WO2021215402A1 - フィルム及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
フィルム及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021215402A1 WO2021215402A1 PCT/JP2021/015893 JP2021015893W WO2021215402A1 WO 2021215402 A1 WO2021215402 A1 WO 2021215402A1 JP 2021015893 W JP2021015893 W JP 2021015893W WO 2021215402 A1 WO2021215402 A1 WO 2021215402A1
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Classifications
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- C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages
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- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film and a method for producing the same.
- the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film is lightweight and has excellent weather resistance, mechanical strength, etc., and is therefore used as a film for a membrane structure constituting a membrane structure.
- the membrane structure is a structure in which a roof and an outer wall are formed of a membrane structure film, and is used in various facilities. Particularly in recent years, it has been increasingly adopted in large facilities such as American football and soccer stadiums and shopping centers.
- a cushion method and a tension method as a method of installing the film for the film structure.
- a cushion method a plurality of membrane structure films are fixed to an aggregate to form a multi-layer film, and air is supplied between them.
- the tension method one film for film structure is fixed to the aggregate.
- the cushioning method is characterized by a wide span of aggregate between films and good heat insulation.
- the tension method is inexpensive and does not require air supply equipment. In recent years, with the increase in size of membrane structures, tension methods with low installation costs have been increasing.
- Patent Document 1 describes an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m and a haze of 10.8% or 12.5%.
- the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film of Patent Document 1 is transparent but has a higher haze than glass and is milky white.
- the cushion method since two or more films are used, the multi-layer film as a whole becomes milky white with low transparency.
- the tension method the transparency is higher than that in the cushion method, but when the background or the like is viewed through the film, the color tone and outline become unclear, and the designability through the film is inferior.
- a transparent film having a low haze tends to have scratches when it is scratched during processing or mounting of the film.
- the conventional ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film has a lower visible light reflectance than glass, but has an ultraviolet (hereinafter, also referred to as “UV”) reflectance. Is high. High reflectance can cause inflammation of the cornea of the eye, which can lead to severe pain and redness.
- UV ultraviolet
- the film shape is arcuate, and the reflected light received by sunlight in the sky has different incident angles, so the reflected angles are also different, and the reflected light is easily dispersed and strong. It is unlikely to be reflected light.
- the tension method since the film shape is often flat, the reflected light is difficult to disperse, and there is an angle and a time zone in which the reflected light becomes strong.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a film which is excellent in designability through a film, is inconspicuous even if scratched, and is easy on the eyes, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a film having the following configurations [1] to [11] and a method for producing the film.
- [1] Containing a copolymer having a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on ethylene, Haze is 1.2-8.0%, UV reflectance is less than 17.0%, A film having a thickness of 250 to 400 ⁇ m.
- [2] Based on the dimensions at 23 ° C., the dimensional change rates of each of MD and TD when heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes and then cooled to 23 ° C. are ⁇ 3.5 to ⁇ 1.0%. The film of [1].
- a method for producing a film wherein the average heat medium temperature of each of the two rolls is 40 to 180 ° C.
- the rolls After passing between the two rolls to cool the surface, the rolls are brought into contact with the subsequent rolls arranged in the subsequent stage to be further cooled.
- the surface temperature of the latter roll can be adjusted by a heat medium, and the surface temperature can be adjusted.
- the copolymer is melted to obtain a melt, and the melt is continuously extruded through a die forming a sheet, and brought into contact with a rigid body roll or an elastic roll and a post-stage roll arranged in a subsequent stage. Cool and The surface temperature of the rigid body roll or elastic roll and the subsequent roll can be adjusted by a heat medium.
- the temperature of the melt immediately before contacting the rigid roll or the elastic roll is 200 to 330 ° C.
- a method for producing a film wherein the average of the heat medium temperature of the rigid roll or the elastic roll and the heat medium temperature of the subsequent roll is 40 to 180 ° C. [10]
- the method for producing a film according to any one of [1] to [6] above The copolymer is melted to obtain a melt, which is continuously extruded through a sheet-shaped die and passed between a pair of rigid rolls and elastic rolls for cooling. Alternatively, the rigid roll or elastic roll is brought into contact with the post-stage roll arranged in the rear stage to be cooled, and then cooled. The surface temperature of each of the rigid body roll, elastic roll, and subsequent roll can be adjusted by a heat medium. The temperature of the melt immediately before passing between the rigid body roll and the elastic roll, or immediately before contacting the rigid body roll or the elastic roll is 200 to 330 ° C. The copolymer has a melting point M of 200 ° C.
- the film of the present invention has excellent designability through the film, is inconspicuous even if scratched, and is easy on the eyes. According to the method for producing a film of the present invention, it is possible to produce a film that is excellent in designability through the film, is inconspicuous even if scratched, and is easy on the eyes.
- the meanings of the following terms in the present invention are as follows.
- the "monomer-based unit” is a general term for an atomic group directly formed by polymerizing one monomer molecule and an atomic group obtained by chemically converting a part of the atomic group.
- a unit based on a monomer is also simply referred to as a monomer unit.
- “Monomer” means a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond such as a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
- the “melting point” is the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the melting peak of the resin as measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method.
- MD means a flow direction (Machine Direction), and "TD” means a direction orthogonal to MD (Transverse Direction).
- Haze is a value measured in accordance with JIS K7136: 2000.
- Vehicle light transmittance is a value measured in accordance with DIN EN 410: 1998.
- Ultraviolet reflectance (UV reflectance) is a value measured in accordance with DIN EN 410: 1998.
- the "dimensional change rate” is a value measured in accordance with JIS K7133: 1999.
- Stress at 10% elongation is a value measured in accordance with JIS K7127: 1999.
- Excellent design through film means that the color tone and outline of the background, etc. are clear when the background, etc.
- the “rigid body roll” means a roll made of a cylinder having a Young's modulus of 5 ⁇ 10 4 MPa or more and a wall thickness of 2 mm or more as the material of the outermost layer of the impression cylinder portion of the roll.
- the “elastic roll” is a roll made of a cylinder having a Young's modulus of less than 5 ⁇ 10 4 MPa, or a cylinder having a Young's modulus of 5 ⁇ 10 4 MPa or more and a wall thickness of less than 2 mm. Means a roll that becomes.
- the film of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “the present film”) has a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter, also referred to as “TFE”) and a unit based on ethylene (hereinafter, also referred to as “E”). It contains a copolymer having (hereinafter, also referred to as “ETFE”), has a haze of 1.2 to 8.0%, has an ultraviolet reflectance of less than 17.0%, and has a thickness of 250 to 400 ⁇ m. It is a film. This film may further contain components other than ETFE as long as the performance is not impaired.
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- E ethylene
- ETFE copolymer having
- This film may further contain components other than ETFE as long as the performance is not impaired.
- the molar ratio of TFE unit to E unit (hereinafter, also referred to as “TFE / E ratio”) is preferably 40/60 to 60/40, preferably 45/55 to 56, from the height of the melting point of ETFE. / 44 is particularly preferable.
- ETFE preferably has units based on TFE and other monomers other than E. Having other monomeric units lowers the crystallinity of ETFE and lowers the haze of the film. Also, the UV reflectance is low.
- Other monomers may be copolymerizable with TFE and E, for example, vinyl monomers having a fluoroalkyl group; olefins such as propylene and butene (excluding E); vinylidene fluoride.
- Fluoroolefin having a hydrogen atom in an unsaturated group such as vinyl fluoride and trifluoroethylene Fluoroolefin having no hydrogen atom in an unsaturated group such as chlorotrifluoroethylene (excluding TFE); Perfluoro (propyl) Perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) such as vinyl ether); vinyl ether such as alkyl vinyl ether, (fluoroalkyl) vinyl ether, glycidyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyloxybutyl carbonate; vinyl acetate, chloroacetate vinyl, vinyl butanoate, vinyl pivalate, etc.
- Vinyl esters such as vinyl benzoate and vinyl crotonate; (meth) acrylic acid esters such as (polyfluoroalkyl) acrylate and (polyfluoroalkyl) methacrylate; and the like can be mentioned.
- acrylic acid esters such as (polyfluoroalkyl) acrylate and (polyfluoroalkyl) methacrylate; and the like can be mentioned.
- One of these other monomers may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- At least a part of the other monomers is preferably a fluorine-containing vinyl monomer represented by the following formula 1 from the viewpoint that ETFE is excellent in heat resistance, fuel barrier property, and stress crack resistance.
- the fluorine-containing vinyl monomer represented by the formula 1 and other monomers may be used in combination.
- CH 2 CX-R f formula 1
- X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom
- R f represents a fluoroalkyl group.
- X a hydrogen atom is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent polymerizable property.
- R f a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferable, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- R f may be linear or branched. Specific examples of R f include a pentafluoroethyl group, a nonafluorobutyl group, and a tridecafluorohexyl group.
- the total content of the other monomer units is preferably 1 to 7 mol%, more preferably 1.4 to 6 mol%, and 1.5 to 6 mol% with respect to the total of the TFE units and the E units. More preferably, 2 to 4 mol% is particularly preferable.
- the content of the other monomer unit is at least the above lower limit value, the crystallinity of ETFE becomes low, and a film having low haze and low UV reflectance can be easily obtained.
- the content of the other monomer unit is not more than the above upper limit value, the melting point of ETFE is high, and it is easy to obtain a film having high stress at the time of 10% elongation in a high temperature region such as 80 ° C.
- the melting point of ETFE is preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 210 ° C. or higher, further preferably 225 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 240 ° C. or higher.
- this film can be used as a film for film structure in various regions.
- the area where it can be used may be limited to, for example, an area where the annual maximum temperature is less than 30 ° C.
- the upper limit of the melting point of ETFE is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 270 ° C.
- the melting point of ETFE can be adjusted by the TFE / E ratio and the content of other monomer units. For example, when the content of other monomeric units exceeds 2.5 mol% with respect to the total of TFE units and E units, the melting point of ETFE is often lower than 250 ° C.
- ETFE of volume flow rate (hereinafter, also referred to as "Q-value”.) Is preferably 1 ⁇ 50 mm 3 / sec, particularly preferably 2 ⁇ 30 mm 3 / sec.
- Q-value volume flow rate
- the Q value is measured using a flow tester under the conditions of a cylinder area of 1 cm 2 , a temperature of 297 ° C, and a load of 7 kg.
- ETFE One type of ETFE may be used alone, and two or more types having different compositions (TFE / E ratio, content of other monomer units, etc.) may be used in combination for adjusting haze, UV reflectance, etc. You may.
- the content of ETFE is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 85% by mass or more, further preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass, based on the total mass of this film.
- the upper limit of the content of ETFE is not particularly limited and may be 100% by mass. When the content of ETFE is at least the above lower limit value, the weather resistance and mechanical strength of the film are more excellent.
- Examples of other components include resins and additives other than ETFE.
- Examples of the resin other than ETFE include fluororesins other than ETFE, non-fluororesins and the like.
- As the fluororesin other than ETFE at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, fluoroolefin unit, hydroxyl group, carboxy group, amide group and glycidyl group. Examples thereof include fluoroolefin polymers having a polar group (excluding ETFE).
- Examples of the non-fluororesin include nylon 6, nylon 12, and the like.
- Examples of the additive include pigments, UV absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents and the like.
- Pigments can be added to the film to color the film and control visible or UV transmittance.
- known inorganic pigments and organic pigments can be used, for example, titanium oxide (white), zinc oxide (white), aluminum-cobalt composite oxide (blue), carbon black (black), tin / zinc / titanium.
- Composite oxide (orange), iron oxide (red), cobalt / nickel / zinc / titanium composite oxide (green), cobalt / magnesium / titanium composite oxide (green), bismuth vanadate composite oxide (yellow) ), Nickel / Antimon / Titanium Composite Oxide (Yellow), Titanium / Antimon / Nickel Composite Oxide (Yellow), Zinc / Iron Composite Oxide (Brown), Cobalt / Nickel / Silicon Composite Oxide (Purple) ), Cobalt-lithium-phosphorus composite oxide (purple), manganese oxide (purple), phthalocyanine (blue, green), quinacridone (red, purple).
- One of these pigments may be used alone, or two or more of these pigments may be used in combination.
