WO2021092979A1 - 低分子海参糖胺聚糖及其应用 - Google Patents

低分子海参糖胺聚糖及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2021092979A1
WO2021092979A1 PCT/CN2019/119414 CN2019119414W WO2021092979A1 WO 2021092979 A1 WO2021092979 A1 WO 2021092979A1 CN 2019119414 W CN2019119414 W CN 2019119414W WO 2021092979 A1 WO2021092979 A1 WO 2021092979A1
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lhg
group
molecular
low
sea cucumber
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PCT/CN2019/119414
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French (fr)
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金永生
丁秀娟
陈武
李小明
孙军亭
朱益浩
陆晓华
靳彩娟
周华
王宁霞
李永宝
周巧云
钱建根
种玺
姚亦明
蒋毅
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苏州颐华生物医药技术股份有限公司
苏州融析生物科技有限公司
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Priority to US17/775,588 priority Critical patent/US11643478B2/en
Priority to EP19952580.9A priority patent/EP4059966B1/en
Priority to JP2022525636A priority patent/JP7270145B2/ja
Publication of WO2021092979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021092979A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0063—Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides, e.g. keratan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. fucoidan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/14—Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of biomedicine and health care products, and specifically relates to a low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan and its application in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition or a health care product composition.
  • HG Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan
  • GalN GalN
  • GlcA glucuronic acid
  • Fuc Fucose
  • -OSO 3 -, S their sulfate
  • HG from natural sources has commonalities, and its basic components are GlcA and GalN (mainly N-acetyl-galactosamine, GalNAc) through ⁇ (1-3) and ⁇ (1-4) Glycosidic bonds are interconnected to form a backbone of [-GlcA ⁇ (1-3)-GalNAc ⁇ (1-4)-] disaccharide repeating structure similar to chondroitin sulfate E in mammals, while Fuc and its sulfate esters are side-by-side The chain form is connected to the main chain (Vieira RP et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1991, 266: 13530-13536).
  • the natural HG obtained from different sea cucumber sources has differences in the composition ratio and structure of monosaccharides. Studies have shown that in addition to the different proportions of sugar units, the difference in the main chain of HG is mainly reflected in the degree of sulfation at the 4-position and 6-position of GalNAc.
  • the 4-position and 6-position of GalNAc in the HG main chain derived from S. japonicus are sulfated (Ken-ichiro Y et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1992, 33(34): 4959-4962);
  • GalNAc4S 4-sulfation
  • GalNAc6S 6-sulfate
  • a small amount is 4,6-disulfate (GalNAc4S6S) (about 12%)
  • 4-sulfuric acid Ester (GalNAc4S) about 4%
  • GalNAc4S 4-sulfuric acid Ester
  • HG in the side chain Fuc is mainly reflected in the sulfation modification site and composition ratio.
  • Side chain Fuc namely 2,4-disulfate (Fuc2S4S), 3,4-disulfate (Fuc3S4S) and 4-sulfate (Fuc4S) Fuc (Ken-ichiro Yes et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1992, 33(34): 4959-4962; Paulo AS. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271: 23973), but there are differences in the composition ratio of the side chain Fuc in the two sources of HG.
  • HG has many biological activities and functions.
  • natural HG has significant anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity (Fan Huizeng et al., Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 1980, 18(3): 203; etc.), and its anticoagulant effect is different from heparin. It does not depend on antithrombin III (Antithrombin III, AT-III), and can act on multiple coagulation factor targets (Paulo AS. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271: 23973). HG also has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor (Lubor Borsig et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282: 14984) and blood lipid regulation (Tovar et al., Atherosclerosis, 1996, 126: 185-195) functions.
  • HG has many biological activities, it is still difficult to be used in clinical practice. The main reason is that HG has a strong anticoagulant activity and an activity similar to heparin in inducing platelet aggregation.
  • the data shows that the intravascular administration of stichopus japonicus HG at a medicinal dose can cause a decrease in platelet count (Li JZ et al., Thromb. Haemostas., 1998, 59(3): 435), which is easy to cause thrombocytopenia
  • immune thrombocytopenia Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia, HIT
  • HIT immune thrombocytopenia
  • the literature shows that reducing the molecular weight of HG can effectively reduce or avoid the induction of platelets. Aggregate activity, thereby improving application safety.
  • the present invention starts from the extracted natural HG and prepares a low molecular weight HG derivative-low molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan ( Low Molecular Weight Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan, LHG) composition
  • the LHG has two unique molecular structure characteristics, one is that the 2-position of the main chain GlcA has a ratio of 10% to 30% modified by sulfate (GlcA2S), and the other is branched 10%-30% of Fuc's 2-position is modified by acetyl ester (Fuc2Ac).
  • the LHG of the present invention has low anticoagulant activity and weak platelet aggregation activity in terms of biological activity, but it has anti-inflammatory, anti-vascular disease, anti-tumor or anti-tumor metastasis and memory improvement effects, and can potentially be applied The prevention and treatment of related diseases or the application of health care products.
  • the present invention provides a low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan, characterized in that the structure of the low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan is shown in the following formula:
  • the constituent units of the low molecular weight GAG-yl glucuronic acid (GlcA), N- acetyl galactosamine group (GIcA) and fucosyl (Fuc) and their sodium sulphate (-OSO 3 - Na + ) or acetyl ester (-Ac) or sodium (Na + ), glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine are alternately connected through ⁇ (1-3) and ⁇ (1-4) glycosidic bonds to form a disaccharide repeating structure
  • the fucosyl group is connected to the main chain in the form of a side chain.
  • the above-mentioned low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan is in the form of its sodium salt, and the sodium is bound to the carboxyl group or the sulfate group by an ionic bond.
  • the low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan may also be in the form of other metal salts, including but not limited to potassium salt, calcium salt, lithium salt and zinc salt.
  • the conversion of the metal salt form can be carried out using common operating methods in the field, such as using cationic resin to adsorb and remove sodium ions, and then adding specific metal salts to prepare other salt derivatives of low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycans. Purified and refined by alcohol precipitation and other methods.
  • the metal salt forms of these low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycans can meet the requirements of different ionic forms in specific application environments.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned low-molecular sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan in the preparation of medicines or health products for preventing or treating some related diseases, including inflammation, vascular disease-related diseases, tumor-related diseases and Alzheimer's disease.
  • the LHG provided according to the present invention has the effects of regulating platelet activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-vascular disease, anti-tumor or anti-tumor metastasis, and improving learning and memory capabilities. Therefore, LHG can be used as an active substance, which is acceptable in the pharmaceutical or health care industry
  • the carrier is used to prepare a medicine or health care product composition for the prevention and treatment of inflammation, vascular disease, tumor, senile dementia and other related diseases.
  • Fig. 1 is the HPLC result chart of the structural feature analysis of the main chain disaccharide unit in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1(A) is the result of the disaccharide standard product
  • Fig. 1(B) is Sample 1-M, Sample 2- The result graphs of M, Sample 3-M, Sample 4-M, Sample 5-M, and Sample 6-M;
  • Fig. 2 is a histogram of the peak area and peak area percentage of the disaccharide contained in each sample in Example 3 of the present invention, in which Fig. 2(A) is a histogram of the peak area of the disaccharide component degraded, Fig. 2( B) is a histogram of the percentage content of each disaccharide component in the sample;
  • Figure 3 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum of LHG of Example 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a superimposed map of the anomeric COSY and TCOSY of the LHG sample of Example 5 of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a superimposed spectrum of HSQC-COSY and HSQC-TOCSY of the LHG sample of Example 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the HSQC map of the sugar ring residue region of the LHG sample of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of comparison of 1 H-NMR spectra of different LHG samples in Example 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of 1 H-NMR spectra of different molecular weight components in the LHG sample of Example 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is the experimental result of LHG in Example 11 of the present invention on the inhibition of SUIT2-LUC (human pancreatic cancer cell) lung metastasis in mice, wherein Figure 9(A) is a broken line graph of weight change, and Figure 9(B) is tumor volume Line graph of changes, Fig. 9(C) is the histogram of tumor weight at the end point, Fig. 9(D) is the histogram of fluorescence signal intensity, Fig. 9(E) is the IVIS image of each group of mice, Fig. 9(F) is IVIS images of lungs and tumors of mice in each group.
  • Figure 9(A) is a broken line graph of weight change
  • Figure 9(B) is tumor volume Line graph of changes
  • Fig. 9(C) is the histogram of tumor weight at the end point
  • Fig. 9(D) is the histogram of fluorescence signal intensity
  • Fig. 9(E) is the IVIS image of each group of mice
  • Fig. 9(F) is I
  • This embodiment is the preparation of LHG of the present invention, and the preparation process includes the following steps:
  • the resin was collected by filtration, rinsed with clean water 3 times, rinsed with 15L of 4% sodium chloride solution, discarded the rinse, and rinsed twice.
  • the resin was eluted with 15% sodium chloride solution, respectively, eluted 3 times with 15L, each time stirred at room temperature for 15-30 minutes, and the eluates were combined.
  • the obtained HG was dissolved in 2L of 3% sodium chloride solution, then 3L of 95% ethanol was added for precipitation, 95% ethanol was dehydrated, and then dried to obtain 125.2g of HG in total.
  • the precipitate was reconstituted with 1L of 3% sodium chloride solution, and then precipitated with 1.5L of 95% ethanol; the reconstitution and precipitation were repeated once, and the final precipitate was dehydrated with 95% ethanol and dried in vacuum to obtain a total of 73.5g of LHG.
  • the batch number is LHG-L180501.
  • This example also lists the preparation of multiple batches of LHG from other sources or batches of sea cucumbers.
  • step 1 and step 2 using the two steps of step 1 and step 2 above, only the quantity (or concentration) of the material, the general operating parameters (such as temperature, time and pH), and the use or frequency of general purification steps such as salt water reconstitution and alcohol precipitation are used or not.
  • the difference is that sea cucumbers are used to prepare multiple batches of LHG, and these preparations are all controlled according to HPLC molecular weight detection, so that the molecular weight of the prepared LHG is below 10,000 Da.
  • the batch numbers, feeding quantities and yields of some typical batches are shown in Table 1 below:
  • This example is an analysis experiment of physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of different batches of LHG prepared in Example 1.
  • Test compound each batch of LHG, from Example 1 above;
  • Weight-average molecular weight detection GPC-HPLC method is used, and the specific conditions are: the chromatographic column is a TSKgel G2000SW (7.8mm ⁇ 30cm, 5 ⁇ m) and a TSKgel G3000SW (7.8mm ⁇ 30cm, 5 ⁇ m) in series, and the detector It is a refractive index detector (RID).
  • the weight average molecular weight calculation standard is the weight average molecular weight calibrator RS of USP commercial low molecular weight heparin.
  • the analysis software includes HPLC workstation and Agilent’s GPC software; SEC-HPLC analysis and detection combined with GPC Software for calculation;
  • Anti-Xa factor activity detection refer to USP40 heparin sodium factor titer determination method
  • Anticoagulant activity detection refer to USP32 heparin sodium titer detection method (sheep plasma method);
  • GlcA:GalNAc:Fuc molar ratio analysis the carbazole method is used to detect the content of glucuronic acid GlcA, the Elson-Morgon method is used to detect the content of acetylgalactosamine GalNAc, and the GalNAc/Fuc is calculated based on the integrated area of the 1 H NMR methyl peak The molar ratio of;
  • Table 2 below shows the physical and chemical properties and biological activity test results of different samples of LHG of this embodiment.
  • Weight average molecular weight The weight average molecular weight of each LHG sample is below 10,000 Da, while the molecular weight of natural HG is usually above 60,000-80,000 Da, indicating that LHG is a depolymerized low-molecular product.
  • the absolute weight average molecular weight measured by the SEC-MALLS method shows that the largest molecular component of LHG is between 28000Da and 30000Da, and the sugar unit (GlcA(Fuc)-GalNAc) and the corresponding sulfate degree (4.0, The result of the ratio of sulfonate/carboxylate) is modified and calculated, which can reflect that n in the aforementioned general structure of LHG in the present invention is at most 32.
