WO2021079868A1 - レーザー印字可能なフィルムおよびそれを用いた包装体 - Google Patents
レーザー印字可能なフィルムおよびそれを用いた包装体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021079868A1 WO2021079868A1 PCT/JP2020/039354 JP2020039354W WO2021079868A1 WO 2021079868 A1 WO2021079868 A1 WO 2021079868A1 JP 2020039354 W JP2020039354 W JP 2020039354W WO 2021079868 A1 WO2021079868 A1 WO 2021079868A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film that can be suitably used for a package including a display such as printing.
- the present invention relates to a polyester-based film that can be printed by a laser, and also relates to a packaging material including a lid material and a label corresponding thereto.
- packaging has been used for distribution articles represented by foods, pharmaceuticals and industrial products. Many of these packages not only protect the contents, but also display information on the product name, date of manufacture, raw materials, and the like.
- a label in which an adhesive is applied to the back surface of a base material that can be printed by ink, thermal transfer, or the like is used. It has been widely used.
- the tack label is attached to a release paper (mounting paper) in a state where information is printed on the front surface which is a display surface in advance, and when used, it is peeled off from the backing paper and attached to the packaging body.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a heat-sensitive film having a heat-sensitive recording layer. Since the film of Patent Document 2 is discolored by heat, it becomes a packaging body having display performance by itself. Therefore, it is not necessary to use the above tack label. Further, by incorporating a printing machine such as a thermal printer into the process of bag-making a package using a film as in Patent Document 2, bag-making and display are completed in one process, which saves labor and costs. Also contributes to. Because of these merits, the method of printing directly on the packaging itself has recently become widespread. However, if the heat-sensitive layer is provided on the film as the base material, there is a concern that the heat-sensitive layer may be peeled off due to rubbing against the outside or the like.
- a protective layer is usually provided on the heat-sensitive layer (surface layer side).
- Coatings are widely used as a means of providing these functional layers. Since the coating goes through at least the steps of coating, drying, and winding, the number of steps increases by the amount of each functional layer, and the productivity decreases. Further, since these functional layers have particles, there is a problem that the transparency is lowered according to the layer thickness.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a multi-layer laminated film for laser printing, which includes a layer in which the printing layer is made of an ink composition that can be printed by laser light. By using this film, the laser-irradiated portion is discolored and can be printed.
- the multilayer laminated film such as the film of Patent Document 3 needs to provide a printing layer on the film base material, so that the problems of layer peeling and productivity decrease cannot be solved.
- Patent Document 4 discloses an additive for laser marking composed of bismuth oxide.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a polyester film that is colored by laser light.
- This film has a surface roughness of 0.10 to 1.00 ⁇ m, and at least one of the outermost surfaces has a matte finish. Therefore, there is a problem that it cannot be applied in applications where transparency and printability are required. Further, Patent Document 5 does not mention the thickness unevenness of the film.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a film having high transparency, excellent thickness unevenness, and capable of clear printing by a laser. At the same time, an object of the present invention is to provide a package directly printed using this film.
- the present invention has the following configuration. 1. 1. It has at least one layer capable of printing by laser irradiation, the entire film layer contains a metal capable of laser printing at 100 ppm or more and 3000 ppm or less, and the haze is 1% or more and 40% or less. A polyester-based film characterized by. 2. 1. As a metal capable of printing by laser irradiation, at least one kind of bismuth, gadolinium, neodymium, titanium, antimony, tin, aluminum, or any one of oxides is contained. The polyester film described in. 3. 3. 1. The thickness of the layer capable of printing by laser irradiation is 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. Or 2. The polyester film according to any one. 4. 1.
- the color L * value is 90 or more and 95 or less and the color b * value is 0.1 or more and 2 or less.
- ⁇ 3. The polyester film according to any one. 5. 1. The thickness unevenness in either the longitudinal direction or the width direction is 0.1% or more and 20% or less. ⁇ 4. The polyester film according to any one. 6. 1. A layer that is not printed by laser irradiation is provided on at least one layer adjacent to a layer that can be printed by laser irradiation. ⁇ 5. The polyester film according to any one. 7. 1. The higher value of the refractive index (Nx or Ny) in either the longitudinal direction or the width direction is 1.63 or more. ⁇ 6. The polyester film according to any one. 8. 1. The heat shrinkage rate after exposure to hot air at 140 ° C.
- the film of the present invention can provide a film having high transparency, excellent thickness unevenness, and capable of clear printing by a laser.
- the subject of the present invention is to be able to provide a package directly printed using this film.
- the polyester-based film of the present invention has at least one layer capable of printing by laser irradiation, and has the following preferable characteristics and a preferable configuration.
- Pigment for Laser Printing In order to make the film of the present invention laser printable, it is necessary to add a pigment having a function of discoloring the film by laser irradiation (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as a pigment). is there. Normally, the polyester resin itself that constitutes the film hardly reacts to laser light, and therefore cannot be printed by laser irradiation. The pigment is excited by the energy of the laser beam and carbonizes the surrounding polyester resin (preferable conditions for laser irradiation will be described later). In addition to the carbonization of polyester resin, some pigments themselves turn black depending on the type of pigment. These single or composite color changes make it possible to print on film. Considering the printing accuracy on the film, it is preferable to use a pigment that discolors itself.
- the type of pigment examples include elemental substances of bismuth, gadolinium, neodymium, titanium, antimony, tin, and aluminum, or oxides.
- the particle size of the pigment is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. If the particle size of the pigment is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the color change during laser irradiation may not be sufficient. Further, when the particle size exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the haze of the film tends to exceed 40% and the color b value tends to exceed 2.
- the particle size is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 9 ⁇ m or less.
- TOMATEC COLOR manufactured by Tokan Material Technology
- Iriotec registered trademark
- Merck Performance Materials manufactured by Merck Performance Materials
- the amount of pigment added into the laser printing layer needs to be 100 ppm or more and 3000 ppm or less. If the amount of the pigment added is less than 100 ppm, the printing density by the laser becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the amount of the pigment added exceeds 3000 ppm, the haze, color value, and thickness unevenness of the film tend to exceed a predetermined range, which is not preferable.
- the effect of pigment addition on haze and color value occurs because the pigment particles scatter light in addition to the fact that the pigment itself is colored. In addition, when the film is stretched, the inclusion of pigment particles causes a phenomenon in which the thickness unevenness of the film is deteriorated.
- FIG. 3 (b) of Non-Patent Document 1 shows a stretch-strain curve of a polyethylene terephthalate film to which titanium dioxide as fine particles has been added, and the stress at the end of stretching increases as the concentration of titanium dioxide added increases. It has been shown to decrease. It is considered that this is because the presence of the fine particles suppresses the orientation crystallization of the polymer chains that occurs during stretching, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 of Non-Patent Document 1. Since the thickness unevenness of the film becomes better as the stretching stress increases, it can be said that the thickness unevenness worsens as the addition concentration of the fine particles increases.
- the amount of the pigment added is more preferably 150 ppm or more and 2950 ppm or less, and further preferably 200 ppm or more and 2900 ppm or less. Further, in the present invention, the amount of the pigment added per whole layer of the film may be 100 ppm or more and 3000 ppm or less.
- the amount of pigment converted per all layers of the film is calculated to be smaller than the amount of the laser printing layer.
- most of the thickness of all layers (50% or more) is composed of the laser printing layer, and when the thickness of the other layers is increased, the laser printing layer becomes relatively thin and the printing accuracy is improved. Considering the sacrifice point, the amount of pigment converted per all layers of the film may be approximated to the amount of pigment contained in the laser printing layer.
- a method of blending the laser pigment into the polyester resin constituting the film of the present invention for example, it can be added at any stage in the production of the polyester resin.
- a method of blending is preferable.
- polyester raw material constituting the film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer type having an ester bond, and can be freely used as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention.
- polyester raw materials include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polylactic acid (PLA), and the like.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PBN polybutylene naphthalate
- PLA polylactic acid
- PBS polyethylene furanoate
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- modified polyesters in which the monomers of these acid or diol moieties are modified may be used.
- the acid moiety monomer include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and orthophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and decandicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and orthophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and decandicarboxylic acid.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids.
- Examples of the monomer of the diol moiety include neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol, 2,2-diethyl 1,3-propanediol, and 2-n-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-.
- Long-chain diols such as propanediol, 2,2-isopropyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-di-n-butyl-1,3-propanediol, hexanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and hexanediol.
- polyester raw material listed above a plurality of types of homopolyester in which a carboxylic acid monomer and a diol monomer are polymerized in a one-to-one ratio may be mixed (dry blended), or two or more types of carboxylics may be used.
- An acid monomer or two or more kinds of diol monomers may be copolymerized and used. Further, the homopolyester and the copolymerized polyester may be mixed and used.
- additives other than laser pigments in the polyester resin constituting the film of the present invention, various additives such as waxes, antioxidants, antistatic agents, crystal nucleating agents, thickeners, etc.
- a heat stabilizer, a coloring pigment, a coloring inhibitor, an ultraviolet absorber, and the like can be added.
- fine particles as a lubricant for improving the slipperiness of the film to at least the outermost layer of the film. Any fine particles can be selected.
- examples of the inorganic fine particles include silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and barium sulfate
- examples of the organic fine particles include acrylic resin particles, melamine resin particles, silicone resin particles, and crosslinked polystyrene. Particles and the like can be mentioned.
- the average particle size of the fine particles can be appropriately selected within the range of 0.05 to 3.0 ⁇ m when measured with a Coulter counter, if necessary.
- the lower limit of the fine particle content in the film is preferably 0.01% by weight, more preferably 0.015% by weight, and even more preferably 0.02% by weight. If it is less than 0.01% by weight, the slipperiness may decrease.
- the upper limit is preferably 1% by weight, more preferably 0.2% by weight, and even more preferably 0.1% by weight. If it exceeds 1% by weight, the transparency may decrease, which is not preferable.
- a method of blending particles into the polyester resin constituting the film of the present invention for example, it can be added at any stage of producing a polyester resin, but it is heavy at the stage of esterification or after the completion of the transesterification reaction. It is preferable to add it as a slurry dispersed in ethylene glycol or the like at a stage before the start of the condensation reaction to proceed with the polycondensation reaction.
- a method of blending a slurry of particles dispersed in ethylene glycol, water, or other solvent with a polyester resin raw material using a kneading extruder with a vent, or using a kneading extruder of dried particles and polyester is also a method of blending.
- Layer structure of film 2.1 Layer structure
- the film of the present invention is described in 1.1. It is necessary to have at least one layer capable of printing by laser irradiation (hereinafter referred to as a laser printing layer) containing the pigment described in "Pigment for laser printing".
- a laser printing layer As the layer structure of the film, it may be a single layer having only a laser printing layer, or a layer other than the laser printing layer may be laminated.
- laser printing is achieved by carbonizing the polyester resin that constitutes the laser printing layer. Therefore, in the case of a single-layer structure consisting of only a laser printing layer, when the printed portion is touched with a finger or the like, the touch feeling tends to be rough.
- the most preferable layer structure is a layer that does not react to laser irradiation, and has a two-kind three-layer structure in which a laser printing layer is sandwiched (used as a central layer).
- the film of the present invention may be provided with a layer that has been subjected to corona treatment, coating treatment, flame treatment, etc. in order to improve the printability and slipperiness of the film surface, and is within the range that does not deviate from the requirements of the present invention. Can be provided arbitrarily with.
