WO2021256479A1 - 麦芽発酵液の製造方法 - Google Patents
麦芽発酵液の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021256479A1 WO2021256479A1 PCT/JP2021/022784 JP2021022784W WO2021256479A1 WO 2021256479 A1 WO2021256479 A1 WO 2021256479A1 JP 2021022784 W JP2021022784 W JP 2021022784W WO 2021256479 A1 WO2021256479 A1 WO 2021256479A1
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- fermented
- malt
- fermentation
- liquid
- yeast
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- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 168
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- PKAUICCNAWQPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CNC.CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OCC(O)=O PKAUICCNAWQPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C12/00—Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer
- C12C12/04—Beer with low alcohol content
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/382—Other non-alcoholic beverages fermented
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
- C12C11/003—Fermentation of beerwort
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
- C12C11/11—Post fermentation treatments, e.g. carbonation, or concentration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C12/00—Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer
- C12C12/002—Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer using special microorganisms
- C12C12/006—Yeasts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
- C12G3/025—Low-alcohol beverages
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fermented liquid having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma using malt saccharified as a raw material, and a method for producing a beverage containing the fermented liquid produced by the production method as a raw material.
- a rice flour saccharified fermented beverage having excellent digestibility and absorption can be obtained.
- a specific strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus which is a yeast isolated from kefir, as the yeast used at this time, rice flour that can utilize the sweetness of the rice flour saccharified solution itself in a fruity manner.
- a saccharified fermented beverage can be obtained (Non-Patent Document 1).
- Kluiberomyces marxianus has the ability to produce ethyl acetate from lactose only under aeration conditions (Non-Patent Document 2).
- the present invention is a method for producing a malt fermented liquid having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma, a method for producing a malt fermented beverage using the malt fermented liquid produced by the production method, and a method for producing the malt fermented beverage.
- the purpose is to provide a fermented malt beverage.
- the present inventors have used Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast, which has not been used for fermentation of a fermentation raw material solution containing malt saccharified product, for aeration. It was found that by performing fermentation, the production of ethanol is suppressed, and instead the production of aroma components such as esters is promoted, so that a malt fermented liquid having a fruity aroma and a low ethanol concentration can be produced.
- the present invention has been completed.
- the method for producing a fermented malt liquid, the method for producing a fermented malt beverage, and the fermented malt beverage according to the present invention are described in the following [1] to [10].
- [1] A method for producing a malt fermented liquor, which comprises a step of inoculating a yeast of the Kluy veromyces marxianus species into a fermentation raw material liquor containing a saccharified malt and aerating the fermentation.
- [3] The method for producing a fermented malt solution according to the above [1] or [2], which comprises producing a fermented malt solution having a propyl acetate concentration of 0.1 ppm (mg / L) or more.
- [4] The method for producing a fermented malt solution according to any one of [1] to [3] above, which comprises producing a fermented malt solution having an ethanol concentration of 0.5% (vol / vol) or less.
- [5] The method for producing a fermented malt solution according to any one of [1] to [4] above, which comprises producing a fermented malt solution having an ethyl acetate concentration of 50 ppm (mg / L) or more.
- a method for producing a fermented malt beverage which comprises using the fermented malt solution obtained by the method for producing a fermented malt solution according to any one of [1] to [5] as a raw material to produce a fermented malt beverage.
- the method for producing a fermented malt beverage according to [6] which comprises a step of diluting the fermented malt liquid.
- a fermented malt beverage having a propyl acetate concentration of 0.1 ppm (mg / L) or more and an ethanol concentration of 0.5% (vol / vol) or less.
- the malt fermented beverage according to the above [9] which is a beer-like effervescent beverage.
- the ethanol-producing ability is low, and esters such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ⁇ -phenethyl acetate, and propyl acetate, and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms such as isoamyl alcohol and ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol. It is fermented by aeration using yeast of the Kluy veromyces marxianus species, which has a high production capacity. Therefore, according to the method for producing a malt fermented liquid according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a malt fermented liquid having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma. Further, by using the malt fermented liquid, it is possible to provide a malt fermented beverage having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma.
- the "malt fermented beverage” means a beverage produced by using malt or a processed product thereof as a raw material and undergoing a fermentation step with yeast.
- the fermented malt beverage may be an alcoholic beverage, or may be a so-called non-alcoholic beverage or a low-alcoholic beverage having an ethanol concentration of less than 1.0% (vol / vol).
- the ethanol concentration is preferably less than 0.5% (vol / vol), more preferably less than 0.1% (vol / vol), and further less than 0.05% (vol / vol). preferable.
- malt fermented beverage examples include beer-like sparkling beverages.
- the "beer-like effervescent beverage” has a flavor, taste and texture equivalent to or similar to that of beer, and has a beer-like taste (a taste pronounced of beer in terms of flavor).
- Means sex drink Specific examples of the malt-fermented beer-like sparkling beverage include beer and sparkling wine made from malt.
- liqueurs obtained by mixing malt fermented liquid with ethanol-containing distilled liquid may be used.
- the ethanol-containing distillation solution is a solution containing ethanol obtained by a distillation operation, and may be, for example, alcohol (ethanol) for raw materials, such as whiskey, brandy, wokca, lamb, tequila, gin, and shochu. Distilled liquor (spirits) or the like can be used.
- the method for producing a malt fermented liquid according to the present invention includes a step of inoculating a fermentation raw material liquid containing malt saccharified product with yeast of Kluyveromyces marxianus species and aerating fermentation.
- the yeast of the Kluy veromyces marxianus species has a lower ethanol-producing ability during aeration fermentation than the Saccharomyces yeast, and instead has a higher ability to produce aroma components such as esters and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- a fermented liquid having a low ethanol concentration and rich in esters such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ⁇ -phenethyl acetate, and propyl acetate can be obtained.
