WO2021143086A1 - 一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体的抗氧化腐蚀性的方法 - Google Patents
一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体的抗氧化腐蚀性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021143086A1 WO2021143086A1 PCT/CN2020/103273 CN2020103273W WO2021143086A1 WO 2021143086 A1 WO2021143086 A1 WO 2021143086A1 CN 2020103273 W CN2020103273 W CN 2020103273W WO 2021143086 A1 WO2021143086 A1 WO 2021143086A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0572—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes with a protective layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/021—Construction of PM
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for forming Al, Zn, Ni, Cu or their alloy coatings on the surface of NdFeB powder or magnets to enhance their oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and belongs to the technical field of magnetic materials.
- NdFeB magnetic material is a kind of rare earth permanent magnetic material. It has the characteristics of high coercivity and high magnetic energy product. It is called a hard magnetic material because it can maintain a constant magnetism once it is magnetized. NdFeB permanent magnet is currently the most cost-effective commercial magnetic material. It has the advantages of high magnetic energy product, small size and light weight. NdFeB magnets are now indispensable and important materials in high-tech fields such as aerospace, information engineering, new energy vehicles, and high-speed train units. Therefore, the preparation and forming of NdFeB materials have become a hot spot in research and development.
- the neodymium iron boron powder is easy to oxidize because it contains rare earths, causing performance degradation. Therefore, vacuum or inert atmosphere protection is required during the whole preparation process. Therefore, the present invention protects the NdFeB powder by forming a coating layer of Al, Zn, Ni, Cu or their alloy on the surface of the powder, so that it is not easily oxidized in the subsequent processing process, and its use performance is ensured.
- Invention 201410135609.X proposes an electroless Ni plating method to protect NdFeB powder from oxidation and then prepare an oxidation-resistant sintered NdFeB magnet.
- the powder is ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water and then placed in a degreasing liquid for degreasing, followed by pickling and activation with an activation liquid. Finally, the treated powder is placed in a mixed solution of NiSO 4 , Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 , (NH4) 2 SO 4 , Nd 2 (SO4) 3 and KI, and Ni is electrolessly plated under stirring.
- the obtained powder is Has antioxidant properties.
- the method in the invention 201410135609.X has many shortcomings. First, the powder pretreatment process is complicated, which requires not only degreasing but also activation. Second, the composition of the electroless plating solution is complex, and the price is high, and the cost of raw material preparation is high.
- the amount of powder that can be processed by electroless Ni plating is relatively small, which is not suitable for mass production.
- the subsequent treatment process of the used solution is likely to cause pollution.
- the invention only needs to mix the powder uniformly with the metal or alloy of any shape and perform heat treatment at a certain rotating speed to obtain a plating layer with firm bonding and uniform thickness. Not only the raw materials are simple, the cost is low, and no special pre-treatment process is required.
- the used metals or alloys, such as Al, Ni, etc. can be reused, and the recycling treatment produces almost no pollution, which is very environmentally friendly.
- NdFeB permanent magnets are easily corroded by oxygen and water vapor in the air during use, which affects their performance. Therefore, NdFeB permanent magnets require a simple process to prevent corrosion.
- Sintered NdFeB magnets are mainly composed of Nd 2 Fe 14 B main phase, Nd-rich grain boundary phase and B-rich phase, of which Nd element accounts for the largest proportion.
- the NdFeB magnet is easily corroded in humid, high temperature and acid-base environments, which affects its performance.
- an invention has proposed a method of adding a coating to the surface of the sintered NdFeB magnet to resist oxidation in various environments.
- Invention 201910487072.6 proposes to mix organic binders, organic lubricants, and micron-sized AlN powders into anticorrosive materials in a certain mass ratio, and then uniformly coat them on the surface of the preheated NdFeB magnet to obtain a crude product.
- the crude product is placed in an inert gas atmosphere at 1000-1100 Sintering at a temperature of °C for 30-45min.
- the micron-sized Al powder is deposited on the surface of the magnet by physical vapor deposition method, and after cooling to room temperature, the corrosion-resistant magnet covered with AlN film and Al film is obtained.
- the present invention has the following advantages: 1.
- the anti-corrosion powder in the invention 201910487072.6, a variety of organic solvents are needed to make the anti-corrosion powder can be tightly combined on the magnet.
- the surface volatilization of the metal or alloy at a certain temperature and the short-term contact with the NdFeB powder or the magnet at high temperature can form a strong anti-corrosion coating; 2.
- the AlN and Al powders in the invention 201910487072.6 are both micron-sized powders and processed The cost is high and the process is complicated.
- the metal or alloy required by the present invention only needs to be crushed into blocks or sheets with a length of about 1-10mm and a thickness of 0.5-5mm.
- the processing method of the metal or alloy is simple; 3.
