WO2021117333A1 - 積層体 - Google Patents

積層体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021117333A1
WO2021117333A1 PCT/JP2020/038729 JP2020038729W WO2021117333A1 WO 2021117333 A1 WO2021117333 A1 WO 2021117333A1 JP 2020038729 W JP2020038729 W JP 2020038729W WO 2021117333 A1 WO2021117333 A1 WO 2021117333A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
leather
thickness
laminate
natural
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Application number
PCT/JP2020/038729
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
直幸 谷口
祥晃 鈴木
Original Assignee
ＧＳＴ ＡｕｔｏＬｅａｔｈｅｒ Ｊａｐａｎ 合同会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by ＧＳＴ ＡｕｔｏＬｅａｔｈｅｒ Ｊａｐａｎ 合同会社 filed Critical ＧＳＴ ＡｕｔｏＬｅａｔｈｅｒ Ｊａｐａｎ 合同会社
Priority to CN202080056493.4A priority Critical patent/CN114728489A/zh
Priority to DE112020003462.3T priority patent/DE112020003462T5/de
Priority to JP2021563762A priority patent/JPWO2021117333A1/ja
Priority to US17/783,625 priority patent/US20230023169A1/en
Priority to KR1020227002936A priority patent/KR20220079513A/ko
Publication of WO2021117333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021117333A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/58—Seat coverings
    • B60N2/5891—Seat coverings characterised by the manufacturing process; manufacturing seat coverings not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B32B9/025—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch comprising leather
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/58—Seat coverings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0246—Acrylic resin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/08—Animal fibres, e.g. hair, wool, silk
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/16—Structural features of fibres, filaments or yarns e.g. wrapped, coiled, crimped or covered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/582—Tearability
    • B32B2307/5825—Tear resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2601/00—Upholstery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminate, particularly a laminate in which leather and a fiber material from which a reticular layer has been removed are laminated.
  • natural leather has been used in various fields such as vehicle interior materials, interior materials, bags, shoes, and clothing, taking advantage of its unique texture and excellent material characteristics such as high quality.
  • natural leather products have a big problem because silver floating (a phenomenon in which the papillary layer and the reticular layer of leather are delaminated and the appearance is deteriorated) may occur during use.
  • natural leather is a heavy material, when products such as bags are made of natural leather, the weight may be a concern.
  • natural leather products sometimes felt hard and uncomfortable to the touch, especially at the beginning of use. Therefore, if these points of natural leather are improved, the attractiveness of natural leather may be further enhanced and the demand may be promoted.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a leather laminate in which a part of the back surface of tanned leather is deleted and the leather laminate is bonded to a base layer material using a hot melt adhesive. Further, Patent Document 2 describes a skin material in which natural leather and a mesh-like cloth are laminated. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses that the ratio of the thickness of the grain layer to the thickness of cowhide is specified in order to obtain a material having low heat shrinkage suitable for an instrument panel of an automobile.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to suppress deterioration of appearance due to silver floating and to improve weight and hardness while utilizing the high quality texture of natural leather. It is in.
  • the present invention (1) A leather layer made of natural leather from which a part or all of the reticular layer has been removed, and A fiber layer made of natural and / or synthetic fibers located on the back side of the leather layer, and An adhesive layer between the leather layer and the fiber layer, It is a laminated body having A laminate, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the reticular layer in the leather layer is 5% or less and the ratio of the thickness of the papillary layer is 95% or more. (2) The laminate according to (1), wherein the thickness of the leather layer is less than 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
  • the present invention it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the appearance due to the floating of silver and to improve the weight and hardness while utilizing the high quality texture of natural leather.
  • the laminate 1 of the present invention has a leather layer 2, a fiber layer 3, and an adhesive layer 4 between the leather layer and the fiber layer.
  • the leather layer 2 in the laminate 1 of the present invention is made of natural leather from which the reticular layer has been largely removed.
  • the "natural leather” may be derived from mammals such as cows, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, deer and kangaroos, birds such as ostriches, and reptiles such as snakes and crocodiles. Not limited to these. Of these, cowhide, which is highly versatile and has a large area, is preferable.
  • the leather collection site of the organism from which the natural leather is collected is not particularly limited.
  • the raw skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue (muscle, adipose tissue, etc.).
  • Leather is made by tanning only the dermis. As a tanning method, tannin tanning, chrome tanning and a combination tanning thereof and the like are used.
