WO2021203303A1 - 一种新型集装箱吊装设备 - Google Patents

一种新型集装箱吊装设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021203303A1
WO2021203303A1 PCT/CN2020/083777 CN2020083777W WO2021203303A1 WO 2021203303 A1 WO2021203303 A1 WO 2021203303A1 CN 2020083777 W CN2020083777 W CN 2020083777W WO 2021203303 A1 WO2021203303 A1 WO 2021203303A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
spreader
cylinder
rod
box
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/083777
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苗林展
Original Assignee
苗林展
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 苗林展 filed Critical 苗林展
Priority to PCT/CN2020/083777 priority Critical patent/WO2021203303A1/zh
Publication of WO2021203303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021203303A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
    • B66C13/10—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for preventing cable slack
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B51/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by other non-mechanical means
    • E05B51/02—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by other non-mechanical means by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/50—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators
    • E05F15/53—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using fluid-pressure actuators for swinging wings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hoisting and hoisting, in particular to a new type of container hoisting equipment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is a new type of container hoisting equipment designed to solve the above technical deficiencies.
  • a new type of container hoisting equipment designed by the present invention includes a spreader, one end of the spreader is equipped with a door opening and closing device, and the other end is equipped with an end plate protection mechanism.
  • the door opening and closing mechanism includes an overturning frame and an overturning cylinder mounted on one end of the spreader.
  • the top end of the inclined plate at the top of the overturning frame is hinged with the end of the piston rod of the overturning cylinder.
  • the hinge seat is hinged with pins, and the corresponding sides of the flip frame are equipped with door switch cylinders.
  • the ends of the piston rods of the two box door switch cylinders are hinged with pins to lock the container door lock rods.
  • the box door lock rod driving device that causes the box door lock rod to rotate, the piston rod of the box door switch cylinder is telescopic and drives the box door lock rod driving device to turn inward or outward.
  • the box door lock rod driving device includes a positioning frame, two rotating shafts, two box door lock rod holding devices, and two lock rod rotation cylinders; and the piston rod of the box door switch cylinder penetrates through one end of the side wall of the positioning frame After the positioning hole, it is hinged with the other end of the side wall of the positioning frame; the middle part of the positioning frame is provided with a partition plate to form two upper and lower installation cavities.
  • Each box door lock lever holding device is located in each installation cavity, and the upper part is installed
  • the upper and lower side walls of the cavity at one end in the direction of the center line of the door are provided with first arc-shaped holes corresponding to each other, and the upper and lower side walls at the end in the hinge direction of the lower installation cavity are both provided There are second arc holes with corresponding positions.
  • the positions of the first arc holes and the positions of the second arc holes correspond to the positions of the two lock levers on the door; the two ends of a rotating shaft are respectively inserted into the two first In the arc-shaped hole, the two ends of the other rotating shaft are respectively inserted into the two second arc-shaped holes, and the two rotating shafts are equipped with the box door lock rod holding device, and the two lock rod rotating cylinders are respectively fixed on the side of the two installation chambers.
  • the piston rod end connecting sleeves of the two lock rod rotating oil cylinders are respectively sleeved on the two rotating shafts, and the piston rod telescopic drives the box door lock rod holding device to rotate.
  • the two box door lock rod holding devices each include two holding parts and a holding oil cylinder, the two holding parts are combined with each other to form a Y-shaped holding assembly, and the holding assembly has a longitudinal part and an inclined part between Through hole, and the holding component is sleeved on the rotating shaft through the through hole, one end of the cylinder body of the holding cylinder is hinged with the pin on the top end of the inclined part of one holding part, and the other end of the piston rod is inclined with the other holding part
  • the top end of the two holding parts are hinged with the pin shaft; the inner side of the bottom end of the longitudinal part of the two holding parts is provided with an arc-shaped groove that matches the circle of the lock lever of the box door; there are two positioning positions on the positioning frame and the side of the partition facing the box door And the two positioning grooves respectively correspond to the positions of the first arc-shaped hole and the second arc-shaped hole, a limit plate is arranged at the position of the arc groove on the holding member, and the limit plate is arranged
  • it also includes a displacement limiting mechanism for limiting the displacement stroke of the rotating shaft in the lower installation cavity along the second arc-shaped hole track.
  • the displacement limit mechanism includes a limit cylinder, a rotating limit plate, a limit support and a limit pin shaft;
  • the limit pin shaft is installed on the partition of the positioning frame through the limit support and is located in the second arc The side of the shaped hole;
  • the rotating limit plate is sleeved on the limit pin shaft by its perforation;
  • the cylinder end of the limit cylinder is installed on the partition of the positioning frame through the cylinder support, and the end of the piston rod is connected to the rotation limit
  • the plate is hinged with a pin shaft;
  • the bottom surface of the rotation limit plate has two limit baffles arranged at intervals corresponding to each other, and the two limit baffles are respectively located on both sides of the rotating shaft;
  • the end of the rotating shaft is from the second The arc-shaped hole protrudes, and its end is located at the limit of the restricted baffle.
  • the box protection mechanism includes an end plate protection mechanism that compresses the outer side wall of the end wall plate of the container, and the end plate protection mechanism is installed at the other end of the spreader.
  • the end plate protection mechanism includes a compression plate and a compression oil cylinder installed at the other end of the spreader.
  • the other end of the spreader is hinged with the pin on the top of the compression plate through a hinge seat to compress the end of the piston rod of the oil cylinder. It is hinged with the pin at the top of the inclined plate on the top of the compression plate.
  • the other end of the spreader is equipped with a locking mechanism for locking the pressing plate.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking cylinder fixed on the left and right sides of the other end of the spreader, and a locking pin fixed at the end of the piston rod of the locking cylinder. Locking pin holes on the left and right sides respectively corresponding to the position of the locking pin, the piston rod of the locking cylinder extends to prompt the locking pin to be inserted into the locking pin hole to lock the pressing plate.
  • the box protection mechanism also includes two corresponding first box protection plates, a first connecting rod, and a box protection cylinder.
  • the box protection cylinder is installed on the bottom of the mounting groove on the top of the spreader.
  • the top of the first box protection plate is located on the front and back sides of the spreader, and the two ends of the first connecting rod respectively penetrate the front and rear side walls of the installation slot and are fixedly connected to the tops of the two first box protection plates;
  • the first connecting rod A first tilt frame is fixed in the middle of the box, and the end of the piston rod of the box protection oil cylinder is hinged with the top pin of the first tilt frame.
  • the box protection mechanism further includes two corresponding second box protection plates, a second connecting rod and a linkage rod.
  • the tops of the two second box protection plates are located on the front and rear sides of the spreader.
  • the box body protection plate and the second box body protection plate are spaced apart from each other, and the two ends of the second connecting rod respectively penetrate the front and rear side walls of the mounting groove and are fixedly connected to the tops of the two second box body protection plates;
  • a second inclined frame is fixed in the middle part, and the two ends of the linkage rod are respectively sleeved on the horizontal rod of the first inclined frame and the horizontal rod of the second inclined frame.
  • each lifting point locking shaft mechanism corresponds to the position of each key hole on the top surface of the container.