- the heating temperature in the invention 201910487072.6 is higher. , The energy consumption is large.
- the invention can realize the anti-corrosion effect through lower temperature, and the energy consumption is small.
- the invention 201611157661.0 proposes a method of adding a multi-layer coating on the surface of the magnet to resist corrosion.
- the magnet needs to be cleaned in a mixed pickling solution of diluted nitric acid and thiourea. After ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol, use a mixed solution of sulfosalicylic acid and ammonium bifluoride for activation, and then perform three-step coating.
- the nickel sulfate hexahydrate solution, sodium hypophosphite solution, borax solution, sodium citrate solution, ammonium fluoride solution, and succinic acid solution are prepared into an electroless plating solution, and the pretreated neodymium iron boron permanent magnet is placed in the electroless plating solution.
- electroless nickel plating is performed at a preset electroless plating temperature and a preset electroless plating time.
- the ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering and ion beam combined sputtering system is used for coating.
- the sputtering target is dysprosium aluminum alloy
- the working vacuum is 1.0Pa
- the DC power supply is used for coating
- the sputtering current is 0.67A
- the power is 300W
- the atmosphere is For high-purity argon gas, magnetron sputtering coating is performed within a preset time, and after coating is completed, vacuum thermal diffusion treatment is used at a preset temperature to prepare the dysprosium-plated aluminum alloy thin film layer;
- Ammonium chloride and boric acid are added to water and heated to dissolve, add sodium lauryl sulfate to the above solution, magnetically stir for 30 minutes, add nano chromium powder to the above solution, raise the temperature to 65 °C, ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes, mix uniformly
- the electroplating solution adjusts the acidity and alkalinity of the electroplating solution and saves it at a preset temperature for later use.
- the nickel plate is used as the anode and the neodymium iron boron is used as the cathode.
- the operation process of the invention 201611157661.0 is too complicated. There are many kinds of organic solvents used, and the process flow is very complicated.
- the method in invention 201611157661.0 is not suitable for mass production.
- the invention uses a simple heat treatment furnace with a rotating function, can realize multi-layer coating through multiple heat treatment coatings with different metals or alloys, the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, and the operation process is simple and easy to implement. At the same time, the expansion of the heat treatment furnace can realize the coating of large quantities of magnets.
- a method that can simultaneously improve the oxidation and corrosion resistance of NdFeB powder and magnets which is characterized in that the NdFeB powder or magnets and any shape of metal Al, Zn, Ni, Cu or their alloys are used as raw materials, uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, and placed Heat treatment in a resistance furnace. At the same time, the furnace body is stirred at a certain speed.
- the surface volatilization of Al, Zn, Ni, Cu metals or alloys at a certain temperature and short-term contact with NdFeB powder or magnets at high temperatures are used to make NdFeB
- the powder or magnet surface area forms a continuous and dense single metal and multi-metal compound or multilayer metal or alloy coating, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the NdFeB powder or the corrosion resistance of the NdFeB magnet, while hardly affecting its performance.
- step 2) The sample processed in step 1) is sealed and heat-treated in a resistance furnace under the protection of inert gas while stirring;
- step 2) Take out the powder after heat treatment in step 2), and obtain metal-coated NdFeB powder through sieving, which can improve oxidation resistance.
- the processed NdFeB powder can be directly subjected to subsequent metal injection molding or 3D printing.
- the magnet after the heat treatment in step 2) is taken out, and the second heat treatment in step 2) can be performed as needed.
- the treated NdFeB magnet can be used instead of the magnet after electroplating.
- the ratio of NdFeB powder or magnet to coated metal in step 2) is 1:2-1:5, and the unidirectional size of any shape of Al, Zn, Ni, Cu metal or alloy is 0.5-10mm , Such as materials with a length and width of 1-10mm and a thickness of 0.5-5mm.
- the heat treatment temperature used in step 2) is 200-700° C.
- the time is 1-6 h
- the pressure of the argon gas is 60-80 kPa
- the rotation speed is 4-7 r/min.
- the NdFeB powder or magnet and any shape of metal Al, Zn, Ni, Cu or their alloys are placed in the same container for heat treatment, while stirring at a certain speed, the relative position of the metal and NdFeB powder is changed at any time , The coating of the coating is more uniform;
- the metal used in the present invention is rich in nature and has low cost.
- the metal or alloy used in the present invention has a low melting point, which can reduce the heat preservation temperature during heat treatment and reduce energy loss during heat treatment.
- the metal used in the present invention can be in any shape within a certain length range, does not require complicated and expensive preparation processes, and has low cost.
- the present invention adopts the volatilization of the surface layer of Al, Zn, Ni, Cu metal or alloy at a certain temperature and short-term contact with NdFeB powder or magnet at high temperature to form a continuous and dense monolith on the surface area of NdFeB powder or magnet.
