene-modified cells by TALEN, using a surrogate reporter.
- (a) shows the result of flow cytometry of the transfected HEK293 cells
- (b) shows the result of T7E1 assay using genomic DNA isolated from cells classified as flow cytometry. Arrows indicate amplicons cleaved by T7E1 and relative band density indicates TALEN activity.
- Figure 10 shows the remarkable enrichment of mouse cells modified with Thumpd3 gene using surrogate reporters.
- Mouse fibroblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells were co-transfected with a plasmid encoding a reporter plasmid and a ZFN pair targeting the Thumpd3 gene, followed by analysis.
- (a) shows the flow cytometry results of the transfected cells
- (b) is the result of performing the T7E1 assay using genomic DNA isolated from cells classified as flow cytometry. Arrows indicate amplicons cleaved by T7E1 and relative band density indicates the activity of ZFN.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of replication analysis of single cells and cell populations (colonies).
- (a) co-transfected a reporter plasmid and a plasmid encoding a ZFN pair targeting a Thumpd3 gene to mouse fibroblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, and then sorted the cells by flow cytometry, Single cells were isolated using pipettes and transferred to PCR tubes. The PCR products of 21 unclassified cells and 10 sorted cells were cloned and sequenced.
- 1a and 1b show the DNA sequences obtained from the allele mutations in a single clone.
- (b) shows the results of analysis of the replication population of cells.
- Figure 13 shows that the concentration of cells with modified genes was increased when co-transfection and cell sorting process was repeated. After co-transfection of the reporter plasmid and the plasmid encoding ZFN into the cells, the cell sorting was performed twice by flow cytometry, confirming that the CCR5 gene significantly increased the concentration of modified mutant cells.
- FIG. 14 depicts a method for enriching target gene-modified cells using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).
- (a) shows the structure of a reporter consisting of mRFP gene, target sequence of artificial nuclease, 2A-peptide sequence and mouse MHC class I molecule H-2K k gene.
- (b) 3 or 4 days after transfection with a reporter plasmid and a plasmid encoding a nuclease, the cells are labeled with H-2K k -specific magnetic beads and magnetically separated on a MACS column It is shown.
- Figure 15 shows the results of sorting and enriching CCR5 gene-modified cells by ZFN-224 using the reporter and MACS. After transfecting the cells with the reporter plasmid and the plasmid encoding the ZFN, the process of sorting the self-bead selected cells by MACS was repeated twice, showing the results of the T7E1 analysis.
- FIG. 16 shows the DNA sequence of A TALEN dual frame reporter constructs. Underlined and bolded portions are target sequences recognized by nucleases.
- Figure 17 shows the DNA sequence of the B TALEN dual frame reporter construct. Underlined and bolded portions are target sequences recognized by nucleases.
- FIG. 18 shows the structure of the dual frame NHEJ reporter construct and a schematic diagram of the operation of the construct.
- 19 is a result of measuring whether the prime change in two cases can be detected using a dual frame NHEJ reporter component and a single frame reporter component.
- Figure 20 shows the structure of the reporter constructs for the selection of hygromycin and a schematic of the action of the reporter constructs.
- Figure 21 shows the overall schematic for the development of the transformed cell line using the hygromycin reporter screening method.
- Figure 22 shows the degree of RFP and GFP expression of cells in the non-hygromycin treated group, and the hygromycin treated group before the hygromycin treatment.
- Figure 23 shows the results of analysis of the percentage of transformed cells in the cells selected by treatment with hygromycin by the T7E1 method.
- Figure 24 shows the nucleotide sequence of the reporter structure containing mRFP-GFP-H2KK.
- the target sequence of CMAH-ZFN is located after the mRFP gene, and the eGFP gene, 2A peptide, and H2KK gene are located out of frame.
- the mRFP-eGFP fusion protein and the H2KK protein were separately expressed by 2A-peptide (see the target sequence of CMAH-ZFN and the sequence of 2A-peptide).
- CMAH-ZFN is located behind the mRFP gene and 2A peptide, HTP gene, and eGFP gene are located out of frame. 2A-peptide was used to separately express mRFP protein and HTP-eGFP protein. (The target sequence of CMAH-ZFN and the sequence of 2A-peptide are shown in the figure.)
- a method of selecting or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence is cleaved in a cell by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage is provided.
- a reporter construct comprising a reporter gene and a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, wherein the reporter construct is dependent on whether the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a reporter construct for identifying, selecting or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence is cleaved in a cell by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage.
- a third aspect of the invention is a reporter construct comprising a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter gene,
- the first reporter gene is expressed regardless of whether the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct
- the reporter construct is determined whether the expression of the second reporter gene, the third reporter gene, or both is determined depending on whether the nuclease expressed in the cell binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a host cell comprising the reporter construct.
- a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a reporter construct; Host cell; A system for monitoring nuclease activity, comprising constructs expressing nucleases,
- the reporter construct, the nuclease expression construct or both relates to a system that is introduced into the host cell or is provided separately from the cell.
- Nucleases capable of cleaving nucleotides of endogenous genes in cells and organisms can be useful for designing genetic modifications, but systems that amplify and isolate only cells whose genes have been modified by nucleases can be used. It did not exist, and there was a limit to its use.
- the present invention provides a method for selecting or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence in a cell is cleaved by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage.
- the specific nucleotide sequence in the cell may be an endogenous nucleotide sequence present on the genome.
- Specific nucleases can cleave specific nucleotide sequences by binding to endogenous target sequences present on the genome.
- the mutations include, but are not limited to, local mutations, as well as mutations such as chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions, insertions, inversions, duplications, translocations, and the like. It doesn't happen.
- preparing a reporter construct comprising a target sequence recognized by the nuclease and a reporter gene, wherein the reporter construct is dependent on whether the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- a first step of determining whether the reporter gene is expressed Introducing the reporter construct into a candidate cell, wherein some or all of the candidate cells express the nuclease before or after introduction of the reporter construct; And a third step of classifying a cell expressing the reporter gene or a cell not expressing the reporter gene from the candidate cell resulting from the second step.
- the method of the present invention is characterized by using a reporter construct.
- the reporter construct may include a target sequence recognized by a nuclease and a reporter gene, and may be designed to determine whether the reporter gene is expressed depending on whether the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct. have.
- the reporter construct is that the target sequence recognized by the nuclease is inserted in the middle or in front of the reporter gene, nuclease expressed in the cell is bound to the target sequence reporter construct
- cleavage of the reporter gene can be designed to determine whether or not.
- the reporter gene is not expressed unless the nuclease binds to the target sequence to cleave the reporter construct, but when the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct, the cleaved DNA is present in the cell or in vivo. It may be recovered by homologous recombination (HR) or single strand annealing (SSA) mechanism or NHEJ to allow the reporter gene to be expressed.
- HR homologous recombination
- SSA single strand annealing
- the reporter construct of the present invention may be designed such that when a specific target sequence is cleaved by nucleases, the reporter gene is expressed by homologous recombination or single stranded polymerization.
- the reporter construct according to one embodiment of the present invention is a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease between GFP such that the C-terminal region of GFP is outside the translation frame of the N-terminal region of GFP.
- a double strand break DSB
- the DSB of the gene may be recovered by a single strand polymerization system to express GFP.
- the reporter construct of the present invention may be designed such that when specific target sequences are cleaved by nucleases, small size insertion / deletion occurs by NHEJ mechanisms to generate frame shift mutations of the reporter construct.
- Reporter constructs by homologous recombination or single-stranded polymerization mechanisms can express reporter proteins when nucleases act regardless of frame shift, but they have the problem that spontaneous mutations occur even without nucleases. That is, even without the activity of nucleases, reporter genes are expressed in about 1-5% of cells, and thus, cells that are genetically modified by nucleases cannot be accurately selected.
- the reporter construct according to an embodiment of the present invention is a reporter construct that can be used for the NHEJ mechanism, and the reporter is expressed only in cells of 1% or less or 0.1% or less without nuclease, so that the gene is modified by nuclease. Accumulated cells can be accurately selected and concentrated.
- the reporter construct may include a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, and a second reporter gene, which is expressed in the cell It may be designed to determine whether the second reporter gene is expressed depending on whether clease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- a stop codon may be inserted upstream of the second reporter gene. More specifically, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease is inserted between the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene, and the second reporter gene is out of frame of the translation of the first reporter gene. Reporter constructs designed to exist may be used.
- Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanisms can result in small insertion / deletion (indel mutations) resulting in frame-shift mutations, in which the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene are in the same frame. (in frame) can be placed. That is, both the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene may be expressed.
- NHEJ Nonhomologous end joining
- the reporter construct comprises a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter gene, in sequence 1
- the reporter gene is expressed regardless of whether the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct, and depending on whether the nuclease expressed in the cell binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct It may be designed to determine whether the second reporter gene, the third reporter gene or both are expressed.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene are out of frame with the translation of the first reporter gene, so that the nuclease binds to a specific target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct so that a frame shift mutation occurs. It is preferred to be designed to be expressed.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene may be linked to each other in a wrong translation frame.
