WO2021056638A1 - 一种复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021056638A1
WO2021056638A1 PCT/CN2019/111834 CN2019111834W WO2021056638A1 WO 2021056638 A1 WO2021056638 A1 WO 2021056638A1 CN 2019111834 W CN2019111834 W CN 2019111834W WO 2021056638 A1 WO2021056638 A1 WO 2021056638A1
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thermal insulation
insulation material
diatomite
composite thermal
cement
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PCT/CN2019/111834
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘志勇
张舒
蒋金洋
张云升
吴萌
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东南大学
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Priority to AU2019467669A priority Critical patent/AU2019467669B2/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40Porous or lightweight materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of thermal insulation materials.
  • silica aerogel is currently the lowest-density solid material that is a research hotspot in thermal insulation.
  • the traditional preparation method uses organic solvents as raw materials and is prepared by supercritical drying.
  • the equipment cost is high, the parameter control is complicated, the time-consuming is long, the continuous production is not possible, and the flammable and toxic solvent vapor may be released during the process, and the safety is low.
  • atmospheric drying and cheap preparation have become new research hotspots.
  • the quality of silica aerogels under atmospheric drying needs to be improved. It is easy to crack and shrink, have many by-products, waste a lot of solvent, and the solvent replacement process takes a long time.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof, specifically to provide a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite
  • the thermal insulation material and its preparation method have simple process, low cost, easy industrial production and certain strength, which overcomes the shortcomings of silica aerogel that cannot be used in large quantities in the construction industry due to its high price and low strength. Adjusting the indoor temperature can greatly reduce the thermal conductivity of cement-based materials and greatly save energy.
  • the present invention provides a composite thermal insulation material, which is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the specific surface area of the silica aerogel without diatomite is ⁇ 400m 2 /g, and the diatomite is ultrafine diatomite with a particle size of ⁇ 300 mesh .
  • the length of the polypropylene fiber is between 6 mm and 12 mm, and the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent.
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a viscosity of 100,000 to 200,000 MPa ⁇ s and a sieving rate of 80 mesh ⁇ 98%; the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder with a sieve with a diameter of 400um. The amount is less than or equal to 4%, and the solid content is ⁇ 99%.
  • the room temperature thermal conductivity of the cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material ranges from 0.13 to 0.27 W/(m ⁇ K), and the compressive strength ranges from 3 to 5 MPa.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite heat preservation and heat insulation material.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • step 1) the mixing and grinding of fly ash and sodium carbonate refers to the mixing and grinding of fly ash and sodium carbonate in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 1:1.5 to less than 200 mesh.
  • Step 1) The particle size of the fly ash is passed through a 200 mesh sieve; Step 1)
  • the high-temperature calcination treatment refers to a high-temperature calcination treatment at a temperature of 750-850°C for 1.5-2h.
  • the feasible acid in step 2) is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid or nitric acid; in step 2), the adjusting reagent used in the subsequent adjustment of pH to 3-7 is ammonia water, and the standing in step 2)
  • the aging time is 1d ⁇ 2d.
  • Step 6 When adding water and mixing uniformly, the quality of the added water is 1 to 2 times the quality of the cement.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention is prepared by preparing a silica wet gel with fly ash and embedding it in diatomaceous earth through classification and drying, which overcomes Organic thermal insulation materials are flammable and traditional inorganic thermal insulation materials have relatively high thermal conductivity shortcomings. At the same time, it overcomes the shortcomings of complex preparation process of silica aerogel, high raw material cost and small application range.
  • silica aerogel is used as the thermal insulation material
  • diatomaceous earth is used as the support material of the silica aerogel
  • the thermal insulation material is introduced into the cement material to prepare the cement-based silica Aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material has low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. Its thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of thermal insulation material silica aerogel.
  • the mechanical properties of the cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material of the present invention make up for the good thermal insulation performance of the existing silica aerogel thermal insulation material, but the strength is too low,
  • the high cost defect, the strength of the cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material decreases with the increase of the thermal insulation material content, and the minimum is 3MPa, which meets the mechanical performance requirements of masonry mortar buildings and makes up for it.