- the yeast used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a yeast of the Kruivelomyces marxianus species. From the viewpoint of safety when the produced malt fermented liquid is applied to foods and drinks, it is preferable to use Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast isolated from foods and drinks, their materials, and edible animals and plants. These Kluy Bello Mrs. Marxianus yeasts are available from strain storage organizations and distributors such as the Biotechnology Center (NBRC), National Collection of Yeast Culture (NCYC), Incorporated Administrative Agency, Product Evaluation Technology Infrastructure Organization. It can be appropriately selected and used from the strains of Mrs. Marxianus.
- NBRC Biotechnology Center
- NCYC National Collection of Yeast Culture
- NCYC National Collection of Yeast Culture
- Product Evaluation Technology Infrastructure Organization It can be appropriately selected and used from the strains of Mrs. Marxianus.
- the fermentation raw material liquid infused and fermented with Kluyberomyces marxianus yeast contains malt saccharified product, and a carbon source or nitrogen source that can be assimilated by Kluyberomyces marxianus seed yeast is used.
- a carbon source or nitrogen source that can be assimilated by Kluyberomyces marxianus seed yeast is used.
- it is not particularly limited.
- it may consist only of malt saccharified product, or may contain a carbon source or nitrogen source other than malt saccharified product.
- malt saccharified product is a saccharified product of saccharides in malt with various enzymes.
- the enzyme used for the saccharification treatment may be an enzyme originally contained in malt or an enzyme derived from other than malt.
- a saccharified product is obtained by amylase derived from malt.
- a saccharifying enzyme derived from other than malt may be further added, or an enzyme other than the saccharifying enzyme such as a proteolytic enzyme may be used in combination.
- wort or malt extract can be used as the saccharified product of malt.
- Malt extract is a concentrated wort and contains maltose as a main component.
- the malt extract is used as it is in carbonated water to make a beverage, or as a raw material for food and drink.
- Concentration of wort can be performed by a conventional method. Concentration under reduced pressure is preferable because the influence on the components in the wort is suppressed, but it can also be concentrated by heating to remove the solvent.
- Wort is prepared by preparing a mixture containing malt and raw water, heating it, and saccharifying the starch of the malt.
- the malt is preferably used as a crushed malt obtained by crushing.
- the malt crushing treatment can be carried out by a conventional method.
- the malt crushed product may be a product which has been subjected to a treatment usually performed before and after the crushing treatment.
- the mixture containing malt and raw water may contain fermented raw materials other than malt.
- the fermentation raw material may be a grain raw material or a sugar raw material.
- grain raw materials other than malt include wheat such as barley and wheat, beans such as rice, corn and soybean, and potatoes.
- the grain raw material can also be used as a grain crushed product, a grain syrup, a grain extract and the like.
- the grain crushed product may be a product which has been subjected to a treatment usually performed before and after the crushing treatment, such as cornstarch and corn grits.
- the sugar raw material include sugars such as liquid sugar.
- Wort may be used as it is as a fermentation raw material liquid, but it is preferable to carry out boiling treatment before inoculating yeast.
- boiling treatment sterilization can be performed and fermentation can be performed more safely.
- the filtration treatment is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected and used from the solid-liquid separation treatments generally performed in the manufacturing process of foods and drinks such as diatomaceous earth filtration and filter filtration. Further, instead of the filtrate of this sugar solution, a malt extract to which warm water is added may be used and boiled. The boiling method and its conditions can be appropriately determined.
- a malt fermented liquid having a desired flavor can be produced by appropriately adding herbs or the like before or during the boiling treatment.
- hops are preferably added before or during the boiling process.
- the amount of hops added, the mode of addition (for example, addition in several portions) and the boiling conditions can be appropriately determined.
- the boiled wort removes the dregs such as proteins generated by the precipitation before inoculating the yeast.
- the residue may be removed by any solid-liquid separation treatment, but generally, the precipitate is removed using a tank called a whirlpool.
- the temperature of the broth at this time may be 15 ° C. or higher, and is generally about 50 to 80 ° C.
- the clear wort (filtrate) is cooled to an appropriate fermentation temperature by a plate cooler or the like. The wort after removing the lees becomes the fermentation raw material liquid.
- Fermentation is performed by inoculating the cooled fermentation raw material liquid with Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast.
- the cooled fermentation raw material liquid may be subjected to fermentation as it is, or may be subjected to fermentation after adjusting to a desired extract concentration.
- the fermentation raw material liquid inoculated with Kluy veromyces marxianus seed yeast preferably has a Brix of 4 ° to 20 °, more preferably a Brix of 7 ° to 18 °, and 9 ° to 16 °. It is more preferably °, and even more preferably 10 ° to 14 °.
- the Brix value of the fermentation raw material liquid can be measured by a conventional method using a measuring device such as a refractometer (RX-5000 ⁇ , manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.).
- a malt fermented liquor can be obtained by performing aeration fermentation on the fermented raw material liquor inoculated with Kluy veromyces marxianus seed yeast.
- Kluy veromyces marxianus seed yeast By fermenting Kluiberomyces malxianus yeast under aerobic conditions, ethanol production is further suppressed, and the production of esters and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms is higher, and the aroma is superior and low.
- a fermented malt solution having an ethanol concentration is obtained.
- Aeration fermentation is fermentation performed under aerobic conditions in which oxygen and air can be supplied into the medium, and can be performed by a conventional method.
- a shaking culture method, a stirring culture method, and an aeration stirring culture method can be used.
- the stirring conditions and the aeration amount of air and oxygen gas may be selected as long as they can keep the culture environment aerobic, and may be appropriately selected depending on the culture apparatus, the viscosity of the medium, and the like.
- Air or oxygen gas can be continuously or intermittently aerated so as to be (for example, 1 ppm (mg / L)) or more.