  • each LHG sample has almost no anti-Xa factor activity, so its anticoagulant effect does not depend on anti-Xa factor, and is carried out through other means; while the total anticoagulant activity measured by the sheep plasma method They are also below 10U/mg, indicating that the anticoagulant activity of LHG is low.
  • This example is an analysis experiment of the structural characteristics of the main chain disaccharide unit of the LHG prepared in Example 1.
  • natural HG is composed of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) as the backbone of chondroitin sulfate (CS) with repeating disaccharide units, and sulfated polyfucose (Fuc ) Is a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of branched chains.
  • LHG is derived from natural HG, and its basic characteristics are similar, but the disaccharide repeating unit (dp2) of the main chain will take on various forms due to factors such as the degree of substitution and position of the sulfate group or acetyl group.
  • chondroitin sulfate cannot degrade the chondroitin sulfate backbone of LHG, and thus cannot complete the main chain disaccharide analysis.
  • the branched fucose chain was gradually removed by weak acid hydrolysis, and then the remaining main chain was completely enzymatically hydrolyzed with chondroitin sulfate lyase ABC to release disaccharide units, and then disaccharide analysis was carried out.
  • Test compound LHG sample (lot number: LHG-L180501), from Example 1.
  • CS disaccharide (dp2) standard products (article number: C3202) were purchased from Beijing Ad Hoc Technology Co., Ltd.; chondroitin sulfate lyase ABC (batch number: 120M4095V) was purchased from Sigma; other reagents were of analytical grade.
  • Sample 2 Sample 3, Sample 4, Sample 5, Sample 6, put six groups of samples in a 100°C oil bath at the same time for degradation; Sample1-6 are taken out of the oil bath at 0min, 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, respectively , 240min; After taking out each sample, place it at room temperature, then adjust the pH to 7.0 with saturated Ba(OH) 2 solution; centrifuge the above-mentioned neutral sample to remove precipitation; pipette 1/3 of the supernatant, Transfer to a 500Da dialysis bag and dialyze for 24h; after dialysis, the samples are transferred to weighed centrifuge tubes, freeze-dried, and set aside.
  • Mobile phase A 2.33mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate ⁇ dihydrate, pH3.0 (0.364g sodium dihydrogen phosphate ⁇ dihydrate dissolved in 950mL purified water, dilute to 1L, the solution is adjusted to pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid, and filtered through 0.22 ⁇ m Membrane, degas and spare);
  • Mobile phase B 1.143M sodium perchlorate ⁇ monohydrate, pH3.0 (160.6044g sodium perchlorate ⁇ monohydrate dissolved in 950mL mobile phase A, after the dissolution is complete, use A to make the volume to 1L, the solution is adjusted to pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid After passing through the 0.22 ⁇ m filter membrane, degas for use);
  • Fig. 1 is the HPLC result diagram of the structural feature analysis of the main chain disaccharide unit in Example 3 of the present invention, in which Fig. 1(A) is the result of the disaccharide standard product, and Fig. 1(B) is Sample 1-M, Sample 2- The result graph of M, Sample 3-M, Sample 4-M, Sample 5-M, and Sample 6-M.
  • Peak AH in turn means ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, 6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, 4S, ⁇ UA, 2S ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA, 2S ⁇ GalNAc,6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S, ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,4S , ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S disaccharide.
  • the enzyme can degrade the part of the Fuc branched LHG to produce 8 kinds of CS disaccharides, but their content is relatively small, indicating that the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency is poor.
  • the acid hydrolysis time is 60min, the enzyme can degrade the LHG backbone to produce 8 kinds of CS disaccharides, and the content of each disaccharide increases (Sample 3-M).
  • the acid hydrolysis time is 90min (Sample 4-M)
  • the overall degradation efficiency reaches the highest among the six samples.
  • the acid hydrolysis time is 120min (Sample 5-M) and 240min (Sample 6-M)
  • the overall degradation effect begins to gradually decrease.
  • Fig. 2 is a histogram of the peak area and peak area percentage of the disaccharide contained in each sample in Example 3 of the present invention, in which Fig. 2(A) is a histogram of the peak area of the disaccharide component degraded, Fig. 2( B) is a histogram of the percentage content of each disaccharide component in the sample.
  • the histogram of each sample contains 8 bars, which from left to right indicate ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, 6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc , 4S, ⁇ UA, 2S ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA, 2S ⁇ GalNAc, 6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, 4S, 6S, ⁇ UA, 2S ⁇ GalNAc, 4S and ⁇ UA, 2S ⁇ GalNAc, 4S, 6S.
  • 2-Sulfated disaccharide ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc the percentage content gradually decreased, and it could not be detected by the acid hydrolysis time of 120min.
  • Disulfated disaccharide components ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S, ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,4S and trisulfated disaccharide ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S percentage Gradually decreases.
  • the results of this part show that proper acid hydrolysis can shed the fucose branch chain, exposing the enzyme site of the main chain disaccharide unit, which is conducive to the function of the enzyme and the analysis of the main chain, so that the sample components after enzymatic hydrolysis can be improved.
  • the content increases.
  • the acid hydrolysis time is too long, which causes the branched chain to fall off.
  • the exposed main chain is also acid hydrolyzed, and sulfate radicals fall off.
  • the main chain disaccharide unit types are: ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,4S, ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA ,2S ⁇ GalNAc,6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S, ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,4S, ⁇ UA,2S ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S, that is, all eight common disaccharide types contain; in terms of the composition ratio of disaccharide units , Mainly ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,6S, ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,4S and ⁇ UA ⁇ GalNAc,4S,6S, presenting a similar configuration of chondroitin sulfate E.
  • the ⁇ UA,2S that is, GlcA2S in the parent chain
  • the percentage of GlcA2S in the total GlcA in this batch of LHG samples is between 10%-25%.
  • LHG samples including LHG-L180501, LHG-181101, LHG-181103, LHG-190301, and LHG-190501 obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Solution and SAX-UV analysis the experimental results show that the main chain disaccharide of each LHG sample is similar to that of batch LHG-L180501, and they all contain similar ⁇ UA, 2S or GlcA2S components, with content ranging from 10% to 30%.
  • LHG is not only an analog of chondroitin sulfate E, but the GlcA2S contained in it is also a configuration feature of an analog of chondroitin sulfate D. This feature has not been reported in the literature so far.
  • This example is a 1 H-NMR analysis experiment of the LHG sample prepared in Example 1 to determine its structural characteristics.
  • Test compound LHG sample (lot number: LHG-L180501), from Example 1.
  • Sample preparation Dissolve 35 mg of the sample in 0.6 mL of deuterium water (add 0.002% TSP as an internal standard to calibrate the zero point), transfer the solution to a 5 mm NMR tube, and sonicate for 2 minutes.
  • Fig. 3 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum chart of LHG of Example 4 of the present invention, in which Fig. 3(A) is a full spectrum chart, and Fig. 3(B) is an enlarged view of the sulfated modified part of Fuc.
  • the LHG sample has the -CH3 hydrogen peak (methyl hydrogen) at 1.40ppm, 2.08ppm, 3.60ppm and 5.30-5.70ppm, respectively. ), the methyl hydrogen peak on the acetyl group of the N-acetylgalactosamine residue GalNAc, the H2 hydrogen peak of the glucuronic acid residue GlcA, and the H1 hydrogen peak of each sulfated modification component of the fucose residue Fuc.
  • the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the LHG sample obtained in the present invention is similar to the fucosylated glycosaminoglycan reported in the literature, and is characterized by the glucuronic acid-N-acetylgalactosamine ( GlcA-GalNAc) has fucose residue Fuc modification (Paulo AS. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271:23973).
  • Modern nuclear magnetic resonance technology especially two-dimensional nuclear magnetism (HSQC-NMR) has been widely used to analyze the structural information of polysaccharide components. It can not only analyze the anomeric peak signal, but also analyze the signal of the ring structure of the sugar chain. . This example is used for the analysis of the sugar chain structure characteristics of the LHG.
  • Test compound LHG sample (lot number: LHG-L190301), from Example 1.
  • Sample preparation Take 35mg (take another 100mg prepared in the same way for 13 C-NMR) sample and dissolve it in 0.6mL deuterium water (add 0.002% TSP as an internal standard to calibrate the zero point), and transfer the solution to a 5mm NMR tube , And ultrasonic treatment for 2 minutes.
  • Fig. 4 is a superimposed spectrum of the anomeric COSY and TCOSY of the LHG sample of Example 5 of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is the superimposed spectrum of HSQC-COSY and HSQC-TOCSY of the LHG sample of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • H2/C2 which is consistent with the acetylation modification, the modification component is Fuc2Ac4S; in addition, the 2-O position of GlcA residue also has sulfation modification (GlaA2S), 4.85/104.3ppm monomer signal and 4.4/80.1ppm
  • the correlation between H2/C2 can be proved.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the HSQC map of the sugar ring residue region of the LHG sample of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • LHG other features of LHG also include: the 6-O position of the GalNAc residue is partially sulfated, as shown in Figure 6 at 70.3 ppm of C6S (GalNAc6S) and 64.3 ppm of C6OH (GalNAc).
  • the ratio of the monosaccharide composition of the LHG sample can be calculated, GlcA: GalNAc: Fuc mole, the calculation results of the two spectra are consistent, both are 1:1:0.9.
  • the GlcA2S modification of the LHG sample accounts for 20% of the total GlcA residues, which is consistent with the acid hydrolysis-enzymatic hydrolysis analysis result of the aforementioned Example 3 of 10%-30%; and the Fuc residues There are many ways to modify, among which Fuc2Ac4S accounts for 27% of the sample.
  • the LHG obtained in the present invention contains the features of GlcA2S and Fuc2Ac, and these two structural features have not been reported in the literature so far in HG or HG derivatives.
  • HG or HG derivatives fucosylated chondroitin sulfate analogues
  • HG is obtained by extraction or partial chemical treatment, so different sources or batches HG, there may be differences in structure.
  • modification characteristics of molecular structure are related to its biological function, but the research of this kind of correlation is very challenging.
  • NMR was used to compare the characteristics and differences of LHG from different sources or batches, and the results are shown below.
  • the last three batches are pilot-scale products with continuous 600Kg batches.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of 1 H-NMR spectra of these batches of LHG samples.
  • GlcA2S (ranging from 20% to 25%) and Fuc2Ac (Fuc2Ac, 4S, ranging from 13% to 19%) are present in the LHG samples of the above batches, which contain HG or HG derivatives with this characteristic. There is no literature report so far.
  • Example 7 NMR analysis of the similarities and differences of different molecular weight components in LHG samples
  • the applicant first separates the LHG sample by gel permeation chromatography, collects and divides it into components with different molecular weights, and then uses NMR to investigate the similarities and differences of each component. The results are shown below.
  • Component F5 the weight average molecular weight is 4300 Da, and the analysis number is G13692_F5.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the 1 H-NMR spectrum comparison of the LHG sample and its different molecular weight components.
  • the results showed that, although the weight average molecular weight of the separated components of different molecular weights differed greatly after separation, their 1 H-NMR spectra were almost identical.
  • the F3 and F5 components show better resolution, while the resolution of F1 and the starting material is slightly worse. This is due to the difference in molecular weight and the degree of dispersion of the components.
  • the applicant also examined the HSQC-NMR spectra of these components, and the results were consistent.
  • Example 8 Analysis of LHG's platelet aggregation inducing activity
  • This example is an analysis experiment of the platelet aggregation-inducing activity of LHG of the present invention.
  • platelet hyperfunction is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, thrombotic diseases and tumor diseases.
  • cardiovascular diseases cardiovascular diseases, thrombotic diseases and tumor diseases.
  • the role of platelets is receiving more and more attention.
  • anti-cardiovascular disease drugs and anti-thrombotic disease drugs in the clinic.