  • the existing silica aerogel thermal insulation materials have the defect of good thermal insulation performance but too low strength.
  • the preparation of the cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material of the present invention has a wide range of raw materials, low preparation cost, overcoming the high cost defects in the prior art, and the preparation method is simple in equipment and operation. Convenient and easy to industrialized production.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface morphology of the raw material diatomaceous earth and the silica aerogel-diatomite materials in Examples 1 to 4, where a is diatomaceous earth, and b, c, and d are examples 1 to in sequence.
  • the prepared silica aerogel-diatomite material, e and f are the silica aerogel-diatomite material prepared in Example 4;
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves of diatomaceous earth as a raw material and the silica aerogel-diatomite materials in Examples 1 to 4;
  • Fig. 3 is an XRD test diagram of diatomaceous earth as a raw material, silica aerogel prepared without adding diatomaceous earth, and silica aerogel-diatomite materials prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 4;
  • Figure 4 is the FT-IR test diagram of the raw material diatomaceous earth, the silica aerogel prepared without adding diatomaceous earth, and the silica aerogel-diatomite material prepared in Examples 1, 2 and 4 ;
  • Fig. 5 is a thermal conductivity analysis diagram of cement paste test block, 1#-9# prepared in Examples 1-9, where a is cement paste test block, 1#-4# prepared in Examples 1 to 4
  • the thermal conductivity analysis diagram of, b is the cement paste test block, the thermal conductivity analysis diagram of 5#-9# prepared in Examples 5-9;
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the compressive strength performance analysis of cement paste test block, 1#-9# prepared in Examples 1-9, where a is cement paste test block, 1# ⁇ prepared in Examples 1-4 4# compression performance analysis diagram, b is the cement paste test block, the compression performance analysis diagram 5#-9# prepared in Examples 5-9;
  • Fig. 7 is a preparation flow chart of cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material.
  • a composite thermal insulation material (1#) is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • a composite thermal insulation material (2#) is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • a composite thermal insulation material (3#) is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • a composite thermal insulation material (#), the composite thermal insulation material is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, which includes the following components according to quality:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • a composite thermal insulation material (10#) is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • a composite thermal insulation material (11#), the composite thermal insulation material is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose
  • viscosity is 200,000MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • a composite thermal insulation material (13#), the composite thermal insulation material is a cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material, and includes the following components in parts by mass:
  • the coupling agent is a liquid silane coupling agent
  • the redispersible latex powder is a solid powder
  • the polypropylene fiber length is between 6mm and 12mm
  • the cellulose ether is a solid powder hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose has a viscosity of 100000 MPa ⁇ s.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite thermal insulation material includes the following steps (as shown in Figure 7):
  • the cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite composite thermal insulation material (1#-13#) prepared in Examples 1-13 is off-white.
  • the performance analysis of various parameters includes:
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface morphology of the raw material diatomaceous earth and the silica aerogel-diatomite materials in Examples 1 to 4, where a is diatomaceous earth, and b, c, and d are examples 1 to in sequence.
  • the prepared silica aerogel-diatomite material, e and f are the silica aerogel-diatomite material prepared in Example 4; from the microstructure diagram, it can be seen that the diatomite is a porous cake
  • the surface of the shape structure has a pore distribution similar to sieve pores. After the silica aerogel-diatomite material is formed, the pores of the diatomite become less and the specific surface area is greatly reduced. It can be seen from the figure that as the amount of diatomite increases, silica aerogel cannot completely fill the pores of diatomite, and some of the pores are exposed.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves of diatomaceous earth as a raw material and the silica aerogel-diatomaceous earth materials in Examples 1 to 4. It can be seen from the test results that the specific surface area of diatomaceous earth is relatively small, and the specific surface area of silica aerogel is known to be large. The maximum pore diameter of diatomaceous earth is about 4nm, and most of the micropores are visible from the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm. As the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth to silica aerogel increases, the specific surface area of the silica aerogel-diatomite material changes from 554.465 m of the silica aerogel-diatomite material in Example 1.