  • each lifting point locking shaft mechanism corresponds to the position of each key hole on the top surface of the container.
  • a flip lock baffle is provided on the spreader.
  • a new type of container hoisting equipment designed by the present invention has the function of automatically opening and closing the door of the container and preventing the deformation of the container body when the structure is applied to the container turnover operation, and its overall structure can meet the requirements of the transportation operation of "distribution to assembly".
  • the door switch requirements for tilting and loading and unloading of bulk cargo are required.
  • the container When unloading is required, the container should be tilted into a vertical position with the container mouth facing down, and the door switch mechanism and the lock lever locking mechanism of the door can be used to cooperate with each other to automatically make the door automatically Slowly open; when loading is needed, tilt the container into a vertical position, with the mouth of the container facing upwards, and press the protective plate and compression plate of the box body on the side wall and end wall of the door respectively to carry out loading
  • the door opening and closing mechanism and the lock lever locking mechanism of the box door are used to automatically close the box door.
  • the pressure plate and the box body protection plate are set to prevent the box body from being installed vertically.
  • the end wall, side wall and top plate all protrude to the outside, causing deformation or permanent deformation of the box body, so as to avoid the "bulging belly" of the box body.
  • the box door switch, the box body protection plate and the pressure plate All are non-manual operations, so that the hoisting equipment has the characteristics of high efficiency, safety, controllable operation and better protection.
  • an automatic lock lever rotation mechanism has been added, so that when the container mouth that needs to be opened or closed is in a low position, the handle is manually locked on the automatic lock lever rotation mechanism, and the automatic lock lever rotation mechanism automatically rotates the box through the lock lever handle.
  • the door lock lever is used to lock or unlock the lock head of the lock lever and the lock seat of the container, so that if the container is loaded with the container mouth facing upwards, there is no need to manually climb to a high position to rotate the lock lever. The effect is to avoid safety accidents caused by manually climbing to a high position.
  • the lock lever rotates to automatically rotate and cooperate with the door opening and closing device to further improve the work efficiency and the safety of the operation during the operation of the container door.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment (1)
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment (two);
  • Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation method of the handle of the box door lock lever of the embodiment (1);
  • Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation method of the handle of the lock lever of the box door of the embodiment (2);
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation method of the handle of the box door lock lever of the embodiment (3);
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the open state of the box door of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the pressing plate of the embodiment being pressed on the end plate of the box body;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the box door opening and closing device of the embodiment (1);
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the box door opening and closing device of the embodiment (2).
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box door opening and closing device of the embodiment (3);
  • FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the lower installation cavity with a lock rod rotating cylinder and a lock rod holding device, and a limiting device installed on the partition plate;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the lock rod holding device at the second arc-shaped hole of the embodiment
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of the lock rod rotating cylinder and the lock rod holding device installed in the upper installation cavity of the embodiment;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the holding member of the embodiment.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting device of the embodiment (1).
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting device of the embodiment (2).
  • Figure 18 is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting point locking shaft mechanism of the embodiment (1);
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting point locking shaft mechanism of the embodiment (2).
  • Figure 20 is a structural diagram of the installation and locking mechanism of the spreader of the embodiment (1);
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation and locking mechanism of the spreader of the embodiment (2);
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreader of the embodiment (1).
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreader of the embodiment (2).
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreader of the embodiment (3).
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreader of the embodiment (4).
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the protection board of the embodiment.
  • Fig. 27 is a schematic structural view of the container and the spreader being turned upright in the embodiment.
  • the new type of container lifting equipment described in this embodiment includes a spreader 1.
  • One end of the spreader 1 is equipped with a door switch device 2 that controls and automatically opens the door of the container.
  • a box protection mechanism 3 for compressing and protecting the outer side wall of the container is also installed on the tool 1.
  • the spreader 11 consists of the spreader carrying the lifting points 111, the longitudinal beams 112 on both sides of the spreader, the middle connecting beam 113, the beam near the box door 114, the beam near the box end 115, the longitudinal beam 116 of the middle protective box, and the turning
  • the locking stop 117 and the spreader end beam structure 118 are composed.
  • the lifting point 111 of the spreader is the node connecting the container turning host, and is also the maximum stress point of all components and the fully loaded container load, and needs to meet the requirements of strength and rigidity.
  • the longitudinal beams 112 on both sides of the spreader, the connecting beam 113 in the middle, the beam 114 near the box door, the beam 115 near the box end, and the longitudinal beam 116 of the middle protective box are combined into a whole.
  • a box door opening and closing mechanism 2 is installed adjacent to the box door cross beam 114 and the spreader end beam structure 118 on the side.
  • the end plate protection mechanism and the end plate locking mechanism 32 of the box body protection mechanism 3 are installed near the box end cross beam 115 and the spreader end beam structure 118 on the side.
  • the side panel protection mechanism 33 in the box body protection assembly 3 is installed on the middle protective box longitudinal beam 116. At the same time, the end panel protection mechanism and the side panel protection mechanism are combined to prevent the container box top panel from deforming.
  • the turning locking baffle 117 provided on the longitudinal beams 112 on both sides of the spreader is a locking structure when the main structure 11 of the spreader is turned upright. Both ends of the two spreader end beam structures 118 are equipped with lifting point locking shaft mechanisms 12, and the four corners of the bottom surface of the spreader are equipped with lifting point locking shaft mechanisms, and each lifting point locking shaft mechanism is connected to the container respectively.
  • the positions of the lock holes on the top surface correspond to each other; among them, the lifting point lock shaft mechanism 12 is rotated by the lifting point, the lock shaft 121, the lock shaft rotation handle 122, the rotation lock cylinder pin 123, the rotation lock cylinder assembly 124, and the rotation lock cylinder support 125 It is composed of a lock shaft angle pointer 126.
  • the lifting point rotation lock shaft 121 is inserted into the lock holes of the four corners of the container, and under the action of the rotation lock cylinder assembly 124, the lifting point rotation lock shaft 121 is rotated through the rotation lock cylinder pin 123 and the lock shaft rotation handle 122, and the lifting point rotation lock
  • the hook of the shaft locks the container, and the shaft-locking angle pointer 126 can indicate the joint status of the two sides.
  • a hinged seat 214 is fixed on the side of a spreader end beam structure 118 on the spreader
  • the door opening and closing mechanism includes a turning frame 212 and a turning cylinder 211 installed at one end of the spreader, and the top end of the inclined plate 215 on the top of the turning frame Pin hinged with the end of the piston rod of the turning cylinder, the top of the turning frame is hinged with the hinge seat 214 at one end of the spreader, and the corresponding left and right sides of the turning frame are equipped with door switch cylinders 221,
  • the ends of the piston rods of the two box door switch cylinders 221 are hinged with pin shafts to lock the box door lock lever of the container to drive the box door lock lever to rotate after the box door lock lever drive device 22, and the piston of the box door switch cylinder 221
  • the rod telescoping drives the box door lock rod driving device 22 to turn inside or outside.
  • the vertical rotation of the turning frame 213 is realized through the hinged structure of the hinge seat 214 and turning frame pin shaft, approaching or leaving the box door, in preparation for the subsequent opening and closing of the box door.