- the layer structure of the film is 2 types and 3 layers
- the central layer is a laser printing layer, and for example, the outermost layer may contain a lubricant or be subjected to corona treatment, so that each layer can have a different function.
- the film of the present invention may be provided with a gas barrier layer.
- the presence of the gas barrier layer improves the gas barrier property as a film and can improve the shelf life of the contents when used as a package.
- the gas barrier layer is preferably composed of an inorganic thin film containing a metal or a metal oxide as a main component, and may be located on either the outermost layer or the intermediate layer. Further, the gas barrier layer is preferably transparent. Further, in addition to the gas barrier made of the inorganic thin film, the present invention has an anchor coat layer provided under the inorganic thin film layer (between the film made of resin and the inorganic thin film) and an overcoat layer provided on the inorganic thin film layer. May be. By providing these layers, it is expected that the adhesion between the gas barrier layer and the film layer will be improved, the gas barrier property will be improved, and the like. The configuration requirements for each layer will be described later.
- the film of the present invention may be provided with characters or patterns in addition to printing by laser irradiation.
- known materials such as ink for gravure printing and ink for flexographic printing can be used.
- the number of printing layers may be one layer or a plurality of layers.
- the thickness of the laser printing layer is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the laser printing layer is less than 5 ⁇ m, the printing density when irradiated with laser light is lowered, and it becomes difficult to visually recognize the characters, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the thickness of the laser printing layer exceeds 100 ⁇ m, haze and color values tend to exceed a predetermined range, which is not preferable.
- the thickness of the laser printing layer is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 95 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 15 ⁇ m or more and 90 ⁇ m or less.
- the film of the present invention preferably has a haze of 1% or more and 40% or less. If the haze exceeds 40%, the transparency of the film is lost, the visibility of the contents is deteriorated when it is used as a package, and the characters obtained by laser irradiation are difficult to see, which is not preferable. In contrast to the technique of discoloration by simple laser marking conventionally disclosed, the film of the present invention needs to be able to read characters produced by laser irradiation, and therefore requires a high degree of sharpness.
- the haze is more preferably 35% or less, and even more preferably 30% or less. On the other hand, the lower the haze value, the better the transparency, which is preferable. However, at the technical level of the present invention, 1% is the lower limit, and even if the lower limit is 2%, it is practically sufficient.
- the film of the present invention preferably has a color L * value of 90 or more and 95 or less.
- the color L * value represents the lightness of the film, and the higher the value, the higher the lightness. If the color L * value is less than 90, the film will have a dull hue, and not only will it look inferior when it is packaged, but also the characters obtained by laser irradiation will be difficult to see. Not preferable. Similar to the content described in the haze above, the film of the present invention requires a high degree of sharpness because it is necessary to be able to read the characters produced by laser irradiation.
- the color L * value is more preferably 90.5 or more, and further preferably 91 or more.
- the upper limit of the color L * value is 95 at the technical level of the present invention, and even if the upper limit is 94.5, it is practically sufficient.
- Color b * value The film of the present invention preferably has a color b * value of 0.1 or more and 2 or less.
- the color b * value represents the yellowness of the film, and the higher the value, the greater the yellowness.
- the color b * value is 2 or more, the color tone of the film becomes strongly yellowish. It is not preferable to use such a film because, for example, after the printing process, the yellowish color becomes stronger than the initially assumed printing hue, and problems such as deterioration of the design property are likely to occur.
- the color b * value is more preferably 1.8 or less, and further preferably 1.6 or less.
- the lower limit of the color b * value is 0.1 at the technical level of the present invention, and even if the lower limit is 0.2, it is practically sufficient.
- Thickness spots The film of the present invention preferably has thickness spots of 0.1% or more and 20% or less in either the longitudinal direction or the width direction.
- the thickness unevenness here refers to a value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value by an average value when the thickness of the film is measured over an arbitrary length using a continuous contact type thickness gauge. The smaller the value of the thickness spot, the better the thickness accuracy. If the thickness unevenness exceeds 20%, winding defects such as wrinkles, sagging, and unevenness are likely to occur when the roll is wound, which is not preferable.
- the thickness unevenness is more preferably 18% or less, and further preferably 16% or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness unevenness 0.1% is the limit at the technical level of the present invention. It is sufficient that the lower limit of the thickness spot is 1%. It is more preferable that the thickness is within the above-mentioned thickness spots in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction.
- the thickness of all layers of the film of the present invention is preferably 8 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the film is thinner than 8 ⁇ m, the handleability is deteriorated and it becomes difficult to handle during secondary processing such as printing, which is not preferable. On the other hand, the film thickness may exceed 200 ⁇ m, but this is not preferable because the weight of the film used increases and the chemical cost increases.
- the thickness of the film is more preferably 13 ⁇ m or more and 195 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 18 ⁇ m or more and 190 ⁇ m or less.
- the film of the present invention preferably has a higher refractive index (Nx or Ny) in either the longitudinal direction or the width direction, which is 1.63 or more.
- the refractive index refers to the molecular orientation of the film, and the higher the refractive index, the higher the molecular orientation. Especially in a stretched film, the higher the stretching stress, the higher the refractive index tends to be. 1.1 above. Considering the relationship between the stretching stress and the thickness unevenness described in "Pigment for laser printing", it is preferable to set the refractive index to 1.63 or more because the thickness unevenness can be easily reduced to 20% or less.
- the refractive index is 1.63 or more because the tensile breaking strength of the film can be easily set to 80 MPa or more.
- the refractive index is more preferably 1.635 or more, and even more preferably 1.64 or more.
- the film of the present invention preferably has a heat shrinkage rate of 0.5% or more and 8% or less after being exposed to hot air at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes in either the longitudinal direction or the width direction. If the heat shrinkage rate exceeds 8%, the film is easily deformed during processing including heating such as heat sealing, which is not preferable.
- the upper limit of the heat shrinkage rate is more preferably 7.8% or less, and more preferably 7.6% or less.
- the lower the heat shrinkage rate the more preferable, but at the technical level of the present invention, 0.5% is the lower limit. Even if the lower limit of the heat shrinkage rate is 0.7%, it is sufficient for practical use. It is more preferable that the heat shrinkage rate is within the above range in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction.
- the film of the present invention preferably has a tensile breaking strength of 80 MPa or more and 300 MPa in either the longitudinal direction or the width direction. If the tensile breaking strength is less than 80 MPa, it is not preferable because it is easily broken by the tension received from the pass line when unwinding on the production line during secondary processing such as printing, vapor deposition, and laminating. On the other hand, the higher the tensile breaking strength, the higher the mechanical strength of the film, which is preferable, but at the technical level of the present invention, 300 MPa is the upper limit. For practical purposes, an upper limit of 290 MPa is sufficient. It is more preferable that the tensile breaking strength is within the above range in both the longitudinal direction and the width direction.
- Intrinsic viscosity (IV) The film of the present invention preferably has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.5 dL / g or more and 0.9 dL / g. If the IV is less than 0.5 dL / g, it is not only difficult to make the tensile fracture strength of the film 80 MPa or more, but also the possibility of breakage in the stretching step during film formation increases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if IV exceeds 0.9 dL / g, the resin pressure in the melt line becomes too high when the raw material resin is mixed and melt-extruded, and the filter is deformed to remove foreign substances in the molten resin. Is not preferable because it is likely to occur.
- the IV of the heat seal layer is more preferably 0.52 dL / g or more and 0.88 dL / g or less, and further preferably 0.54 dL / g or more and 0.86 dL / g or less.
- the film needs to contain a pigment that can be printed by laser irradiation. Since the pigment is preferably used in a masterbatch, two or more kinds of raw materials are usually mixed. Conventionally, when two or more kinds of raw materials are mixed and put into an extruder, there has been a problem that the supply of raw materials varies (segregates), which worsens the thickness unevenness.
- the film of the present invention has the above 1.
- the raw materials described in "Raw materials constituting the film” are used in the above 4.1. Obtained by supplying the raw material to the extruder by the method described in "Raw Material Mixing and Supply”, melt-extruding the raw material from the extruder to form an unstretched film, and stretching the raw material by a predetermined method shown below. be able to.
- the timing of laminating each layer may be before or after stretching.
- laminating before stretching it is preferable to adopt a method in which the resins used as raw materials for each layer are melt-extruded by separate extrusion machines and joined using a feed block or the like in the middle of the resin flow path.
- laminating after stretching it is preferable to employ laminating in which films formed separately are bonded together with an adhesive, or extrusion laminating in which a molten polyester resin is poured and laminated on the surface layer of a single or laminated film. From the viewpoint of productivity, a method of laminating each layer before stretching is preferable.
- the polyester raw material is preferably dried in advance using a dryer such as a hopper dryer or a paddle dryer, or a vacuum dryer until the moisture content is 100 ppm or less, more preferably 90 ppm or less, and further preferably 80 ppm or less. After the polyester raw material is dried in this way, it is extruded as a film by an extruder.
- a dryer such as a hopper dryer or a paddle dryer, or a vacuum dryer until the moisture content is 100 ppm or less, more preferably 90 ppm or less, and further preferably 80 ppm or less.
- the extrusion temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower.
- the extrusion temperature is less than 200 ° C., the melt viscosity of the polyester resin becomes too high, the extrusion pressure increases, and the filter in the melt line is deformed, which is not preferable.
- the heating temperature exceeds 300 ° C., thermal decomposition of the resin proceeds, and it becomes difficult to set IV to 0.5 dL / g or more.
- the shear rate when the resin is discharged from the die mouth portion is high because the thickness unevenness (particularly the maximum recess) in the width direction of the film can be reduced. This is because the higher the shear rate, the more stable the pressure at the time of resin discharge at the T-die outlet.
- Preferred shear rate was 100 sec -1 or more, more preferably 150 sec -1 or more, and particularly preferably 170Sec -1 or more.
- a higher draft ratio is preferable because the thickness unevenness in the longitudinal direction is better, but a high draft ratio is not preferable because resin residue or the like adheres to the resin discharge portion of the die and productivity is deteriorated.
- the shear rate at the die outlet can be obtained from the following equation 1.
- the unstretched film can be obtained by quenching the film melted by extrusion.
- a method for rapidly cooling the molten resin a method of casting the molten resin from a base onto a rotating drum and quenching and solidifying the molten resin to obtain a substantially unoriented resin sheet can be preferably adopted.
- the film may be formed by any method of non-stretching, uniaxial stretching (stretching in at least one of the longitudinal (longitudinal) direction and the horizontal (width) direction), and biaxial stretching. From the viewpoint of mechanical strength and productivity, uniaxial stretching is preferable, and biaxial stretching is more preferable.
- the description will be focused on the sequential biaxial stretching method by longitudinal stretching-transverse stretching in which longitudinal stretching is first performed and then transverse stretching is performed. However, even in the case of transverse stretching-longitudinal stretching in which the order is reversed. It doesn't matter because it only changes the main orientation direction. Further, a simultaneous biaxial stretching method in which the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are stretched at the same time may be used.
- First (longitudinal) stretching For stretching in the first direction (longitudinal or longitudinal direction), it is preferable to introduce the unstretched film into a longitudinal stretching machine in which a plurality of roll groups are continuously arranged. In the longitudinal stretching, it is preferable to preheat the film with a preheating roll until the film temperature reaches 65 ° C. to 100 ° C. If the film temperature is lower than 65 ° C., it becomes difficult to stretch the film when it is stretched in the vertical direction, and breakage is likely to occur, which is not preferable. Further, if the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the film tends to adhere to the roll, and the film is easily wrapped around the roll or the roll is easily soiled due to continuous production, which is not preferable.