  • silica aerogel-diatomite material in Example 4 decreased to 84.009m 2 /g of the silica aerogel-diatomite material in Example 4, which is getting closer and closer to the specific surface area of diatomaceous earth, the pore diameter dropped to about 4nm, and the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm was The characteristics of type I isotherm indicate that the silica aerogel-diatomite material is a microporous material, and the maximum pore size is about 2.2nm, which is consistent with the pore structure of silica aerogel.
  • the dioxide Silica aerogel effectively fills the pores of diatomite and is effectively adsorbed under negative pressure to form a silica aerogel-diatomite material; as the amount of diatomite increases, silica aerogel-diatomite The specific surface area of the material is getting smaller and smaller, which is consistent with the analysis result of scanning electron microscopy.
  • Fig. 3 is an XRD test diagram of diatomaceous earth as a raw material, silica aerogel prepared without adding diatomaceous earth, and silica aerogel-diatomite materials in Examples 1, 2, and 4. It can be seen from the figure that the peak intensity of silica aerogel-diatomite material is different, which is caused by the different content of diatomite in the silica aerogel-diatomite material. -Compared with the XRD patterns of diatomaceous earth materials and the XRD patterns of silica aerogels prepared without diatomaceous earth, no new peaks are produced, indicating that the invention adds diatomite negative pressure adsorption after the gel No new substances have been produced.
  • Figure 4 is the FT-IR test diagram of the diatomite as the raw material, the silica aerogel prepared without adding diatomite, and the silica aerogel-diatomite materials in Examples 1, 2, and 4. It can be seen that the figure is the superposition of diatomaceous earth and silica aerogel. At the same time, it can be seen that there is no new peak shape. Therefore, the silica aerogel is mixed in the preparation process. The silica aerogel-diatomite material formed by adding diatomite does not generate new substances, the structure remains unchanged, and the thermal insulation material is stable.
  • Figure 5 is a thermal conductivity analysis diagram of cement paste test blocks and 1#-9# prepared in Examples 1-9.
  • Figure 5(a) is the analysis diagram of the thermal conductivity of the cement paste test block and Examples 1 to 4.
  • FIG. 5(b) is the thermal conductivity analysis diagram of Examples 5-9. According to the above experimental results, with the increase of the amount of silica aerogel-diatomite material, the thermal conductivity varies from 5# to 8# It shows a decreasing trend, but the extent of the decrease is different; the thermal conductivity of Examples 5-9# increases greatly after water absorption, and water absorption has an adverse effect on the thermal conductivity.
  • Fig. 6 is an analysis diagram of the compressive strength performance of cement paste test blocks and 1#-9# prepared in Examples 1-9.
  • Figure 6(a) is the analysis diagram of the compressive performance of the cement paste test block and Examples 1 to 4.
  • the compressive strength of cement-based silica aerogel-diatomite material is higher than that of pure cement
  • the compressive strength of the test block has been greatly reduced, and the compressive strength of the cement-based composite test block after adding silica aerogel-diatomite material is significantly reduced.
  • the silica aerogel-diatomite material With the increase of the content of medium diatomite, the compressive strength of 1# ⁇ 4# gradually increases.
  • Figure 6(b) is the analysis diagram of the compressive strength performance of Examples 5-9.
  • the compressive strength under wet conditions is about 13% lower than that under complete dry conditions.
  • the minimum compressive strength under dry conditions is about 3MPa and the highest is After being saturated with water absorption, the compressive strength is in the range of 1.6 to 4.3 MPa.
  • Fig. 7 is a preparation flow chart of cement-based silica aerogel/diatomite composite thermal insulation material.
  • thermal insulation material of the present invention as a building thermal insulation material can effectively reduce the range of indoor and outdoor heat transfer in a building, reduce indoor temperature fluctuations, achieve indoor thermal insulation, reduce the use of building heating or air conditioning, and realize Building energy efficiency.