- an amino acid codon frame change occurs to express the second reporter gene or the third reporter gene. Therefore, mutant cells generated by all two frame shifts generated by nuclease cleavage of the target site can be selected at a time. That is, frame shift mutated cells can be selected according to fluctuations in one unit of amino acid sequence and two units of amino acid sequence by nuclease activity. It is also possible to select frame shift mutated cells resulting from variations in the three unit amino acid sequence due to the introduction of one or two or more reporter constructs into the cell.
- the reporter construct when the reporter construct includes only the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene in which the amino acid codon frame is not matched, selection is possible only for cells in which one frame shift mutation occurs, but the first reporter gene and A reporter construct prepared by placing a second reporter gene and a third reporter gene that did not fit the amino acid codon frame in different frames was able to select cells in which all two frame shift mutations occurred.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene in the reporter construct may be connected to the same translation frame.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene may be the same kind of reporter genes, or may be different kinds of reporter genes.
- the expression of the reporter gene becomes stronger as the nuclease cleaves the target sequence, thereby causing the nuclease to be expressed.
- Cells in which the gene has been modified can be selected or concentrated more accurately.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene are in the same frame and different reporter genes, the second reporter gene is expressed by MACS, drug selection, and then, the second reporter gene is used to confirm that the mutated cells are properly concentrated. Expression of the reporter gene can be used.
- a reporter construct comprising: a first reporter gene encoding a red fluorescent protein (RFP), which is expressed regardless of the activity of a nuclease; Target sequences recognized by the nuclease; A second reporter gene of an antibiotic resistance gene (HPT) and a third reporter gene encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was constructed such that the first reporter gene and the translation frame did not fit, were prepared.
- the reporter construct only expressed red fluorescent protein in the absence of ZFN and did not express HPT-GFP fusion protein.
- expression of the reporter gene may reflect the activity of the nuclease, in which a particular nuclease can bind to an endogenous target sequence present on its genome and cleave a specific nucleotide sequence.
- the method of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the step of introducing the reporter construct to the candidate cells, and sorting cells expressing and non-expressing the reporter gene.
- the candidate cells may express the nuclease before or after introduction of the reporter construct.
- the nuclease expressed in the second step also includes a case where the nuclease is directly injected into the cell.
- the nuclease may be one expressed from an exogenous nuclease gene or an endogenous nuclease gene of the candidate cell.
- nuclease may be introduced from the outside through transformation, electorporation, virus delivery, or may be expressed in a state in which a gene specifying the same is inserted into an intracellular genome.
- the reporter construct may be introduced into one or more than two cells.
- the classification method can be used without limitation, if it can classify cells expressing the reporter gene and cells not expressing.
- cells can be sorted using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), or magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).
- FACS Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- MCS magnetic-activated cell sorting
- an antibiotic resistance gene can be used as a reporter and antibiotic treatment can be used to select cells that survive and enrich the endogenous gene.
- a reporter construct that includes a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease, and a second reporter gene
- cells and both expressing the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene may be used.
- the cells expressing only one reporter gene, the first reporter gene, and the second reporter gene can be classified into cells that do not express both.
- a reporter construct that includes a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter
- the first reporter gene the second reporter gene
- cells expressing only the third reporter gene cells expressing only the first reporter gene, cells expressing only the first and second reporter genes, and cells expressing only the first and third reporter genes.
- a cell population that expresses a reporter gene when using a reporter construct including two reporter genes, a first reporter gene and a second reporter gene Cell population in which all are expressed, it was confirmed that a specific nuclease cleaved a specific nucleotide sequence or the cleavage significantly increased the proportion of cells in which the nucleotide sequence was modified.
- the second to third steps may be performed two or more times, and in one embodiment of the present invention, when the second to third steps are performed two times, one time is performed. It was confirmed that the number of genetically modified cells in the cell population increased significantly.
- the present invention also includes a method of confirming the activity of a specific nuclease by performing the first to third steps.
- a nuclease When a nuclease is expressed in a candidate cell into which the reporter construct is introduced to cut a target sequence included in the reporter gene, the reporter gene may be expressed. Therefore, whether or not the expression of the reporter gene, it can be confirmed whether the nuclease has the activity of cleaving the sequence of a specific nucleotide.
- the present invention provides a reporter construct for identifying, selecting, or enriching a cell in which a particular nucleotide sequence in a cell is cleaved by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence has been modified by the cleavage.
- the construct comprises a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, and a second reporter gene, wherein the nuclease binds to the target sequence to cleave the reporter construct 2 Reporter gene expression is characterized in that it is determined.
- the first reporter gene, the target sequence recognized by the nuclease, and the second reporter gene may be included sequentially.
- the reporter construct is characterized in that when a specific nuclease cleaves a specific nucleotide sequence contained in the reporter construct, the truncated DNA is homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end junction (HHR) that is likely to cause frame-shift mutation.
- HR homologous recombination
- HHR nonhomologous end junction
- NHEJ Nonhomologous end joining
- the construct may include a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter gene, wherein the first reporter gene includes the nuclease on the target sequence.
- the construct may sequentially include a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter gene.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene are connected to the frame of the first reporter gene, and the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene are not matched to each other. It may be connected to.
- Expression of the reporter gene reflects the activity of a nuclease that allows a specific nuclease to bind to its target sequence and cleave a specific nucleotide sequence, wherein the reporter construct has the activity of the nuclease resulting in cleavage of a specific nucleotide sequence in the cell or Or for identifying, selecting, or concentrating cells in which the nucleotide sequence has been modified by the cleavage.
- the reporter construct may be a vector, preferably a plasmid.
- the present invention provides a reporter construct for identifying, selecting, or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence is cleaved in a cell by the specific nuclease of the present invention or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage.
- a host cell comprising two or more.
- the host cell may be used as a cell that reflects whether a specific nuclease has an activity of binding to a target sequence and cleaving a specific nucleotide.
- the present invention provides a reporter construct for identifying, selecting, or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence is cleaved in a cell by the specific nuclease of the present invention or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage. Or two or more; Host cell; Provided are systems for monitoring nuclease activity, including constructs that express nucleases.
- the reporter construct, the nuclease expression construct or both may be introduced into the host cell or provided separately from the cell.
- the nuclease may be one expressed from an exogenous nuclease gene or an endogenous nuclease gene of an exogenous host cell.
- the nuclease may be introduced from the outside through transformation, electorporation, virus delivery, or may be expressed in a state in which a gene designating the same is inserted into an intracellular genome.
- nucleases and reporter constructs may be introduced into the cell simultaneously or sequentially.
- cutting may be disruption of the covalent backbone of a DNA molecule. Cleavage can be initiated in a variety of ways, including but not limited to enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds. Single stranded and double stranded cuts are possible, and double stranded cuts can occur as a result of two separate single stranded cuts.
- Binding can be a sequence-specific, non-covalent interaction between macromolecules (eg, between a protein and a nucleic acid). If the interaction is entirely sequence-specific, not all components of the binding interaction need to be sequence specific (eg, contact with phosphate residues in the DNA backbone). Such interactions may generally be characterized by dissociation constants (Kd) of 10 ⁇ 6 M ⁇ 1 or less.
- target site or “target sequence” can be a nucleic acid sequence that defines the portion of the nucleic acid to which the binding molecule is bound, provided that sufficient conditions exist for the binding to be present. It can be used interchangeably with “recognition site” or “recognition sequence”.
- the "gene” is a molecular unit that can be inherited in a living organism, which generally includes DNA, RNA or even proteins encoded by them.
- An “episome” can be any structure that includes a nucleic acid that is replicating, a nucleoprotein complex, or a nucleic acid that is not part of the chromosomal karyotype of a cell. Examples of episomes include plasmids and certain viral genomes.
- exogenous molecule is a molecule that is not normally present in a cell but can be introduced into the cell by one or more genetic, biochemical or other methods. "Normal presence in a cell" is determined by the particular stage of development and environmental conditions of the cell. Thus, for example, molecules that exist only during embryonic development of muscle become exogenous molecules for adult muscle cells.
- An exogenous molecule is a small molecule produced by a combinatorial chemical process or any comprising protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid, glycoprotein, lipid protein, polysaccharide, any modified derivative of the molecules, or one or more of the molecules. It may be a macromolecule such as a complex of.
- an “endogenous” or “endogenous” molecule is one that normally exists within a particular cell at a particular stage of development under certain environmental conditions.
- endogenous nucleic acids may include genomic or naturally-occurring episome nucleic acids of mitochondria, chloroplasts or other organs. Additional endogenous molecules may include proteins such as, for example, transcription factors and enzymes.
- a “vector” can be a nucleic acid molecule capable of carrying other nucleic acid to which it is linked.
- examples of such vectors include, but are not limited to, plasmids, cosmids, bacteriophage, and viral vectors.
- plasmid refers to a circular double stranded DNA loop that can additionally connect DNA fragments therein.
- the vector of the present invention can direct the expression of a gene encoding a protein of interest linked operably, such a vector is referred to as an "expression vector.”
- expression vectors can be prepared in a variety of ways, including secretion signal sequences in addition to expression control elements such as promoters, operators, initiation codons, termination codons, polyadenylation signals and enhancers.
- the expression vector is in the form of a plasmid.
- plasmid and vector are terms that mean plasmid, which are interchangeable with each other, and are most commonly used in the form of a vector.
- operable linkage and “operably linked or operatively linked” are compatible for juxtaposition of two or more components (sequence elements), wherein the components are functional in the component, wherein the components are in one of the components. Functions exerted are arranged in a state that allows the possibility of adjusting at least one of the components.