  • the door opening and closing cylinders are set to four, and the door opening and closing cylinders 221 are hinged on the cylinder supports 222 on the left and right sides of the flip frame through the cylinder pins 223 respectively.
  • the door cylinder pin 223 of the cylinder head is loosely hinged with the elongated hole 2241 on the positioning frame 224.
  • the box door lock rod driving device 22 includes a positioning frame 224, two rotating shafts 26, two box door lock rod holding devices 23, and two lock rod rotation cylinders 234; and the piston rod of the box door switch cylinder After passing through the long positioning hole at one end of the side wall of the positioning frame, it is hinged with the other end of the side wall of the positioning frame 224; The tightening device 23 is located in each installation cavity.
  • the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the upper installation cavity close to the center line of the box door are provided with first arc-shaped holes 226 at positions corresponding to each other.
  • the upper side wall and the lower side wall at one end of the door hinge direction are both provided with second arc-shaped holes 227 at positions corresponding to each other.
  • both ends of one rotating shaft are inserted into the two first arc-shaped holes respectively, and both ends of the other rotating shaft are inserted into the two second arc-shaped holes respectively, and both rotating shafts are installed with box door lock levers to hold tightly.
  • the piston rods of the two container door switch cylinder assemblies 221 on the left side first carry out a synchronous extension action, and the lock rod holding device 23 on the left side moves in the same way as the left side.
  • the side door and door lock rods are joined together, and the piston rods of the two lock rod rotating cylinders on the left side door respectively drive the two rotating shafts on the left side door along the first arc hole and the second arc.
  • the arc trajectory of the hole is displaced to meet the rotation requirements of the lock lever of the left box door.
  • the lock lever and the container are unlocked, and the piston rods of the two box door switch cylinder assemblies 221 on the left side retract to drive the positioning frame to the outside.
  • the piston rods of the two door switch cylinder assemblies 221 on the right first perform synchronous telescopic action, and the lock lever holding device 23 on the right acts to engage with the lock lever of the left door and box door.
  • the piston rods of the two lock rod rotating cylinders at the right side door respectively drive the two rotating shafts on the right side door to move along the arc trajectory of the first arc hole and the second arc hole, thereby
  • the piston rods of the two container door switch cylinder assemblies 221 on the right side retract to drive the positioning frame to flip outward to open the right container door ; If you need to automatically close the door, the piston rod of the door switch cylinder extends to turn the door inward to close the door. Further according to the above steps, the left and right door switches can be opened and closed in sequence.
  • the rotation angle of the lock rod on the side of the center line between the two doors is determined by the opening range of the corresponding first arc hole on the positioning frame 224, and the rotation angle of the lock rod on the hinge line of the door is determined by the positioning frame 224.
  • the opening range of the corresponding second arc hole is determined by the position of the rotation limiting plate 255 in the rotation limiting mechanism 25, and the length of the second arc hole is longer than that of the first arc hole.
  • a box door lock lever on the center line of the box door rotates toward the center of the box door, and a box door lock lever on the hinge of the box door rotates toward the door hinge; at the same time, the rotation direction of the lock lever depends on the direction of the handle on the lock lever. .
  • the two box door lock rod holding devices each include two holding parts 233 and a holding oil cylinder 231.
  • the two holding parts are combined with each other to form a Y-shaped holding assembly.
  • One end of the cylinder of the holding cylinder is hinged with the pin on the top end of the inclined part of the holding part, and the other end of the piston rod is connected to the other holding part.
  • the top end of the inclined part of the two holding parts is hinged with a pin; the inner side of the bottom end of the longitudinal part of the two holding parts is provided with an arc-shaped slot 232 that matches the circle of the lock lever of the box door.
  • the holding oil cylinder 231 performs a telescopic action to realize the relative rotation of the two holding parts, and further hold the lock rod, so that the lock rod holding device 23 is fixedly joined to the box door, and then fixedly joined to the box door through the positioning frame 224 , To meet the requirements of the box door can be rotated.
  • two positioning slots 100 are provided on the positioning frame and on the side of the partition facing the door, and the two positioning slots correspond to the positions of the first arc-shaped hole and the second arc-shaped hole, and hold tightly.
  • a limit plate 236 is provided at the position of the arc groove 232 on the piece, and the limit plate 236 is inserted into the positioning groove; wherein the positioning groove adopts a circular arc positioning groove, and the width of the positioning groove is greater than the diameter of the lock rod.
  • the tightening piece rotates around the center of the rotation axis and the holding device swings.
  • the limit plate can interfere with the inner side wall of the positioning slot to reach the swing range of the limiting holding device, making it easier to lock the two holding pieces after they are opened.
  • the rod is placed between the arc-shaped grooves of the two holding parts to facilitate holding the lock rod of the box door; in addition, to make the lock rod more convenient to rotate after holding it tightly, glue can be glued on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped groove to fix the rubber friction
  • the inner surface of the rubber friction pad is protruded with a plurality of small bumps in a square array, and the small bumps are covered on the inner surface of the rubber friction pad to increase the friction force after being held tightly.
  • the opening length of the second arc-shaped hole 227 on the positioning frame is relatively long, and the rotation angle of the unlocking and unlocking of the lock lever at the hinge of the box door on the box door is set to prevent the transition of the box door lock lever from rotating.
  • the displacement limit mechanism 25 that limits the displacement of the rotary shaft in the lower installation cavity along the path of the second arc hole 227;
  • the displacement limit mechanism includes a limit cylinder 251, a rotation limit plate 255, and a limit support The seat 256 and the limit pin 253;
  • the limit pin is installed on the partition of the positioning frame through the limit support, and is located beside the second arc-shaped hole;
  • the rotating limit plate is sleeved on the limit pin by its perforation On the shaft; one end of the cylinder block of the limit cylinder is installed on the partition of the positioning frame through the cylinder support, and the end of the piston rod is hinged with the rotation limit plate;
  • the bottom surface of the rotation limit plate has two corresponding intervals
  • the limit baffle 257 is set, and the two limit baffles are respectively located on both sides of the rotating shaft; the end of the rotating shaft protrudes from the second arc-shaped hole on the baffle, and its end is located at the limit of the limit baffle. Bit.
  • the limit cylinder 251 performs a telescopic action to further drive the rotation limit plate 255 to rotate left and right, so that the outer arc baffle plate of the limit structure assembly 255 is selectively rotated from the second arc hole.
  • the shaft is blocked and limited to meet the requirements of limiting the rotation angle range of the lock lever and setting the rotation direction.
  • box protection mechanism 3 the specific structure of the box protection mechanism 3 used is as follows:
  • the side of another spreader end beam structure 118 on the spreader is fixed with a hinge seat 316 and a cylinder support 324, including an end plate protection mechanism that compresses the outer side wall of the container's end wall plate, and the end plate protection mechanism is installed on the crane
  • the end plate protection mechanism 31 includes a compression plate 311, and a compression cylinder 313 installed at the other end of the spreader, the other end of the spreader is hinged with the top pin of the compression plate through a hinge seat, The end of the piston rod of the compression cylinder 313 is hinged with the pin at the top of the inclined plate 312 on the top of the compression plate.
