WO2021253772A1 - 一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强pbt复合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强pbt复合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021253772A1
WO2021253772A1 PCT/CN2020/137751 CN2020137751W WO2021253772A1 WO 2021253772 A1 WO2021253772 A1 WO 2021253772A1 CN 2020137751 W CN2020137751 W CN 2020137751W WO 2021253772 A1 WO2021253772 A1 WO 2021253772A1
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low
parts
smoke
free flame
smoke density
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French (fr)
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陈伟
黄险波
叶南飚
陈锐
付学俊
丁超
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金发科技股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/014Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/22Halogen free composition

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of engineering plastics, and more specifically, to a low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite and a preparation method thereof.
  • Plastic materials are generally accompanied by a large amount of smoke during the combustion process, which can cause environmental pollution and cause great harm to the human body.
  • low-smoke flame-retardant has become a new direction for the development of flame-retardant plastics.
  • the demand for low-smoke flame retardant in rail transit, building materials, and wire and cable industries is becoming more and more intensive and standardized.
  • This type of industry has clearly required that the plastic parts in the application must meet the smoke density level 2 or above required by the EN45545-2 standard. (That is, the smoke density Ds max ⁇ 300 is tested according to ISO5659-2).
  • Polybutylene terephthalate is formed by the polymerization of terephthalic acid and butylene glycol through polycondensation reaction. Its melting point is 225-235°C and is a crystalline material.
  • PBT materials are glass fiber reinforced and flame-retardant modified products, and are widely used in lighting fixtures, cooling fans, connectors, coil frames, electrical enclosures and other electrical and electronic components.
  • ordinary flame-retardant reinforced modified PBT materials will be accompanied by a large amount of smoke during the combustion process.
  • the smoke density Ds max of the 1mm thickness sample tested according to the ISO5659-2 standard is generally at the level of 500-600, which is far below the level of the aforementioned industry. basic requirements. Therefore, for PBT materials to be used in the aforementioned industries, low smoke density modification must be carried out.
  • Chinese patent application CN109575561A discloses a low smoke density halogen-free flame-retardant PC/PBT alloy material and its preparation method, but this system is not a typical PBT material, the proportion of PBT resin in the alloy is also very low, and it is not a glass fiber reinforced system , The mechanical properties of the material are low, which greatly limits the application range of the material.
  • the present invention overcomes the defects of high smoke density and low mechanical properties of the halogen-free flame-retardant PBT material described in the prior art, and provides a low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite. Density, high-performance, halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT compound has excellent smoke suppression properties while maintaining good mechanical properties.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite.
  • a low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT compound including the following components by weight:
  • PBT36.5 ⁇ 58.7 parts organic aluminum hypophosphite 14 ⁇ 16.5 parts, melamine polyphosphate 3.5 ⁇ 7 parts, glass fiber 10 ⁇ 30 parts, epoxy resin 0.3 ⁇ 0.8 parts, melamine cyanurate (MCA) 3 ⁇ 8 Parts, 3 ⁇ 5 parts of molybdate, 2 ⁇ 4 parts of reactive smoke suppressant, 0.2 ⁇ 0.5 parts of antioxidant;
  • the molecular formula of the reactive smoke suppressant is C 39 H 33 O 8 N 3 P 2 .
  • the reactive smoke suppressant used in the present invention is the plastic smoke suppressant SL-18 of Shandong Huaen Rubber New Material Co., Ltd.
  • the molybdate is ammonium octamolybdate.
  • the molecular formula of the reactive smoke suppressant is C 39 H 33 O 8 N 3 P 2 , which has excellent processing heat stability, water resistance, light aging resistance, non-toxicity and other characteristics, and no precipitation.
  • the inventor’s research found that under the combined action of the three smoke suppressants, MCA, molybdate and reactive smoke suppressant, the compound of the present invention has a very significant reduction in the amount of smoke generated during the combustion process, and can successfully pass ISO5659- 2 Standard smoke density Ds max ⁇ 300 test requirements (sample thickness 1mm); and the addition of these three smoke suppressants will not cause significant loss of the mechanical properties of the PBT composite.