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Abstract

提供一种复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法,该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括:二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料40~70份、水泥100份、聚丙烯纤维0.4~1.2份、偶联剂4.2~5.1份、纤维素醚0.56~1.2份、可再分散乳胶粉2.8~5.1份。该复合保温隔热材料以粉煤灰为原材料、硅藻土作为强度支撑材料,通过高温煅烧、溶胶凝胶、负压吸附、水浴改性、常压干燥等步骤得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料,之后与水泥及适量外加剂干拌均匀加水搅拌得到,该制备方法简单、成本低,得到复合保温隔热材料的应用性能好,强度满足建筑使用要求。

Description

一种复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法,属于保温隔热材料领域。
背景技术
随着全球变暖日益加剧,海平面逐年上升,建筑节能已经成了建筑行业发展过程中不可避免的问题。而使用保温隔热材料是实现建筑节能的重要途径,二氧化硅气凝胶作为目前密度最低的固体材料是保温隔热方面研究热点,传统的制备方法采用有机溶剂作为原料,经超临界干燥制备而成,设备费用投资高,参数控制复杂,耗时长,不能连续生产,过程中可能会释放易燃、有毒溶剂蒸汽,安全性低。近年来常压干燥、廉价制备成为新的研究热点,但常压干燥下二氧化硅气凝胶质量有待提高,易开裂收缩,副产品多,溶剂浪费量大,溶剂置换过程耗时长。
发明内容
技术问题:为了克服现有技术中的不足和问题,本发明的目的是提供一种复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法,具体为提供一种水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料及其制备方法,过程简单、成本低廉、易于工业化生产且有一定强度,克服了二氧化硅气凝胶由于价格昂贵且强度太低无法大量应用于建筑行业的缺点,物保温材料调节室内温度,可以大幅降低水泥基材料的导热系数,大大节约能源。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种复合保温隔热材料,该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000001
其中:
所述的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料中,不添加硅藻土的二氧化硅气凝胶比表面积≥400m 2/g,硅藻土为粒径≤300目超细硅藻土。
所述的聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间,所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂。
所述的纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000~200000MPa·s,80目过筛率≥98%;所述的可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末,400um孔径筛筛余量小于等于4%,固含量≥99%。
所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料的室温导热系数范围为0.13~0.27W/(m·K),抗压强度范围为3~5MPa。
本发明提供了一种复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合研磨,之后高温煅烧处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸水解煅烧混合物,之后调节PH至3~7之间,静置陈化后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后按照硅凝胶与硅藻土的质量比为1:1~1:5加入硅藻土,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h~48h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:1:1~8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔8~24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温~40℃干燥12~24h、100~130℃干燥2~4h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀,得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
其中:
步骤1)所述的将粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合研磨,是指将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:0.8~1:1.5混合研磨至200目以下。
步骤1)所述的粉煤灰粒径过200目筛;步骤1)所述高温煅烧处理是指在750~850℃温度下高温煅烧处理1.5~2h。
步骤2)所述的可行酸为硫酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、磷酸、草酸或者硝酸;步骤2)所述的之后调节PH至3~7中所用调节试剂为氨水,步骤2)所述静置陈化时长为1d~2d。
步骤6)所述的加水搅拌均匀中,加入水的质量为水泥质量的1~2倍。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优势:
1、本发明提供的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,以粉煤灰制备二氧化硅湿凝胶并嵌入硅藻土中经分级干燥制得,它克服了有机保温隔热材料易燃及传统无机保温隔热材料导热系数相对较高的缺点,同时还克服了二氧化硅气凝胶制备工艺复杂、原料成本高昂应用范围小的缺点。
2、本发明以二氧化硅气凝胶作为保温隔热材料,用硅藻土作为二氧化硅气凝胶的支撑材料,将保温隔热材料引入水泥材料中,制备得到的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料导热系数低,保温隔热性能良好,其导热系数随着保温隔热材料二氧化硅气凝胶的增加而降低。
3、本发明所述水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料的力学性能方面:弥补现有二氧化硅气凝胶保温隔热材料隔热性能好但强度过低,成本高昂的缺陷,水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料强度随保温隔热材料掺量的增加而降低,最低为3MPa,满足砌筑砂浆建筑使用力学性能要求,弥补现有二氧化硅气凝胶保温隔热材料隔热性能好但强度过低的缺陷。
4、本发明制备水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料所用的原料来源广泛,制备成本低,克服了现有技术中成本高昂的缺陷,且制备方法设备简单,操作方便,易于工业化生产。
说明书附图
图1为原材料硅藻土以及实施例1~4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的表面形态扫描电镜照片,其中a为硅藻土,b、c、d依次为实施例1~3制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料,e、f均为实施例4制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
图2为原材料硅藻土以及实施例1~4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的氮气吸附脱附曲线图;
图3为原材料硅藻土、不添加硅藻土制备的二氧化硅气凝胶及实施例1、2、 4中制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的XRD测试图;
图4为原材料硅藻土、不添加硅藻土制备的二氧化硅气凝胶及实施例1、2、4中制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的FT-IR测试图;
图5为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~9制备得到的1#~9#的导热性能分析图,其中a为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~4制备得到的1#~4#的导热性能分析图,b为水泥净浆试块、实施例5~9制备得到的5#~9#的导热性能分析图;
图6为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~9制备得到的1#~9#的抗压强度性能分析图,其中a为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~4制备得到的1#~4#的抗压性能分析图,b为水泥净浆试块、实施例5~9制备得到的5#~9#的抗压性能分析图;
图7为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料的制备流程图。
具体实施方案
以下结合具体实施方案进一步阐述本发明,
实施例1
一种复合保温隔热材料(1#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000002
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将20质量份硅藻土加入20质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.82倍,得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例2
一种复合保温隔热材料(2#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000003
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将26.7质量份硅藻土加入 13.3质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.82倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例3
一种复合保温隔热材料(3#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000004
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将30质量份硅藻土加入10质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土 完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.82倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例4