- recombinant refers to a cell, nucleic acid, protein or vector modified by introduction of heterologous nucleic acid or protein, or alteration of a natural nucleic acid or protein, or a cell derived from a cell so modified.
- Zinc finger nuclease means a fusion protein comprising a zinc finger domain and a nucleotide cleavage domain, and may include both known or commercially available zinc finger nucleases.
- zinc finger nuclease and “ZFN” may be used interchangeably.
- reporter gene is a gene that produces a protein product that is easily measured in analytical methods commonly used in the art, and the type of gene is not limited as long as the gene can easily measure the position or expression in a cell, animal or plant. .
- the method of identifying or enriching a cell in which a specific nucleotide sequence in a cell is cleaved by the specific nuclease of the present invention or in which the nucleotide sequence has been modified by the cleavage, and a system for monitoring nuclease activity are determined by a specific nuclease It is characterized by using a reporter construct comprising a target sequence recognized and a reporter gene.
- the reporter construct may be designed such that expression of the reporter gene is determined depending on whether a specific nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- the reporter construct may include a reporter gene that is not expressed because the translation frame does not fit.
- the target sequence recognized by the nuclease is inserted in the middle or in front of the reporter gene, when the nuclease expressed in the cell binds to the target sequence to cleave the reporter construct It may be designed to determine whether the reporter gene is expressed.
- a first reporter gene, a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, and a second reporter gene are sequentially included, wherein the nuclease expressed in the cell binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- it may be designed to determine whether the second reporter gene is expressed.
- a stop codon may be inserted upstream of the second reporter gene.
- a first reporter gene a target sequence recognized by the nuclease, a second reporter gene, and a third reporter gene, wherein the first reporter gene is linked to the target sequence by the nuclease.
- Expression of the second reporter gene, the third reporter gene, or both is expressed regardless of whether the reporter construct is cleaved and whether or not the nuclease expressed in the cell binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct. Can be determined.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene may be ones in which a translation frame is not matched with the first reporter gene, and the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene are connected to each other so that a translation frame does not match each other, or the same frame. It may be connected to.
- One or more target sites of the nuclease (s) to be screened can be inserted into the reporter construct by any suitable method, including commercial cloning systems such as PCR or TOPO and / or Gateway cloning systems.
- the 5 'region of the reporter gene can be operably linked to a constitutive or inducible promoter.
- the reporter gene included in the reporter construct may be a gene encoding a color protein.
- the color protein may be a fluorescent protein or a light emitting protein, but is not limited thereto.
- the fluorescent protein is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP), Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP), Cyan Fluorescent Protein (CFP), and Orange Fluorescent protein (Orange Fluorescent Protein, OFP) may be any one selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited thereto.
- the green fluorescent protein may be enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) or Emerald GFP.
- the yellow fluorescent protein may be any one protein selected from the group consisting of Venus, mCitrine, YPet, and eYFP.
- the cyan fluorescent protein may be any one protein selected from the group consisting of CyPet, mCFPm, and Cerulean.
- the orange fluorescent protein may be mOrange or mKO protein.
- the red fluorescent protein may be any one selected from the group consisting of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP), mCherry, tdTomato, mStrawberry, J-red, and DsRed.
- the light emitting protein may be any one selected from the group consisting of luminescent firefly luciferase, Renilla luciferase, and Gaussia luciferase.
- the luminescent protein of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the reporter gene of the present invention is a beta-galactosidase ( ⁇ -galactosidase), beta-lactamase ( ⁇ -lactamase), TEV-protease (TEV-protease), and dihydrofolate reductase (Dihydrofolate reductase) It may be a gene encoding any one protein selected from the group consisting of.
- reporter gene of the present invention may be a selection marker or a surface marker gene.
- reporter gene of the present invention may be an antibiotic resistance gene.
- the reporter constructs of the present invention comprise reporter genes that are not expressed due to mismatched translation frames.
- a target sequence recognized by a particular nuclease is inserted between GFP such that the C-terminal portion of GFP is outside the translation frame of the N-terminal portion of GFP.
- the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct, a double strand break (DSB) is induced, but the DSB of the gene may be recovered by a single strand polymerization system to express GFP.
- DSB double strand break
- a reporter construct sequentially comprising a first reporter gene encoding a red fluorescent protein, a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease, and a second reporter gene encoding a green fluorescent protein was used.
- the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct to induce DSB, it is repaired by NHEJ, which frequently causes frame shift mutations, increasing the probability of expression of both red and green fluorescent proteins.
- the reporter gene When the reporter gene is used as a gene encoding a fluorescent protein, it is preferable that the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene can be easily distinguished from the expression of the reporter gene by using a gene expressing different fluorescent colors.
- an MHC class I molecule that is a first reporter gene encoding a fluorescent protein, a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease, and a surface marker of a gene and a cell encoding a 2A-peptide Reporter constructs consisting of the H-2K k gene were used.
- the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct to induce DSB, it is repaired by NHEJ, which frequently causes frame shift mutations, resulting in expression of fluorescent proteins as well as 2A-peptide and H-2K k . .
- an agent encoding a green fluorescent protein encoding a red fluorescent protein, a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease, and a translation frame mismatched with the first reporter gene A reporter construct consisting of two reporter genes and a third reporter gene was used.
- the reporter construct may be repaired by NHEJ, which frequently causes frame shift mutations, to express a second fluorescent protein or a third fluorescent protein when the nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct to induce DSB.
- the reporter gene encoding a red fluorescent protein (RFP), which is expressed regardless of the activity of the nuclease; Target sequences recognized by the nuclease; A second reporter gene of an antibiotic resistance gene (HPT) and a third reporter gene encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was constructed such that the first reporter gene and the translation frame did not fit, were prepared.
- RFP red fluorescent protein
- HPT antibiotic resistance gene
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- FACS fluorescent active cell sorting
- MACS relates to a method of classifying cells using magnetic nanoparticles coated with antibodies to specific antigens on the cell surface.
- a construct using a construct in which a mRFP gene, a target sequence recognized by a specific nuclease, a 2A-peptide sequence and a mouse MHC class I molecule H-2K k gene is used as a reporter construct
- the cells were labeled with H-2K k -specific magnetic beads and magnetically separated on a MACS column to sort a cell population with a high proportion of cells in which a specific nucleotide sequence was modified by the nuclease.
- the MACS method does not classify cells using a laser, the cells are not damaged in the process of classifying the cells, so that the mutated cells in which the target gene is modified can be more efficiently sorted and concentrated.
- the nuclease is a target specific nuclease
- the target specific nuclease may be a nuclease capable of recognizing and cleaving a specific position of DNA on the genome.
- the nuclease may include a nuclease fused with a domain that recognizes a specific target sequence on the genome and a cleavage domain.
- meganuclease a plant pathogenic gene that is a domain that recognizes a specific target sequence on the genome.
- a fusion protein fused with a TAL activator-like effector domain and a cleavage domain derived therefrom, or zinc-finger nuclease may be included without limitation.
- the nuclease may be a meganuclease.
- Naturally-occurring meganucleases recognize 15-40 base pair cleavage sites, which are generally classified into four families: LAGLIDADG family, GIY-YIG family, His-Cyst box family, and HNH family.
- Exemplary meganucleases include I-SceI, I-CeuI, PI-PspI, PI-Sce, I-SceIV, I-CsmI, I-PanI, I-SceII, I-PpoI, I-SceIII, I-CreI , I-TevI, I-TevII and I-TevIII.
- the nuclease may be zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN).
- ZFNs include zinc-finger proteins engineered to bind selected genes and target sites within the cleavage domain or cleavage half-domain.
- the zinc-finger binding domain can be engineered to bind to the selected sequence.
- Beerli et al. (2002) Nature Biotechnol. 20: 135-141; Pabo et al. (2001) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 70: 313-340; Isalan et al, (2001) Nature Biotechnol. 19: 656-660; Segal et al. (2001) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
- Manipulation methods include, but are not limited to, rational design and various types of selection. Rational design includes, for example, the use of a database comprising triple (or quadruple) nucleotide sequences, and individual zinc finger amino acid sequences, wherein each triple or quadruple nucleotide sequence is composed of a zinc finger that binds to a particular triple or quadruple sequence. Is associated with one or more sequences.
- fusion proteins and polynucleotides encoding them are known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in US Patent Application Publications 2005/0064474 and 2006/0188987, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- zinc finger domains and / or multi-finger zinc finger proteins may be linked together by a linker comprising any suitable linker sequence, eg, a linker of 5 or more amino acids in length. have. Examples of linker sequences of six or more amino acids in length are described in US Pat. No. 6,479,626; 6,903,185; See 7,153,949.
- the proteins described herein can include any combination of linkers that are appropriate between each zinc finger of the protein.
- nucleases such as ZFNs and / or meganucleases include nucleases (cleaving domains, cleavage half-domains).
- cleavage domains are heterologous to DNA binding domains, such as, for example, zinc finger DNA binding domains and cleavage domains from one nuclease or cleavage domains from nucleases different from meganuclease DNA binding domains.
- Heterologous cleavage domains can be obtained from any endonuclease or exonuclease.
- Exemplary endonucleases from which a cleavage domain can be derived include, but are not limited to, restriction endonucleases and meganucleases.