- the content of the pigment is, for example, 0.0001 to 2% by mass with respect to the mass of the resin.
- the UV absorber include an inorganic UV absorber and an organic UV absorber.
- the inorganic UV absorber include inorganic particles such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, and iron oxide; and inorganic composite particles in which the surface of the inorganic particles is coated with an inorganic substance such as silica, alumina, and zirconia.
- the organic UV absorber include a triazine-based UV absorber, a benzophenone-based UV absorber, and the like, and a triazine-based UV absorber is preferable.
- UV absorber such as 1,3,5-triazine (for example, trade name: TINUVIN 405 manufactured by BASF Japan) is preferable.
- One of these UV absorbers may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- this film contains particulate matter (hereinafter, also referred to as "particle component") as another component such as a UV absorber
- the particle component having a particle size of more than 0.2 ⁇ m receives light incident on the film. It may scatter and increase haze. It is preferable that the content of the particle component having a particle size of more than 0.2 ⁇ m is smaller in this film, and it is particularly preferable that the film does not contain a particle component having a particle size of more than 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the particle components in this film can be adjusted by adjusting the particle size of the particle components to be blended in ETFE, the surface treatment method for dispersing the particle components, and the like.
- the film may be single-layered or multi-layered. Regarding the control of the thermal cooling rate of the molten film, a single-layer film is preferable to a multilayer film in which delamination must be taken into consideration, and therefore a single-layer film is preferable.
- the present film may be one in which a plurality of ETFE layers are laminated, or may be one in which an ETFE layer and another layer are laminated.
- the ETFE layer is a layer containing ETFE, and may contain other components (UV absorber, etc.).
- the ETFE layer preferably comprises only ETFE.
- the other layer is a layer containing other components and not containing ETFE.
- a preferred embodiment of the film is a multilayer film having an ETFE layer and a UV absorber layer laminated on at least one surface of the ETFE layer.
- the UV absorber layer contains a UV absorber, and may further contain a resin, additives other than the UV absorber, and the like, if necessary.
- the UV absorber layer is preferably a coating layer containing a UV absorber.
- the coating layer is formed, for example, by applying a coating agent containing a UV absorber, a liquid medium, and if necessary, an additive other than a resin or a UV absorber to the surface of the ETFE layer (ETFE film) and drying it.
- NS It is preferable that the surface of the ETFE layer is subjected to surface treatment such as corona discharge.
- the resin of the UV absorber layer has a fluoroolefin unit from the viewpoint of excellent weather resistance and adhesion to the surface of the surface-treated ETFE layer, and is composed of a group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, an amide group and a glycidyl group.
- a fluoroolefin polymer having at least one selected polar group is preferable.
- the fluoroolefin may have a hydrogen atom as an unsaturated group or may not have a hydrogen atom as an unsaturated group. Specific examples include the same as described above.
- the fluoroolefin polymer may have a monomer unit other than the fluoroolefin unit.
- Examples of other monomers include other monomers in ETFE (excluding fluoroolefins) and ethylene.
- the fluoroolefin polymer may have a main chain terminal group containing the polar group, or may have a monomer unit containing the polar group.
- fluoroolefin polymer examples include Lumiflon (registered trademark) series (LF200, LF100, LF710, LF600, etc.) (manufactured by AGC), Zeffle (registered trademark) GK series (GK-500, GK-510, GK-550, GK-).
- the haze of this film is 1.2 to 8.0%, particularly preferably 3.0 to 5.0%. If the haze is at least the above lower limit value, scratches, creases, dents, etc. are not noticeable on the film, and if it is at least the above upper limit value, the designability through the film is excellent. Conventionally, scratches, creases, dents, etc. that occur when a transparent film is processed to manufacture a film structure, etc., and a heat seal line that connects the films together do not affect the strength of the film at all. Despite this, it is easily noticeable and easily subject to poor appearance, which has been a cause of great caution during film processing and installation. By making them inconspicuous, the productivity of membrane structures and the like is improved. The method of adjusting the haze will be described in detail later.
- the visible light transmittance of this film is preferably 85% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more.
- the visible light transmittance is at least the above lower limit value, the designability through the film is more excellent.
- the UV reflectance of this film is less than 17.0%, preferably 15.0% or less, and particularly preferably less than 10.0%.
- the UV reflectance is not more than the above upper limit value, the reflected light generated when the film is exposed to sunlight or the like can be made to have low UV intensity and be easy on the eyes.
- the lower the UV reflectance, the more preferable, and the lower limit thereof is not particularly limited. The method of adjusting the UV reflectance will be described in detail later.
- the stress at 10% elongation of this film is preferably 3.0 MPa or more, more preferably 4.0 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 7.0 MPa or more at 80 ° C. for each of MD and TD.
- the upper limit of the stress at the time of 10% elongation is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 12.0 MPa.
- a film structure using an ETFE film as a film structure film is generally designed so that a stress of 1.5 to 3 MPa is applied to the film structure film.
- the maximum temperature of the film for film structure in the actual environment of the film structure is the temperature of the portion in contact with the metal frame in fine weather in midsummer, and is about 80 ° C. at maximum. When the stress at 10% elongation at 80 ° C.
- the film for film structure preferably has a high stress when stretched by 1 to 10%.
- the stress at 10% elongation at 80 ° C. is at least the above lower limit value, the mechanical strength of the film is excellent, the span of the aggregate between the films can be lengthened, and a visual sense of liberation can be easily obtained.
- the stress at 10% elongation at 80 ° C. is less than the above lower limit value, a lot of attention must be paid to the film stretching method when the film structure film is installed by the tension method (single layer). do.
- the cushion method air can be introduced between layers after installation to introduce tension corresponding to rain and snow, so it is possible to prevent ponding in which a dent is generated and rain accumulates in that portion.
- the tension introduced is usually all the tension introduced at the initial stage, and it is not assumed that the operation of applying the tension again when the film becomes loose after installation is performed. Therefore, it is important how the film can be stretched vertically and horizontally to introduce tension at the time of installation.
- a method of introducing tension one side of the four sides up, down, left and right is fixed, and the remaining three sides are fixed while being pulled manually, or after fixing the four sides, an arc-shaped protruding pole Is used to give the film a bulge.
- the cushion method is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of installation and suppression of film tearing.
- the dimensional change rates of MD and TD (hereinafter, also referred to as "thermal dimensional change rates") when heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes and then cooled to 23 ° C. -3.5 to -1.0% is preferable, and -2.5 to -1.5% is particularly preferable.
- the melting point of ETFE in general is 250 to 270 ° C.
- ETFE film is usually used only in a portion where the temperature of smoke generated at the time of fire is 200 ° C. or lower, particularly 150 ° C. or lower. Therefore, the maximum operating temperature is set to 150 ° C. and the thermal dimensional change rate is measured.
- the temperature of the film for the film structure in the actual environment of the film structure is about 80 ° C. at the maximum.
- Plastic expands thermally when heat rises.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of ETFE is approximately 1 ⁇ 10 -4
- a film at 23 ° C becomes 80 ° C it is considered that the film expands by about 0.6%.
- a film having a negative rate of change in thermal dimensions shrinks when it receives heat.
- a film having a dimensional change rate of -2% for each of MD and TD shrinks by about 0.6 to 1% with a thermal change of 23 ° C. to 80 ° C. if the dimensional change rate is proportional to the temperature.
- the film will not loosen in the temperature range of 23 ° C to 80 ° C.
- the thermal dimensional change rate of each of MD and TD is equal to or less than the upper limit value, it is possible to prevent the stretched film for film structure from loosening in the actual environment of the film structure, so that the film is stretched while being stretched. You don't have to.
- the tension can be instantly introduced by applying hot air of about 60 ° C. to 150 ° C. with a hot air supply machine such as a dryer.
- the film in which the thermal dimensional change rate of at least one of MD and TD is larger than -1.0%, the film may become loose in the actual environment of the membrane structure, especially in summer, unless the film is stretched and stretched. There is.
- the thermal dimensional change rate of each of MD and TD is at least the above lower limit value, wrinkles are less likely to occur in the films when the films are joined by heat sealing, and the shape tends to be as planned.
- a tenter is attached to the edge of the film to stretch it in the horizontal direction, or the speed ratio of the take-up roll is changed in the vertical direction.
- the easiest method is to rapidly cool the melt extruded from the die during film forming.
- the film shape is adjusted and fixed before the shrinkage due to the original temperature change is completed. At this time, since the shrinking force remains inside the film, if the temperature of the film rises and the film moves freely, the film shrinks due to the original dimensional change.
- the thickness of this film is 250 to 400 ⁇ m, preferably 250 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is at least the above lower limit value, the proof stress against wind and snow is excellent, and the film is not torn due to the collision of wood chips and pebbles.
- the thickness is not more than the upper limit value, the transparency of the film is excellent and the designability through the film is excellent. In addition, it has low UV reflectance and is easy on the eyes.
- This film is suitable as a film for a film structure, and is particularly suitable as a tension-type film for a film structure.
- the film for film structure is used as a film material constituting the film structure.
- a membrane structure is a building in which at least a part of a roof, an outer wall, etc. is made of a membrane material.
- Membrane structures include, for example, sports facilities (pools, gymnasiums, tennis courts, soccer fields, American football stadiums, etc.), warehouses, meeting venues, exhibition halls, gardening facilities (gardening houses, agricultural houses, etc.), shopping. Centers, parking lots, bicycle parking lots, zoos, barns.
- this film can be used for, for example, screens of outdoor theaters, canvas for yachts, road signs, and release films.
- the film of ETFE is formed by, for example, melting ETFE, continuously extruding the obtained melt through a die forming a sheet having a predetermined thickness, cooling the film, and cooling the film.
- the melt is brought into contact with a roll that is placed directly under the die and adjusted to a predetermined heat medium temperature.
- the haze and UV reflectance of the film thus molded vary depending on the composition of ETFE constituting the film and the cooling rate at the time of molding.
- the composition of ETFE affects the crystallinity of ETFE.
- a composition having low crystallinity is used as ETFE.
- ETFE a composition having low crystallinity
- the content of other monomer units in ETFE increases, the crystallinity of ETFE decreases, and even when ETFE is molded by molding method 2 (general molding method) described later, the haze described above A film satisfying the UV reflectance can be produced.
- the total content of the other monomer units is 2.5 mol% with respect to the total 100 mol% of the TFE unit and the E unit.
- Super is preferable, and 3 mol% or more is particularly preferable.
- the total content of the other monomer units is preferably 7 mol% or less, more preferably 6 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 4 mol% or less, based on 100 mol% of the total of the TFE units and the E units.
- the melt of ETFE is rapidly cooled.
- the melt of ETFE is rapidly cooled.
- the temperature lowering rate in the region of ⁇ 20 ° C. of the ETFE crystallization temperature is preferably 5 ° C./sec or more, and particularly preferably 10 ° C./sec or more.
- a UV absorber can also be used.
- the UV reflectance can be further lowered by blending the UV absorber with ETFE to form a film, or by providing a UV absorber layer on the ETFE film.
- melting method 1 In the molding method 1, ETFE is melted to obtain a melt, and the melt is continuously extruded through a die forming a sheet and passed between two pairs of rolls to be cooled. This gives a film.
- One of the two rolls is a rigid roll and the other is an elastic roll.
- one of the two rolls is a take-up roll (hereinafter, also referred to as “C1 roll”) that takes up the melt, and the other roll is a pressing roll that presses the melt against the C1 roll (hereinafter, “C0”).
- the C1 roll may be a rigid body roll
- the C0 roll may be an elastic roll
- the C1 roll may be an elastic roll
- the C0 roll may be a rigid body roll.
- the C0 roll is also called a backup roll.
- the surface temperature of each of the C1 roll and the C0 roll can be adjusted by a heat medium.
- a C2 roll is provided after the C1 roll, and the melt (film) that has moved along the C1 roll and cooled is peeled off from the C1 roll, and further cooled by the C2 roll.
- the surface temperature of the C2 roll can also be adjusted by a heat medium.
- the C2 roll has a function of controlling the temperature because it has a function of peeling the film from the C1 roll and making the cooling rate of the film uniform in the width direction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a molding apparatus used in the molding method 1.