- the fermentation conditions in the method for producing a malt fermented liquid according to the present invention are appropriately selected from among general yeast fermentation conditions that can maintain an aerobic culture environment at the time of fermentation, and if necessary. Can be modified.
- the fermentation temperature is 0 to 35 ° C, preferably 12 to 28 ° C, more preferably 15 to 25 ° C.
- esters and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms can be efficiently produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast.
- the fermentation time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 days or less, more preferably 4 days or less, and even more preferably 3 days or less.
- the malt fermented liquid produced in this way has a low ethanol concentration and a high content of aroma components.
- the aroma component include ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, ⁇ -phenethyl acetate (1-phenylethyl acetate), ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol (2-phenylethanol), and propyl acetate. These are the causative components of the fruity aroma, and since the content of these components is high, the malt fermented liquid obtained by aerial fermentation of Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast is excellent in the fruity aroma.
- the ethanol concentration of the malt fermented liquid obtained by the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the ethanol concentration of the produced malt fermented liquid is less than 1.0% (vol / vol) and 0.5% (vol). / Vol) or less, more preferably 0.25% (vol / vol) or less, and even more preferably 0.15% (vol / vol) or less.
- the ethanol concentration of the fermented malt liquid or the beverage is determined by, for example, an enzyme method using a multifunctional biosensor BF-5 (manufactured by Oji Measuring Instruments), a distillation-density (specific gravity) method, or a gas chromatograph. It can be measured by a tograph (GC: Gas Chromatography) analysis method, an oxidation method, or the like.
- a multifunctional biosensor BF-5 manufactured by Oji Measuring Instruments
- a distillation-density (specific gravity) method or a gas chromatograph. It can be measured by a tograph (GC: Gas Chromatography) analysis method, an oxidation method, or the like.
- the malt fermented liquor obtained by the present invention preferably contains propyl acetate equal to or higher than the detection limit.
- Propyl acetate is an ester produced by aeration fermentation with Kluyberomyces marxianus yeast, which is rarely detected in fermented liquor fermented with Saccharomyces yeast or Pikia yeast used in conventional fermentation. be.
- the propyl acetate concentration of the fermented malt solution obtained by the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the propyl acetate concentration of the produced malt fermented liquid is preferably 0.1 ppm (mg / L) or more, preferably 0.4 ppm (mg / L). L) or more is more preferable, and 0.7 ppm or more (mg / L) is further preferable.
- the propyl acetate concentration of the produced malt fermented liquid is preferably 20.0 ppm (mg / L) or less, preferably 15.0 ppm (mg / L). L) or less is more preferable, and 10.0 ppm or less (mg / L) is further preferable.
- the ethyl acetate concentration of the fermented malt solution obtained by the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the ethyl acetate concentration of the produced malt fermented liquid is preferably 50 ppm (mg / L) or more, and 100 ppm (mg / L) or more. More preferably, 150 ppm (mg / L) or more is further preferable.
- the ethyl acetate concentration of the produced malt fermented liquid is preferably 500.0 ppm (mg / L) or less, preferably 450.0 ppm (mg / L). L) or less is more preferable, and 400.0 ppm (mg / L) or less is further preferable.
- the malt fermented liquid obtained by the present invention also contains a large amount of isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol.
- the isoamyl acetate concentration and the isoamyl alcohol concentration of the malt fermented liquid obtained by the present invention are not particularly limited.
- the total concentration of isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol in the produced malt fermented liquid is preferably 15 ppm (mg / L) or more, preferably 30 ppm (mg). / L) or more is more preferable.
- the malt fermented liquid obtained by the present invention also contains a large amount of ⁇ -phenethyl acetate and ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol.
- concentration of ⁇ -phenethyl acetate and the concentration of ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol in the fermented malt solution obtained by the present invention are not particularly limited.
- the total concentration of ⁇ -phenethyl acetate and ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol in the produced malt fermented liquid is preferably 10 ppm (mg / L) or more, preferably 15 ppm. (Mg / L) or more is more preferable.
- the amount of esters such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ⁇ -phenethyl acetate and propyl acetate and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms such as isoamyl alcohol and ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol in the fermented malt liquid and fermented malt beverage can be determined by, for example, GC analysis. It can be obtained from the peak area of the obtained chromatograph.
- the quantification method from the peak area is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an area percentage method, an internal standard method, a standard addition method, and an absolute calibration curve method. Specifically, it can be obtained by the method described in the following examples.
- the malt fermented liquid obtained in the present invention can be used as it is as a raw material for food and drink.
- the food and drink produced from the malt fermented liquid as a raw material is not particularly limited. Beverages are preferable, malt fermented beverages are more preferable, and malt fermented beer-like effervescent beverages are further preferable as foods and drinks produced from the malt fermented liquid obtained in the present invention.
- the solid-liquid separation treatment may be any method as long as it can remove yeast and the like, and examples thereof include centrifugal separation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, and filter filtration treatment with a filter having an average pore size of about 0.4 to 0.5 ⁇ m. , These processes may be combined. Further, hops, hop extracts, flavors and the like may be added to the obtained fermented malt liquid to adjust the flavor of the fermented malt beverage. The flavor may be adjusted before the solid-liquid separation treatment or after the solid-liquid separation treatment.
- the malt fermented liquor after the solid-liquid separation treatment may be stored and aged under low temperature conditions of about 0 ° C.
- pH adjustment treatment, heat treatment and the like may be further carried out according to a conventional method.
- a fermented malt beverage having an extract concentration and an ethanol concentration within a desired range can also be produced.
- the solution used for dilution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water and carbonated water.
- the dilution ratio is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be diluted 2 to 10 times, more preferably 2 to 5 times, and even more preferably 2 to 3 times.
- the step of diluting the malt fermented liquor may be carried out after the completion of the fermentation step, after removing yeast or the like, or for the malt fermented liquor after aging.