  • the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the compression oil cylinder drives the compression plate to compress the outer surface of the end wall plate of the container, or drives the compression plate to be away from the outer surface of the end wall plate of the container.
  • the locking mechanism 32 includes a locking cylinder 323 fixed on the left and right sides of the spreader through a cylinder support 324 and fixed to the locking cylinder.
  • the locking pin 321 at the end of the piston rod of the 323, the locking pin holes 314 on the left and right sides of the pressure plate respectively corresponding to the position of the locking pin, and the locking mechanism of the structure is set so that the pressure plate is pressed against the outer side of the container end wall.
  • the piston rod of the locking cylinder is extended to prompt the locking pin to be inserted into the locking pin hole to lock the compression plate to prevent the compression failure of the compression plate.
  • the locking pin is a tapered pin shaft.
  • the box body protection mechanism 3 also includes two corresponding first box body protection plates 331, a first connecting rod 337, and a box body protection cylinder 335, which protects the box body.
  • the oil cylinder is fixed on the middle protective box longitudinal beam 116 of the spreader, the tops of the two first box protection plates are located on the front and rear sides of the spreader, and the two ends of the first connecting rod respectively penetrate the front and rear side walls of the installation groove and the two
  • the top of the first box body protection plate is fixedly connected;
  • the middle of the first connecting rod is fixed with a first tilt frame 336, the end of the piston rod of the box body protection cylinder is hinged with the top pin of the first tilt frame 336;
  • the box body protection mechanism It also includes two corresponding second box protection plates 332, a second connecting rod 338, and a linkage rod 333.
  • the tops of the two second box protection plates are located on the front and rear sides of the spreader.
  • the first box protection plate And the second box protection board are spaced apart from each other, and the two ends of the second connecting rod respectively penetrate the front and rear side walls of the installation slot and are fixedly connected to the tops of the two second box protection boards; the middle of the second connecting rod is fixed with the first Two inclined frames 334, the two ends of the linkage rod are respectively sleeved on the horizontal rods of the first inclined frame and on the horizontal rods of the second inclined frame.
  • Two mounting supports 3310 are fixed on the longitudinal beams 112 on both sides of the structural spreader.
  • the two ends of the first connecting rod are inserted into the holes of the two mounting supports, the two ends of the second connecting rod are inserted into the holes of the other two mounting supports, and the top of each first box protection plate is inserted into each installation In the positioning groove of the support, and sleeved and fixed on the end of the first connecting rod; the top end of each second box protection plate is also inserted into the positioning groove of each mounting support, and sleeved and fixed to the end of the second connecting rod
  • the socket fixation can be that after the pin hole at the end of the connecting rod corresponds to the pin hole at the top of the door protection plate, a set pin is inserted into the two pin holes for fixing, and the pin hole can be a threaded hole , The set pin can also be a set screw that matches the threaded hole.
  • the first box body protection plate and the second box body protection plate form the side plate protection mechanism 33, and the piston rod of the box body protection cylinder expands and contracts to move the rod left and right to make the tilt frame swing left and right to further drive the first box body protection
  • the lowering of the plate and the second box body protection plate presses the box body side panel or gathers it.