- the longitudinal stretching ratio is preferably 1 to 5 times or less. Since 1x is not longitudinally stretched, the longitudinal stretching ratio is 1x to obtain a horizontally uniaxially stretched film, and 1.1 times or more is required to obtain a biaxially stretched film.
- the longitudinal stretching ratio is preferably 2.5 times or more. As described in "1.1. Pigments for laser printing", the thickness unevenness improves as the stretching stress increases.
- the orientation crystallization of the film can be promoted and the draw stress can be increased.
- the upper limit of the longitudinal stretching ratio may be any number, but if the longitudinal stretching ratio is too high, it becomes difficult to laterally stretch and fracture is likely to occur, so it is preferably 5 times or less.
- the longitudinal stretching ratio is more preferably 2.2 times or more and 4.8 times or less, and further preferably 2.4 times or more and 4.6 times or less.
- Second (horizontal) stretching After the first (longitudinal) stretching, the film is gripped by clips at both ends in the width direction (direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction) in the tenter, and 3 to 5 at 65 ° C to 130 ° C. It is preferable to perform transverse stretching at a stretching ratio of about twice. Preheating is preferably performed before stretching in the lateral direction, and preheating is preferably performed until the film surface temperature reaches 70 ° C. to 135 ° C. The higher the lateral stretching ratio, the better the thickness unevenness. Therefore, the stretching ratio is preferably 2.5 times or more. As described in "4.2. Longitudinal stretching", the higher the stretching ratio, the higher the stretching stress, so that the thickness unevenness is improved.
- the transverse stretching ratio is more preferably 2.7 times or more and 5.3 times or less, and more preferably 2.9 times or more and 5.1 times or less. Since the stretching speed is different between the longitudinal stretching and the transverse stretching (the stretching speed is faster in the longitudinal stretching), the range of the preferable stretching ratio is different. After transverse stretching, it is preferable to pass the film through an intermediate zone where no aggressive heating operation is performed. Since the temperature is higher in the next final heat treatment zone than in the transverse stretching zone of the tenter, the heat of the final heat treatment zone (hot air itself or radiant heat) will flow into the transverse stretching process unless the intermediate zone is provided.
- the film after the transverse stretching is passed through the intermediate zone to allow a predetermined time to elapse, and then the final heat treatment is performed.
- the accompanying flow accompanying the running of the film, the lateral stretching zone, and the final so that when the strip-shaped piece of paper hangs down without passing through the film, the piece of paper hangs down almost completely in the vertical direction. It is important to block hot air from the heat treatment zone. It is sufficient that the transit time of the intermediate zone is about 1 second to 5 seconds. If it is shorter than 1 second, the length of the intermediate zone becomes insufficient and the heat blocking effect is insufficient. On the other hand, it is preferable that the intermediate zone is long, but if it is too long, the equipment will become large, so about 5 seconds is sufficient.
- the heat treatment intermediate zone After passing through the heat treatment intermediate zone, it is preferable to heat-treat at 170 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower in the heat treatment zone. Since the heat treatment promotes the crystallization of the film, not only the heat shrinkage rate generated in the stretching step can be reduced, but also the tensile breaking strength tends to increase. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 150 ° C., it is difficult to set the heat shrinkage rate to 3% or less and the tensile breaking strength to 80 MPa, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the heat treatment temperature exceeds 250 ° C., the haze tends to exceed 40%, which is not preferable.
- the heat treatment temperature is more preferably 175 ° C. or higher and 245 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 180 ° C. or higher and 240 ° C. or lower.
- the passage time of the heat treatment zone is preferably 2 seconds or more and 20 seconds or less. If the passing time is 2 seconds or less, the surface temperature of the film passes through the heat treatment zone without reaching the set temperature, which makes the heat treatment meaningless. The longer the transit time, the higher the effect of the heat treatment, so 5 seconds or more is more preferable. However, if the transit time is to be lengthened, the equipment will become huge, so 20 seconds or less is sufficient for practical use.
- the heat shrinkage rate in the width direction can be reduced by reducing the distance between the clips of the tenter at an arbitrary magnification (relaxation in the width direction). Therefore, in the final heat treatment, it is preferable to relax in the width direction in the range of 0% or more and 10% or less (a relaxation rate of 0% means that relaxation is not performed).
- a relaxation rate of 0% means that relaxation is not performed.
- the higher the relaxation rate in the width direction, the lower the shrinkage rate in the width direction, but the upper limit of the relaxation rate (shrinkage rate in the width direction of the film immediately after lateral stretching) is the raw material used, the stretching conditions in the width direction, and the heat treatment temperature. It is not possible to carry out relaxation beyond this, as it is determined by.
- the relaxation rate in the width direction is limited to 10%.
- the distance between the clips in the longitudinal direction can be shortened by an arbitrary magnification (relaxation in the longitudinal direction).
- a film roll After passing through the cooling heat treatment zone, it is preferable to cool the film in the cooling zone with a cooling air of 10 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower with a passing time of 2 seconds or more and 20 seconds or less. After that, a film roll can be obtained by winding while cutting and removing both ends of the film.
- Gas barrier layer The film of the present invention may be provided with a gas barrier layer mainly composed of an inorganic thin film.
- a film provided with a gas barrier layer of the present invention is referred to as a "gas barrier layer laminate”.
- gas barrier layer laminate 5.1.1. Water vapor permeability
- the gas barrier laminate using the film of the present invention has a water vapor permeability of 0.05 [g / (m 2 ⁇ d)] or more and 4 [g / g /) in an environment of a temperature of 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% RH. (M 2 ⁇ d)] or less is preferable. If the water vapor permeability exceeds 4 [g / (m 2 ⁇ d)], the shelf life of the contents will be shortened when used as a package containing the contents, which is not preferable.
- the water vapor permeability is smaller than 0.05 [g / (m 2 ⁇ d)], the gas barrier property is enhanced and the shelf life of the contents is extended, which is preferable.
- / (M 2 ⁇ d)] is the lower limit. Even if the lower limit of water vapor permeability is 0.05 [g / (m 2 ⁇ d)], it can be said that it is practically sufficient.
- the upper limit of the water vapor permeability is preferably 3.8 [g / (m 2 ⁇ d)], more preferably 3.6 [g / (m 2 ⁇ d)].
- the gas barrier laminate using the film of the present invention has an oxygen permeability of 0.05 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)] or more in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65% RH 4 [ cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)] or less is preferable. If the oxygen permeability exceeds 4 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)], the shelf life of the contents will be shortened, which is not preferable.
- the oxygen permeability is smaller than 0.05 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)]
- the gas barrier property is enhanced and the shelf life of the contents is extended, which is preferable.
- Is 0.05 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)] is the lower limit. Even if the lower limit of oxygen permeability is 0.05 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)], it can be said that it is practically sufficient.
- the upper limit of oxygen permeability is preferably 3.8 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)], more preferably 3.6 [cc / (m 2 ⁇ d ⁇ atm)].
- raw material species of the gas barrier layer are not particularly limited, conventionally known materials can be used, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose in order to satisfy desired gas barrier properties and the like.
- raw material species for the gas barrier layer include metals such as silicon, aluminum, tin, zinc, iron, and manganese, and inorganic compounds containing one or more of these metals.
- Applicable inorganic compounds include oxides and nitrides. , Carbide, fluoride and the like. These inorganic substances or inorganic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- silicon oxide (SiOx) and aluminum oxide (AlOx) are a single element (unit) or in combination (binary) because the transparency of the film provided with the gas barrier layer can be improved.
- the component of the inorganic compound is a binary substance of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide
- the content of aluminum oxide is preferably 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, and more preferably 25% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less. ..
- the content of aluminum oxide is 20% by mass or less, the density of the gas barrier layer is lowered and the gas barrier property may be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the content of aluminum oxide is 80% by mass or more, the flexibility of the gas barrier layer is lowered and cracks are likely to occur, and as a result, the gas barrier property may be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the element ratio of oxygen / metal of the metal oxide used for the gas barrier layer is 1.3 or more and less than 1.8, there is little variation in the gas barrier property, and it is preferable that excellent gas barrier property can always be obtained.
- the elemental ratio of oxygen / metal can be obtained by measuring the amounts of each element of oxygen and metal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and calculating the elemental ratio of oxygen / metal.
- Method for forming a gas barrier layer is not particularly limited, and a known production method can be adopted as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the known production methods it is preferable to adopt the vapor deposition method.
- the vapor deposition method include a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a PVD method (physical vapor deposition method) such as ion plating, a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method), and the like.
- the vacuum vapor deposition method and the physical vapor deposition method are preferable, and the vacuum vapor deposition method is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of production speed and stability.
- the heating method in the vacuum vapor deposition method resistance heating, high frequency induction heating, electron beam heating and the like can be used.
- the reactive gas oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor or the like may be introduced, or reactive vapor deposition using means such as ozone addition or ion assist may be used.
- the film forming conditions may be changed as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, such as applying a bias to the substrate or raising or cooling the substrate temperature.
- the film of the present invention is conveyed to the gas barrier layer manufacturing apparatus via a metal roll.
- An example of the configuration of the gas barrier layer manufacturing apparatus includes a take-up roll, a coating drum, a take-up roll, an electron beam gun, a crucible, and a vacuum pump.
- the film is set on a take-up roll and is taken up on a take-up roll via a coating drum.
- the film pass line (inside the gas barrier layer manufacturing equipment) is depressurized by a vacuum pump, and the inorganic material set in the crucible is evaporated by the beam emitted from the electron gun and deposited on the film passing through the coating drum.
- the film is heated and tension is also applied between the unwinding rolls. If the temperature applied to the film is too high, not only the thermal shrinkage of the film becomes large, but also the softening progresses, so that elongation deformation due to tension is likely to occur. Further, after leaving the vapor deposition process, the temperature drop (cooling) of the film becomes large, the amount of shrinkage after expansion (different from heat shrinkage) becomes large, cracks occur in the gas barrier layer, and it is difficult to exhibit the desired gas barrier property. Therefore, it is not preferable. On the other hand, the lower the temperature applied to the film, the more the deformation of the film is suppressed, which is preferable.
- the temperature applied to the film is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower, more preferably 110 ° C. or higher and 170 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 120 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower.
- Overcoat layer 6.1 Types of Overcoat Layer
- the film of the present invention or the gas barrier laminate using the film of the present invention (in this section 6., these are collectively referred to as a base film) is described in the above "5. Gas barrier layer”.
- an overcoat layer may be provided for the purpose of improving scratch resistance and further gas barrier property.
- the type of the overcoat layer is not particularly limited, but conventionally, a composition composed of a urethane resin and a silane coupling agent, a compound composed of an organosilicon and a hydrolyzate thereof, a water-soluble polymer having a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and the like have been conventionally used.
- a known material can be used, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose in order to satisfy the desired gas barrier property and the like.
- one or more kinds of additives are added to the overcoat layer for the purpose of imparting antistatic property, ultraviolet absorption, coloring, thermal stability, slipperiness, etc., as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the type and amount of the various additives may be appropriately selected according to the desired purpose.
- Method of forming an overcoat layer When forming an overcoat layer, the base film is conveyed to a coating facility via a metal roll.
- equipment configurations include unwinding rolls, coating steps, drying steps, and take-up steps.
- the laminate set on the unwinding roll is passed through the metal roll through the coating step and the drying step, and finally led to the take-up roll.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and the gravure coating method, reverse coating method, dipping method, low coating method, air knife coating method, comma coating method, screen printing method, spray coating method, gravure offset method, die coating method, bar coating method, etc.