- the concentration of ethanol, various esters, and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms in the malt fermented beverage obtained from the malt fermented liquid obtained in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a malt fermented beverage having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma can be produced.
- the malt fermented beverage include malt fermented beer-like effervescent beverages having a propyl acetate concentration of 0.1 ppm (mg / L) or more and an ethanol concentration of 0.5% (vol / vol) or less. ..
- the malt fermented beer-like effervescent beverage preferably has a propyl acetate concentration of 0.2 ppm (mg / L) or more, more preferably 0.3 ppm (mg / L) or more.
- the malt fermented beer-like effervescent beverage preferably has a propyl acetate concentration of 20.0 ppm (mg / L) or less, more preferably 15.0 ppm (mg / L) or less, and 10.0 ppm or less (mg / L). Is even more preferable.
- the ethanol concentration is preferably 0.25% (vol / vol) or less, more preferably 0.1% (vol / vol) or less, and 0.05% (vol / vol) or less. ) The following is more preferable.
- GC analysis 2 ⁇ L of the recovered solvent layer was injected into a column (DB-FFAP, 30 m ⁇ 0.25 mm ID; 0.25 ⁇ m FT, manufactured by Agilent) by a split injection method, and the solvent layer was held at 40 ° C. for 2 minutes. The temperature was raised to 230 ° C. at 7 ° C./min and held for 10 minutes.
- the concentration of each component in the analysis sample is the peak area of each component, with ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol using hexyl alcohol as the internal standard, and ⁇ -phenethyl acetate using hexyl acetate as the internal standard.
- a calibration curve was created for each component from the ratio of the peak area of the internal standard and calculated.
- propyl acetate in the malt fermented liquid or the beverage was measured by the SPME-GC / MS (Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry) method. Specifically, the adsorbed components were subjected to GC / MS analysis. First, 5 g of a sample was collected in a 20 mL vial, and after mixing, the lid was loosened and degassed. After stirring the vial while heating it at 60 ° C.
- the gas phase component of the headspace is adsorbed on SPME (DVB / CAR / PDMS (manufactured by SUPELCO), film thickness 50/30 ⁇ m, length 1 cm).
- SPME DVD / CAR / PDMS
- GC / MS analysis splitless method, column DB-WAX manufactured by Agilent, 60 m ⁇ 0.250 mm ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ m).
- GC / MS analysis was performed by holding at 38 ° C. for 10 minutes, then raising the temperature to 230 ° C. at 3 ° C./min, and then holding for 23 minutes.
- the propyl acetate concentration in the sample was calculated by the standard addition method.
- propyl acetate in the malt fermented liquid or the beverage was measured by the head space gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC / MS: Head Space-Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry) method. Specifically, 1 ml of the sample and 3 g of sodium chloride were added to 9 ml of ultrapure water, and propyl acetate in the sample was measured by the HS-GC / MS method. The concentration of propyl acetate in the sample was quantified using the absolute calibration curve method. Specifically, first, a calibration curve was prepared from the component amount ( ⁇ g) and the peak area value using a standard substance.
- the content of propyl acetate ( ⁇ g) is determined from the peak area value of propyl acetate measured by the HS-GC / MS method, and the value is divided by the amount of sample (mL). , The concentration of propyl acetate ( ⁇ g / mL) in the sample was quantified.
- the propyl acetate in the sample was measured by the SPME-GC / MS method, the concentration of propyl acetate in the sample quantified by the standard addition method, and the propyl acetate in the sample were measured by the HS-GC / MS method. It was confirmed that the concentrations of propyl acetate in the sample quantified by the absolute calibration curve method were almost the same.
- the ethanol concentration in the malt fermented liquid or the beverage was measured by the following method.
- a solution obtained by diluting the sample with distilled water so that the ethanol concentration became 0.5 to 2.0% (vol / vol) was measured by a multifunctional biosensor (BF-5, manufactured by Oji Instruments Measurement Co., Ltd.). ..
- the value obtained by multiplying the obtained measured value by the dilution ratio was taken as the ethanol concentration (% (vol / vol)) in the sample.
- the multifunctional biosensor is a device that electrochemically detects hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) generated by oxidation by alcohol oxidase, and can measure the total concentration of methanol and ethanol. Since yeast does not biosynthesize methanol, the malt fermented liquor contains only a trace amount of methanol, which can be said to be within the margin of error. Therefore, the measured value by the multifunctional biosensor is the measured value of the ethanol amount of the malt fermented liquid sample.
- H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
- a solution obtained by diluting the sample to an alcohol concentration of 0.01-0.04% (vol / vol) using the multifunction biosensor was measured by a high-sensitivity measurement method using a buffer solution containing no sodium azide (SL04-0015, manufactured by Oji Kikai Keisoku Co., Ltd.).
- the oligosaccharide in the fermentation raw material solution, the malt fermented solution, or the beverage is subjected to HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) (Prominense® (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation); RI detector. : RID-20A (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation); Column for hydrocarbon analysis: Aminex HPX-42A carbohydrate Liquid (manufactured by BIO-RAD)).
- HPLC analysis was performed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min using degassed ultrapure water as the mobile phase at a column temperature of 80 ° C.
- Example 1 A diluted solution of wort or malt extract was aerated and fermented using 6 kinds of Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast, and the composition of the obtained fermented solution was examined.
- NBRC260 strain isolated from the atmosphere
- NBRC272 strain isolated from miso
- NBRC277 strain NBRC482 strain
- NBRC483 strain isolated from the mash solution of kaoliangchiu
- NBRC483 strain isolated from Korea
- NBRC690 strain both are owned by Biotechnology Center, Product Evaluation Technology Infrastructure Organization
- wort (a) was produced using a 200 L scale charging facility. 40 kg of crushed malt and starchy auxiliary raw materials as fermentation raw materials and 160 L of raw material water were put into the charging tank, and the mixture in the charging tank was heated and saccharified according to a conventional method. Then, hops were added to the filtrate obtained by filtering the obtained saccharified solution, and then the mixture was boiled. The filtrate after boiling was transferred to a settling tank to separate and remove the precipitate, and then cooled to obtain wort (a).