  • the spreader locks the container through the lifting point locking shaft mechanism, and then flips the spreader and the container to a vertical position.
  • the piston rods of the compression cylinder and the box protection cylinder begin to extend, and the compression plate and the box protection plate are driven to perform Rotate and lower to press the compression plate against the end plate of the box body.
  • the compression oil cylinder and the box body protection oil cylinder are self-locked, and then the piston rod of the oil cylinder is turned over. After the frame is turned over to contact with the door frame of the box door, the turning oil cylinder self-locks.
  • the piston rod of the box door switch cylinder extends out to drive the box door lock rod holding device to contact the box door lock rod, and the box door switch cylinder automatically occurs.
  • the piston rod of the holding oil cylinder is retracted to drive the longitudinal parts of the two holding parts to be aligned with each other, so that the side wall of the lock rod is in close contact with the arc groove, so that the lock rod of the box door is held tightly.
  • the piston rod of the lock rod rotating cylinder starts to work, the piston rod of the lock rod rotating cylinder at the first arc hole extends, and the rotating shaft moves along the track of the first arc hole, pushing the lock rod holding device to the two doors
  • the center line between the two doors is displaced, and the lock rod at this point rotates to the center line between the two door
  • the piston rod of the rod rotation cylinder expands and contracts according to the installation position of the handle on the lock rod to determine the direction of rotation.
  • the piston rod of the lock rod rotation cylinder is in the extended state Then continue to extend, so that the rotation axis in the second arc-shaped hole continues to move in the direction of the door hinge, prompting the lock rod to rotate in the direction of the door hinge to unlock the lock rod.
  • the piston rod of the lock rod rotating cylinder will retract in the extended state, so that the rotation axis in the second arc-shaped hole is displaced in the direction of the center line of the box door, and the lock rod is moved to the center line direction of the box door. Rotate to unlock the lock rod.
  • the piston rod of the oil cylinder expands and contracts to realize the self-locking function.
  • the oil in the cylinder is blocked by setting a balance valve, a sliding valve with a neutral stop or an electromagnetic ball valve, etc., so as to lock the piston rod of the oil cylinder, which is further realized Self-locking and other functions of all the above-mentioned oil cylinders.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned best embodiment. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, anyone can derive other products in various forms, but regardless of any changes in its shape or structure, all products that are the same or similar to those of the present application Approximate technical solutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Abstract

一种集装箱吊装设备，包括吊具（1），吊具（1）的一端安装有箱门开关装置（2），吊具（1）上还安装对集装箱外侧壁进行压紧保护的箱体保护机构（3）。该装置应用于集装箱翻转作业时，具有自动开关箱门和防止箱体变形的功能，进一步箱门开关、箱体保护板和压紧板均为非人工操作，使吊装设备具备高效率、安全性、可控性操作和防护性较佳等特点。

Description

一种新型集装箱吊装设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种起重吊装技术领域，尤其是一种新型集装箱吊装设备。
背景技术
随着公路、铁路、水路多式联运模式是现阶段我国大力推广和重点发展的运输方式，其中“散改集”即“散货集装箱化运输”是重点中的重点，其发展前景更是不可估量。各种散状物料能高效安全、方便低成本的进出集装箱是关键，其中，实现应用于集装箱翻转设备上能自动开关箱门且又能防止箱体变形的集装箱吊具是技术难点。目前使用的各种形式集装箱翻转设备及吊具，竖直装货满箱后都需要人工登高作业去实施箱门关闭和锁杆转动操作；反之，翻转倒箱卸货时一次性全开箱门会产生很大冲击和导致流量失控，且存在严重安全隐患；另外，由于集装箱设计制造中偏重于考虑箱体底板平置时的承载能力，而对于端壁板、侧壁板和顶板的承载能力考虑相对偏小，当集装箱翻转竖直装载物料时，箱体的受力状况发生改变，端壁板承受最大载荷，侧壁板、底板和顶板其次，因此装载过程会产生“涨肚”状况，箱体变形严重甚至是永久变形及损坏。为此，本申请研发了在对集装箱翻转作业时可防止箱体变形并兼具自动开关箱门功能的集装箱吊装设备。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术的不足而设计的一种新型集装箱吊装设备。
本发明所设计的一种新型集装箱吊装设备，包括吊具，吊具的一端安装有箱门开关装置，其另一端安装有端板保护机构。
作为优选，箱门开关机构包括翻转框架和安装在吊具一端的翻转油缸，翻转框架顶部的斜板顶端与翻转油缸的活塞杆端部进行销轴铰接，翻转框架的顶部与吊具一端部的铰接座进行销轴铰接，且翻转框架上相对应的两侧均安装有箱门开关油缸，两处箱门开关油缸的活塞杆端部均销轴铰接有对集装箱的箱门锁杆进行锁定后促使箱门锁杆发生旋转的箱门锁杆驱动装置，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆驱动装置进行向内侧或外侧翻转。