- a conventionally known method can be adopted, and can be appropriately selected according to a desired purpose.
- the gravure coating method, the reverse coating method, and the bar coating method are preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the drying method one or a combination of two or more heating methods such as hot air drying, hot roll drying, high frequency irradiation, infrared irradiation, and UV irradiation can be used.
- the base film is heated and tension is also applied between the metal rolls. If the temperature at which the base film is heated in the drying step is too high, not only the heat shrinkage of the base film becomes large, but also the softening progresses, so that elongation deformation due to tension is likely to occur, and the gas barrier layer of the base film becomes Cracks are likely to occur. Furthermore, after leaving the drying process, the temperature drop (cooling) of the laminate increases, and the amount of shrinkage after expansion (different from heat shrinkage) increases accordingly, causing cracks in the gas barrier layer and overcoat layer. It is not preferable because it becomes difficult to satisfy the desired gas barrier property.
- the temperature at which the base film is heated is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower.
- the film of the present invention Structure of package, manufacturing method A film having the above characteristics, a laminate provided with the gas barrier layer described in “5. Gas barrier layer”, and a laminate provided with the overcoat layer described in “6. Overcoat layer” ( In Section 7., these are collectively referred to as "the film of the present invention"), which can be suitably used as a packaging body.
- the package include a bag made by a heat seal such as a vertical pillow, a horizontal pillow, and a gusset bag, and a fusing bag made by a fusing seal.
- the lid material of the plastic container and the label for the bottle formed in a tubular shape by the center seal are also included in the package.
- the film of the present invention can be made into a bag by itself, but other materials may be laminated.
- the other layer include a non-stretched film containing polyethylene terephthalate as a component, a non-stretched film containing another amorphous polyester as a component, a uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched film, and a non-stretched film containing nylon as a component.
- the other layer include uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched films, non-stretched films containing polypropylene as constituents, uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched films, non-stretched films containing polyethylene as constituent components, uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched films, and the like. It's not something.
- the package may be at least partially composed of the film of the present invention. Further, the film of the present invention may be provided on any layer of the package, but considering the visibility of printing, it is not preferable to arrange the opaque film on the outside of the film of the present invention.
- the method for producing the package having the film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and conventionally known production methods such as heat sealing using a heat bar (heat jaw), adhesion using a hot melt, and center sealing using a solvent are adopted. be able to.
- Types of lasers Examples of the types (wavelengths) of lasers to irradiate the film of the present invention include CO2 laser (10600 nm), YAG laser (1064 nm), YVO 4 laser (1064 nm), fiber laser (1090 nm), and green laser (532 nm). , UV laser (355 nm). These laser types are not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily used without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Among these, YAG laser, YVO 4 laser, a fiber laser, a green laser, the use of UV lasers are preferred, Nd: YAG lasers, fiber lasers, green laser, the use of UV lasers are particularly preferred.
- the packaging body having the film of the present invention can be suitably used as a packaging material for various articles such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products.
- a stainless steel autoclave equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and partial recirculation cooler contains 100 mol% of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) as a dicarboxylic acid component and 100 mol% of ethylene glycol (EG) as a polyhydric alcohol component.
- DMT dimethyl terephthalate
- EG ethylene glycol
- Ethylene glycol was charged so as to be 2.2 times the molar ratio of dimethyl terephthalate, and 0.05 mol% (relative to the acid component) of zinc acetate was used as a transesterification catalyst to distill off the produced methanol. While doing so, the transesterification reaction was carried out.
- polyester A was obtained.
- the polyester A is ethylene terephthalate.
- the composition of polyester A is shown in Table 1.
- Polyester A and laser pigment "IRIOTEC (registered trademark) 8825 (main components Sn, Sb)" (manufactured by Merck Performance Materials Co., Ltd.) are mixed (dry blended) at a weight ratio of 95: 5, and the same method as in Mixing Example 1 is used.
- Polyester C (master batch) was obtained.
- the intrinsic viscosity IV of polyester C was 0.72 dL / g.
- the composition of polyester C is shown in Table 1.
- Polyester A and polyester B were mixed at a mass ratio of 97: 3 as raw materials for the laser printing layer (A), and polyester A and polyester D were mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 as raw materials for the other layers (layer B).
- the mixed raw materials of the A layer and the B layer were put into separate screw extruders, and both the A layer and the B layer were melted at 285 ° C. and extruded from the T die at a shear rate of 280 sec-1.
- a stirrer was installed directly above the extruder, and the mixed raw materials were put into the extruder while being agitated by the stirrer.
- Each molten resin was joined by a feed block in the middle of the flow path, discharged from a T-die, and cooled on a chill roll set to a surface temperature of 30 ° C. to obtain an unstretched laminated film.
- the flow path of the molten resin is set so that the central layer is the A layer and both outermost layers are the B layer (B / A / B 2 types and 3 layers), and the thickness ratio of the A layer and the B layer is set.
- the unstretched laminated film obtained by cooling and solidifying is guided to a longitudinal stretching machine in which a plurality of roll groups are continuously arranged, preheated on preheating rolls until the film temperature reaches 90 ° C., and then stretched 3.5 times. did.
- the film after longitudinal stretching was guided to a transverse stretching machine (tenter), preheated for 5 seconds until the surface temperature reached 110 ° C., and then stretched 4.1 times in the width direction (horizontal direction).
- the film after the transverse stretching was directly led to the intermediate zone and passed in 1.0 second.
- the intermediate zone of the tenter hot air from the heat treatment zone and the transverse stretching zone so that when the strip-shaped piece of paper hangs down without passing through the film, the piece of paper hangs down almost completely in the vertical direction. The hot air was cut off. Then, the film that passed through the intermediate zone was led to the heat treatment zone and heat-treated at 220 ° C. for 7 seconds.
- Example 2 to 8 polyester films in which the mixing conditions, discharge conditions, longitudinal stretching temperature, longitudinal stretching ratio, transverse stretching temperature, transverse stretching ratio, and heat treatment temperature of the raw materials are variously changed are continuously applied.
- a film was formed.
- the film of Example 6 is a single-layer film having only the A layer.
- the film of Example 7 is a uniaxially stretched film which is not vertically stretched (stretching ratio is 1) and is formed only by lateral stretching. Table 2 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of each film.
- Example 9 a gas barrier layer was laminated on one side of the film roll of Example 2 to continuously prepare a gas barrier laminate to obtain a roll. Specifically, aluminum was used as a vapor deposition source, and aluminum oxide (AlOx) was laminated on one side of the film by a vacuum vapor deposition method while introducing oxygen gas with a vacuum vapor deposition machine. The thickness of the gas barrier layer was 10 nm. Table 2 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 10 a gas barrier layer was laminated on one side of the film roll of Example 2 to continuously prepare a gas barrier laminate, and then an overcoat layer was continuously formed on the gas barrier layer to obtain a roll. It was. Specifically, aluminum oxide (AlOx) and silicon oxide (SiOx) were used as vapor deposition sources, and a gas barrier layer was laminated on one side of the film by a vacuum vapor deposition method. The thickness of the gas barrier layer was 30 nm. A drying furnace set at a temperature of 120 ° C.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4 In Comparative Examples 1 to 3, similarly to Example 1, polyester films in which the mixing conditions, discharge conditions, longitudinal stretching temperature, longitudinal stretching ratio, transverse stretching temperature, transverse stretching ratio, and heat treatment temperature of the raw materials were variously changed were continuously produced. A film was formed. Table 2 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of each film.
- the film evaluation method is as follows. As the measurement sample, the one in the central portion in the film width direction was used. If the longitudinal direction and the width direction cannot be specified immediately because the area of the film is small, the longitudinal direction and the width direction may be determined and the measurement may be performed, and the temporarily determined longitudinal direction and the width direction become the true direction. On the other hand, the difference of 90 degrees does not cause any particular problem.
- the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the treatment liquid was placed in a 50 mL Digitube, and the treated Teflon (registered trademark) container was placed in the same tube while being washed with ultrapure water to make a constant volume of 50 mL, and a measurement sample was prepared. Then, the treatment liquid was measured with a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (SpectroBLUE, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.), and the amount of metal element in the sample was quantified by a calibration curve prepared with a standard solution of the target element.
- SpectroBLUE high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- the element content in the sample is A (ppm)
- the element concentration in the pretreatment solution is B (mg / L)
- the element concentration in the blank test solution (measurement blank) is C (mg / L)
- the amount of metal element in 1 g was calculated by the following formula (2).
- A (BC) ⁇ 50 / 0.1 Equation (2)
- -Quantitative samples of other metal elements 0.1 g were weighed in a platinum crucible and precarbonized on a hot plate to 400 ° C. Then, the ashing treatment was carried out at 550 ° C. for 8 hours using an electric furnace FO610 manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.
- the element content in the sample is A (ppm)
- the element concentration in the pretreatment solution is B (mg / L)
- the element concentration in the blank test solution (measurement blank) is C (mg / L)
- the amount of metal element in 1 g was calculated by the following formula (3).
- A (BC) ⁇ 20 / 0.1 formula (3)
- the film was sampled in a roll shape of 11 m in the longitudinal direction and 40 mm in the width direction, and the measurement speed was 5 m / min using a continuous contact thickness gauge manufactured by Micron Measuring Instruments Co., Ltd.
- the thickness was continuously measured along the longitudinal direction of the film (measurement length was 10 m).
- the maximum thickness at the time of measurement was Tmax.
- the minimum thickness was Tmin.
- the average thickness was Tave.
- the thickness unevenness in the longitudinal direction of the film was calculated from the following formula 4.
- Thickness spot ⁇ (Tmax.-Tmin.)/Tave. ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%) ⁇ ⁇ Equation (4)
- Thiickness spot in the width direction The film was sampled in a wide strip of 40 mm in the longitudinal direction and 500 mm in the width direction, and the measurement speed was 5 m / min using a continuous contact type thickness gauge manufactured by Micron Measuring Instruments Co., Ltd. The thickness was continuously measured along the width direction of the film sample (measurement length was 400 mm). The maximum thickness at the time of measurement was Tmax., The minimum thickness was Tmin., And the average thickness was Tave., And the thickness unevenness in the width direction of the film was calculated from the above equation 4.
- Refractive index It was measured with an Abbe refractive index meter (NAR-4T, manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd., measurement wavelength 589 nm). Diiodomethane was used as the mounting solution, and the refractive index (Nx) in the longitudinal direction, the refractive index (Ny) in the width direction, and the refractive index (Nz) in the thickness direction were measured. The measurement was performed twice, and the average value was calculated.
- NAR-4T Abbe refractive index meter
- As the measurement solvent a mixture of phenol and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane at 60/40 (wt%) was used.
- the water vapor permeability was measured according to the JIS K7126 B method. Using a water vapor permeability measuring device (PERMATRAN-W3 / 33MG MOCON), measure the water vapor permeability in the direction in which the humidity control gas permeates from the heat seal layer side in an atmosphere of a temperature of 40 ° C. and a humidity of 90% RH. did. Before the measurement, the sample was left for 4 hours in a humidity of 65% RH environment to control the humidity.