- Metal and multi-metal compounds or multi-layer metal or alloy coatings the coating has a strong bonding force with the powder or the surface of the magnet, and it has a good protective effect on the NdFeB powder or the magnet.
- alloy coating and multi-layer coating can be formed to meet the requirements of various use environments.
- the thickness of the plating layer formed by the present invention can be accurately controlled, which can be achieved only by adjusting process parameters such as heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time.
- the traditional sputtering, deposition and other processes are not suitable for magnetic powder, and the present invention is particularly suitable for powder processing.
- the invention has simple equipment, few steps and low cost.
- the present invention does not use acid-base solutions, does not cause environmental pollution, and can replace electroplating applications.
- the coercivity of the coated powder is reduced from 10125Oe to 9843Oe, which is only 282 Oe, and the remanence is reduced from 93.54emu ⁇ g -1 to 93.05emu ⁇ g -1 , which is only 0.49emu ⁇ g -1 . Therefore, the Zn coating has little effect on the performance of the powder.
- the coercivity is reduced from 13.65kOe to 13.45kOe, which is only 0.20kOe, and the remanence is reduced from 13.74kG to 13.55kG, which is only 0.19kG. Therefore, it has little effect on the performance of the magnet before and after coating the AlZn alloy.
- the original magnets with the same surface area, the magnets coated with AlZn alloy coatings and the electroplated Zn magnets are all ultrasonically cleaned with alcohol to remove oil, and dried for later use. Weigh using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.1 mg.
- the three types of magnets were placed in a high-pressure accelerated life box for high-pressure accelerated corrosion experiments.
- the experimental conditions were 121°C, 0.2MPa, and the experimental medium was distilled water.
- the weight loss method is used to calculate the corrosion rate. Take out the samples at regular intervals, remove the corrosion products with a brush, wash and dry them with alcohol, and weigh their mass until 270h.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
粉末种类 | 矫顽力/Oe | 剩磁/emu·g -1 |
包覆前粉末 | 10125 | 93.54 |
包覆后粉末 | 9843 | 93.05 |
粉末种类 | 老化前粉末质量 | 老化后粉末质量 | 增重 |
包覆前粉末 | 2.0008g | 2.0024g | 0.0016g |
包覆后粉末 | 2.0003g | 2.0004g | 0.0001g |
磁体种类 | 矫顽力/kOe | 剩磁/kG |
二级包覆前磁体 | 13.60 | 13.80 |
二级包覆后磁体 | 13.02 | 13.65 |
磁体种类 | 原始磁体 | 二级包覆磁体 | 电镀Zn磁体 |
腐蚀速率10 -3/mg·cm -2·h -1 | 10.05 | 1.56 | 1.65 |
磁体种类 | 矫顽力/kOe | 剩磁/kG |
包覆前磁体 | 13.65 | 13.74 |
包覆后磁体 | 13.45 | 13.55 |
磁体种类 | 原始磁体 | 包覆AlZn磁体 | 电镀Zn磁体 |
腐蚀速率10 -3/mg·cm -2·h -1 | 40.74 | 1.86 | 1.65 |
Claims (9)
- 一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1)将NdFeB粉末或磁体与任意形状的包覆金属Al、Zn、Ni、Cu或它们的任意几种成分的合金取适量,按照一定的质量比例混合均匀后置入电阻炉内;2)将步骤1)中处理好的样品在惰性气体保护下的电阻炉中进行密封热处理,同时加以搅拌;3)将步骤2)热处理后的粉末取出,通过筛分得到金属包覆处理后的NdFeB粉末或磁体。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,将步骤2)热处理后的粉末或磁体取出,根据需要可进行步骤2)的二次热处理。二次热处理所采用的不同种类金属或合金可形成多层金属镀膜。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中的NdFeB粉末或磁体与包覆金属的比例为1:2-1:5。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,所采用的任意形状的Al、Zn、Ni、Cu金属或合金的单向尺寸为0.5-10mm。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中采用的热处理温度为200-700℃,时间为1-6h。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,充入氩气气压为60-80kPa,转速为4-7r/min。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,金属或合金包覆层厚度在0.1-5μm之间,可由热处理时间和温度精确控制。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种可同时提高NdFeB粉末和磁体抗氧化腐蚀的方法,其特征在于,通过在磁体表面形成不同金属或合金镀层,可满足不同环境的要求。处理后的NdFeB粉末可在空气中进行后续处理;或取代电镀后磁体直接应用。
- 按照权利要求1-7任一项所述的方格制备得到的NdFeB粉末和磁体。
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CN111916284B (zh) | 2020-08-08 | 2022-05-24 | 烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种高矫顽力烧结钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 |
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