作为优选，箱门锁杆驱动装置包括定位框架、两根旋转轴、两个箱门锁杆抱紧装置和两个锁杆旋转油缸；且箱门开关油缸的活塞杆贯穿定位框架侧壁一端的定位孔后与定位框架的侧壁另一端进行销轴铰接；定位框体的中部通过设置隔板形成上下两个安装腔，各箱门锁杆抱紧装置分别位于于各安装腔内，上部安装腔上靠箱门中心线方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第一弧形孔，下部安装腔上靠箱门铰链方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第二弧形孔，第一弧形孔的位置和第二弧形孔的位置分别与箱门上的两锁杆位置对应；一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第一弧形孔中，另一旋转轴的两端分别对 应插入两第二弧形孔中，且两旋转轴均安装箱门锁杆抱紧装置，两锁杆旋转油缸分别固定在两安装腔的侧壁上，且两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆端部连接套分别套于两旋转轴上，且活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置进行旋转。
作为优选，两箱门锁杆抱紧装置均包括两个抱紧件和抱紧油缸，两个抱紧件相互组合形成Y字形状的抱紧组件，抱紧组件纵向部和倾斜部之间具有通孔，且抱紧组件通过通孔套于旋转轴上，抱紧油缸的缸体一端与一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接，其活塞杆的另一端与另一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接；两个抱紧件的纵向部底端内侧具有与箱门锁杆圆形匹配的弧形槽；定位框体上和隔板上朝向箱门的一侧设置有两个定位槽，且两个定位槽分别与第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔位置对应，抱紧件上的弧形槽位置处设置有限位板，且限位板插入于定位槽内。
作为优选，还包括对下部安装腔内的旋转轴沿第二弧形孔轨迹位移行程进行限位的位移限位机构。
作为优选，位移限位机构包括限位油缸、旋转限位板、限位支座和限位销轴；限位销轴通过限位支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，并位于第二弧形孔的旁侧；旋转限位板利用其穿孔套于限位销轴上；限位油缸的缸体一端通过油缸支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，其活塞杆端部与旋转限位板进行销轴铰接；旋转限位板的底面具有两块相互对应间隔设置的限位挡板，两限位挡板分别位于旋转轴的两侧；旋转轴的端部从隔板上的第二弧形孔处伸出，其端部位于受限位挡板限位。
作为优选，箱体保护机构包括对集装箱的端壁板外侧壁进行压紧的端板保护机构，且端板保护机构安装在吊具的另一端。
作为优选，端板保护机构包括压紧板、以及安装在吊具另一端的压紧油缸，吊具的另一端通过铰接座与压紧板的顶部销轴铰接，压紧油缸的活塞杆端部与压紧板顶部的斜板顶端销轴铰接。
作为优选，吊具的另一端安装有对压紧板进行锁定的锁定机构，锁定机构包括吊具另一端左右两侧固定有锁定油缸、以及固定在锁定油缸的活塞杆端部的锁定销，压板的左右两侧分别与锁定销位置对应的锁定销孔，锁定油缸的活塞杆伸出促使锁定销对应插入锁定销孔内进行锁定压紧板。
作为优选，箱体保护机构还包括两块位置相互对应的第一箱体保护板、第一连接杆和一箱体保护油缸，箱体保护油缸安装在吊具顶部安装槽的槽底上，两第一箱体保护板的顶部位于吊具的前后两侧，且第一连接杆的两端分别贯穿安装槽的前后侧壁后与两第一箱体保护板的顶部固定相连；第一连接杆的中部固定有第一倾斜架，箱体保护油缸的活塞杆端部与第一 倾斜架的顶部销轴铰接。
作为优选，箱体保护机构还包括两块位置相互对应的第二箱体保护板、第二连接杆和一联动杆，两第二箱体保护板的顶部位于吊具的前后两侧，第一箱体保护板与第二箱体保护板相互间隔设置，且第二连接杆的两端分别贯穿安装槽的前后侧壁后与两第二箱体保护板的顶部固定相连；第二连接杆的中部固定有第二倾斜架，联动杆的两端分别套于第一倾斜架的横向杆上和第二倾斜架的横向杆上。
作为优选，吊具的底面四个边角处安装有吊点锁轴机构，各吊点锁轴机构分别与集装箱顶面的各锁孔位置对应。
作为优选，吊具的底面四个边角处安装有吊点锁轴机构，各吊点锁轴机构分别与集装箱顶面的各锁孔位置对应。
作为优选，吊具上设置的翻转锁定挡板。
本发明所设计的一种新型集装箱吊装设备，其结构应用于集装箱翻转作业时，具有自动开关箱门和防止箱体变形的功能，并且其整体结构能满足“散改集”运输作业要求的集装箱倾转装卸散货的箱门开关要求，需要进行卸货时，将集装箱倾转成竖直状，且箱口朝下，利用箱门开关机构与箱门的锁杆锁定机构相互配合将箱门自动缓慢打开；需要进行装货时，将集装箱倾转成竖直状，箱口朝上，箱体保护板和压紧板分别压紧在箱门侧壁板和端壁板上，从而进行装货，待装货完毕后，利用箱门开关机构与箱门的锁杆锁定机构相互配合将箱门自动关闭，其中，压紧板和箱体保护板的设置以防止箱体呈竖直状进行装货时发生端壁板、侧壁板和顶板均向外侧突起而造成箱体变形或者永久变形，以避免箱体“涨肚”的情况发生，进一步箱门开关、箱体保护板和压紧板均为非人工操作，使吊装设备具备高效率、安全性、可控性操作和防护性较佳等特点。
另外，还增加了自动锁杆转动机构，使得在集装箱的需要打开或关闭的箱口处于低位时人工将手柄锁定在自动锁杆转动机构上后，自动锁杆转动机构通过锁杆手柄自动转动箱门锁杆，以实现锁杆的锁头与集装箱的锁座锁合或者开锁，从而达到如果集装箱在装货完成后箱口朝上的情况下，人工无需攀爬至高位进行转动锁杆的技术效果，避免了人工攀爬至高位而发生安全事故的情况，同时锁杆转动为自动转动与箱门开关装置配合使得在集装箱箱门作业时进一步提升工作效率和操作的安全性。
附图说明
图1是实施例的整体结构示意图(一)；
图2是实施例的整体结构示意图(二)；
图3是实施例的箱门锁杆手柄安装方式结构示意图(一)；
图4是实施例的箱门锁杆手柄安装方式结构示意图(二)；
图5是实施例的箱门锁杆手柄安装方式结构示意图(三)；
图6是实施例的箱门开启状态结构示意图；
图7是实施例的压紧板压紧在箱体端板部位的结构示意图；
图8是实施例的箱门开关装置的结构示意图(一)；
图9是实施例的箱门开关装置的结构示意图(二)；
图10是实施例的箱门开关装置的结构示意图(三)；
图11是实施例的下部安装腔内安装锁杆旋转油缸和锁杆抱紧装置、以及隔板上安装限位装置的结构示意图；
图12是实施例的第二弧形孔处的锁杆抱紧装置结构示意图；
图13是实施例的上部安装腔内安装锁杆旋转油缸和锁杆抱紧装置的结构示意图；
图14是实施例的第一弧形孔处的锁杆抱紧装置结构示意图；
图15是实施例的抱紧件结构示意图；
图16是实施例的限位装置结构示意图(一)；
图17是实施例的限位装置结构示意图(二)；
图18是实施例的吊点锁轴机构结构示意图(一)；
图19是实施例的吊点锁轴机构结构示意图(二)；
图20是实施例的吊具安装锁定机构结构示意图(一)；
图21是实施例的吊具安装锁定机构结构示意图(二)；
图22是实施例的吊具结构示意图(一)；
图23是实施例的吊具结构示意图(二)；
图24是实施例的吊具结构示意图(三)；
图25是实施例的吊具结构示意图(四)；
图26是实施例的保护板安装结构示意图；
图27是实施例中集装箱和吊具均被翻转至竖直状的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例：
如图1-图27所示，本实施例所描述的一种新型集装箱吊装设备，包括吊具1，吊具1的 一端安装有对集装箱的箱门控制自动打开的箱门开关装置2，吊具1上还安装对集装箱外侧壁进行压紧保护的箱体保护机构3。
上述结构中，所述吊具11由吊具承载吊点111、吊具两侧纵梁112、中部连接横梁113、靠近箱门横梁114、靠近箱端横梁115、中间护箱纵梁116、翻转锁定止档117和吊具端梁结构118组成。其中，吊具承载吊点111是连接集装箱翻转主机的节点，也是所有部件和满载集装箱载荷的最大受力点，需满足强度和刚度要求。吊具两侧纵梁112、中部连接横梁113、靠近箱门横梁114、靠近箱端横梁115和中间护箱纵梁116组合成为整体。靠近箱门横梁114与该侧的吊具端梁结构118安装有箱门开关机构2。靠近箱端横梁115与该侧的吊具端梁结构118安装有箱体保护机构3中的端板保护机构和端板锁定机构32。中间护箱纵梁116上安装有箱体保护总成3中的侧板保护机构33，同时，端板保护机构和侧板保护机构组合防止集装箱箱体顶板变形。吊具两侧纵梁112上设置的翻转锁定挡板117是吊具主体结构11翻转竖直时的锁定结构。两吊具端梁结构118的两端内均安装有吊点锁轴机构12，且使得吊具的底面四个边角处均具有有吊点锁轴机构，各吊点锁轴机构分别与集装箱顶面的各锁孔位置对应；其中，吊点锁轴机构12由吊点转动锁轴121、锁轴转动手柄122、转锁油缸销轴123、转锁油缸组件124、转锁油缸支座125和锁轴角度指针126组成。吊点转动锁轴121插入集装箱四角件的锁孔内，在转锁油缸组件124的作用下，通过转锁油缸销轴123和锁轴转动手柄122旋转吊点转动锁轴121，吊点转动锁轴的挂钩锁定集装箱，锁轴角度指针126能指示双方的结合状况。
本实施例中，吊具上一吊具端梁结构118的侧面固定有铰接座214，箱门开关机构包括翻转框架212和安装在吊具一端的翻转油缸211，翻转框架顶部的斜板215顶端与翻转油缸的活塞杆端部进行销轴铰接，翻转框架的顶部与吊具一端部的铰接座214进行销轴铰接，且翻转框架上相对应的左右两侧均安装有箱门开关油缸221，两处箱门开关油缸221的活塞杆端部均销轴铰接有对集装箱的箱门锁杆进行锁定后促使箱门锁杆发生旋转的箱门锁杆驱动装置22，箱门开关油缸221的活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆驱动装置22进行向内侧或外侧翻转。