  • MCA reduces the concentration of incombustibles through dilution, thereby reducing smoke density
  • molybdate promotes the intermolecular cross-linking reaction to generate carbides during the initial thermal decomposition of the plastic during combustion, reducing combustible components and achieving a smoke suppression effect
  • the smoke suppression mechanism of the type smoke suppressor is to promote the further combustion of smoke and dust, thereby reducing the amount of smoke.
  • the present invention uses a compound of organic aluminum hypophosphite and melamine polyphosphate as a halogen-free flame retardant compound.
  • the compound weight ratio of the organic aluminum hypophosphite to the melamine polyphosphate is 5:1 to 2:1.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of the PBT is 0.8-1.2 dL/g (25°C).
  • the PBT resin in this viscosity range can make the PBT composite of the present invention have better comprehensive performance.
  • the glass fiber is treated with a coupling agent.
  • the use of the glass fiber treated with the coupling agent can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the PBT composite of the present invention.
  • the coupling agent is N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl bis(
  • the blend of methacryloyl)isostearoyl titanate has a weight ratio of 1:2:1.
  • the epoxy resin may be novolac epoxy resin or bisphenol A glycidyl ether.
  • the epoxy resin is bisphenol A type glycidyl ether.
  • the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is 2500-3100 g/eq.
  • epoxy resin can improve the performance stability of the PBT composite of the present invention.
  • the antioxidant is a hindered phenolic antioxidant.
  • the hindered phenolic antioxidant is ⁇ (3,5 di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) stearyl propionate (antioxidant 1076) or 1,3,5-tri( 4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione (antioxidant 1790).
  • Antioxidant 1076 has the advantages of good compatibility, high antioxidant performance, no coloring, no pollution, washing resistance, low volatility, etc.; Antioxidant 1790 has outstanding precipitation resistance, which can make the product have better thermal stability Sex and longer service life.
  • the present invention also protects the preparation method of the above-mentioned low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite, and the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • step S3 Add PBT, glass fiber, the mixture A obtained in step S1 and the mixture B obtained in step S2 into a twin-screw extruder to perform mixing, dispersion, melt extrusion, and pelletization to obtain low smoke density, high performance, halogen-free flame retardant Strengthen the PBT complex.
  • the temperature in the first zone of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port to the die is 200-230°C
  • the temperature in the second zone is 240-260°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 235-255°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 235-255°C.
  • the temperature of zone is 235 ⁇ 255°C
  • the temperature of zone 5 is 235 ⁇ 255°C
  • the temperature of zone 6 is 240 ⁇ 260°C
  • the temperature of zone 7 is 240 ⁇ 260°C
  • the temperature of zone 8 is 220 ⁇ 240°C
  • the temperature of zone 9 is 220 ⁇ 240°C
  • ten-zone temperature is 240-260°C
  • the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is 200-450 revolutions per minute.
  • the present invention combines PBT, organic aluminum hypophosphite, melamine polyphosphate, glass fiber, MCA, molybdate, reactive smoke suppressant and other components to prepare a low smoke density high performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite ,
  • the low smoke density, high performance, halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT compound has excellent smoke suppression performance, and can reach the smoke density level 2 or above required by the EN45545-2 standard (that is, the smoke density Ds max ⁇ 300 according to the ISO5659-2 test) , While maintaining good mechanical properties.
  • Guodu Chemical YD-019, bisphenol A glycidyl ether, epoxy equivalent is 2500 ⁇ 3100g/eq;
  • the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field.
  • Examples 1-16 respectively provide a low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite.
  • Example 1-16 the addition amount of each component of the low-smoke density high-performance halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite is shown in Table 1.
  • the PBT used in Examples 1-13 and 16 is GX234, the PBT used in Example 14 is GX112, and the PBT used in Example 15 is GX111.
  • the blend of the three coupling agents of fatty acyl titanate (the weight ratio of the three blends is 1:2:1) pretreats the glass fiber to obtain the pretreated glass fiber;
  • PBT and the mixture A obtained in step S1, the mixture B obtained in step S2, and the pretreated glass fiber obtained in step S3 were added to the twin-screw extruder through a feeder, and then mixed, dispersed, melted, extruded, and manufactured Pellets to obtain a low-smoke density, high-performance, halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite.