- the molding apparatus 10 includes an extruder 11, a die 13 connected to the extruder 11, a pair of C1 rolls 15 and C0 rolls 17, a C2 roll 19, and a winder (not shown). ..
- the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17 are arranged between them so that the melt 1 extruded in the form of a sheet from the die 13 can pass through them.
- the extruder 11 melts ETFE and continuously extrudes it from the die 13 at an arbitrary extrusion rate.
- the extruder 11 is not particularly limited, and a known extruder such as a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder may be used.
- the die 13 shapes the ETFE melted by the extruder 11 into a sheet shape. Examples of the die 13 include a flat die (also referred to as a “T die”).
- the C1 roll 15 is a rigid body roll.
- the rigid body roll any roll can be used as long as the temperature of the heat medium can be adjusted, and a known cooling roll or the like can be used.
- a rigid body roll an inner cylinder attached to a rotating shaft and an outer cylinder arranged on the outside of the inner cylinder are provided, and a heat medium (refrigerant) is circulated or held between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
- the rolls configured in can be mentioned.
- a heat medium heated or cooled to an arbitrary temperature is circulated between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, or a heat medium held between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is arbitrarily used.
- the surface temperature of the outer cylinder that is, the surface temperature of the rigid roll can be controlled.
- the wall thickness of the outer cylinder is preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 3 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 mm. If the wall thickness is at least the lower limit of the above range, the rigid roll is less likely to be deformed when pressed by an elastic roll or the like. When the wall thickness is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the temperature commutative property with the heat medium is good. In addition, the weight of the outer cylinder can be suppressed.
- the material of the rigid body roll (outer cylinder, inner cylinder, etc.), a material having a Young's modulus of 5 ⁇ 10 4 MPa or more is preferable. Further, a material having high heat resistance is preferable because it comes into contact with the melt of ETFE at a high temperature.
- the material having high heat resistance include metals and ceramics, and metal is preferable from the viewpoint of processability. Examples of the metal include steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy and the like.
- the surface of the rigid roll is surface-modified such as ceramic coating, ceramic sintering, ceramic vapor deposition, super hard metal spraying, plating, carburizing, and nitriding in order to increase the hardness. You may.
- the surface roughness of the C1 roll 15 is controlled by either the arithmetic mean roughness Ra or the maximum height Ry. Ra is measured according to JIS B0601: 2001. Ry is measured according to JIS B0601: 1994.
- the Ra on the surface of the C1 roll 15 is preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the Ry on the surface of the C1 roll 15 is preferably 1 s or less, and particularly preferably less than 0.3 s.
- the C0 roll 17 is an elastic roll.
- the elastic roll may be any one capable of adjusting the surface temperature, and examples thereof include a coating roll having a coating on the surface made of a material selected from the group consisting of rubber, elastomer and plastic, a flexible metal roll and the like.
- the covering roll includes, for example, an inner cylinder attached to a rotating shaft, an outer cylinder arranged on the outside of the inner cylinder, and the coating covering the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are provided. Examples thereof include rolls configured to flow or hold a heat medium (refrigerant) between them.
- the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder may be the same as those mentioned in the rigid body roll, respectively.
- Examples of the rubber constituting the coating include silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), neoprene rubber, and fluororubber.
- Examples of the elastomer include polyester-based, urethane-based, and polyamide-based elastomers.
- Examples of the plastic include fluororesin, polysulfone, and polyamide.
- the wall thickness of the coating is preferably 0.25 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 1 to 20 mm.
- the wall thickness is at least the lower limit of the above range, the elastic roll is sufficiently deformed when the melt of ETFE passes between the rigid roll and the elastic roll, and internal strain is unlikely to occur.
- the wall thickness is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the temperature exchangeability with the heat medium is excellent.
- the flexible metal roll examples include a roll having a flexible outer cylinder made of metal and a soft base arranged inside the outer cylinder adjacent to the outer cylinder. In such a roll, since the outer cylinder of the outermost layer has flexibility, the surface is deformed when pressed by a rigid body roll or the like.
- a roll configured to flow or hold a heat medium (refrigerant) inside a soft base is preferable.
- the outer cylinder may be similar to that listed for rigid rolls. For example, a nickel alloy having a chrome plating on the outside can be mentioned.
- the wall thickness of the flexible outer cylinder is preferably less than 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.7 mm, and particularly preferably 0.07 to 0.5 mm. If the wall thickness is not more than the above upper limit value, the flexibility can be ensured, and if it is more than the lower limit value, the durability is excellent.
- the soft base examples include rubber (silicone and the like), elastomer, liquid and the like. Examples of the rubber and the elastomer include the same as described above.
- a heat medium may be used as the liquid.
- the thickness of the soft base is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 2 to 20 mm.
- the thickness of the soft base is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the elastic roll is sufficiently deformed when the melt 1 passes between the rigid body roll and the elastic roll, and internal strain is unlikely to occur.
- the thickness of the soft substrate is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the temperature exchangeability with the heat medium is excellent.
- the surface roughness of the C0 roll 17 (the surface roughness of the coating of the coating roll, the surface roughness of the flexible outer cylinder of the flexible metal roll) is preferably as small as the surface roughness of the C1 roll 15.
- the surface roughness of the C0 roll 17 is controlled by either the arithmetic mean roughness Ra or the maximum height Ry, similarly to the surface roughness of the C1 roll 15.
- the Ra on the surface of the C0 roll 17 is preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the Ry on the surface of the C0 roll 17 is preferably 1 s or less, and particularly preferably less than 0.3 s.
- the C2 roll 19 peels the melt 1, that is, the film, which has moved and cooled along the C1 roll, from the C1 roll 15 and transfers it to a winder (not shown).
- the C2 roll 19 is not particularly limited, and for example, the above-mentioned rigid body roll, elastic roll, or the like can be used.
- ETFE is supplied to the extruder 11 and melted in the extruder 11.
- Other components may be mixed in advance in the ETFE supplied to the extruder 11, or the other components may be supplied to the extruder 11 together with ETFE.
- the melt in the extruder 11 is continuously supplied to the die 13 and extruded into a sheet.
- the extruded melt 1 is placed below the die 13 and passed between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17.
- the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17 are pressed against each other with a predetermined linear pressure, and when the melt passes between them, the melt 1 is brought into close contact with the surface of the C1 roll 15 by the C0 roll 17.
- the melt 1 is cooled from both sides by the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17.
- the melt 1 that has passed between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17 is further cooled while moving along the C1 roll 15 that rotates at a predetermined speed.
- the cooled melt 1 (film) is peeled from the C1 roll 15 by the C2 roll 19, further cooled if necessary, and transferred to a winder (not shown).
- ETFE a commercially available product may be used, or a product manufactured by a known production method may be used.
- the method for producing ETFE is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polymerization method using a radical polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization.
- the temperature inside the extruder 11 is equal to or higher than the melting point of ETFE in order to melt ETFE, preferably (melting point + 10 ° C.) to (melting point + 150 ° C.), and particularly preferably (melting point + 20 ° C.) to (melting point + 100 ° C.). .. If the temperature inside the extruder 11 is at least the lower limit value, a homogeneous melt can be obtained, so stable extrusion molding is possible, and if it is at least the upper limit value, deterioration of the material due to thermal decomposition can be suppressed. .. The same applies to the preferred range of temperature in the die 13.
- the gap between the discharge ports of the die 13 is set so that the thickness of the obtained film is 250 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the linear pressure between the C1 roll 15 and the C2 roll 17 is 0.1 to 1,000 N / cm, preferably 5 to 1,000 N / cm, more preferably 10 to 500 N / cm, and 30 to 300 N / cm. cm is particularly preferred.
- the linear pressure is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the melt 1 adheres well to the C1 roll 15 and the occurrence of defects due to uneven pressing can be reduced.
- the linear pressure is equal to or less than the upper limit value, when the melt 1 passes between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17, rotation, cross flow, etc. are less likely to occur inside the melt 1, and a film with small internal distortion is formed. Easy to obtain. Further, the durability of the C0 roll 17, which is an elastic roll, is good.
- the average of the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 and the heat medium temperature of the C0 roll 17 (hereinafter, also referred to as “average heat medium temperature”) is 40 to 180 ° C, preferably 60 to 170 ° C, and 70 to 150. ° C is particularly preferred.
- the average heat medium temperature is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the melt 1 is rapidly cooled as it passes between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17, the crystallinity of ETFE is lowered, and the obtained film is obtained. Haze and UV reflectance are low.
- the average heat medium temperature is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the adhesion of the melt 1 to the roll is excellent.
- the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 is preferably 40 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 may be 40 to 120 ° C., 40 to 100 ° C., 50 to 100 ° C., or 60 to 90 ° C. ..
- the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the adhesion of the melt 1 to the C1 roll 15 is excellent, and when the temperature is equal to or lower than the upper limit value, the melt 1 becomes the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17. As it passes between, it is rapidly cooled, resulting in lower crystallinity of ETFE, lower haze of the resulting film, and lower UV reflectance.
- the surface temperature of the C1 roll 15 during molding is usually higher than the heat medium temperature and lower than the temperature of the melt 1.
- the heat medium temperature of the C0 roll 17 varies depending on the material of the surface of the C0 roll 17, but is preferably 40 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the heat medium temperature of the C0 roll 17 may be 40 to 120 ° C., 40 to 100 ° C., 50 to 100 ° C., or 60 to 90 ° C. .. If the heat medium temperature of the C0 roll 17 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, it is not necessary to use a special cooling method and the operability is excellent. As it passes between, it is rapidly cooled, reducing the crystallinity of ETFE, reducing the haze and UV reflectance of the resulting film and extending the life of the elastic rolls.
- the surface temperature of the C0 roll 17 at the time of molding is usually higher than the heat medium temperature and lower than the temperature of the melt 1.
- the temperature of the melt 1 immediately before passing between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17 is 200 to 330 ° C, preferably 220 to 320 ° C, and particularly preferably 240 to 310 ° C.
- the temperature of the melt 1 is equal to or higher than the lower limit, it is rapidly cooled when passing between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17, the crystallinity of ETFE is lowered, and the haze and UV reflection of the obtained film are reduced. The rate is low.
- the temperature of the melt 1 is not more than the upper limit value, deterioration of the material due to thermal decomposition can be suppressed.
- the temperature of the melt 1 immediately before passing between the C1 roll 15 and the C0 roll 17 can be adjusted by the temperature in the die 13, an air gap, or the like.
- the air gap is the distance from the outlet of the die 13 to the cooling point.
- the cooling point is where the melt 1 extruded from the die first contacts the rolls (one or both of the two rolls).
- the air gap is preferably 200 mm or less, and particularly preferably 150 mm or less.
- the take-up speed (peripheral speed) of the C1 roll 15 is preferably 0.3 to 50 m / min, particularly preferably 0.5 to 20 m / min.
- peripheral speed of the C1 roll 15 is at least the lower limit value, the productivity of the film is excellent, and when it is at least the upper limit value, it is easy to secure the physical characteristics of the film.
- the heat medium temperature of the C2 roll 19 is, for example, 100 ° C. or lower, and may be 40 to 100 ° C.
- the surface temperature of the C2 roll 19 at the time of molding is usually higher than the heat medium temperature and lower than the film temperature.
- the ratio of the take-back speed (m / min) of the C2 roll 19 to the take-up speed (m / min) of the C1 roll 15 (hereinafter, also referred to as “C2 / C1 take-back speed ratio”) is, for example, 1.00 to 1.04. It is preferably 1.00 to 1.02. As the C2 / C1 take-up rate ratio becomes greater than 1.00, the melt 1 tends to be stretched and the shrinkage rate when heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes tends to increase. If the C2 / C1 take-back rate ratio is within a preferable range, the above-mentioned thermal dimensional change rate is likely to be within a preferable range.
- melting method 2 ETFE is melted to obtain a melt, and the melt is continuously extruded through a die forming a sheet, and one side thereof is brought into contact with a C1 roll to be cooled. If necessary, a C2 roll is provided after the C1 roll, and the melt (film) that has moved along the C1 roll and cooled is peeled off from the C1 roll, and further cooled by the C2 roll. This gives a film.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a molding apparatus used in the molding method 2.