上述结构中，在翻转油缸211的活塞杆作用下，通过铰接座214与翻转框架销轴铰接结构实现翻转框架213的垂直转动，靠近或离开箱门，为后续的开关箱门准备。
进一步达到箱门开关的稳定性，将箱门开关油缸设置为四根，且以两两一组分别通过油缸销轴223铰接在翻转框架左右两侧的油缸支座222上，箱门开关油缸221通过油缸头部的箱门油缸销轴223与定位框架224上的长形孔2241进行宽松式铰接。
本实施例中，箱门锁杆驱动装置22包括定位框架224、两根旋转轴26、两个箱门锁杆抱紧装置23和两个锁杆旋转油缸234；且箱门开关油缸的活塞杆贯穿定位框架侧壁一端的定位长形孔后与定位框架224的侧壁另一端进行销轴铰接；定位框体的中部通过设置隔板225形成上下两个安装腔228，各箱门锁杆抱紧装置23分别位于于各安装腔内，上部安装腔上靠箱门中心线方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第一弧形孔226，下部安装腔上靠箱门铰链方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第二弧形孔227，第一弧形孔的位置和第二弧形孔的位置分别与箱门上的两锁杆位置对应；一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第一弧形孔中，另一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第二弧形孔中，且两旋转轴均安装箱门锁杆抱紧装置23，两锁杆旋转油缸分别固定在两安装腔的侧壁上，两锁杆旋转油缸234的活塞杆端部连接套分别套于两旋转轴26上，且活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置进行旋转，其中第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔均以各自的箱门锁杆的中心线为圆心而设置，从而旋转轴绕箱门锁杆的中心线进行旋转，以促使箱门锁杆发生转动进行解锁或者上锁。
上述结构中，当翻转框架213垂直转动与集装箱箱门门框接触后，左侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆首先进行同步伸出动作，左侧的锁杆抱紧装置23动作与左侧箱门箱门锁杆接合在一起，且左侧箱门处的两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸缩分别驱动左侧箱门上的两旋转轴分别沿第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔的弧形轨迹进行位移，从而满足左侧箱门锁杆转动要求，锁杆转动后，锁杆与集装箱解锁，左侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆回缩带动定位框架向外侧翻转，以将左侧箱门打开；右侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆首先进行同步伸缩动作，右侧的锁杆抱紧装置23动作与左侧箱门箱门锁杆接合在一起，且右侧箱门处的两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸缩分别驱动右侧箱门上的两旋转轴分别沿第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔的弧形轨迹进行位移，从而满足右侧箱门锁杆转动要求，锁杆转动后，锁杆与集装箱解锁，右侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆回缩带动定位框架向外侧翻转，以将右侧箱门打开；如果需要自动关闭箱门时，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸出将箱门向内侧翻转将箱门关闭，进一步依上述步骤，左右箱门开关可分别按次序开关动作。
其中，靠两箱门之间中心线侧的锁杆的转动角度由定位框架224上对应的第一弧形孔开设的范围决定，靠箱门铰链线侧的锁杆的转动角度由定位框架224上对应的第二弧形孔开设的范围和转动限位机构25中的旋转限位板255的位置决定，并且第二弧形孔的长度长于第一弧形孔，其第二弧形孔的设计可实现箱门上两锁杆的旋转方向相同的集装箱应用其箱门锁杆均向两箱门之间中心方向旋转，亦可在箱门上两锁杆的旋转方向不同的集装箱应用其靠箱门中心线的一箱门锁杆向箱门中心方向旋转，靠箱门铰链的一箱门锁杆向箱门铰链方向旋转；同时锁杆的旋转方向依锁杆上的手柄设置方向而定。
进一步地，两箱门锁杆抱紧装置均包括两个抱紧件233和抱紧油缸231，两个抱紧件相互组合形成Y字形状的抱紧组件，抱紧组件纵向部和倾斜部之间具有通孔，且抱紧组件通过通孔套于旋转轴上，抱紧油缸的缸体一端与一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接，其活塞杆的另一端与另一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接；两个抱紧件的纵向部底端内侧具有与箱门锁杆圆形匹配的弧形槽232。抱紧油缸231进行伸缩动作，实现两抱紧件相对转动，进一步抱紧锁杆，实现锁杆抱紧装置23与箱门固定接合在一起，进而通过定位框架224与箱门进行固定接合在一起，满足箱门能进行转动的要求。
本实施例中，定位框体上和隔板上朝向箱门的一侧设置有两个定位槽100，且两个定位槽分别与第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔位置对应，抱紧件上的弧形槽232位置处设置有限位板236，且限位板236插入于定位槽内；其中，定位槽采用圆弧定位槽，且定位槽的宽度大于锁杆的直径，当两抱紧件发生绕旋转轴中心旋转而发生抱紧装置摆动，限位板可与定位槽的内侧壁抵触，以达到限位抱紧装置的摆动范围，使得两抱紧件张开后更容易将锁杆置于两抱紧件的弧形槽之间，以便于对箱门锁杆进行抱紧；另外为了抱紧后使得锁杆更方便旋转，可在弧形槽内侧壁胶水粘合固定橡胶摩擦垫，橡胶摩擦垫的内侧面凸起有多个方形阵列的小凸块，小凸块在橡胶摩擦垫的内侧面布满，从而在抱紧后增大摩擦力。
本实施例中，基于定位框架上第二弧形孔227的开设长度较长，而箱门上靠箱门铰链处的锁杆解锁和开锁的旋转角度设定，以防止箱门锁杆旋转过渡，还包括对下部安装腔内的旋转轴沿第二弧形孔227轨迹位移行程进行限位的位移限位机构25；位移限位机构包括限位油缸251、旋转限位板255、限位支座256和限位销轴253；限位销轴通过限位支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，并位于第二弧形孔的旁侧；旋转限位板利用其穿孔套于限位销轴上；限位油缸的缸体一端通过油缸支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，其活塞杆端部与旋转限位板进行销轴铰接；旋转限位板的底面具有两块相互对应间隔设置的限位挡板257，两限位挡板分别位于旋转轴的两侧；旋转轴的端部从隔板上的第二弧形孔处伸出，其端部位于受限位挡板限位。
上述机构中，限位油缸251进行伸缩动作，进一步带动旋转限位板255左右转动，使得限位结构组件255的外侧弧形档板有选择性的与从第二弧形孔处伸出的旋转轴进行阻挡限位，达到限制锁杆转动角度范围和设置转动方向的要求。
本实施例中，所采用箱体保护机构3具体结构如下：
吊具上另一吊具端梁结构118的侧面固定有铰接座316和油缸支座324，包括对集装箱的端壁板外侧壁进行压紧的端板保护机构，且端板保护机构安装在吊具的另一端；进一步地， 端板保护机构31包括压紧板311、以及安装在吊具另一端的压紧油缸313，吊具的另一端通过铰接座与压紧板的顶部销轴铰接，压紧油缸313的活塞杆端部与压紧板顶部的斜板312顶端销轴铰接。其中压紧油缸的活塞杆伸缩驱动压紧板压紧集装箱的端壁板外侧面，或者驱动压紧板远离集装箱的端壁板外侧面。
进一步地，吊具1的另一端安装有对压紧板311进行锁定的锁定机构32，锁定机构32包括吊具另一端左右两侧通过油缸支座324固定有锁定油缸323、以及固定在锁定油缸323的活塞杆端部的锁定销321，压板的左右两侧分别与锁定销位置对应的锁定销孔314，其结构的锁定机构设置，使得压紧板压紧在集装箱的端壁板外侧面后，锁定油缸的活塞杆伸出促使锁定销对应插入锁定销孔内进行锁定压紧板，以防止压紧板的压紧失效情况发生，其中锁定销为锥形销轴。
再进一步地达到对箱门侧壁板实现保护：箱体保护机构3还包括两块位置相互对应的第一箱体保护板331、第一连接杆337和一箱体保护油缸335，箱体保护油缸固定在吊具的中间护箱纵梁116上，两第一箱体保护板的顶部位于吊具的前后两侧，且第一连接杆的两端分别贯穿安装槽的前后侧壁后与两第一箱体保护板的顶部固定相连；第一连接杆的中部固定有第一倾斜架336，箱体保护油缸的活塞杆端部与第一倾斜架336的顶部销轴铰接；箱体保护机构还包括两块位置相互对应的第二箱体保护板332、第二连接杆338和一联动杆333，两第二箱体保护板的顶部位于吊具的前后两侧，第一箱体保护板与第二箱体保护板相互间隔设置，且第二连接杆的两端分别贯穿安装槽的前后侧壁后与两第二箱体保护板的顶部固定相连；第二连接杆的中部固定有第二倾斜架334，联动杆的两端分别套于第一倾斜架的横向杆上和第二倾斜架的横向杆上，其结构吊具两侧纵梁112上均固定有两个安装支座3310；第一连接杆的两端分别插在两安装支座的孔内，第二连接杆的两端分别插在另外两安装支座的孔内，各第一箱体保护板的顶端插入各安装支座的定位槽内，并套接固定在第一连接杆端部上；各第二箱体保护板的顶端也插入各安装支座的定位槽内，并套接固定在第二连接杆端部，其中的套接固定可以是在连接杆端部销孔与箱门保护板顶端的销孔对应后，在其两者销孔中插入一紧定销钉进行固定，且销孔可以是螺纹孔，紧定销钉也可以是与螺纹孔匹配的紧定螺钉。