  • step S4 the temperature in the first zone of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port to the die is 200-230°C, the temperature in the second zone is 240-260°C, the temperature in the third zone is 235-255°C, and the temperature in the fourth zone It is 235 ⁇ 255°C, the temperature of zone 5 is 235 ⁇ 255°C, the temperature of zone 6 is 240 ⁇ 260°C, the temperature of zone 7 is 240 ⁇ 260°C, the temperature of zone 8 is 220 ⁇ 240°C, and the temperature of zone 9 is 220 ⁇ 240°C. , The temperature in ten zones is 240-260°C, and the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is 200-450 rpm.
  • PBT and the mixture A obtained in step S1, the mixture B obtained in step S2, and glass fiber are added to the twin-screw extruder through the feeder, and are mixed, dispersed, melted and extruded, and pelletized to obtain low smoke density and high density.
  • Performance halogen-free flame retardant reinforced PBT compound is added to the twin-screw extruder through the feeder, and are mixed, dispersed, melted and extruded, and pelletized to obtain low smoke density and high density.
  • step S3 the temperature in the first zone of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port to the die is 200-230°C, the temperature in the second zone is 240-260°C, the temperature in the third zone is 235-255°C, and the temperature in the fourth zone It is 235 ⁇ 255°C, the temperature of zone 5 is 235 ⁇ 255°C, the temperature of zone 6 is 240 ⁇ 260°C, the temperature of zone 7 is 240 ⁇ 260°C, the temperature of zone 8 is 220 ⁇ 240°C, and the temperature of zone 9 is 220 ⁇ 240°C. , The temperature in ten zones is 240-260°C, and the screw speed of the twin-screw extruder is 200-450 rpm.
  • Comparative Examples 1-7 respectively provide a halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 6 the addition amount of the halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT composite is shown in Table 2, and the preparation method is the same as in Examples 1-15.
  • Comparative Example 7 is a commercially available low-smoke density halogen-free flame-retardant PBT, and its glass fiber content is 30% after testing.
  • Comparative Example 3 The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that no reactive smoke suppressant is added;
  • Comparative Example 4 The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that no MCA and molybdate are added, that is, only the reactive smoke suppressant is added to the smoke suppressant;
  • Comparative Example 5 The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that no MCA, molybdate and reactive smoke suppressor are added, that is, none of the three smoke suppressants are added;
  • Comparative Example 6 The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that the addition amount of the reactive smoke suppressant is 5 parts by weight.
  • the performance test of the low-smoke-density, high-performance, halogen-free flame-retardant reinforced PBT compound or the commercially available low-smoke density, halogen-free flame-retardant PBT prepared in the foregoing examples and comparative examples is performed.
  • the test methods are as follows:
  • Test items Test Methods unit Tensile Strength ISO527 MPa Notched impact strength ISO180 kJ/m 2
  • the smoke densities of Examples 1-16 are all Ds max ⁇ 200, which can reach the smoke density required by the EN45545-2 standard Level 2 or above (that is, the smoke density Ds max ⁇ 300 tested in accordance with ISO5659-2).
  • Example 5 The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the molybdate used in Example 5 is zinc molybdate, and the molybdate used in Example 1 is ammonium octamolybdate.
  • the smoke density of Example 1 Ds max 179, which indicates the inhibition of using ammonium octamolybdate in molybdate.
  • the smoking effect is better, so ammonium octamolybdate is preferred among molybdates.
  • Example 9 The difference between Example 9 and Example 1 is that the epoxy resin used in Example 9 is bisphenol A glycidyl ether with an epoxy equivalent of 450 to 500 g/eq, and the brand name is Baling Petrochemical CYD-011, which is used in Example 1.
  • the epoxy resin is bisphenol A glycidyl ether with epoxy equivalent of 2500-3100g/eq, and the brand is Guodu Chemical YD-019.