  • the dermis is divided into a papillary layer in the upper layer and a reticular layer in the lower layer with the bottom of the hair root as the boundary.
  • the reticular layer occupies most of the dermis.
  • the leather layer 2 of the present invention is configured by significantly removing the reticular layer of leather.
  • the method for removing the reticular layer is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by using a conventional method, scraping, cutting, or tearing. For example, it is done by thinly shaving the reticular layer to the desired thickness using a shaving machine.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the reticular layer in the leather layer is 5% or less, and the ratio of the thickness of the papillary layer is 95% or more. Further, the ratio of the thickness of the reticular layer is preferably 3% or less, the ratio of the thickness of the papillary layer is preferably 97% or more, the ratio of the thickness of the reticular layer is 1% or less, and the ratio of the thickness of the papillary layer. Is more preferably 99% or more.
  • silver floating is preferably prevented, and the weight of the finally obtained laminate is preferable. It will be lighter.
  • the thickness of the leather layer is preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 0.45 mm, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 0.4 mm. If the thickness of the leather layer exceeds the above range, problems such as silver floating may occur and the weight of the finally obtained laminate may become heavy. In the present invention, the thickness of each layer is taken as an average value obtained by measuring the thickness of 10 points on the cross section of the laminated body.
  • any fiber layer 3 can be used as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
  • natural fibers such as cotton and wool, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester and acrylic can be used.
  • Synthetic fibers such as polyurethane, recycled fibers such as rayon, and non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or woven fabrics made of a combination thereof can be used. From the viewpoint of adhesiveness, cushioning property and environment, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics made of spun yarns (short fibers) of natural fibers are preferably used.
  • the thickness of the fiber layer is preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
  • the weight per unit area of the fiber layer is preferably 30 to 800 g / m 2 , more preferably 40 to 350 g / m 2 , and particularly preferably 50 to 150 g / m 2.
  • a laminate having improved weight and hardness of natural leather can be obtained.
  • any adhesive can be used as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
  • an acrylic resin-based adhesive, a urethane resin-based adhesive, or a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive Cellulous adhesives, ethylene-vinyl acetate adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, silicone adhesives, rubber adhesives, vinyl chloride adhesives, polyamide adhesives and the like.
  • an acrylic resin-based adhesive or a urethane resin-based adhesive is used.
  • one or a plurality of surface treatment layers are optionally formed according to desired purposes such as coloring, gloss adjustment, and abrasion resistance. May be good.
  • the laminate 1 is formed by adhering urethane foam, non-woven fabric, knitted fabric, woven fibers, etc. under the fiber layer 3 of the laminate 1 of the present invention by an adhesive, frame lamination, or the like. Can be provided with cushioning properties to further improve the tactile sensation from the leather layer 2.
  • the weight per unit area of the laminate 1 of the present invention is preferably 300 to 600 g / m 2 , more preferably 300 to 500 g / m 2 , and particularly preferably 300 to 450 g / m 2. preferable.
  • the laminate of the present invention can achieve a weight reduction of 20 to 70% as compared with natural leather.
  • the elongation rate of the laminate 1 of the present invention is preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 35 to 65%, and particularly preferably 40 to 60%. Since the laminated body of the present invention has the above-mentioned elongation rate, wrinkles are less likely to occur, sewing is easy, and appropriate elasticity is achieved.
  • the method for measuring the elongation rate is the elongation at the time of cutting JIS K6251 or the fabric test method for JIS L 1096 woven fabrics and knitted fabrics.
  • the laminate of the present invention has (A) a step of tanning the raw leather to make leather, (B) a step of removing a predetermined amount of the reticulated layer of the leather to obtain a leather layer, and (C) the leather layer.
  • the fiber layer can be produced by a step of laminating through an adhesive layer.
  • the step of laminating is not particularly limited, but a method of applying or spraying a liquid adhesive to the back side and / or the fiber layer of the leather layer to superimpose and dry the two, and applying the hot melt adhesive layer to the leather layer and the fiber layer. It can be done by a method of sticking with a pinch, a press ironing machine or the like.
  • the laminate of the present invention has advantages such as no silver floating, less wrinkles, easy sewing, light weight, and high tear strength, and has advantages such as vehicle interior materials, interior materials, bags, shoes, and clothing. It can be used in various fields such as. Further, the laminate of the present invention satisfies the physical properties required for a vehicle interior material, particularly a vehicle seat expected to have appropriate elasticity.