- PERMATRAN-W3 / 33MG MOCON PERMATRAN-W3 / 33MG MOCON
- Oxygen permeability was measured according to the JIS K7126-2 method. Using an oxygen permeation measuring device (OX-TRAN 2/20 MOCON), the oxygen permeation was measured in the direction in which oxygen permeates from the heat seal layer side in an atmosphere of a temperature of 23 degrees and a humidity of 65% RH. .. Before the measurement, the sample was left for 4 hours in a humidity of 65% RH environment to control the humidity.
- OX-TRAN 2/20 MOCON oxygen permeation measuring device
- the polyester film of the present invention can provide a film having high transparency, excellent thickness unevenness, and capable of clear printing by a laser, it can be suitably used for applications such as labels. At the same time, it is possible to provide a directly printed package using this film.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献4には、酸化ビスマスからなるレーザーマーキング用添加剤が開示されている。この添加剤をプラスチックへ練りこむことにより、レーザーを照射した部分が変色して印字できるようになる。通常、プラスチック単体はレーザーには反応しないが、この添加剤がレーザーのエネルギーによって励起され、プラスチックを変色させることができる。添加剤はフィルム内部に存在するため、コーティングで起きていた機能層の剥離は起きづらい点で有用である。ただし、添加剤は金属粒子であるため、上記のコーティングと同様、フィルムの透明性を低下させる問題は残っていた。また本発明者らは、粒子をフィルムに練りこむと、フィルムを延伸する際に厚み斑が大きくなってしまう問題を見出した。
特許文献5には、レーザー光によって着色するポリエステルフィルムが開示されている。このフィルムは表面粗度が0.10~1.00μmであり、少なくとも一方の最表面がマット調になっている。そのため、透明性や印刷適性が要求される用途においては、適用できない問題があった。さらに、特許文献5には、フィルムの厚み斑に関しては言及されていない。
1.レーザー照射による印字が可能な層を少なくとも1層有しており、フィルム全体層の中にレーザー印字可能な金属が100ppm以上3000ppm以下で含まれており、ヘイズが1%以上40%以下であることを特徴とするポリエステル系フィルム。
2.レーザー照射による印字が可能となる金属として、ビスマス、ガドリニウム、ネオジム、チタン、アンチモン、スズ、アルミニウムいずれかの単体または酸化物のいずれかが少なくとも1種類は含まれていることを特徴とする1.に記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
3.レーザー照射による印字が可能な層の厚みが5μm以上100μm以下であることを特徴とする1.または2.いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
4.カラーL*値が90以上95以下かつカラーb*値が0.1以上2以下であることを特徴とする1.~3.いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
5.長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方向における厚み斑が0.1%以上20%以下であ
ることを特徴とする1.~4.いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
6.レーザー照射による印字が可能な層に隣接する少なくとも一方の層に、レーザー照射で印字されない層を設けていることを特徴とする1.~5.いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
7.長手方向または幅方向いずれかの屈折率(NxまたはNy)において、値の高い方が1.63以上であることを特徴とする1.~6.いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
8.長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方において、140℃熱風に30分暴露した後の熱収縮率が0.5%以上8%以下であることを特徴とする1.~7.いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
9.前記請求項1.~8.いずれかのポリエステル系フィルムを用いた蓋材又はラベルを含む包装体。
10.少なくとも一部分に印字されていることを特徴とする9.に記載の包装体。
本発明のポリエステル系フィルムは、少なくともレーザー照射による印字が可能な層を1層有すると共に、以下の好ましい特性及び好ましい構成を有する。
1.1.レーザー印字用の顔料
本発明のフィルムをレーザー印字可能なものとするためには、レーザー照射によってフィルムを変色させる機能を有する顔料(以下、単に顔料と称する場合がある)を添加することが必要である。通常、フィルムを構成するポリエステル樹脂自身は、レーザー光にはほとんど反応しないため、レーザー照射によって印字することはできない。顔料はレーザー光のエネルギーによって励起され、周囲にあるポリエステル樹脂を炭化させる(レーザー照射の好ましい条件については後述する)。また、ポリエステル樹脂の炭化に加え、顔料の種類によってはそれ自身が黒色に変化するものもある。これら単独または複合の色変化により、フィルムへ印字することが可能となる。フィルムへの印字精度を考慮すると、顔料自身も変色するものを使用するのが好ましい。
また、フィルムを延伸した場合、顔料粒子を含有するとフィルムの厚み斑が悪化する現象が発生する。フィルムの厚み斑への影響については、顔料粒子を含むフィルムを延伸する場合に、延伸応力が低下するためと考えられる。非特許文献1の図3(b)には、微粒子としての二酸化チタンを添加したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの延伸-ひずみ曲線が掲載されており、二酸化チタンの添加濃度を増加させるにつれて延伸終了時の応力が低下することが示されている。これは、非特許文献1の図10、11に示されているように、微粒子が存在することによって、延伸中に起こる高分子鎖の配向結晶化が抑制されるためと考えられている。フィルムの厚み斑は、延伸応力が高いほど良好になるため、微粒子の添加濃度が増加すると厚み斑が悪化してしまうといえる。顔料の添加量は150ppm以上2950ppm以下であるとより好ましく、200ppm以上2900ppm以下であるとさらに好ましい。
また、本発明では、フィルム全層あたりに換算したときに必要とされる顔料の添加量も100ppm以上3000ppm以下であってよい。レーザー印字層以外の他の層を設けた場合、フィルム全層あたりに換算した顔料量は、レーザー印字層の量よりも少なくなる計算となる。ただし、本発明においては全層厚みの大半(50%以上)がレーザー印字層によって構成される点と、他の層の厚みを増すと相対的にレーザー印字層が薄くなりすぎてしまい印字精度が犠牲になる点を考慮すれば、フィルム全層あたりに換算した顔料量がレーザー印字層に含まれる顔料量と近似してよい。
本発明のフィルムを構成するポリエステル原料は、エステル結合を有する高分子種であれば特に限定されず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で自由に使用することができる。ポリエステル原料の例としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート(PTT)、ポリブチレンナフタレート(PBN)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリエチレンフラノエート(PEF)、ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)等が挙げられる。さらに、上記の例で挙げたポリエステルに加え、これらの酸またはジオール部位のモノマーを変更した変性ポリエステルを用いてもよい。酸部分のモノマーとしては、例えばイソフタル酸、1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、2,6-ナフタレンジカルボン酸、オルトフタル酸等の芳香族ジカルボン酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、デカンジカルボン酸等の脂肪族ジカルボン酸、および脂環式ジカルボン酸が挙げられる。また、 ジオール部位のモノマーとしては、例えばネオペンチルグリコール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ジエチレングリコール、2,2-ジエチル1,3-プロパンジオール、2-n-ブチル-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2,2-イソプロピル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2,2-ジ-n-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、ヘキサンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール等の長鎖ジオール、ヘキサンジオール等の脂肪族ジオール、ビスフェノールA等の芳香族系ジオール等を挙げることができる。さらに、ポリエステルを構成する成分として、ε-カプロラクトンやテトラメチレングリコールなどを含むポリエステルエラストマーを含んでいてもよい。
上記に挙げたポリエステル原料は、カルボン酸モノマーとジオールモノマーが1種対1種で重合されているホモポリエステルを、複数種混合(ドライブレンド)して使用してもよいし、2種以上のカルボン酸モノマーまたは2種以上のジオールモノマーを共重合して使用してもよい。また、ホモポリエステルと共重合ポリエステルを混合して使用してもよい。
本発明のフィルムを構成するポリエステル樹脂の中には、必要に応じて各種の添加剤、例えば、ワックス類、酸化防止剤、帯電防止剤、結晶核剤、減粘剤、熱安定剤、着色用顔料、着色防止剤、紫外線吸収剤などを添加することができる。また、フィルムの滑り性を良好にする滑剤としての微粒子を、少なくともフィルムの最表層に添加することが好ましい。微粒子としては、任意のものを選択することができる。例えば、無機系微粒子としては、シリカ、アルミナ、二酸化チタン、炭酸カルシウム、カオリン、硫酸バリウムなどをあげることができ、有機系微粒子としては、アクリル系樹脂粒子、メラミン樹脂粒子、シリコーン樹脂粒子、架橋ポリスチレン粒子などを挙げることができる。微粒子の平均粒径は、コールターカウンタにて測定したときに0.05~3.0μmの範囲内で必要に応じて適宜選択することができる。フィルム中の微粒子含有率の下限は好ましくは0.01重量%であり、より好ましくは0.015重量%であり、さらに好ましくは0.02重量%である。0.01重量%未満であると滑り性が低下することがある。上限は好ましくは1重量%であり、より好ましくは0.2重量%であり、さらに好ましくは0.1重量%である。1重量%を超えると透明性が低下することがあるため好ましくない。
本発明のフィルムを構成するポリエステル樹脂の中に粒子を配合する方法として、例えば、ポリエステルレジンを製造する任意の段階において添加することができるが、エステル化の段階、もしくはエステル交換反応終了後、重縮合反応開始前の段階でエチレングリコールなどに分散させたスラリーとして添加し、重縮合反応を進めるのが好ましい。また、ベント付き混練押出し機を用いてエチレングリコールや水、そのほかの溶媒に分散させた粒子のスラリーとポリエステル系樹脂原料とをブレンドする方法や、乾燥させた粒子とポリエステルとを混練押出機を用いてブレンドする方法なども挙げられる。
2.1.層構成