- cleaved half-domains can be derived from any nuclease or portion thereof that requires dimerization for cleavage activity, as shown above. If the fusion protein comprises a cleavage half-domain, two fusion proteins are generally required for cleavage. Alternatively, a single protein comprising two truncated half-domains may be used. Two cleaved half-domains may be derived from the same endonuclease (or functional fragments thereof), or each cleaved half-domain may be from a different endonuclease (or functional fragments thereof). have.
- the target sites of the two fusion proteins are positioned so that the cleavage-half domains are spatially oriented relative to each other by the binding of the two fusion proteins and their respective target sites, thereby resulting in a truncated half-domain, for example, It is preferably arranged in a relationship that allows formation of a functional cleavage domain by sieving.
- the neighboring edges of the target site are separated by 5-8 nucleotides or 15-18 nucleotides.
- any integer nucleotide or nucleotide pair may be interposed between two target sites (eg, 2-50 nucleotide pairs or more).
- the cleavage site lies between the target sites.
- Restriction endonucleases are present in many species and can sequence-specifically bind to DNA (at the target site), thereby cleaving the DNA at or near the binding site.
- Some restriction enzymes eg, Type IIS
- the Type IIS enzyme FokI catalyzes double strand cleavage of DNA at 9 nucleotides from the recognition site on one strand and 13 nucleotides from the recognition site on the other strand.
- the fusion protein comprises a cleavage domain (or cleavage half-domain) from at least one Type IIS restriction enzyme and one or more zinc-finger binding domains (may or may not be engineered).
- one of the nucleases shown in Table 3 may be used.
- the nuclease used in the present invention may be already expressed by the nuclease before introducing the reporter construct into the cell, or the nuclease may be expressed after introducing the reporter construct into the cell.
- the nuclease may be expressed from an endogenous nuclease gene of a cell, or may be expressed from a foreign nuclease gene of a cell.
- the nuclease expression construct can be introduced into the cell, the timing of the introduction of the nuclease can be introduced before or after introduction of the reporter construct, or simultaneously with the reporter construct. May be introduced into the cell.
- nucleases used in the present invention can be readily designed using methods known in the art.
- an inducible promoter such as a galactokinase promoter that is activated (de-suppressed) in the presence of raffinose and / or galactose and inhibited in the presence of glucose.
- the galactokinase promoter is induced and the nuclease (s) are expressed when the carbon source is changed continuously (eg from glucose to raffinose and back to galactose).
- inducible promoters include, but are not limited to, CUPl, METl 5, PHO 5, and tet-reactive promoters.
- the cell type can be a cell line or a natural (eg, isolated) cell, for example a primary cell.
- Cell lines can be obtained, for example, from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) or by methods known in the art.
- ATCC American Type Culture Collection
- cells can be isolated by methods known in the art. Examples of cell types include, but are not limited to, cells that will or will have disease, such as cancerous cells, transformed cells, etiologically infected cells, fully differentiated cells, partially differentiated cells, immortalized cells, and the like. It doesn't work.
- prokaryotic e.g.
- eukaryotic e.g. yeast, plants, fungi, fish and mammalian cells such as cats, dogs, murines, cattle, pigs and humans
- eukaryotic cells e.g. yeast, plants, fungi, fish and mammalian cells such as cats, dogs, murines, cattle, pigs and humans
- eukaryotic cells being preferred.
- Suitable mammalian cell lines include CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells, HEP-G2 cells, BaF-3 cells, Schneider cells, COS cells (monkey kidney cells expressing SV40 T-antigen), HEK cells, CV-1 cells, HuTu80 Myeloma cells such as cells, NTERA2 cells, NB4 cells, HL-60 cells and HeLa cells, 293 cells (Graham et al. (1977) J. Gen. Virol.
- eukaryotic cells include, for example, insects (eg, sp. Frugiperda), yeast, including yeast cells (eg, S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, P. pastoris, K. lactis, H. polymorpha), and plant cells ( Fleer R. (1992) Current Opinion in Biotechnology 3: 486 496).
- the cells of the present invention may be induced pluripotent stem cells. That is, the method and reporter system of the present invention can be used to prepare induced pluripotent stem cells in which specific nucleotide sequences recognized by nucleases are modified and used as patient-specific cell therapy.
- the cells of the present invention may be cells of specific tissues of an animal.
- the methods and reporter systems of the present invention can be used to produce transformed cells in which a particular nucleotide sequence that is recognized by nucleases is modified in large quantities.
- the present invention uses a reporter construct in which the expression of a reporter gene is determined depending on whether a specific nuclease binds to a specific target sequence and cleaves the reporter construct.
- the cleavage can identify or enrich cells in which the nucleotide sequence has been modified.
- the modified nucleotide sequence of the cell to be identified or enriched may be an endogenous nucleotide sequence present on the genome.
- the mutation is not only a local mutation, but also a mutation such as a chromosomal rearrangement such as deletion, insertion, inversion, duplication, translocation. It includes, but is not limited to.
- the method comprises preparing a reporter construct comprising a target sequence and a reporter gene recognized by a specific nuclease, and introducing the same into a candidate cell. Before or after introducing the reporter construct into the cell, some or all of the cells may express the nuclease.
- Reporter constructs or nuclease expression constructs can be introduced into cells in order to express in the cell nucleases expressed from the reporter construct or the exogenous nuclease gene.
- Introduction methods can be carried out using methods known in the art.
- foreign DNA may be introduced into the cell by transfection or transduction.
- Transfections include sugars such as calcium phosphate-DNA co-precipitation, DEAE-dextran-mediated transfection, polybrene-mediated transfection, electroshock, microinjection, liposome fusion, lipofectamine and protoplast fusion. It can be carried out by various methods known in the art.
- the nuclease After introducing the reporter construct into the cell, the nuclease binds to the target sequence of the reporter construct and cleaves the reporter construct, thereby sorting the cells after the necessary recovery period before the cell mechanism to repair the induced DSB.
- the cell classification is classified into cells expressing a reporter gene and cells not expressing.
- the population of cells expressing the reporter gene has a high proportion of cells in which the endogenous specific nucleotide sequence present on the genome within the cell by a specific nuclease or in which the nucleotide sequence is modified by the cleavage is used.
- nucleases can enrich cells in which the endogenous nucleotide sequences present on the genome have been modified.
- a polynucleotide encoding a small amount of red fluorescent protein (mRFP), a recognition site of the ZFN, and an anti-fluorinated green fluorescent protein After transfecting human embryonic kidney cells with reporter vectors sequentially comprising a polynucleotide encoding the fusion protein of (eGFP), RFP + GFP + cell populations were sorted by flow cytometry and the mutation rate of the cell populations was measured. .
- the mutation rate by nuclease in the RFP + GFP + cell population classified by flow cytometry was increased about 20-fold, compared to the RFP - GFP - cell population and RFP + GFP - cell population.
- the present invention can increase the proportion of cells whose genome has been modified by nucleases in a population containing the same number of cells, ie, significantly enrich the cells mutated by nucleases.
- the flow cytometry is used to classify the RFP + GFP + cell population and determine the mutation rate. Mutation rate was increased by about 11 times compared to RFP - GFP - cell population, RFP + GFP - cell population, and fPCR analysis confirmed that it was increased by about 38 times.
- the reporter system of the present invention and a method for concentrating genome modified cells by nucleases using the same have the following advantages.
- the reporter system of the present invention can reflect their activity without affecting the activity of the nuclease, and thus can be used in combination with other methods that can enhance the activity of the nuclease.
- the introduction and sorting of cells into additional cells can be performed repeatedly to further enrich the mutant cell population.
- Dual allele knockout cells can be obtained by repeating the above procedure.
- gene-modified cells sorted by flow cytometry or separated by fluorescence microscopy are living and suitable for performing experiments such as somatic cell nuclear transfer or production of induced pluripotent stem cells.
- the reporter construct is delivered in the form of an episomal plasmid that disappears with the nuclease plasmid after 1 or 2 weeks as the cells divide in the medium, so that the entire genome is not compromised except for the nuclease target sequence. May be left unattended.
- Plasmids encoding zinc-finger nucleases used in the present invention, are described in previous studies (Kim et al., Genome Res 19 (7), 1279, 2009). It was constructed as. Plasmids encoding ZFN pairs targeting TP53 include polynucleotides of the sharkey RR FokI domain (TP53-L) represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and polynucleotides of the sharkey DAS FokI domain (TP53-R) represented by SEQ ID NO: 3. Included.
- DNA recognition helices of the sharkey RR FokI domain (TP53-L) encoded by the polynucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and the sharkey DAS FokI domain (TP53-R) encoded by the polynucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 are shown in FIG. It is underlined in the sequence described.
- ZFN used in the present invention has the characteristic of targeting a site in exon 5.
- the nuclease domain of ZFN used mandatory heterodimers (KK / EL (Miller et al., 2007) or sharkey DAS / RR (Guo et al., 2010)).
- Plasmids encoding TAL effectors (TALEs) targeting the human CCR5 gene were used in a manner similar to that described in the previous art (Kim et al., Genome Res 19 (7), 1279, 2009). It was prepared by.