- the analytical values of the obtained wort (a) were as follows. The wort (a) diluted with water so as to have a Brix of 11 ° was used as a fermentation raw material liquid (a).
- the Erlenmeyer flask subjected to rotation speed 160 rpm, 20 24 ⁇ 28 hours under aeration stirring at °C incubator, after which the number of yeast has become 1.3 ⁇ 3.0 ⁇ 10 8 per fermentation solution 1 mL, the fermentation Finished and a fermented liquor was obtained.
- the fermentation raw material liquids (b) to (d) one strain of Kluy veromyces marxianus seed yeast was used to obtain a fermentation liquid in the same manner as when the fermentation raw material liquid (a) was used.
- the ethanol concentration of the obtained fermented liquid was 0.68% (vol / vol), whereas in the 100 mL stirring fermentation, the ethanol concentration of the obtained fermented liquid was 0.15. It was less than% (vol / vol).
- the fermented liquor obtained by 100 mL stirring fermentation has a higher ethyl acetate concentration, a total concentration of isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol, and a total of ⁇ phenethyl acetate and ⁇ phenethyl alcohol than the fermented liquor obtained by 300 mL static fermentation. Both concentrations were clearly high.
- the fermented liquor obtained by 300 mL static fermentation was 7.3 ppm
- the fermented liquor obtained by 100 mL stirring fermentation was 100 ppm or more.
- propyl acetate which was not detected at all in the fermented liquor obtained by 300 mL static fermentation, was detected at 0.72 to 2.64 ppm in the fermented liquor obtained by 100 mL stirring fermentation.
- the amount of ethanol produced by stirring fermentation is smaller than that of static fermentation, and the amount of aroma components such as ethyl acetate is produced.
- propyl acetate which is an aroma component of pear, was produced. From these results, a malt fermented liquid having a low ethanol concentration and a strong fruity aroma was obtained by performing aeration fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus seed yeast, and by using the malt fermented liquid, the ethanol concentration was obtained. It was shown that a fermented malt beverage with a low and strong fruity aroma can be obtained.
- Example 2 Fermentation was carried out by various methods using Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast and Pichia kluyberg yeast, and the composition of the obtained fermented liquid was investigated.
- the Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast the NBRC483 strain used in Example 1 was used.
- ⁇ Jarfermenter fermentation test> In a 2 L volume jar fermenter (manufactured by Maruhishi Bio-Engine), 600 mL of the fermentation raw material liquid (a) used in Example 1 was put, and the final concentration of the defoaming agent (KM-72GS, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was 0. It was added so as to be 165 g / L. Then, in the jar fermenter was fermented by adding to the number of yeast is 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 per fermentation material liquid 1 mL.
- Fermentation is started at 20 ° C., 240 rpm, 0.5 vvm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is monitored so that the dissolved oxygen concentration, which decreases with yeast growth, is maintained at 1 ppm (mg / L) or higher. Raised to maintain oxygen supply.
- the number of yeast is completed fermentation at about 1.8 ⁇ 10 8 per fermentation solution 1 mL, to obtain a fermentation broth.
- the number of yeast is completed fermentation at about 2.0 ⁇ 10 8 per fermentation solution 1 mL, to obtain a fermentation broth.
- ⁇ Fermentation tank fermentation test 60 L of the fermentation raw material liquid (a) used in Example 1 was placed in a 100 L fermentation tank, and the defoaming agent KM-72GS was added so as to have a final concentration of 0.165 g / L. Then, to the fermentation tank, the number of yeast is fermented by adding to a 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 per fermentation material liquid 1 mL. During fermentation, the liquid was pumped from the sampling valve port of the fermentation tank to the aeration line, passed through the dissolved oxygen meter from the static mixer, and returned to the bottom of the tank for circulation.
- Example 3 Stirring fermentation test using Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast and other bacterial species Fermentation raw material solution (a) was prepared at the same number of initial bacteria, container, incubator rotation speed, and temperature as in ⁇ 100 mL stirring fermentation> of Example 1. The test strain was increased and the test was carried out by aeration stirring.
- yeast NBRC483, which is the Kluyberomyces marxianus yeast used in Example 1, and NBRC10005, which is the type strain of the Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast, were used.
- control strains 2 strains of Pikia brewer's yeast commonly used in the production of non-alcoholic beer, 1 strain of Torulaspora derbrückii, and 1 strain of Saccharomycodes ludwigii.
- a strain, one Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed yeast, and one Saccharomyces pastorianus seed yeast were used in the test.
- the ethanol concentration was less than 0.5% in all the test groups.
- the type strain NBRC1005 of Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast although it tended to be less than other strains of Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast, the result was that ethyl acetate 50 ppm or more and propyl acetate 0.1 ppm or more were satisfied. rice field.
- the ethyl acetate concentration was about 3 ppm at the maximum, and no sample in which propyl acetate was detected was detected.
- Example 4 Fermentation test with Kluy veromyces marxianus yeast in each Brix of fermentation feedstock
- the NBRC483 strain was pre-cultured at an incubator rotation speed of 160 rpm and 25 ° C., respectively.
- Malt extract Maltax 10 (Senson) was diluted with water to a Brix 4 °, 7 °, 9 °, 12 °, 16 °, 18 °, 20 ° to prepare a fermentation raw material solution, and 500 mL of these was prepared. 100 mL each was placed in a baffled Erlenmeyer flask.
- Yeast strains were pre-cultured in this was added to the number of bacteria becomes 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells per wort 1 mL.