本発明のフィルムは、1.1.「レーザー印字用の顔料」で記載した顔料を含む、レーザー照射による印字が可能な層(以下、レーザー印字層と記載)を少なくとも1層有している必要がある。フィルムの層構成としては、レーザー印字層のみの単層であってもよく、レーザー印字層以外の層を積層させてもよい。レーザーによる印字は上記のとおり、レーザー印字層を構成するポリエステル樹脂を炭化させることで成り立つ。そのため、レーザー印字層のみの単層構成であると、印字部分を指などで触った場合、触り心地がザラザラとした感触となりやすい。そこで、レーザー印字層の少なくとも一方の片面に、レーザー照射に反応しない層を積層させることで、レーザー印字による手触り感の違いが生じにくくなるため好ましい。最も好ましい層構成は、レーザー照射に反応しない層で、レーザー印字層を挟みこんだ(中心層とした)2種3層構成である。
レーザー印字層の厚みは、5μm以上100μm以下であると好ましい。レーザー印字層の厚みが5μm未満であると、レーザー光を照射したときの印字濃度が低下し、文字を視認しにくくなるため好ましくない。一方、レーザー印字層の厚みが100μmを超えると、ヘイズやカラー値が所定の範囲を超えやすくなるため好ましくない。レーザー印字層の厚みは10μm以上95μm以下であるとより好ましく、15μm以上90μm以下であるとさらに好ましい。
3.1.ヘイズ
本発明のフィルムは、ヘイズが1%以上40%以下であると好ましい。ヘイズが40%を超えると、フィルムの透明性が失われ、包装体としたときに内容物の視認性が劣るだけでなく、レーザー照射によって得られる文字が視認しにくくなるため好ましくない。従来開示されている単なるレーザーマーキングによる変色の技術に対し、本発明のフィルムはレーザー照射によってできた文字を読み取れる必要があるため、高度な鮮明性を必要とする。ヘイズは35%以下であるとより好ましく、30%以下であるとさらに好ましい。一方、ヘイズの値は低ければ低いほど透明性が向上するため好ましいが、本発明の技術水準では1%が下限であり、下限が2%となっても実用上は十分である。
本発明のフィルムは、カラーL*値が90以上95以下であると好ましい。カラーL*値はフィルムの明度を表しており、値が高いほど明度は高くなる。カラーL*値が90未満であると、フィルムがくすんだ色合いを呈するようになり、包装体としたときの見栄えが劣るように見えるだけでなく、レーザー照射によって得られる文字が視認しにくくなるため好ましくない。上記のヘイズで記載した内容と同じく、本発明のフィルムはレーザー照射によってできた文字を読み取れる必要があるため、高度な鮮明性を必要とする。カラーL*値は90.5以上であるとより好ましく、91以上であるとさらに好ましい。一方、カラーL*値は、本発明の技術水準では95が上限であり、上限が94.5となっても実用上は十分である。
本発明のフィルムは、カラーb*値が0.1以上2以下であると好ましい。カラーb*値はフィルムの黄色味を表しており、値が高いほど黄色味は大きくなる。カラーb*値が2以上であると、フィルムの色合いが黄色味を強く呈するようになる。このようなフィルムを用いると、例えば印刷加工した後、当初想定した印刷の色合いよりも黄色味が強くなり、意匠性が低下するといった不具合が起こりやすくなるため好ましくない。カラーb*値は1.8以下であるとより好ましく、1.6以下であるとさらに好ましい。一方、カラーb*値は、本発明の技術水準では0.1が下限であり、下限が0.2となっても実用上は十分である。
本発明のフィルムは、長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方向における厚み斑が0.1%以上20%以下であると好ましい。ここでの厚み斑とは、連続接触式厚み計を用いてフィルムの厚みを任意の長さにわたって測定したとき、最大値と最小値との差を平均値で割り返した値を指す。厚み斑の値が小さければ小さいほど厚み精度が良好となる。厚み斑が20%を超えると、ロールとして巻き取ったときにシワやたるみ、凹凸といった巻き不良が発生しやすくなるため好ましくない。厚み斑は18%以下であるとより好ましく、16%以下であるとさらに好ましい。一方、厚み斑の下限に関して、本発明の技術水準においては0.1%が限界である。厚み斑の下限は1%であっても十分である。長手方向及び幅方向の両方向において、上記の厚み斑の範囲内であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のフィルム全層の厚みは、8μm以上200μm以下であると好ましい。フィルムの厚みが8μmより薄いとハンドリング性が悪くなり、印刷等の二次加工の際に扱いにくくなるため好ましくない。一方、フィルム厚みが200μmを超えても構わないが、フィルムの使用重量が増えてケミカルコストが高くなるので好ましくない。フィルムの厚みは13μm以上195μm以下であるとより好ましく、18μm以上190μm以下であるとさらに好ましい。
本発明のフィルムは、長手方向または幅方向いずれかの屈折率(NxまたはNy)において、値の高い方が1.63以上であることが好ましい。屈折率はフィルムの分子配向を指し、屈折率が高いほど分子配向は高くなる。特に延伸フィルムにおいては、延伸応力が大きいほど屈折率が大きくなる傾向がある。上記1.1.「レーザー印字用の顔料」で記載した延伸応力と厚み斑との関係を考慮すると、屈折率を1.63以上とすることで厚み斑を20%以下としやすくなるため好ましい。また、屈折率を1.63以上とすることで、フィルムの引張破断強度を80MPa以上としやすくなるため好ましい。屈折率は1.635以上であるとより好ましく、1.64以上であるとさらに好ましい。
本発明のフィルムは長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方において、140℃熱風に30分暴露した後の熱収縮率が0.5%以上8%以下であると好ましい。熱収縮率が8%を超えると、ヒートシール等の加熱を含む加工の際にフィルムが変形しやすくなるため好ましくない。熱収縮率の上限は7.8%以下であるとより好ましく、7.6%以下であるとより好ましい。一方、熱収縮率は低ければ低いほど好ましいが、本発明の技術水準だと0.5%が下限である。熱収縮率の下限が0.7%であっても実用上は十分である。長手方向及び幅方向の両方向において、上記の熱収縮率の範囲内であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のフィルムは、長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方の引張破断強度が80MPa以上300MPaであると好ましい。引張破断強度が80MPa未満であると、印刷や蒸着、ラミネートといった二次加工時に製造ラインで巻き出す際、パスラインから受ける張力によって容易に破断してしまうため好ましくない。一方、引張破断強度が高ければ高いほどフィルムの機械強度が向上するため好ましいが、本発明の技術水準では300MPaが上限である。実用上は上限が290MPaであっても十分である。長手方向及び幅方向の両方向において、上記の引張破断強度の範囲内であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のフィルムは、固有粘度(IV)が0.5dL/g以上0.9dL/gであると好ましい。IVが0.5dL/g未満であると、フィルムの引張破壊強度を80MPa以上とするのが困難となるだけでなく、製膜中の延伸工程で破断が起きる可能性が高くなるため好ましくない。一方、IVが0.9dL/gを超えると、原料となる樹脂を混合して溶融押し出しするときに、メルトライン中の樹脂圧力が高くなりすぎてしまい、溶融樹脂中の異物を取り除くフィルターの変形が起こりやすくなるため好ましくない。ヒートシール層のIVは0.52dL/g以上0.88dL/g以下であるとより好ましく、0.54dL/g以上0.86dL/g以下であるとさらに好ましい。
4.1.原料混合、供給
本発明のポリエステル系フィルムを製造するにあたり、上記「1.フィルムを構成する原料」で記載したとおり、フィルムにはレーザー照射によって印字可能となる顔料を含有させる必要がある。顔料はマスターバッチ化して用いるのが好ましいため、通常は2種類以上の原料を混合する。従来、押し出し機に2種以上の原料を混合して投入すると、原料の供給にバラツキ(偏析)が生じ、それにより厚み斑が悪化する問題が起きていた。それを防止して本発明における所定範囲内の厚み斑とするために、押出し機の直上の配管やホッパーに攪拌機を設置して原料を均一に混合した後に溶融押出しをすることが好ましい。
4.2.溶融押し出し
本発明のフィルムは、上記1.「フィルムを構成する原料」で記載した原料を、上記4.1.「原料混合、供給」で記載した方法で押出機に原料を供給し、押出機より原料を溶融押し出しして未延伸のフィルムを形成し、それを以下に示す所定の方法により延伸することによって得ることができる。なお、フィルムがレーザー印字層とそれ以外の層を含む場合、各層を積層させるタイミングは延伸の前後いずれであっても構わない。延伸前に積層させる場合、各層の原料となる樹脂をそれぞれ別々の押し出し機によって溶融押し出しし、樹脂流路の途中でフィードブロック等を用いて接合させる方法を採用するのが好ましい。延伸後に積層させる場合、それぞれ別々に製膜したフィルムを接着剤によって貼りあわせるラミネート、単独または積層させたフィルムの表層に溶融させたポリエステル樹脂を流して積層させる押出ラミネートを採用するのが好ましい。生産性の観点からは、延伸前に各層を積層させる方法が好ましい。
また、ダイス口部から樹脂を吐出するときのせん断速度は高い方がフィルムの幅方向の厚み斑(特に最大凹部)が低減できるため好ましい。せん断速度が高い方が、Tダイ出口での樹脂吐出時の圧力が安定するためである。好ましいせん断速度は100sec-1以上であり、更に好ましくは150sec-1以上、特に好ましくは170sec-1以上である。ドラフト比は高い方が長手方向の厚み斑が良好となり好ましいが、ドラフト比が高いとダイスの樹脂吐出部に樹脂カス等が付着し、生産性が悪くなるので高すぎるのは好ましくない。ダイス出口でのせん断速度は、以下の式1から求めることができる。
γ=6Q/(W×H2) ・・式1
γ:せん断速度(sec-1)
Q:原料の押出し機からの吐出量(cm3/sec)
W:ダイス出口の開口部の幅(cm)
H:ダイス出口の開口部の長さ(リップギャップ)(cm)
第一方向(縦または長手方向)の延伸は、未延伸フィルムを複数のロール群を連続的に配置した縦延伸機へと導入するとよい。縦延伸にあたっては、予熱ロールでフィルム温度が65℃~100℃になるまで予備加熱することが好ましい。フィルム温度が65℃より低いと、縦方向に延伸する際に延伸しにくくなり、破断が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。また100℃より高いとロールにフィルムが粘着しやすくなり、ロールへのフィルムの巻き付きや連続生産によるロールの汚れやすくなるため好ましくない。
さらに、縦延伸倍率が高いほど厚み斑は良化するため、延伸倍率は2.5倍以上であると好ましい。「1.1.レーザー印字用の顔料」で記載したように、延伸応力が増加すると厚み斑は良化する。延伸倍率を2.0倍以上とすることにより、フィルムの配向結晶化を促進させて延伸応力を増加させることができる。また、縦延伸倍率の上限は何倍でも構わないが、あまりに高い縦延伸倍率だと横延伸しにくくなって破断が生じやすくなるので5倍以下であることが好ましい。縦延伸倍率は2.2倍以上4.8倍以下であるとより好ましく、2.4倍以上4.6倍以下であるとさらに好ましい。
第一(縦)延伸の後、テンター内でフィルムの幅方向(長手方向と直交する方向)の両端際をクリップによって把持した状態で、65℃~130℃で3~5倍程度の延伸倍率で横延伸を行うのが好ましい。横方向の延伸を行う前には、予備加熱を行っておくことが好ましく、予備加熱はフィルム表面温度が70℃~135℃になるまで行うとよい。
横延伸倍率が高いほど厚み斑は良化するため、延伸倍率は2.5倍以上であると好ましい。「4.2.縦延伸」で記載したように、延伸倍率が高いほど延伸応力が増加するため、厚み斑は良化する。一方で、延伸倍率が5.5倍を超えると破断が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。横延伸倍率は2.7倍以上5.3倍以下であるとより好ましく、2.9倍以上5.1倍以下であるとより好ましい。なお、縦延伸と横延伸では、延伸速度が異なる(縦延伸の方が延伸速度が速い)ため、好ましい延伸倍率の範囲は異なる。