  • Example 1 The reticular layer of leather (thickness 1.2 mm, weight 980 g / m 2 per unit area) prepared by tanning the raw cow skin is completely scraped off using a shaving machine (manufactured by Rizzi), and the papillae are used. Only the layer was left to form a leather layer (thickness 0.40 mm).
  • a liquid adhesive water-soluble acrylic resin manufactured by Lanxess
  • the layers were laminated and dried to obtain a laminate (thickness 0.62 mm, weight per unit area 407 g / m 2 ).
  • Example 2 A reticulated layer of leather (thickness 1.2 mm, weight 980 g / m 2 per unit area) prepared by tanning the raw cow skin is shaved using a shaving machine (manufactured by Rizzi) to form a leather layer. (Thickness 0.42 mm; the ratio of the thickness of the reticulated layer is 5%, the ratio of the thickness of the papillary layer is 95%).
  • a liquid adhesive water-soluble acrylic resin manufactured by Lanxess
  • the layers were laminated and dried to obtain a laminate (thickness 0.64 mm, weight per unit area 430 g / m 2 ).
  • Cowhide prepared by tanning the raw leather (thickness 1.2 mm, weight per unit area 980 g / m 2 ).
  • Elongation rate 100 x length when cut (cm) / length when no load (cm) 2. Tear strength The tear strength of each laminated body is measured by pulling the test piece of the laminated body test piece (40 mm x 150 mm, slit 100 mm) up and down with a tensile tester (tensile speed: 200 ⁇ 20 mm per minute), and the test piece breaks.
  • Comparative Example 1 in which the ratio of the thickness of the papillary layer is 80% is inferior to the laminate of the present invention in terms of silver floating, improvement in weight, and beauty after sewing. there were. Further, in Comparative Example 2 in which the fiber layer was not laminated, the strength was remarkably inferior and sewing was impossible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一部又は全部の網状層が除去された天然皮革からなる皮革層（２）と、前記皮革層の裏側に位置する天然及び／又は合成繊維からなる繊維層（３）と、前記皮革層と前記繊維層との間の接着剤層（４）と、を有する積層体（１）であって、前記皮革層における網状層の厚さの割合が５％以下であり、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９５％以上である、積層体。

Description

積層体
　本発明は、積層体、特に網状層を除去した皮革と繊維素材とを積層した積層体に関する。
　従来、天然皮革はその特有の風合い及び上質感等の優れた素材の特性を生かして、車両内装材、インテリア資材、鞄、靴、衣料等の様々な分野で用いられてきた。しかしながら、天然皮革製品は、使用時に、銀浮き（皮革の乳頭層と網状層が層間剥離して外観が悪化する現象）が生じることがあり、大きな問題となっている。