- the molding apparatus 20 includes an extruder 11, a die 13 connected to the extruder 11, a C1 roll 15, a C2 roll 19, and a winder (not shown).
- the molding apparatus 20 is the same as the molding apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 except that the C0 roll 17 is not provided.
- ETFE is supplied to the extruder 11 and melted in the extruder 11.
- Other components may be mixed in advance in the ETFE supplied to the extruder 11, or the other components may be supplied to the extruder 11 together with ETFE.
- the melt in the extruder 11 is continuously supplied to the die 13 and extruded into a sheet.
- the extruded melt 1 is picked up by a C1 roll 15 arranged below the die 13.
- the melt 1 is cooled from one side by the C1 roll 15.
- the melt 1 taken up by the C1 roll 15 is further cooled while moving along the C1 roll 15 rotating at a predetermined speed.
- the cooled melt 1 (film) is peeled from the C1 roll 15 by the C2 roll 19, further cooled if necessary, and transferred to a winder (not shown).
- the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 is, for example, 100 to 250 ° C.
- the surface temperature of the C1 roll 15 at the time of molding is usually higher than the heat medium temperature.
- the conditions other than the surface temperature of the C1 roll 15 may be the same as those of the molding method 1.
- the average of the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 and the heat medium temperature of the C2 roll 19 is 40 to 180 ° C., preferably 60 to 170 ° C., particularly preferably 70 to 150 ° C.
- the melt 1 is cooled when it passes through the C1 roll 15, and then further cooled by the C2 roll 19, so that the crystallinity of ETFE is lowered and the obtained film is obtained. Haze and UV reflectance are low.
- a UV absorber layer may be formed on the film molded by the molding method 1 or the molding method 2.
- T ⁇ M which is the product of T and M, is preferably 31,000 or less, and more preferably 30,000 or less. .. Further, T ⁇ M is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 12,000 or more, further preferably 13,000 or more, and particularly preferably 14,000 or more.
- Examples 7 to 19 are examples, and examples 1 to 6 and 20 are comparative examples.
- the haze was measured using a turbidity meter NDH-5000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. in accordance with JIS K7136: 2000.
- the UV reflectance and the visible light transmittance were measured using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer UV-3600PC manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation in accordance with DIN EN 410: 1998.
- the optical characteristics of the film on which the UV absorber layer was formed were measured in the direction in which light was incident from the side opposite to the side on which the UV absorber layer was formed (ETFE surface).
- Float glass haze 0.8%, UV reflectance 7.4%, visible light transmittance 91.7%.
- Low-E double glazing haze 1.2%, UV reflectance 18.2%, visible light transmittance 77.2%.
- Thermal dimensional change rate was measured in accordance with JIS K7133: 1999 "Plastic-film and sheet-heated dimensional change measuring method”. The heating conditions were 150 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the MD and TD of the film were measured.
- the 10% elongation stress is the stress at 10% elongation at 80 ° C., and was measured in accordance with JIS K7127: 1999 "Plastic-Test method for tensile properties-Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets".
- the sample shape was dumbbell type 5, the tensile speed was 200 mm / min, and the MD and TD of the film were measured.
- the measurement temperature is 80 ° C.
- melting point The melting point was measured using a scanning differential thermal analyzer (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., model DSC7030).
- the thickness of the film was measured using a digital micrometer (Precision Technology Inc., model M-30).
- a rotary ablation tester manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho was used to scratch the surface of the film with a wear wheel.
- a CS10 was used as the wear wheel, and the wheel was rotated 100 times at 4.9 N. Then, the film was visually observed from a distance of 1 m or 3 m, and it was evaluated whether or not scratches were visible.
- a film in which scratches can be confirmed from a point 3 m away is C, a film that can be confirmed from 1 m, but a film that cannot be confirmed in 3 m is B, and a film that cannot be confirmed even in 1 m is A. B and A can be used.
- Double-sided adhesive tape was attached to both frames, and butyl rubber having a thickness of 1 mm was fixed on the double-sided adhesive tape. Then, a double-sided adhesive tape was attached onto the butyl rubber of one frame, a film was placed on the double-sided adhesive tape, and the other frame was placed so that the butyl rubber was in contact with the film side, and the four corners were tightened. In this way, a test body in which the film was sandwiched between frames was produced. At this time, care was taken not to bend the film due to its own weight. Then, the test piece was placed in a high temperature bath at 60 ° C.
- the magnitude of the tension remaining on the film was determined from the strength of the repulsive force of the film when the film was pressed with a finger.
- the film was recessed by more than 5 mm, it was rated as C, when the film was recessed by more than 0 mm and 5 mm or less, it was rated as B, and when the film was not recessed at all, it was rated as A.
- a force of 10 N was applied to the film having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m, and a force of 15 N was applied to the film having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m from the fingertips.
- a and B can be used.
- PFBE is continuously charged so as to be 1.4 mol% with respect to this mixed gas.
- Example 1 NOWOFLON ET 6235Z 250 (manufactured by NOWOFOL, thickness 250 ⁇ m), which is a transparent ETFE film for film structure, was used as the film of Example 1.
- Example 2 A transparent ETFE film for film structure, Fluon ETFE FILM 250NJ (manufactured by AGC, 250 ⁇ m in thickness) was used as the film of Example 2.
- Example 3 The film of Example 3 was Fluon ETFE FILM 250HJ (manufactured by AGC Inc., thickness 260 ⁇ m), which is a milky white, super-matte, milky white ETFE film for film structure.
- Example 4 The ETFE1 obtained in Production Example 1 is extruded at a temperature of 280 ° C. at a screw rotation speed of 75 rpm using a unidirectional rotating twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobel Co., Ltd.) having a segment screw having an outer diameter of 32 mm and a length of 1,445 mm. The mixture was kneaded at an amount of 30 kg / hour, and strands having an outer diameter of 2.5 ⁇ 0.5 mm were extruded, cooled with water, and then cut to a length of 2 to 3 mm using a pelletizer to form pellets. In addition, rpm indicates the number of revolutions per minute.
- the pellets of ETFE1 were molded into a film by the molding method 2 without using a C0 roll shown in FIG.
- the specific molding procedure is shown below.
- a film forming die with a width of 700 mm and a discharge port clearance of 0.5 mm is attached to the tip of a single-screw extruder with a screw with an outer diameter of 65 mm and a length of 1,950 mm, and a vacuum hopper (Matsubo) is attached to the material input port.
- the inside of the vacuum hopper was kept at 0.05 MPa or less.
- the pellets of ETFE1 were put into the material inlet, the temperature of the tip of the extruder and the film forming die was set to 330 ° C., ETFE1 was extruded from the film forming die at an extrusion rate of 37 kg / hour, and placed directly under the film forming die.
- the film was formed by cooling along a C1 roll, taking it up with a C2 roll, and cooling it to 25 ° C.
- a metal roll having a hard chrome plating (Ry: 0.2s) on the surface was used, the heat medium temperature was set to 150 ° C., and the take-up speed was set to 5 m / min.
- the C2 roll also uses a metal roll plated with hard chrome (Ry: 0.2s), the heat medium temperature is set to 90 ° C, and the take-up speed is 5 m / min (C2 / C1 take-back speed ratio 1). bottom.
- Example 5 100 g of silica-coated cerium oxide (particles in which silica-coated cerium oxide particles are surface-hydrophobicized with methylhydrogenpolysiloxane, manufactured by Daito Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name SI01-5 Serigad SC6832) as a UV absorber. was mixed with 1900 g of ETFE1. The obtained mixture is kneaded at a cylinder temperature of 310 ° C. and a head temperature of 320 ° C. using a biaxially rotating twin-screw extruder to extrude a strand having an outer diameter of 2.5 ⁇ 0.5 mm, water-cooled, and then a pelletizer.
- the masterbatch pellets containing the UV absorber (UV absorber content: 5% by mass based on the total mass of the masterbatch) were formed by cutting into a length of 2 to 3 mm using the above.
- a film (UV absorber content: 0.5% by mass based on the total mass of the film) was formed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the obtained mixture was used instead of the pellet of ETFE1.
- Example 6 Xylene solution of fluoropolymer having a hydroxyl group (manufactured by AGC, trade name LF200, hydroxyl value 31 mg (KOH) / g, solid content of fluoropolymer 60% by mass, glass transition temperature of fluoropolymer 25 ° C.) To, toluene and a hydroxyphenyltriazine-based UV absorber (TINUVIN 479, manufactured by BASF Japan) were added as a UV absorber to prepare a coating solution having a solid content of 35% by mass. The amount of the UV absorber added was 13 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluorine-containing polymer.
- the amount of toluene added was set so that the viscosity of No. 3 Zahn cup was 25 seconds because gravure printing was performed on the gravure plate. Subsequently, after corona discharge treatment is performed on one surface of the film formed in Example 4, the coating liquid is applied to the corona-treated surface with a gravure roll so that the thickness after drying is 2 ⁇ m, and the temperature is 100 ° C. The film was dried for 10 seconds to form a UV absorber layer. As a result, a film having a UV absorber layer was obtained.
- ETFE1 was pelletized by the same method as in Example 4 and molded into a film by the molding method 1 (method using a C0 roll) shown in FIG.
- the specific molding procedure is the same as in Example 4 except for the roll structure and the temperature of the heat medium.
- the same C1 roll as in Example 4 was used, and the temperature of the heat medium was 90 ° C.
- As the C0 roll a silicon rubber roll (MW mirror roll manufactured by Mochida Shoko Co., Ltd.) was used, and the heat medium temperature of the C0 roll was also 90 ° C.
- the air gap was 100 mm.
- the temperature of the melt 1 immediately before passing between the C1 roll and the C0 roll was 280 ° C.
- the nip pressure between the C1 roll and the C0 roll was 140 N / cm in linear pressure.
- Example 8 A mixture of the masterbatch and pellets of ETFE1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5. A film (UV absorber content: 0.5% by mass based on the total mass of the film) was formed in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the obtained mixture was used instead of the pellet of ETFE1.
- Example 9 A UV absorber layer was formed on one surface of the film formed in Example 7 by corona discharge treatment in the same manner as in Example 4. As a result, a film having a UV absorber layer was obtained.
- Example 10 to 13, 15 to 19 Same as Example 7 except that ETFE shown in Table 1 was used instead of ETFE1 and the molding conditions (heat medium temperature of each roll, C2 / C1 take-up rate ratio) and the thickness of the film to be molded were shown in Table 1.
- the film was formed.
- the gap between the discharge ports of the film forming die was set to 0.8 mm.
- the temperature of the extruder at the time of pelletization is 260 ° C.
- Example 4 is 280 ° C.
- the temperature of the extruder tip and the film forming die is 300 ° C. (Example 4 was set to 330 ° C.).
- the temperature of the melt immediately before passing between the C1 roll and the C0 roll was 300 ° C. in Example 13, 260 ° C. in Example 17, and 280 ° C. in Examples 18 and 19.
- Example 14 The film was molded in the same manner as in Example 4 except that ETFE4 was used instead of ETFE1.
- Example 20 A film was formed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that ETFE7 was used instead of ETFE1 and the molding conditions (heat medium temperature of each roll) were as shown in Table 1.
- the temperature of the extruder for pelletization is 260 ° C. (Example 4 is 280 ° C.), and the temperature of the extruder tip and the film forming die is 290 ° C. (Example 4 is 330 ° C.). ) was set.
- the temperature of the melt immediately before passing between the C1 roll and the C0 roll was 270 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the composition (TFE / E, PFBE) and melting point of ETFE used in each example.
- TFE / E in the composition of ETFE indicates the molar ratio of TFE units to E units
- PFBE indicates the ratio (mol) of PFBE to a total of 100 mols of TFE units and E units. show.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of the films of each example, the rate of change in thermal dimensions, and the stress at 10% elongation at 80 ° C. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the designability through the film, the inconspicuous scratches, and the deflection after being left at 60 ° C.
- the “average heat medium temperature T (° C.)” in Table 1 is the average of the heat medium temperature of the C1 roll 15 and the heat medium temperature of the C0 roll 17, or the C1 roll 15 when the C0 roll 17 is not used. It represents the average of the heat medium temperature and the heat medium temperature of the C2 roll 19.