  • Example 15 and Example 1 and Example 14 The difference between Example 15 and Example 1 and Example 14 is that the PBT used in Example 15 is GX234, and its intrinsic viscosity is 0.7dL/g at 25°C, and the PBT used in Example 1 is GX234, and its intrinsic viscosity is 25°C. At 1.2 dL/g, the PBT used in Example 13 is GX112, and the intrinsic viscosity is 0.8 dL/g at 25°C. Comparing the test results of tensile strength, notched impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of Example 1, Example 14 and Example 15, all the above indicators of the PBT composite of Example 15 have decreased. Therefore, the intrinsic viscosity of PBT is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 dL/g at 25°C. The test results of Comparative Examples 1-7 are shown in Table 4.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物及其制备方法。所述低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物包括如下重量份的组分:PBT36.5~58.7份,有机次磷酸铝14~16.5份,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐3.5~7份,玻璃纤维10~30份,环氧树脂0.3~0.8份,氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐3~8份,钼酸盐3~5份,反应型抑烟剂2~4份,抗氧剂0.2~0.5份。本发明将PBT、有机次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、玻璃纤维、氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐、钼酸盐、反应型抑烟剂及其他组分互相配合制备得到低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,该低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物抑烟性能优异,同时维持了良好的力学性能。

Description

一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及工程塑料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料材料在燃烧过程中一般会伴随大量烟雾产生,会造成环境的污染并对人体造成巨大伤害。近年来,随着塑料阻燃技术的发展,低烟阻燃已成为阻燃塑料发展的新方向。轨道交通、建材、线缆等行业在低烟阻燃方面的需求越发明朗且规范化,该类行业已明确要求,应用中的塑料部件必须达到EN45545-2标准所要求的烟密度2级或以上水平(即按照ISO5659-2测试烟密度Ds max≤300)。
聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,简称PBT,是由对苯二甲酸和丁二醇通过缩聚反应聚合而成的,其熔点为225~235℃,属结晶性材料。目前市面上最为广泛使用的PBT材料为经玻璃纤维增强并且阻燃改性的产品,并大量应用于照明灯具、冷却风扇、连接器、线圈骨架、电器外壳及其它电子电气部件中。但普通阻燃增强改性的PBT材料在燃烧过程中会伴随大量烟雾产生,其1mm厚度样板按照ISO5659-2标准测试烟密度Ds max一般在500~600的水平,远远达不到前述行业的基本要求。因而要使PBT材料在前述行业得到应用,必须进行低烟密度改性。
目前对于低烟密度PBT方面的专利和研究相对较少,且受制于价格及性能等因素,目前市面上含卤阻燃增强PBT材料仍然是主流。但随着近年来欧盟和世界各国对环保的日益重视以及各类环保法规的陆续推出,塑胶材料无卤化的趋势已不可逆转。中国专利申请CN109575561A公开了一种低烟密度无卤阻燃PC/PBT合金材料及其制备方法,但该体系非典型PBT材料,合金中PBT树脂占比也很低,并且也不是玻璃纤维增强体系,材料的力学性能水平均较低,极大地限制了材料的应用范围。
所以,还需开发出具有低烟密度且高性能的无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有技术所述的无卤阻燃PBT材料烟密度较高且力学性 能较低的缺陷,提供一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,所述低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物抑烟性能优异,同时维持了良好的力学性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,包括如下重量份的组分:
PBT36.5~58.7份,有机次磷酸铝14~16.5份,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐3.5~7份,玻璃纤维10~30份,环氧树脂0.3~0.8份,氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐(MCA)3~8份,钼酸盐3~5份,反应型抑烟剂2~4份,抗氧剂0.2~0.5份;
所述反应型抑烟剂分子式为C 39H 33O 8N 3P 2
本发明中使用的反应型抑烟剂的牌号为山东华恩橡塑新材料有限公司的塑料抑烟剂SL-18。