  • anti-tumor disease drugs in vitro experiments have shown that they inhibit platelet function such as aggregation.
  • This example investigated the effect of LHG on arachidonic acid (AA)-induced rabbit platelet aggregation.
  • Test compound LHG (lot number: LHG-L180501), from the above example 1; HG (pure product HG, lot number: HG-L180501, which is a reserve sample of the HG obtained in step 1 of the preparation process of LHG-L180501 in example 1 ).
  • the rabbit carotid artery was bled, collected in a siliconized centrifuge tube, and anticoagulated with 3.8% sodium citrate 9:1 (v/v). Centrifuge at room temperature for 10 minutes (800 rpm), take the upper layer of extremely platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and centrifuge the remaining blood for 10 minutes (3000 rpm) to separate platelet-poor plasma (PPP) as a control for measurement or for adjustment The number of platelets in PRP. In the experiment, the platelet count of PRP was adjusted to 500,000-700,000.
  • the final concentrations of LHG and HG were 2.4 ⁇ g/mL, 12 ⁇ g/mL, 60 ⁇ g/mL, and 300 ⁇ g/mL, respectively.
  • the platelet aggregation experiment was performed with AA (final concentration of 60 ⁇ mol/L) as the inducer, and each was repeated 5 times.
  • the degree of platelet aggregation was determined by the turbidimetric method, and the average value of the three measurements was taken.
  • Table 8 shows the effect of LHG in Example 6 of the present invention on AA-induced rabbit platelet aggregation.
  • LHG has a low anticoagulant effect. Even if it has this weak platelet aggregation activity, it will not activate and deform the aggregated platelets, which is different from general platelet functional activity inhibitors. Therefore, LHG's regulation of platelet activity can be applied to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and even anti-tumor diseases.
  • Inflammation is the defense response of living tissues with vascular system to various inflammatory factors, and the body's immune response to foreign components.
  • the basic pathological changes of inflammation include deterioration, exudation and hyperplasia.
  • the clinical manifestations are local redness, swelling, heat, pain and dysfunction, and systemic reactions such as fever, leukocytosis, and mononuclear-macrophage system hyperplasia.
  • Excessive inflammation will back-phago the body and cause secondary pathological damage.
  • inflammation is also involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, neuritis, etc. In recent years, it has also been found to be closely related to diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
  • mucopolysaccharides often have certain anti-inflammatory effects.
  • heparin can have effects on acute and chronic inflammation in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting selectin and other ways.
  • Pentosan polysulfate sodium is currently clinically interstitial. The only approved medication for cystitis.
  • Test compound LHG (lot number: LHG-L180501), from Example 1 above.
  • mice mice, 18-23g, half male and half male.
  • Drug preparation LHG was formulated with deionized water to make 100mg/mL; positive control: dexamethasone, and deionized water to make 50mg/mL; blank control: water.
  • Mode of administration subcutaneous injection.
  • mice Take 18 healthy mice and randomly divide them into 3 groups with 6 males and half males, and set them as LHG drug group, positive control group and blank control group.
  • the above-prepared drug solution was injected and administered in an amount of 0.01mL/1g mouse body weight for 5 consecutive days. 30 minutes after the last administration, 30 ⁇ L of xylene was evenly applied to both sides of the mouse's right ear to cause inflammation.
  • the mice were sacrificed by cervical spine removal at 1 hour after inflammation, the ear pieces of the same parts of the left and right ears were removed by a punch, weighed with an analytical balance, and the auricle swelling rate and the auricular swelling inhibition rate were calculated.
  • Table 9 shows the results of the inhibition of mouse ear swelling caused by LHG paraxylene in Example 9 of the present invention.
  • mice As shown in Table 9, after 1h of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, the ear swelling of mice in the LHG drug group decreased, which was similar to the positive control group (dexamethasone), and was significantly different from the blank control group (P ⁇ 0.05) ), indicating that LHG can effectively inhibit the swelling and inflammation of the ears of mice caused by xylene. Potentially, LHG can be applied to treat inflammation-related diseases.
  • Example 10 Improving effect of LHG on vasculopathy in rat diabetic model induced by streptozotocin
  • This example mainly investigates the improvement effect of LHG on vascular disease in diabetic model rats.
  • Vascular diseases especially vascular diseases in diabetic patients, have a high incidence and seriously endanger the health and quality of life of the patients. They are the primary cause of disability and death in diabetic patients. It is known that mucopolysaccharides have a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of vascular disease.
  • Test compound LHG (Lot number: LHG-L180501), from Example 1 above;
  • Comparative compound dHG10092, depolymerized sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan, described in Example 2 in the applicant's invention patent CN201510438139.9.
  • Animal SD rat, 250g ⁇ 50g, male.
  • Drug preparation LHG or dHG10092 is formulated into a 100mg/mL solution with deionized water, and the solid is administered at 30mg/Kg.
  • Administration method gavage.
  • Feed ingredients 1) Ordinary feed: fat 5%, carbohydrates 55%, protein 23%, and other ingredients including cellulose and ash account for 17%; 2) High-fat feed ingredients: fat 50%, carbohydrates 17% , Protein 25%, other ingredients including cellulose and ash account for 8%.
  • Modeling and grouping 6 blank control rats were given normal diet, the remaining 24 rats were given high-fat diet, 4 weeks later, a one-time injection of streptozotocin (STZ 35mg/Kg), and one week later After fasting for 12 hours, the rat’s tail vein blood was measured by a blood glucose meter. The fasting blood glucose ⁇ 16.7 mmol/L was used as an indicator of the success of the model in the diabetic group.
  • the successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model control group, LHG drug group and dHG10092 drug group, each with 6 rats. Thereafter, LHG drug group and dHG10092 drug group were given intragastric administration once a day for 12 consecutive weeks.
  • VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
  • IAM intercellular adhesion molecule-1
  • NO detection of nitric oxide
  • AGEs advanced glycation end products
  • RAGE receptors for advanced glycation end products
  • AGEs In diabetes and models, the production of AGEs promotes the formation of cross-linked macromolecules, damages vascular endothelial cells, causes endothelial cell apoptosis, and reduces aortic compliance.
  • AGEs bind to receptors, can increase the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, etc., and activate a variety of cytokines to participate in the occurrence of vascular disease.
  • the increase of NO content in the blood is closely related to the increase of blood vessel permeability. Decreasing NO content can effectively protect vascular endothelial cells and reduce vascular disease.
  • the number of nuclei is increased, the cell membrane and nuclear membrane are not clear, the cytoplasm is stained unevenly, and a large number of foam cells and macrophages can be seen; while the aortic lesions of rats in the LHG drug group are significantly reduced compared with the model group, and the smooth muscle cells
  • the arrangement and nucleus characteristics have improved significantly, a few foam cells can be seen under the endothelium, the endothelial cells are slightly swollen, and the proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells is not obvious.
  • LHG inhibits the activation of the AGEs-RAGE system in the abdominal aorta of model rats, reduces the levels of serum VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and NO in model rats, reduces the pathological changes of the aorta in rats, and has a stronger effect than dHG10092.
  • LHG can be used to prevent and treat vascular disease-related diseases and its efficacy is stronger than dHG10092.
  • Example 11 LHG inhibits SUIT2-LUC (human pancreatic cancer cell) lung metastasis in mice
  • sulfated polysaccharides such as natural HG and low molecular weight heparin can inhibit the production and metastasis of tumors, and have an inhibitory effect on the production of various tumors.
  • a mouse model of pancreatic cancer lung metastasis was used to investigate LHG and compare the effects of dHG described in the applicant's invention patent CN201510438139.9 and a low-molecular-weight heparin product on anti-tumor or inhibition of tumor metastasis.
  • Test compound LHG (sample lot number: LHG-L180501, molecular weight 7200Da), prepared by the method described in Example 1;
  • Comparative compound 1 dHG10092, depolymerized sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan, described in Example 2 in the applicant's invention patent CN201510438139.9.
  • Comparative compound 2 Dalteparin sodium, a commercially available low-molecular-weight heparin sodium preparation, with the trade name of Faanmin.
  • SUIT2 cells fluorescently labeled SUIT2 cells (SUIT2-LUC) (human pancreatic cancer cells).
  • LHG administration group LHG-L180501, 30mg/Kg
  • control dHG group dHG10092, 30mg/Kg
  • control dalteparin sodium group commercially available injection, 10mg/Kg
  • negative control PBS buffer liquid.
  • IVIS imaging imaging and observation after cell injection and 2 weeks after feeding.
  • Figure 9 is the experimental result of LHG in Example 11 of the present invention on the inhibition of SUIT2-LUC (human pancreatic cancer cell) lung metastasis in mice, wherein Figure 9(A) is a broken line graph of weight change, and Figure 9(B) is tumor volume Change line graph, Figure 9(C) is the histogram of tumor weight, Figure 9(D) is the histogram of fluorescence signal intensity, Figure 9(E) is the IVIS image of each group of mice and tumors, and Figure 9(F) is each Group IVIS images of lungs and tumors.
  • Figure 9(A) is a broken line graph of weight change
  • Figure 9(B) is tumor volume Change line graph
  • Figure 9(C) is the histogram of tumor weight
  • Figure 9(D) is the histogram of fluorescence signal intensity
  • Figure 9(E) is the IVIS image of each group of mice and tumors
  • Figure 9(F) is each Group IVIS images of lungs and tumors.
  • control PBS buffer
  • dHG10092 control dHG group 30mg/Kg
  • LHG-L180501 LHG administration group 30mg/Kg
  • dalteparin sodium control dalteparin sodium group 10mg/Kg.
  • the control group mice due to tumor cell metastasis and expansion, although the body weight (A) did not change much, the tumor volume (B) increased significantly, while the LHG administration group (LHG-L180501), the control In the dHG group (dHG10092) and the control dalteparin group, the body weight (A) of the mice increased slightly, the lung tumor volume after modeling (B), the tumor weight at the end point (C) and the fluorescence signal intensity (D) were all Shows a significant decrease.
  • the statistical P value of all the administration groups is less than 0.001; in addition, the IVIS images of the living mice, lungs and tumors are shown in E and F in Fig.
  • the LHG-administered group (LHG-L180501) had lung tumor volume (B), tumor weight at endpoint (C), and fluorescence signal intensity (D). Both showed a significant decrease, P ⁇ 0.001 or P ⁇ 0.05; similarly, the IVIS images of living mice, lungs, and tumors shown in Figure 9E-F show that the LHG-administered group (LHG-L180501) fluorescent tumor signal Almost completely disappeared, significantly better than the control dHG group (dHG10092) and the control dalteparin sodium group. This result shows that LHG has a stronger effect on inhibiting lung metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in mice than dHG or dalteparin, and potentially can be used to prevent and treat tumors or diseases related to tumor metastasis.
  • Example 12 The effect of LHG on the learning and memory of scopolamine model rats
  • This example mainly investigates the effect of improving the learning and memory ability of LHG scopolamine model rats.
  • Scopolamine is a central nervous system depressant. Rats injected with scopolamine have weakened learning and memory ability, decreased spatial cognition, but abnormally enhanced excitability, and their behavior is consistent with the early clinical symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease, so it is often used as an animal for Alzheimer's disease. Model for research.
  • Test compound LHG (lot number: LHG-L180501), from Example 1 above.
  • Animal SD rat, 250g ⁇ 50g, male.
  • Grouping and dosage normal control group; scopolamine model group (SCOP model group); positive control group (donepezil, 1 mg/Kg); LHG drug group (30 mg/Kg).
  • Modeling method and learning and memory test On the day of the experiment, rats were intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine hydrobromide (2mg/Kg after 2 consecutive days, changed to 2mg/Kg on the third day) after 30 minutes of intragastric administration on the day of the experiment. Morris water maze test was performed after 20 minutes In the normal control group, the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. The swimming performance of the rat is tracked through the camera, and the computer automatically records the rat’s travel, time and movement speed within 90s, and calculates the escape latency and swimming distance of the search platform.
  • Platform jumping test study and train on the first day, and repeat the test on the second day.