　また、天然皮革は重い素材であるため、バッグ等の製品を天然皮革で作製した場合、その重さが気になることがあった。さらに、天然皮革製品は、特に使い始めに硬く手触りが良くないと感じることがあった。従って、天然皮革のこれらの点が改善されるならば、天然皮革の魅力が一層高められ、需要が促される可能性がある。
　天然皮革を使用した材料として、特許文献１には、なめし革の裏面の一部を削除し、ホットメルト接着剤を用いて基層材と貼り合わせた皮革積層体が記載されている。また特許文献２には、天然皮革とメッシュ状の布を積層した表皮材が記載されている。さらに特許文献３には、自動車のインストルメントパネルに適した熱収縮性が低い材料とするために、牛皮革の厚みに対する銀面層の厚みの比を特定することが開示されている。
特許第６００８３７４号公報 特許第６３８６３２９号公報 特開２０１３－２５５３２号公報
　しかしながら、従来技術においては、上記問題が十分に解決されているとは言えない。本発明は、上記の問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、天然皮革の上質感を活かしながら、銀浮きによる外観の悪化を抑制し、重さ及び硬さの改善を実現することにある。
　本発明者らは、種々検討を重ねた結果、天然皮革の網状層を大幅に除去し、繊維層で置き換えることにより、上記課題を解決し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
　前記課題を解決するため、本発明の積層体により解決される。即ち、本発明は、
（１）一部又は全部の網状層が除去された天然皮革からなる皮革層と、
　前記皮革層の裏側に位置する天然及び／又は合成繊維からなる繊維層と、
　前記皮革層と前記繊維層との間の接着剤層と、
を有する積層体であって、
　前記皮革層における網状層の厚さの割合が５％以下であり、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９５％以上である、積層体、
（２）前記皮革層の厚さが０．３～０．５ｍｍ未満である、（１）に記載の積層体、
（３）伸び率が３０～８０％である、（１）又は（２）に記載の積層体、
（４）前記繊維層が、天然繊維の短繊維からなる不織布である、（１）～（３）のいずれかに記載の積層体、
（５）（１）～（４）のいずれかに記載の積層体を有する車両内装用材料、
（６）（１）～（４）のいずれかに記載の積層体を有する車両用シート、
に関する。
　本発明によれば、天然皮革の上質感を活かしながら、銀浮きによる外観の悪化を抑制し、重さ及び硬さの改善を実現することが可能となる。
本発明の一実施形態にかかる積層体の断面図である。
　本発明の積層体１は、図１に示すように、皮革層２、繊維層３、及び皮革層と繊維層との間の接着剤層４とを有するものである。
（皮革層２）
　本発明の積層体１における皮革層２は、網状層が大幅に除去された天然皮革からなる。本発明において、「天然皮革」とは、牛、馬、豚、山羊、羊、鹿、カンガルー等の哺乳類、ダチョウ等の鳥類、ヘビ、ワニ等の爬虫類等に由来するものを挙げることができるがこれらに限定されない。なかでも、汎用性が高く、面積が大きな牛皮が好ましい。天然皮革の採取元となる生物の皮革採取部位は、特に限定されない。原皮は、表皮、真皮及び皮下組織（筋肉・脂肪等）で構成されている。皮革は、そのうち真皮のみを鞣して作られる。鞣しの方法としては、タンニン鞣し、クロム鞣し及びそのコンビネーション鞣し等が使用される。
　真皮は、毛根底部を境として、上層部分の乳頭層と下層部分の網状層に区別される。網状層は真皮の大部分を占めている。本発明の皮革層２は、皮革の網状層を大幅に除去することにより構成される。網状層を除去する方法としては、特に限定されず、従来の方法を使用し、削る、切り取る、又は引き裂くことにより行うことができる。例えば、シェービングマシンを用いて、所望の厚さになるまで、網状層を薄く削ることにより行われる。
本発明の積層体においては、皮革層における網状層の厚さの割合が５％以下、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９５％以上である。また、網状層の厚さの割合が３％以下、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９７％以上であることが好ましく、網状層の厚さの割合が１％以下、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９９％以上であることがさらに好ましい。本発明においては、皮革の網状層を除去し、乳頭層及び網状層の割合を前記範囲内でとすることにより、銀浮きが好適に防止され、最終的に得られる積層体の重さが好適に軽量化される。
　皮革層の厚さは、０．３～０．５ｍｍであることが好ましく、０．３～０．４５ｍｍであることがより好ましく、０．３～０．４ｍｍであることが特に好ましい。皮革層の厚さが上記範囲を超える場合、銀浮きが生じたり、最終的に得られる積層体の重さが重くなってしまう等の問題が起こったりすることがある。
　なお本発明において、各層の厚さは、積層体断面の１０点の厚さを測定し、その平均値とする。
（繊維層３）