- the films of Examples 7 to 19 had a haze of 1.2 to 8.0%, they were excellent in designability through the film and scratches were inconspicuous. Moreover, since the UV reflectance was less than 17.0%, it was easy on the eyes.
- the films of Examples 1 to 3, which are commercially available ETFE films for film structure had a haze of more than 8.0% and were inferior in designability through the film. Moreover, the UV reflectance exceeded 17.0%.
- the films of Examples 4 to 6 had a haze of more than 8.0% and were inferior in designability through the film. In particular, the film of Example 4 had a UV reflectance of more than 17.0%.
- the film of Example 20 had a haze of less than 1.2%, so that scratches were easily noticeable.
- the film of the present invention has excellent designability through the film, is inconspicuous even if scratched, and is easy on the eyes. According to the film of the present invention, a film structure that is transparent, has an excellent clear feeling, and is easy on the eyes can be easily spread.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、厚さが200μmで、ヘイズが10.8%又は12.5%のエチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体フィルムが記載されている。
一方で、ヘイズの低い透明なフィルムは、フィルムの加工時や取り付け時に擦り傷が付いたときに、擦り傷が目立ちやすい。
クッション方式では、多くの場合、フィルム形状は円弧状であり、上空の太陽光を受けての反射光は、入射角がバラバラであるから、反射角もバラバラとなり、反射光は分散されやすく、強い反射光にはなりにくい。しかし、テンション方式では、フィルム形状が平面状であることが多いため、反射光は分散されにくく、強い反射光になる角度や時間帯がある。
[1]テトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位とエチレンに基づく単位とを有する共重合体を含み、
ヘイズが1.2~8.0%であり、
紫外線反射率が17.0%未満であり、
厚さが250~400μmであることを特徴とする、フィルム。
[2]23℃における寸法を基準とし、150℃で10分間加熱し、その後23℃まで冷却した際のMD及びTD各々の寸法変化率が-3.5~-1.0%である、前記[1]のフィルム。
[3]MD及びTD各々の10%伸び時の応力が、80℃において3.0MPa以上である、前記[1]又は[2]のフィルム。
[4]前記共重合体の含有量が、前記フィルムの総質量に対して90質量%以上である、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかのフィルム。
[5]前記共重合体が、テトラフルオロエチレン及びエチレン以外の他の単量体に基づく単位を有し、
前記他の単量体に基づく単位の合計含有量が、前記テトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位と前記エチレンに基づく単位との合計に対して1~7モル%である、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかのフィルム。
[6]膜構造用である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれかのフィルム。
[7]前記[1]~[6]のいずれかのフィルムの製造方法であって、
前記共重合体を溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、対になった2つのロールの間を通過させて冷却し、
前記2つのロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記2つのロールの一方が剛体ロールで、他方が弾性ロールであり、
前記2つのロールが0.1~1,000N/cmの線圧で押し付けられており、
前記2つのロールの間を通過する直前の前記溶融物の温度が200~330℃であり、
前記2つのロールそれぞれの熱媒温度の平均が40~180℃であることを特徴とする、フィルムの製造方法。
[8] 前記2つのロールの間を通過させて冷却した後、後段に配置される後段ロールに接触させて更に冷却し、
前記後段ロールは熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記後段ロールの熱媒温度が100℃以下である、前記[7]のフィルムの製造方法。
[9] 前記[1]~[6]のいずれかのフィルムの製造方法であって、
前記共重合体を溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、剛体ロール又は弾性ロールと後段に配置される後段ロールとに接触させて冷却し、
前記剛体ロール又は弾性ロール、及び前記後段ロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記剛体ロール又は弾性ロールに接触する直前の前記溶融物の温度が200~330℃であり、
前記剛体ロール又は弾性ロールの熱媒温度と前記後段ロールの熱媒温度との平均が40~180℃であることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。
[10] 前記後段ロールの熱媒温度が100℃以下である、前記[9]のフィルムの製造方法。
[11] 前記[1]~[6]のいずれかのフィルムの製造方法であって、
前記共重合体を溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、対になった剛体ロールと弾性ロールとの間を通過させて冷却するか、又は、剛体ロール若しくは弾性ロールと後段に配置される後段ロールとに接触させて冷却し、
前記剛体ロール、弾性ロール及び後段ロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記剛体ロールと前記弾性ロールの間を通過する直前、又は前記剛体ロール若しくは前記弾性ロールに接触する直前の前記溶融物の温度が200~330℃であり、
前記共重合体の融点Mが200℃以上であり、
前記剛体ロールの熱媒温度と前記弾性ロールの熱媒温度との平均、又は、前記剛体ロール若しくは弾性ロールの熱媒温度と前記後段ロールの熱媒温度との平均をT(℃)としたとき、T×Mが31,000以下であることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。
本発明のフィルムの製造方法によれば、フィルム越しの意匠性に優れ、擦り傷がついても目立ちにくく、目に優しいフィルムを製造できる。
「単量体に基づく単位」は、単量体1分子が重合して直接形成される原子団と、前記原子団の一部を化学変換して得られる原子団との総称である。本明細書においては、単量体に基づく単位を、単に、単量体単位とも記す。
「単量体」は、重合性炭素-炭素二重結合等の重合性不飽和結合を有する化合物を意味する。
「融点」は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)法で測定した、樹脂の融解ピークの最大値に対応する温度である。
「MD」は、流れ方向(Machine Direction)を意味し、「TD」は、MDと直交する方向(Transverse Direction)を意味する。
「ヘイズ」は、JIS K7136:2000に準拠して測定される値である。
「可視光線透過率」は、DIN EN 410:1998に準拠して測定される値である。
「紫外線反射率」(UV反射率)は、DIN EN 410:1998に準拠して測定される値である。
「寸法変化率」は、JIS K7133:1999に準拠して測定される値である。
「10%伸び時の応力」は、JIS K7127:1999に準拠して測定される値である。
「フィルム越しの意匠性に優れる」とは、フィルムを通して背景等を見たときの背景等の色調や輪郭が明瞭であること、つまりフィルムを通さずに直接背景等を見たときとの差が少ないことを示す。
「剛体ロール」は、ロールの圧胴部最外層材質のヤング率が5×104MPa以上で肉厚2mm以上の円筒からなるロールを意味する。
「弾性ロール」は、ロールの圧胴部最外層材質のヤング率が5×104MPa未満の円筒からなるロール、又は前記ヤング率が5×104MPa以上で肉厚が2mm未満の円筒からなるロールを意味する。
「2つのロールの間を通過する直前」とは、2つのロールの間の最も狭いところから上流方向(ダイ方向)に10mm離れた位置を意味する。
数値範囲を示す「~」は、その前後に記載された数値を下限値及び上限値として含むことを意味する。
図1~2における寸法比は、説明の便宜上、実際のものとは異なったものである。
本発明のフィルム(以下、「本フィルム」とも記す。)は、テトラフルオロエチレン(以下、「TFE」とも記す。)に基づく単位とエチレン(以下、「E」とも記す。)に基づく単位とを有する共重合体(以下、「ETFE」とも記す。)を含み、ヘイズが1.2~8.0%であり、紫外線反射率が17.0%未満であり、厚さが250~400μmであるフィルムである。
本フィルムは、性能を損なわない範囲で、ETFE以外の他の成分を更に含んでいてもよい。
他の単量体としては、TFE及びEと共重合可能であればよく、例えば、フルオロアルキル基を有するビニル単量体;プロピレン、ブテン等のオレフィン(ただし、Eを除く。);フッ化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニル、トリフルオロエチレン等の不飽和基に水素原子を有するフルオロオレフィン;クロロトリフルオロエチレン等の不飽和基に水素原子を有しないフルオロオレフィン(ただし、TFEを除く。);ペルフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)等のペルフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル);アルキルビニルエーテル、(フルオロアルキル)ビニルエーテル、グリシジルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル、メチルビニロキシブチルカーボネート等のビニルエーテル;酢酸ビニル、クロロ酢酸ビニル、ブタン酸ビニル、ピバル酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、クロトン酸ビニル等のビニルエステル;(ポリフルオロアルキル)アクリレート、(ポリフルオロアルキル)メタクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;等が挙げられる。これら他の単量体は1種を単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
CH2=CX-Rf 式1
ただし、Xは水素原子又はフッ素原子を表し、Rfはフルオロアルキル基を表す。
Xとしては、重合性に優れる点から、水素原子が好ましい。
Rfとしては、炭素数1~8のフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~8のペルフルオロアルキル基がより好ましく、炭素数2~6のペルフルオロアルキル基が特に好ましい。Rfは、直鎖状でも分岐状でもよい。Rfの具体例としては、ペンタフルオロエチル基、ノナフルオロブチル基、トリデカフルオロヘキシル基が挙げられる。
ETFEの融点の上限は、特に限定されないが、例えば270℃である。
ETFEの融点は、TFE/E比、他の単量体単位の含有量により調整できる。例えば、他の単量体単位の含有量がTFE単位とE単位との合計に対して2.5モル%を超える場合、ETFEの融点は250℃を下回ることが多い。
Q値は、フローテスタを用いて、シリンダー面積1cm2、温度297℃、荷重7kgの条件で測定される。
ETFE以外の樹脂としては、ETFE以外のフッ素樹脂、非フッ素樹脂等が挙げられる。ETFE以外のフッ素樹脂としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、エチレン-クロロトリフルオロエチレン系共重合体、フルオロオレフィン単位を有し、水酸基、カルボキシ基、アミド基及びグリシジル基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の極性基を有するフルオロオレフィン系重合体(ただし、ETFEを除く。)等が挙げられる。非フッ素樹脂としては、ナイロン6、ナイロン12等が挙げられる。
添加剤としては、顔料、UV吸収剤、酸化防止剤、帯電防止剤等が挙げられる。
顔料としては、公知の無機顔料や有機顔料を使用でき、例えば酸化チタン(白)、酸化亜鉛(白)、アルミ・コバルトの複合酸化物(青)、カーボンブラック(黒)、錫・亜鉛・チタンの複合酸化物(オレンジ)、酸化鉄(赤)、コバルト・ニッケル・亜鉛・チタンの複合酸化物(緑)、コバルト・マグネシウム・チタンの複合酸化物(緑)、バナジン酸ビスマス複合酸化物(黄)、ニッケル・アンチモン・チタンの複合酸化物(黄)、チタン・アンチモン・ニッケルの複合酸化物(黄)、亜鉛・鉄の複合酸化物(茶)、コバルト・ニッケル・ケイ素の複合酸化物(紫)、コバルト・リチウム・リンの複合酸化物(紫)、マンガン酸化物(紫)、フタロシアニン(青、緑)、キナクリドン(赤、紫)が挙げられる。これらの顔料は1種を単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