  • the rats were intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine hydrobromide (5mg/Kg) at a time 20 minutes before the test, and the incubation period (SDL) of the rats jumping off the platform for the first time was recorded.
  • the incubation period (EL) to avoid electric shock.
  • Table 11 shows the effect of LHG on the Morris water maze test in rats with memory impairment induced by scopolamine.
  • the LHG drug group significantly improved the scopolamine-induced memory impairment model rats, and the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly shortened.
  • the P value was ⁇ 0.05.
  • the improvement of the LHG drug group was similar to that of the positive drug (donepezil) group.
  • Table 12 shows the effect of LHG on the jumping-off test of scopolamine-induced memory impairment model rats.
  • the LHG drug group significantly improved the memory impairment model rats caused by scopolamine.
  • the average latency for the rats to jump off the platform for the first time was significantly prolonged, while the latency for evading electric shock was significantly shortened.
  • the P value is ⁇ 0.01, and the improvement of the LHG drug group is equivalent or better than the positive drug (donepezil) group.
  • Example 2 According to the results of Example 2 and Example 8, it can be seen that LHG has low anticoagulant activity, it does not have the activity of anticoagulant factor Xa and its activity of inducing platelet aggregation is weak, so its application safety is high. This result shows that the LHG of the present invention has the potential to be applied to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and even anti-tumor diseases.
  • the LHG of the present invention can significantly reduce the degree of auricle swelling when acting on mice with xylene-induced auricle swelling, and the anti-inflammatory effect is equal to or better than that of dexamethasone, indicating that LHG is useful Potential for preventing or treating inflammation.
  • the LHG of the present invention can inhibit the activation of the AGEs-RAGE system and reduce the VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and NO in the serum when acting on the vascular disease of the diabetic model rats induced by streptozotocin
  • the content of the aortic disease is reduced, and its effect of improving vascular disease is significantly better than dHG, indicating that the LHG of the present invention has the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of vascular disease-related diseases.
  • Example 11 According to the results of Example 11, it can be seen that when the LHG of the present invention acts on pancreatic cancer lung metastasis model mice, it can significantly inhibit or kill the metastatic cancer cells, and its anti-tumor or anti-tumor metastasis effect is better than dHG and dalteparin sodium. This indicates that the LHG of the present invention has the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of tumors or tumor metastasis-related diseases.
  • the LHG of the present invention can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of rats when acting on scopolamine model rats, and the effect is equivalent to or better than donepezil, indicating that the LHG of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
  • the potential for disease-related diseases it can be seen that the LHG of the present invention can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of rats when acting on scopolamine model rats, and the effect is equivalent to or better than donepezil, indicating that the LHG of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
  • the potential for disease-related diseases is indicating that the LHG of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
  • Example 1 in the preparation method of LHG of the present invention, firstly, the HG released by protease enzymatic hydrolysis of sea cucumber homogenate is directly absorbed and exchanged with an anion resin, which is based on the highly sulfated modification of the target HG.
  • the characteristic of strong negative charge can be separated from impurities such as protein, fat and nucleic acid with less negative charge, and the purpose of purification can be achieved by changing the concentration of elution salt.
  • This one-step extraction technology using ion exchange resin It is extremely simple and efficient, and there is no literature report.
  • the present invention uses acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide system for catalytic degradation, and uses HPLC to control the molecular weight to monitor the reaction process, which can accurately prepare low molecular weight LHG with a molecular weight of less than 10,000 Da.
  • Customize LHG of any molecular weight the method is scientific and reliable.
  • the raw material of the present invention can be selected as non-stichopus sea cucumbers with low edible value. It is cheap and large in yield and easy to purchase.
  • it can also be used in the joint production of other high-value by-products such as sea cucumber protein, sea cucumber peptides and sea cucumber saponins, with great economic value.
  • the LHG of the present invention has the effects of regulating platelet activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-vascular disease, anti-tumor or anti-tumor metastasis, and improving learning and memory capabilities. Therefore, LHG can be used as an active substance, which is acceptable in the pharmaceutical or health care industry.
  • the carrier is used to prepare a medicine or health care product composition for the prevention and treatment of inflammation, vascular disease, tumor, senile dementia and other related diseases.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低分子海参糖胺聚糖，组成单元为葡萄糖醛酸基、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖基和岩藻糖基及其硫酸酯基或乙酰酯基。葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰氨基半乳糖通过β(1-3)及β(1-4)糖苷键交互连接形成二糖重复结构单元的主链，岩藻糖基以侧链形式连接于主链；以摩尔比计，葡萄糖醛酸基：N-乙酰氨基半乳糖基：岩藻糖基的比值为1:(0.8～1.2):(0.6～1.2)；低分子海参糖胺聚糖的结构中，葡萄糖醛酸基2-位的10％～30％为硫酸酯基修饰，其余为羟基，岩藻糖基2-位的10％～30％比例为乙酰酯基修饰，其余为羟基或硫酸酯基。本发明的低分子海参糖胺聚糖具有抗炎、抗血管病变、抗肿瘤或抗肿瘤转移以及改善学习记忆能力的作用，可用于制备相关的药物或保健品。

Description

低分子海参糖胺聚糖及其应用 技术领域
