WO2021111860A1 - 感光性組成物、ネガ型感光性組成物、画素分割層および有機el表示装置 - Google Patents
感光性組成物、ネガ型感光性組成物、画素分割層および有機el表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021111860A1 WO2021111860A1 PCT/JP2020/042729 JP2020042729W WO2021111860A1 WO 2021111860 A1 WO2021111860 A1 WO 2021111860A1 JP 2020042729 W JP2020042729 W JP 2020042729W WO 2021111860 A1 WO2021111860 A1 WO 2021111860A1
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Images
Classifications
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
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- C08K5/3417—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
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- C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0007—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with inorganic coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/002—Influencing the physical properties by treatment with an amine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/12—Treatment with organosilicon compounds
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
- G03F7/0007—Filters, e.g. additive colour filters; Components for display devices
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/033—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0384—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable with ethylenic or acetylenic bands in the main chain of the photopolymer
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0388—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable with ethylenic or acetylenic bands in the side chains of the photopolymer
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/105—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having substances, e.g. indicators, for forming visible images
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
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- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
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- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/122—Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
- H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
- H10K2102/3026—Top emission
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
- H10K59/8792—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. black layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive composition, a negative photosensitive composition, a pixel dividing layer, and an organic EL display device.
- EL organic electroluminescence
- a laminated film in which a transparent conductive film is laminated on the surface of a metal reflective layer is used as an electrode arranged on the opposite side of the light extraction direction.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- ITZO Indium Tin Zinc Oxide
- IZO Indium Zinc Oxide
- Patent Document 1 discloses a bottom-emission type organic EL display device capable of winding a display unit, and exemplifies the use of a silver alloy as a metal reflective layer of a light emitting element.
- Patent Document 2 a top-emission type organic EL display including a light emitting element including an anode electrode made of a patterned laminated film in which a transparent conductive film (thickness 10 nm) is formed on the surface of a silver alloy (thickness 100 nm). The device is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 when an electrical short circuit occurs in a light emitting element, the light emitting output of each of a large number of arranged pixels is lowered, or a part of the pixels is not lit, so that the quality of the display device is lowered. It is disclosed that it will be done.
- the self-luminous organic EL display device has a problem that the visibility tends to be deteriorated when external light such as sunlight is incident on the display unit.
- a technique of blackening a pixel dividing layer formed for dividing between pixels of each light emitting element such as red / blue / green to impart light-shielding property has attracted attention.
- the pixel-divided layer is required to have high insulating properties and low dielectric constant
- a photosensitive composition containing an organic pigment exhibiting black as a coloring material for imparting light-shielding properties has been proposed.
- Various dispersants are used to refine the organic pigment and stabilize the dispersion.
- a negative photosensitive composition containing a polyether-based dispersant having one tertiary amino group in the molecule as a pigment adsorbing group, or a negative-type photosensitive composition containing a urethane-based dispersant having a heterocycle.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a negative photosensitive composition containing an acrylic dispersant having a quaternary ammonium base and a tertiary amino group as pigment adsorbing groups.
- the first electrode is a laminated film containing a silver alloy film and the negative photosensitive compositions disclosed in Patent Documents 4 and 5 are used to form the pixel division layers
- the development residue is generated.
- a convex portion is formed on the surface of the electrode located at the opening of the pixel division layer.
- a raised object is generated due to corrosion of the electrode and a convex portion is generated.
- the photosensitive composition for forming a pixel-divided layer is used for a long period of time at a constant temperature of -15 ° C or lower for the purpose of inactivating components such as a photosensitive agent and a thermosetting agent that tend to be easily deteriorated by heat.
- the dispersion stabilizing function that the dispersant should originally develop is likely to be impaired, and there is also a problem that convex portions on the electrodes are more likely to occur.
- the generation of protrusions causes an electrical short circuit when the organic EL display device is driven, and is one of the factors that cause pixels that are not lit. Therefore, the generation of development residues and the corrosion of electrodes are suppressed and the pixels are generated.
- a photosensitive composition or a negative-type photosensitive composition capable of forming a split layer and having excellent freezing and storage stability has been desired. Furthermore, an organic EL display device that suppresses the generation of non-lighting pixels has been desired.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a photosensitive composition containing (a) a pigment, (b) a resin having two or more tertiary amino groups in the molecule, and (c) a photosensitive agent.
- the component (b) is a photosensitive composition containing a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1).
- a second aspect of the present invention is (a-1) an organic black pigment or (a-2) a mixed color organic black pigment, (b) a resin having two or more tertiary amino groups in the molecule, and ( c) A negative-type photosensitive composition containing a photosensitizer, wherein the component (b) contains a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1). It is a composition.
- a third aspect of the present invention is an organic EL having a pixel dividing layer containing two or more tertiary amino groups in the molecule and a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1). It is a display device.
- the generation of development residue on the surface of the electrode composed of the laminated film of the transparent conductive film and the silver alloy film and the corrosion of the electrode are suppressed to provide light shielding property. It is possible to form the pixel division layer having the pixel division layer, and it is possible to store the pixel division layer under freezing, and it is possible to suppress the generation of non-lighting pixels in the organic EL display device provided with the pixel division layer. Further, according to the organic EL display device of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the generation of non-lighting pixels.
- the numerical range represented by using “-" means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the pixel division layer means a pixel division layer included in the organic EL display device. Visible light means light in a region having a wavelength of 380 nm or more and less than 780 nm, and near-ultraviolet light means light in a region having a wavelength of 200 nm or more and less than 380 nm.
- the light-shielding means a function of lowering the intensity of transmitted light as compared with the intensity of light incident on the cured film in the direction perpendicular to the cured film, and the light-shielding property means a degree of blocking visible light.
- the negative-type photosensitive composition means a negative-type photosensitive composition that is photosensitive to near-ultraviolet rays and is alkaline-developed, and does not have photosensitivity to near-ultraviolet rays. It does not include compositions or organic solvent-developed compositions.
- the resin means a compound having a polymer chain and having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or more, and does not include a low molecular weight compound having a weight average molecular weight of less than 1000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is a value obtained by analysis by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as a carrier and converted using a calibration curve using standard polystyrene.
- CI used in the name of the coloring material is an abbreviation for Color Index Generic Name, and based on the color index issued by The Society of Dyeers and Colorists, the coloring material registered in the color index is Color. Index Generic Name represents the chemical structure or crystal form of a pigment or dye.
- the yellow pigment is a pigment belonging to "CI pigment yellow”
- the blue pigment is a pigment belonging to "CI pigment blue”
- the red pigment is "CI pigment blue”.
- Pigment Red and purple pigments include pigments belonging to CI Pigment Violet, and the same applies to the description of orange pigments, brown pigments, green pigments, black pigments and the like. The specific structure of the colorant not registered in the color index will be illustrated.
- C.I. I. Carbon black classified into Pigment Black 7 and the like is classified as an inorganic black pigment regardless of its crystallinity and insulating property. Further, azine compounds represented by aniline black and the like are classified as black dyes. Therefore, C.I. I. Pigment Blacks 1 and 21 are not included in the organic black pigments herein. Further, the azo-based black pigment does not include an inorganic black pigment whose surface is modified with an organic group having an azo group.
- the photosensitive composition according to the first aspect of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as a photosensitive composition) has (a) a pigment and (b) two or more tertiary amino groups in the molecule.
- the negative photosensitive composition (hereinafter, may be referred to as a negative photosensitive composition) according to the second aspect of the present invention is (a-1) an organic black pigment or (a-2) a color mixture.
- * represents a binding site with a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- a 1 O, A 2 O, A 3 O and A 4 O each independently represent an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 1 and a 3 are integers and independently represent 1 to 100.
- a 2 and a 4 are integers and independently represent 0 to 100.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the photosensitive composition according to the first aspect of the present invention contains (a) a pigment.
- the pigment referred to here refers to a pigment contained in the photosensitive composition, which has a property of absorbing light having a wavelength of at least a part of visible light. Based on the common general technical knowledge of those skilled in the art, metal fillers such as silver and copper do not belong to the category of (a) pigments regardless of their optical properties. By containing the pigment (a), it is possible to impart light-shielding properties to the pixel dividing layer obtained by curing the photosensitive composition of the present invention.
- the pigment (a) include known organic pigments and inorganic pigments, and those having a black color are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent light-shielding property.
- the organic pigment examples include (a-1) organic black pigment and (a-2) mixed color organic black pigment, which will be described later.
- the (a-2) mixed color organic black pigment referred to here is a group consisting of (a-1) an organic black pigment and (a-2-1) an organic yellow pigment, an organic red pigment and an organic orange pigment. It consists of a mixture of at least one selected color pigment and (a-2-2) organic blue pigment and / or organic purple pigment, and comprises (a-2-1) component and (a-2-2) component. It refers to a pigment mixture in which the ratio of the component (a-2-2) to the total amount is in the range of 20 to 90% by weight.
- a pseudo-blackened pixel division layer can be obtained by subtractive color mixing of the component (a-2-1) and the component (a-2-2).
- the (a-1) organic black pigment is contained, even if the organic pigment belonging to the above (a-2-1) component and / or the (a-2-2) component is contained, (a) is contained.
- -1) It is defined as belonging to the classification of organic black pigments.
- the inorganic pigment examples include carbon black, titanium nitride, titanium oxynitride, zirconium nitride, and zirconium oxynitride.
- the organic pigment preferably contains the component (a-1) or the component (a-2).
- the content of the pigment (a) is preferably 15 to 45% by weight based on the total solid content of the photosensitive composition in order to achieve both light-shielding properties and developability of the pixel dividing layer.
- the solid content means a component other than the solvent contained in the photosensitive composition.
- An organic pigment and an inorganic pigment may be mixed and used, but in order to improve the exposure alignment using near infrared rays, that is, the alignment accuracy between the exposure mask and the substrate, which will be described later, (a) the organic pigment in the pigment Is desired to be contained in an amount of 50% by weight or more to obtain a desired light-shielding property.
- the photosensitive composition of the present invention has either negative or positive photosensitive. It has negative photosensitive properties, in which the film in the exposed area is photocured by pattern exposure via an exposure mask, which will be described later, to reduce alkali solubility, and the film in the unexposed area is removed with an alkaline developer to form a pattern. May be.
- the film of the exposed part is removed by the alkaline developer by making the alkali solubility of the film of the exposed part relatively higher than the alkali solubility of the film of the unexposed part by pattern exposure through the exposure mask. It may have positive photosensitivity to form a pattern.
- the negative photosensitive composition according to the second aspect of the present invention contains (a-1) an organic black pigment or (a-2) a mixed color organic black pigment.
- the organic black pigment (a-1) and the mixed color organic black pigment (a-2) are the same as those described in the first aspect described above.
- Examples of the (a-1) organic black pigment include benzodifuranone-based black pigments, perylene-based black pigments, azo-based black pigments, and anthraquinone-based black pigments. Among them, benzodifuranone-based black pigments and perylene-based black pigments are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent heat resistance and dispersibility, and benzodifuranone-based black pigments are more preferable from the viewpoint of excellent light-shielding properties.
- the benzodifuranone-based black pigment refers to an organic black pigment having a polycyclic structure in which two furanone rings are condensed on one benzene ring in the molecule.
- Bis-oxo described in International Publication No. 2009/010521.
- Dihydroindolylene-benzodifuranone can be mentioned.
- the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) is preferably mentioned.
- the isomers include geometric isomers and tautomers.
- the isomers may be contained as a mixture, or a plurality of kinds of compounds having an isomer relationship may form a mixed crystal to form one crystallite or primary particles.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, respectively.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 10 are hydrogen atoms and have a lactam ring structure in terms of excellent heat resistance. That is, the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (4) is more preferable.
- the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) can be synthesized by reacting isatin or a derivative thereof with 2,5-dihydrobenzene-1,4-diacetic acid. it can. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify isatin or a derivative thereof so that the residual amount is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (4) a commercially available product may be used, and examples thereof include "Irgaphor" (registered trademark) Black S0100 (manufactured by BASF).
- the perylene-based black pigment refers to an organic black pigment having a perylene skeleton in the molecule, for example, a perylene-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (5) or (6) and C.I. I. Pigment Blacks 31 and 32 can be mentioned.
- R 11 to R 18 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group.
- a perylene system composed of an isomer mixture of a compound represented by the structural formula (7), which is a cis form, and a compound represented by the structural formula (8), which is a trans form, in terms of excellent light-shielding property and heat resistance. Black pigments are more preferred. It is more preferable to contain 30% by weight or more of the trans body based on the total of the cis body and the trans body in terms of high ultraviolet transmittance and excellent photocurability.
- the isomer mixture of the compound represented by the structural formula (5) which is a cis form and the compound represented by the structural formula (6) which is a trans form is o-phenylenediamine or a derivative thereof, and perylene-3,4. It can be synthesized by reacting with, 9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify the o-phenylenediamine or its derivative so that the residual amount is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- the azo-based black pigment refers to an organic black pigment having an azo bond in the molecule.
- the azo-based black pigments described in JP-A-2010-116549 and JP-A-2017-193689 are preferably mentioned.
- the azo-based black pigment can be synthesized by an azo coupling reaction. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify the pigment so that the residual amount of free chlorine produced as a by-product is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- the anthraquinone-based black pigment refers to a black pigment having an anthraquinone skeleton in the molecule, and examples thereof include anthraquinone-based black pigment having two lactam rings in the molecule described in JP-A-2018-1445335.
- the anthraquinone-based black pigment can be synthesized by reacting isatin or a derivative thereof with 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify isatin or a derivative thereof and 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone so that the residual amount of each is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- Examples of the organic pigment constituting the (a-2) mixed color organic black pigment will be described.
- Examples of the organic yellow pigment belonging to (a-2-1) include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 120, 138, 139, 151, 175, 180, 185, 181, 192, 194 can be preferably mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- Examples of the organic orange pigment belonging to (a-2-1) include C.I. I. Pigment Orange 13, 36, 43, 61, 64, 71, 72 can be mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination. Perinone-based orange pigments are preferable in that they are excellent in developability and heat resistance on a silver alloy film, and among them, C.I. I. Pigment Orange 43 is preferred.
- Pigment Orange 43 can be synthesized by reacting naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride with o-phenylenediamine to remove the trans isomer produced as a by-product. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify the o-phenylenediamine so that the residual amount is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- Examples of the organic red pigment belonging to (a-2-1) include C.I. I. Pigment Red 122, 123, 149, 179, 180, 189, 190, 202, 209, 254, 255, 264 can be preferably mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Perylene-based red pigments are preferable in that they are excellent in developability and heat resistance on a silver alloy film, and among them, C.I. I. Pigment Red 179 is preferred.
- C. I. Pigment Red 179 can be synthesized by the reaction of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride with methylamine. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify the o-phenylenediamine so that the residual amount is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- Examples of the organic blue pigment belonging to (a-2-2) include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 6, 16, 25, 26, 56, 57, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 75, 79, 80 may be preferred. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- C.I. which is an indanthrone blue pigment represented by the structural formula (11), is excellent in developability and heat resistance on a silver alloy film.
- I. Pigment Blue 60, a C.I. I. Pigment Blue 65 is preferred.
- C. I. Pigment Blue 60 can be synthesized by alkali-melting 2-aminoanthraquinone and subjecting it to a condensation reaction. In order to suppress the corrosion of the silver alloy film, it is desirable to purify the pigment so that the residual amount of 2-aminoanthraquinone is 100 ppm or less in the pigment.
- C.I. I. Pigment Blue 65 can be synthesized by the dimerization coupling reaction of Benzanthron. Further, in order to increase the exposure sensitivity, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 25, 26, C.I. I. It is preferable to use it in combination with Pigment Blue 60 and 65.
- Examples of the organic purple pigment belonging to (a-2-2) include C.I. I. Pigment Violet 19, 23, 29, 32, 37 can be preferably mentioned, and these may be used alone or in admixture of a plurality of types.
- C.I., a perylene-based purple pigment is excellent in developability and heat resistance on a silver alloy film.
- I. Pigment Violet 29, or C.I. I. Pigment Violet 37 is preferred.
- the chemical structures of the above components (a-1) and (a-2) can be obtained by centrifuging or vacuum treatment to obtain a photosensitive composition or a concentrate of a negative photosensitive composition, and the time-of-flight type secondary ions.
- Mass spectrometry TOF-SIMS
- time-of-flight mass spectrometry TOF-MS
- direct sample introduction method-ion trap type mass spectrometry NMR analysis
- LC-MS LC-MS
- ICP mass spectrometry infrared absorption spectrum
- a solution dissolved in an amide-based organic solvent such as dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone may be used as an analysis sample to improve the identification accuracy.
- the component (a-1) contained in the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention in order to lower the adsorptivity to the surface of the transparent conductive film and the silver alloy film to obtain more excellent developability.
- (a-2) component preferably has a coating layer on its surface, and the coating layer contains at least one coating material selected from the group consisting of silica, metal oxides and metal hydroxides.
- the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) has a coating layer on its surface, and the coating layer is composed of silica, a metal oxide and a metal hydroxide. More preferably, it contains at least one coating material of choice.
- the coating layer contains silica because it is inert to the silver alloy, has high insulating properties, and has an isoelectric point on the negative side.
- Silica obtained by reacting an organic acid or an inorganic acid with an alkali metal silicate is more preferable in that it has high alkali resistance to a developing solution, high moth hardness, and a dense silica layer can be obtained.
- a dilute aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and a dilute aqueous solution of alkaline alkali metal silicate are added in parallel to an aqueous medium maintained at pH 2 to 7, and silica hydrate is added on the surface of the pigment.
- Examples thereof include a method of precipitating and further dehydrating and sintering by heating to form a silica layer.
- the heating temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or higher in order to suppress the generation of moisture from the pixel dividing layer and prevent deterioration of the light emitting element, and has high hardness for suppressing chipping of the coating layer in the wet media dispersion treatment described later and peeling. 230 ° C. or higher is more preferable in order to obtain high adhesion to the pigment surface for suppressing the temperature.
- the temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or lower in order to suppress crystal transition and thermal decomposition of the organic pigment, and more preferably 280 ° C. or lower in order to suppress the generation of sublimated foreign substances. From the same viewpoint, the heating time is preferably 1 to 6 hours.
- the core organic pigment preferably has high hydrophilicity, high acid resistance, and high heat resistance, and among the components (a-1) and (a-2), the general formula (2) or the general formula (2)
- the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by (3) is most preferable.
- a part of the matrix structure composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms is further contained with a part of zirconium atom to form -Si-O-Zr-. Further introduction of a composite structure of O—Si— may be introduced.
- a zirconium atom can be introduced into a part of the coating layer by adhering a zirconium source to the coating layer containing silica and then firing.
- zirconium source tetraalkoxyzirconium such as zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium tetra-iso-propoxide, zirconium tetraethoxydo, and zirconium tetra-n-butoxide can be used.
- the component (a-1) or the component (a-2) contained in the photosensitive composition or the negative photosensitive composition of the present invention has a high light-shielding property and is excellent in developability on a silver alloy film.
- the organic black pigment consisting of a coating layer containing silver and a nucleus containing a benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3) or an isomer thereof is most preferable.
- a coating layer containing silica it is possible to enhance the adsorptivity of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) described later to the pigment surface, and the pigment due to contact with the developing solution in the developing step. It is possible to reduce the generation of development residues due to reaggregation and reattachment.
- the content of the component (a-1) is 15 to 40% by weight based on the total solid content of the photosensitive composition or the negative photosensitive composition in order to achieve both the light-shielding property and the developability of the pixel dividing layer. From the same viewpoint, the content of the component (a-2) is preferably 25 to 45% by weight based on the total solid content.
- the total solid content means a component other than the solvent contained in the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition.
- each of the organic pigments constituting the components (a-1) and (a-2) is used.
- the specific surface area of is preferably 10 m 2 / g or more in order to avoid the mixture of coarse particles and suppress the generation of non-lighting pixels.
- 80 m 2 / g or less is preferable in order to suppress an increase in the viscosity of the pigment dispersion liquid.
- the specific surface area can be measured by the BET method based on the amount of nitrogen gas adsorbed.
- a dye may be contained within a range that does not adversely affect the effect of the present invention, and the spectral reflectance of the pixel division layer and the light scattering property inside the film may be finely adjusted. Good.
- the photosensitive composition or negative photosensitive composition of the present invention contains (b) a resin having two or more tertiary amino groups in the molecule, and is represented by the general formula (1) as the component (b). Contains a resin having a structure to be used.
- the bonding position in the molecule of the tertiary amino group is not particularly limited, and not only the tertiary amino group which is a terminal group or a side chain but also the main chain derived from polyamine and the tertiary amine structure as a linking group are also included. Inclusive.
- the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) has, as the first effect, a high dispersion stabilizing effect on the pigment (a), particularly the component (a-1) and the component (a-2). Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently promote fineness during the production of the pigment dispersion liquid described later, and even if it is stored for a long period of time under freezing, it is excellent in the effect of stabilizing the dispersed state. It is possible to suppress the generation of unwanted protrusions on the electrode due to the cause.
- the pigment agglomerates include not only pigment agglomerates that can be formed in a photosensitive composition or a negative photosensitive composition, but also pigment agglomerates that can be formed by contact with a developing solution during a developing process.
- a 1 O, A 2 O, A 3 O and A 4 O each independently represent an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 1 and a 3 are integers and independently represent 1 to 100.
- a 2 and a 4 are integers and independently represent 0 to 100.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the partial structure represented by [A 1 O] a 1 is a repeating unit containing a plurality of types of alkylene groups having different carbon atoms. It may be composed of. The same applies to the partial structures represented by [CO-A 2 O] a 2 , [A 3 O] a 3 , and [CO-A 4 O] a 4.
- Examples of A 1 O, A 2 O, A 3 O and A 4 O include an oxymethylene group, an oxyethylene group (hereinafter, may be referred to as “C 2 H 4 O”), and an oxypropylene group (hereinafter, referred to as “C 2 H 4 O”). Examples thereof include “C 3 H 6 O”), an oxybutylene group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "C 4 H 8 O”), and an oxypentylene group.
- oxyethylene groups and oxypropylene groups are preferable because they have excellent dispersibility of organic pigments and high developability on a silver alloy film, and both dispersibility and developability are compatible.
- an oxyethylene group and an oxypropylene group It is more preferable to contain both an oxyethylene group and an oxypropylene group.
- a 2 O and A 4 O an oxypropylene group, an oxybutylene group, and an oxypentylene group are preferable because of their excellent dispersion stabilizing effect and ease of synthesis.
- Examples of X 1 and X 2 include a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group. Among them, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are preferable, and a hydrogen atom is more preferable because of excellent developability. preferable.
- a 1 and a 3 representing the number of repeating units are integers, and 5 to 60 are preferable, and 10 to 40 are more preferable, respectively, in order to achieve both the dispersion stabilizing effect and the developability.
- a 2 and a 4 are preferably 0 to 20, more preferably 0 to 10.
- the partial structure represented by [A 1 O] a 1 and [A 3 O] a 3 that is, the (poly) oxyalkylene group is, for example, a cyclic ether such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or the like.
- Homopolymer of polyalkylene glycol such as alkylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and block type polyalkylene glycol of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are added to the primary amino group of an aliphatic amine having a primary amino group, which will be described later. It can be obtained by converting the hydrogen atom of (or a primary amine and a secondary amino group).
- block-type polyalkylene glycols having various carbon numbers / repeating units are commercially available, and examples thereof include “Synperonic” (registered trademark) F108, L35, L64, 121, “Synperonic” (registered trademark). Poloxamer (registered trademark) 237 (all manufactured by SIGMA-ALDRICH), “Pluronic” (registered trademark) P65, P84, P102, 105, F38, F77, F87 (all manufactured by BASF) ).
- the partial structures represented by [CO-A 2 O] a 2 and [CO-A 4 O] a 4 are, for example, ⁇ -lactone and ⁇ -propio. It can be obtained by adding a cyclic ester compound (or a polycondensate thereof) such as lactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone to the terminal hydroxyl group of the (poly) oxyalkylene group.
- At least one of [A 1 O] a 1 and [A 3 O] a 3 has a polyoxyethylene structure and a polyoxypropylene structure in that a higher dispersion stabilizing effect can be obtained. It is preferable to have a block-type polyoxyalkylene group composed of.
- the block type is a polyoxyalkylene chain composed of repeating units containing a plurality of types of alkylene groups having different carbon numbers, in which two or more types of oxyalkylene groups having a specific carbon number are connected in a number of repeating units of 5 or more.
- X 1 and X 2 are preferably hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, respectively, and at least one of them is preferably a hydrogen atom in order to increase hydrophilicity and improve developability.
- a specific example of a structure having a block-type polyoxyalkylene group composed of a polyoxyethylene structure and a polyoxypropylene group and having a hydrogen atom at the end of the polyoxyalkylene chain is a structure represented by the general formula (13).
- the structure represented by the general formula (14) and the structure represented by the general formula (15) are mentioned.
- the structure represented by the general formula (13) is excellent in that it is excellent in developability on a silver alloy film.
- the structure is more preferred.
- the sum of a 5 and a 6 corresponds to the number of repeating units a 1 in the general formula (1)
- the sum of a 7 and a 8 corresponds to the number of repeating units a 3 in the general formula (1).
- the tertiary amino group having two or more may be partially quaternized, but it is desirable that the tertiary amino group is not quaternized at all from the viewpoint of improving the developability on the silver alloy film. That is, it is preferable that the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) does not have a group having a quaternary ammonium cation or a quaternary ammonium base in the molecule.
- a 5, a 6, a 7, a 8 are integers, the sum is 1-100 a 5 and a 6, the sum of a 7 and a 8 is 1-100 .
- a 9 , a 10 , a 11 , and a 12 are integers, the sum of a 9 and a 10 is 1 to 100, and the sum of a 11 and a 12 is 1 to 100. ..
- a 13 , a 14 , a 15 , a 16 , a 17 , and a 18 are integers, and the sum of a 13 and a 14 and a 15 is 1 to 100, and a 16 and a.
- the sum of 17 and a 18 is 1 to 100.
- the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) has a total mol number of repeating units containing oxyalkylene groups having 1 and 2 carbon atoms, and a total mol number of repeating units containing oxyalkylene groups having 3 to 5 carbon atoms. It is preferable to contain a resin having a value divided by a number of 0.76 to 4.00. That is, when the total number of repeating units containing oxyalkylene groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is 100 mol%, the total number of repeating units containing oxyalkylene groups having 1 to 2 carbon atoms is 43.20 to 80.00 mol%. It is preferable to occupy.
- the unexposed portion in the vicinity of the surface of the silver alloy film is compared with the developing time required to dissolve and remove the film in the unexposed portion in the vicinity of the surface of the transparent conductive film in the developing step described later. It is possible to obtain an extraordinary effect that the developing time required to dissolve and remove the film is shortened. Therefore, usually, when the development is performed at an appropriately set development time optimized based on the minimum required development time on the transparent conductive film, the development residue on the silver alloy film can be further reduced as a result. 1.00 or more is more preferable. On the other hand, when it is 4.00 or less, hydrophobicity is appropriately imparted, and it is possible to suppress the generation of development residue due to the film of the exposed portion peeling off during the development process. More preferably 3.00 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 2000 or more in order to improve the dispersion stability, and is preferably 10000 or less in order to improve the developability.
- the amine value is preferably 5 (mgKOH / g) or more in order to improve the dispersion stability, and is preferably 100 (mgKOH / g) or less in order to improve the developability.
- the amine value can be measured by the potentiometric titration method based on "JIS K2501 (2003)".
- the content of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 5 to 60% by weight with respect to the pigment (a).
- the component (a-1) or the component (a-2) When the component (a-1) or the component (a-2) is contained, 5% by weight or more is preferable with respect to the total of the components (a-1) and (a-2) in order to enhance the dispersion stability. , 15% by weight or more is more preferable. In order to improve the photocurability in the exposure step and increase the development residual film ratio described later, 60% by weight or less is preferable, and 40% by weight or less is more preferable.
- Preferred specific examples of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) include a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (16) and a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (17). .. From the viewpoint of developability on the silver alloy film, a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (16) is more preferable.
- * represents a binding site with a carbon atom.
- a 5 O, A 6 O, OA 7 and OA 8 each independently represent an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 9 and A 10 each independently represent an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- n 1 is an integer and represents 0 to 7.
- X 3 to X 6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 19 to a 22 are integers and independently represent 1 to 100.
- * represents a binding site with a carbon atom.
- a 11 O and A 12 O each independently represent an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 13 and A 14 each independently represent an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- n 2 is an integer and represents 0 to 7.
- X 7 and X 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- X 9 and X 10 represent alkyl groups that are identical to each other and have 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a 23 to a 24 are integers and independently represent 1 to 100.
- the total number of tertiary amino groups contained in the molecule of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (16) is 2 to 9, but silver derived from the pigment aggregate by enhancing the adsorptivity to the pigment surface. It is preferable that n 1 is 1 or more in that the effect of suppressing the development residue on the alloy film is excellent. It is preferable that n 1 is 5 or less in that it suppresses the bridge adsorption between the surface of the pigment and the surface of the silver alloy film and is excellent in the effect of suppressing the development residue on the silver alloy film derived from the dispersant. .. That is, the total number of tertiary amino groups contained in the molecule is preferably in the range of 3 to 7.
- a 9 and A 10 are preferably alkylene groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, respectively, and among them, a linear alkylene group is preferable. That is, specifically, an ethylene group, a propylene group or a butylene group is preferable.
- the above viewpoint is similarly applied to the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (17).
- Examples of the method for synthesizing these resins include a method of addition-polymerizing a polyoxyalkylene chain by the above-mentioned method using an aliphatic amine having a primary amino group as a parent material.
- Examples of the aliphatic amine having a primary amino group include ethylenediamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 2), diethylenetriamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 3), triethylenetetramine (number of nitrogen atoms: 4), and tetraethylenepentamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 4).
- N Number of nitrogen atoms: 5), pentaethylenehexamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 6), heptaethyleneoctamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 8), dipropylenetriamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 3), propylenediamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 3) Number of nitrogen atoms: 2), hexamethylenediamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 2), N, N-bis (3-aminopropyl) methylamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 3), 3-diethylaminopropylamine (number of nitrogen atoms) : 2), 3-Dimethylaminopropylamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 2), 3-diethylaminoethylamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 2), 3-diethylaminoethylamine (number of nitrogen atoms: 2), spermin (of nitrogen atoms) Number: 4) can be mentioned.
- an inorganic alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can be used.
- a catalyst scavenger a solid acid adsorbent is preferable, and examples thereof include synthetic aluminum silicate.
- the residual aliphatic amine having a primary amino group can be determined by the release of nitrogen gas generated by diazotization and decomposition by allowing sodium nitrite to act under acidic conditions.
- the structure of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is obtained by concentrating the photosensitive composition or the negative photosensitive composition by a method such as centrifugation and then column-separating the photosensitive composition, NMR, IR, mass spectrum, etc. It can be analyzed using the known method of.
- the tertiary polyamine main chain of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (16) may be linear or branched, but is linear because of its excellent dispersion stabilizing effect. Is preferable.
- the structure represented by the general formula (1) is arranged only at both ends of the tertiary polyamine main chain. That is, the negative photosensitive composition of the present invention has a structure represented by the general formula (16) as a component (b) and has two structures represented by the general formula (1) in the molecule. It preferably contains a resin.
- the linear tertiary polyamine resin represented by the general formula (18) and the general formula (19) and the branched tertiary polyamine resin represented by the general formula (20) are exemplified below.
- the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (17) for example, the resin represented by the general formula (21) can be mentioned.
- a 25 to a 58 are integers and independently represent 1 to 20.
- a 59 to a 62 are integers and independently represent 1 to 20.
- the photosensitive composition of the present invention has negative photosensitive, or the negative photosensitive composition of the present invention further contains a resin represented by the general formula (22) as the component (b).
- the resin represented by the general formula (22) has the effect of stabilizing the dispersed state of the above-mentioned component (a-1) or component (a-2) and suppressing the development residue derived from the unexposed portion. Therefore, it has the effect of promoting photocuring in the exposure step described later and suppressing the generation of development residue due to insufficient curing of the bottom of the pattern edge of the exposed portion.
- a 15 O, A 16 O, OA 17 , OA 18 and OA 19 each independently represent an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 20 and A 21 each independently represent an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- n 3 is an integer and represents 0 to 9.
- X 11 to X 15 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an organic group represented by the general formula (23), or an organic group represented by the general formula (24).
- at least one of X 11 and X 12 and at least one of X 13 and X 14 are represented by an organic group represented by the general formula (23) or a general formula (24). It is an organic group.
- a 63 to a 67 are integers and independently represent 1 to 100.
- * represents a binding site with an oxygen atom.
- X 16 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- * represents a binding site with an oxygen atom.
- X 17 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a 22 O represents an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 68 is an integer and represents 1 to 5.
- the resin represented by the general formula (22) can be synthesized by inducing a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (16).
- a radically polymerizable acyl halide compound such as acryloyl chloride and / or methacryloyl chloride is reacted in a solution, and the terminal hydrogen atom of the polyoxyalkylene chain is represented by the general formula (23). Examples thereof include a method of removing chlorine ions after conversion to radicals.
- a radically polymerizable isocyanate compound such as 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 2-isocyanatoethylacryllate and / or 2- (2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy) ethyl isocyanate is reacted in a solution to form a polyoxyalkylene chain.
- a radically polymerizable isocyanate compound such as 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 2-isocyanatoethylacryllate and / or 2- (2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy) ethyl isocyanate is reacted in a solution to form a polyoxyalkylene chain.
- Examples thereof include a method of converting a terminal hydrogen atom into an organic group represented by the general formula (24).
- the number of introduced organic groups represented by the general formula (23) and / or the organic groups represented by the general formula (24) is the number of polyoxyalkylene chains contained in the resin
- the preferred ranges of A 15 O, A 16 O, OA 17 , OA 18 , OA 19 , A 20 , A 21 and n 3 are the preferred ranges in the resin having the structure represented by the above general formula (16).
- Specific examples of the resin represented by the general formula (22) include a resin represented by the structural formula (25) and a resin represented by the structural formula (26).
- a resin having no structure represented by the general formula (1) may be used in combination as the component (b).
- the resin belonging to the component (b) and not having the structure represented by the general formula (1) include a polyamide polyester resin, an A block having a tertiary amino group and a B block having no tertiary amino group.
- a block-polymerized acrylic resin containing the above, and a randomly-polymerized acrylic resin in which structural units having no tertiary amino group and structural units having a tertiary amino group are irregularly arranged in the polymer side chain are preferable. Be done.
- These resins can be mixed with a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and the unexposed portion can be used so as to have an appropriate developing time in a desired range.
- the dissolution rate and exposure sensitivity of the film to the developer may be adjusted.
- the polyamide polyester resin include "DISPERBYK” (registered trademark) -2200 (manufactured by Big Chemie), "Solspace” (registered trademark) 11200, 28000, 32000, 32500, 32600, 33500, and M385 (all of which are applicable). Also manufactured by Lubrizol).
- block-polymerized acrylic resin examples include "DISPERBYK” (registered trademark) -2000, “BYK” (registered trademark) -6919 (all manufactured by Big Chemie), and JP-A-2019 / 89954. Examples thereof include the resins described in the publication. Examples of the random polymerization type acrylic resin include resins into which a radically polymerizable group described in JP-A-2013 / 245221 is introduced.
- a phosphoric acid ester resin is preferable, for example, a linear polyether (or polyether polyester) resin having a phosphoric acid group at one end, or a linear resin having a phosphoric acid group at both ends.
- a polyether (or polyether polyester) -based resin examples thereof include a polyether (or polyether polyester) -based resin, but a linear polyether-based resin having a phosphate group at both ends is more preferable in terms of excellent developability.
- a specific example of a linear polyether polyester resin having a phosphoric acid group at one end is a phosphoric acid monoester having a phosphoric acid group at one end of a linear block copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polycaprolactone.
- a certain "DISPERBYK” (registered trademark) -111 (manufactured by BIC Chemie) can be mentioned.
- Examples of the linear polyether resin having a phosphoric acid group at both ends include a compound represented by the general formula (27), and the content thereof is from the viewpoint of achieving both a developability improving effect and a dispersion stability. Therefore, 0.5 to 20% by weight is preferable with respect to the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1).
- a 23 O represents an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 69 is an integer and represents 20 to 100.
- the partial structure represented by a 69 is preferably a polyoxyalkylene chain containing an oxyethylene group, an oxyn-propylene group and / or an oxyisopropylene group from the viewpoint of developability. 69 is preferably 20 to 80.
- the photosensitive composition or negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention contains (c) a photosensitive agent.
- a photosensitive agent When the photosensitive composition of the present invention has a negative type, and the photosensitive agent in the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention does not have a tertiary amino group and has two or more radically polymerizable groups in the molecule. It means a compound and a photopolymerization initiator, and by containing both components, it gives a function of being exposed to active chemical rays such as ultraviolet rays to cause a radical polymerization reaction and photocuring, and the exposed part becomes a developing solution.
- active chemical rays such as ultraviolet rays to cause a radical polymerization reaction and photocuring
- Examples of the radically polymerizable group include a vinyl group and a (meth) acrylic group, and the (meth) acrylic group is preferable in terms of excellent photocurability.
- the (meth) acrylic group means a methacrylic group or an acrylic group.
- Examples of the compound having two or more radically polymerizable groups in the molecule without having a tertiary amino group include trimethylolpropan di (meth) acrylate, trimethylol propanetri (meth) acrylate, and ditrimethylol propanetri (meth).
- a compound having 5 or more radically polymerizable groups in the molecule and a compound having 4 or less radically polymerizable groups in combination and a compound having 6 or more radical groups and 2 It is more preferable to use it in combination with a compound having one.
- the ⁇ -caprolactone-modified hexafunctional acrylate represented by the general formula (28) is preferable in terms of excellent photocurability, and as a specific example of a commercially available product, n 4 is 2 in the general formula (28).
- KAYARAD (registered trademark) DPCA-20, n 4 is equal DPCA-30 is 3, n 4 is equal DPCA-60 is 6, n 4 is 6 at a certain same DPCA-120 (above all are manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Made by).
- a bifunctional (meth) acrylate having a bisphenol A skeleton represented by the general formula (29) is preferable in that the adhesion of the pixel dividing layer to the transparent conductive film can be improved, and as a specific example of a commercially available product, the general formula is used.
- "light acrylate” (registered trademark) BP-4EAL, A in which A 24 O is an oxyethylene group, X 18 and X 19 are hydrogen atoms, and the sum of a 70 and a 71 is 4.
- Examples thereof include the BP-4PA (all manufactured by Kyoei Co., Ltd.) in which 25 O is an oxyisopropylene group, X 18 and X 19 are hydrogen atoms, and the sum of a 70 and a 71 is 4. Further, in order to appropriately increase the hydrophobicity of the film to suppress peeling during development and to make the pattern edge of the pixel division layer a low taper shape, it is preferable to use a bifunctional acrylate having a fluorene structure in combination. Examples thereof include OGSOL EA-0250P, EA-0200, and EA-0300 (all of which are manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- n 4 is an integer and represents 1 to 6.
- a 70 and a 71 are integers and represent 1 to 4.
- a 24 O and A 25 O each independently represent an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- X 18 and X 19 are identical to each other and represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the content of the compound having two or more radically polymerizable groups in the molecule without having a tertiary amino group is a negative photosensitive composition from the viewpoint of suppressing the development residue and achieving both a low taper shape of the pattern edge. It is preferably 10 to 40% by weight based on the total solid content in the medium.
- the photopolymerization initiator examples include an oxime ester-based photopolymerization initiator, an alkylphenone-based photopolymerization initiator, and an acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator.
- oxime ester-based photopolymerization initiator "ADEKA CRUSE” (registered trademark) NCI-831E (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, “hereinafter, NCI-831E”), which is a compound represented by the structural formula (30), has a structure.
- NCI-831E has the same structure as NCI-831 described in Patent Document 4.
- 2-hydroxy-1- (4- (4- (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl) benzyl) phenyl) -2-methylpropan-1-one is "Omnirad”.
- (Registered Trademarks) 127,2-benzyl-2- (dimethylamino) -4-morpholinobtyrophenone "Omnirad”® 369,2- (dimethylamino) -2-[(4-methylphenyl) methyl ] -1- [4- (4-morpholinyl) phenyl] -1-butanone "Omnirad” (registered trademark) 379EG (all of which are IGM Resins) and the like.
- Acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiators include "Omnirad” (registered trademark) TPO H, which is 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, and bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphos. Examples thereof include the fin oxide "Omnirad” (registered trademark) 819.
- These photopolymerization initiators may be contained in combination of two or more, and among them, at least an oxime ester-based photopolymerization initiator is contained in that the bottom curing property of the film at the time of exposure is excellent and the development residue is suppressed. It is preferable to do so.
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the total solid content in the negative photosensitive composition from the viewpoint of suppressing the development residue and achieving both the tapered shape of the pattern edge.
- the photosensitive agent means a quinonediazide compound, and indencarboxylic acid is exposed to active chemical rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- a positive pattern can be formed by giving a function of increasing the solubility in a developing solution and making the solubility of the film in the exposed portion relatively higher than the solubility of the film in the unexposed portion. ..
- the quinone diazide compound a naphthoquinone diazide compound is preferable because it is excellent in exposure sensitivity.
- the photosensitive composition or negative photosensitive composition of the present invention preferably further contains (d) an alkali-soluble resin.
- the alkali-soluble resin is a resin that has a carboxyl group and / or a hydroxyl group as an alkali-soluble group in its structure, does not have an amino group and a phosphoric acid group, and does not belong to the above-mentioned component (b).
- Having a carboxyl group and / or a hydroxyl group makes it soluble in a developing solution, makes it easier to selectively remove unexposed areas or exposed areas in negative or positive photolithography, and improves the patterning property of the pixel division layer. It will be good.
- alkali-soluble resin examples include alkali-soluble polyimide resin, alkali-soluble polyimide precursor (alkali-soluble polyamic acid resin), alkali-soluble epoxy acrylate resin, alkali-soluble cardo resin, alkali-soluble acrylic resin, and alkali-soluble urethane (meth) acrylate resin.
- the alkali-soluble cardo resin means an alkali-soluble cardo resin having a cardo skeleton in the molecule and no imide skeleton.
- an alkali-soluble polyimide resin having a structural unit having a cardo skeleton shall be classified as an alkali-soluble polyimide resin.
- the cardo skeleton is a skeleton in which two aromatic groups are connected by a single bond to a quaternary carbon atom which is a ring carbon atom constituting a cyclic structure.
- an alkali-soluble polyimide resin, an alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin, and an alkali-soluble acrylic can be used because the dispersion stabilizing effect of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1) is not impaired under freezing.
- Resin is preferred.
- the component (d) more preferably contains at least an alkali-soluble polyimide resin and / or an alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin in order to improve the heat resistance of the pixel dividing layer.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide resin preferably has a phenolic hydroxyl group, and examples thereof include an alkali-soluble polyimide resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (33).
- R 19 represents a 4- to 10-valent organic group.
- R 20 represents a 2- to 8-valent organic group.
- R 21 and R 22 represent phenolic hydroxyl groups.
- p and q are integers and independently represent 0-6.
- R 19- (R 21 ) p represents a residue of acid dianhydride.
- R 19 is preferably an organic group having an aromatic ring or a cyclic aliphatic group and having 5 to 50 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the acid dianhydride include pyromellit acid dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- R 20- (R 22 ) q represents a diamine residue.
- R 20 is preferably an organic group having an aromatic ring or a cyclic aliphatic group and having 5 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the diamine include m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, and 1,3-bis (3-).
- Aminophenoxy) benzene bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane, 9,9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene, diaminodiphenyl ether , Diaminodiphenylmethane, Diaminodiphenylpropane, Diaminodiphenylhexafluoropropane, 2,2'-bistrifluorobenzidine, 2,2'-bistrifluorobenzidine, 2,5-bis (aminomethyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane , 2,6-bis (aminomethyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane.
- the photosensitive composition or the negative photosensitive composition of the present invention contains an acetate-based solvent among the solvents described later in order to enhance the dispersion stabilizing effect of the resin having the structure represented by the general formula (1). It is desirable to do.
- the alkali-soluble polyimide resin having the structural unit represented by the general formula (33) has a fluorine atom in the molecule.
- a resin having a structural unit derived from an acid dianhydride represented by the structural formulas (34) and / or (35) and a structural unit derived from a diamine represented by the structural formula (36) is preferable. Can be mentioned.
- the acid value of the alkali-soluble polyimide resin is preferably 100 mgKOH / g or more in order to suppress the development residue.
- the acid value is preferably 400 mgKOH / g or less in order to suppress pattern edge peeling in the developing step.
- the alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin is an ethylenically unsaturated group formed by ring-opening addition of a carboxyl group of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid to an epoxy group of a parent epoxy resin. It has a radically polymerizable group obtained by introducing a carboxyl group by adding a polybasic carboxylic acid (or an anhydride thereof) to at least a part of the hydroxyl groups generated by the ring opening of the epoxy group.
- the acid-modified epoxy resins it refers to a resin that does not have a cardo skeleton in the molecule.
- the notation "(meth) acrylate resin” means a resin having a methacrylic group and / or an acrylic group.
- Examples of the base epoxy resin include an epoxy resin having a biphenyl structure, a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a bisphenol F type epoxy resin, a phenol novolac type epoxy resin, and a cresol novolac type epoxy resin.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid used for modifying the epoxy resin include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- Examples of the polybasic carboxylic acid (or its anhydride) include maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
- the alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin that can be preferably used in the photosensitive composition of the present invention or the negative photosensitive composition is excellent in developability on a silver alloy film, and is obtained by opening the ring of an epoxy group.
- Examples thereof include an alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin having a structure represented by the general formula (37), which has a generated hydroxyl group as a residue.
- * represents a binding site with a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring.
- R 23 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- those having a biphenyl structure in addition to the structure represented by the general formula (37) are preferable in that they are excellent in developability on a silver alloy film, and as a specific example, they are represented by the general formula (38). It preferably has a structure, and ZCR-1569H, ZCR-1797H, ZCR-1798H, and ZCR-1761H correspond to the above-mentioned group of commercially available products.
- the acid value of the alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin is preferably 30 mgKOH / g or more in order to suppress the development residue. 200 mgKOH / g or less is preferable in order to suppress pattern edge peeling in the developing step.
- the alkali-soluble acrylic resin include resins obtained by selecting two or more types of (meth) acrylate compounds having one ethylenically unsaturated double bond in the molecule and copolymerizing them.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate-based compound include benzyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, and polyethylene glycol (meth).
- Acrylate isobornyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate , 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl) -3-ethyloxetane, (meth) acrylic acid, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, oxazolidone (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecanyl (meth) acrylate, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the component (d) preferably contains an alkali-soluble acrylic resin having a structural unit represented by the structural formula (39). Further, it can be preferably used in the case of forming a pixel dividing layer having a thick film portion and a thin film portion in a plane, which will be described later, by halftone processing, because an appropriate exposure sensitivity and a dissolution rate in a developing solution can be imparted.
- the structural unit derived from acrylate or 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate corresponds to the structural unit represented by the structural formula (39). Specific examples thereof are preferably methacrylic acid / 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate / benzyl methacrylate copolymer and acrylic acid / 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate / 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate copolymer.
- R 24 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 25 is a divalent linking group and represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the acid value of the alkali-soluble acrylic resin is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more in order to suppress the development residue. From the viewpoint of suppressing pattern edge peeling in the developing step, 200 mgKOH / g or less is preferable.
- the alkali-soluble resin it is particularly preferable to contain an alkali-soluble acrylic resin having a structural unit represented by the structural formula (39) in addition to the above-mentioned alkali-soluble polyimide resin and / or alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin. ..
- the photosensitive composition or negative photosensitive composition of the present invention preferably further contains a solvent.
- a solvent By containing a solvent, the viscosity of the photosensitive composition can be adjusted according to a desired coating method, and the coating property can be improved.
- the solvent include ether solvents, acetate solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, alcohol solvents and the like, and among them, the dispersion stabilizing effect of a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1). It is preferable to contain an acetate-based solvent because it can improve the above.
- acetate-based organic solvents examples include propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol monoethyl.
- examples thereof include ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and 1,3-butylene glycol diacetate.
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (hereinafter, “PGMEA”) and 3-methoxybutyl acetate (hereinafter, “MBA”) are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stabilizing effect.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- MSA 3-methoxybutyl acetate
- MB 3-methoxy-1-butanol
- the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention may further contain water.
- the dispersion stability of the pigment may be improved by containing a small amount of water.
- the water content in the photosensitive composition is preferably 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or less. When water is contained, it is desirable that a part of the water is present as adsorbed water on the pigment surface.
- the photosensitive composition or negative photosensitive composition of the present invention may contain an organic dye derivative (synagist) as a dispersion aid.
- the organic dye derivative is a compound in which a functional group selected from an acidic functional group, a basic functional group and a neutral functional group is bonded to an organic dye skeleton, and an organic dye skeleton is a dye such as a pigment or a dye. Means the skeleton derived from.
- the organic dye derivative can suppress the tendency of a specific pigment to selectively reaggregate and the color coding during storage by reducing the difference in the adsorption force of the dispersant on the surfaces of a plurality of types of pigments.
- Maternal pigments include perylene pigments, perinone pigments, cyanine pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, azo pigments, azomethine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxazine pigments, xanthene pigments, and triarylmethane. Examples thereof include system pigments, indigo pigments, thioindigo pigments, indigoid pigments, and quinophthalone pigments.
- the acidic functional group include a sulfo group represented by the structural formula (40) and an aromatic group having a carboxyl group represented by the structural formula (41).
- Examples of the basic functional group include an organic group having one or more tertiary amino groups at the terminal via a linking group consisting of a sulfonamide structure or a triazine ring.
- Examples of the neutral functional group include an organic group having a phthalimide structure represented by the structural formula (42).
- the structural formula (41) and the structural formula (42), * represents a binding site with a pigment skeleton.
- the compound represented by the structural formula (43) may be preferably used.
- the compound represented by the structural formula (44) may be preferably used.
- the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention may contain a thermal cross-linking agent.
- a thermal cross-linking agent By containing a thermal cross-linking agent, the smoothness of the electrode surface after forming the pixel dividing layer may be improved.
- a polyfunctional epoxy compound is preferable as the thermal cross-linking agent, and specific examples of preferable commercially available products are TEPIC-L, TEPIC-S, TEPIC-PAS (all manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.), NC-3000, and XD-1000. , XD-1000H (all of which are manufactured by Nippon Kayaku).
- the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention may further contain a surfactant, a leveling agent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber and the like as other components.
- Examples of the method for preparing the photosensitive composition or the negative photosensitive composition of the present invention include (a) a pigment, (b) a component and a solvent, or (a-1) component or (a-2) component. (B) The component and the solvent are mixed to prepare a pigment dispersion liquid by a wet media dispersion treatment, and then (c) a photosensitive agent and other components are added to the pigment dispersion liquid and stirred, if necessary. It may be prepared by performing filter filtration.
- Examples of the disperser for performing wet media dispersion processing include “Revomill” (registered trademark) (manufactured by Asada Iron Works), “Nano Getter” (registered trademark) (manufactured by Ashizawa Finetech), and “DYNO-MILL” (manufactured by Ashizawa Finetech).
- Examples include bead mills such as (registered trademark) (Willy A. Bachofen), “Spike Mill” (registered trademark) (manufactured by Inoue Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), and “Sand Grinder” (registered trademark) (manufactured by DuPont).
- Examples of the media for the disperser include zirconia beads, zircon beads, and non-alkali glass beads.
- the bead diameter is preferably 0.03 to 5 mm ⁇ , and the higher the sphericity, the more preferable.
- Specific examples of commercially available products include "Traceram” (registered trademark) (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), and in order to obtain a desired average dispersed particle size described later, particularly 0.05 mm ⁇ , 0.4 mm ⁇ , 1 mm ⁇ , It is preferable to use 5 mm ⁇ .
- the operating conditions of the wet disperser may be appropriately set so that the average dispersed particle size of the pigment, which will be described later, is within a desired range.
- the average dispersed particle size of all the particle components contained in the pigment dispersion liquid or the photosensitive composition obtained by blending the pigment dispersion liquid or the negative type photosensitive composition is determined in the film in the process of forming the pixel division layer. In order to avoid a short circuit when a voltage is applied due to the generation of recrystallized foreign matter derived from the pigment, 30 nm or more is preferable, and 50 nm or more is more preferable.
- the average dispersed particle size is the secondary particle size D50 (cumulative 50% average size) of the pigment particles based on the light scattering intensity with respect to the light source (wavelength 532 nm / 10 mW, semiconductor-excited solid-state laser), and D50 is dynamic. It can be calculated as a cumulative average diameter with the fine particle size side as the base point (0%) using the particle size distribution measuring device "SZ-100 (manufactured by Horiba Seisakusho)" of the target light scattering method.
- the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention can be preferably used for the purpose of forming a pixel dividing layer.
- the pixel division layer can be obtained by, for example, a photolithography method including a coating step, a prebaking step, an exposure step, a developing step, and a curing step in this order.
- a photosensitive composition or a negative photosensitive composition is applied to a substrate to obtain a coating film.
- the coating device used in the coating process includes, for example, a slit coater, a spin coater, a gravure coater, a dip coater, a curtain flow coater, a roll coater, and a spray coater. , Screen printing machines, inkjets. Due to the panel structure, the pixel division layer is formed so as to have a film thickness of about 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m after the curing process, so that it is suitable for thin film coating and coating defects are unlikely to occur.
- a slit coater or a spin coater is preferable because of its excellent productivity, and a slit coater is more preferable from the viewpoint of liquid saving.
- a prebake film is obtained by volatilizing the solvent in the coating film by heating.
- the heating device include a hot air oven, a hot plate, a far infrared oven (IR oven), and the like. Pin gap pre-baking or contact pre-baking may be performed.
- the prebaking temperature is preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the prebaking time is preferably 30 seconds to 30 minutes.
- a prebaking step by heating may be performed after a part of the solvent contained in the coating film is volatilized by a vacuum / vacuum dryer after the coating step.
- an exposure film is obtained by irradiating an active chemical ray from the film surface side of the prebake film through an exposure mask.
- the exposure apparatus used in the exposure process include a stepper, a mirror projection mask aligner (MPA), and a parallel light mask aligner (PLA).
- the active chemical line to be irradiated at the time of exposure is usually a mixed line such as j line (wavelength 313 nm), i line (wavelength 365 nm), h line (wavelength 405 nm) and g line (wavelength 436 nm), or i single line, and is exposed.
- the amount is usually 10 to 500 mJ / cm 2 (i-line conversion value).
- an exposure mask for example, a thin film having an exposure light shielding property made of a metal such as chromium or a black organic resin is patterned on one surface of a base material having a light transmitting property at an exposure wavelength such as glass, quartz or a film.
- a mask formed on the surface of the film can be mentioned.
- An exposed film having an exposed portion and an unexposed portion is obtained by performing pattern exposure by transmitting active chemical rays only through the opening portion.
- the exposed part means a part where the exposure light is irradiated through the mask opening
- the unexposed part means a part where the exposure light is not irradiated.
- the pixel dividing layer may have a thin film portion and a thick film portion in the plane.
- a method of obtaining a pixel division layer having a thin film portion and a thick film portion a method of pattern exposure is performed through a halftone exposure mask in which a plurality of types of openings having different light transmittances in the exposure light region are formed in the exposure step. , So-called halftone processing.
- the photosensitive composition of the present invention when the photosensitive composition of the present invention is a negative photosensitive composition, only the unexposed portion is removed to obtain a patterned developing film.
- the unexposed portion becomes the opening of the pixel dividing layer, and the electrodes are exposed.
- the exposed portion is removed to obtain a patterned developing film.
- the exposed portion becomes an opening of the pixel dividing layer, and the electrode is exposed.
- the opening finally becomes a light emitting pixel portion in the organic EL display device.
- the developing method include a method of immersing the exposure film in a developing solution which is an alkaline aqueous solution for 10 seconds to 5 minutes by a method such as a shower method, a dipping method, or a paddle method.
- the paddle method is a method of dissolving and removing an unexposed part by allowing it to stand immediately after applying a developing solution or showering.
- a developing solution a 0.3 to 3.0% by weight tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as "TMAH") is preferable, and a 2.38% by weight TMAH aqueous solution is usually used.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution
- a washing treatment by showering deionized water and / or a draining treatment by air injection may be added.
- the developing film is thermally cured by heating to improve heat resistance, and at the same time, components such as moisture, permeated and residual developer are volatilized to obtain a pixel-divided layer.
- the heating device include a hot air oven and an IR oven.
- the heating temperature is preferably 230 to 300 ° C. in order to sufficiently heat-cure and obtain high light emission characteristics.
- the optical density per 1.0 ⁇ m film thickness of the pixel division layer is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more in order to suppress reflection of external light and increase the value as a display device. .. In order to suppress the generation of development residue and the generation of non-lit pixels, 2.5 or less is preferable, and 2.0 or less is more preferable.
- the optical density is an incident light intensity obtained by using an optical densitometer (manufactured by X-Rite Co., Ltd .; X-Rite 361T) to form a pixel division layer formed on a transparent substrate so as to have a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- Optical density log 10 (I 0 / I) I 0 : Incident light intensity I: Transmitted light intensity.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a TFT substrate in an organic EL display device which is preferably cited as a specific example of the embodiment of the present invention.
- a bottom gate type or top gate type TFT 1 (thin film transistor) is provided in a matrix on the surface of the base material 6, and the TFT insulating layer 3 is formed so as to cover the TFT 1 and the wiring 2 connected to the TFT 1. ing. Further, a flattening layer 4 is formed on the surface of the TFT insulating layer 3, and the flattening layer 4 is provided with a contact hole 7 for opening the wiring 2.
- a first electrode 5 is formed in a pattern on the surface of the flattening layer 4 and is connected to the wiring 2.
- the pixel dividing layer 8 is formed so as to surround the pattern peripheral edge of the first electrode 5.
- An opening is provided in the pixel dividing layer 8, a light emitting pixel 9 containing an organic EL light emitting material is formed in the opening, and a second electrode 10 connects the pixel dividing layer 8 and the light emitting pixel 9.
- the film is formed so as to cover it. If a voltage is directly applied to the light emitting pixel portion after sealing the TFT substrate having the above laminated structure under vacuum, the light emitting pixel 9 can be made to emit light as an organic EL display device.
- the light emitting pixel 9 is an array of pixels of different types having emission peak wavelengths in the red, blue, and green regions, which are the three primary colors of light, or a light emitting pixel that emits white emitted light is separately produced on the entire surface.
- a combination of red, blue, and green color filters may be used as the laminated member.
- the displayed peak wavelength in the red region is 560 to 700 nm
- the peak wavelength in the blue region is 420 to 500 nm
- the peak wavelength in the green region is 500 to 550 nm.
- the organic EL light emitting material constituting the light emitting pixel a material in which a hole transporting layer and an electron transporting layer are further combined in addition to the light emitting layer can be preferably used.
- a mask vapor deposition method can be mentioned as a method for forming a pattern of light emitting pixels.
- the mask vapor deposition method is a method of depositing and patterning an organic compound using a vapor deposition mask. Specifically, a method of arranging a vapor deposition mask having a desired pattern as an opening on the substrate side for vapor deposition is performed. Can be mentioned.
- a technique for applying tension to the vapor deposition mask or a magnet placed on the back surface of the substrate is used for the vapor deposition mask. It is possible to use a technique of bringing the film into close contact with the substrate.
- the first electrode 5 includes a laminated pattern in which a transparent conductive film is laminated on the surface of a metal reflective layer.
- the top emission type refers to a light emitting method in which light emitted from a light emitting pixel is taken out in a direction opposite to that of the substrate 6 via a second electrode.
- a silver alloy film is usually used because it is excellent in the reflectance and conductivity of visible light.
- the silver alloy is an alloy composed of silver and a metal other than silver, and the ratio of silver atoms is in the range of 60.0 to 99.9% by weight.
- silver alloys include Ag / Cu (alloy of silver and copper), Ag / Cu / Pd (alloy of silver, copper and palladium), and Ag / Cu / Nd (alloy of silver, copper and neodymium). ) Is preferably mentioned.
- the "DIASILVER" registered trademark
- a conductive metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), ITZO (Indium Tin Zinc Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) can be used.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- ITZO Indium Tin Zinc Oxide
- IZO Indium Zinc Oxide
- ITO is usually used because it is excellent in transparency and conductivity.
- amorphous ITO hereinafter, may be abbreviated as "a-ITO)
- low crystalline ITO is preferable in order to suppress deterioration of the silver alloy.
- low crystalline ITO is referred to as low crystalline ITO. It means an ITO obtained by heat-treating an amorphous ITO film obtained by a sputtering method or the like only in a temperature range of 140 to 200 ° C.
- the amorphous ITO or low crystalline ITO is a curing step (for example, 230 ° C.) at the time of forming a pixel split layer. It may be subjected to a substantially high temperature annealing treatment by the heat in (above) and converted into a highly crystalline ITO form in the finally obtained light emitting element.
- the thickness of the metal reflective layer is preferably 50 nm or more in order to increase the reflectance
- the film thickness of the transparent conductive film is preferably 15 nm or less in order to increase the transmittance.
- the transparent conductive film may be formed so as to cover not only the upper portion of the metal reflective layer but also the side surface portion. Further, when the laminated structure does not cover the side surface portion, the metal reflective layer and the transparent conductive film may be collectively formed. In order to improve the adhesion of the metal reflective layer to the substrate, a laminated structure of the substrate / transparent conductive film / metal reflective layer / transparent conductive film may be used.
- an inorganic etching solution such as a mixed acid of phosphoric acid and nitric acid can be used.
- examples of commercially available products include SEA-1, SEA-2, SEA-3, and SEA-5 (all of which are manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.).
- an inorganic acid-based etching solution containing hydrochloric acid or the like can be used, and as commercially available products, ITO-02 and ITO-301 (all manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) can be used. Can be mentioned.
- etching solution for amorphous ITO and IZO for example, an organic acid-based etching solution containing oxalic acid and the like can be used, and commercially available products include ITO-07N and ITO-101N (all of which are manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.). ).
- a positive type photosensitive composition containing an alkali-soluble novolak resin can be used.
- An organic amine-based aqueous solution can be used as the resist stripping solution, and examples of commercially available products include "Unlast" (registered trademark) M6, M6B, TN-1-5, and M71-2 (all of the above). Miwaka Pure Medicine Research Institute).
- a silver alloy film made of Ag / Mg (an alloy of silver and magnesium) can be preferably used because of its excellent transparency of visible light, and the second electrode 10 is formed by forming a film on the entire surface by a sputtering method. be able to.
- the film thickness of the second electrode is preferably 10 nm or more in order to avoid disconnection of the electrode. 40 nm or less is preferable in order to increase the transmittance and reduce the loss of brightness of the light emitting pixel. If a hard plate-shaped substrate typified by glass or the like is used for the substrate 6, a rigid type organic EL display device that cannot be bent can be obtained.
- the alkali metal element content is less than 0.5%, and non-alkali glass containing silicon as a main component can be preferably used.
- non-alkali glass containing silicon as a main component can be preferably used.
- those having a small coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent dimensional stability in a high temperature process of 250 ° C. or higher are preferable.
- OA-10G, OA-11 (all manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.), AN- 100 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) is mentioned, and the thickness thereof is usually 0.1 to 0.5 mm from the viewpoint of physical durability.
- a flexible substrate is used for the substrate 6, it can be a flexible type organic EL display device that can be bent.
- a substrate made of a polyimide resin having high flexibility and excellent mechanical strength can be preferably used, and as a method for producing this, a solution containing polyamic acid is applied to the surface of the temporary support. Then, a method of imidizing the polyamic acid by heat treatment at a high temperature of 300 to 500 ° C. to convert it into a polyimide resin and then peeling off the temporary support with a laser or the like can be mentioned.
- Polyamic acid can be synthesized by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with a diamine compound in an amide-based solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Among them, the heat ray expansion coefficient is small and dimensional stability is achieved. From an excellent point of view, a polyamic acid having a residue of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and a residue of an aromatic diamine compound is preferable. Specific examples include a polyamic acid having a residue of 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and a residue of p-phenylenediamine. The thickness is usually 10 to 40 ⁇ m, and the substrate 6 can be made thinner than the case where the above-mentioned non-alkali glass is used.
- the organic EL display device according to the third aspect of the present invention has a pixel-divided layer containing a resin having two or more tertiary amino groups in the molecule and having a structure represented by the general formula (1). Equipped.
- the organic EL display device is a top emission type.
- the pixel division layer included in the organic EL display device of the present invention has a thin film portion having a film thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.0 ⁇ m and a thick film portion having a film thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less. It is preferable to have a portion where the difference in film thickness between the thin film portion and the thick film portion is 1.0 ⁇ m or more. From the viewpoint of halftone processability, the difference in film thickness between the thin film portion and the thick film portion is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the thin film portion and the thick film portion referred to here are the thinnest portion and the thickest portion in the pixel division layer in the display area of the organic EL display device, except for the inclined portion of the opening edge portion. It means each part.
- the thick film portion having a film thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less functions as a spacer.
- the thin film portion having a film thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.0 ⁇ m is preferably provided with an opening for arranging light emitting pixels, and is preferably formed in a partition shape. Further, by having a portion where the difference in film thickness between the thin film portion and the thick film portion is 1.0 ⁇ m or more, the thick film portion functions as a convex spacer when the pattern of the light emitting pixel is formed by the mask vapor deposition method described above.
- Such a pixel division layer may be obtained by laminating a layer having a thick film portion on the surface of a layer having a thin film portion to form two layers, but from the viewpoint of reducing the number of steps described above. It is preferable to form all at once by halftone processing.
- a negative photosensitive composition is applied to the surface of a low-crystalline ITO film with a spin coater at an adjusted rotation speed so that the thickness of the finally obtained cured film is 1.5 ⁇ m, and the coating film is applied. Then, using a hot plate (SCW-636; manufactured by Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.), the coating film was prebaked at 100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 2 minutes to obtain a prebaked film forming substrate, and two sheets thereof were obtained. It was divided into.
- SCW-636 manufactured by Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
- One of the pre-baked film-forming substrates was immersed in a tray containing a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution to dissolve the pre-baked film, and the time when the substrate was visually observed in a part of the plane was set as the required minimum development time. .. Further, using the other prebake film forming substrate, an i-line path fighter that transmits only i-line is set in a double-sided alignment single-sided exposure apparatus (mask aligner PEM-6M; manufactured by Union Optical Co., Ltd.) for sensitivity measurement.
- mask aligner PEM-6M manufactured by Union Optical Co., Ltd.
- An exposure film was obtained by patterning exposure with an i-line (wavelength 365 nm) of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp via a gray scale mask (MDRM MODEL 4000-5-FS; manufactured by Opti-Line International).
- a small photolithography developing device AD-2000; manufactured by Takizawa Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the developing time was 1.5 times the minimum required developing time
- paddle-type development was performed with a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution.
- the film was dried by air blowing to obtain a developing film-forming substrate having a patterned developing film.
- the resolution pattern of the produced developing film was observed, and the mask bias + 2 ⁇ m with respect to the opening size 40 ⁇ m width of the line and space pattern.
- the exposure amount (mJ / cm 2 : i-line luminometer value) formed when the pattern line width of the developing film was 42 ⁇ m was defined as the required minimum exposure amount (sensitivity) of the negative photosensitive composition.
- the developing film-forming substrate prepared for calculating the required minimum exposure amount was used as it was as a substrate for evaluating the development residue on the transparent conductive film described later.
- a negative photosensitive composition is formed on the surface of a substrate provided with a low crystallinity ITO film obtained by the same method as described above in the finally obtained cured film through irradiation with a full-tone exposure amount described later.
- the number of rotations was adjusted so that the thickness of the thick film portion was 3.0 ⁇ m, and the coating film was applied with a spin coater to obtain a coating film.
- the coating film was prebaked at 100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 2 minutes using a hot plate to obtain a prebaked film-forming substrate, which was cut into two sheets.
- One of the pre-baked film-forming substrates was immersed in a tray containing a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution to dissolve the pre-baked film, and the time when the substrate was visually observed in a part of the plane was set as the required minimum development time. .. Further, using the other pre-baked film-forming substrate, patterning exposure was performed with the i-line of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp through a gray scale mask for sensitivity measurement in the same manner as described above to obtain an exposed film. Then, AD-2000 was used for paddle-type development with a development time of 1.5 times the minimum required development time and a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution.
- the substrate was dried by air blowing to obtain a developing film-forming substrate having a patterned developing film.
- the cured film-forming substrate was obtained by heating at 230 ° C. under air for 30 minutes, and the exposure amount when the cured film had a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m (mJ / cm 2 : i-ray illuminance meter value).
- the halftone exposure amount of the negative photosensitive composition was taken as the fulltone exposure amount. That is, the halftone exposure amount corresponds to 30% of the fulltone exposure amount.
- Total OD value is measured to calculate the average value, and the value obtained by dividing the value by 1.5 is rounded off to the first digit of the decimal point, and the value up to the first digit of the decimal point is 1.0 ⁇ m in thickness of the cured film.
- the OD value per unit (OD / ⁇ m) was evaluated based on the criteria that the higher the OD / ⁇ m, the better the light-shielding property of the cured film.
- the OD value of Tempax which did not form the cured film, was separately evaluated. As a result of the measurement, it was 0.00, so the OD value of the substrate for optical density evaluation was regarded as the OD value of the cured film.
- the thickness of the cured film was measured by a stylus type film thickness measuring device (Tokyo Precision Co., Ltd.). (Surfcom) was used to measure at three points in the plane, and the average value was rounded off to the first digit.
- AA No development residue can be seen. A: Less than 5 residues can be seen. B: Development residues of 5 or more and less than 10 can be seen. C: 10 or more and less than 20 development residues can be seen. D: 20 or more development residues can be seen. E: Development residue with a major axis exceeding 3.0 ⁇ m can be seen.
- the measurement items (i) and (ii) are set for the surface roughness evaluation substrate of the silver alloy film obtained in Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10. , Perform the following measurements using an atomic force microscope (AFM), convert the value output in ⁇ m units to nm units, round off the second decimal place, and calculate the values up to the first decimal place. I asked. Note that FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view showing the measurement points of the maximum height difference Rmax 2.
- the value obtained by subtracting Rmax 1 from Rmax 2 means the change after the formation of the pixel division layer with reference to the initial state before coating, and the smaller the value, the more the surface roughness of the silver alloy film is maintained. Show that it is excellent. Evaluation was made based on the following criteria, and AA and A to C were passed, and D to E were rejected. AA: The difference (Rmax 2- Rmax 1 ) is less than 5.0 nm. A: The difference (Rmax 2- Rmax 1 ) is 5.0 nm or more and less than 10.0 nm. B: The difference (Rmax 2- Rmax 1 ) is 10.0 nm or more and less than 50.0 nm.
- the difference (Rmax 2- Rmax 1 ) is 50.0 nm or more and less than 100.0 nm.
- D The difference (Rmax 2- Rmax 1 ) is 100.0 nm or more and less than 200.0 nm.
- E The difference (Rmax 2- Rmax 1 ) is 200.0 nm or more.
- the top-emission organic EL display device obtained in Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 is driven by a direct current of 10 mA / cm 2 for 500 hours. The light was emitted, and 40 pixel portions in the plane were enlarged and displayed on the monitor at a magnification of 50 times for observation. The number of non-lighting pixels included in 10 parts of the top-emission organic EL display device manufactured under the same conditions is counted, and the occurrence rate (%) of the non-lighting pixels is calculated by the following formula, and the decimal point number is calculated. The value rounded off to the first decimal place was calculated. The total number of all the pixels to be evaluated is 400.
- Incidence rate (%) of non-lighting pixels total number of non-lighting pixels / total number of all pixels x 100
- E The occurrence rate of non-lit pixels is 30% or more.
- Disposant 1 A compound represented by the structural formula (45) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 2 A compound represented by the structural formula (46) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 3 A compound represented by the structural formula (47) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 4" A compound represented by the structural formula (48) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 5" A compound represented by the structural formula (49) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 6 A compound represented by the structural formula (50) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 7 A compound represented by the structural formula (51) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 8 A compound represented by the structural formula (52) (corresponding to a resin having a structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 10 A compound represented by the structural formula (54) (a resin having no structure represented by the general formula (1); solid content 100% by weight).
- Dispersant 11 A compound represented by the structural formula (55) (having one tertiary amino group in the molecule. Solid content 100% by weight).
- Solidspace24000GR A compound having a structural unit represented by the structural formula (56) in the molecule (manufactured by Lubrizol: a resin having no structure represented by the general formula (1), derived from polyethyleneimine. A polymer obtained by grafting a plurality of side chains having an aliphatic chain onto the main chain. Solid content 100% by weight).
- Solid space 20000 A resin having one tertiary amino group at one end of a linear polyalkylene chain having an oxyethylene structure and an oxypropylene structure (manufactured by Lubrizol: a structure represented by the general formula (1)). Non-existent resin. Solid content 100% by weight).
- DISPERBYK-167 A 52% by weight solution of a urethane resin having an isocyanurate ring and a polycaprolactone chain in the molecule (manufactured by Big Chemie: a resin having no structure represented by the general formula (1)).
- DISPERBYK-111 A phosphoric acid monoester dispersant having a phosphoric acid group at one end of a linear block copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polycaprolactone (manufactured by Big Chemie: represented by the general formula (1)). Resin without structure. Solid content 100% by weight).
- Disin without structure. Solid content 100% by weight).
- Dission aid a A compound represented by the structural formula (44).
- Disersant 12 A compound represented by the structural formula (60) (a low molecular weight compound that does not belong to the resin in the present specification. Solid content 100% by weight).
- Table 1 summarizes information such as the number of tertiary amino groups in the molecule and the presence or absence of a structure represented by the general formula (1) for the dispersants 1 to 12.
- ZCR-1569H PGMEA solution of alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (38) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku: solid content acid value 98 mgKOH / g: weight average molecular weight 4500: solid 70% by weight).
- ZCR-1797H PGMEA solution of alkali-soluble epoxy (meth) acrylate resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (38) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku: solid content acid value 98 mgKOH / g: weight average molecular weight 6400: solid 62% by weight).
- WR-301 PGMEA solution of alkali-soluble cardo resin (manufactured by ADEKA: solid content acid value 98 mgKOH / g: weight average molecular weight 5500: solid content 42% by weight).
- Benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 A benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (4) (specific surface area of 30 m 2 / g by the BET method).
- 0.05 mm ⁇ zirconia beads manufactured by Toray: Treceram (registered trademark) were sent into a bead mill equipped with a vessel filled with a filling rate of 75% by volume, and the mixture was circulated and dispersed for 6 hours at a discharge rate of 300 mL / min. , The whole volume was discharged into the original glass container, and the mixture was stirred again with the dissolver.
- 10 mL of the aqueous pigment suspension was sampled and filtered through a syringe filter having a diameter of 0.45 mm, it was confirmed that the entire amount could be passed through without clogging.
- a pH meter was set so that the tip electrode portion was immersed in a glass container at a depth of 3 to 5 cm from the liquid surface of the aqueous pigment suspension being stirred, and the pH of the obtained aqueous pigment suspension was measured. However, the pH was 4.5 (liquid temperature 25 ° C.). Then, while stirring, the liquid temperature of the aqueous pigment suspension was raised to 40 ° C., the stirring was temporarily stopped after 30 minutes, and after 2 minutes, it was confirmed that there was no sedimentation on the bottom of the glass container, and the mixture was stirred. Was restarted.
- Sodium silicate Na 2 O ⁇ nSiO 2 ⁇ mH 2 O: sodium oxide so that the amount of silica coated is 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (4).
- 10% by weight as silicon dioxide: alkaline 100-fold diluted with deionized water and 0.001 mol / L sulfuric acid aqueous solution, the pH of the aqueous pigment suspension is 2 or more and less than 7.
- the addition rate of each was adjusted so as to be maintained in the range, and the addition was carried out in parallel at the same time, and silica hydrate was precipitated and coated on the surface of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (4).
- filtration and washing with water were repeated three times using a Nutche filter to remove some of the water-soluble impurities and purify.
- 50 g each of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin (both manufactured by Organo: Amberlite) are added to the aqueous pigment suspension, stirred for 12 hours, filtered and filtered into a black filter.
- Got This is heated in an oven at an actual temperature of 90 ° C. for 6 hours under dry air to remove water and powdered, and further heated in an oven at an actual temperature of 250 ° C. for 1 hour under dry air for dehydration sintering, and then from silica.
- a coating layer was formed.
- a dry pulverization treatment was carried out for 30 minutes using a jet mill to calibrate the particles to obtain 460.50 g of a benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2.
- the elements on the surface and fracture surface of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 were analyzed by SEM-EDX, and it was confirmed that the pigment surface was covered with silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. Further, as a result of thermally decomposing and removing the organic component by firing in an electric furnace at an actual temperature of 800 ° C. for 6 hours, 100 parts by weight of the constituent component of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 is based on the weight of the residue.
- benzodifuranone-based black pigment represented by the structural formula (4) and 10 parts by weight of silica as the coating material.
- the specific surface area of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 by the BET method was 40 m 2 / g.
- the liquid was sent to a bead mill filled with 0.05 mm ⁇ zirconia beads (“Traceram” (registered trademark) manufactured by Toray Co., Ltd.), and wet media dispersion treatment was performed by a circulation method. Every 15 minutes after the dispersion treatment time, an appropriate amount of the pigment dispersion was taken out into a glass bottle and sampled, and the pigment dispersion was set in a dynamic light scattering particle size distribution measuring device "SZ-100" to measure the average dispersion particle size. Among the pigment dispersions having an average dispersed particle size within the range of 100 ⁇ 10 nm 30 minutes after sampling, the pigment dispersion having the shortest dispersion treatment time was designated as “pigment dispersion 1”.
- Table 2 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 10 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 10
- 34.09 g of dispersant 5 and 74.68 g of ZCR-1569H were mixed with 777.60 g of PGMEA and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 113.64 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 was added and stirred for 30 minutes.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 10.
- Table 3 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 11 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 11
- 37.50 g of dispersant 5 and 37.50 g of alkali-soluble polyimide resin A are mixed with 800.00 g of PGMEA and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 125.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 is added to 30 The mixture was stirred for 1 minute to obtain a preliminary stirring solution.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 11.
- Table 3 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 12.
- Table 3 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 13 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 13
- Solspace 20000 and 45.00 g of alkali-soluble polyimide resin A are mixed with 850.00 g of MBA, which is an organic solvent, and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 90.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 is added. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a preliminary stirring solution.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 13.
- Table 4 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 14 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 14
- 125.00 g of DISPERBYK-LPN21116 (solid content 40.00% by weight) and 71.43 g of ZCR-1569H are mixed with a mixed solvent (160.00 g of MB and 543.57 g of PGMEA) for 10 minutes.
- a mixed solvent (160.00 g of MB and 543.57 g of PGMEA)
- 100.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 was added and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a preliminary stirring solution.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 14.
- Table 4 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 15 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 15
- 125.00 g of DISPERBYK-LPN21116, 6.00 g of DISPERBYK-111 and 62.86 g of ZCR-1569H are mixed with a mixed solvent (160.00 g of MB and 546.14 g of PGMEA) for 10 minutes.
- 100.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 was added and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a preliminary stirring solution.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 15.
- Table 4 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Table 4 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 17 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 17
- 107.14 g of ZCR-1569H was mixed with 767.86 g of PGMEA and stirred for 10 minutes, then 125.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 was added and stirred for 30 minutes for preliminary stirring. Obtained liquid.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to obtain the pigment dispersion liquid 17, but reaggregation occurred before reaching the range of the average dispersed particle size of 100 ⁇ 10 nm. It occurred remarkably.
- Table 4 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material.
- Preparation Examples 18 to 19 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquids 18 to 19
- Wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 using dispersants 10 to 11 instead of the dispersant 1, to prepare pigment dispersion liquids 18 to 19.
- Table 5 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Examples 20-21 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquids 20-21
- Wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 using dispersant 12 and Solspace24000GR instead of dispersant 1, and attempts were made to obtain pigment dispersion liquids 20 to 21, but all of them were average dispersed particles. Reaggregation occurred remarkably before reaching the range of 100 ⁇ 10 nm in diameter. Due to the sharp increase in viscosity of the pigment dispersion, the internal pressure of the pump increased, making it difficult to send the liquid into the vessel of the bead mill. Therefore, the wet media dispersion treatment had to be stopped, and the pigment dispersions 20 to 21 could not be obtained. It was. Table 5 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material.
- Preparation Example 22 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 22
- 72.12 g of DISPERBYK-167 (solid content 52.000% by weight) and 53.57 g of ZCR-1569H were mixed with 749.31 g of PGMEA and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 125.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black color.
- Pigment 2 was added and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a preliminary stirring solution.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 22.
- Table 5 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 23.
- Table 5 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Preparation Example 24 Production of Pigment Dispersion Liquid 24
- 37.50 g of dispersant 5 and 89.29 g of alkali-soluble cardo resin solution WR-301 (solid content 42.00% by weight) were mixed with 748.21 g of PGMEA and stirred for 10 minutes.
- 125.00 g of benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 was added and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a preliminary stirring solution.
- the wet media dispersion treatment was performed in the same procedure as in Preparation Example 1 to prepare the pigment dispersion liquid 24.
- Table 5 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material and the average dispersed particle size.
- Example 1 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 1
- NCI-831E which is a photopolymerization initiator
- PGMEA a mixed solvent of 1.28 g of MBA and 12.66 g of PGMEA
- 1.29 g of ZCR-1569H and 0.60 g of an alkali-soluble acrylic resin solution B are added, and the compound has no tertiary amino group and has two or more radical polymerizable groups in the molecule.
- DPCA-20 0.23 g of BP-4EAL and 0.72 g of EA-0250P (PGMEA solution having a solid content of 50% by weight) were added. Further, 0.90 g of a 5 wt% PGMEA solution of Emargen A-60 (manufactured by Kao Corporation), which is a nonionic surfactant, was added and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution. This mixture and 11.93 g of the pigment dispersion 1 were mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a negative photosensitive composition 1.
- Emargen A-60 manufactured by Kao Corporation
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 1 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 in the solid content is 33.13% by weight (the content of the nucleus is 30.11% by weight). %).
- Table 6 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material.
- Negative photosensitive composition 1 is rotated on the surface of "Tempax (manufactured by AGC Techno Glass Co., Ltd.)", which is a transparent glass base material, so that the thickness of the finally obtained cured film is 1.5 ⁇ m. Adjust the number and apply with a spin coater to obtain a coating film, and use a hot plate (SCW-636; manufactured by Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.) to prebak the coating film at 100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 120 seconds. A pre-baked film was obtained.
- SCW-636 manufactured by Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
- an i-line pass filter was set and the i-line of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp was irradiated to the entire surface of the pre-baked film with an exposure amount of 80 mJ / cm 2 (i-line conversion value).
- a small developing apparatus for photolithography AD-2000; manufactured by Takizawa Sangyo Co., Ltd. was used to obtain an exposure film.
- the developing time was 1.5 times the minimum required developing time, and the weight was 2.38.
- the minimum required exposure amount of the negative photosensitive composition 1 was calculated by the above-mentioned method, and further, the development residue on the transparent conductive film was evaluated using the same substrate.
- a silver alloy (an alloy composed of 99.00% by weight of silver and 1.00% by weight of copper) was formed on the entire surface of a 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm non-alkali glass substrate by a sputtering method.
- the silver alloy film is immersed in a 5 wt% oxalic acid aqueous solution maintained at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the silver alloy film was insoluble in a 5 wt% oxalic acid aqueous solution. Further, the substrate 1 having only a silver alloy film having a film thickness of 100 nm was obtained by heating in a dry nitrogen atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the maximum height difference (Rmax 1 ) on the surface of the silver alloy film before coating was obtained by the above method. As a result of measurement, it was 60.0 nm.
- the negative photosensitive composition 1 after being stored at 25 ° C. for 24 hours after preparation is finally obtained as a cured film. Adjust the rotation speed so that the thickness is 1.5 ⁇ m, apply with a spin coater to obtain a coating film, and use a hot plate to prebake the coating film at 100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 2 minutes to prebake. A film was obtained.
- a double-sided alignment single-sided exposure apparatus was used to perform patterning exposure with the i-line (wavelength 365 nm) of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp to obtain an exposure film.
- paddle-type development was performed with a development time 1.5 times the minimum required development time with a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution, and further rinsed with deionized water for 30 seconds. Later, it was dried by air blowing to obtain a patterned developing film, which was heated under air at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes using a high-temperature inert gas oven as a curing step to form the pixel dividing layer 1 on the surface of the silver alloy film.
- the substrate 1 (Rmax 1) provided with only a silver alloy film having a thickness of 100 nm without using the negative type photosensitive composition 1 is used. : 60.0 nm)
- the exposure step, the developing step and the curing step under the same processing conditions as when the pixel dividing layer 1 was formed it was 86.0 nm. there were. That is, when the negative photosensitive composition 1 was not involved at all, the difference due to corrosion during the process was 26.0 nm, whereas the difference when the pixel dividing layer 1 was formed was as small as 15.2 nm.
- the negative type photosensitive composition 1 was a silver alloy film. It was considered that there is an action effect of suppressing the generation of convex portions on the surface of the surface.
- the negative photosensitive composition 1 was stored in a freezer maintained at ⁇ 20 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 3 months, thawed in a water bath at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C., and then stirred on a shaker. The same evaluation was performed, and the frozen storage stability of the negative photosensitive composition 1 was evaluated. Table 7 summarizes the evaluation results regarding the above optical density, the development residue on the transparent conductive film, the change in the maximum height difference on the surface of the silver alloy film, and the frozen storage stability.
- a top-emission organic EL display device including a cured film made of a cured product of the negative photosensitive composition 1 as a pixel dividing layer is produced by the following method, and the occurrence rate (%) of pixels that are not lit. ) was evaluated.
- FIG. 6 shows a manufacturing process of a top emission type organic EL display device including a step of forming a pixel dividing layer.
- a silver alloy (an alloy composed of 99.00% by weight of silver and 1.00% by weight of copper) was entirely formed on the surface of a non-alkali glass substrate 14 having a length of 70 mm and a width of 70 mm by a sputtering method.
- the mixture was immersed in a silver alloy etching solution SEA-1 at a liquid temperature of 30 ° C. and etched to obtain a patterned silver alloy film 15 having a film thickness of 100 nm. Further, an amorphous ITO film having a metastable phase was formed on the entire surface by a sputtering method.
- a first electrode forming substrate 1 having a first electrode composed of a laminated pattern of a silver alloy film / low crystallinity ITO was obtained.
- the negative type photosensitive composition 1 was applied to the surface of the first electrode forming substrate 1 by adjusting the rotation speed so that the film thickness of the finally obtained pixel division layer was 1.5 ⁇ m. It was applied to obtain a coating film. Further, the coating film was prebaked at 100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure for 120 seconds using a hot plate to obtain a prebaked film. Using a double-sided alignment single-sided exposure apparatus set with an i-line path filter, a pattern exposure was performed on the prebake film with the minimum required exposure amount via a negative exposure mask to obtain an exposure film.
- a paddle phenomenon was performed with a 2.38 wt% TMAH aqueous solution at a development time 1.5 times the minimum required development time, and the pattern was rinsed with deionized water for 30 seconds.
- a developed film was obtained.
- the developing film is heated under air at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes, and an opening (length 300 ⁇ m / width 100 ⁇ m) is 55 in an area of 30 mm in length / 30 mm in width in the center of the first electrode forming substrate.
- a pixel division layer forming substrate 1 having a pixel division layer 17 having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m arranged individually was obtained.
- the pixel division layer forming substrate 1 is rotated with respect to the vapor deposition source under the vapor deposition conditions of vacuum degree 1 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa or less.
- the compound (HT-1) represented by the structural formula (61) is 10 nm
- the compound (HT-2) represented by the structural formula (62) is 50 nm.
- the film was formed with a film thickness.
- a 40 nm film is formed on the light emitting layer with a compound (GH-1) represented by the structural formula (63) as a host material and a compound (GD-1) represented by the structural formula (64) as a dopant material.
- the compound (ET-1) represented by the structural formula (66) and the compound (LiQ) represented by the structural formula (65) are mixed in a volume ratio of 1: 1 and a thickness of 40 nm. Laminated.
- a pattern was vapor-deposited with a silver / magnesium alloy (volume ratio 10: 1), and 40 of the 55 openings of the pixel division layer 1 were used as light emitting pixel portions.
- a second electrode 19 having a film thickness of 20 nm was formed so as to be able to function.
- a cap-shaped glass plate was sealed by adhering it with an epoxy resin adhesive to obtain a top emission type organic EL display device 1.
- each layer and the second electrode constituting the organic EL layer 18 is much thinner than that of the pixel dividing layer described above, and it is difficult to measure with high accuracy with a stylus type film thickness measuring device, so that the film thickness is less than 100 nm.
- the film thickness was measured using a crystal oscillation type film thickness monitor suitable for the thin film of No. 1 and rounded off to the first minority point of the average value of the three in-plane points.
- Negative photosensitive compositions 2 to 9 were prepared using the pigment dispersion liquids 2 to 9 in place of the pigment dispersion liquid 1 in the same procedure as in Example 1, and the optical concentration and transparent conductivity were determined by the above method.
- the development residue on the film, the change in the maximum height difference on the surface of the silver alloy film, the stability in freezing and storage, and the occurrence rate of non-lit pixels were evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive compositions 2 to 9 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 in the solid content is 33.13% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 6, Table 8 and Table 10, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 7, Table 9 and Table 11.
- Example 10 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 10.
- NCI-831E was added to a mixed solvent of 1.28 g of MBA and 11.81 g of PGMEA, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved for 3 minutes.
- 0.95 g of ZCR-1569H and 0.60 g of alkali-soluble acrylic resin solution B were added, 0.23 g of DPCA-20, 0.23 g of BP-4EAL, and 0.72 g of EA-. 0250P was added.
- 0.90 g of a 5 wt% PGMEA solution of A-60 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution.
- This mixture and 13.12 g of the pigment dispersion liquid 10 are mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to prepare a negative photosensitive composition 10, and the optical concentration and the development residue on the transparent conductive film are prepared by the method described above.
- the changes in the maximum height difference on the surface of the silver alloy film, the stability of frozen storage, and the incidence of non-lit pixels were evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 10 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 in the solid content is 30.11% by weight.
- Table 10 shows the blending amount (g) of each raw material, and Table 11 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 11 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 11
- NCI-831E was added to a mixed solvent of 1.28 g of MBA and 13.01 g of PGMEA, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved for 3 minutes.
- 0.13 g of ZCR-1569H, 0.81 g of alkali-soluble polyimide resin A, and 0.60 g of alkali-soluble acrylic resin solution B were added, and 0.23 g of DPCA-20 and 0.23 g of DPCA-20 were added.
- BP-4EAL and 0.72 g of EA-0250P were added.
- Example 12 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 12
- a negative photosensitive composition 12 was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 11, and the optical concentration and the development residue on the transparent conductive film were developed by the method described above. , The change in the maximum height difference on the surface of the silver alloy film, the stability of frozen storage, and the occurrence rate of non-lit pixels were evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 12 is 15.00% by weight, and the component (a-2) in the solid content is 30.11% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 10, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 11.
- Example 13 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 13
- the negative photosensitive composition 13 was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 5 except that the alkali-soluble acrylic resin solution B was replaced with ZCR-1569H and PGMEA was changed to 13.01 g.
- the optical density, the development residue on the transparent conductive film, the change in the maximum height difference on the surface of the silver alloy film, the stability in freezing and storage, and the occurrence rate of non-lit pixels were evaluated by the above method.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 13 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 in the solid content is 33.13% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 12, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 13.
- Example 14 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 14
- NCI-831E was added to a mixed solvent of 1.28 g of MBA and 11.98 g of PGMEA, and the mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to dissolve.
- 2.57 g of WR-301, 0.23 g of DPCA-20, 0.23 g of BP-4EAL, and 0.72 g of EA-0250P were added.
- 0.90 g of a 5 wt% PGMEA solution of Emulgen A-60 was added and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution.
- This mixture and 11.93 g of the pigment dispersion liquid 24 were mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to prepare a negative photosensitive composition 14, and the optical concentration and the development residue on the transparent conductive film were prepared by the method described above.
- the changes in the maximum height difference on the surface of the silver alloy film, the stability of frozen storage, and the incidence of non-lit pixels were evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 14 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 in the solid content is 33.13% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 12, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 13.
- the changes in the maximum height difference on the surface of the alloy film, the stability of frozen storage, and the incidence of non-lit pixels were evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 15 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 in the solid content is 30.11% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 14, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 15.
- This mixture and 16.56 g of the pigment dispersion 13 are mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to prepare a negative photosensitive composition 16, and the optical concentration, the development residue on the transparent conductive film, and silver are prepared by the method described above.
- the changes in the maximum height difference on the surface of the alloy film, the stability of frozen storage, and the incidence of non-lit pixels were evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 16 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 in the solid content is 30.11% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 14, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 15.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 17 is 22.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 in the solid content is 32.73% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 14, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 15.
- This mixture and 21.86 g of the pigment dispersion liquid 15 were mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to prepare a negative photosensitive composition 18.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 18 is 22.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 in the solid content is 30.11% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 14, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 15.
- Example 15 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 24
- 0.18 g of the compound represented by the structural formula (31) which is a photopolymerization initiator, is added to a mixed solvent of 2.55 g of MBA and 12.91 g of PGMEA, and the mixture is stirred for 3 minutes. And dissolved.
- 0.95 g of ZCR-1569H and 3.00 g of alkali-soluble acrylic resin solution C were added, 0.23 g of DPCA-60 and 1.17 g of EA-0250P (solid content 50% by weight PGMEA). Solution) was added and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a formulation.
- This mixture and 8.84 g of the pigment dispersion 5 were mixed and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a negative photosensitive composition 24, and the optical concentration, the development residue on the transparent conductive film, and silver were obtained by the above method. The change in the maximum height difference on the surface of the alloy film and the frozen storage stability were evaluated.
- the number of rotations is adjusted so that the film thickness of the thin film portion is 1.5 ⁇ m and the film thickness of the thick film portion is 3.0 ⁇ m, so that the negative photosensitive composition 24 was applied to the surface of the first electrode-forming substrate, and a negative type having a semi-transmissive portion, a total transmissive portion, and a total light-shielding portion in which the i-line transmittance corresponds to 30% of the total transmissive portion.
- Example 7 Using the same method as in Example 1 except that the full-tone exposure amount in the halftone processing calculated by the previous method was pattern-exposed via the halftone exposure mask, the thin film portion having a film thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m and the film thickness A pixel-divided layer-forming substrate having a thick film portion of 3.0 ⁇ m was obtained (FIG. 7). The difference in film thickness between the thin film portion and the thick film portion is 1.5 ⁇ m. Further, an organic EL display device was produced by the same method as in Example 1, and the generation rate (%) of non-lit pixels was evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 24 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 in the solid content is 24.56% by weight (the content of the nucleus is 22. 33% by weight).
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 18, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 19.
- Example 16 Preparation and evaluation of negative photosensitive composition 25
- a negative photosensitive composition 25 was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 15, and the optical density, the development residue on the transparent conductive film, and silver were prepared by the above method. The change in the maximum height difference on the surface of the alloy film and the frozen storage stability were evaluated. Further, by the same method as in Example 15, a pixel-divided layer-forming substrate having a thin film portion having a film thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m and a thick film portion having a film thickness of 3.0 ⁇ m is obtained, and the pixels that are not lit are obtained. The incidence was evaluated.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 25 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 2 in the solid content is 24.56% by weight (the content of the nucleus is 22. 33% by weight).
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 18, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 19.
- the solid content of the negative photosensitive composition 26 is 15.00% by weight, and the content of the benzodifuranone-based black pigment 1 in the solid content is 22.33% by weight.
- the blending amount (g) of each raw material is shown in Table 18, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 19.
- Examples 1 to 16 not only the developability on the transparent conductive film is excellent, but also the maximum height difference (Rmax 2 ) on the surface of the silver alloy film can be reduced as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 10. You can see that. Further, it can be seen that the generation rate of non-lighting pixels in the organic EL display device can be suppressed to a low level. Furthermore, it is also excellent in freezing and storage stability, and its performance as a photosensitive composition is maintained. From the above results, it can be seen that the photosensitive composition or the negative type photosensitive composition of the present invention is very useful.
- TFT 2 Wiring 3: TFT insulating layer 4: Flattening layer 5: First electrode 6: Base material 7: Contact hole 8: Pixel dividing layer 9: Light emitting pixel 10: Second electrode 11: Pixel dividing layer 12: Silver alloy film 13: Alkali-free glass substrate 14: Alkali-free glass substrate 15: Silver alloy film 16: Low crystalline ITO film 17: Pixel dividing layer 18: Organic EL layer 19: Second electrode 20: Thin film transistor portion 21 in the pixel dividing layer: Pixel Thick film transistor 22 in the split layer: First electrode 23: Non-alkali glass substrate
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の第二の態様は、(a-1)有機黒色顔料または(a-2)混色有機黒色顔料と、(b)三級アミノ基を分子内に2つ以上有する樹脂と、(c)感光剤とを含有するネガ型感光性組成物であって、該(b)成分が、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂を含有することを特徴とするネガ型感光性組成物である。
また、本発明の第三の態様は、三級アミノ基を分子内に2つ以上有し、かつ一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂を含有する画素分割層を具備する有機EL表示装置である。
また、本発明の有機EL表示装置によれば、非点灯となる画素の発生を抑制することができる。
本発明の第一の態様である感光性組成物(以下、感光性組成物と呼ぶ場合がある。)は、(a)顔料と、(b)三級アミノ基を分子内に2つ以上有する樹脂と、(c)感光剤とを含有する感光性組成物であって、該(b)成分が、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂を含有する。
(a)顔料の含有量としては、画素分割層の遮光性と現像性とを両立する上で、感光性組成物の全固形分中15~45重量%が好ましい。固形分とは、感光性組成物中に含有する溶媒以外の成分を意味する。
また、本発明の第二態様におけるネガ型感光性組成物は、(a-1)有機黒色顔料または(a-2)混色有機黒色顔料を含有する。(a-1)有機黒色顔料および(a-2)混色有機黒色顔料については、上述した第一態様において説明したものと同様である。
中でも、耐熱性に優れる点で、R1~R10が水素原子であり、かつラクタム環構造を有するベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料を含有することが好ましい。すなわち、構造式(4)で表されるベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料がより好ましい。顔料自身の耐熱性に優れるため、非点灯となる画素の発生を抑制する観点から、230℃以上の高耐熱性が要求される画素分割層の用途に好ましく用いることができる。一般式(2)または一般式(3)で表されるベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料は、イサチンまたはその誘導体と、2,5-ジヒドロベンゼン-1,4-二酢酸とを反応させることにより合成することができる。銀合金膜の腐食を抑制する上で、イサチンまたはその誘導体の残留量が顔料中100ppm以下となるよう精製しておくことが望ましい。構造式(4)で表されるベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料は、市販品を用いてもよく、例えば、“Irgaphor”(登録商標)Black S0100(BASF社製)が挙げられる。
中でも、遮光性と耐熱性に優れる点で、シス体である構造式(7)で表される化合物と、トランス体である構造式(8)で表される化合物の異性体混合物からなるペリレン系黒色顔料がより好ましい。紫外線透過率が高く光硬化性に優れる点で、シス体とトランス体との合計を基準としてトランス体を30重量%以上含有することがさらに好ましい。
アントラキノン系黒色顔料とは、アントラキノン骨格を分子内に有する黒色顔料のことをいい、例えば、特開2018-145353号に記載のラクタム環を分子内に2つ有するアントラキノン系黒色顔料が挙げられ、これらのアントラキノン系黒色顔料はイサチンまたはその誘導体と、1,5-ジアミノアントラキノンとを反応させることにより合成することができる。銀合金膜の腐食を抑制する上で、イサチンまたはその誘導体、および1,5-ジアミノアントラキノンそれぞれの残留量が顔料中100ppm以下となるよう精製しておくことが望ましい。
(a-2-1)に属する有機黄色顔料としては、例えば、C.I.ピグメントイエロー120、138、139、151、175、180、185、181、192、194を好ましく挙げることができ、これらを単独あるいは混合して用いても構わない。
(a-2-1)に属する有機橙色顔料としては、例えば、C.I.ピグメントオレンジ13、36、43、61、64、71、72を挙げることができ、これらを単独あるいは混合して用いても構わない。銀合金膜上における現像性および耐熱性に優れる点でペリノン系橙色顔料が良く、中でも、構造式(9)で表されるC.I.ピグメントオレンジ43が好ましい。C.I.ピグメントオレンジ43は、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸無水物とo-フェニレンジアミンとを反応させ、副生するトランス異性体を除去することにより合成することができる。銀合金膜の腐食を抑制する上で、o-フェニレンジアミンの残留量が顔料中100ppm以下となるよう精製しておくことが望ましい。
(a-1)成分の含有量としては、画素分割層の遮光性と現像性とを両立する上で、感光性組成物またはネガ型感光性組成物の全固形分中15~40重量%が好ましく、(a-2)成分の含有量としては、同観点から、全固形分中25~45重量%が好ましい。全固形分とは、感光性組成物またはネガ型感光性組成物中に含有する溶媒以外の成分を意味する。
その他、画素分割層の光学特性に寄与する成分として、染料を本発明の効果に悪影響が無い範囲で含有させ、画素分割層の分光反射率や膜内部の光散乱性などを微調整してもよい。
なお、一般式(1)中、繰り返し単位数a1が2以上である場合、[A1O]a1で表される部分構造は、互いに炭素数が異なる複数種のアルキレン基を含む繰り返し単位から構成されていてもよい。[CO-A2O]a2、[A3O]a3、および[CO-A4O]a4で表される部分構造についてもまた、それぞれ同様である。
X1およびX2は、親水性を高めて現像性を向上させる上で、それぞれ水素原子またはメチル基が好ましく、少なくともいずれかが水素原子であることが望ましい。
一般式(14)中、a9、a10、a11、a12は整数であり、a9とa10の合計が1~100であり、a11とa12の合計が1~100である。
一般式(15)中、a13、a14、a15、a16、a17、a18は整数であり、a13とa14とa15の合計が1~100であり、a16とa17とa18の合計が1~100である。
n1は整数であり、0~7を表す。X3~X6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素数1~5の炭化水素基を表す。a19~a22は整数であり、それぞれ独立に、1~100を表す。
n2は整数であり、0~7を表す。X7およびX8は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素数1~5の炭化水素基を表す。X9およびX10は、互いに同一であり炭素数1~4のアルキル基を表す。a23~a24は整数であり、それぞれ独立して、1~100を表す。
A20およびA21は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数2~6のアルキレン基を表す。n3は整数であり、0~9を表す。X11~X15は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~5の炭化水素基、一般式(23)で表される有機基または一般式(24)で表される有機基を表す。ただし、X11およびX12のうち少なくともいずれか一方と、X13およびX14のうち少なくともいずれか一方とが、一般式(23)で表される有機基または一般式(24)で表される有機基である。a63~a67は整数であり、それぞれ独立に、1~100を表す。
一般式(24)中、*は酸素原子との結合部位を表す。X17は水素原子またはメチル基を表す。A22Oは、炭素数1~5のオキシアルキレン基を表す。a68は整数であり、1~5を表す。
[A23O]a69で表される部分構造は、現像性の観点から、オキシエチレン基、オキシn-プロピレン基および/またはオキシイソプロピレン基を含むポリオキシアルキレン鎖であることが好ましく、a69は20~80であることが好ましい。
中でも、光硬化性に優れる点で、一般式(28)で表されるε-カプロラクトン変性6官能アクリレートが好ましく、市販品の具体例として、一般式(28)中、n4が2である“KAYARAD”(登録商標)DPCA-20、n4が3である同DPCA-30、n4が6である同DPCA-60、n4が6である同DPCA-120(以上、いずれも日本化薬製)が挙げられる。
一般式(29)中、a70およびa71は整数であり、1~4を表す。A24OおよびA25Oは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~3のオキシアルキレン基を表す。X18およびX19は、互いに同一であり、水素原子またはメチル基を表す。
三級アミノ基を有さずラジカル重合性基を分子内に2つ以上有する化合物の含有量は、現像残渣の抑制と、パターンエッジの低テーパー形状を両立する観点で、ネガ型感光性組成物中の全固形分中、10~40重量%が好ましい。
オキシムエステル系光重合開始剤としては、構造式(30)で表される化合物である“アデカクルーズ”(登録商標)NCI-831E((株)ADEKA製、「以下、NCI-831E」)、構造式(31)で表される化合物、特開2008/100955号公報に記載の化合物、国際公開2006/018405公報に記載の化合物、構造式(32)で表される化合物である“Irgacure”(登録商標)OXE02(以下、「OXE02」)などが挙げられる。なお、NCI-831Eは、特許文献4に記載のNCI-831と同一の構造である。
一般式(33)中、R19-(R21)pは、酸二無水物の残基を表す。R19は、芳香族環または環状脂肪族基を有する、炭素原子数5~50の有機基が好ましい。
酸二無水物としては、例えば、ピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン二無水物、ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト-7-エン-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物が挙げられる。
ジアミンとしては、例えば、m-フェニレンジアミン、p-フェニレンジアミン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、9,9-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン、ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、ジアミノジフェニルメタン、ジアミノジフェニルプロパン、ジアミノジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビストリフルオロベンジジン、2,2’-ビストリフルオロベンジジン、2,5-ビス(アミノメチル)ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタン、2,6-ビス(アミノメチル)ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプタンが挙げられる。
アルカリ可溶性エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂のPGMEA溶液の市販品としては、例えば、ZAR-1494H、ZAR-2001H、ZFR-1491H、ZCR-1569H、ZCR-1797H、ZCR-1798H、ZCR-1761H(いずれも、日本化薬(株)製)が挙げられる。
アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂としては、エチレン性不飽和二重結合を分子内に1つ有する(メタ)アクリレート系化合物を2種類以上選択し、共重合して得られる樹脂が挙げられる。(メタ)アクリレート系化合物としては、例えば、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、n-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、イソボルニルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、4-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、3-(メタクリロイルオキシメチル)オキセタン、3-(メタクリロイルオキシメチル)-3-エチルオキセタン、(メタ)アクリル酸、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、オキサゾリドン(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロデカニル(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。
上記のエチレン性不飽和二重結合を分子内に1つ有する(メタ)アクリレート系化合物のうち、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、4-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート由来の構造単位が構造式(39)で表される構造単位に相当する。具体例としては、メタクリル酸/2-ヒドロキシエチルメタアクリレート/ベンジルメタクリレート共重合体、アクリル酸/4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート/2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレート共重合体が好ましく挙げられる。
アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂の酸価は、現像残渣を抑制する上で、5mgKOH/g以上が好ましい。現像工程でのパターンエッジ剥がれを抑制する観点から、200mgKOH/g以下が好ましい。
アルカリ可溶性樹脂として、前述のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂および/またはアルカリ可溶性エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂に加えて、構造式(39)で表される構造単位を有するアルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂を含有することが特に好ましい。
溶剤としては、例えば、エーテル系溶剤、アセテート系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤などが挙げられ、中でも、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂の分散安定化効果を向上できることからアセテート系溶剤を含有することが好ましい。
(a-1)成分に対する分散安定化効果を高める上で、例えば、構造式(43)で表される化合物を好ましく用いることができる場合がある。(a-2)成分に対する分散安定化効果を高める上では、例えば、構造式(44)で表される化合物を好ましく用いることができる場合がある。
塗布工程においては、感光性組成物またはネガ型感光性組成物を基板に塗布して塗布膜を得る。基板としては、例えば、トップエミッション型の有機表示装置を製造する場合、塗布工程に用いる塗布装置としては、例えば、スリットコーター、スピンコーター、グラビアコーター、ディップコーター、カーテンフローコーター、ロールコーター、スプレーコーター、スクリーン印刷機、インクジェットが挙げられる。画素分割層はパネル構成上、キュア工程後の時点で0.5~3μm程度の膜厚となるように形成されるため、薄膜塗布に好適で塗布欠陥が発生しづらく、膜厚均一性と生産性に優れることから、スリットコーターまたはスピンコーターが好ましく、省液の観点からスリットコーターがより好ましい。
以上の各工程を経て本発明の感光性組成物またはネガ型感光性組成物の硬化膜を含む画素分割層を得ることができる。
I0:入射光強度
I:透過光強度。
有機EL表示装置は、例えば、第一電極、画素分割層、発光画素、第二電極を具備する構成が挙げられる。図1に、本発明の実施形態の具体例として好ましく挙げられる有機EL表示装置におけるTFT基板の断面図を示す。
第一電極5を形成する方法としては、スパッタ法により金属反射層を全面成膜した後にエッチング用ポジ型レジストをフォトリソグラフィ法によりパターン状のレジスト膜を得て、レジスト非形成部の金属反射層のみをエッチング液により除去し、レジスト剥離液によりレジスト膜を除去し、さらに同様の手順で同パターン状の透明導電膜を積層する。透明導電膜は、金属反射層の上部だけでなく、側面部を覆うようにして形成されても構わない。また、側面部を覆う積層構成でない場合、金属反射層と透明導電膜とを一括形成してもよい。金属反射層の基板に対する密着性を高めるため、基板/透明導電膜/金属反射層/透明導電膜の積層構成であってもよい。
基板6にガラスなどに代表される硬質の板状基板を用いれば、曲げることができないリジッドタイプの有機EL表示装置とすることができる。ガラスとしては、アルカリ金属元素の含有量が0.5%未満であり、ケイ素を主成分とする無アルカリガラスを好適に用いることができる。中でも、熱膨張係数が小さく、250℃以上の高温プロセスにおける寸法安定性に優れたものがよく、例えば、OA-10G、OA-11(以上、いずれも日本電気硝子(株)製)、AN-100(旭硝子(株)製)が挙げられ、その厚さは、物理的耐久性の観点から通常0.1~0.5mmである。
本発明の第三の態様である有機EL表示装置は、三級アミノ基を分子内に2つ以上有し、かつ一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂を含有する画素分割層を具備する。
まず、各実施例および比較例における評価方法について説明する。
<必要最低露光量の算出>
150mm×150mmの無アルカリガラス基板の表面に、スパッタ法によりアモルファスITO膜を全面成膜し、乾燥窒素雰囲気下150℃30分間の低温アニール処理を行い、膜厚10nmの低結晶性ITO膜を具備する基板を得た。低結晶性ITO膜の表面に、ネガ型感光性組成物を、最終的に得られる硬化膜の厚さが1.5μmとなるように回転数を調節してスピンコーターで塗布して塗布膜を得て、ホットプレート(SCW-636;大日本スクリーン製造(株)製)を用いて、塗布膜を大気圧下100℃で2分間プリベークして、プリベーク膜形成基板を得て、それを二枚に割断した。2.38重量%TMAH水溶液を入れたトレーに、一方のプリベーク膜形成基板を浸漬し、プリベーク膜を溶解させ、面内の一部に基板が目視された時点の時間を必要最低現像時間とした。さらに、もう一方のプリベーク膜形成基板を用いて、両面アライメント片面露光装置(マスクアライナーPEM-6M;ユニオン光学(株)製)に、i線のみを透過するi線パスファイタをセットして感度測定用グレースケールマスク(MDRM MODEL 4000-5-FS;Opto-Line International社製)を介して、超高圧水銀灯のi線(波長365nm)でパターニング露光し、露光膜を得た。次いで、フォトリソグラフィ用小型現像装置(AD-2000;滝沢産業(株)製)を用いて必要最低現像時間に対して1.5倍の現像時間、2.38重量%TMAH水溶液でパドル式現像し、さらに、脱イオン水で30秒間リンスした後にエアーブローにより乾燥させ、パターン状の現像膜を具備する現像膜形成基板を得た。次いで、FPD検査顕微鏡(MX-61L;オリンパス(株)製)を用いて、作製した現像膜の解像パターンを観察し、ライン・アンド・スペースパターンの開口寸法40μm幅に対して、マスクバイアス+2μmの条件で、現像膜のパターン線幅が42μmで形成する露光量(mJ/cm2:i線照度計の値)を、ネガ型感光性組成物の必要最低露光量(感度)とした。なお、必要最低露光量の算出のために作製した現像膜形成基板を、後述する透明導電膜上の現像残渣評価用基板としてそのまま活用した。
前述と同様の方法で得た低結晶性ITO膜を具備する基板の表面に、ネガ型感光性組成物を、最終的に得られる硬化膜において、後述するフルトーン露光量の照射を経て形成される厚膜部位の膜厚が3.0μmとなるように回転数を調節してスピンコーターで塗布して塗布膜を得た。ホットプレートを用いて塗布膜を大気圧下100℃で2分間プリベークして、プリベーク膜形成基板を得て、それを二枚に割断した。2.38重量%TMAH水溶液を入れたトレーに、一方のプリベーク膜形成基板を浸漬し、プリベーク膜を溶解させ、面内の一部に基板が目視された時点の時間を必要最低現像時間とした。さらに、もう一方のプリベーク膜形成基板を用いて、前述と同様の方法で感度測定用グレースケールマスクを介して超高圧水銀灯のi線でパターニング露光し、露光膜を得た。次いで、AD-2000を用いて必要最低現像時間に対して1.5倍の現像時間、2.38重量%TMAH水溶液でパドル式現像した。さらに、脱イオン水で30秒間リンスした後にエアーブローにより乾燥させ、パターン状の現像膜を具備する現像膜形成基板を得た。次いで、空気下230℃で30分間加熱して硬化膜形成基板を得て、硬化膜の膜厚が1.5μmで形成されたときの露光量(mJ/cm2:i線照度計の値)を、ネガ型感光性組成物のハーフトーン露光量とした。別途、ハーフトーン露光量の値に100を乗じ、30で除した値をフルトーン露光量とした。すなわち、ハーフトーン露光量とは、フルトーン露光量の30%に相当する。
実施例1~16および比較例1~10により得られた、透明ガラス基材である「テンパックス(AGCテクノグラス(株)製)の表面に厚さ1.5μmの硬化膜を形成した光学濃度評価用基板について、光学濃度計(X-Rite社製;X-Rite 361T)を用いて膜面側から面内3箇所において全光学濃度(Total OD値)を測定して平均値を算出し、その数値を1.5で除した値を小数点第二位を四捨五入した小数点第一位までの数値を、硬化膜の厚さ1.0μmあたりのOD値(OD/μm)とした。OD/μmが高いほど遮光性に優れた硬化膜であるとの基準で評価を行った。硬化膜を形成していないテンパックスのOD値を別途測定した結果、0.00であったため、光学濃度評価用基板のOD値を、硬化膜のOD値とみなした。硬化膜の厚さは、触針式膜厚測定装置(東京精密(株);サーフコム)を用いて、面内3箇所において測定し、その平均値の小数点第二位を四捨五入して、小数点第一位までの数値を求めた。
実施例1~16および比較例1~10により得られた透明導電膜上の現像残渣評価用基板の中央部に位置する開口部10箇所を、光学顕微鏡を用いて倍率100倍に拡大して観察し、各開口部における長径0.1μm以上3.0μm未満の現像残渣の個数を計数した。開口部1箇所あたりに観測された現像残渣の平均個数から、以下の判定基準に基づいて評価し、AAおよびA~Cを合格、D~Eを不合格とした。ただし、長径3.0μmを超える残渣が観られた場合は残渣の平均個数に関わらず、Eと評価した。
AA:現像残渣が全く観られない。
A:5個未満の残渣が観られる。
B:5個以上、10個未満の現像残渣が観られる。
C:10個以上、20個未満の現像残渣が観られる。
D:20個以上の現像残渣が観られる。
E:長径3.0μmを超える現像残渣が観られる。
実施例1~16および比較例1~10により得られた銀合金膜の表面粗さ評価用基板について、測定項目(i)および(ii)を、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて以下の測定を行い、μmの単位で出力された値をnmの単位に換算し、小数点第二位を四捨五入して、小数点第一位までの数値を求めた。なお、図2に最大高低差Rmax2の測定箇所を示す断面図を示す。
<測定条件>
原子間力顕微鏡:Dimension Icon(BRUKER社製)
測定エリア:91.9μm×91.9μm(面内256ポイント測定)
試料温度:25℃
出力値:最大高低差(Rmax)
出力単位:μm
<測定項目>
(i)塗布前の銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差(Rmax1)
(ii)画素分割層形成後の開口部に位置する銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差(Rmax2)
Rmax2からRmax1を差し引いた値が、初期状態である塗布前を基準として、画素分割層形成後の変化を意味し、その値が小さいほど銀合金膜の表面粗さが維持されており、優れていることを示す。以下の判定基準に基づいて評価し、AAおよびA~Cを合格、D~Eを不合格とした。
AA:差分(Rmax2-Rmax1)が、5.0nm未満である。
A:差分(Rmax2-Rmax1)が、5.0nm以上、10.0nm未満である。
B:差分(Rmax2-Rmax1)が、10.0nm以上、50.0nm未満である。
C:差分(Rmax2-Rmax1)が、50.0nm以上、100.0nm未満である。
D:差分(Rmax2-Rmax1)が、100.0nm以上、200.0nm未満である。
E:差分(Rmax2-Rmax1)が、200.0nm以上である。
実施例1~16および比較例1~10により得られたトップエミッション型有機EL表示装置を、10mA/cm2の直流駆動により500時間発光させて、1部あたり面内に有する画素部40箇所を倍率50倍でモニター上に拡大表示させて観察した。同一の条件で作製したトップエミッション型有機EL表示装置10部あたりに含まれる非点灯となる画素数を計数して、以下の式により非点灯となる画素の発生率(%)を求め、小数点第一位を四捨五入した値を算出した。なお、評価対象とした全ての画素の合計数は400である。以下の判定基準に基づいて評価し、A~Cを合格、D~Eを不合格とした。
非点灯となる画素の発生率(%)=非点灯となる画素の合計数/全ての画素の合計数×100
A:非点灯となる画素の発生率が、10%未満である。
B:非点灯となる画素の発生率が、10%以上15%未満である。
C:非点灯となる画素の発生率が、15%以上20%未満である。
D:非点灯となる画素の発生率が、20%以上30%未満である。
E:非点灯となる画素の発生率が、30%以上である。
「分散剤1」:構造式(45)で表される化合物(一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂に相当する。固形分100重量%)。
「DISPERBYK-LPN21116」:構造式(57)で表される構造単位と、構造式(58)で表される構造単位と、構造式(59)で表される構造単位とを分子内に有する化合物の、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル/1-メトキシ-2-プロピルアセタート溶液(ビックケミー社製:一般式(1)で表される構造を有さない樹脂であり、4級アンモニウム塩基と3級アミノ基とを有するブロック型アクリル共重合体。固形分40重量%)。
「DISPERBYK-167」:イソシアヌレート環とポリカプロラクトン鎖とを分子内に有するウレタン樹脂の固形分52重量%溶液(ビックケミー社製:一般式(1)で表される構造を有さない樹脂)。
「DISPERBYK-111」:ポリエチレングリコールとポリカプロラクトンとの直鎖状ブロック共重合体の片末端にリン酸基を有するリン酸モノエステル系分散剤(ビックケミー社製:一般式(1)で表される構造を有さない樹脂。固形分100重量%)。
「分散助剤a」:構造式(44)で表される化合物。
「分散剤12」:構造式(60)で表される化合物(本明細書中における樹脂に属さない低分子化合物。固形分100重量%)。
「ZCR-1797H」:一般式(38)で表される構造単位を有するアルカリ可溶性エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂のPGMEA溶液(日本化薬製:固形分酸価98mgKOH/g:重量平均分子量6400:固形分62重量%)。
「WR-301」:アルカリ可溶性カルド樹脂のPGMEA溶液(ADEKA製:固形分酸価98mgKOH/g:重量平均分子量5500:固形分42重量%)。
「ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1」:構造式(4)で表されるベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料(BET法による比表面積30m2/g)。
乾燥窒素気流下、150.15gの2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(0.41mol)、6.20gの1,3-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)テトラメチルジシロキサン(0.02mol)、および、末端封止剤である13.65gの3-アミノフェノール(0.13mol)を、有機溶剤である500.00gのN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(以下、「NMP」)に溶解し、そこに155.10gのビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(0.50mol)および150gのNMPを加えて20℃で1時間撹拌し、さらに水を除去しながら180℃で4時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液を10Lの水に投入し、生成した沈殿物を濾過して集め、水で5回洗浄し、80℃の真空乾燥機で20時間乾燥して、白色粉末状であり、重量平均分子量(Mw)が25000のアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂Aを合成した。
乾燥窒素気流下、液温120℃に維持して攪拌中の260.83gのPGMEA中に、漏斗を用いて、72.10gの4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート(0.50mol)と、92.15gの2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート(0.50mol)と、1.47gのアクリル酸(0.02mol)と、重合開始剤である8.16gのt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエートとの混合物を1時間かけて滴下し、最終的に得られる共重合体の重量平均分子量が10000となるまで、120℃で攪拌して共重合して樹脂溶液を得た。これを25℃に冷却した後にPGMEAを用いて固形分30重量%に希釈し、アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Bを得た。アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Bは、4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート/2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート/アクリル酸=49/49/2のmol%比率からなる共重合体を含有するPGMEA溶液である。
500.00gの構造式(4)で表されるベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料を、4500.00gの脱イオン水を入れたガラス容器に投入してディゾルバーで攪拌し、水性顔料懸濁液の予備攪拌液を得た。これをチューブポンプで吸い上げ、0.4mmφジルコニアビーズ(東レ製:トレセラム(登録商標))が充填率75体積%で充填されたベッセルを具備するビーズミル内に送液し、吐出量300mL/minで2パス分散を行った。次いで、0.05mmφジルコニアビーズ(東レ製:トレセラム(登録商標))が充填率75体積%で充填されたベッセルを具備するビーズミル内に送液して吐出量300mL/minで6時間循環分散を行い、元のガラス容器内に全量を吐出させ、再びディゾルバーで攪拌した。水性顔料懸濁液のうち10mLをサンプリングし、口径0.45mmのシリンジフィルタで濾過したところ、閉塞することなく全量を通液できることを確認した。pHメーターをその先端電極部がガラス容器内で攪拌中の水性顔料懸濁液の液面から3~5cmの深さで漬かるようにセットし、得られた水性顔料懸濁液のpHを測定したところ、pH4.5(液温25℃)を示した。その後、攪拌しながら水性顔料懸濁液の液温を40℃まで昇温して、30分後に一旦攪拌を止めて、2分後にガラス容器の底に沈降堆積物が無いことを確認し、攪拌を再開した。
65.07gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(0.50mol)と、211.45gのベンジルメタクリレート(1.20mol)と、25.83gのメタクリル酸(0.30mol)と、重合開始剤である5.00gの2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)と、200.00gのPGMEAとの混合溶液を作製した。これを、乾燥窒素気流下、液温90℃に維持して攪拌中の261.02gのPGMEA中に漏斗を用いて1時間かけて滴下した。その後、溶液を120℃に昇温して維持し、最終的に得られる共重合体の重量平均分子量が8000となるまで攪拌しながら共重合して樹脂溶液を得た。これを25℃に冷却した後にPGMEAを用いて固形分30重量%となるように希釈し、アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Cを得た。
アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Cは、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート/ベンジルメタクリレート/メタクリル酸=25/60/15のmol%比率からなる共重合体を含有するPGMEA溶液である。
37.50gの分散剤1と、53.57gのZCR-1569H(固形分70.00重量%)とを、有機溶剤である783.93gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、125.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。0.4mmφのジルコニアビーズ(東レ(株)製“トレセラム”(登録商標))が充填されたビーズミルに予備攪拌液を送液し、30分間循環方式で湿式メディア分散処理を行った。さらに、0.05mmφのジルコニアビーズ(東レ(株)製“トレセラム”(登録商標))が充填されたビーズミルに送液し、循環式で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、30分間を経過して以降、分散処理時間が15分間経過するごとにガラス瓶へ適量抜き出してサンプリングした顔料分散液を、動的光散乱法粒度分布測定装置「SZ-100」にセットして平均分散粒子径を測定した。サンプリング後30分間経過後の平均分散粒子径が100±10nmの範囲内となった顔料分散液のうち、分散処理時間が最も短い顔料分散液を「顔料分散液1」とした。なお、顔料分散液1は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2/分散剤1/ZCR-1569H=100/30/30である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表2に示す。
分散剤1に替えて、分散剤2~8をそれぞれ用いて、調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液2~8を調製した。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表2に示す。
(調製例9:顔料分散液9の製造)
分散剤1に替えて、分散剤5と分散剤9とを、分散剤5:分散剤9=固形分重量比率2:1になるように用いて、調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液9を調製した。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表3に示す。
34.09gの分散剤5と、74.68gのZCR-1569Hとを、777.60gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、113.64gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液10を調製した。顔料分散液10は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1/分散剤5/ZCR-1569H=100/30/46である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表3に示す。
37.50gの分散剤5と、37.50gのアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂Aとを、800.00gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、125.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液11を調製した。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表3に示す。
37.50gの分散剤5と、48.21gのZCR-1569Hと、3.75gの分散助剤aとを、785.54gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、有機橙色顔料である25.00gのC.I.ピグメントオレンジ43と、有機青色顔料である31.25gのC.I.ピグメントブルー60と、有機青色顔料である31.25gのC.I.ピグメントブルー65と、有機赤色顔料である37.50gのC.I.ピグメントレッド179とを投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液12を調製した。顔料分散液12は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、(a-2)成分/分散助剤a/分散剤5/ZCR-1569H=100/3/30/27である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表3に示す。
15.00gのSolsperse20000と、45.00gのアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂Aとを、有機溶剤である850.00gのMBAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、90.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液13を調製した。顔料分散液13は、固形分15.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1/Solsperse20000/アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂A=100/16.67/50である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表4に示す。
125.00gのDISPERBYK-LPN21116(固形分40.00重量%)と、71.43gのZCR-1569Hとを、混合溶剤(160.00gのMBと、543.57gのPGMEA)に混合して10分間撹拌した後、100.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液14を調製した。顔料分散液14は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1/DISPERBYK-LPN21116/ZCR-1569H=100/50/50である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表4に示す。
125.00gのDISPERBYK-LPN21116と、6.00gのDISPERBYK-111と、62.86gのZCR-1569Hとを、混合溶剤(160.00gのMBと、546.14gのPGMEA)に混合して10分間撹拌した後、100.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液15を調製した。顔料分散液15は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1/DISPERBYK-LPN21116/DISPERBYK-111/ZCR-1569H=100/50/6/44である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表4に示す。
93.75gのDISPERBYK-LPN21116と、53.57gのZCR-1569Hとを、727.68gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、125.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液15を調製した。顔料分散液15は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2/DISPERBYK-LPN21116/ZCR-1569H=100/30/30である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表4に示す。
分散剤を用いず、107.14gのZCR-1569Hを、767.86gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、125.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液17を得ようとしたが、平均分散粒子径100±10nmの範囲内に到達する前の段階で再凝集が顕著に生じた。顔料分散液の激しい粘度上昇によりポンプ内圧が上がり、ビーズミルのベッセル内への送液が困難となったため湿式メディア分散処理を中止せざるを得ず、顔料分散液17を得ることはできなかった。各原料の配合量(g)を表4に示す。
分散剤1に替えて、分散剤10~11をそれぞれ用いて、調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液18~19を調製した。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表5に示す。
分散剤1に替えて、分散剤12、Solsperse24000GRをそれぞれ用いて、調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液20~21を得ようとしたが、いずれも平均分散粒子径100±10nmの範囲内に到達する前の段階で再凝集が顕著に生じた。顔料分散液の激しい粘度上昇によりポンプ内圧が上がり、ビーズミルのベッセル内への送液が困難となったため湿式メディア分散処理を中止せざるを得ず、顔料分散液20~21を得ることはできなかった。各原料の配合量(g)を表5に示す。
72.12gのDISPERBYK-167(固形分52.00重量%)と、53.57gのZCR-1569Hとを、749.31gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、125.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液22を調製した。顔料分散液22は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1/DISPERBYK-167/ZCR-1569H=100/30/30である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表5に示す。
93.75gのDISPERBYK-LPN21116と、48.21gのZCR-1569Hと、3.75gの分散助剤aとを、729.29gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、有機橙色顔料である25.00gのC.I.ピグメントオレンジ43と、有機青色顔料である31.25gのC.I.ピグメントブルー60と、有機青色顔料である31.25gのC.I.ピグメントブルー65と、有機赤色顔料である37.50gのC.I.ピグメントレッド179とを投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液23を調製した。顔料分散液23は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、(a-2)成分/分散助剤a/DISPERBYK-LPN21116/ZCR-1569H=100/3/30/27である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表5に示す。
37.50gの分散剤5と、アルカリ可溶性カルド樹脂溶液である89.29gのWR-301(固形分42.00重量%)とを、748.21gのPGMEAに混合して10分間撹拌した後、125.00gのベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2を投入して30分間撹拌して予備攪拌液を得た。以降の工程は調製例1と同様の手順で湿式メディア分散処理を行い、顔料分散液24を調製した。顔料分散液24は、固形分20.00重量%であり、固形分重量比率は、ベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2/分散剤5/WR-301=100/30/30である。各原料の配合量(g)と平均分散粒子径を表5に示す。
黄色灯下、1.28gのMBAと、12.66gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、光重合開始剤である0.18gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、1.29gのZCR-1569Hと、0.60gのアルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Bを添加し、三級アミノ基を有さずラジカル重合性基を分子内に2つ以上有する化合物である0.23gのDPCA-20と、0.23gのBP-4EALと、0.72gのEA-0250P(固形分50重量%のPGMEA溶液)を添加した。さらに、ノニオン系界面活性剤であるエマルゲンA-60(花王(株)製)の5重量%PGMEA溶液を、0.90g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、11.93gの顔料分散液1とを混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物1を得た。ネガ型感光性組成物1の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は33.13重量%である(核の含有量は、30.11重量%)。各原料の配合量(g)を表6に示す。
150mm×150mmの無アルカリガラス基板の表面に、スパッタ法により銀合金(99.00重量%の銀と、1.00重量%の銅からなる合金)を全面成膜した。銀合金膜の表面状態を、さらに低結晶性ITO膜を積層したときと比べて近しい外的負荷履歴として評価するために、液温50℃に維持した5重量%シュウ酸水溶液に5分間浸漬し、脱イオン水で2分間シャワー水洗した後にエアーブローで乾燥させた。なお、銀合金膜は5重量%シュウ酸水溶液に対して不溶であった。さらに、乾燥窒素雰囲気150℃30分間加熱し、膜厚100nmの銀合金膜のみを具備する基板1を得て、前述の方法で塗布前の銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差(Rmax1)を測定した結果、60.0nmであった。
以上の光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性について評価結果を表7にまとめて示す。
図6に、画素分割層の形成工程を含むトップエミッション型の有機EL表示装置の作製工程を示す。
顔料分散液1に替えて、顔料分散液2~9をそれぞれ用いて、実施例1と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物2~9を調製して、前述の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物2~9の固形分はいずれも15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量はいずれも33.13重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表6、表8および表10に、評価結果を表7、表9および表11に示す。
黄色灯下、1.28gのMBAと、11.81gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、0.18gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、0.95gのZCR-1569Hと、0.60gのアルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Bを添加し、0.23gのDPCA-20と、0.23gのBP-4EALと、0.72gのEA-0250Pを添加した。さらに、A-60(花王(株)製)の5重量%PGMEA溶液を、0.90g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、13.12gの顔料分散液10とを混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物10を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物10の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1の含有量は30.11重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表10に、評価結果を表11示す。
黄色灯下、1.28gのMBAと、13.01gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、0.18gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、0.13gのZCR-1569Hと、0.81gのアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂Aと、0.60gのアルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Bを添加し、0.23gのDPCA-20と、0.23gのBP-4EALと、0.72gのEA-0250Pを添加した。さらに、エマルゲンA-60の5重量%PGMEA溶液を、0.90g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、11.93gの顔料分散液11とを混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物11を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物11の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は33.13重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表10に、評価結果を表11示す。
顔料分散液11に替えて、顔料分散液12を用いて、実施例11と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物12を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物12の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中の(a-2)成分は30.11重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表10に、評価結果を表11に示す。
アルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Bを用いず、ZCR-1569Hに置換して、PGMEAを13.01gに変更した以外は実施例5と同様の手順で、ネガ型感光性組成物13を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物13の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は33.13重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表12に、評価結果を表13に示す。
黄色灯下、1.28gのMBAと、11.98gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、0.18gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、2.57gのWR-301と、0.23gのDPCA-20と、0.23gのBP-4EALと、0.72gのEA-0250Pを添加した。さらに、エマルゲンA-60の5重量%PGMEA溶液を、0.90g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、11.93gの顔料分散液24とを混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物14を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物14の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は33.13重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表12に、評価結果を表13に示す。
黄色灯下、11.42gのMBA中に、0.18gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、0.80gのアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂Aと、0.45gのジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート(表中、「DPHA」)を添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、16.56gの顔料分散液13を混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物15を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物15の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1の含有量は30.11重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表14に、評価結果を表15に示す。
黄色灯下、9.44gのPGMEA中に、0.18gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、1.14gのZCR-1569Hと、0.23gのDPCA-20と、0.23gのBP-4EALと、0.72gのEA-0250Pを添加した。さらに、エマルゲンA-60の5重量%PGMEA溶液を、0.90g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、16.56gの顔料分散液13を混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物16を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物16の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1の含有量は30.11重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表14に、評価結果を表15に示す。
黄色灯下、1.14gのMBAと、3.03gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、光重合開始剤である0.26gのOXE02を添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、2.14gのZCR-1797Hと、0.55gのDPHA-40Hとを添加した。さらに、メタクリロイル基含有ホスフェートであるKAYAMER PM-21の5重量%PGMEA溶液を0.66g添加し、界面活性剤であるメガファックF-559(DIC製)の5重量%PGMEA溶液を0.10g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、23.76gの顔料分散液14を混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物17を調製した。前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物17の固形分は22.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1の含有量は32.73重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表14に、評価結果を表15に示す。
黄色灯下、1.18gのMBAと、3.97gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、光重合開始剤である0.26gのNCI-831Eを添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、1.75gのZCR-1797Hと、0.87gのDPHAとを添加した。さらに、ノ二オン系界面活性剤であるメガファックF-559(DIC製)の5重量%PGMEA溶液を0.10g添加して10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、21.86gの顔料分散液15を混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物18を調製した。前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物18の固形分は22.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1の含有量は30.11重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表14に、評価結果を表15に示す。
顔料分散液1に替えて、顔料分散液16を用いて、実施例1と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物19を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物19の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は33.13重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表14に、評価結果を表15に示す。
顔料分散液1に替えて、顔料分散液18、19、22をそれぞれ用いて、実施例1と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物20~22を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物20~22の固形分はいずれも15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は33.13重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表16に、評価結果を表17に示す。
顔料分散液1に替えて、顔料分散液23を用いて、実施例1と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物23を調製して、前途の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性、非点灯となる画素の発生率について評価した。ネガ型感光性組成物23の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中の(a-2)成分の含有量は30.11重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表16に、評価結果を表17に示す。
黄色灯下、2.55gのMBAと、12.91gのPGMEAとの混合溶剤中に、光重合開始剤である0.18gの構造式(31)で表される化合物を添加して3分間攪拌して溶解させた。これに、0.95gのZCR-1569Hと、3.00gのアルカリ可溶性アクリル樹脂溶液Cを添加し、0.23gのDPCA-60と、1.17gのEA-0250P(固形分50重量%のPGMEA溶液)を添加し、10分間攪拌して調合液を得た。この調合液と、8.84gの顔料分散液5とを混合して30分間撹拌し、ネガ型感光性組成物24を得て、前述の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性について評価した。また、最終的に得られる画素分割層において、薄膜部位の膜厚が1.5μm、厚膜部位の膜厚が3.0μmとなるように回転数を調節して、ネガ型感光性組成物24を第一電極形成基板の表面に塗布したこと、i線透過率が全透過部と比べて30%に相当する半透過部と、全透過部と、全遮光部とを面内に有するネガ型ハーフトーン露光マスクを介して、前途の方法で算出したハーフトーン加工におけるフルトーン露光量をパターン露光したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、膜厚が1.5μmの薄膜部位と、膜厚が3.0μmの厚膜部位とを有する画素分割層形成基板を得た(図7)。薄膜部位と厚膜部位との膜厚の差は1.5μmである。さらに、実施例1と同様の方法で有機EL表示装置を作製し、非点灯となる画素の発生率(%)を評価した。なお、ネガ型感光性組成物24の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は24.56重量%である(核の含有量は、22.33重量%)。各原料の配合量(g)を表18に、評価結果を表19に示す。
ZCR-1569Hに替えて、アルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂Aを用い、実施例15と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物25を調製し、前述の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性を評価した。また、実施例15と同様の方法で、膜厚が1.5μmの薄膜部位と、膜厚が3.0μmの厚膜部位とを有する画素分割層形成基板を得て、非点灯となる画素の発生率を評価した。なお、ネガ型感光性組成物25の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料2の含有量は24.56重量%である(核の含有量は、22.33重量%)。各原料の配合量(g)を表18に、評価結果を表19に示す。
顔料分散液5に替えて、顔料分散液14を用い、実施例15と同様の手順でネガ型感光性組成物26を調製し、前述の方法で光学濃度、透明導電膜上の現像残渣、銀合金膜の表面の最大高低差の変化、冷凍貯蔵安定性について評価した。さらに、実施例15と同様の方法で、膜厚が1.5μmの薄膜部位と、膜厚が3.0μmの厚膜部位とを有する画素分割層形成基板を得た。実施例1と同様の方法で有機EL表示装置を作製し、非点灯となる画素の発生率を評価した。なお、ネガ型感光性組成物26の固形分は15.00重量%であり、固形分中のベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料1の含有量は22.33重量%である。各原料の配合量(g)を表18に、評価結果を表19に示す。
前述のネガ型感光性組成物17を同じ配合量で再度調製し、ハーフトーン加工を試みたが、膜の剥がれが顕著であり、膜厚が1.5μmの薄膜部位と、膜厚が3.0μmの厚膜部位とを有する画素分割層を具備する有機EL表示装置を作製できなかった。
2:配線
3:TFT絶縁層
4:平坦化層
5:第一電極
6:基材
7:コンタクトホール
8:画素分割層
9:発光画素
10:第二電極
11:画素分割層
12:銀合金膜
13:無アルカリガラス基板
14:無アルカリガラス基板
15:銀合金膜
16:低結晶性ITO膜
17:画素分割層
18:有機EL層
19:第二電極
20:画素分割層における薄膜部位
21:画素分割層における厚膜部位
22:第一電極
23:無アルカリガラス基板
Claims (15)
- (a-1)有機黒色顔料または(a-2)混色有機黒色顔料と、
(b)三級アミノ基を分子内に2つ以上有する樹脂と、
(c)感光剤とを含有するネガ型感光性組成物であって、
該(b)成分が、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂を含有するネガ型感光性組成物。
- 前記一般式(2)または一般式(3)で表されるベンゾジフラノン系黒色顔料が、その表面に被覆層を有し、該被覆層が、シリカ、金属酸化物および金属水酸化物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の被覆材を含有する請求項4に記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する樹脂が、炭素数1および2のオキシアルキレン基を含む繰り返し単位の合計mol数を、炭素数3~5のオキシアルキレン基を含む繰り返し単位の合計mol数で除した値が、0.76~4.00である樹脂を含有する、請求項1~5いずれかに記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
- さらに、(d)アルカリ可溶性樹脂を含有し、該(d)成分がアルカリ可溶性ポリイミド樹脂および/またはアルカリ可溶性エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート樹脂を含有する請求項1~6いずれかに記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
- 前記(b)成分が、さらに、一般式(22)で表される構造を有する樹脂を含有する請求項1~7いずれかに記載のネガ型感光性組成物。
一般式(24)中、*は酸素原子との結合部位を表す。X17は水素原子またはメチル基を表す。A22Oは、炭素数1~5のオキシアルキレン基を表す。a68は整数であり、1~5を表す。) - 画素分割層形成用である請求項1~9いずれかに記載の感光性組成物またはネガ型感光性組成物。
- 請求項1~10に記載の感光性組成物またはネガ型感光性組成物の硬化物を含む画素分割層。
- 請求項11に記載の画素分割層に加えて、第一電極、発光画素、第二電極を具備する有機EL表示装置であって、該第一電極が銀合金膜を含む有機EL表示装置。
- 前記有機EL表示装置がトップエミッション型である請求項13に記載の有機EL表示装置。
- 前記画素分割層が、膜厚0.5μm以上2.0μm未満の薄膜部位と、膜厚2.0μm以上5.0μm以下の厚膜部位とを有し、該薄膜部位と該厚膜部位の膜厚の差が1.0μm以上の部位を有する請求項13または14に記載の有機EL表示装置。
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US20230127537A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
KR20220057626A (ko) | 2022-05-09 |
JPWO2021111860A1 (ja) | 2021-06-10 |
US11940729B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
KR102427008B1 (ko) | 2022-08-01 |
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