优选地,所述钼酸盐为八钼酸铵。
反应型抑烟剂的分子式为C 39H 33O 8N 3P 2,其具有非常优异的加工热稳定以及耐水、耐光老化、无毒等特性,并且无析出性。
发明人研究发现,在MCA、钼酸盐和反应型抑烟剂三种抑烟剂的共同作用下,本发明的复合物在燃烧过程中发烟量得到非常显著的降低,能顺利通过ISO5659-2标准烟密度Ds max≤300的测试要求(样品厚度1mm);且添加此三种抑烟剂不会使PBT复合物的力学性能有明显损失。MCA通过稀释降低不燃物的浓度,从而降低烟密度;钼酸盐通过在塑料燃烧时热分解初期促进分子间的交联反应生成碳化物,使可燃性组分减少而起到抑烟效果;反应型抑烟剂的抑烟机理是促进烟尘的进一步燃烧,从而降低发烟量。
本发明使用有机次磷酸铝和三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐的复配物作无卤阻燃剂复合物。优选地,所述有机次磷酸铝与三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐的复配重量比为5∶1~2∶1。
优选地,所述PBT的特性粘度为0.8~1.2dL/g(25℃)。该粘度范围的PBT树脂能使得本发明的PBT复合物具有更好的综合性能。
优选地,所述玻璃纤维经过偶联剂处理。
经偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维的使用能显著提升本发明PBT复合物的机械性能。
更优选地,所述偶联剂为N-(β-氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基 丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和异丙基二(甲基丙烯酰基)异硬脂酰基钛酸酯的共混物,三者共混重量比为1∶2∶1。
所述环氧树脂可以是酚醛环氧树脂、双酚A型缩水甘油醚。优选地,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型缩水甘油醚。
优选地,所述环氧树脂的环氧当量为2500~3100g/eq。
环氧树脂的加入能改善本发明PBT复合物的性能稳定性。
优选地,所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂。
更优选地,所述受阻酚类抗氧剂为β(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯(抗氧剂1076)或1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮(抗氧剂1790)。
抗氧剂1076具有相容性好、抗氧性能高,不着色、不污染、耐洗涤、挥发性小等优点;抗氧剂1790具有杰出的耐析出性能,能使产品具有更好的热稳定性和更长的使用寿命。
本发明还保护上述低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将钼酸盐、反应型抑烟剂、环氧树脂、抗氧剂进行混合,得到混合物A;
S2.将有机次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、MCA进行混合,得到混合物B;
S3.将PBT、玻璃纤维、步骤S1得到的混合物A和步骤S2得到的混合物B加入双螺杆挤出机,进行混合、分散、熔融挤出、造粒,得到低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
优选地,制备方法步骤S3中,双螺杆挤出机从喂料口到机头的一区温度为200~230℃,二区温度为240~260℃,三区温度为235~255℃,四区温度为235~255℃,五区温度为235~255℃,六区温度为240~260℃,七区温度为240~260℃,八区温度为220~240℃,九区温度为220~240℃,十区温度为240~260℃,所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为200~450转/分钟。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明将PBT、有机次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、玻璃纤维、MCA、钼酸盐、反应型抑烟剂及其他组分互相配合制备得到低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,该低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物抑烟性能优异,能达到EN45545-2标准所要求的的烟密度2级或以上(即按照ISO5659-2测试烟密度 Ds max≤300),同时能维持良好的力学性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例中的原料均可通过市售得到,具体如下:
PBT江苏仪征化纤GX111,特性粘度25℃下0.7dL/g;
江苏仪征化纤GX112,特性粘度25℃下0.8dL/g;
江苏仪征化纤GX234,特性粘度25℃下1.2dL/g;
玻璃纤维台湾必成股份有限公司HP3786;
N-(β-氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷湖北鑫润德化工KH-792;
γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷青岛恒达众诚科技KH-570;
异丙基二(甲基丙烯酰基)异硬脂酰基钛酸酯南京能德新材料技术KR-7;
有机次磷酸铝科莱恩化工有限公司Exolit OP 1230;
三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐德国巴斯夫Melapur 200 70;
MCA    四川省精细化工研究设计院MCA-01;
八钼酸铵广州埃登达化工FS-10;
钼酸锌河南欣之源化工TP-35N;
反应型抑烟剂山东华恩橡塑新材料SL-18;
环氧树脂
国都化工YD-019,双酚A型缩水甘油醚,环氧当量为2500~3100g/eq;
巴陵石化CYD-011,双酚A型缩水甘油醚,环氧当量为450~500g/eq;
抗氧剂1076    台湾双键化工CHINOX 1076;