本发明属于生物医药和保健品技术领域，具体涉及一种低分子海参糖胺聚糖及其在制备药物组合物或保健品组合物中的应用。
背景技术
海参糖胺聚糖(Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan，以下简称HG)为从软体动物海参中提取得到，是一种特殊的具有岩藻糖支链的硫酸糖胺聚糖，组成单元包括氨基半乳糖(GalN，A)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA，U)、岩藻糖(Fuc，F)以及它们的硫酸酯(-OSO 3 -，S)(樊绘曾等，药学学报，1983，18(3)：203；Ken-ichiro Y et al.，Tetrahedron Letters，1992，33(34)：4959-4962)。
现有技术研究显示，天然来源的HG结构具有共性，其基本组成单元是以GlcA和GalN(主要是N-乙酰-氨基半乳糖，GalNAc)通过β(1-3)及β(1-4)糖苷键交互连接，形成与哺乳动物体内的硫酸软骨素E相似的[-GlcAβ(1-3)-GalNAcβ(1-4)-]二糖重复结构主链，而Fuc及其硫酸酯则以侧链形式连接于主链(Vieira RP et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,1991,266:13530-13536)。
不同海参来源所得的天然HG在单糖组成比例及结构上存在着差异。已有研究显示，除了组成的糖单元比例有所不同外，HG在主链上的差异主要体现在GalNAc的4-位和6-位硫酸酯化程度不同。刺参S.Japonicus来源的HG主链中GalNAc的4-位和6-位均存在硫酸酯化(Ken-ichiro Y et al.，Tetrahedron Letters，1992，33(34)：4959-4962)；玉足海参H.leucospilota来源的HG主链GalNAc仅存在4-位硫酸酯化(GalNAc4S)而无6-位硫酸酯化(GalNAc6S)(樊绘曾等，药学学报，1980，18(3)：203)；而巴西海参L.grisea来源的HG主链中，约53％的GalNAc为6-硫酸酯(GalNAc6S)，少量为4,6-二硫酸酯(GalNAc4S6S)(约12％)、4-硫酸酯(GalNAc4S)(约4％)，并且存在约31％未被硫酸酯化的GalNAc(Lubor Borsig et al.J.Biol.Chem.2007，282：14984)。另一方面，HG在侧链Fuc上的差异则主要体现在硫酸酯化修饰位点和组成比例上不同，例如，刺参S.Japonicus及巴西海参L.grisea来源的HG都存在三种类型的侧链Fuc，即2,4-二硫酸酯(Fuc2S4S)、3,4-二硫酸酯(Fuc3S4S)以及4-硫酸酯(Fuc4S)的Fuc(Ken-ichiro Y et al.，Tetrahedron Letters，1992，33(34)：4959-4962；Paulo AS.et al.，J.Biol.Chem.，1996，271：23973)，但该两种来源的HG中的侧链Fuc在组成比例上存在差异。
文献报道的天然HG分子结构，经总结可由以下结构式来表示：
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000001
现有资料显示，HG具有众多的生物学活性与功能。天然HG作为高度硫酸化的糖胺聚糖，具有显著的抗凝抗栓活性(樊绘曾等，药学学报，1980，18(3)：203；等等)，其抗凝作用不同于肝素，并不依赖于抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AntithrombinⅢ，AT-Ⅲ)，可作用于多个凝血因子靶点(Paulo AS.et al.，J.Biol.Chem.，1996，271：23973)。HG还具有抗炎抗肿瘤(Lubor Borsig et al.J.Biol.Chem.2007，282：14984)以及调血脂(Tovar et al.，Atherosclerosis，1996，126：185-195)的功能。
尽管HG具有众多的生物学活性，但迄今仍难以应用于临床，究其原因，主要在于HG除具有强抗凝活性外，还具有类似于肝素诱导血小板聚集的活性。数据显示，药效剂量的刺参HG在活体动物血管内给药可致血小板计数减少(Li JZ et al.，Thromb.Haemostas.，1998，59(3)：435)，这种血小板减少容易引发如肝素所致的免疫性血小板减少症(Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia，HIT)，既可能引发出血倾向，也可能引发严重乃至致命的弥漫型血管内凝血，文献显示降低HG的分子量可以有效减少或避免诱导血小板聚集活性作用，从而提高应用安全性。
为了解决HG及其衍生物技术在应用上的困难，本申请人于2015年07月23日提交了名为“解聚海参糖胺聚糖组合物及其制备方法与应用”的中国专利申请(CN201510438139.9)，其公开了一种低分子量的解聚海参糖胺聚糖(Depolymerized Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan，dHG)，其抗凝活力低，具有抗肿瘤、抑制肿瘤转移作用和毒副作用小等优点。然而，该dHG还存在药理活性不够理想的问题，限制了其应用。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，提供药理活性更好、更适用于临床应用的HG衍生物，本发明从提取的天然HG出发，制备得到一种低分子量的HG衍生物——低分子海参糖胺聚糖(Low Molecular Weight Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan，LHG)组合物，该LHG具有两处独特的分子结构特征，一是主链GlcA的2-位有10％～30％比例被硫酸酯修饰(GlcA2S)，二是支链Fuc的2-位有10％～30％比例被乙酰酯修饰(Fuc2Ac)，具有这些分子结构特征的HG或HG衍生物，迄今未见报道。此外，本发明的LHG在生物活性方面，抗凝血活性低，诱导血小板聚集的活性弱，但是具有抗炎、抗血管病变、抗肿瘤或抗肿瘤转移以及改善记忆力等作用，潜在地可应用于相关疾病的预防治疗或保健品应用。
具体地，本发明提供了一种低分子海参糖胺聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子海参糖胺聚糖的结构如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000002
其中，低分子海参糖胺聚糖的组成单元为葡萄糖醛酸基(GlcA)、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖基(GlcA)和岩藻糖基(Fuc)以及它们的硫酸酯钠(-OSO 3 -Na +)或乙酰酯(-Ac)或钠(Na +)，葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰氨基半乳糖通过β(1-3)及β(1-4)糖苷键交互连接形成二糖重复结构单元的主链，岩藻糖基以侧链形式连接于主链，以摩尔比计，葡萄糖醛酸基：N-乙酰氨基半乳糖基：岩藻糖基的比值为1:(0.8～1.2):(0.6～1.2)，低分子海参糖胺聚糖的结构式中，n＝1～32，-R1、-R2、-R4和-R6均为羟基(-OH)或硫酸酯钠，-R3中的10％～30％为硫酸酯钠，其余为羟基，-R5中的10％～30％为乙酰酯，其余为羟基或硫酸酯钠。
上述低分子海参糖胺聚糖为它的钠盐形式，钠以离子键结合于羧基或硫酸酯基。
进一步地，低分子海参糖胺聚糖还可以是其他金属盐形式，包括但不限于钾盐、钙盐、锂盐和锌盐。金属盐形式的转换，可以使用本领域常见的操作方法进行，如使用阳离子树脂吸附除去钠离子，再通过添加特定的金属盐，来制备低分子海参糖胺聚糖的其他盐衍生物，最终可通过醇沉等方式纯化精制。这些低分子海参糖胺聚糖的金属盐形式，可以满足特定应用环境对不同离子形式的需求。
本发明还提供了上述的低分子海参糖胺聚糖在制备用于预防或治疗一些相关疾病的药物或保健品中的应用，这些疾病包括炎症、血管病变相关疾病、肿瘤相关疾病以及老年痴呆。
发明作用与效果
根据本发明提供的LHG具有调节血小板活性、抗炎、抗血管病变、抗肿瘤或抗肿瘤转移以及改善学习记忆能力的作用，因此可以使用LHG为活性物质，以药学上或保健品行业可接受的载体，制备药物或保健品组合物，用于预防和治疗炎症、血管病变、肿瘤、老年痴呆等相关疾病。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例3主链二糖单元结构特征分析的HPLC结果图，其中，图1(A)是二糖标准品的结果，图1(B)是Sample 1-M、Sample 2-M、Sample 3-M、Sample 4-M、Sample 5-M以及Sample 6-M的结果图；
图2是本发明实施例3中各样品中所含二糖的峰面积和峰面积百分比柱状图，其中，图2(A)是降解出的二糖组分的峰面积柱状图，图2(B)是样品中各二糖组分的百分含量柱状图；
图3是本发明实施例4的LHG的 1H-NMR谱图；
图4是本发明实施例5的LHG样品的异头COSY和TCOSY叠加图谱；
图5是本发明实施例5的LHG样品的HSQC-COSY和HSQC-TOCSY叠加图谱；
图6是本发明实施例5的LHG样品糖环残基区的HSQC图谱示意图；
图7是本发明实施例6的不同LHG样品的 1H-NMR图谱对比示意图；
图8是本发明实施例7的LHG样品中不同分子量组分的 1H-NMR图谱对比示意图。
图9为本发明实施例11的LHG对小鼠体内SUIT2-LUC(人胰腺癌细胞)肺转移抑制实验结果，其中，图9(A)为体重变化折线图，图9(B)为肿瘤体积变化折线图，图9(C)为终点时的瘤重柱状图，图9(D)为荧光信号强度柱状图，图9(E)为各组小鼠的IVIS图像，图9(F)为各组小鼠的肺和肿瘤的IVIS图像。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图以及实施例来说明本发明的具体实施方式。应当理解，下述实施例仅仅用以解释说明本发明的技术方案，但并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：低分子海参糖胺聚糖(LHG)的制备
本实施例为本发明的LHG的制备，该制备过程包括如下步骤：
步骤1.海参糖胺聚糖(HG)的提取与纯化：
称取10Kg市售干海参，20L水浸泡过夜，绞碎。将海参匀浆液转入100L反应釜中，补加50L水、0.8Kg碳酸钠和1.6Kg氯化钠，加热至50℃，保温。加入0.2Kg碱性蛋白酶2709，酶解6小时。酶解结束后，纱布过滤除去砂砾，并把滤液转移至含有5Kg湿重的朗盛S5428树脂釜中，继续搅拌吸附3小时。过滤收集树脂，清水冲洗树脂3次，以15L的4％氯化钠溶液漂洗树脂，弃去漂洗液，重复漂洗2次。树脂再以15％的氯化钠溶液洗脱，分别15L洗脱3次，每次室温搅拌15-30分钟，合并洗脱液。搅拌下，加入45L的95％乙醇沉淀，离心收集HG。将所得的HG以2L的3％氯化钠溶液溶清，然后加入3L的95％乙醇沉淀，95％乙醇脱水，再烘干，制得HG共125.2g。
步骤2.降解制备低分子海参糖胺聚糖(LHG)：
称取上述1中纯品HG 100g，加入0.9L水，搅拌至全溶。再加入10mL冰乙酸和100mL的30％过氧化氢，加热反应液并保持在50℃左右。反应过程中取样送HPLC检测目标物的分子量分布情况，在24小时左右时，取样测定的目标物分子量为7400Da，终止反应。向反应液中补浓NaOH溶液至pH中性，加入100g氯化钠，搅拌至全溶。再加入2L的95％乙醇沉淀，离心收获目标LHG粗品。沉淀以1L的3％氯化钠溶液复溶，再以1.5L的95％乙醇沉淀；重复复溶与沉淀1次，最终沉淀以95％乙醇脱水，真空干燥，制得LHG一共73.5g，其批号记为LHG-L180501。
3.其他批次的低分子海参糖胺聚糖(LHG)的制备
本实施例中还列举以其他来源或批次海参进行的多批次LHG的制备。
具体地，采用上述步骤1以及步骤2两步骤，仅对于物料数量(或浓度)、通用操作参数(如温度、时间和pH)以及盐水复溶醇沉等通用纯化步骤使用与否及次数上的差别，使用海参进行多批次的LHG制备，这些制备均根据HPLC分子量检测进行过程控制，使得制备得到的LHG的分子量均在10000Da以下。一些典型批次的批号、投料量与产率，如下表 1所示：
表1 典型批次LHG的制备情况
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000003
* 表1中的各批次LHG不包括在大分子HG阶段的留样等。
实施例2：LHG的理化性质和生物学特性分析
本实施例为实施例1所制备得到的不同批次LHG的理化性质和生物学特性分析实验。
1.实验材料：
受试化合物：各批次LHG，来自上述实施例1；
2.实验方法：
(1)重均分子量检测：采用GPC-HPLC法，具体条件为：色谱柱为一根TSKgel G2000SW(7.8mm×30cm，5μm)和一根TSKgel G3000SW(7.8mm×30cm，5μm)串联，检测器为示差折光检测器(RID)，重均分子量计算标准品为USP商用低分子肝素的重均分子量校准品RS，分析软件包括HPLC工作站和Agilent公司的GPC软件；以SEC-HPLC分析检测并结合GPC软件进行计算；
(2)抗-Xa因子活性检测：参照USP40的肝素钠因子效价测定方法；
(3)抗凝血活性检测：参照USP32肝素钠的效价检测法(绵羊血浆法)；
(4)钠含量测定：参照中国药典0406原子吸收分光光度法；
(5)GlcA：GalNAc：Fuc的摩尔比分析：采用咔唑法检测葡萄糖醛酸GlcA含量，Elson-Morgon法检测乙酰氨基半乳糖GalNAc含量，以及根据 1H NMR甲基峰积分面积计算GalNAc/Fuc摩尔比；
(6)硫酸根/羧酸根比例分析：采用电导滴定法测定；
(7)比旋度测定：根据中国药典(2010版)二部附录VIE方法测定；
(8)绝对重均分子量检测：以SEC-MALLS法检测。
3.结果与讨论
下表2为本实施例的LHG的不同样品的理化性质和生物学活性检测结果。
表2 不同样品的理化性质和生物学活性
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000005