- the Erlenmeyer flask subjected to 26-30 hours under aeration-agitation at a rotation speed of 160 rpm, 20 ° C. incubator, the number of yeast is completed fermentation at about 1.8 ⁇ 10 8 per 1 ml, to obtain a fermentation broth.
- Brix18 ° takes 20 ° of the fermentation material liquid in the case of using the time for growth of the yeast, 30 hours the number of bacteria be cultured was not only reach 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 or so.
- Table 6 shows the test results for each Brix of the fermentation raw material liquid. In each test group, ethyl acetate of 50 ppm or more and propyl acetate of 0.1 ppm or more were satisfied.
- Example 5 Sensory evaluation The fermentation broth obtained in ⁇ 100 ml stirring fermentation> of Example 1 and the fermentation broth obtained in Example 3 were diluted with carbonated water so as to have a Brix 5 ° with the fermentation raw material liquid (2.2 times). Diluted), hop flavor was added to prepare each beverage. Each of the obtained beverages was subjected to sensory evaluation by a scoring method by five skilled panelists. The "wort odor intensity" was evaluated with 1 point for water and 7 points for the diluted solution of the fermentation raw material solution (a). However, since the types of fermentation raw material liquids are different in the fermentation liquid beverages using the fermentation raw material liquids (b), (c), and (d), the "wort odor intensity" was not evaluated.
- the ethanol-producing ability is low, and esters such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ⁇ -phenethyl acetate, and propyl acetate, and alcohols having 3 or more carbon atoms such as isoamyl alcohol and ⁇ -phenethyl alcohol. It is fermented by aeration using yeast of the Kluy veromyces marxianus species, which has a high production capacity. Therefore, according to the method for producing a malt fermented liquid according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a malt fermented liquid having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma. Further, by using the malt fermented liquid, it is possible to provide a malt fermented beverage having a low ethanol concentration and a fruity aroma.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2020年6月17日に日本に出願された特願2020-104615号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明は、エタノール濃度が低く、かつフルーティーな香気を有する麦芽発酵液の製造方法、当該製造方法により製造された麦芽発酵液を用いて麦芽発酵飲料を製造する方法、及び当該製造方法により製造された麦芽発酵飲料を提供することを目的とする。
[1] 麦芽の糖化物を含む発酵原料液に、クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種の酵母を接種して、通気発酵させる工程を有する、麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
[2] 前記発酵原料液のBrixが、4°~20°である、前記[1]の麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
[3] 酢酸プロピル濃度が0.1ppm(mg/L)以上の麦芽発酵液を製造する、前記[1]又は[2]の麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
[4] エタノール濃度が0.5%(vol/vol)以下の麦芽発酵液を製造する、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかの麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
[5] 酢酸エチル濃度が50ppm(mg/L)以上の麦芽発酵液を製造する、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかの麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
[6] 前記[1]~[5]のいずれかの麦芽発酵液の製造方法により得られた麦芽発酵液を原料として、麦芽発酵飲料を製造する、麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。
[7] 前記麦芽発酵液を希釈する工程を有する、前記[6]の麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。
[8] 前記麦芽発酵飲料がビール様発泡性飲料である、前記[6]又は[7]の麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。
[9] 酢酸プロピル濃度が0.1ppm(mg/L)以上であり、エタノール濃度が0.5%(vol/vol)以下である、麦芽発酵飲料。
[10] ビール様発泡性飲料である、前記[9]の麦芽発酵飲料。
以降の実験において、特に記載のない限り、発酵原料液、麦芽発酵液、又は飲料中の酢酸エチル、酢酸イソアミル、イソアミルアルコール、酢酸βフェネチル、βフェネチルアルコールの濃度は、二硫化炭素で抽出後、ヘキシルアルコール及び酢酸ヘキシルを内部標準に用いてGC分析で測定した。