　本発明の積層体１における繊維層３としては、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で、任意のものを使用することができ、例えば、木綿、ウール等の天然繊維、ポリエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、アクリル、ポリウレタン等の合成繊維、レーヨン等の再生繊維、及びこれらの組合せからなる不織布、編物又は織物を使用することができる。接着性、クッション性及び環境面から、好ましくは、天然繊維のスパン糸（短繊維）からなる編物、織物、不織布が使用される。
　繊維層の厚さは、０．２～２．０ｍｍであることが好ましく、０．３～１．５ｍｍであることがより好ましく、０．５～１．２ｍｍであることが特に好ましい。繊維層の厚さが前記範囲内であれば、天然皮革の重さ及び硬さが改善された積層体を得ることができる。
　繊維層の単位面積当たりの重量は、３０～８００ｇ／ｍ２であることが好ましく、４０～３５０ｇ／ｍ２であることがより好ましく、５０～１５０ｇ／ｍ２であることが特に好ましい。繊維層の単位面積当たりの重量が前記範囲内であれば、天然皮革の重さ及び硬さが改善された積層体を得ることができる。
（接着剤層４）
　接着剤層４に用いられる接着剤は、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で、任意のものを使用することができ、例えば、アクリル樹脂系接着剤、ウレタン樹脂系接着剤、シアノアクリレート系接着剤、セルロース系接着剤、エチレン－酢酸ビニル系接着剤、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤、シリコーン系接着剤、ゴム系接着剤、塩化ビニル系接着剤、ポリアミド系接着剤等が挙げられる。好ましくは、アクリル樹脂系接着剤又はウレタン樹脂系接着剤が使用される。
（表面処理層）
　また、本発明の積層体１の皮革層２の表面には、着色や光沢の調整、耐摩耗性等、所望の目的に合わせて、１層又は複数層の表面処理層を任意で形成してもよい。
（ラミネーション）
　また、本発明の積層体１の繊維層３の下に、ウレタンフォーム、または、不織布、編物、織物の繊維等を、接着剤、もしくは、フレームラミネーション等の方法で接着する事によって、積層体１にクッション性を持たせ、皮革層２からの触感を更に改善することもできる。
　本発明の積層体１の単位面積当たりの重量は、３００～６００ｇ／ｍ２であることが好ましく、３００～５００ｇ／ｍ２であることがより好ましく、３００～４５０ｇ／ｍ２であることが特に好ましい。本発明の積層体は、天然皮革と比較して、２０～７０％の軽量化が達成できる。
　本発明の積層体１の伸び率は、３０～８０％であることが好ましく、３５～６５％であることがより好ましく、４０～６０％であることが特に好ましい。本発明の積層体は、上記伸び率を有することにより、しわの発生が少なく、縫製がしやすく、適度な伸縮性が達成される。伸び率の測定方法は、ＪＩＳ　Ｋ６２５１切断時の伸びまたはＪＩＳ　Ｌ　１０９６織物及び編物の生地試験方法とする。
　本発明の積層体は、（Ａ）原皮に鞣処理等を施し、皮革とする工程、（Ｂ）前記皮革の網状層を所定量除去し、皮革層を得る工程、及び（Ｃ）前記皮革層と繊維層とを、接着剤層を介して積層する工程により製造することができる。
　積層する工程は、特に限定されないが、液状の接着剤を皮革層の裏側及び／又は繊維層に塗布、又はスプレーして両者を重ね合わせ乾燥させる方法、ホットメルト接着剤層を皮革層と繊維層との間にはさみ、プレスアイロン機等を用いて貼り合わせる方法等により行うことができる。中でも、浸透及び接着度の調整を塗布量で調整しやすいことから、接着剤をコーターで皮革層の裏側及び／又は繊維層に塗布して両者を重ね合わせ乾燥させる方法が好ましい。
（用途）
　本発明の積層体は、銀浮きがなく、しわの発生が少なく、縫製がしやすく、軽量であり、引き裂き強度が高い等の利点を有し、車両内装材、インテリア資材、鞄、靴、衣料等の様々な分野にて使用することができる。また本発明の積層体は、車両内装用材料、特に、適度な伸縮性が期待される車両用シートとして要求される物性を満たすものである。
　本発明を実施例を挙げてさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
（実施例１）
　牛の原皮に鞣処理等を施して調製された皮革（厚さ１．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量９８０ｇ／ｍ２）の網状層を、シェービングマシン（Ｒｉｚｚｉ社製）を用いて全て削ぎ、乳頭層のみを残し、皮革層とした（厚さ０．４０ｍｍ）。綿糸の短繊維からなる繊維層（厚さ０．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量５５ｇ／ｍ２）に、液状の接着剤（Ｌａｎｘｅｓｓ社製の水溶性アクリル樹脂）を３０ｇ／ｍ２塗布し、皮革層と重ね合わせ乾燥させ、積層体を得た（厚さ０．６２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量４０７ｇ／ｍ２）。
（実施例２）