从表2可以看出：
1)重均分子量：各LHG样品的重均分子量都在10000Da以下，而天然HG的分子量通常在60000-80000Da以上，说明LHG属于解聚的低分子产品。
此外，以SEC-MALLS法测得的绝对重均分子量显示，LHG的最大分子组分在28000Da–30000Da之间，按重复组成糖单元(GlcA(Fuc)-GalNAc)及相应的硫酸度(4.0，磺酸根/羧酸根比例结果)修饰来推算，可以映证本发明中前述的LHG通式结构中的n最大为32。
2)抗凝血活性：各LHG样品均几乎没有抗-Xa因子活性，因此其抗凝血作用不依赖于抗-Xa因子，是通过其他途径进行的；而绵羊血浆法测定的总抗凝活性也均在10U/mg以下，说明LHG的抗凝血活性低。
3)钠含量：根据结果可知，各LHG样品的钠含量百分比较为接近，在11.2％～12.1％之间，这与分子结构单元羧基及下文硫酸根的数量是相一致的，钠以离子键结合于这些基团。
4)GlcA：GalNAc：Fuc的摩尔比：根据结果可知，各LHG样品的单糖组成摩尔比较为接近，均在1：0.8-1.2：0.6-1.2之间。
5)磺酸根/羧酸根比例：根据结果，各LHG样品的磺酸根/羧酸根比例非常接近，为3.9-4.1，说明LHG的一个组成单元(GlcA(Fuc)-GalNAc)上，存在约4.0个硫酸根修饰，硫酸根含量高。
6)比旋度：根据结果，各LHG样品在-47°～-55°不等。
实施例3：LHG主链二糖单元的结构特征分析
本实施例是实施例1制备得到的LHG的主链二糖单元结构特征分析实验。
据文献可知，天然HG是由葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)和N-乙酰氨基半乳糖(GalNAc)为重复二糖单元的硫酸软骨素(CS)主链，和由硫酸化的聚岩藻糖(Fuc)为支链组成的一类糖胺聚糖(GAG)。LHG来源于天然HG，其基本特征类似，但在主链的二糖重复单元(dp2)上会因硫酸基或乙酰基取代程度和位点不同等因素，呈现多种形式。由于岩藻糖支链的存在，硫酸软骨素酶不能降解LHG的硫酸软骨素主链，进而无法完成主链的二糖分析。本实施例首先通过弱酸水解逐步除去岩藻糖支链，再用硫酸软骨素裂解酶ABC对剩余的主链进行彻底酶解，释放出二糖单元，然后展开二糖分析。
1.实验材料：
受试化合物：LHG样品(批号：LHG-L180501)，来自于实施例1。
试剂：八个CS二糖(dp2)标准品(货号：C3202)购置于北京艾德豪克科技有限公司； 硫酸软骨素裂解酶ABC(批号：120M4095V)购置于Sigma；其他试剂均为分析纯。
2.实验方法：
2.1 样品处理：
2.1.1 不同程度酸解脱除岩藻糖支链：
准确称取样品192.0mg，用1000μL的移液枪加入4.8mL的0.1M H 2SO 4，配置成40mg/mL的样品溶液；充分溶解完全后，将样品平均分成六组，分别记作Sample 1、Sample 2、Sample 3、Sample 4、Sample 5、Sample 6，将六组样品同时置于100℃油浴中降解；Sample1-6从油浴中取出的时间分别为0min、30min、60min、90min、120min、240min；每个样品取出后，放置至室温，然后用饱和Ba(OH) 2溶液调pH至7.0；将上述调节为中性的样品进行离心除去沉淀；移取1/3的上清液，转入500Da的透析袋中，透析24h；透析后，样品分别转移至已称重的离心管中，冻干，备用。
2.1.2 酶解得到主链二糖：
称取上述冻干后的六组酸解后样品，用50mM的Tris-HCl(pH＝8.0)缓冲溶液，均配置成20mg/mL的样品溶液；溶解完全后，各移取50μL上述样品溶液分别置于1mL的离心管中，且均各加入0.2IU(0.1IU/10μL)的硫酸软骨素裂解酶ABC；混匀后密封，置于37℃恒温水浴箱中酶解36h；利用Agilent 1260 Infinity液相色谱仪进样分析。将酶解后样品记作：Sample 1-M、Sample 2-M、Sample 3-M、Sample 4-M、Sample 5-M、Sample 6-M。
2.2 SAX-UV分析：
仪器：Agilent 1260 Infinity液相色谱仪；
色谱柱：Welch Ultimate XB-SAX(4.6×250mm，3.0μm)；
流动相A：2.33mM磷酸二氢钠·二水，pH3.0(0.364g磷酸二氢钠·二水溶于950mL纯化水中，定容至1L，溶液用磷酸调pH至3.0后，过0.22μm滤膜，脱气备用)；
流动相B：1.143M高氯酸钠·一水，pH3.0(160.6044g高氯酸钠·一水溶于950mL流动相A，溶解完全后用A定容至1L，溶液用磷酸调pH至3.0后，过0.22μm滤膜后，脱气备用)；
流速：0.6mL/min；
柱温：45℃；
进样量：5μL；
检测波长：232nm；
洗脱梯度：如表3所示。
表3 洗脱梯度表
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000006
3.结果：
图1是本发明实施例3主链二糖单元结构特征分析的HPLC结果图，其中，图1(A)是二糖标准品的结果，图1(B)是Sample 1-M、Sample 2-M、Sample 3-M、Sample 4-M、Sample 5-M以及Sample 6-M的结果图。
由于酶解后二糖单元的4,5位有不饱和双键，在232nm有特征性吸收，因此检测采用强阴离子交换色谱串联紫外检测器的方法(SAX-UV，2.2中的方法)。
首先，采用本实施例2.2所描述的SAX-UV方法对八个CS二糖标准品进行分离以确保该方法的可行性，结果如图1(A)所示，可将八个标准品有效分离，Peak A-H依次表示ΔUA→GalNAc、ΔUA→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S,6S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S,6S二糖。
上述酸解程度不同的各样品，在相同的酶解条件下酶解36h。酶解后样品采用SAX-UV检测分析。结果如图1(B)所显示，不进行酸解处理的岩藻糖化的硫酸软骨素的酶解效果差，未检测到二糖(Sample 1-M)，说明酶不可降解含Fuc支链的LHG。当酸解时间为30min(Sample 2-M)，酶可降解部分除去Fuc支链的LHG产生8种CS二糖，但其含量相对较少，说明酶解效率较差。当酸解时间为60min，酶可较好地降解LHG主链产生8种CS二糖，且各二糖含量增加(Sample 3-M)。当酸解时间为90min(Sample 4-M)，整体降解效率在六个样品中达到最高。当酸解时间为120min(Sample 5-M)和240min(Sample 6-M)时，整体降解效果开始逐渐降低。
另外，由于各样品前期操作和配样条件完全一致，在相同测定条件的前提下，各峰面积变化可以用于判断降解效果。
图2是本发明实施例3中各样品中所含二糖的峰面积和峰面积百分比柱状图，其中，图2(A)是降解出的二糖组分的峰面积柱状图，图2(B)是样品中各二糖组分的百分含量柱状图。图2(A)及图2(B)中，每个样品的柱状图中包含8根柱形，该8根柱形从左至右依次表示ΔUA→GalNAc、ΔUA→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S,6S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S以及ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S,6S。
如图2(A)所示，若仅对降解出的二糖组分的总量进行评估，可以认为酸解时长90min为最佳降解点。
如图2(B)所示，对样品中各二糖组分的百分含量进行分析，结果显示样品中各二糖组分的比例在逐渐变化，且各二糖组分的变化趋势不完全相同。非硫酸化的二糖ΔUA→GalNAc和6-硫酸化的二糖ΔUA→GalNAc,6S百分含量逐渐增多。4-硫酸化的二糖ΔUA→GalNAc,4S百分含量增高后降低，在酸解时间90min时达到最高。2-硫酸化的二糖ΔUA,2S→GalNAc，百分含量逐渐降低，至酸解时间120min时，已不能检测到。二硫酸化的二糖组分ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S,6S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S以及三硫酸化的二糖ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S,6S百分含量逐渐降低。该部分结果显示，适当的酸解可以使岩藻糖支链脱落，暴露出主链二糖单元的酶作用位点，有利于酶的作用及主链的分析，使酶解后样品组分的含量增加。但是，从酶解组分中低硫酸化二糖含量增加可以看出，酸解时间过长，导致支链脱落的同时，暴露的主链也被酸解，且会使硫酸根脱落，酸解时间过长时，甚至不能检测到ΔUA,2S→GalNAc、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S、 ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S,6S，影响真实二糖结果的测定和分析。
4.结论与讨论：
经研究分析，实施例1的LHG样品(批号：LHG-L180501)中，主链二糖单元类型为：ΔUA→GalNAc、ΔUA→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S,6S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S、ΔUA,2S→GalNAc,4S,6S，即八种常见二糖类型均含有；在二糖单元组成比例上，以ΔUA→GalNAc、ΔUA→GalNAc,6S、ΔUA→GalNAc,4S和ΔUA→GalNAc,4S,6S为主，呈现为硫酸软骨素E的类似构型。
其中LHG主链所具有的ΔUA,2S(即母链中GlcA2S)，现有技术迄今未有报道。根据不同程度酸解-酶解分析，本批次LHG样品中的GlcA2S在总GlcA中的百分比在10％-25％之间。本实施例对不同酸解程度的样品进行分析，还发现，温和的酸解可以除去LHG的岩藻糖支链，提高酶解效率，但不同硫酸化程度的Fuc-GalNAc、GlcA-GalNAc、GlcA-GalNAc-Fuc等片段的产生显示，酸解也会导致LHG暴露的主链被降解，且这种破坏程度随着酸解的时间延长而增加。
同样地，申请人对本发明实施例1中所得的其他数批次LHG样品(包括LHG-L180501、LHG-181101、LHG-181103、LHG-190301和LHG-190501)进行了相同方法的酸解、酶解和SAX-UV分析，实验结果显示各LHG样品的主链二糖与批次LHG-L180501相近，且均含有相似的ΔUA,2S即GlcA2S组分，含量在10％-30％不等。这些构型特征表明LHG不仅仅只是硫酸软骨素E类似物，其含有的GlcA2S更是表现为硫酸软骨素D的类似物构型特征，这种特征迄今未见文献报道。
实施例4：LHG的核磁共振氢谱( 1H-NMR)分析
本实施例是实施例1制备得到的LHG样品的 1H-NMR分析实验，用来确定其结构特征。
受试化合物：LHG样品(批号：LHG-L180501)，来自于实施例1。
样品配制：取35mg样品溶解于0.6mL氘水(添加0.002％的TSP作为内标校正零点)，将溶液转移到5mm的核磁管中，并超声处理2分钟。
仪器：NMR Bruker AC500HD；
软件：Bruker Top Spin 3.2(Bruker Biospin GmbH)
结果：
图3是本发明实施例4的LHG的 1H-NMR谱图，其中，图3(A)为全谱图，图3(B)为Fuc的硫酸化修饰部分的放大图。
如图3(A)以及图3(B)所示，LHG样品在1.40ppm、2.08ppm、3.60ppm以及5.30-5.70ppm处，分别存在岩藻糖残基Fuc的-CH3氢峰(甲基氢)、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖残基GalNAc的乙酰基上甲基氢峰、葡萄糖醛酸残基GlcA的H2氢峰以及岩藻糖残基Fuc的各硫酸化修饰组分的H1氢峰。
可见，本发明所得到的LHG样品，其 1H-NMR谱图与文献报道的岩藻糖化糖胺聚糖相似，特征在于硫酸软骨素样主链的葡萄糖醛酸-N-乙酰氨基半乳糖(GlcA-GalNAc)上存在岩藻糖残基Fuc修饰(Paulo AS.et al.，J.Biol.Chem.，1996，271：23973)。
实施例5：NMR分析LHG的结构特征
现代核磁共振技术，尤其是二维核磁(HSQC-NMR)，已被广泛用于解析多糖组分的结构信息，其不仅可以解析出异头峰信号，也可以解析出糖链的环结构区域信号。本实施例是用于该LHG的糖链结构特征分析。
受试化合物：LHG样品(批号：LHG-L190301)，来自于实施例1。
样品配制：取35mg(另取100mg按相同方法配制，用于 13C-NMR)样品溶解于0.6mL氘水(添加0.002％的TSP作为内标校正零点)，将溶液转移到5mm的核磁管中，并超声处理2分钟。
仪器：NMR Bruker AC500HD；
软件：Bruker Top Spin 3.2(Bruker Biospin GmbH)
结果：
图4是本发明实施例5的LHG样品的异头COSY和TCOSY叠加图谱，图5是本发明实施例5的LHG样品的HSQC-COSY和HSQC-TOCSY叠加图谱。
如图4-图5所示，在LHG中，有五种不同硫酸化修饰方式的Fuc残基，除了常规的2,4-二硫酸酯(Fuc2/4S)、两种3,4-二硫酸酯(Fuc3/4S和Fuc’3/4S)以及4-硫酸酯(Fuc4S)外，还在5.28/100.5ppm有另外一种硫酸化修饰的异聚信号，其与4.26/52.3ppm处具有相应的H2/C2，即与乙酰化修饰一致，该修饰组分为Fuc2Ac4S；此外，GlcA残基的2-O位也存在硫酸化修饰(GlaA2S)，4.85/104.3ppm的单体信号与4.4/80.1ppm的H2/C2之间的相关性可以证明。
以上结果说明，Fuc残基的2-O位存在乙酰化修饰(Fuc2Ac)，同时GlcA残基的2-O位存在硫酸化修饰(GlcA2S)。
图6是本发明实施例5的LHG样品糖环残基区的HSQC图谱示意图。