顔料の含有量は、例えば、樹脂の質量に対し0.0001~2質量%である。
UV吸収剤としては、無機UV吸収剤、有機UV吸収剤等が挙げられる。
無機UV吸収剤としては、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化セリウム、酸化鉄等の無機粒子;前記無機粒子の表面にシリカ、アルミナ、ジルコニア等の無機物をコーティングした無機複合体粒子等が挙げられる。
有機UV吸収剤としては、トリアジン系UV吸収剤、ベンゾフェノン系UV吸収剤等が挙げられ、トリアジン系UV吸収剤が好ましい。なかでも、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-4-[1-オクチルオキシカルボニルエトキシ]フェニル)-4,6-ビス(4-フェニルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン(例えば、BASFジャパン社製の商品名:TINUVIN 479)、2,4-ビス[2-ヒドロキシ-4-ブトキシフェニル]-6-(2,4-ジブトキシフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン(例えば、BASFジャパン社製の商品名:TINUVIN 460)、2-[4-[(2-ヒドロキシ-3-(2’-エチル)ヘキシルオキシ]-2-ヒドロキシフェニル]-4,6-ビス(2,4-ジメチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン(例えば、BASFジャパン社製の商品名:TINUVIN 405)等のヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系UV吸収剤が好ましい。
これらのUV吸収剤は1種を単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
本フィルムは、粒子径0.2μm超の粒子成分の含有量が少ないほど好ましく、粒子径0.2μm超の粒子成分を含まないことが特に好ましい。
本フィルム中での粒子成分の粒子径は、ETFEに配合する粒子成分の粒子径、粒子成分の分散のための表面処理方法等により調整できる。
本フィルムが多層である場合、本フィルムは、複数のETFE層が積層されたものであってもよく、ETFE層と他の層とが積層されたものであってもよい。
ETFE層は、ETFEを含む層であり、他の成分(UV吸収剤等)を含んでいてもよい。ETFE層は、ETFEのみからなることが好ましい。
他の層は、他の成分を含み、ETFEを含まない層である。
UV吸収剤層は、UV吸収剤を含むコーティング層であることが好ましい。コーティング層は、例えば、ETFE層(ETFEフィルム)の表面に、UV吸収剤、液状媒体、必要に応じて樹脂やUV吸収剤以外の添加剤を含むコーティング剤を塗布し、乾燥することにより形成される。ETFE層の表面はコロナ放電等の表面処理が行われていることが好ましい。
フルオロオレフィンは、不飽和基に水素原子を有するものでもよく、不飽和基に水素原子を有しないものでもよい。具体例としては、前記と同様のものが挙げられる。
フルオロオレフィン系重合体は、フルオロオレフィン単位以外の他の単量体単位を有していてもよい。他の単量体としては、例えば、ETFEにおける他の単量体(ただし、フルオロオレフィンを除く。)、エチレンが挙げられる。
フルオロオレフィン系重合体は、前記極性基を含む主鎖末端基を有していてもよく、前記極性基を含む単量体単位を有していてもよい。
従来、透明なフィルムを加工して膜構造物等を製造する際に発生する擦り傷、折れしわ、打痕等やフィルム同士をつなぎ合わせたヒートシールラインは、フィルムの強度に全く影響を与えないにも関わらず、目立ちやすく外観不良の対象になりやすいため、フィルム加工時及び設置時に非常に注意を要する原因となっていた。それらが目立ちにくいことで、膜構造物等の生産性が向上する。
ヘイズを調整する方法は後で詳しく説明する。
可視光線透過率は高いほど好ましく、その上限は特に限定されない。
UV反射率は低いほど好ましく、その下限は特に限定されない。
UV反射率を調整する方法は後で詳しく説明する。
膜構造用フィルムとしてETFEフィルムを用いた膜構造物においては一般的に、膜構造用フィルムに1.5~3MPaの応力がかかるような設計になっている。膜構造物の実環境における膜構造用フィルムの温度は、真夏の晴天時に金属フレームに接している部分の温度が最高温度であり、最大80℃程度である。80℃での10%伸び時の応力が前記下限値以上であれば、膜構造物の実環境においてフィルムが長時間にわたり応力を受けても、フィルムが極端に弛むことを抑制できる。
また、膜構造用フィルムは、機械的強度の観点から、1~10%伸び時の応力が高いことが好ましい。80℃での10%伸び時の応力が前記下限値以上であれば、フィルムの機械的強度に優れ、フィルム間の骨材のスパンを長くでき、視覚的な解放感が得られやすい。
一方、80℃での10%伸び時の応力が前記下限値未満である場合、膜構造用フィルムをテンション方式(単層)で設置する場合に、フィルムの展張方法について、多くの注意を必要とする。クッション方式では、設置後に層間に空気を導入して雨や雪に対応する張力を導入できるため、窪みが発生してその部分に雨が堆積するようなポンディングが防げる。しかし、テンション方式においては通常、導入される張力は初期に導入される張力が全てであり、設置後にフィルムが緩んできたときに改めて張力を付与する操作を行うことは想定されていない。よって、設置時に如何にフィルムを上下左右に伸ばして張力を導入できるかが重要である。張力を導入する方法としては、上下左右の4辺のうちの1辺を固定し、残りの3辺を人力で引っ張りながら固定化する方法や、4辺を固定化した後に、円弧状の突出しポールを挿入してフィルムに膨らみを持たせる方法が用いられる。設置の簡便さやフィルムの破れを抑える観点からは、クッション方式が好ましい。
一般的なETFEの融点は250~270℃であるので、ETFEフィルムは通常、火災時に発生する煙の温度が200℃以下、特に150℃以下となる部分でのみ使用される。そのため、最大使用温度として150℃を設定して熱寸法変化率を測定している。
膜構造物の実環境における膜構造用フィルムの温度は、前記したように、最大80℃程度である。プラスチックは熱が上がると熱膨張する。ETFEの線膨張係数をおおよそ1×10-4と仮定すれば、23℃のフィルムが仮に80℃になったとすれば、0.6%ほど膨張すると考えられる。熱寸法変化率がマイナスの値であるフィルムは、熱を受けると収縮する。例えばMD及びTD各々の寸法変化率が-2%であるフィルムは、仮に寸法変化率が温度に比例するとすれば、23℃から80℃の熱変化で約0.6~1%程度の収縮が予想され、23℃から80℃の温度域ではフィルムが緩むことはないと考えられる。 このように、MD及びTD各々の熱寸法変化率が前記上限値以下であれば、膜構造物の実環境において、展張された膜構造用フィルムが緩むことを抑制できるので、フィルムを伸ばしながら展張する必要がない。また、展張した後に、ドライヤー等の熱風供給機により60℃~150℃程度の熱風を与えることにより、瞬時に張力を導入することが可能である。一方、MD及びTDの少なくとも一方の熱寸法変化率が-1.0%よりも大きいフィルムの場合は、フィルムを伸ばしながら展張しないと、膜構造物の実環境、特に夏期においてフィルムが緩くなるおそれがある。
MD及びTD各々の熱寸法変化率が前記下限値以上であれば、フィルム同士をヒートシールにより接合する際に、フィルムにシワが発生しにくく、予定した寸法通りの形状になりやすい。
膜構造用フィルムは、膜構造物を構成する膜材として用いられる。膜構造物は、屋根、外壁等の少なくとも一部を膜材で構成した建築物である。膜構造物としては、例えば、スポーツ施設(プール、体育館、テニスコート、サッカー場、アメリカンフットボールの競技場等)、倉庫、集会場、展示場、園芸施設(園芸ハウス、農業用ハウス等)、ショッピングセンター、駐車場、駐輪場、動物園、畜舎が挙げられる。
本フィルムは、膜構造用フィルムのほか、例えば野外劇場のスクリーン、ヨットの帆布、道路標識、離型フィルムに使用できる。
ヘイズが1.2~8.0%、UV反射率が17.0%未満、厚さが250~400μmのフィルムを製造するにあたっては、(1)ETFEの組成からのアプローチ、(2)フィルムの成形方法からのアプローチ、(3)(1)~(2)の双方からのアプローチがある。
このようにして成形されるフィルムのヘイズやUV反射率は、フィルムを構成するETFEの組成や成形時の冷却速度により変化する。ETFEの組成はETFEの結晶性に影響する。先述したTFE/Eのモル比を1からずらす、あるいは他の単量体を重合させる等によって、TFEとEの交互共重合性から逸脱させた場合、ETFEの結晶性が低くなり、フィルムのヘイズとUV反射率が低くなる。ETFEの結晶性が高い場合でも、フィルム成形時に、より急速冷却することで、ETFEの結晶成長が抑制され、フィルムのヘイズとUV反射率が低くなる。また、フィルム表面を平滑に成形できれば、ヘイズがより低くなる。
例えば、ETFE中の他の単量体単位の含有量が多くなると、ETFEの結晶性が低くなり、後述する成形方法2(一般的な成形方法)でETFEを成形した場合でも、前記したヘイズとUV反射率を満たすフィルムを製造できる。
成形方法2によって前記したヘイズとUV反射率を満たすフィルムを製造する場合、他の単量体単位の合計含有量は、TFE単位とE単位との合計100モル%に対して2.5モル%超が好ましく、3モル%以上が特に好ましい。
他の単量体単位の合計含有量は、TFE単位とE単位との合計100モル%に対して7モル%以下が好ましく、6モル%以下がより好ましく、4モル%以下が特に好ましい。
溶融物を急速冷却するには、例えば、後述する成形方法1でETFEを成形する。成形方法1では、溶融物を、対になった2つのロールの間を通過させるので、急速冷却が可能である。成形方法2の場合、溶融物の一方の面のみがロールと接触するため、急速冷却が難しい。
急速冷却する際、ETFEの結晶化温度の±20℃の領域における降温速度は、5℃/秒以上が好ましく、10℃/秒以上が特に好ましい。
以下に、成形方法1、2についてより詳しく説明する。
成形方法1では、ETFEを溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、対になった2つのロールの間を通過させて冷却する。これによりフィルムが得られる。
2つのロールの一方は剛体ロールで、他方は弾性ロールである。
一般的には、2つのロールの一方が溶融物を引き取る引取ロール(以下、「C1ロール」とも記す。)であり、他方のロールが、C1ロールに溶融物を押し付ける押付ロール(以下、「C0ロール」とも記す。)である。C1ロールが剛体ロールで、C0ロールが弾性ロールであってもよく、C1ロールが弾性ロールで、C0ロールが剛体ロールであってもよい。なお、C0ロールはバックアップロールとも言われる。
C1ロール、C0ロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能である。
必要に応じて、C1ロールの後段にC2ロールを設け、C1ロールに沿って移動し冷却された溶融物(フィルム)をC1ロールから剥離させ、更にC2ロールにて冷却する。C2ロールも熱媒により表面温度を調節可能である。C2ロールは、フィルムをC1ロールから剥離させると共に、フィルムの冷却速度を幅方向に均一とさせる働きがあるため、温度調節機能を持たせている。
図1は、成形方法1で用いる成形装置の一実施形態を示す概略図である。
この成形装置10は、押出機11と、押出機11に接続されたダイ13と、対になったC1ロール15及びC0ロール17と、C2ロール19と、巻取機(図示略)とを備える。
C1ロール15及びC0ロール17は、それらの間に、ダイ13からシート状に押し出された溶融物1が通過できるように配置されている。
ダイ13は、押出機11で溶融させたETFEをシート状に賦形する。ダイ13としては、たとえばフラットダイ(「Tダイ」ともいう。)が挙げられる。
剛体ロールの一例として、回転軸に取り付けられた内筒と、内筒の外側に配置された外筒とを備え、内筒と外筒との間に熱媒(冷媒)を流通又は保持するように構成されたロールが挙げられる。かかる剛体ロールにおいては、任意の温度に加熱又は冷却された熱媒を内筒と外筒との間に流通させることにより、又は内筒と外筒との間に保持された熱媒を任意の温度に加熱又は冷却することにより、外筒の表面温度、つまり剛体ロールの表面温度を制御できるようになっている。
剛体ロールが金属製の場合、剛体ロールの表面は、硬さを増すために、セラミックコーティング、セラミック焼結、セラミック蒸着、超硬金属溶射、メッキ、浸炭、窒化等の表面改質を施されていてもよい。
C1ロール15の表面粗さは、算術平均粗さRa及び最大高さRyのどちらかで管理される。Raは、JIS B0601:2001に準拠して測定される。Ryは、JIS B0601:1994に準拠して測定される。
C1ロール15表面のRaは、0.8μm以下が好ましく、0.5μm以下が特に好ましく、0.3μm以下が特に好ましい。
C1ロール15表面のRyは、1s以下が好ましく、0.3s未満が特に好ましい。
外筒、内筒はそれぞれ、剛体ロールで挙げたものと同様であってよい。
被覆を構成する材料(ゴム、エラストマー、プラスチック)のヤング率(=引張弾性率)は、1~5×104MPaが好ましく、3~5×103MPaが特に好ましい。
可撓性金属ロールとしては、更に軟質下地の内側に熱媒(冷媒)を流通又は保持するように構成されたロールが好ましい。
外筒は、剛体ロールで挙げたものと同様であってよい。例えば、ニッケル合金の外側にクロムメッキしたものが挙げられる。
軟質下地がゴム又はエラストマーである場合、軟質下地の厚さは、0.5mm以上が好ましく、1~30mmがより好ましく、2~20mmが特に好ましい。軟質下地の厚さが前記範囲の下限値以上であれば、溶融物1が剛体ロールと弾性ロールとの間を通過する際に、弾性ロールが充分に変形し、内部ひずみが生じにくい。軟質下地の厚さが前記範囲の上限値以下であれば、熱媒との温度交換性に優れる。