第一箱体保护板和第二箱体保护板组成侧板保护机构33，并且在箱体保护油缸的活塞杆伸缩来联动杆左右移动，以使得倾斜架左右摆动，进一步驱动第一箱体保护板和第二箱体保护板的下放压紧箱体侧板或收拢。
综合上述，其实现的工作原理如下：
吊具通过吊点锁轴机构进行锁定集装箱，然后将吊具和集装箱翻转至竖直状，压紧油缸 和箱体保护油缸的活塞杆均开始伸出，驱动压紧板和箱体保护板进行旋转下放，以将压紧板压紧箱体端板，箱体保护板压紧箱体侧板后，压紧油缸和箱体保护油缸发生自锁，再然后翻转油缸的活塞杆伸出将翻转框架翻转至与箱门的门框接触后，翻转油缸发生自锁，此时箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸出驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置与箱门锁杆接触后，箱门开关油缸发生自动，抱紧油缸的活塞杆回缩驱动两抱紧件的纵向部相互并齐，使得锁杆的侧壁与弧形槽紧贴，使得箱门锁杆被抱紧，抱紧后抱紧油缸发生自锁，锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆开始工作，第一弧形孔处锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸出，旋转轴沿第一弧形孔轨迹位移，推动锁杆抱紧装置向两箱门之间中心线位移，且该处锁杆向两箱门之间中心线旋转，此处锁杆旋转完成后油缸发生自锁；第二弧形孔处的锁杆在被抱紧时，其锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸缩视此处锁杆上的手柄安装位置来定旋转方向，如该处锁杆开锁需要向箱门铰链方向旋转，则锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆在伸出的状态下再持续伸出，使得第二弧形孔内的旋转轴再持续向箱门铰链方向位移，促使锁杆向箱门铰链方向旋转，以进行锁杆解锁，如该处锁杆开锁需要向箱门中心线方向旋转，则锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆在伸出的状态下进行回缩，使得第二弧形孔内的旋转轴向箱门中心线方向位移，促使锁杆向箱门中心线方向旋转，以进行锁杆解锁，锁杆旋转油缸在发生动作后，且动作到位后发生自锁，从而在进行解锁后，锁杆抱紧装置仍然抱紧于锁杆上，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆回缩，以拉动整体箱门向外侧翻转，从而将箱门打开，以进行装货。
其中，油缸的活塞杆进行伸缩后实现自锁功能通过设置平衡阀、中位截止的滑阀或电磁球阀等等对缸体内的油液进行封堵，从而锁住油缸的活塞杆，进一步实现上述所有油缸的自锁等功能。
本发明不局限于上述最佳实施方式，任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品，但不论在其形状或结构上作任何变化，凡是具有与本申请相同或相近似的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种新型集装箱吊装设备，包括吊具，其特征在于，吊具的一端安装有箱门开关装置，吊具上还安装对集装箱外侧壁进行压紧保护的箱体保护机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，箱门开关机构包括翻转框架和安装在吊具一端的翻转油缸，翻转框架顶部的斜板顶端与翻转油缸的活塞杆端部进行销轴铰接，翻转框架的顶部与吊具一端部的铰接座进行销轴铰接，且翻转框架上相对应的两侧均安装有箱门开关油缸，两处箱门开关油缸的活塞杆端部均销轴铰接有对集装箱的箱门锁杆进行锁定后促使箱门锁杆发生旋转的箱门锁杆驱动装置，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆驱动装置进行向内侧或外侧翻转。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，箱门锁杆驱动装置包括定位框架、两根旋转轴、两个箱门锁杆抱紧装置和两个锁杆旋转油缸；且箱门开关油缸的活塞杆贯穿定位框架侧壁一端的定位孔后与定位框架的侧壁另一端进行销轴铰接；定位框体的中部通过设置隔板形成上下两个安装腔，各箱门锁杆抱紧装置分别位于于各安装腔内，上部安装腔上靠箱门中心线方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第一弧形孔，下部安装腔上靠箱门铰链方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第二弧形孔，第一弧形孔的位置和第二弧形孔的位置分别与箱门上的两锁杆位置对应；一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第一弧形孔中，另一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第二弧形孔中，且两旋转轴均安装箱门锁杆抱紧装置，两锁杆旋转油缸分别固定在两安装腔的侧壁上，且两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆端部连接套分别套于两旋转轴上，且活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置进行旋转；
    两箱门锁杆抱紧装置均包括两个抱紧件和抱紧油缸，两个抱紧件相互组合形成Y字形状的抱紧组件，抱紧组件纵向部和倾斜部之间具有通孔，且抱紧组件通过通孔套于旋转轴上，抱紧油缸的缸体一端与一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接，其活塞杆的另一端与另一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接；两个抱紧件的纵向部底端内侧具有与箱门锁杆圆形匹配的弧形槽；
    定位框体上和隔板上朝向箱门的一侧设置有两个定位槽，且两个定位槽分别与第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔位置对应，抱紧件上的弧形槽位置处设置有限位板，且限位板插入于定位槽内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，还包括对下部安装腔内的旋转轴沿第二弧形孔轨迹位移行程进行限位的位移限位机构；
    位移限位机构包括限位油缸、旋转限位板、限位支座和限位销轴；限位销轴通过限位支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，并位于第二弧形孔的旁侧；旋转限位板利用其穿孔套于限位销轴上；限位油缸的缸体一端通过油缸支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，其活塞杆端部与旋转限位板进行销轴铰接；旋转限位板的底面具有两块相互对应间隔设置的限位挡板，两限位挡板分别位于旋转轴的两侧；旋转轴的端部从隔板上的第二弧形孔处伸出，其端部位于受限位挡板限位。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，箱体保护机构包括对集装箱的端壁板外侧壁进行压紧的端板保护机构，且端板保护机构安装在吊具的另一端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，端板保护机构包括压紧板、以及安装在吊具另一端的压紧油缸，吊具的另一端通过铰接座与压紧板的顶部销轴铰接，压紧油缸的活塞杆端部与压紧板顶部的斜板顶端销轴铰接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，吊具的另一端安装有对压紧板进行锁定的锁定机构，锁定机构包括吊具另一端左右两侧固定有锁定油缸、以及固定在锁定油缸的活塞杆端部的锁定销，压板的左右两侧分别与锁定销位置对应的锁定销孔，锁定油缸的活塞杆伸出促使锁定销对应插入锁定销孔内进行锁定压紧板。
  8. 根据权利要求1或5所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，箱体保护机构还包括两块位置相互对应的第一箱体保护板、第一连接杆和一箱体保护油缸，箱体保护油缸安装在吊具顶部安装槽的槽底上，两第一箱体保护板的顶部位于吊具的前后两侧，且第一连接杆的两端分别贯穿安装槽的前后侧壁后与两第一箱体保护板的顶部固定相连；第一连接杆的中部固定有第一倾斜架，箱体保护油缸的活塞杆端部与第一倾斜架的顶部销轴铰接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，箱体保护机构还包括两块位置相互对应的第二箱体保护板、第二连接杆和一联动杆，两第二箱体保护板的顶部位于吊具的前后两侧，第一箱体保护板与第二箱体保护板相互间隔设置，且第二连接杆的两端分别贯穿安装槽的前后侧壁后与两第二箱体保护板的顶部固定相连；第二连接杆的中部固定有第二倾斜架，联动杆的两端分别套于第一倾斜架的横向杆上和第二倾斜架的横向杆上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的新型集装箱吊装设备，其特征在于，吊具的底面四个边角处安装有吊点锁轴机构，各吊点锁轴机构分别与集装箱顶面的各锁孔位置对应；吊具上设置的翻转锁定挡板。
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