如图6所示，LHG的其他特征还包括：GalNAc残基的6-O位是部分硫酸化，见图6中70.3ppm的C6S(GalNAc6S)和64.3ppm的C6OH(GalNAc)。
此外，利用HSQC和 13C图谱的积分，可以计算得到LHG样品在单糖组成上的比例，GlcA：GalNAc：Fuc按摩尔计，二种谱图的计算结果一致，均为1:1:0.9。
各信号归属见图6、表4和表5。
表4  1H化学位移与Fuc残基中硫酸化组分百分比
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000007
表5  13C化学位移
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000008
根据 1H的信号积分，该LHG样品的GlcA2S修饰占总体GlcA残基的20％，这与前述实施例3的酸解-酶解分析结果为10％～30％相一致；而Fuc残基的修饰存在多种方式，其中Fuc2Ac4S占该样品的27％。
可见，本发明所得到的LHG中含有GlcA2S和Fuc2Ac的特征，而这两种结构特征在HG或HG衍生物中迄今未见文献报道。
实施例6：NMR法分析不同批次LHG的特征与差异
众所周知，HG或HG衍生物这种岩藻糖化的硫酸软骨素类似物，对炎症、血栓形成和肿瘤转移等具有重要的生物学活性，HG经提取或部分化学处理所得，因而不同来源或批次的HG，可能在结构上会存在差异。通常，分子结构上的修饰特征与其生物学功能具有相关性，但是这种关联性研究非常具有挑战性。本实施例以NMR法比较不同来源或批次的LHG特征与差异，结果如下文所示。
受试化合物：
1)批号：LHG-L180501，来源于实施例1；
2)批号：LHG-181101，来源于实施例1；
3)批号：LHG-181102，来源于实施例1；
4)批号：LHG-181103，来源于实施例1；
后三批次为连续600Kg投料批量的中试产品。
仪器：NMR Bruker AC500HD，同实施例5。
软件：Bruker Top Spin 3.2(Bruker Biospin GmbH)，同实施例5。
结果：
图7是这些批次LHG样品的 1H-NMR图谱对比示意图。
如图7所示，这些批LHG样品的 1H-NMR谱图几乎完全一致(1.2ppm与3.6ppm为残留溶剂乙醇信号)。在图7中，可以识别出五种主要Fuc残基的修饰类型，包括：Fuc 2,4S、Fuc 3,4S、Fuc 4S、Fuc’3,4S和Fuc 2Ac,4S。根据实施例4中的表3所示的 1H化学位移，可积分计算出各Fuc残基修饰组分的百分比含量。此外，根据HSQC-NMR信号积分，得到GlcA尤其是2-O位硫酸化修饰的GlcA2S的百分比。结果见表6。
表6 不同批次LHG样品的Fuc修饰组分及GlcA2S的含量比较
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000009
上述批次的LHG样品中均存在GlcA2S(比例在20％～25％不等)和Fuc2Ac(Fuc2Ac,4S，比例在13％～19％不等)，含有这种特征的HG或HG衍生物，迄今未见文献报道。
实施例7：NMR法分析LHG样品中不同分子量组分的异同
在本实施例里，申请人首先以凝胶渗透色谱法分离LHG样品，收集并分成分子量大小不同的组分，再以NMR法考察各个组分的异同，结果如下文所示。
受试化合物：
1)批号：LHG-190301，分子量9200Da，分析编号为G13692；
2)组分F1，重均分子量21400Da，分析编号为G13692_F1；
3)组分F3，重均分子量6600Da，分析编号为G13692_F3；
4)组分F5，重均分子量4300Da，分析编号为G13692_F5。
仪器：NMR Bruker AC500HD，同实施例5。
软件：Bruker Top Spin 3.2(Bruker Biospin GmbH)，同实施例5。
结果：
图8是该LHG样品及其不同分子量组分的 1H-NMR图谱对比示意图。结果显示，分离出的不同分子量组分，虽分离后重均分子量差异大，但其 1H-NMR谱图几乎完全一致。当然，F3和F5组分显示出了更好的分辨力，而F1与起始材料的分辨力稍差，这是由于分子量大小以及组分的分散度大小不同有关。同样地，申请人同样考察了这些组分的HSQC-NMR图谱，结果也是一致的。
在图8中，可以识别出五种主要Fuc残基的修饰类型，包括：Fuc 2,4S、Fuc 3,4S、Fuc 4S、Fuc’3,4S和Fuc 2Ac,4S。根据实施例5中的表4所示的 1H化学位移，可积分计算出各Fuc残基修饰组分的百分比含量。此外，根据HSQC-NMR信号积分，得到GlcA尤其是2-O位硫酸化修饰的GlcA2S的百分比。结果见表7。
表7 LHG样品及其不同分子量组分的Fuc修饰及GlcA2S的含量比较
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000010
上述LHG样品中的不同分子量组分，在Fuc2Ac修饰(Fuc2Ac,4S，比例在19％～27％不等)及GlcA2S(比例在18％～23％不等)的含量均一致，而存在的这种结构，如前所述， 迄今未见文献报道。
实施例8：LHG的诱导血小板聚集活性分析
本实施例为本发明的LHG的诱导血小板聚集活性的分析实验。
众所周知，血小板功能亢进与心血管疾病、血栓疾病和肿瘤疾病等密切相关，在这些疾病的研究领域，血小板的作用正在受到越来越多的重视，临床许多抗心血管疾病药物、抗血栓疾病药物甚至抗肿瘤疾病药物，体外实验可见抑制血小板功能如聚集等作用。本实施例考察了LHG对花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响。
1.实验材料：
受试化合物：LHG(批号：LHG-L180501)，来自上述实施例1；HG(纯品HG，批号：HG-L180501，为实施例1中LHG-L180501制备过程中步骤1所得的HG的留样)。
2.实验方法：
兔颈动脉放血，收集于硅化离心管内，以3.8％的枸橼酸钠9:1(v/v)抗凝。室温离心10分钟(800转/分)，取上层液极为富血小板血浆(PRP)，剩余血液继续离心10分钟(3000转/分)，分离出贫血小板血浆(PPP)作为测定对照或用于调节PRP中的血小板数。试验中，PRP的血小板数调节在50-70万。
LHG与HG的终浓度分别为2.4μg/mL、12μg/mL、60μg/mL、300μg/mL，以AA(终浓度为60μmol/L)为诱导剂进行血小板聚集实验，各重复5次。
血小板聚集程度按比浊法测定，取三次测定的平均值。
3.结果：
表8为本发明实施例6的LHG对AA诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响结果。
如表8所示，与对照组比，LHG样品组，除300μg/mL组显著促进AA诱导的兔血小板聚集作用外，其他浓度组均不显著；而作为未解聚的HG样品组，则除了浓度最低的2.4μg/mL组没有显著促进AA诱导的兔血小板聚集作用外，其他浓度均有显著作用，且浓度越大聚集越强。
表8 LHG对AA诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000011
备注：与0μg/mL相比，*表示P<0.05；**表示P<0.01。
4.讨论：
现有文献显示，天然的大分子HG具有抗凝血作用，但是这种抗凝功能并不抑制血小板聚集，相反能诱导血小板凝聚，在凝聚时血小板并不发生活化和代谢，只是处于凝聚状态的血小板不能发挥应有的生理活性和功能。本实施例的研究结果(见表8)显示，大分子的HG具有较强的诱导血小板聚集活性，在12μg/mL以上浓度时与对照0μg/mL呈显著差异性(P<0.05)，而小分子的LHG则与对照0μg/mL没有统计学意义上的差别，因此使用LHG可以很大程度上解除潜在的类似于HIT病症发生，安全性更好。
此外，LHG的抗凝血作用低，即使其具有这种弱的诱导血小板聚集活性，也不会使聚集的血小板活化和形变，与一般的血小板功能活性抑制剂不同。因此，LHG这种对血小板的活性调节作用，可应用于心血管疾病甚至抗肿瘤疾病的预防与治疗。
实施例9：LHG对小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响(抗炎效果)分析
本实施例以二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症实验模型考察LHG的抗炎效果。
炎症是具有血管系统的活体组织对各种致炎因子做出的抵御反应，是机体对异己成分做出的免疫应答。炎症的基本病理变化包括变质、渗出和增生，临床表现为局部红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍，并有发热、白细胞增多、单核-巨噬细胞系统增生等全身反应。过度的炎症反应会反噬机体，造成二次病理损伤。此外，炎症还参与多种疾病的发生发展，如类风湿性关节炎、哮喘、神经炎等，近年来还发现与Ⅱ糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和癌症等密切相关。众所周知，黏多糖类物质往往具有一定的抗炎作用，如肝素可以通过抑制选择素等多种途径在体内外对急慢性炎症均有作用，多硫酸戊聚糖钠则是目前临床间质性膀胱炎的唯一批准用药。
1.实验材料：
受试化合物：LHG(批号：LHG-L180501)，来自上述实施例1。
动物：小鼠，18-23g，雌雄各半。
2.实验方法：
药物配制：LHG以去离子水配制成100mg/mL；阳性对照：地塞米松，去离子水配制成50mg/mL；空白对照：水。
给药方式：皮下注射。
实验过程：取健康小鼠18只，随机分3组各6只雌雄各半，分别设为LHG药物组、阳性对照组和空白对照组。将上述配制的药物溶液，按照0.01mL/1g小鼠体重的量注射给药，连续给药5天，末次给药30min后，取二甲苯30μL均匀涂于小鼠右耳两面致炎，左耳作为对照，致炎后1h脱颈椎处死小鼠，打孔器取下左右耳相同部位的耳片，分析天平称重，计算耳廓肿胀率及耳廓肿胀抑制率。
3.实验结果：
表9是本发明实施例9的LHG对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制情况结果。
表9 LHG对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制情况
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000012
备注：与空白对照组相比，*表示P<0.05。
如表9所示，二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀1h后，LHG药物组小鼠耳廓肿胀度降低，与阳性对照组(地塞米松)类似，均与空白对照组差异显著(P<0.05)，说明LHG可以有效抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症反应。潜在地，LHG可应用于治疗炎症相关疾病。
实施例10：LHG对链脲佐菌素致大鼠糖尿病模型血管病变的改善作用
本实施例主要考察LHG对于糖尿病模型大鼠血管病变的改善作用。
血管病变类疾病，特别是糖尿病患者的血管病变，发病率高，严重危害病患的身体健康与生活质量，是糖尿病患者致残及死亡的首要原因。已知黏多糖类物质，对于预防和治疗血管病变有一定的作用。
1.实验材料：
受试化合物：LHG(批号：LHG-L180501)，来自上述实施例1；
对比化合物：dHG10092，解聚海参糖胺聚糖，在本申请人的发明专利CN201510438139.9中实施例2记述。
动物：SD大鼠，250g±50g，雄性。
2.实验方法：
药物配制：LHG或dHG10092以去离子水配制成100mg/mL溶液，按固体计30mg/Kg给药。
给药方式：灌胃。
饲料成分：1)普通饲料：脂肪5％、碳水化合物55％、蛋白质23％、包括纤维素及灰分在内的其他成分占17％；2)高脂饲料成分：脂肪50％、碳水化合物17％、蛋白质25％、包括纤维素及灰分在内的其他成分占8％。
造模及分组：6只空白对照组大鼠给予普通饲料，其余24只大鼠给予高脂饲料，4周后一次性注射链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin，STZ 35mg/Kg)，1周后取禁食12h大鼠的尾静脉血，血糖仪测定血糖值，以空腹血糖≥16.7mmol/L为糖尿病组大鼠造模成功的指标。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型对照组、LHG药物组及dHG10092药物组，每组6只，此后LHG药物组及dHG10092药物组每天灌胃给药一次，连续12周。
样本制备及采集：LHG及dHG10092药物干扰12周后，大鼠麻醉固定，取血，离心取上清，用于血管细胞间黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和一氧化氮(NO)的检测。取主动脉壁，冷冻保存。
大鼠主动脉晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)含量的测定：称取约50mg干燥至恒重的主动脉组织，ELISA法测定AGEs和RAGE含量。
3.实验结果：
在糖尿病及模型中，AGEs的生成，促使蛋白形成交联大分子，损伤血管内皮细胞，引起内皮细胞凋亡，从而主动脉顺应性降低。AGEs与受体结合，能增加ICAM-1、VCAM-1等的表达，并激活多种细胞因子，参与血管病变的发生。血液中NO含量增加与血管的通透性增大有密切的关系，降低NO含量，可有效的保护血管内皮细胞，减少血管的病变。
LHG对于糖尿病模型大鼠血管病变的改善作用，各终末指标测定结果列于表10。
表10 LHG治疗糖尿病模型大鼠的各指标情况
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000014
备注：与模型对照组相比，*表示P<0.05，**表示P<0.01。
由表10可知，相对于正常空白对照组，模型对照组大鼠在造模后：一是腹主动脉AGEs和RAGE含量升高且有显著性差异(P<0.01)，说明模型大鼠腹主动脉AGEs-RAGE系统被显著激活；二是血清中ICAM-1与VCAM-1含量升高且同样有显著性差异(P<0.01)，说明模型大鼠ICAM-1与VCAM-1系统被显著激活与表达；三是血清中NO含量升高且有显著性差异(P<0.01)。