- TAL-effector nucleases comprising amino acids represented by SEQ ID NOs: 48 and 49
- plasmids encoding TALENs comprising amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51
- the mRFP gene was amplified from pcDNA3-mRFP using primers having the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6 described in Table 1 below, and the amplified product was cloned into the Nhe I site of pEGFP-N1 (Clontech).
- the eGFP gene was amplified using primers of SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8, and cloned into Bam HI and No tI sites of the plasmid to prepare pRGS.
- the mRFP gene was amplified from pcDNA3-mRFP using primers having the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 6, and the amplified gene product was introduced into the NheI and EcoRI sites of pEGFP-N1 (Clontech). Cloned. 2A-peptide and eGFP genes were amplified from pEGFP-N1 with E2A inserted using primers having the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10 and cloned using BamHI and NotI sites. The NheI site of the plasmid was removed by introducing a silencing mutation and a new NheI site was added after 2A-petide.
- Mouse MHC class I molecule H-2K k genes are then amplified from pMACSK k .II (miltenyi biotech) using primers having the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 10 and 11 using the NheI and NotI in the plasmid cloning into place by replacing instead eGFP Proceeded.
- the target sequences recognized by ZFN were annealed in vitro by synthesized oligonucleotides (Bioneer, Daejon, South Korea) and inserted using EcoRI and BamHI sites of the plasmid.
- Oligonucleotides comprising the target sequence of the nuclease were synthesized in vitro (Bioneer, Daejon, South Korea) and annealed. The sequence of the target site was as described in Table 3 below.
- the polymerized oligonucleotides were bound in vectors (pRGS) cleaved with Eco R1 and Bam H1.
- the sequence of the reporter construct comprising the TP53 target sequence among the reporter constructs is shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 and FIG. 2.
- the target sequence of ZFN is underlined in the sequence described in FIG. 2.
- sequence of the double frame reporter construct comprising the target sequence of TALEN is described in FIGS. 16 (SEQ ID NO: 52) and 17 (SEQ ID NO: 53), and the sequence of the double frame reporter construct comprising the target sequence of CMAH-ZFN 24 (SEQ ID NO: 54) and 25 (SEQ ID NO: 55).
- HEK293T Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells were treated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 100 units / ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin, and 10% fetal calf serum (FBS). Incubated).
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- FBS fetal calf serum
- iPS Mouse induced pluripotent stem cell lines established by Andras Nagy and Knut Woltje were obtained from Andras Nagy (Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada), which was 10% on gelatinized culture dishes without feeder cells.
- Fetal bovine serum 0.1 mM non-essential amino acid (Invitrogen), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2000 U / mL leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), 100 units / ml penicillin, and Culture was performed in Glasgow modified Eagle medium (Sigma) to which 100 g / ml streptomycin was added. Cells were cultured without LIF for 3 weeks to obtain fibroblasts derived from mouse iPS cells.
- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
- HEK293 cells were transfected using Fugene 6 or Fugene HD (Roche), and transfection of fibroblasts derived from mouse iPS cells was performed using Magnetofection (Chemicell).
- the weight ratio of ZFN-encoding plasmid encoding another ZFN: reporter was 1: 1: 2
- the weight ratio of DNA was 1: 1: 1.
- flow cytometry was performed on the transfected cells after 3 days.
- Cells transfected with TEN were incubated for 3 days at 30 ° C. (cold shock) until flow cytometry and then cultured for one day at 37 ° C.
- T7E1 assay was performed by a known method.
- genomic DNA was isolated using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- DNA sites comprising the recognition sites of artificial nucleases were PCR amplified using the primers described in Table 4 below.
- Heating was applied to modify the amplicons obtained through the PCR and polymerized in the form of heteroduplex DNA.
- the heterologous double-stranded DNA was treated by 5 units of T7 endonuclease 1 (New England Biolabs) at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
- Genomic DNA (100 ng per reaction) was PCR amplified using phusion polymerase (Fynnzymes) and 5'-FAM labeled primers.
- the sequences of the primers used are shown in Table 5 below.
- CCR5 (ZFN-224) F 5'-TGCACAGGGTGGAACAAGATGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 42) R 5'-FAM-GAGCCCAGAAGGGGACAGTAAGAAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 43) CCR5 (Z891) F 5'-FAM-GAATAATTGCAGTAGCTCTAACAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 44) R 5'-CTCTTGCTGGAAAATAGAACAGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 45) TP53 F 5'-GCAGGAGGTGCTTACGCATGTTTGT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 46) R 5'-FAM-GCTGCTCACCATCGCTATCTGAGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 47)
- Amplified PCR products were analyzed using an ABI 3730xl DNA analyzer. The position and size of the peaks indicate the length and relative amount of the PCR product.
- Attached cells were trypsinized and resuspended with 2% FBS in PBS. Single cell suspensions were analyzed and sorted using FACSAria II (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif.) Or FACSVantage SE (BD Biosciences). To collect cells containing nuclease-induced mutations, cells with strong GFP signals were sorted. Untransfected cells and cells transfected with reporter alone were used as controls.
- Magnetic-activated cell sorting magnetic activated cell sorting, MACS
- HEK293 cells were cotransfected with 2 ug of reporter plasmid and 2 ug of ZFN-224 (targeting CCR5 gene).
- the reporter plasmid is a reporter plasmid that encodes a fusion protein of a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) -enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) into a DNA that encodes mRFP and eGFP.
- mRFP monomeric red fluorescent protein
- eGFP enhanced green fluorescent protein
- An artificial nuclease target sequence was inserted between the sequences to allow the eGFP sequence to fuse out of the frame of the mRFP sequence. Stop codons were inserted upstream of the eGFP sequence (see Figure 3 (a)).
- the reporter plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells, and the cells were sorted by flow cytometry.
- mRFP was expressed by the CMV promoter
- functional eGFP was not expressed because it is out of frame when the artificial nuclease has no activity.
- NHEJ DNA damage is repaired by NHEJ, which causes frame shift mutations, which allow eGFP to be present in frame with mRFP, thus functioning.
- Expression of mRFP-eGFP fusion proteins Using the above principle, the cells whose genome was modified by artificial nuclease could be concentrated and sorted (see FIG. 3 (b)).
- nuclease target sequence could be inserted into a coding site of a surrogate such as an eGFP gene.
- nuclease target sequence could be inserted such that the C-terminal region of the eGFP is outside the frame of the N-terminal region of the eGFP.
- the surrogate gene became inactive and the cell transfected with the surrogate gene was GFP-.
- the artificial nuclease binds to the target sequence and cleaves DNA, DSB occurs, which is repaired by NHEJ, which frequently causes frame shift mutations, resulting in some of the cells appearing as GFP +.
- the reporter constructs in this system encode inactive, partially replicated, and mutated reporter genes (FIG. 4A). Target sequences were inserted between replicated regions. When site-specific nucleases bind to the target sequence and cleave the DNA, the DNA is repaired by the SSA mechanism (various HR), resulting in a functional reporter gene. Similarly, a reporter system may be used that can be recovered by HR.
- the system includes an inactivated reporter gene, which consists of the target sequence of the nuclease and a homologous DNA provider capable of encoding a truncated and inactive reporter (FIG. 4B). If an artificial nuclease binds to a target sequence and cleaves DNA, a DSB occurs and HR repairs it, thereby making the reporter gene active.
- Reporter plasmids containing plasmids encoding ZFN pairs targeting the human TP53 gene and nuclease target sequences were transfected into HEK293 cells.
- HEK293 cells transfected with reporter plasmid alone or ZFN plasmid alone were used.
- the RFP + GFP + cell populations were classified by flow cytometry, and genomic DNA was isolated and analyzed to assess the extent of mutations induced by nucleases.
- T7 endonuclease I (T7E1) analysis of the genomic DNA revealed a 37% frequency of mutation of the TP53 gene in RFP + GFP + cells, indicating that the cells were unsorted. It was 13 times higher than that (FIG. 6b).
- the frequency of mutation of unclassified cells, ie, RFP - GFP - cells, RFP + GFP - cells, and cells transfected with ZFN plasmid alone, ranged from about 2.8-4.8%. From the above results, it can be seen that using the reporter system of the present invention, it is possible to significantly increase the concentration of gene-mutated cells.
- fPCR fluorescence polymerase chain reaction
- the surrogate reporter of the present invention proved to be a reliable system capable of monitoring the activity of ZFN in viable cells by enabling significant enrichment of cells with modified target genes.
- reporter system of the present invention can also be used for enriching cells genetically modified by other ZFNs, ZFN-224 and Z891, zinc finger nucleases each having a different target sequence in the human CCR5 gene Used.
- FIG. 7A Flow cytometry was performed 72 hours after ZFN-224 transfection, resulting in 23% of cells becoming RFP + GFP + (FIG. 7A).
- T7E1 analysis revealed a mutation rate of 69% in sorted RFP + GFP + cells and 12-16% in unclassified cells, ie RFP - GFP - and RFP + GFP - cells. That is, the mutation rate of sorted RFP + GFP + cells was increased by about 5.8-fold compared to unclassified cells (FIG. 7B).
- the Z891 induced mutations were significantly enriched in RFP + GFP + cells compared to unclassified cells.
- the mutation rate of sorted RFP + GFP + cells was increased about 11 times compared to unclassified cells (RFP - GFP - cells, RFP + GFP - cells) (FIG. 8B), and fPCR analysis
- the mutation rate of sorted RFP + GFP + cells was increased about 38-fold compared to unclassified cells (FIG. 8C).