実施例1及び2において、麦芽発酵液又は飲料中の酢酸プロピルは、SPME-GC/MS(Solid Phase Micro Extraction - Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry)法で測定した。具体的には、吸着された成分をGC/MS分析に供した。まず、20mL容のバイアルにサンプルを5g採取し、混和後に、蓋を緩めてガス抜きをした。当該バイアルを60℃で30分間加温しながら撹拌した後、ヘッドスペースの気相成分をSPME(DVB/CAR/PDMS(SUPELCO社製)、膜厚50/30μm、長さ1cm)に吸着させて、GC/MS分析に供した(スプリットレス法、Agilent社製カラムDB-WAX、60m×0.250mm×0.25μm)。GC/MS分析は、38℃で10分間保持した後、3℃/分で230℃まで昇温させ、次いで23分間保持して行った。サンプル中の酢酸プロピル濃度は、標準添加法により算出した。
以降の実験において、特に記載のない限り、麦芽発酵液又は飲料中のエタノール濃度は、下記の方法により測定した。
蒸留水を用いてエタノール濃度が0.5~2.0%(vol/vol)になるようにサンプルを希釈した溶液を、多機能バイオセンサ(BF-5、王子機器計測社製)により測定した。得られた測定値に希釈倍率を乗じた値を、サンプル中のエタノール濃度(%(vol/vol))とした。
以降の実験において、特に記載のない限り、発酵原料液、麦芽発酵液、又は飲料のBrixは、デジタル屈折計(RX-5000α、アタゴ社製)を用いて測定した。
以降の実験において、特に記載のない限り、発酵原料液、麦芽発酵液、又は飲料のpHは、pH計測機(LAQUAtwin-pH-33、Horiba社製)により測定した。
以降の実験において、特に記載のない限り、発酵原料液、麦芽発酵液、又は飲料中のオリゴ糖は、HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography)(Prominence(登録商標)(島津製作所社製);RI検出器:RID-20A(島津製作所社製);炭化水素分析用カラム:Aminex HPX-42A carbohydorate Column(BIO-RAD社製))により分析した。HPLC分析は、カラム温度を80℃とし、移動相として脱気した超純水を使用して、流量0.5mL/分で行った。
6種のクルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母を用いて麦汁又は麦芽エキスの希釈液を通気発酵させ、得られた発酵液の組成を調べた。クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母としては、NBRC260株(大気から分離)、NBRC272株(味噌から分離)、NBRC277株、NBRC482株(中国酒(kaoliangchiu)のマッシュ液から分離)、NBRC483株(韓国の圧搾酵母(Korean yeast cake)から分離)、及びNBRC690株(いずれも、独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構バイオテクノロジーセンターの保有株)を用いた。
200Lスケールの仕込設備を用いて、麦汁(a)の製造を行った。仕込槽に、発酵原料となる粉砕麦芽及びデンプン質副原料を40kgと原料水160Lとを投入して、仕込槽内の混合物を、常法に従って加温して糖化させた。次いで、得られた糖化液を濾過して得られた濾液に、ホップを添加した後、煮沸した。煮沸後の濾液を沈降槽に移して沈殿物を分離除去した後、冷却して麦汁(a)を得た。得られた麦汁(a)の分析値は次の通りであった。この麦汁(a)を、Brix11°となるよう水で希釈したものを、発酵原料液(a)とした。
表2に記載の3種類の麦芽エキスを、Brix11°となるように水で希釈して混合した後、オートクレーブ滅菌したものを、それぞれ、発酵原料液(b)~(d)とした。
発酵原料液(a)で、クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母6株を、インキュベーターの回転数160rpm、25℃にて、それぞれ前培養した。次いで、500mL容のバッフル付き三角フラスコに、100mLの表3に記載の発酵原料液を入れ、これに、前培養した酵母菌株を、菌数が麦汁1mLあたり2.0×105個となるよう添加した。この三角フラスコを、インキュベーターの回転数160rpm、20℃にて24~28時間通気撹拌を行い、酵母菌数が発酵液1mLあたり1.3~3.0×108個となった後、発酵を終了し、発酵液を得た。発酵原料液(b)~(d)では、クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母1株を用いて、発酵原料液(a)を使用したときと同様に発酵液を得た。
500mL容滅菌ディスポーザル容器(コーニング社製)に、300mLのBrix11°の発酵原料液(a)を入れ、酵母菌数が麦汁1mLあたり2.0×107個となるように添加し、20℃にて3日間、静置発酵させ、発酵液を得た。
発酵終了後に得られた発酵液は、遠心分離処理して上清を回収した後、0.2μmのフィルター処理をして酵母菌を取り除いた。酵母菌除去後の各発酵液について、エタノール濃度、各香気成分濃度を上述の方法により定量した。その結果を表3に示す。
酵母菌除去後の発酵液を、炭酸水で3倍希釈した後、ホップ香料を添加することにより、麦芽発酵飲料を調製した。得られた麦芽発酵飲料について、パネリスト5名で官能評価を行った。
クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母とピキア・クルイベリ種酵母とを用いて、各種の方法で発酵させ、得られた発酵液の組成を調べた。クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母としては、実施例1でも用いたNBRC483株を用いた。
2L容ジャーファーメンター(丸菱バイオエンジ社製)に、実施例1でも用いた発酵原料液(a)600mLを入れ、消泡剤(KM-72GS、信越化学工業社製)を終濃度0.165g/Lとなるように添加した。次いで、当該ジャーファーメンターで、酵母菌数が発酵原料液1mLあたり2.0×105個となるよう添加して発酵させた。発酵は、20℃、240rpm、0.5vvmで開始し、溶存酸素濃度をモニタリングして、酵母増殖に伴って減少する溶存酸素濃度が1ppm(mg/L)以上で保持されるよう、撹拌数を上げて酸素供給量を維持した。NBRC483株の場合は、酵母菌数が発酵液1mLあたり約1.8×108個で発酵を終了し、発酵液を得た。ピキア・クルイベリ種酵母の場合は、酵母菌数が発酵液1mLあたり約2.0×108個で発酵を終了し、発酵液を得た。
100L容の発酵タンクに、実施例1でも用いた発酵原料液(a)60Lを入れ、消泡剤KM-72GSを終濃度0.165g/Lとなるように添加した。次いで、当該発酵タンクに、酵母菌数が発酵原料液1mLあたり2.0×105個となるよう添加して発酵させた。発酵中は、当該発酵タンクのサンプリングバルブ口からポンプでエアレーションラインへ通液し、スタティックミキサーから溶存酸素計を通過し、タンク底へ戻して循環させた。酵母増殖時に酸素不足とならないように、溶存酸素量をモニタリングしながら、溶存酸素濃度が1ppm(mg/L)以上となるように間欠で通気を行った。NBRC483株の場合は、酵母菌数が発酵液1mLあたり約1.8×108個で発酵を終了し、発酵液を得た。ピキア・クルイベリ種酵母の場合は、酵母菌数が発酵液1mLあたり3.0×107個で発酵を終了し、発酵液を得た。
滅菌容器(10L容ステリテナー、積水成型工業社製)に、実施例1でも用いた発酵原料液(a)7Lを入れた。次いで、当該容器に、酵母菌数が発酵原料液1mLあたり1.0×107個程度となるよう添加し、20℃、6日間、静置発酵を行ない、発酵液を得た。発酵終了時の菌数は、発酵液1mLあたり、NBRC483株では1.4×108個、ピキア・クルイベリ種酵母では6×107個であった。
実施例1と同様にして、発酵終了後に得られた麦芽発酵液のエタノール濃度、各香気成分濃度を上述の方法により定量した。その結果を表4に示す。
クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母およびその他の菌種を用いた攪拌発酵試験
実施例1の<100mL撹拌発酵>と同じ初発菌数、容器、インキュベーター回転数、温度にて、発酵原料液(a)を使用し、試験株を増やして通気攪拌で試験を行った。酵母は、実施例1で使用したクルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母であるNBRC483及びクルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母のタイプストレインであるNBRC10005を使用した。また、対照菌株として、ノンアルコールビール製造に一般的に使用されるピキア・クルイベリ種酵母2株、トルラスポラ・デルブリュッキ(Torulaspora delbrueckii)種酵母1株、サッカロマイコーデス・ルドウィギイ(Saccharomycodes ludwigii)種酵母1株、サッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)種酵母1株、及びサッカロミセス・パストリアヌス(Saccharomyces pastorianus)種酵母1株を試験に用いた。表5中、各菌種のタイプストレインは、菌種の横にTSと記載した。発酵時間は20~28時間とし、各酵母の菌数濃度が濁度でOD660=4.0~7.0となるまで発酵させた後、発酵を終了し、各発酵液を得た。サッカロマイコーデス・ルドウィギイは、菌体が凝集し、濁度(OD660)の測定が難しかったため、すべての菌株の中で一番長い培養時間に合わせて培養を終了した。各発酵液のエタノール濃度及び各香気成分濃度を表5に示す。
発酵原料液の各Brixでのクルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母による発酵試験
NBRC483株をインキュベーターの回転数160rpm、25℃にてそれぞれ前培養した。麦芽エキスMaltax 10(Senson社)を、Brix4°、7°、9°、12°、16°、18°、20°となるように水で希釈して発酵原料液を作成し、これらを500mL容バッフル付き三角フラスコに100mLずつ入れた。これに前培養した酵母菌株を、菌数が麦汁1mLあたり2.0×105個となるように添加した。この三角フラスコを、インキュベーターの回転数160rpm、20℃にて26~30時間通気攪拌を行い、酵母菌数が1mlあたり約1.8×108個で発酵を終了し、発酵液を得た。Brix18°、20°の発酵原料液を用いた場合は酵母の増殖に時間がかかり、30時間培養しても菌数が1.0×108個程度にしか達しなかった。発酵原料液のBrix毎の試験結果を表6に示す。いずれの試験区でも酢酸エチル50ppm以上、酢酸プロピル0.1ppm以上を満たしていた。
官能評価
実施例1の<100ml攪拌発酵>で得られた発酵液、及び実施例3で得られた発酵液を、発酵原料液でBrix5°となるように炭酸水で希釈し(2.2倍希釈)、ホップ香料を添加し、各飲料を調製した。得られた各飲料について、熟練したパネリスト5名により評点法による官能評価を行った。「麦汁臭の強さ」については、水を1点、発酵原料液(a)の希釈液を7点として評価した。ただし、発酵原料液(b)、(c)、(d)を使用した発酵液の飲料では、発酵原料液の種類が異なるため、「麦汁臭の強さ」を評価しなかった。「洋梨らしい香り」、「フルーティーな香り」、及び「おいしさ」については、代表的なビール酵母であるサッカロミセス・パストリアヌス(NBRC11024)による麦汁通気発酵液を4点として、各飲料を評価した。官能評価は、各飲料の名称等の詳細を伏せ、評価の順序がパネリストにより異なるようにランダムに行なった。「麦汁臭の強さ」、「洋梨らしい香り」、「フルーティーな香り」については香りを、「おいしさ」については味を評価した。各評価結果を表7~8および図1~3に示す。すべての飲料で麦汁臭の強さは同程度に低かったことから、各発酵液は官能的にも同程度に発酵が進んだとみなすことができる。また、クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母の通気発酵液を使用した飲料では、対照にくらべて有意に「洋梨らしい香り」および「フルーティーな香り」が強いという結果が得られた。検定には、Studentのt検定を用いた(*:p<0.05,**:p<0.01)。この特徴は異なる種類の麦汁を用いた場合でも同様に確認された。一方で他の菌種の株を用いた飲料、あるいはクルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母の静置発酵液を使用した飲料では、これらの項目が対照より優位に高い値となることはなかった。以上から、クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種酵母の通気発酵液は、官能的に「洋梨らしい香り」「フルーティーな香り」が強い特徴があるといえる。
「洋梨らしい香り」と「おいしさ」の関係を調べるため、両者の相関関係を調べた。有意差検定はスピアマンの順位相関係数を用いた。その結果、おいしさと洋梨らしい香りには有意な正の相関(ρ=0.574,p=0.000)があることが示された(図4)。発酵液の洋梨らしい香りが、発酵液全体としてのおいしさにつながっていることがわかった。
Claims (10)
- 麦芽の糖化物を含む発酵原料液に、クルイベロミセス・マルキシアヌス種の酵母を接種して、通気発酵させる工程を有する、麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
- 前記発酵原料液のBrixが、4°~20°である、請求項1に記載の麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
- 酢酸プロピル濃度が0.1ppm(mg/L)以上の麦芽発酵液を製造する、請求項1又は2に記載の麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
- エタノール濃度が0.5%(vol/vol)以下の麦芽発酵液を製造する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
- 酢酸エチル濃度が50ppm(mg/L)以上の麦芽発酵液を製造する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の麦芽発酵液の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の麦芽発酵液の製造方法により得られた麦芽発酵液を原料として、麦芽発酵飲料を製造する、麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。
- 前記麦芽発酵液を希釈する工程を有する、請求項6に記載の麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。
- 前記麦芽発酵飲料がビール様発泡性飲料である、請求項6又は7に記載の麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。
- 酢酸プロピル濃度が0.1ppm(mg/L)以上であり、エタノール濃度が0.5%(vol/vol)以下である、麦芽発酵飲料。
- ビール様発泡性飲料である、請求項9に記載の麦芽発酵飲料。
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- 2021-06-16 JP JP2022531850A patent/JPWO2021256479A1/ja active Pending
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EP4170007A4 (en) | 2024-07-03 |
AU2021293415A1 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
EP4170007A1 (en) | 2023-04-26 |
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