C0ロール17の表面粗さは、C1ロール15の表面粗さと同様に、算術平均粗さRa及び最大高さRyのどちらかで管理される。
C0ロール17表面のRaは、0.8μm以下が好ましく、0.5μm以下が特に好ましく、0.3μm以下が特に好ましい。
C0ロール17表面のRyは、1s以下が好ましく、0.3s未満が特に好ましい。
C2ロール19としては、特に制限はなく、例えば前記した剛体ロール、弾性ロール等を使用できる。
成形装置10を用いたフィルムの成形方法について説明する。
ETFEを押出機11に供給し、押出機11内で溶融させる。押出機11に供給するETFEに予め他の成分が配合されていてもよく、押出機11にETFEとともに他の成分を供給してもよい。
次いで、押出機11内の溶融物を連続的にダイ13に供給してシート状に押し出す。押し出された溶融物1を、ダイ13の下方に配置され、C1ロール15とC0ロール17との間に通過させる。C1ロール15とC0ロール17とは、所定の線圧で押し付けられており、それらの間を溶融物が通過する際、溶融物1がC0ロール17によってC1ロール15の表面に密着する。また、C1ロール15及びC0ロール17によって溶融物1が両面から冷却される。
C1ロール15とC0ロール17との間を通過した溶融物1は、所定の速度で回転するC1ロール15に沿って移動しながら更に冷却される。冷却された溶融物1(フィルム)は、C2ロール19によって、C1ロール15から剥離され、必要に応じて更に冷却され、巻取機(図示略)へと移送される。
ダイ13内の温度の好ましい範囲も同様である。
ダイ13の吐出口の隙間は、得られるフィルムの厚さが250~400μmとなるように設定される。
成形時のC1ロール15の表面温度は通常、熱媒温度よりも高く、溶融物1の温度よりは低くなる。
成形時のC0ロール17の表面温度は通常、熱媒温度よりも高く、溶融物1の温度よりは低くなる。
C1ロール15とC0ロール17との間を通過する直前の溶融物1の温度は、ダイ13内の温度、エアギャップ等により調整できる。エアギャップは、ダイ13の出口から冷却点までの距離である。冷却点は、ダイから押し出された溶融物1が最初にロール(2つのロールの一方または両方)と接する位置である。
エアギャップは、200mm以下が好ましく、150mm以下が特に好ましい。
成形時のC2ロール19の表面温度は通常、熱媒温度よりも高く、フィルム温度よりは低くなる。
成形方法2では、ETFEを溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、その片面をC1ロールに接触させて冷却する。必要に応じて、C1ロールの後段にC2ロールを設け、C1ロールに沿って移動し冷却された溶融物(フィルム)をC1ロールから剥離させ、更にC2ロールにて冷却する。これによりフィルムが得られる。
図2は、成形方法2で用いる成形装置の一実施形態を示す概略図である。
この成形装置20は、押出機11と、押出機11に接続されたダイ13と、C1ロール15と、C2ロール19と、巻取機(図示略)とを備える。
成形装置20は、C0ロール17を備えていない以外は、図1の成形装置10と同様である。
成形装置20を用いたフィルムの成形方法について説明する。
ETFEを押出機11に供給し、押出機11内で溶融させる。押出機11に供給するETFEに予め他の成分が配合されていてもよく、押出機11にETFEとともに他の成分を供給してもよい。
次いで、押出機11内の溶融物を連続的にダイ13に供給してシート状に押し出す。押し出された溶融物1を、ダイ13の下方に配置されたC1ロール15で引き取る。この際、C1ロール15によって溶融物1が片面から冷却される。
C1ロール15で引き取られた溶融物1は、所定の速度で回転するC1ロール15に沿って移動しながら更に冷却される。冷却された溶融物1(フィルム)は、C2ロール19によって、C1ロール15から剥離され、必要に応じて更に冷却され、巻取機(図示略)へと移送される。
成形時のC1ロール15の表面温度は通常、熱媒温度よりも高い温度となる。
C1ロール15の表面温度以外の条件は、成形方法1と同様であってよい。
上述の通り、結晶性の低い組成のETFEを用いる(1)のアプローチではC1ロール15及びC0ロール17の熱媒温度を比較的高く設定でき、冷却速度の許容範囲が広くなる。他方、急速冷却を行う(2)のアプローチでは、ETFEの組成についての許容範囲が広くなる。
よって、C1ロール15の熱媒温度とC0ロール17の熱媒温度との平均、又はC0ロール17を用いない場合にはC1ロール15の熱媒温度とC2ロール19の熱媒温度との平均をT(℃)とし、ETFEの融点をM(℃)としたとき、TとMとの積であるT×Mが31,000以下であることが好ましく、30,000以下であることがより好ましい。また、T×Mは10,000以上であることが好ましく、12,000以上であることがより好ましく、13,000以上であることが更に好ましく、14,000以上であることが特に好ましい。
(光学特性)
ヘイズは、日本電色工業社製 濁度計 NDH-5000を用い、JIS K7136:2000に準拠して測定した。
UV反射率及び可視光線透過率は、島津製作所社製の紫外可視分光光度計UV-3600PCを用い、DIN EN 410:1998に準拠して測定した。
UV吸収剤層を形成したフィルムは、UV吸収剤層を形成した側とは反対側(ETFE面)から光が入射する方向にて光学特性を測定した。
フロートガラス:ヘイズ0.8%、UV反射率7.4%、可視光線透過率91.7%。 Low-E複層ガラス:ヘイズ1.2%、UV反射率18.2%、可視光線透過率77.2%。
熱寸法変化率は、JIS K7133:1999「プラスチック-フィルム及びシート-加熱寸法変化測定方法」に準拠して測定した。加熱条件は150℃で10分間とし、フィルムのMDとTDについて測定した。
10%伸び時応力は、80℃おける10%伸び時の応力であり、JIS K7127:1999「プラスチック-引張特性の試験方法-第3部:フィルム及びシートの試験条件」に準拠して測定した。サンプル形状はダンベル型のタイプ5とし、引っ張り速度を200mm/分とし、フィルムのMDとTDについて測定した。なお、測定温度は80℃である。
融点は、走査型示差熱分析計(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製、型式DSC7030)を用いて測定した。
フィルムの厚さは、デジタルマイクロメーター(Precision Technology Inc.製、型式M-30)を用いて測定した。
フィルムを地面に対し垂直に設置した。別途、フィルムからフィルム表面に対して垂直方向に20cm離れた地点の地面に、半径10cmの黒色の円を描いた画用紙を垂直に設置した。その後、フィルムから画用紙とは反対の方向に1m離れた地点から、フィルムを介して画用紙を観察し、黒色の円の視認性を評価した。視認性は、(1)黒色の円の輪郭が明瞭に見えるか否かと、(2)黒色に見えるかグレイ色に見えるか、の2つの指標にて判断した。円の輪郭が明瞭に見え、かつ黒色と判定できるものAとし、輪郭は明瞭に見えるが、グレイ色に見えるものをBとし、A及びBのいずれにも当てはまらないものをCとした。Aのみ使用可能である。
ロータリーアブレージョンテスタ(東洋精機製作所製)を用い、摩耗輪にてフィルムの表面に擦り傷をつけた。摩耗輪はCS10を用い、4.9Nで100回の回転をさせた。その後、フィルムを1m又は3m離れた所から目視で観察し、擦り傷が見えるかどうかを評価した。擦り傷が3m離れた地点から確認できるフィルムをC、1mからは確認できるが、3mでは確認できないフィルムをB、1mでも確認できないフィルムをAとした。BとAが使用可能である。
1辺が50cmの正方形のアルミニウム製枠体を2つ用意した。双方の枠体に、両面粘着テープを貼り、その上に厚さ1mmのブチルゴムを固定した。その後、一方の枠体のブチルゴム上に両面粘着テープを張り付け、その上にフィルムを載せ、更に他方の枠体を、フィルム側にブチルゴムが接するように載せて、4つの角を締めつけた。こうして、フィルムを枠体で挟み込んだ試験体を作製した。この際、フィルムが自重でたわまないように注意した。
次いで、試験体を60℃の高温槽に5分間入れ、その後、25℃で1日放置した。その後、フィルムを指で押した際のフィルムの反発力の強さにより、フィルムに残る張力の大きさを判断した。フィルムが5mm超凹んだ場合はCとし、フィルムが0mm超5mm以下凹んだ場合はBとし、フィルムが全く凹まなかった場合をAとした。凹む量が少ないほど、フィルムに残る張力が大きく、フィルムがたわみにくいため好ましい。なお、厚さ250μmのフィルムには10N、厚さ400μmのフィルムには15Nの力を指先より押し込んだ。AとBが使用可能である。
(製造例1)
容積が430Lのジャケット付きステンレス製重合槽を脱気し、1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの438kg、メタノールの3.35kg、PFBEの2.28kgを仕込み、TFEとEとを84/16(モル比)となるような比率で1.5MPa(ゲージ圧)まで圧入した。重合槽内を66℃に昇温し、ラジカル重合開始剤として2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の1.73Lを仕込み、重合を開始した。重合中は、圧力が一定になるようにTFE/E=54/46(モル比)の混合ガスを連続的に仕込み、この混合ガスに対して1.4モル%となるようにPFBEを連続的に仕込んだ。重合開始から197分後、混合ガスの34.7kgを仕込んだ時点で、重合槽内を25℃まで降温するとともに常圧までパージした。得られたスラリーを850Lの造粒槽に移送し、水の340Lを加え、加熱しながら溶媒を除去し、ETFE1の37kgを得た。ETFE1の組成はTFE単位/E単位/PFBE単位=54/46/1.4(モル比)、融点は262℃、Q値は5.4mm3/秒であった。
重合槽内を昇温する前の1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの仕込み量を436kg、メタノールの仕込み量を2.92kg、PFBEの仕込み量を2.77kgとしたこと、昇温後の2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の仕込み量を2.10L、PFBEの仕込み量を混合ガスに対して1.7モル%としたこと、重合開始から185分後、混合ガスの34.2kgを仕込んだ時点で重合槽内を降温したこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、ETFE2の36kgを得た。ETFE2の組成はTFE単位/E単位/PFBE単位=54/46/1.7(モル比)、融点は258℃、Q値は5.4mm3/秒であった。
重合槽内を昇温する前の1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの仕込み量を436kg、メタノールの仕込み量を2.9kg、PFBEの仕込み量を4.89kg、TFE/Eのモル比を75/25としたこと、昇温後の2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の仕込み量を3.80L、混合ガスのTFE/Eのモル比を51/49、PFBEの仕込み量を混合ガスに対して3.0モル%としたこと、重合開始から189分後、混合ガスの34.7kgを仕込んだ時点で重合槽内を降温したこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、ETFE3の36.5kgを得た。ETFE3の組成は、TFE単位/E単位/PFBE由来の単位=51/49/3.0(モル比)、融点は246℃、Q値は5.4mm3/秒であった。
重合槽内を昇温する前の1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの仕込み量を436kg、メタノールの仕込み量を1.8kg、PFBEの仕込み量を5.3kgとしたこと、昇温後の2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の仕込み量を5.70L、PFBEの仕込み量を混合ガスに対して3.0モル%としたこと、重合開始から190分後、混合ガスの35.7kgを仕込んだ時点で重合槽内を降温したこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、ETFE4の35.9kgを得た。ETFE4の組成は、TFE単位/E単位/PFBE単位=54/46/3.0(モル比)、融点は244℃、Q値は6.4mm3/秒であった。
重合槽内を昇温する前の1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの仕込み量を436kg、メタノールの仕込み量を1.32kg、PFBEの仕込み量を5.0kg、TFE/Eのモル比を89/11としたこと、昇温後の2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の仕込み量を5.34L、混合ガスのTFE/Eのモル比を60/40、PFBEの仕込み量を混合ガスに対して3.0モル%としたこと、重合開始から190分後、混合ガスの36.2kgを仕込んだ時点で重合槽内を降温したこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、ETFE5の36.2kgを得た。ETFE5の組成は、TFE単位/E単位/PFBE単位=60/40/3.3(モル比)、融点は226℃、Q値は12.4mm3/秒であった。
重合槽内を昇温する前の1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの仕込み量を436kg、メタノールの仕込み量を0.8kg、PFBEの仕込み量を8.5kg、TFE/Eのモル比を89/11としたこと、昇温後の2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の仕込み量を9.86L、混合ガスのTFE/Eのモル比を60/40、PFBEの仕込み量を混合ガスに対して5.0モル%としたこと、重合開始から197分後、混合ガスの36.0kgを仕込んだ時点で重合槽内を降温したこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、ETFE6の35.9kgを得た。ETFE6の組成は、TFE単位/E単位/PFBE単位=60/40/5.0(モル比)、融点は210℃、Q値は16.4mm3/秒であった。