- Reporter plasmids and plasmids encoding TALEN pairs targeting the CCR5 gene were cotransfected into HEK293 cells. Cells were incubated at 37 ° C. for one day and then at 30 ° C. for three days. Flow cytometry was performed on the cultured cells. As a result, the activity of TALEN could not be confirmed in the unclassified cells, but the mutation of the gene was clearly observed in the RFP + GFP + cells. This resulted in a 8.6-fold increase in the concentration of mutated cells compared to unclassified cells (FIG. 9).
- RFP dim means that the fluorescent color is dark
- midium means that the brightness of the fluorescent color is normal
- bright means that the fluorescent color is bright.
- T7E1 analysis confirmed that genome-modified cells were concentrated in the following order: RFP bright (10% mutation), RFP medium (6.3%), and RFP dim (1.2%) (FIG. 12). From this, it can be seen that high transfection efficiency leads to high mutation frequency.
- Reporter plasmids and plasmids encoding Z891 were co-transfected into HEK2993 cells and 3 days later RFP + GFP + cells were sorted using flow cytometry (first sorting) and analyzed for T7E1. After 24 hours of incubation, the cells were further co-formed and sorted using a reporter plasmid and Z891 plasmid. Sorted RFP + GFP + cells were analyzed for T7E1 (second class). These two co-transfection and sorting steps resulted in a 60-fold increase in enrichment of mutant cells, which means that cell populations containing nearly half of CCR5 allele-modified cells can be isolated (FIG. 13). ).
- magnetic-activated cell sorting was used in addition to flow cytometry, which is a method of sorting cells having fluorescence activity.
- the reporter gene consisted of the mRFP gene, target sequence of artificial nuclease, 2A-peptide sequence and mouse MHC class I molecule H-2K k gene (FIG. 14A).
- mRFP is expressed by the CMV promoter
- H-2K k is not expressed because it exists outside the frame when the artificial nuclease has no activity.
- DSB is generated in the target sequence by artificial nucleases
- the DNA damage is repaired by NHEJ, but this results in a frame shift mutation.
- Such mutations may allow 2A-peptide and H-2K k to be present in frame with mRFP, leading to expression of functional H-2K k protein.
- cells can be labeled with H-2K k -specific magnetic beads and magnetically separated on a MACS column (FIG. 14B). ).
- HEK293 cells were cotransfected with a plasmid encoding 2 ug of reporter plasmid and 2 ug of ZFN-224 (targeting the CCR5 gene).
- the reporter plasmid consisted of the mRFP gene, the target sequence of ZFN-224, the 2A-peptide sequence and the mouse MHC class I molecule H-2K k gene.
- MACSelect K k MACSelect K k
- T7E1 analysis was performed using genomic DNA isolated from magnetic bead-selected cells.
- the cells not classified as MACS showed a mutation rate of 18%, whereas the first classified cells had a mutation rate of 67%, and the second classified cells showed a mutation rate of 77% (FIG. 15). That is, the cells classified as MACS showed a mutation rate of about 4.5 times higher than that of the cells not classified. Since the MACS method does not classify cells using a laser, the cells are not damaged during the cell sorting process, and thus, mutant cells modified with the target genes can be more efficiently sorted and concentrated.
- Double frame NHEJ reporter constructs were used to allow nucleases to cleave specific nucleotide sequences in cells to enrich the genetically modified cells with higher efficiency.
- the CMV promoter was used for intracellular expression, and the mRFP reporter gene (first reporter gene), a control reporter gene for determining gene injection efficiency (a first reporter gene), a target sequence recognized by a nuclease, and the mRFP reporter gene were Two frame eGFP reporter genes (second reporter gene and third reporter gene) of different frames were arranged in a row so that the red fluorescent protein encoding and the amino acid codon frame did not match and a double frame NHEJ reporter construct was prepared.
- mRFP When the reporter construct was transfected into the cell and the reporter construct was introduced into the cell, mRFP was expressed regardless of the activity of the artificial nuclease.
- the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene were not expressed because they exist out of frame when the artificial nuclease does not have activity.
- DSB is generated in the target sequence by artificial nucleases, DNA damage is repaired by NHEJ, but this causes a frame shift mutation, which causes the second reporter gene or the third reporter gene to be the first reporter.
- the genes could be present in frame with the gene to induce the expression of the functional mRFP-eGFP fusion protein (FIG. 18).
- the first reporter construct including the first reporter gene (mRFP) and the second reporter gene (eGFP) whose amino acid codon frame does not fit, the first reporter gene (mRFP) and the first reporter construct in a different frame
- a second reporter construct comprising a first reporter gene and a second reporter gene (eGFP) that does not match the amino acid codon frame, and a second reporter gene of a different frame, wherein the first reporter gene (mRFP) and the amino acid codon frame do not match
- a third reporter construct containing (eGFP) and a third reporter gene (eGFP) was introduced into the cells, respectively, and nucleases were introduced into the cells.
- the cells were classified into cells expressing both mRFP and eGFP by flow cytometry, and their frame shift mutations were identified.
- codon frames generated by nuclease operation were used. Only one case of migration could be identified, whereas a third reporter construct was used to select and concentrate cells that had undergone all two frame shift mutations (FIG. 19).
- NHEJ mediation in all cases caused by artificial nuclease cleavage of the target site by arranging the second reporter gene and the third reporter gene in which the first reporter gene and the amino acid codon frame are not matched in different frames.
- Cells that have undergone frame shift mutations can be sorted and cells genetically modified by artificial nucleases can be enriched.
- the reporter construct includes only the first reporter gene and the second reporter gene in which the amino acid codon frame does not fit, only the cells having one frame shift mutation were selected, but the reporter constructs used in this example were Cells in which all frame shift mutations have been selected can be selected.
- the reporter construct used a CMV promoter for intracellular expression, and a hygromycin phosphotransferase designed to be expressed when ZFNs function properly, a target gene that can act by combining ZPN and RFP genes to determine gene injection efficiency.
- Hygromycin phosphotransferase, HPT-eGFP HPT-eGFP
- a pair of ZFNs capable of knocking out the porcine CMAH gene (36 ug) and the reporter construct (9 ug) for hygromycin screening were injected into porcine ear tissue cells via electrical stimulation and then 1 X 10 6 cells were transferred to 100 mm. Each dish was aliquoted and cultured. On day 2 after ZFN and reporter construct injection, the cell number was 3 ⁇ 10 5 cells per plate and treated with hygromycin B at a concentration of 300 ug / ml for 48 hours, resulting in the removal of hygromycin B on day 4 Replaced with. At this time, the number of cells survived by the hygromycin treatment was 1.5 X 10 4 cells. Initial colonies were formed on day 7, complete colonies were formed on day 18, and colonies formed on day 22 were transferred to a new 96-well culture dish to make transgenic cell lines modified with nucleases (FIG. 21).
- the ratio of cells in which genetic mutations were selected in the cells selected by treatment with hygromycin B (300 ug / ml) for 2 to 2 days after introduction of ZFN and reporter into cells was analyzed by T7E1 assay method. A higher percentage of transformed cells were identified in the treatment (12.1%) compared to the untreated control (3.1%) (FIG. 23).