横延伸の後は、フィルムを積極的な加熱操作を実行しない中間ゾーンを通過させることが好ましい。テンターの横延伸ゾーンに対し、その次の最終熱処理ゾーンでは温度が高いため、中間ゾーンを設けないと最終熱処理ゾーンの熱(熱風そのものや輻射熱)が横延伸工程に流れ込んでしまう。この場合、横延伸ゾーンの温度が安定しないため、フィルムの厚み斑が20%を超えやすくなるだけでなく、熱収縮率などの物性にもバラツキが生じてしまう。そこで、横延伸後のフィルムは中間ゾーンを通過させて所定の時間を経過させた後、最終熱処理を実施するのが好ましい。この中間ゾーンにおいては、フィルムを通過させていない状態で短冊状の紙片を垂らしたときに、その紙片がほぼ完全に鉛直方向に垂れ下がるように、フィルムの走行に伴う随伴流、横延伸ゾーンや最終熱処理ゾーンからの熱風を遮断することが重要である。中間ゾーンの通過時間は、1秒~5秒程度で充分である。1秒より短いと、中間ゾーンの長さが不充分となって、熱の遮断効果が不足する。一方、中間ゾーンは長い方が好ましいが、あまりに長いと設備が大きくなってしまうので、5秒程度で充分である。
中間ゾーンの通過後は熱処理ゾーンにて、170℃以上250℃以下で熱処理すると好ましい。熱処理ではフィルムの結晶化を促進されるため、延伸工程で生じた熱収縮率を低減できるだけでなく、引張破断強度が増加しやすくなる。熱処理温度が150℃未満であると、熱収縮率を3%以下、引張破断強度を80MPaとしにくくなるため好ましくない。一方、熱処理温度が250℃を超えると、ヘイズが40%を超えやすくなるため好ましくない。熱処理温度は175℃以上245℃以下であるとより好ましく、180℃以上240℃以下であるとさらに好ましい。
熱処理ゾーン通過後は、冷却ゾーンにて10℃以上30℃以下の冷却風を用いて、通過時間2秒以上20秒以下でフィルムを冷却するのが好ましい。
後は、フィルム両端部を裁断除去しながら巻き取れば、フィルムロールが得られる。
本発明のフィルムは、主に無機薄膜からなるガスバリア層を設けてもよい。以下の説明では、本発明のフィルムにガスバリア層を設けたものを「ガスバリア層積層体」と称する。
5.1.1.水蒸気透過度
本発明のフィルムを用いたガスバリア積層体は、温度40℃、相対湿度90%RH環境下での水蒸気透過度が0.05[g/(m2・d)]以上4[g/(m2・d)]以下であると好ましい。水蒸気透過度が4[g/(m2・d)]を超えると、内容物を含む包装体として使用した場合に、内容物のシェルフライフが短くなってしまうため好ましくない。一方、水蒸気透過度が0.05[g/(m2・d)]より小さい場合はガスバリア性が高まり、内容物のシェルフライフは長くなるため好ましいが、現状の技術水準では0.05[g/(m2・d)]が下限である。水蒸気透過度の下限が0.05[g/(m2・d)]であっても実用上は十分といえる。水蒸気透過度の上限は3.8[g/(m2・d)]であると好ましく、3.6[g/(m2・d)]であるとより好ましい。
本発明のフィルムを用いたガスバリア積層体は、温度23℃、相対湿度65%RH環境下での酸素透過度が0.05[cc/(m2・d・atm)]以上4[cc/(m2・d・atm)]以下であると好ましい。酸素透過度が4[cc/(m2・d・atm)]を超えると、内容物のシェルフライフが短くなってしまうため好ましくない。一方、酸素透過度が0.05[cc/(m2・d・atm)]より小さい場合はガスバリア性が高まり、内容物のシェルフライフは長くなるため好ましいが、現状の技術水準では酸素透過度が0.05[cc/(m2・d・atm)]が下限である。酸素透過度の下限が0.05[cc/(m2・d・atm)]であっても実用上は十分といえる。酸素透過度の上限は3.8[cc/(m2・d・atm)]であると好ましく、3.6[cc/(m2・d・atm)]であるとより好ましい。
ガスバリア層の原料種は特に限定されず、従来から公知の材料を使用することができ、所望のガスバリア性等を満たすために目的に合わせて適宜選択することができる。ガスバリア層の原料種としては、例えば、ケイ素、アルミニウム、スズ、亜鉛、鉄、マンガン等の金属、これら金属の1種以上を含む無機化合物があり、該当する無機化合物としては、酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、フッ化物等が挙げられる。これらの無機物または無機化合物は単体で用いてもよいし、複数で用いてもよい。特に、酸化ケイ素(SiOx)、酸化アルミニウム(AlOx)を単体(一元体)または併用(二元体)で使用することにより、ガスバリア層を設けたフィルムの透明性を向上させることができるため好ましい。無機化合物の成分が酸化ケイ素と酸化アルミニウムの二元体からなる場合、酸化アルミニウムの含有量は20質量%以上80質量%以下であると好ましく、25質量%以上70質量%以下であるとより好ましい。酸化アルミニウムの含有量が20質量%以下の場合、ガスバリア層の密度が下がり、ガスバリア性が低下する恐れがあるため好ましくない。また、酸化アルミニウムの含有量が80質量%以上であると、ガスバリア層の柔軟性が低下してクラックが発生しやすくなり、結果としてガスバリア性が低下する恐れが生じるため好ましくない。
ガスバリア層の成膜方法は特に限定されず、本発明の目的を損なわない限り公知の製造方法を採用することができる。公知の製造方法の中でも、蒸着法を採用することが好ましい。蒸着法としての例は、真空蒸着法、スパッター法、イオンブレーティングなどのPVD法(物理蒸着法)、あるいは、CVD法(化学蒸着法)などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、真空蒸着法と物理蒸着法が好ましく、生産の速度や安定性の観点からは特に真空蒸着法が好ましい。真空蒸着法における加熱方式としては、抵抗加熱、高周波誘導加熱、電子ビーム加熱等を用いることができる。また、反応性ガスとして、酸素、窒素、水蒸気等を導入したり、オゾン添加、イオンアシスト等の手段を用いた反応性蒸着を用いたりしてもよい。また、基板にバイアス等を加える、基板温度を上昇あるいは冷却する等、本発明の目的を損なわない限りは成膜条件を変更してもよい。
6.1.オーバーコート層の種類
本発明のフィルム、または本発明のフィルムを用いたガスバリア性積層体(この項6.では、これらをまとめて基材フィルムと呼ぶ)は、上記の「5.ガスバリア層」で挙げたガスバリア層を成膜した上に、耐擦過性やさらなるガスバリア性の向上等を目的としてオーバーコート層を設けることもできる。オーバーコート層の種類は特に限定されないが、ウレタン系樹脂とシランカップリング剤からなる組成物、有機ケイ素およびその加水分解物からなる化合物、ヒドロキシル基またはカルボキシル基を有する水溶性高分子等、従来から公知の材料を使用することができ、所望のガスバリア性等を満たすために目的に合わせて適宜選択することができる。
また、オーバーコート層は、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、帯電防止性、紫外線吸収性、着色、熱安定性、滑り性等を付与する目的で、各種添加剤が1種類以上添加されていてもよく、各種添加剤の種類や添加量は、所望の目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
オーバーコート層を成膜する際、基材フィルムをコーティング設備へ金属ロールを介して搬送する。設備の構成例としては、巻き出しロール、コーティング工程、乾燥工程、巻き取り工程が挙げられる。オーバーコートの際、巻き出しロールにセットされた積層体が金属ロールを介してコーティング工程と乾燥工程を経て、最終的に巻き取りロールまで導かれる。コーティング方法は特に限定されず、グラビアコート法、リバースコート法、ディッピング法、ローコート法、エアナイフコート法、コンマコート法、スクリーン印刷法、スプレーコート法、グラビアオフセット法、ダイコート法、バーコート法等、従来公知の方法を採用でき、所望の目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。これらの中でも、グラビアコート法、リバースコート法、バーコート法が生産性の観点で好ましい。乾燥方法は、熱風乾燥、熱ロール乾燥、高周波照射、赤外線照射、UV照射など、加熱する方法を1種類あるいは2種類以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記特性を有するフィルム、または「5.ガスバリア層」で挙げたガスバリア層を設けた積層体、「6.オーバーコート層」で挙げたオーバーコート層を設けた積層体(この項7.では、これらをまとめて「本発明のフィルム」と記載する)は、包装体として好適に使用することができる。包装体としては例えば、縦ピロー、横ピロー、ガゼット袋といったヒートシールによって製袋される袋、溶断シールによって製袋される溶断袋等が挙げられる。さらに、プラスチック容器の蓋材や、センターシールによって筒状に形成されたボトル用ラベルも包装体に含まれる。本発明のフィルムは単独で袋にすることもできるが、他
の材料を積層してもよい。通常、包装体を形成するためには接着性が必要となるため、シール性を有する他の層を積層させることが好ましい。他の層としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレートを構成成分に含む無延伸フィルム、他の非晶性ポリエステルを構成成分に含む無延伸、一軸延伸または二軸延伸フィルム、ナイロンを構成成分に含む無延伸、一軸延伸または二軸延伸フィルム、ポリプロピレンを構成成分に含む無延伸、一軸延伸または二軸延伸フィルム、ポリエチレンを構成成分に含む無延伸、一軸延伸または二軸延伸フィルム等が挙げられ、これらに限定されるものではない。
本発明のフィルムを有する包装体を製造する方法は特に限定されず、ヒートバー(ヒートジョー)を用いたヒートシール、ホットメルトを用いた接着、溶剤によるセンターシール等の従来公知の製造方法を採用することができる。
本発明のフィルムに照射するレーザーの種類(波長)としては、例えばCO2レーザー(10600nm)、YAGレーザー(1064nm)、YVO4レーザー(1064nm)、ファイバーレーザー(1090nm)、グリーンレーザー(532nm)、UVレーザー(355nm)が挙げられる。これらのレーザー種は特に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で任意に使用することができる。上記の中でも、YAGレーザー、YVO4レーザー、ファイバーレーザー、グリーンレーザー、UVレーザーの使用が好ましく、Nd:YAGレーザー、ファイバーレーザー、グリーンレーザー、UVレーザーの使用が特に好ましい。
[合成例]
撹拌機、温度計および部分環流式冷却器を備えたステンレススチール製オートクレーブに、ジカルボン酸成分としてジメチルテレフタレート(DMT)100モル%と、多価アルコール成分としてエチレングリコール(EG)100モル%とを、エチレングリコールがモル比でジメチルテレフタレートの2.2倍になるように仕込み、エステル交換触媒として酢酸亜鉛を0.05モル%(酸成分に対して)用いて、生成するメタノールを系外へ留去しながらエステル交換反応を行った。その後、重縮合触媒として三酸化アンチモン0.225モル%(酸成分に対して)を添加し、280℃で26.7Paの減圧条件下、重縮合反応を行い、固有粘度0.75dl/gのポリエステルAを得た。なお、このポリエステルAはエチレンテレフタレートである。ポリエステルAの組成を表1に示す。
上記の合成例で得たポリエステルAと、レーザー顔料「TOMATEC COLOR42-920A(主成分Bi2O3)」(東罐マテリアル・テクノロジー社製)を重量比95:5で混合(ドライブレンド)してスクリュー押出機に投入し、275℃で加熱して溶融・混合させた。この溶融樹脂をストランドダイから円柱状に連続的に吐出し、ストランドカッターで裁断することによってチップ状のポリエステルB(マスターバッチ)を得た。
なお、ポリエステルBの固有粘度IVは0.72dL/gであった。ポリエステルBの組成を表1に示す。
ポリエステルAとレーザー顔料「IRIOTEC(登録商標)8825(主成分Sn、Sb)」(メルクパフォーマンスマテリアルズ社製)を重量比95:5で混合(ドライブレンド)し、混合例1と同様の方法でポリエステルC(マスターバッチ)を得た。なお、ポリエステルCの固有粘度IVは0.72dL/gであった。ポリエステルCの組成を表1に示す。
ポリエステルAに対して、滑剤「サイリシア(登録商標)266(SiO2)」(富士シリシア社製)を7000ppmとなるように混合(ドライブレンド)し、混合例1と同様の方法でポリエステルD(マスターバッチ)を得た。なお、ポリエステルDの固有粘度IVは0.72dL/gであった。ポリエステルDの組成を表1に示す。
レーザー印字層(A)の原料としてポリエステルAとポリエステルBを質量比97:3で混合し、それ以外の層(B層)の原料としてポリエステルAとポリエステルDを質量比90:10で混合した。
冷却固化して得た未延伸の積層フィルムを複数のロール群を連続的に配置した縦延伸機へ導き、予熱ロール上でフィルム温度が90℃になるまで予備加熱した後に3.5倍に延伸した。
その後、中間ゾーンを通過したフィルムを熱処理ゾーンに導き、220℃で7秒間熱処理した。このとき、熱処理を行うと同時にフィルム幅方向のクリップ間隔を狭めることにより、幅方向に3%リラックス処理を行った。最終熱処理ゾーンを通過後はフィルムを30℃の冷却風で5秒間冷却した。両縁部を裁断除去して幅400mmでロール状に巻き取ることによって、厚さ30μmの二軸延伸フィルムを所定の長さにわたって連続的に製造した。得られたフィルムの特性は上記の方法によって評価した。製造条件と評価結果を表2示す。