重合槽内を昇温する前の1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサンの仕込み量を439kg、メタノールの仕込み量を0.59kg、PFBEの仕込み量を13.6kgとしたこと、昇温後の2質量%のtert-ブチルペルオキシピバレートの1-ヒドロトリデカフルオロヘキサン溶液の仕込み量を15.8L、PFBEの仕込み量を混合ガスに対して8.0モル%としたこと、重合開始から191分後、混合ガスの36.3kgを仕込んだ時点で重合槽内を降温したこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、ETFE7の36.1kgを得た。ETFE7の組成は、TFE単位/E単位/PFBE単位=54/46/8.0(モル比)、融点は191℃、Q値は22.0mm3/秒であった。
(例1)
透明な膜構造用ETFEフィルムであるNOWOFLON ET 6235Z 250(NOWOFOL社製、厚さ250μm)を例1のフィルムとした。
透明な膜構造用ETFEフィルムであるFluon ETFE FILM 250NJ(AGC社製、厚さ250μm)を例2のフィルムとした。
乳白色で片面がマット超で乳白色の膜構造用ETFEフィルムであるFluon ETFE FILM 250HJ(AGC社製、厚さ260μm)を例3のフィルムとした。
製造例1で得たETFE1を、外径32mm、長さ1,445mmのセグメント式スクリューを持つ同方向回転二軸押出機(テクノベル社製)を用いて、温度280℃でスクリュー回転数75rpm、押出量30kg/時間で混錬し、外径2.5±0.5mmのストランドを押し出し、水冷し、その後ペレタイザーを用いて長さ2~3mmにカットしてペレットを成形した。なお、rpmは1分間あたりの回転数を示す。
ETFE1のペレットを、図2に示した、C0ロールを使用しない成形方法2によりフィルムに成形した。具体的な成形手順を以下に示した。
外径65mm、長さ1,950mmのスクリューを持つ単軸押出機の先端に、幅700mmで吐出口の隙間を0.5mmに設定したフィルム形成用ダイを取り付け、材料投入口に真空ホッパー(マツボー社製)を取り付け、真空ホッパー内を0.05MPa以下に保持した。ETFE1のペレットを材料投入口に投入し、押出機先端とフィルム形成用ダイの温度を330℃とし、押出量37kg/時間でETFE1をフィルム形成用ダイから押出し、フィルム形成用ダイ直下に配置されたC1ロールに沿わせて冷却し、更にC2ロールで引き取り、25℃まで冷却することでフィルムを成形した。C1ロールは、表面にハードクロムメッキ(Ry:0.2s)が施された金属製ロールを使用し、熱媒温度を150℃に設定し、引取速度を5m/分とした。C2ロールもハードクロムメッキ(Ry:0.2s)が施された金属製ロールを使用し、熱媒温度を90℃に設定し、引取速度を5m/分(C2/C1引取速度比1)とした。
UV吸収剤として疎水化処理されたシリカ被覆酸化セリウム(シリカ被覆酸化セリウム粒子をメチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサンにて表面疎水化処理した粒子、大東化成工業社製、商品名 SI01-5 セリガードSC6832)の100gを、ETFE1の1900gと混合した。得られた混合物を、同方向回転二軸押出機を用いて、シリンダー温度310℃、ヘッド温度320℃で混錬し、外径2.5±0.5mmのストランドを押し出し、水冷し、その後ペレタイザーを用いて長さ2~3mmにカットして、UV吸収剤を含有するマスターバッチのペレット(UV吸収剤の含有量:マスターバッチの総質量に対して5質量%)を成形した。
このマスターバッチと、例1と同様に製造したETFE1のペレットとを、マスターバッチ:ETFE1=1:9(質量比)で混合した。
得られた混合物をETFE1のペレットの代わりに用いた以外は例4と同様にしてフィルム(UV吸収剤の含有量:フィルムの総質量に対して0.5質量%)を成形した。
水酸基を有する含フッ素重合体のキシレン溶液(AGC社製、商品名LF200、水酸基価31mg(KOH)/g、含フッ素重合体の固形分60質量%、含フッ素重合体のガラス転移温度25℃)に、トルエンと、UV吸収剤としてヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系UV吸収剤(BASFジャパン社製、TINUVIN 479)を添加し、固形分35質量%のコーティング液を調製した。UV吸収剤の添加量は、含フッ素重合体の100質量部に対して13質量部とした。トルエンの添加量は、グラビア版にてグラビア印刷を行うため、3番のザーンカップ粘度が25秒となる量とした。
続いて、例4で成形したフィルムの一方の表面にコロナ放電処理した後、そのコロナ処理面に上記コーティング液を、乾燥後の厚さが2μmとなるようにグラビアロールにて塗布し、100℃で10秒間乾燥してUV吸収剤層を形成した。これにより、UV吸収剤層を有するフィルムを得た。
ETFE1を、例4と同じ方法によりペレット化し、図1に示した成形方法1(C0ロールを使用する方法)によりフィルムに成形した。具体的な成形手順は、ロール構成と熱媒の温度以外は、例4と同様である。C1ロールは例4と同じものを用い、熱媒の温度を90℃とした。C0ロールは、シリコンゴムロール(持田商工株式会社製、MWミラーロール)を用い、C0ロールの熱媒温度も90℃とした。エアギャップは100mmとした。C1ロールとC0ロールとの間を通過する直前の溶融物1の温度は280℃であった。C1ロールとC0ロールとのニップ圧は、線圧で140N/cmであった。
例5と同様にして、マスターバッチとETFE1のペレットとの混合物を得た。得られた混合物をETFE1のペレットの代わりに用いた以外は例7と同様にしてフィルム(UV吸収剤の含有量:フィルムの総質量に対して0.5質量%)を成形した。
例7で成形したフィルムの一方の表面に、例4と同様にしてコロナ放電処理し、UV吸収剤層を形成した。これにより、UV吸収剤層を有するフィルムを得た。
ETFE1の代わりに表1に示すETFEを用い、成形条件(各ロールの熱媒温度、C2/C1引取速度比)、成形するフィルムの厚さを表1に示すようにした以外は例7と同様にしてフィルムを成形した。厚さ400μmのフィルムを成形する例13、18及び19の場合、フィルム形成用ダイの吐出口の隙間は0.8mmに設定した。また、例17、18及び19は、樹脂の融点が低いため、ペレット化する際の押出機の温度を260℃(例4は280℃)、押出機先端とフィルム形成用ダイの温度を300℃(例4は330℃)に設定した。C1ロールとC0ロールとの間を通過する直前の溶融物の温度は、例13は300℃、例17は260℃、例18及び19は280℃であった。
ETFE1の代わりにETFE4を用いた以外は例4と同様にしてフィルムを成形した。
ETFE1の代わりにETFE7を用い、成形条件(各ロールの熱媒温度)を表1に示すようにした以外は、例4と同様にしてフィルムを成形した。例20では、樹脂の融点が低いため、ペレット化する際の押出機の温度を260℃(例4は280℃)、押出機先端とフィルム形成用ダイの温度を290℃(例4は330℃)に設定した。C1ロールとC0ロールとの間を通過する直前の溶融物の温度は、270℃であった。
各例のフィルムの光学特性、熱寸法変化率、80℃における10%伸び時の応力を表2に示す。また、フィルム越しの意匠性、擦り傷の目立ちにくさ、及び60℃放置後のたわみの評価結果を表2に示す。
表1中の「熱媒温度の平均T(℃)」は、C1ロール15の熱媒温度とC0ロール17の熱媒温度との平均、又はC0ロール17を用いない場合にはC1ロール15の熱媒温度とC2ロール19の熱媒温度との平均を表す。
一方、市販の膜構造用ETFEフィルムである例1~3のフィルムは、ヘイズが8.0%を超えており、フィルム越しの意匠性に劣っていた。また、UV反射率が17.0%を超えていた。
例4~6のフィルムは、ヘイズが8.0%を超えており、フィルム越しの意匠性に劣っていた。特に例4のフィルムは、UV反射率が17.0%を超えていた。
例20のフィルムは、ヘイズが1.2%未満であるので、擦り傷が目立ちやすかった。
本発明のフィルムによれば、透明でクリア感に優れ、目に優しい膜構造物を容易に展張できる。
本開示における全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本開示中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (11)
- テトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位とエチレンに基づく単位とを有する共重合体を含み、
ヘイズが1.2~8.0%であり、
紫外線反射率が17.0%未満であり、
厚さが250~400μmであることを特徴とするフィルム。 - 23℃における寸法を基準とし、150℃で10分間加熱し、その後23℃まで冷却した際のMD及びTD各々の寸法変化率が-3.5~-1.0%である、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- MD及びTD各々の10%伸び時の応力が、80℃において3.0MPa以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム。
- 前記共重合体の含有量が、前記フィルムの総質量に対して90質量%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記共重合体が、テトラフルオロエチレン及びエチレン以外の他の単量体に基づく単位を有し、
前記他の単量体に基づく単位の合計含有量が、前記テトラフルオロエチレンに基づく単位と前記エチレンに基づく単位との合計に対して1~7モル%である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。 - 膜構造用である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムの製造方法であって、
前記共重合体を溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、対になった2つのロールの間を通過させて冷却し、
前記2つのロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記2つのロールの一方が剛体ロールで、他方が弾性ロールであり、
前記2つのロールが0.1~1,000N/cmの線圧で押し付けられており、
前記2つのロールの間を通過する直前の前記溶融物の温度が200~330℃であり、
前記2つのロールそれぞれの熱媒温度の平均が40~180℃であることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。 - 前記2つのロールの間を通過させて冷却した後、後段に配置される後段ロールに接触させて更に冷却し、
前記後段ロールは熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記後段ロールの熱媒温度が100℃以下である、請求項7に記載のフィルムの製造方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムの製造方法であって、
前記共重合体を溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、剛体ロール又は弾性ロールと後段に配置される後段ロールとに接触させて冷却し、
前記剛体ロール又は弾性ロール、及び前記後段ロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記剛体ロール又は弾性ロールに接触する直前の前記溶融物の温度が200~330℃であり、
前記剛体ロール又は弾性ロールの熱媒温度と前記後段ロールの熱媒温度との平均が40~180℃であることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。 - 前記後段ロールの熱媒温度が100℃以下である、請求項9に記載のフィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムの製造方法であって、
前記共重合体を溶融させて溶融物を得て、前記溶融物を、シート状に賦形するダイを通して連続的に押し出し、対になった剛体ロールと弾性ロールとの間を通過させて冷却するか、又は、剛体ロール若しくは弾性ロールと後段に配置される後段ロールとに接触させて冷却し、
前記剛体ロール、弾性ロール及び後段ロールはそれぞれ熱媒により表面温度を調節可能であり、
前記剛体ロールと前記弾性ロールの間を通過する直前、又は前記剛体ロール若しくは前記弾性ロールに接触する直前の前記溶融物の温度が200~330℃であり、
前記共重合体の融点Mが200℃以上であり、
前記剛体ロールの熱媒温度と前記弾性ロールの熱媒温度との平均、又は、前記剛体ロール若しくは弾性ロールの熱媒温度と前記後段ロールの熱媒温度との平均をT(℃)としたとき、T×Mが31,000以下であることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。
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JP2022517035A JP7511118B2 (ja) | 2020-04-22 | 2021-04-19 | フィルム及びその製造方法 |
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CN115605532B (zh) | 2024-06-25 |
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KR20220155598A (ko) | 2022-11-23 |
JP7511118B2 (ja) | 2024-07-05 |
CN115605532A (zh) | 2023-01-13 |
US20230065010A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
EP4141052A4 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
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