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
mRFP | F | 5'-GCGGCTAGCCACCATGGCCTCCTCCGAGGACGTCATC-3' (서열번호 5) |
mRFP | R | 5'-GCGGCTAGCGAATTCGGCGCCGGTGGAGTGGCGGCCC-3' (서열번호 6) |
eGFP | F | 5'-GCGGGATCCAGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGAGCTG-3' (서열번호 7) |
eGFP | R | 5'-GTCGCGGCCGCTTTACTTGTAC-3' (서열번호 8) |
2A-peptide | F | 5'-GGCGGATCCTCAATGTACTAACTACGCTTTGTTG-3' (서열번호 9) |
2A-peptide | R | 5'-GGGCGCGGCCGCCTACTTGTACAGCTCGTCCATGC-3' (서열번호 10) |
H-2Kk | F | 5'-GGCGCTAGCATGGCACCCTGCATGCTGCTCCTGCTGTTGGCCGCGG-3' (서열번호 11) |
H-2Kk | R | 5'-GCCGCGGCCGCTTACCCTCCTTTTCCACCTGTGTT-3' (서열번호 12) |
인공 뉴클레아제 (Programmable nuclease) | 표적 서열(Target sequence) | 서열번호 |
ZFN-224_L | 5'-GATGAGGATGAC-3' | 13 |
ZFN-224_R | 5'-AAACTGCAAAAG-3' | 14 |
Z891_L | 5'-ATAGATGATGGG-3' | 15 |
Z891_R | 5'-GTCGGGGAGAAG-3' | 16 |
TP53_L | 5'-GGCGCGGACGCG-3' | 17 |
TP53_R | 5'-CATCTACAAGCA-3' | 18 |
TALEN_L | 5'-TGCATCAACCCCATCATC-3' | 19 |
TALEN_R | 5'-TAGTTTCTGAACTTCTCCCC-3' | 20 |
Thumpd3_L | 5'-CGAGCACGCCGC-3' | 21 |
Thumpd3_R | 5'-GGAGACCGGAAG-3' | 22 |
CMAH-ZFN_L | 5'-AAGCAGGACCGA-3' | 23 |
CMAH-ZFN_R | 5'-CGAGGATGGTGG-3' | 24 |
NFKB2a-L | 5'-TCGGGGGTGGCTCCCACATG-3' | 25 |
NFKB2a-R | 5'-TAGCCCCCGGCTGCACCCCC-3' | 26 |
NFKB2b-L | 5'-TCGACTACGGCGTCACCGCG-3' | 27 |
NFKB2b-R | 5'-TGGCGCTGTCCCGCCAGCAG-3' | 28 |
CCR5(ZFN-224) | F | 5'-GAGCCAAGCTCTCCATCTAGT-3' (서열번호 30) |
R | 5'-CTGTATGGAAAATGAGAGCTGC-3'(서열번호 31) | |
CCR5(Z891) | F | 5'-GAGCCAAGCTCTCCATCTAGT-3' (서열번호 32) |
NF | 5'-TTAAAGATAGTCATCTTGGGGC-3' (서열번호 33) | |
R | 5'-TCACAAGCCCACAGATATTT-3'(서열번호 34) | |
TP53 | F | 5'-GCAGGAGGTGCTTACGCATGTTTGT-3' (서열번호 35) |
R | 5'-GCTGCTCACCATCGCTATCTGAGC-3' (서열번호 36) | |
CCR5(TALEN) | F | 5'-GAGCCAAGCTCTCCATCTAGT-3' (서열번호 37) |
NF | 5'-TTAAAGATAGTCATCTTGGGGC-3' (서열번호 38) | |
R | 5'-TCACAAGCCCACAGATATTT-3' (서열번호 39) | |
Thumpd3 | F | 5'-CAACCGAGCATCCGCTCGCTAGG-3'(서열번호 40) |
R | 5'-GAAGGGGCTGGAGTGGTGTTACCG-3'(서열번호 41) |
CCR5 (ZFN-224) | F | 5'-TGCACAGGGTGGAACAAGATGG-3'(서열번호 42) |
R | 5'-FAM-GAGCCCAGAAGGGGACAGTAAGAAGG-3'(서열번호 43) | |
CCR5 (Z891) | F | 5'-FAM-GAATAATTGCAGTAGCTCTAACAGG-3'(서열번호 44) |
R | 5'-CTCTTGCTGGAAAATAGAACAGC-3'(서열번호 45) | |
TP53 | F | 5'-GCAGGAGGTGCTTACGCATGTTTGT-3' (서열번호 46) |
R | 5'-FAM-GCTGCTCACCATCGCTATCTGAGC-3' (서열번호 47) |
돌연변이율(%) | 농축율(Fold enrichment) | ||||
표적 유전자(Target gene) | 분류되지 않은 세포(Unsorted) | 분류된 세포(Sorted) (RFP+ GFP-) | 분류된 세포(Sorted)(RFP+ GFP+) | 분류된 세포(Sorted) (RFP+ GFP-) | 분류된 세포(Sorted) (RFP+ GFP+) |
TP53 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 37 | 1.7 | 13 |
CCR5 (ZFN-224) | 12 | 16 | 69 | 1.3 | 5.8 |
CCR5 (Z891) | 0.8 | 3.0 | 8.7 | 3.8 | 11 |
CCR5 (TALEN) | 0.5 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 8.6 |
Thumpd3 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 46 | 4.8 | 92 |
Hygromycin B 처리구 | 형광발현된 세포수 | ||
RFP / Total (%) | GFP / Total (%) | GFP / RFP (%) | |
처리전(2일째) | 120/339 (35.4) | 69/339 (20.0) | 69/120 (57.5) |
0 ug/ml 처리(4일째) | 58/165 (35.2) | 26/165 (15.8) | 26/58 (44.8) |
300 ug/ml 처리(4일째) | 47/48 (97.9) | 38/48 (79.2) | 38/47 (80.9) |
Claims (28)
- 특정 뉴클레아제에 의해 세포 내 특정 뉴클레오티드 서열이 절단되거나 또는 상기 절단에 의해 상기 뉴클레오티드 서열이 변형된 세포를 선별 또는 농축시키는 방법으로서,상기 뉴클레아제에 의해 인식되는 표적 서열 및 리포터 유전자를 포함하는 리포터 구성물을 준비하는 단계로서, 상기 리포터 구성물은 상기 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는 여부에 따라 상기 리포터 유전자의 발현 여부가 결정되는 것인 제1단계;상기 리포터 구성물을 후보 세포에 도입시키는 단계로서, 상기 후보 세포 중 일부 또는 전부는 상기 리포터 구성물의 도입 전 또는 후에 상기 뉴클레아제를 발현하는 것인 제2단계; 및제2단계의 결과물인 후보 세포로부터 리포터 유전자를 발현하는 세포 또는 리포터 유전자를 발현하지 않는 세포를 분류하는 제3단계;를 포함하는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 세포 내 특정 뉴클레오티드 서열은 게놈 상에 존재하는 내재성 뉴클레오티드 서열인 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리포터 구성물은 상기 뉴클레아제에 의해 인식되는 표적 서열이 리포터 유전자의 중간이나 앞에 삽입되어 있는 것으로, 상기 세포에서 발현되는 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부에 따라 상기 리포터 유전자의 발현 여부가 결정되는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리포터 구성물은 제1 리포터 유전자, 상기 뉴클레아제에 의해 인식되는 표적 서열, 및 제2 리포터 유전자가 포함되어 있되,상기 세포에서 발현되는 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부에 따라 상기 제2 리포터 유전자의 발현 여부가 결정되는 것인 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자는 제1 리포터 유전자와 번역 프레임이 맞지 않게 연결된 것인 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자의 업스트림에 정지 코돈이 삽입된 것인 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 제3단계의 세포 분류 단계는 제1 리포터 유전자 및 제2 리포터 유전자가 모두 발현되는 세포를 분류하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리포터 구성물은 제1 리포터 유전자, 상기 뉴클레아제에 의해 인식되는 표적 서열, 제2 리포터 유전자, 및 제3 리포터 유전자가 포함되어 있되,상기 제1 리포터 유전자는 상기 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부와 상관없이 발현되고,상기 세포에서 발현되는 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부에 따라 상기 제2 리포터 유전자, 제3 리포터 유전자 또는 둘다의 발현 여부가 결정되는 것인 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자는 제1 리포터 유전자와 번역 프레임이 맞지 않게 연결된 것인 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자는 서로 번역 프레임이 맞지 않게 연결된 것인 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자가 서로 같은 번역 프레임으로 연결된 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리포터 유전자는 베타-갈락토시다제(beta-galactosidase), 베타-락타마아제(β-lactamase), TEV-프로테아제(TEV-protease), 디히드로엽산환원효소(Dihydrofolate reductase), 루시퍼라제(luciferase), 레닐라 루시퍼라아제(Renilla luciferase), 가우시아 루시퍼라아제(Gaussia luciferase), 선택마커(selection marker), 표면 마커 유전자(surface marker gene), 형광단백질, 및 항생제 저항성 단백질로 구성된 군으로부터 선택된 단백질을 코딩하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제2단계에서 발현되는 상기 뉴클레아제는 일시적으로 세포에서 발현되거나, 세포 내 게놈에 삽입된 상태에서 발현되는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제3단계의 분류방법은 FACS(Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) 또는 MACS(Magnetic-activated cell sorting)로 세포를 분류하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제2단계 및 제3단계를 2회 이상 반복 수행하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 리포터 유전자를 발현하는 세포 또는 리포터 유전자를 발현하지 않는 세포를 분류하는 제3단계를 통해, 상기 뉴클레아제의 활성을 확인하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제16항 중 어느 한항에 있어서, 제2 단계에서 리포터 구성물은 1개 또는 2개 이상 도입시키는 것이 특징인 방법.
- 특정 뉴클레아제에 의해 세포 내 특정 뉴클레오티드 서열이 절단되거나 또는 상기 절단에 의해 상기 뉴클레오티드 서열이 변형된 세포를 확인, 선별, 또는 농축시키기 위한 리포터 구성물로서,제1 리포터 유전자, 상기 뉴클레아제에 의해 인식되는 표적 서열, 및 제2 리포터 유전자가 포함되어 있고,상기 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 상기 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부에 따라 상기 제2 리포터 유전자의 발현 여부가 결정되는 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제1 리포터 유전자, 상기 뉴클레아제에 의해 인식되는 표적 서열, 제2 리포터 유전자, 및 제3 리포터 유전자가 포함된 리포터 구성물로서,상기 제1 리포터 유전자는 상기 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부와 상관없이 발현되고,상기 세포에서 발현되는 뉴클레아제가 상기 표적 서열에 결합하여 리포터 구성물을 절단하는지 여부에 따라 상기 제2 리포터 유전자, 제3 리포터 유전자 또는 둘다의 발현 여부가 결정되는 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 리포터 구성물은 특정 뉴클레아제에 의해 세포 내 특정 뉴클레오티드 서열이 절단되거나 또는 상기 절단에 의해 상기 뉴클레오티드 서열이 변형된 세포를 확인, 선별, 또는 농축시키기 위한 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자는 제1 리포터 유전자와 번역 프레임이 맞지 않게 연결된 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자는 서로 번역 프레임이 맞지 않게 연결된 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자가 서로 같은 번역 프레임으로 연결된 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제23항에 있어서, 상기 제2 리포터 유전자 및 제3 리포터 유전자는 서로 다른 종류의 리포터 유전자인 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제18항 또는 제19항에 있어서, 상기 특정 뉴클레아제 의해 표적 서열이 절단되면 리포터 구성물의 프레임 이동 돌연변이가 발생되는 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제18항 또는 제19항에 있어서, 상기 리포터 유전자는 베타-갈락토시다제(beta-galactosidase), 베타-락타마아제(β-lactamase), TEV-프로테아제(TEV-protease), 디히드로엽산환원효소(Dihydrofolate reductase), 루시퍼라제(luciferase), 레닐라 루시퍼라아제(Renilla luciferase), 가우시아 루시퍼라아제(Gaussia luciferase), 선택마커(selection marker), 표면 마커 유전자(surface marker gene), 형광단백질, 및 항생제 저항성 단백질로 구성된 군으로부터 선택된 단백질을 코딩하는 것인 리포터 구성물.