実施例2~8も実施例1と同様にして、原料の混合条件、吐出条件、縦延伸温度、縦延伸倍率、横延伸温度、横延伸倍率、熱処理温度を種々変更したポリエステルフィルムを連続的に製膜した。なお、実施例5のフィルムは、A層とB層の2種2層構成であり、厚み比率がA/B=80/20である。また、実施例6のフィルムは、A層のみの単層フィルムである。また、実施例7のフィルムは、縦延伸しておらず(延伸倍率が1)、横延伸だけで製膜した一軸延伸フィルムである。各フィルムの製造条件と評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例9は、実施例2のフィルムロールの片面にガスバリア層を積層させてガスバリア性積層体を連続的に作製してロールを得た。具体的には、蒸着源としてアルミニウムを用いて、真空蒸着機にて酸素ガスを導入しながら真空蒸着法で酸化アルミニウム(AlOx)をフィルムの片面に積層させた。なお、ガスバリア層の厚みは10nmであった。得られた積層体の製造条件と評価結果を表2に示す。
実施例10は、実施例2のフィルムロールの片面にガスバリア層を積層させてガスバリア性積層体を連続的に作製した後、ガスバリア層の上にオーバーコート層を連続的に作製してロールを得た。具体的には、蒸着源として酸化アルミニウム(AlOx)と酸化ケイ素(SiOx)を用いて、真空蒸着法でフィルムの片面にガスバリア層を積層させた。なお、ガスバリア層の厚みは30nmであった。この積層体のガスバリア層側に、テトラエトキシシラン加水分解溶液とポリビニルアルコールとを50:50の割合で混合した溶液を連続的に塗布した後、温度120℃、風速15m/秒に設定した乾燥炉へ導いて連続的にオーバーコート層を成膜した。なお、オーバーコート層の厚みは300nmであった。得られた積層体の製造条件と評価結果を表2に示す。
比較例1~3も実施例1と同様にして、原料の混合条件、吐出条件、縦延伸温度、縦延伸倍率、横延伸温度、横延伸倍率、熱処理温度を種々変更したポリエステルフィルムを連続的に製膜した。各フィルムの製造条件と評価結果を表2に示す。
フィルムの評価方法は以下の通りである。測定サンプルとしては、フィルム幅方向の中央部のものを用いた。なお、フィルムの面積が小さいなどの理由で長手方向と幅方向が直ちに特定できない場合は、仮に長手方向と幅方向を定めて測定すればよく、仮に定めた長手方向と幅方向が真の方向に対して90度違っているからといって、とくに問題を生ずることはない。
フィルムをA4サイズ(21.0cm×29.7cm)に1枚切り出して試料とした。この試料の厚みを、マイクロメーターを用いて場所を変えて10点測定し、厚み(μm)の平均値を求めた。
・Nd、Bi、Sb、Sn、Pの定量
試料0.1gをマイクロウェーブ試料分解装置(アントンパール社製、Multiwavepro)のテフロン(登録商標)容器に精秤し、濃硝酸6mLを加え、専用のフタ、外容器に入れて装置に設置した。装置中で最終200℃にて60分間加熱処理を行った。その後、室温まで冷却し処理液を50mLデジチューブに入れ、処理後のテフロン(登録商標)容器を超純水で洗浄しながら同チューブに入れ、50mL定容とし、測定サンプルを準備した。その後、処理液を高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製、SPECTROBLUE)で測定し、目的元素の標準液で作成した検量線により試料中の金属元素量を定量した。試料中の元素含有量をA(ppm)、前処理液中の元素濃度をB(mg/L)、空試験液中の元素濃度(測定ブランク)をC(mg/L)とし、試料0.1g中の金属元素量を下記式(2)により求めた。
A=(B-C)×50/0.1 式(2)
・その他の金属元素の定量
試料0.1gを白金製るつぼに秤量し、ホットプレート上で400℃まで予備炭化を行った。その後、ヤマト科学社製電気炉FO610型を用いて、550℃で8時間灰化処理を実施した。灰化後、6.0Nの塩酸を3mL添加し、ホットプレート上にて100℃で酸分解を行い、塩酸が完全に揮発するまで加熱処理を行った。酸分解終了後に、1.2Nの塩酸20mLを用いて定容した。その後、処理液を高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製、SPECTROBLUE)で測定し、目的元素の標準液で作成した検量線により試料中の金属元素量を定量した。試料中の元素含有量をA(ppm)、前処理液中の元素濃度をB(mg/L)、空試験液中の元素濃度(測定ブランク)をC(mg/L)とし、試料0.1g中の金属元素量を下記式(3)により求めた。
A=(B-C)×20/0.1 式(3)
JIS-K-7136に準拠し、ヘイズメータ(日本電色工業株式会社製、300A)を用いて測定した。測定は2回行い、その平均値を求めた。
分光式色差計(日本電色株式会社製、ZE-6000)を用い、反射法によりフィルムサンプル1枚で色調(L*値、b*値) を測定した。
フィルムを長手方向11m×幅方向40mmのロール状にサンプリングし、ミクロン測定器株式会社製の連続接触式厚み計を用いて測定速度5m/min.でフィルムの長手方向に沿って連続的に厚みを測定した(測定長さは10m)。測定時の最大厚みをTmax.、最小厚みをTmin.、平均厚みをTave.とし、下式4からフィルムの長手方向の厚み斑を算出した。
厚み斑={(Tmax.-Tmin.)/Tave.}×100 (%) ・・式(4)
[幅方向の厚み斑]
フィルムを長手方向40mm×幅方向500mmの幅広な帯状にサンプリングし、ミクロン測定器株式会社製の連続接触式厚み計を用いて、測定速度5m/min.でフィルム試料の幅方向に沿って連続的に厚みを測定した(測定長さは400mm)。測定時の最大厚みをTmax.、最小厚みをTmin.、平均厚みをTave.とし、上式4からフィルムの幅方向の厚み斑を算出した。
アッベ屈折率計(NAR-4T、アタゴ社製、測定波長589nm)で測定した。マウント液はジヨードメタンを用い、長手方向の屈折率(Nx)、幅方向の屈折率(Ny)及び厚み方向の屈折率(Nz)を測定した。測定は2回行い、その平均値を求めた。
長手方向および幅方向に対して幅10mm、長さ250mmに切り取り、200mm間隔で印を付け、5gfの一定張力下で印の間隔(A)を測定する。次いで、フィルムを無荷重下の状態で、140℃で30分間加熱処理した後、5gfの一定張力下で印の間隔(B)を測定し、式(5)より熱収縮率を求めた。このようにして求めた熱収縮率に対して、長手方向および幅方向の熱収縮率を求めた。
熱収縮率(%)={(A-B)/A}×100 式(5)
JIS K7113に準拠し、測定方向が140mm、測定方向と直交する方向(フィルム幅方向)が20mmの短冊状のフィルムサンプルを作製した。万能引張試験機「オートグラフAG-Xplus」(島津製作所製)を用いて、試験片の両端をチャックで片側20mmずつ把持(チャック間距離100mm)して、雰囲気温度23℃、引張速度200mm/minの条件にて引張試験を行い、引張破壊時の強度(応力)を引張破壊強度(MPa)とした。なお、測定方向は長手方向と幅方向とした。
ヒートシール層の固有粘度(IV)は、JIS K 7367-5に準拠して求めた。ウベローデ粘度管を用いて30±0.1℃で測定して得られた粘度数に対して、溶液の質量濃度(c)に対する粘度数の関係から質量濃度(c)=0としたときの値をIVとした。なお、測定溶媒にはフェノールと1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンを60/40(wt%)で混合したものを用いた。
水蒸気透過度はJIS K7126 B法に準じて測定した。水蒸気透過度測定装置(PERMATRAN-W3/33MG MOCON社製)を用いて、温度40℃、湿度90%RHの雰囲気下において、ヒートシール層側から調湿ガスが透過する方向で水蒸気透過度を測定した。なお、測定前には湿度65%RH環境下で、サンプルを4時間放置して調湿した。
酸素透過度はJIS K7126-2法に準じて測定した。酸素透過量測定装置(OX-TRAN 2/20 MOCON社製)を用いて、温度23度、湿度65%RHの雰囲気下において、ヒートシール層側から酸素が透過する方向で酸素透過度を測定した。なお、測定前には湿度65%RH環境下で、サンプルを4時間放置して調湿した。
フィルムにレーザーを照射して文字を「ABC123」と印字し、印字濃度を目視で評価した。印字機には、波長355nmの紫外線(UV)レーザーマーカー(MD-U1000、キーエンス社製)を用い、レーザーパワー40%、スキャンスピード1000mm/秒、パルス周波数40kHz、スポット可変 -20の条件でレーザーを照射した。印字濃度は、以下の基準で判定した。
判定○ 目視で文字を認識することができる
判定× 目視で文字を認識することができない
実施例1から10までのフィルムはいずれも表2に掲載した物性に優れており、良好な評価結果が得られた。
一方、比較例1~3は以下の理由により、いずれも好ましくない結果となった。
比較例1は、レーザー顔料を含有していないため、レーザーを照射しても印字されなかった。
比較例2は、レーザー印字層の厚みが113μmと厚いため、ヘイズとカラーL*、b*値が所定の範囲を超えてしまい、包装体として使用したときの外観適性にはなくなってしまった。
比較例3は、レーザー顔料の濃度が0.35%と高いため、フィルムを延伸した後の厚み斑が長手方向、幅方向ともに20%を超えてしまった。そのため、ロールとして巻き取ったときも厚み斑の悪さに起因したシワが発生してしまった。
比較例4は、原料を溶融押出するときに撹拌機を使用せず、せん断速度が低い条件としたため、長手方向の厚み斑が悪化した。
Claims (10)
- レーザー照射による印字が可能な層を少なくとも1層有しており、
フィルム全体層の中にレーザー印字可能な金属が100ppm以上3000ppm以下で含まれており、ヘイズが1%以上40%以下であることを特徴とするポリエステル系フィルム。 - レーザー照射による印字が可能となる金属として、ビスマス、ガドリニウム、ネオジム、チタン、アンチモン、スズ、アルミニウムいずれかの単体または酸化物のいずれかが少なくとも1種類は含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- レーザー照射による印字が可能な層の厚みが5μm以上100μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- カラーL*値が90以上95以下かつカラーb*値が0.1以上2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- 長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方向における厚み斑が0.1%以上20%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- レーザー照射による印字が可能な層に隣接する少なくとも一方の層に、レーザー照射で印字されない層を設けていることを特徴とする請求項1~5いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- 長手方向または幅方向いずれかの屈折率(NxまたはNy)において、値の高い方が1.63以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~6いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- 長手方向または幅方向いずれか一方において、140℃熱風に30分暴露した後の熱収縮率が0.5%以上8%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~7いずれかに記載のポリエステル系フィルム。
- 請求項1~8いずれかのポリエステル系フィルムを用いた蓋材又はラベルを含む包装体。
- 少なくとも一部分に印字されていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の包装体。
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WO2022153965A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レーザー印字された包装体 |
WO2023243486A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-21 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レーザー印字用熱収縮性ポリエステル系フィルム |
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