　牛の原皮に鞣処理等を施して調製された皮革（厚さ１．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量９８０ｇ／ｍ２）の網状層を、シェービングマシン（Ｒｉｚｚｉ社製）を用いて削ぎ、皮革層とした（厚さ０．４２ｍｍ；網状層の厚さの割合が５％、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９５％）。綿糸の短繊維からなる繊維層（厚さ０．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量５５ｇ／ｍ２）に、液状の接着剤（Ｌａｎｘｅｓｓ社製の水溶性アクリル樹脂）を３０ｇ／ｍ２塗布し、皮革層と重ね合わせ乾燥させ、積層体を得た（厚さ０．６４ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量４３０ｇ／ｍ２）。
（対照例）
　原皮に鞣処理等を施して調製された牛皮革（厚さ１．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量９８０ｇ／ｍ２）。
（比較例１）
　原皮に鞣処理等を施して調製された牛皮革（厚さ１．２ｍｍ）の網状層の一部を、シェービングマシン（Ｒｉｚｚｉ社製）を用いて削ぎ、皮革層を得た（厚さ０．５０ｍｍ、網状層の厚さの割合が２０％、乳頭層の厚さの割合が８０％）。綿糸の短繊維からなる繊維層（厚さ０．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量５５ｇ／ｍ２）に、液状の接着剤（Ｌａｎｘｅｓｓ社製の水溶性アクリル樹脂）を３０ｇ／ｍ２塗布し、皮革層と重ね合わせ乾燥させ、積層体を得た（厚さ０．７２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量４９７ｇ／ｍ２）。
（比較例２）
　牛の原皮に鞣処理等を施して調製された皮革（厚さ１．２ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量９８０ｇ／ｍ２）の網状層を、シェービングマシン（Ｒｉｚｚｉ社製）を用いて全て削ぎ、乳頭層のみを残した（厚さ０．４０ｍｍ、単位面積当たりの重量３１３ｇ／ｍ２）。
（評価方法）
１．伸び率
　各積層体の伸び率の測定方法は、積層体の試験片を引張試験機によって引張り（引張速度：毎分１００±２０ｍｍ）、切断するまでの積層体の伸びを％にて表す。
　伸び率（％）＝１００×切断時の長さ（ｃｍ）／非荷重時の長さ（ｃｍ）
２．引き裂き強度
　各積層体の引き裂き強度の測定法は、積層体の試験片（４０ｍｍｘ１５０ｍｍ、スリット１００ｍｍ）の試験片を引張試験機によって上下に引っ張り（引張速度：毎分２００±２０ｍｍ）、試験片が破断するまでの試験機の指針の示す最大の強さをＮにて表す。
３．銀浮き
　各積層体の表面の銀浮きの有無を、以下のＡ～Ｃで評価した。
Ａ：なし
Ｂ：少々目立つ
Ｃ：目立つ
４．縫製のしやすさ
　各積層体で車両用シートを作製する際の縫製のしやすさを、以下のＡ～Ｃで評価した。
Ａ：容易
Ｂ：やや困難
Ｃ：困難
５．縫製後の美しさ
　各積層体で車両用シートを作製した際の縫製後の美しさを、以下のＡ～Ｃで評価した。
Ａ：しわがない
Ｂ：しわがやや目立つ
Ｃ：しわが目立つ
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　対照例である普通の皮革は、銀浮きが目立ち、非常に重く、伸び率や強度が低く、縫製しにくく、縫製後のしわが気になるものであった。これに対し、本発明の積層体は、銀浮きによる外観の悪化が抑制され、重さ、伸び率及び強度が改善され、さらに縫製が容易で、縫製後にしわが生じないことが確認された（実施例１及び２）。また乳頭層の厚さの割合が９５％である実施例２よりも、乳頭層の厚さの割合が１００％である実施例１の方が更に銀浮きが改善されていた。しかしながら、乳頭層の厚さの割合が８０％である比較例１の積層体は、本発明の積層体と比べ、銀浮きや重さの改善、及び縫製後の美しさの点で劣るものであった。また、繊維層と積層させない比較例２においては、強度が著しく劣り、縫製が不可能であった。
１　積層体
２　皮革層
３　繊維層
４　接着剤層

Claims (6)

  1. 　一部又は全部の網状層が除去された天然皮革からなる皮革層と、
    　前記皮革層の裏側に位置する天然及び／又は合成繊維からなる繊維層と、
    　前記皮革層と前記繊維層との間の接着剤層と、
    を有する積層体であって、
    　前記皮革層における網状層の厚さの割合が５％以下であり、乳頭層の厚さの割合が９５％以上である、積層体。
  2. 　前記皮革層の厚さが０．３～０．５ｍｍ未満である、請求項１に記載の積層体。
  3. 　伸び率が３０～８０％である、請求項１又は２に記載の積層体。
  4. 　前記繊維層が、天然繊維の短繊維からなる不織布である、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
  5. 　請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の積層体を有する車両内装用材料。
  6. 　請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の積層体を有する車両用シート。
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CN114728489A (zh) 2022-07-08
JPWO2021117333A1 (ja) 2021-06-17

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