抗氧剂1790    美国氰特CYANOX1790。
除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1~16
实施例1~16分别提供一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
实施例1~16中,低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物各组分的添加量如表1所示。
其中实施例1~13、16使用的PBT为GX234,实施例14使用的PBT为GX112,实施例15使用的PBT为GX111。
表1 实施例1~16中各组分加入量(重量份)
Figure PCTCN2020137751-appb-000001
表1 续实施例1~16中各组分加入量(重量份)
Figure PCTCN2020137751-appb-000002
实施例1~15中低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物的制备方法均为:
S1.将钼酸盐、反应型抑烟剂、环氧树脂、抗氧剂放入高速混合机中混合2~4分钟,转速700~900转/分,得到混合物A;
S2.将有机次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、MCA放入高速混合机中混合2~4分钟,转速600~800转/分,得到混合物B;
S3.将N-(β-氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基二(甲基丙烯酰基)异硬脂酰基钛酸酯三种偶联剂的共混物(三者共混重量比例为1∶2∶1)对玻璃纤维进行预处理,得到预处理的玻璃纤维;
S4.将PBT和步骤S1得到的混合物A、步骤S2得到的混合物B、步骤S3得到的预处理的玻璃纤维分别通过喂料器加入双螺杆挤出机,进行混合、分散、熔融挤出、造粒,得到低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
其中,在步骤S4中,双螺杆挤出机从喂料口到机头的一区温度为200~230℃,二区温度为240~260℃,三区温度为235~255℃,四区温度为235~255℃,五区温度为235~255℃,六区温度为240~260℃,七区温度为240~260℃,八区温度为220~240℃,九区温度为220~240℃,十区温度为240~260℃,双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为200~450转/分钟。
实施例16的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物的制备方法为:
S1.将钼酸盐、反应型抑烟剂、环氧树脂、抗氧剂放入高速混合机中混合2~4分钟,转速700~900转/分,得到混合物A;
S2.将有机次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、MCA放入高速混合机中混合2~4分钟,转速600~800转/分,得到混合物B;
S3.将PBT和步骤S1得到的混合物A、步骤S2得到的混合物B、玻璃纤维分别通过喂料器加入双螺杆挤出机,进行混合、分散、熔融挤出、造粒,得到低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
其中,在步骤S3中,双螺杆挤出机从喂料口到机头的一区温度为200~230℃,二区温度为240~260℃,三区温度为235~255℃,四区温度为235~255℃,五区温度为235~255℃,六区温度为240~260℃,七区温度为240~260℃,八区温度为220~240℃,九区温度为220~240℃,十区温度为240~260℃,双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为200~450转/分钟。
对比例1~7
对比例1~7分别提供一种无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
对比例1~6中,无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物的添加量如表2所示,制备方法同实施例1~15。
对比例1~6使用的PBT为GX234。对比例7为市售低烟密度无卤阻燃PBT,经检测其玻璃纤维含量为30%。
表2 对比例1~6中各组分加入量(重量份)
Figure PCTCN2020137751-appb-000003
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,未添加MCA;
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,未添加钼酸盐;
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于,未添加反应型抑烟剂;
对比例4与实施例1的区别在于,未添加MCA和钼酸盐,即抑烟剂中只添加了反应型抑烟剂;
对比例5与实施例1的区别在于,未添加MCA、钼酸盐和反应型抑烟剂,即三种抑烟剂都未添加;
对比例6与实施例1的区别在于,反应型抑烟剂添加量为5重量份。
性能测试
对上述实施例和对比例所制备的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物或市售低烟密度无卤阻燃PBT进行性能测试,测试方法如下:
测试项目 测试方法 单位
拉伸强度 ISO527 MPa
缺口冲击强度 ISO180 kJ/m 2
弯曲强度 ISO178 MPa
弯曲模量 ISO178 MPa
热变形温度@1.8MPa ISO75
阻燃性@1.0mm UL94 -
烟密度Ds max@1.0mm ISO5659-2 -
实施例1~16的测试结果见表3。
表3 实施例1~16性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020137751-appb-000004
表3 续实施例1~16性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020137751-appb-000005
由表3可以看出,根据烟密度的测试结果,在三种抑烟剂的作用下,实施例1~16的烟密度均为Ds max≤200,能达到EN45545-2标准所要求的烟密度2级或以上(即按照ISO5659-2测试烟密度Ds max≤300)。