- 제18항 내지 제26항 중 어느 한 항의 리포터 구성물 하나 또는 둘 이상을 포함하는 숙주세포.
- 제18항 내지 제26항 중 어느 한 항의 리포터 구성물 하나 또는 둘 이상; 숙주 세포; 뉴클레아제를 발현하는 구성물을 포함하는 뉴클레아제 활성의 모니터링 시스템으로서,상기 리포터 구성물, 상기 뉴클레아제 발현 구성물 또는 둘다는 상기 숙주 세포 내에 도입되어 있거나 세포 외에 별도로 구비되어 있는 것인 시스템.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/000,920 US9809839B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | Method for concentrating cells that are genetically altered by nucleases |
JP2013555364A JP6063399B2 (ja) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | ヌクレアーゼにより遺伝子変形された細胞を濃縮させる方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161445346P | 2011-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | |
US61/445,346 | 2011-02-22 | ||
KR10-2011-0093704 | 2011-09-16 | ||
KR1020110093704A KR20120096395A (ko) | 2011-02-22 | 2011-09-16 | 뉴클레아제에 의해 유전자 변형된 세포를 농축시키는 방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012115454A2 true WO2012115454A2 (ko) | 2012-08-30 |
WO2012115454A3 WO2012115454A3 (ko) | 2012-12-20 |
Family
ID=46651767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2012/001367 WO2012115454A2 (ko) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | 뉴클레아제에 의해 유전자 변형된 세포를 농축시키는 방법 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9809839B2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP6063399B2 (ko) |
KR (2) | KR20120096395A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2012115454A2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018113985A (ja) * | 2012-11-01 | 2018-07-26 | ファクター バイオサイエンス インコーポレイテッド | 細胞中でタンパク質を発現するための方法および生成物 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201122458D0 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-02-08 | Univ Wageningen | Modified cascade ribonucleoproteins and uses thereof |
MA37663B1 (fr) | 2012-05-25 | 2019-12-31 | Univ California | Procédés et compositions permettant la modification de l'adn cible dirigée par l'arn et la modulation de la transcription dirigée par l'arn |
EP3617309A3 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2020-05-06 | Sigma Aldrich Co. LLC | Crispr-based genome modification and regulation |
RU2018122288A (ru) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-03-06 | Карибо Биосайенсиз, Инк. | Композиции и способы с участием нуклеиновых кислот, нацеленных на нуклеиновые кислоты |
WO2016132122A1 (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-25 | University Of Edinburgh | Assay construct |
CN108431226A (zh) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-08-21 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 基因修饰测定 |
KR102264829B1 (ko) | 2019-11-22 | 2021-06-14 | 한국원자력의학원 | 유전자 가위의 절단 효율을 평가할 수 있는 리포터 시스템 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050064474A1 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-03-24 | Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. | Methods and compositions for targeted cleavage and recombination |
US20090111119A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-30 | Yannick Doyon | Rapid in vivo identification of biologically active nucleases |
US20110014616A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-20 | Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. | Rapid screening of biologically active nucleases and isolation of nuclease-modified cells |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2839726B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-17 | 2004-08-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Methode de mesure du processus de recombinaison non-homolgue de l'adn dans des cellules de mammifere et ses applications |
-
2011
- 2011-09-16 KR KR1020110093704A patent/KR20120096395A/ko unknown
-
2012
- 2012-02-22 KR KR1020120018203A patent/KR101380410B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-02-22 WO PCT/KR2012/001367 patent/WO2012115454A2/ko active Application Filing
- 2012-02-22 JP JP2013555364A patent/JP6063399B2/ja active Active
- 2012-02-22 US US14/000,920 patent/US9809839B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050064474A1 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-03-24 | Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. | Methods and compositions for targeted cleavage and recombination |
US20090111119A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-30 | Yannick Doyon | Rapid in vivo identification of biologically active nucleases |
KR20100087286A (ko) * | 2007-09-27 | 2010-08-04 | 상가모 바이오사이언스 인코포레이티드 | 생물학적으로 활성인 뉴클레아제의 신속한 생체내 확인 |
US20110014616A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-20 | Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. | Rapid screening of biologically active nucleases and isolation of nuclease-modified cells |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018113985A (ja) * | 2012-11-01 | 2018-07-26 | ファクター バイオサイエンス インコーポレイテッド | 細胞中でタンパク質を発現するための方法および生成物 |
JP2021090435A (ja) * | 2012-11-01 | 2021-06-17 | ファクター バイオサイエンス インコーポレイテッド | 細胞中でタンパク質を発現するための方法および生成物 |
JP7436406B2 (ja) | 2012-11-01 | 2024-02-21 | ファクター バイオサイエンス インコーポレイテッド | 細胞中でタンパク質を発現するための方法および生成物 |
US12006508B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2024-06-11 | Factor Bioscience Inc. | Methods and products for expressing proteins in cells |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101380410B1 (ko) | 2014-04-02 |
KR20120096395A (ko) | 2012-08-30 |
WO2012115454A3 (ko) | 2012-12-20 |
JP6063399B2 (ja) | 2017-01-18 |
JP2014510522A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
US20140045176A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
US9809839B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
KR20120096442A (ko) | 2012-08-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2012115454A2 (ko) | 뉴클레아제에 의해 유전자 변형된 세포를 농축시키는 방법 | |
WO2016111546A9 (ko) | 혈액 응고인자 viii 유전자를 타겟으로 하는 엔도뉴클레아제 및 이를 포함하는 혈우병 치료용 조성물 | |
WO2016076672A1 (ko) | 유전체에서 유전자 가위의 비표적 위치를 검출하는 방법 | |
WO2016021972A1 (en) | Immune-compatible cells created by nuclease-mediated editing of genes encoding hla | |
WO2015163733A1 (en) | A method of selecting a nuclease target sequence for gene knockout based on microhomology | |
WO2014065596A1 (en) | Composition for cleaving a target dna comprising a guide rna specific for the target dna and cas protein-encoding nucleic acid or cas protein, and use thereof | |
WO2010143917A2 (en) | Targeted genomic rearrangements using site-specific nucleases | |
AU2017335084B2 (en) | Compositions containing protein loaded exosome and methods for preparing and delivering the same | |
WO2010076939A1 (en) | A novel zinc finger nuclease and uses thereof | |
Watanabe et al. | Knockout of exogenous EGFP gene in porcine somatic cells using zinc-finger nucleases | |
WO2017188797A1 (ko) | In vivo에서 rna-가이드 뉴클레아제의 활성을 고처리량 방식으로 평가하는 방법 | |
WO2016021973A1 (ko) | 캄필로박터 제주니 crispr/cas 시스템 유래 rgen을 이용한 유전체 교정 | |
WO2015053523A1 (ko) | 항체 발현용 바이시스트로닉 발현벡터 및 이를 이용한 항체의 생산 방법 | |
WO2019009682A2 (ko) | 표적 특이적 crispr 변이체 | |
WO2018088694A2 (ko) | 인위적으로 조작된 sc 기능 조절 시스템 | |
WO2019066378A1 (ko) | Factor viii 또는 factor ix 유전자가 녹아웃된 토끼, 이의 제조방법 및 그 용도 | |
WO2021256668A1 (ko) | 형광단백질로 표지된 사이토크롬 p450 으로 형질전환된 인간유도 만능줄기 세포주 및 이를 이용한 ahr 조절제 스크리닝 방법 | |
WO2020209458A1 (ko) | 인공 재조합 염색체 및 이의 이용 | |
WO2022124839A1 (ko) | 온-타겟 활성이 유지되고 오프-타겟 활성이 감소된 가이드 rna 및 이의 용도 | |
WO2020197242A1 (ko) | 혈우병b 질환 모델 랫드 | |
WO2021141421A1 (ko) | 조류인플루엔자 바이러스에 저항성을 갖는 유전자 편집 조류의 제조방법 | |
WO2016093668A2 (ko) | 일체형 유전자 치료 유도만능줄기세포 제작방법 | |
WO2020005011A1 (ko) | 돌연변이 마우스 유래 췌장 오거노이드 및 표준화된 약물 효과 확인 방법 | |
WO2024063273A1 (en) | Novel adenine deaminase variants and a method for base editing using the same | |
WO2021145700A1 (ko) | 저산소 환경 하에서 높은 적응력을 가지는 세포 및 이의 용도 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12749864 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013555364 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14000920 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 12749864 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |