WO2021104343A1 - 一种龙门磨床 - Google Patents

一种龙门磨床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021104343A1
WO2021104343A1 PCT/CN2020/131656 CN2020131656W WO2021104343A1 WO 2021104343 A1 WO2021104343 A1 WO 2021104343A1 CN 2020131656 W CN2020131656 W CN 2020131656W WO 2021104343 A1 WO2021104343 A1 WO 2021104343A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measuring device
workpiece
base
gantry
axis direction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/131656
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宫兴林
贺行健
尹书强
唐锐
鲍文禄
王峰
刘仁伟
陈玉峰
Original Assignee
科德数控股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 科德数控股份有限公司 filed Critical 科德数控股份有限公司
Priority to EP20893580.9A priority Critical patent/EP4066994A4/en
Priority to JP2022527832A priority patent/JP7331258B2/ja
Priority to US17/778,981 priority patent/US20220410341A1/en
Priority to KR1020227016986A priority patent/KR102720403B1/ko
Publication of WO2021104343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021104343A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
    • B24B41/062—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically between centres; Dogs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B45/00—Means for securing grinding wheels on rotary arbors
    • B24B45/003—Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
    • B24B49/045—Specially adapted gauging instruments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of gantry grinders, in particular to a gantry grinder that can measure the dimensions of a workpiece when it rotates.
  • the current grinding machine for workpiece grinding is mainly divided into vertical grinding and horizontal grinding.
  • Ordinary vertical and horizontal grinding machines can ignore the centrifugal force when processing a single shaft, while large groups of rotor blades. There is a large centrifugal force in the process of use, and its centrifugal force will cause slight deformation of the outer dimension of the part.
  • the ordinary grinder cannot achieve high-speed grinding, and the outer diameter of the workpiece cannot be measured under the state of high-speed rotary grinding. , The consistency of the grinding state of the workpiece and the actual use state cannot be guaranteed, and the workpiece needs to be tested twice, which affects the work efficiency.
  • the invention provides a gantry grinder, which can measure the size of a workpiece when it rotates.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • a gantry grinder including a measuring device
  • the measuring device can move along the X-axis direction, and an optical probe is provided at one end of the measuring device close to the bed base, and the optical probe is used for real-time detection of the outer diameter of the workpiece to be processed.
  • the bed base is provided with a workpiece sliding table that can move along the X axis, one end of the workpiece sliding table is fixed with a first support, and a power spindle is provided on the first support.
  • the other end of the sliding table is provided with a second support, which can move along the X axis on the working sliding table, and the second support is provided with a driven spindle, the power spindle and the slave.
  • the opposite end faces of the moving main shaft are provided with a reference disc and a hydraulic clamping device in sequence.
  • a floating support structure is provided on the workpiece slide, and the floating support structure includes a floating support movable along the X-axis direction on the workpiece slide, and a floating support plate is provided on the floating support.
  • the floating support plate can be adjusted in position by up and down adjustment screws and left and right adjustment screws.
  • a grinding wheel dresser is provided on the first support.
  • the measuring device includes a base and a sliding seat, the base is fixed on a column, the sliding seat can move on the base along the Y-axis direction, and the optical probe is fixed on the sliding seat. Seated.
  • a grating ruler is provided on the base along the Y-axis direction.
  • the base is provided with a guide rail along the Y-axis direction
  • the sliding seat is provided with a sliding block that cooperates with the guide rail
  • the end of the base away from the bed base is provided with a motor, and the motor passes
  • the lead screw arranged on the base and the nut arranged on the sliding seat cooperate to drive the sliding seat.
  • the two optical probes are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis direction, and a proximity switch is arranged between the two optical probes, and the proximity switch is used to measure the relationship between the measuring device and the measuring device. The distance between the workpieces to be processed.
  • a grinding wheel storehouse is fixed on the upright column.
  • a turning tool holder is fixed at the lower end of the main shaft.
  • the invention provides a gantry grinder.
  • the measurement device can measure the size of a workpiece during rotation, and can control the deformation of the workpiece during the rotation process, thereby making the matching accuracy of the workpiece during use controllable, and at the same time, it can also achieve grinding.
  • the rapid replacement of the grinding wheel can realize the replacement of multiple specifications and various types of grinding wheels.
  • it can also realize the convenient clamping of the workpiece.
  • the clamping can clamp the workpiece by hydraulic pressure, which reduces the impact of mechanical clamping on the workpiece. Damage and solve the problem of uncontrollable clamping force.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gantry grinder disclosed in the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring device in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic front view of the working slide in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the working slide in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic front view of a gantry grinder disclosed in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the floating support structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a rear view of the floating support structure of the present invention.
  • Measuring device 11. Optical probe; 12, base; 13, sliding seat; 14, guide rail; 15, motor; 16, proximity switch; 17, grating ruler;
  • a gantry grinder includes a bed base 3 and a gantry frame 2.
  • the gantry frame 2 can move along the X-axis on the bed base 3, and a driving motor is provided on the beam on the top of the gantry frame.
  • the guide rail is arranged in the axial direction, and the driving motor drives the gantry saddle to move along the Y-axis direction on the rail of the crossbeam through the lead screw.
  • the main shaft 22 is connected to the gantry saddle through the gantry ram and moves along the Z-axis direction on the gantry saddle.
  • the gantry grinder also includes a measuring device 1; the measuring device 1 can move along the X axis.
  • the measuring device 1 is equipped with an optical probe 11 at one end close to the bed base 3.
  • the optical probe 11 is used to measure the outer diameter of the workpiece in real time. Detection.
  • the measuring device includes a base 12 and a sliding base 13.
  • the base 12 is fixed on the column 21, the sliding base 13 can move on the base 12 along the Y-axis direction, and the optical probe 11 is fixed on Slide 13 on.
  • the base 12 is provided with a guide rail 14 along the Y-axis direction, and the sliding seat 13 is provided with a sliding block that cooperates with the guide rail 14, and the end of the base 12 away from the bed base 3 is provided with a motor 15 which is installed on the base 12
  • the upper lead screw and the nut on the sliding seat cooperate to drive the sliding seat 13.
  • a grating ruler 17 is arranged on the base 12 along the Y-axis direction. The grating ruler 17 can accurately measure the displacement of the optical probe 11 and accurately grasp the processing accuracy.
  • the two optical probes 11 can be the transmitting end and the receiving end of a laser probe, or other forms of optical probes.
  • the two optical probes 11 are along the Z-axis direction.
  • a proximity switch 16 is arranged between the two optical probes 11, and the proximity switch 16 is used to measure the distance between the measuring device and the workpiece to be processed.
  • Two opposing optical probes one emits laser light, the other receives laser light, and the optical probe approaches the workpiece until the laser is blocked by the workpiece, and the outer diameter of the workpiece can be measured from this data.
  • the proximity switch measures that the distance between the processed workpiece and the measuring device is close to the appropriate range, the optical probe starts to work to detect the outer diameter of the processed workpiece in real time.
  • the bed base is provided with a workpiece slide 4 that can move along the X axis.
  • One end of the workpiece slide 4 is fixed with a first support 41, and the first support 41 is provided with
  • the opposite end surfaces of the power main shaft 42 and the driven main shaft 44 are provided with a reference disk 46 and a hydraulic clamping device 45 in sequence.
  • the workpiece is fixed between the power main shaft and the driven main shaft, the second support is adjusted to make the distance between the power main shaft and the driven main shaft suitable, and then the workpiece is clamped by a hydraulic clamping device.
  • the power spindle provides rotational power to drive the workpiece and the driven spindle to rotate, and then the grinding wheel 23 is used for grinding.
  • the clamping force provided by the hydraulic clamping device is adjustable within a certain range, which can clamp the workpiece without damaging the workpiece.
  • the outer diameter of the reference disk 46 is a standard value. Before measurement, the optical probe moves quickly to the reference disk 46. When the proximity switch 16 senses that the reference disk 46 is close, the optical probe moves at a slower speed and slowly approaches the reference disk. When the laser from the optical measuring head is blocked by the reference disk, the distance of the optical probe moving at this time can be accurately obtained by the grating ruler. This distance corresponds to the standard outer diameter of the reference disk, and uses this as a reference to measure the workpiece Outer diameter.
  • a floating support structure 8 is provided on the workpiece slide 4, and the floating support structure 8 includes a floating bracket 81 that can move on the workpiece slide 4 along the X-axis direction.
  • a floating support plate 82 is provided, and the floating support plate 82 can be adjusted by up and down adjustment screws 83 and left and right adjustment screws 84.
  • the floating support structure can realize the concentric adjustment of the left and right ends of the workpiece, so as to smoothly realize the hydraulic clamping on the left and right sides.
  • the up and down adjustment screws pass through the wedge block 86 between the floating support plate and the floating support, so that the floating support plate can be adjusted up and down. , There are three left and right adjustment screws.
  • the middle adjustment screw and the two side adjustment screws exert opposite forces on the floating support plate.
  • the floating support plate can be adjusted left and right within a certain range, and the floating support plate can be adjusted by adjusting the screws.
  • the position of the support plate is in the prior art, and its specific structure will not be repeated here.
  • a grinding wheel dresser 5 is provided on the first support 41, which can realize online dressing of the grinding wheel.
  • a grinding wheel magazine 6 is fixed on the column 21.
  • grinding wheels with various angles in the grinding wheel library, which facilitates the replacement of the grinding wheels during the processing, avoids the time spent on dressing the grinding wheels, and improves the work efficiency.
  • a turning tool holder 7 is fixed at the lower end of the main shaft 22.
  • the turning tool can be installed on the turning tool holder to perform simple rough turning on the workpiece.
  • the workpiece When in use, the workpiece is placed on the floating support structure 8 through the hoisting fixture.
  • the floating support structure 8 is adjusted up and down and left and right through the up and down adjustment screws 83 and the left and right adjustment screws 84, and the handle 85 installed on the floating bracket 81
  • the workpiece and the floating support structure 8 are moved forward and backward together.
  • the workpiece After the workpiece is adjusted to be concentric with the power spindle and the driven spindle at both ends, the workpiece is locked and clamped by the hydraulic clamping device 45. After the hydraulic clamping device 45 clamps the workpiece, the machine tool starts to run.
  • the measuring device is first started for calibration. The optical probe quickly moves to the reference plate 46.
  • the optical probe moves Reduce the speed and slowly approach the reference disk.
  • the distance of the optical probe moving at this time can be accurately obtained by the grating ruler. This distance corresponds to the standard outer diameter of the reference disk.
  • the proximity switch 16 detects the relative position of the workpiece to ensure that the optical probe 11 can detect the workpiece and will not collide with the workpiece.
  • the optical probe 11 measures the outer diameter of the workpiece to determine the maximum grinding amount. If the allowable error range is reached, the next step of grinding can be carried out, and testing is carried out during the grinding process, and the workpiece is disassembled if it is unqualified.
  • start the grinding wheel library 6 select a suitable grinding wheel 23 to install on the spindle, and grind the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is inspected online at any time through the measuring device 1 to detect whether it reaches the allowable value for processing.
  • the grinding wheel dresser 5 can dress the angle grinding wheel and the flat grinding wheel.
  • the gantry grinder disclosed in the present invention can also realize the rapid replacement of grinding wheels for grinding, realize the replacement of multiple specifications and various types of grinding wheels, and save the time for online dressing of special angle grinding wheels, and the grinding wheel dresser is responsible for repairing the grinding wheels during the processing process. Wear and cause unevenness on the surface of the grinding wheel.
  • the gantry grinder disclosed in the present invention can realize convenient clamping of the workpiece.
  • the clamping uses hydraulic pressure to clamp the workpiece, which reduces the damage to the workpiece caused by mechanical clamping and solves the problem that the clamping force cannot be controlled. problem.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

一种龙门磨床，包括测量装置（1）；所述测量装置（1）可沿X轴方向运动，所述测量装置（1）靠近床身底座的一端设有光学测头（11），所述光学测头（11）用于对被加工工件的外径进行实时检测。所述龙门磨床通过测量装置可以测量工件转动时的尺寸，可以控制工件在转动过程中的形变，进而使工件在使用过程中的配合精度可控。

Description

一种龙门磨床 技术领域
本发明涉及龙门磨床领域，尤其涉及一种可测量工件转动时尺寸的龙门磨床。
背景技术
目前的磨床针对工件的磨削主要分为立式磨削和卧式磨削，普通的立式和卧式磨床加工单一的轴可以忽略其离心力，而大型的成组的转子叶盘类的零件在使用的过程中是有较大的离心力，其离心力会使零件的外形尺寸发生微小的变形，普通的磨床无法实现高速磨削，而高速旋转磨削的状态下又无法去测量工件的外径，无法保证工件磨削状态和实际使用状态的一致性，且需要对工件进行二次检测，影响工作效率。
发明内容
本发明提供一种龙门磨床，可以测量工件转动时的尺寸。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下方案：
一种龙门磨床，包括测量装置；
所述测量装置可沿X轴方向运动，所述测量装置靠近床身底座的一端设有光学测头，所述光学测头用于对被加工工件的外径进行实时检测。
进一步地，所述床身底座上设有可沿X轴运动的工件滑台，所述工件滑台的一端固定有第一支座，所述第一支座上设有动力主轴，所述工作滑台的另一端设有第二支座，所述第二支座可在所述工作滑台上沿X轴运动，所述第二支座上设有从动主轴，所述动力主轴和从动主轴相对的端面上均依次设有基准盘和液压夹紧装置。
进一步地，所述工件滑台上设有浮动支撑结构，所述浮动支撑结构包括可在所述工件滑台上沿X轴方向运动的浮动支架，所述浮动支架上设有浮动支撑板，所述浮动支撑板可通过上下调整螺丝和左右调整螺丝进行位置调整。
进一步地，所述第一支座上设有砂轮修整器。
进一步地，所述测量装置包括基座和滑座，所述基座固定在立柱上，所述滑座可在所述基座上沿Y轴方向运动，所述光学测头固定在所述滑座上。
进一步地，所述基座上沿Y轴方向设有光栅尺。
进一步地，所述基座上沿Y轴方向设有导轨，所述滑座上设有与所述导轨配合的滑块，所述基座远离床身底座的一端设有电机，所述电机通过设于所述基座上的丝杠和设于所述滑座上的丝母配合驱动所述滑座。
进一步地，所述光学测头共有两个，两个所述光学测头沿Z轴方向相对设置，两个光学测头之间设有接近开关，所述接近开关用于测量所述测量装置与被加工工件之间的距离。
进一步地，立柱上固定有砂轮库。
进一步地，主轴下端固定有车刀刀架。
本发明提供一种龙门磨床，通过测量装置可以测量工件转动时的尺寸，可以控制工件在转动过程中的形变，进而使工件在使用过程中的配合精度可控，同时，还能够实现磨削用的砂轮的快速更换，实现多规格多种类的砂轮的更换，除此以外，还能够实现工件的方便夹紧，夹紧通过液压对工件进行夹紧，降低了由于机械式夹紧对工件造成的损伤并解决了夹紧力无法控制的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明公开的一种龙门磨床结构示意图；
图2为本发明中测量装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明中工作滑台主视示意图；
图4为本发明中工作滑台俯视示意图；
图5为本发明公开的一种龙门磨床主视示意图；
图6为本发明中浮动支撑结构主视图；
图7为本发明中浮动支撑结构后视图。
图中：
1、测量装置；11、光学测头；12、基座；13、滑座；14、导轨；15、电机；16、接近开关；17、光栅尺；
2、龙门架；21、立柱；22、主轴；23、砂轮；
3、床身底座；
4、工件滑台；41、第一支座；42、动力主轴；43、第二支座；44、从动主轴；45、液压夹紧装置；46、基准盘；
5、砂轮修整器；
6、砂轮库；
7、车刀刀架；
8、浮动支撑结构；81、浮动支架；82、浮动支撑板；83、上下调整螺丝；84、左右调整螺丝；85、把手；86、楔形块。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，一种龙门磨床，包括床身底座3、龙门架2；龙门架2可在床身底座3上沿X轴方向运动，龙门架顶部的横梁上设有驱动电机和沿Y轴方向设置的导轨，驱动电机通过丝杠驱动龙门滑鞍在横梁的导轨上沿Y轴方向运动，主轴22通过龙门滑枕与龙门滑鞍连接并在龙门滑鞍上沿Z轴方向运动。
龙门磨床还包括测量装置1；测量装置1可沿X轴方向运动，测量装置1靠近床身底座3的一端设有光学测头11，光学测头11用于对被加工工件的外径进行实时检测。
进一步地，如图2所示，测量装置包括基座12和滑座13，基座12固定在立柱21上，滑座13可在基座12上沿Y轴方向运动，光学测头11固定在滑座13上。基座12上沿Y轴方向设有导轨14，滑座13上设有与导轨14配 合的滑块，基座12远离床身底座3的一端设有电机15，电机15通过设于基座12上的丝杠和设于滑座上的丝母配合驱动滑座13。基座12上沿Y轴方向设有光栅尺17，光栅尺17可以准确测得光学测头11的位移量，精确掌握加工精度。
进一步地，光学测头11共有两个，两个光学测头11具体可以为激光测头的发射端和接收端，也可以为其他形式的光学测头，两个光学测头11沿Z轴方向相对设置，两个光学测头11之间设有接近开关16，接近开关16用于测量测量装置与被加工工件之间的距离。两个相对设置的光学测头，一个发出激光，另一个接收激光，光学测头向工件靠近，直至激光被工件挡住，可由此数据测得工件的外径。接近开关测量到加工工件与测量装置之间的距离靠近至合适的范围时，光学测头开始工作，对加工工件的外径进行实时检测。
进一步地，如图3、图4所示，床身底座上设有可沿X轴运动的工件滑台4，工件滑台4的一端固定有第一支座41，第一支座41上设有动力主轴42，工作滑台4的另一端设有第二支座43，第二支座43可在工作滑台4上沿X轴运动，第二支座43上设有从动主轴44，动力主轴42和从动主轴44相对的端面上均依次设有基准盘46和液压夹紧装置45。
工件固定在动力主轴和从动主轴之间，调整第二支座，使动力主轴和从动主轴之间的距离合适，然后通过液压夹紧装置，将工件夹紧。加工时，由动力主轴提供转动动力，带动工件及从动主轴转动，然后通过砂轮23进行磨削加工。液压夹紧装置提供的夹紧力在一定范围内可调，可以将工件夹紧又不会损坏工件。
基准盘46的外径为标准值，测量前，光学测头向基准盘46快速移动，当接近开关16感应到基准盘46距离较近时，光学测头移动速度降低，慢慢靠近基准盘，当光学测头发出的激光恰好被基准盘挡住，通过光栅尺准确获得此时光学测头移动的距离，则此距离与基准盘的标准值外径相对应，并以此为基准，测量工件的外径。
进一步地，如图6、图7所示，工件滑台4上设有浮动支撑结构8，浮动支撑结构8包括可在工件滑台4上沿X轴方向运动的浮动支架81，浮动支架81上设有浮动支撑板82，浮动支撑板82可通过上下调整螺丝83和左右调整螺丝84进行调整。浮动支撑结构可以实现对工件左右两端的同心调整，从而 顺利实现左右侧的液压夹紧，上下调整螺丝通过顶动浮动支撑板与浮动支架之间的楔形块86，进而使浮动支撑板可以上下调整，左右调整螺丝共有三个，中间的调整螺丝和两边的调整螺丝对浮动支撑板施加方向相反的力，通过调整三个螺丝，使浮动支撑板在一定范围内可以左右调整，通过调整螺丝调整浮动支撑板的位置为现有技术，此处不再赘述其具体结构。
进一步地，如图3、图4所示，第一支座41上设有砂轮修整器5，可以实现对砂轮的在线修整。
进一步地，如图5所示，立柱21上固定有砂轮库6。砂轮库中有多种角度的成型砂轮，方便了加工过程中砂轮的更换，避免由于修整砂轮而耗费更多的时间，提高了工作效率。
进一步地，如图5所示，主轴22下端固定有车刀刀架7。对于磨削量大的偏心的位置，可以将车刀安装在车刀刀架上，对工件进行简单的粗车加工。
使用时，通过吊装的夹具将工件放置在中间的浮动支撑结构8上，浮动支撑结构8通过上下调整螺丝83和左右调整螺丝84进行上下以及左右高度的调整，通过安装在浮动支架81的把手85将工件与浮动支撑结构8一起进行前后方向的移动。工件与两端的动力主轴和从动主轴调整同心之后将工件通过液压夹紧装置45对工件进行锁紧装夹。液压夹紧装置45将工件夹紧后启动机床开始运行，先启动测量装置进行校准，光学测头向基准盘46快速移动，当接近开关16感应到基准盘46距离较近时，光学测头移动速度降低，慢慢靠近基准盘，当光学测头发出的激光恰好被基准盘挡住，通过光栅尺准确获得此时光学测头移动的距离，则此距离与基准盘的标准值外径相对应，并以此为基准，为了获得更准确的数据，消除机床自身热稳定性等误差因素，需要反复测量，取测量结果的平均值作为最后的基准值。校准后，将工件旋转，使光学测头11靠近工件，接近开关16检测与工件的相对位置，确保光学测头11可对工件进行检测，并且不会与工件发生碰撞。光学测头11对工件的外径进行测量，测定最大的磨削量，若达到允许的误差范围则可以进行下一步磨削，并在磨削过程中实施检测，若不合格则将工件拆卸。
磨削时，启动砂轮库6，选择合适的砂轮23安装在主轴上，对工件进行磨削，磨削期间随时通过测量装置1对工件进行在线检测，检测其是否达到加工的允许值。
通过工件的加工情况对判断砂轮23是否需要在线修整。若需要修整则启动砂轮修整器5，对砂轮进行在线修整，砂轮修整器5可以修整角度砂轮以及平砂轮。
普通的卧式磨床为了满足加工工件直径的磨削范围，造成了磨削轴的砂轮直径偏大，而超大的砂轮其砂轮的转速很难实现高速旋转，另外砂轮的材质从经济上的考虑大多数的厂家选择碳化硅或白刚玉材质的砂轮，而此种砂轮其自身材质的弊端就会出现大量的粉尘和砂轮消耗快的缺点，本发明公开的龙门磨床，能够实现工件在磨削前期、中期、后期分别对工件的外径进行在线测量，保证了磨削完成后工件组装贴合状态不再发生改变，从而保证了整个构件的运转精度，这样可以使工件组装进机器内部时，在运转过程中，其自身的精度不再发生变化，且本机床可以采用小直径的CBN直径的砂轮，从而实现低损耗高转速的优点。本发明公开的龙门磨床还能够实现磨削用的砂轮的快速更换，实现多规格多种类的砂轮的更换，节省了在线修整特殊角度砂轮的时间，而砂轮修整器负责修复由于砂轮在加工过程中磨损而导致砂轮表面的不平。除此之外，本发明公开的龙门磨床能够实现工件的方便夹紧，夹紧通过液压对工件进行夹紧，降低了由于机械式夹紧对工件造成的损伤并解决了夹紧力无法控制的问题。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种龙门磨床，其特征在于，包括测量装置(1)；
    所述测量装置(1)可沿X轴方向运动，所述测量装置(1)靠近床身底座(3)的一端设有光学测头(11)，所述光学测头(11)用于对被加工工件的外径进行实时检测。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，所述床身底座上设有可沿X轴运动的工件滑台(4)，所述工件滑台(4)的一端固定有第一支座(41)，所述第一支座(41)上设有动力主轴(42)，所述工作滑台(4)的另一端设有第二支座(43)，所述第二支座(43)可在所述工作滑台(4)上沿X轴运动，所述第二支座(43)上设有从动主轴(44)，所述动力主轴(42)和从动主轴(44)相对的端面上均依次设有基准盘(46)和液压夹紧装置(45)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，所述工件滑台(4)上设有浮动支撑结构(8)，所述浮动支撑结构(8)包括可在所述工件滑台(4)上沿X轴方向运动的浮动支架(81)，所述浮动支架(81)上设有浮动支撑板(82)，所述浮动支撑板(82)可通过上下调整螺丝(83)和左右调整螺丝(84)进行位置调整。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，所述第一支座(41)上设有砂轮修整器(5)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，所述测量装置包括基座(12)和滑座(13)，所述基座(12)固定在立柱(21)上，所述滑座(13)可在所述基座(12)上沿Y轴方向运动，所述光学测头(11)固定在所述滑座(13)上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，所述基座(12)上沿Y轴方向设有光栅尺(17)。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，所述基座(12)上沿Y轴方向设有导轨(14)，所述滑座(13)上设有与所述导轨(14)配合的滑块，所述基座(12)远离床身底座(3)的一端设有电机(15)，所述电机(15)通过设于所述基座(12)上的丝杠和设于所述滑座上的丝母配合驱动所述滑座(13)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于， 所述光学测头(11)共有两个，两个所述光学测头(11)沿Z轴方向相对设置，两个光学测头(11)之间设有接近开关(16)，所述接近开关(16)用于测量所述测量装置与被加工工件之间的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，立柱(21)上固定有砂轮库(6)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有测量装置的龙门磨床，其特征在于，主轴(22)下端固定有车刀刀架(7)。
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