而LHG药物组与模型对照组相比，在经灌胃给药干预后：一是主动脉AGEs和RAGE含量明显降低(P<0.01)，说明LHG能够有效抑制模型大鼠腹主动脉AGEs-RAGE系统的激活；二是血清中ICAM-1与VCAM-1含量同样明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)，说明LHG能够有效抑制模型大鼠ICAM-1与VCAM-1系统的激活与表达；三是血清中NO含量明显降低(P<0.05)，说明LHG能够有效降低模型大鼠血清NO含量。此外，将dHG10092药物组与LHG药物组对比可发现，LHG药物组改善血管病变的作用强于dHG10092药物组。
此外，对各组大鼠主动脉血管进行染色和病理学检查，发现：模型组主动脉血管壁明显增厚，内膜不完整，内皮细胞有脱落情况，血管平滑肌细胞肥大扭曲且排列紊乱，层数增多，细胞核大小不一，细胞膜及核膜不清晰，胞浆染色不均，可见大量泡沫细胞及巨噬细胞；而LHG药物组大鼠主动脉病变情况则较模型组均明显减轻，平滑肌细胞排列与细胞核性状明显好转，内皮下可见少量泡沫细胞，内皮细胞轻微肿胀，内膜平滑肌细胞增殖不明显。
总之，LHG抑制模型大鼠腹主动脉AGEs-RAGE系统的激活，降低模型大鼠血清VCAM-1、ICAM-1含量、NO含量，减轻大鼠主动脉病变情况，作用效果强于dHG10092。潜在地，LHG可应用于预防和治疗血管病变相关疾病且其药效强于dHG10092。
实施例11：LHG对小鼠体内SUIT2-LUC(人胰腺癌细胞)肺转移抑制实验
众所周知，天然HG和低分子肝素等硫酸化多糖类物质能抑制肿瘤的生产和转移，对多种肿瘤的产生有抑制作用。本实施例利用小鼠的胰腺癌肺转移模型，考察LHG并对比本申请人发明专利CN201510438139.9所述的dHG以及一种低分子肝素产品，在抗肿瘤或抑制肿瘤转移上的作用。
1.实验材料
受试化合物：LHG(样品批号：LHG-L180501，分子量7200Da)，来自于实施例一所述方法制备；
对比化合物1：dHG10092，解聚海参糖胺聚糖，在本申请人的发明专利CN201510438139.9中实施例2记述。
对比化合物2：达肝素钠，市售的一种低分子肝素钠制剂，商品名为法安明。
细胞：荧光标记的SUIT2细胞(SUIT2-LUC)(人胰腺癌细胞)。
动物：Athymic裸小鼠，雌性。
仪器：小动物活体成像系统(IVIS imaging system，Caliper Life Sciences,Hopkinton,MA,USA)。
2.实验方法
2.1 分组及剂量：LHG给药组(LHG-L180501，30mg/Kg)；对照dHG组(dHG10092，30mg/Kg)；对照达肝素钠组(市售针剂，10mg/Kg)；阴性对照：PBS缓冲液。
2.2 给药方式：皮下注射，单次给药。
2.3 细胞注射与动物管理：给药同时，注射SUIT2-LUC人胰腺癌细胞100μL，1×10 6细胞)，小鼠饲喂2周。
2.4 IVIS成像：于注射细胞后及2周饲喂后分别成像观察。
2.5 试验终点进行组织病理学检查。
3.结果：
图9为本发明实施例11的LHG对小鼠体内SUIT2-LUC(人胰腺癌细胞)肺转移抑制实验结果，其中，图9(A)为体重变化折线图，图9(B)为肿瘤体积变化折线图，图9(C)为瘤重柱状图，图9(D)为荧光信号强度柱状图，图9(E)为各组小鼠与肿瘤的IVIS图像，图9(F)为各组肺和肿瘤的IVIS图像。图9中，各实验组分别为：对照＝PBS缓冲液，dHG10092＝对照dHG组30mg/Kg，LHG-L180501＝LHG给药组30mg/Kg，达肝素钠＝对照达肝素钠组10mg/Kg。
如图9所示，对照组小鼠，因肿瘤细胞的转移与扩展，虽体重(A)变化不大，但肿瘤体积(B)增加十分明显，而LHG给药组(LHG-L180501)、对照dHG组(dHG10092)和对照达肝素钠组，小鼠体重(A)略有增加，造模后的肺部肿瘤体积(B)、终点时的瘤重(C)与荧光信号强度(D)都呈现出显著的下降，所有给药组相对于对照组，统计学的P值小于0.001；另外，活体小鼠、肺和肿瘤的IVIS图像如图9中E和F所示，对比于对照组肿瘤细胞的荧光信号强烈，各给药组的荧光信号均显著下降，说明肿瘤细胞被很好的抑制或杀死了。以上结果，说明LHG(LHG-L180501)以及dHG(dHG10092)和达肝素钠这三种硫酸化多糖，均能显著抑制小鼠体内胰腺癌细胞的肺转移，具有抗肿瘤或抗肿瘤转移的作用。
此外，相比于对照dHG组和对照达肝素钠组，LHG给药组(LHG-L180501)在肺部肿瘤体积(B)、终点时的瘤重(C)与荧光信号强度(D)上，都呈现出显著的下降，P<0.001或P<0.05；同样地，图9E-F所示的活体小鼠、肺和肿瘤的IVIS图像所示，LHG给药组(LHG-L180501)荧光瘤信号几乎完全消失，显著优于对照dHG组(dHG10092)和对照达肝素钠组。本结果说明，LHG抑制小鼠体内胰腺癌细胞肺转移的作用强于dHG或达肝素钠，潜在地，可应用于预防和治疗肿瘤或肿瘤转移相关疾病。
实施例12：LHG对东莨菪碱模型大鼠学习记忆的影响
本实施例主要考察LHG东莨菪碱模型大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用。
东莨菪碱是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，注射东莨菪碱的大鼠学习记忆能力减弱，空间认知能力下降，兴奋性却异常增强，行为符合老年痴呆患者的早期临床症状，故常被作为老年性痴呆的动物模型进行研究。
1.实验材料：
受试化合物：LHG(批号：LHG-L180501)，来自上述实施例1。
动物：SD大鼠，250g±50g，雄性。
2.实验方法：
分组及剂量：正常对照组；东莨菪碱模型组(SCOP模型组)；阳性对照组(多奈哌齐，1mg/Kg)；LHG药物组(30mg/Kg)。
给药方式：灌胃。实验前连续给药2周，正常对照及模型组分别给予等体积蒸馏水，第9天Morris训练，2次/天。于第14天进行Morris水迷宫和跳台测试。
造模方法和学习记忆测试：实验当天，大鼠灌胃给药30min后，腹腔注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱(2mg/Kg连续2天后，第3天改为2mg/Kg)20min后进行Morris水迷宫测试，正常对照组腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。通过摄像头跟踪大鼠的游泳成绩，计算机自动记录大鼠在90s内的行程，时间及运动速度，计算出寻找站台的逃避潜伏期和游泳距离。
跳台试验：第一天学习训练，第二天重复测试，于测试前20min大鼠一次性腹腔注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱(5mg/Kg)，记录大鼠第一次跳下平台的潜伏期(SDL)、逃避电击的潜伏期(EL)。
3.实验结果：
(1)LHG对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠Morris水迷宫实验的影响
表11为LHG对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠Morris水迷宫实验的影响结果。
表11 LHG对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠Morris水迷宫实验的影响
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000015
备注：与SCOP模型组相比，*表示P<0.05，**表示P<0.01。
如表11所示，在Morris水迷宫实验中，LHG药物组对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠有明显改善，逃避潜伏期和游泳距离都有明显缩短，与SCOP模型组相比，P值<0.05，且LHG药物组的改善情况与阳性药物(多奈哌齐)组相当。
(2)LHG对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠跳台实验的影响
表12是LHG对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠跳台实验的影响结果。
表12 LHG对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠跳台实验的影响
Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-000016
备注：与SCOP模型组相比，*表示P<0.05。
如表12所示，在大鼠跳台试验中，LHG药物组对东莨菪碱致记忆障碍模型大鼠有明显改善，大鼠平均第一次跳下平台的潜伏期显著延长，而逃避电击的潜伏期则明显缩短，与 SCOP模型组相比，P值<0.01，且LHG药物组的改善情况相当或优于阳性药物(多奈哌齐)组。
以上结果显示，LHG对东莨菪碱模型大鼠学习记忆能力有改善作用，潜在地，可用作临床老年痴呆症相关疾病的治疗。
实施例的作用与效果
根据实施例2至实施例7的结果可知，本发明的LHG在分子结构方面，除了保留HG衍生物的主链、支链和糖单元结构特征外，还存在两处独有的特征：一是主链GlcA的2-位存在硫酸酯修饰(GlcA2S，比例为10％～30％)，二是支链Fuc的2-位存在乙酰酯修饰(Fuc2Ac，比例为10％～30％)，该两种结构特征迄今未见报道。
根据实施例2和实施例8的结果可知，LHG的抗凝血活性低，其不具有抗凝血因子Xa的活力且诱导血小板聚集的活性弱，因此应用安全性高。该结果说明本发明的LHG具有应用于心血管疾病甚至抗肿瘤疾病的预防与治疗的潜力。
根据实施例9的结果可知，本发明的LHG在作用于以二甲苯致耳廓肿胀的小鼠时，能够显著降低耳廓肿胀度，抗炎效果达到或优于地塞米松，说明LHG具有用于预防或治疗炎症的潜力。
根据实施例10的结果可知，本发明的LHG在作用于链脲佐菌素致糖尿病模型大鼠的血管病变时，能够抑制AGEs-RAGE系统激活，降低血清中VCAM-1、ICAM-1和NO含量，减轻主动脉病变情况，且其改善血管病变作用明显优于dHG，说明本发明的LHG具有应用于预防和治疗血管病变相关疾病的潜力。
根据实施例11的结果可知，本发明的LHG在作用于胰腺癌肺转移模型小鼠时，能够显著抑制或杀死转移后的癌症细胞，抗肿瘤或抗肿瘤转移作用优于dHG和达肝素钠，说明本发明的LHG具有应用于预防和治疗肿瘤或肿瘤转移相关疾病的潜力。
根据实施例12的结果可知，本发明的LHG在作用于东莨菪碱模型大鼠时，能够显著改善大鼠学习记忆能力，效果相当或优于多奈哌齐，说明本发明的LHG具有用于预防或治疗老年痴呆症相关疾病的潜力。
此外，根据实施例1可知，本发明的LHG制备方法中，首先是直接以阴离子树脂吸附和交换洗脱经蛋白酶酶解海参匀浆液释放的HG，它是基于目标物HG高度硫酸化修饰所携带的强负电荷特征，可以与常规少负电荷的蛋白质、脂肪和核酸等杂质分离开来，而且还可以通过改变洗脱盐的浓度达到提纯的目的，这种利用离子交换树脂的一步法提取技术极为简便高效，目前未见有文献报道。其次，在后续制备LHG的解聚阶段，本发明以乙酸/双氧水体系进行催化降解，并以HPLC中控检测分子量来监控反应进程，可以准确制备分子量在10000Da以下的低分子LHG，进一步地还可以定制任意分子量大小的LHG，方法科学可靠。再者，多批次大批量的LHG制备在收率上没有大的差异，均在0.6％～0.8％不等，本发明的原料可选用非刺参的低食用价值海参(光参)，价格便宜产量大且易于采购，除了提取并制备LHG外，更可以同时用于其他高价值副产物如海参蛋白、海参多肽与海参皂苷等的联合生产，经济价值巨大。
总之，本发明的LHG具有调节血小板活性、抗炎、抗血管病变、抗肿瘤或抗肿瘤转移以及改善学习记忆能力的作用，因此可以使用LHG为活性物质，以药学上或保健品行业可 接受的载体，制备药物或保健品组合物，用于预防和治疗炎症、血管病变、肿瘤、老年痴呆等相关疾病。
最后说明的是，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例的描述范围，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种低分子海参糖胺聚糖，其特征在于，所述低分子海参糖胺聚糖的结构如下式所示：
    Figure PCTCN2019119414-appb-100001
    其中，所述低分子海参糖胺聚糖的组成单元为葡萄糖醛酸基、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖基和岩藻糖基以及它们的硫酸酯钠或乙酰酯或钠，
    所述葡萄糖醛酸和所述N-乙酰氨基半乳糖通过β(1-3)及β(1-4)糖苷键交互连接形成二糖重复结构单元的主链，所述岩藻糖基以侧链形式连接于所述主链，
    以摩尔比计，葡萄糖醛酸基：N-乙酰氨基半乳糖基：岩藻糖基的比值为1:(0.8～1.2):(0.6～1.2)，
    所述低分子海参糖胺聚糖的结构式中，n＝1～32，
    -R1、-R2、-R4和-R6均为羟基或硫酸酯钠，
    -R3中的10％～30％为硫酸酯钠，其余为羟基，
    -R5中的10％～30％为乙酰酯，其余为羟基或硫酸酯钠。
  2. 低分子海参糖胺聚糖的钾盐或钙盐或锂盐或锌盐形式，其特征在于，具有如权利要求1所述的结构，但钠被置换为相应的钾或钙 或锂或锌。
  3. 如权利要求1和权利要求2任一项所述的低分子海参糖胺聚糖在制备用于预防或治疗炎症的药物或保健品中的应用。
  4. 如权利要求1和权利要求2任一项所述的低分子海参糖胺聚糖在制备用于预防或治疗血管病变相关疾病的药物或保健品中的应用。
  5. 如权利要求1和权利要求2任一项所述的低分子海参糖胺聚糖在制备用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关疾病的药物或保健品中的应用。
  6. 如权利要求1和权利要求2任一项所述的低分子海参糖胺聚糖在制备用于预防或治疗老年痴呆的药物或保健品中的应用。
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