实施例5与实施例1的区别在于,实施例5使用的钼酸盐为钼酸锌,实施例1使用的钼酸盐为八钼酸铵。通过比较实施例5与实施例1的烟密度测试结果,实施例5的烟密度为Ds max=198,实施例1的烟密度Ds max=179,表示钼酸盐中使用八钼酸铵的抑烟效果更好,所以钼酸盐中优选八钼酸铵。
实施例9与实施例1的区别在于,实施例9使用的环氧树脂为环氧当量450~500g/eq的双酚A型缩水甘油醚,牌号为巴陵石化CYD-011,实施例1使用的环氧树脂为环氧当量2500~3100g/eq的双酚A型缩水甘油醚,牌号为国都化工YD-019。通过比较实施例9与实施例1的测试结果,实施例9的PBT复合物的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量与实施例1相比均有一定程度的下降。这表示使用环氧当量为2500~3100g/eq的双酚A型缩水甘油醚,PBT复合物力学性能更好,因此环氧树脂中优选环氧当量为2500~3100g/eq的双酚A型缩水甘油醚。
实施例15与实施例1、实施例14的区别在于,实施例15使用的PBT为GX234,其特性粘度在25℃下0.7dL/g,实施例1使用的PBT为GX234,其特性粘度25℃下1.2dL/g,实施例13使用的PBT为GX112,特性粘度25℃下0.8dL/g。比较实施例1、实施例14与实施例15的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量测试结果,实施例15的PBT复合物以上各项指标均有所下降。因此,优选PBT的特性粘度为25℃下0.8~1.2dL/g。对比例1~7的测试结果见表4。
表4 对比例1~7性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020137751-appb-000006
从表4的对比例测试结果可以看出,对比例5与实施例1相比,未添加任何抑烟剂的PBT复合物的烟密度非常大,Ds max>500。而对比例1~4实施例1相比,仅添加其中一种或两种抑烟剂时,它们对于PBT复合物的抑烟效果仍达不到本发明所要求的低烟密度水平,即需要三种抑烟剂协同使用,才能达到高效的抑烟效果。同时市售的低烟密度无卤阻燃PBT的烟密度也达不到Ds max≤300。通过比较对比例1~5与实施例1在拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量的测试结果,发现在本发明的技术方案范围内,添加一种或两种抑烟剂,或按 照本发明技术方案同时添加三种抑烟剂,PBT复合物的力学性能都能达到较高水平。添加抑烟剂与未添加抑烟剂的PBT复合物相比,力学性能得到极大保持。比较对比例6与实施例1在拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量的测试结果,对比例6的PBT复合物力学性能有一定程度的下降。这说明当抑烟剂添加量超出本发明的技术方案范围,会使得PBT复合物的力学性能下降,按照本发明的技术方案添加抑烟剂不会使PBT复合物发生性能劣化。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的组分:PBT36.5~58.7份,有机次磷酸铝14~16.5份,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐3.5~7份,玻璃纤维10~30份,环氧树脂0.3~0.8份,氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐3~8份,钼酸盐3~5份,反应型抑烟剂2~4份,抗氧剂0.2~0.5份;
    所述反应型抑烟剂分子式为C 39H 33O 8N 3P 2
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述钼酸盐为八钼酸铵。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述有机次磷酸铝与三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐的重量比为5∶1~2∶1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述PBT的特性粘度为25℃下0.8~1.2dL/g。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维经过偶联剂处理。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述偶联剂为N-(β-氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和异丙基二(甲基丙烯酰基)异硬脂酰基钛酸酯的共混物。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型缩水甘油醚,环氧当量为2500~3100g/eq。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂。
  9. 根据权利要求1或8所述的低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物,其特征在于,所述受阻酚类抗氧剂为β(3,5二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八醇酯或1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮。
  10. 权利要求1~9任一项所述低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    S1.将钼酸盐、反应型抑烟剂、环氧树脂、抗氧剂混合,得到混合物A;
    S2.将有机次磷酸铝、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐混合,得到混合物B;
    S3.将PBT、玻璃纤维、步骤S1得到的混合物A和步骤S2得到的混合物B加入双螺杆挤出机,进行混合、分散、熔融挤出、造粒,得到低烟密度高性能无卤阻燃增强PBT复合物。
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