一种复合保温隔热材料(4#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000005
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将32质量份硅藻土加入8质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.82倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例5
一种复合保温隔热材料(5#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000006
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将27.7质量份硅藻土加入13.3质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液, 之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.3倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例6
一种复合保温隔热材料(6#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000007
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将33.3质量份硅藻土加入16.7质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或 漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.3倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例7
一种复合保温隔热材料(7#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000008
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将40质量份硅藻土加入20质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.3倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例8
一种复合保温隔热材料(8#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000009
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将47.7质量份硅藻土加入23.3质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥 直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.3倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例9
一种复合保温隔热材料(9#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000010
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.5,混合研磨至200目以下,之后850℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硫酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=3,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将27.7质量份硅藻土加入13.3质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温干燥24h、100℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.4倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例10
一种复合保温隔热材料(10#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000011
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:0.8,混合研磨至200目以下,之后800℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸磷酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=5,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将40质量份硅藻土加入20质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:1:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,40℃干燥24h、120℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤 维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的2倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例11
一种复合保温隔热材料(11#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000012
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1,混合研磨至200目以下,之后750℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸硝酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=7,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将20质量份硅藻土加入10质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附24h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:1:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔12h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,40℃干燥12h、130℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的 1.5倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例12
一种复合保温隔热材料(12#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000013
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度200000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.2,混合研磨至200目以下,之后830℃高温煅烧1.8h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸盐酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=4,静置陈化置1.5d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将50质量份硅藻土加入10质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附20h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:1.5:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔8h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,40℃干燥16h、110℃干燥3h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.6倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例13
一种复合保温隔热材料(13#),该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-000014
其中:所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂,可再分散乳胶粉可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末、聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间、纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000MPa·s。
一种上述复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤(如图7所示):
1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:1.3,混合研磨至200目以下,之后770℃高温煅烧2h处理得到煅烧混合物;
2)用可行酸氢氟酸水解煅烧混合物,之后5mol/L氨水溶液调节PH=7,静置陈化置1d后生成硅凝胶;
3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后将35质量份硅藻土加入15质量份的硅凝胶中,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附24h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
4)按照体积比8:1.8:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔12h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,40℃干燥12h、130℃干燥2h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀(加水量为水泥质量的1.4倍),得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
实施例1~13制备得到的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料 (1#~13#)呈现灰白色。对实施例1~9所用原料及制备得到的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,进行各项参数性能分析包括:
1、使用扫描电镜分析了硅藻土以及二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的微观结构;
2、通过全自动比表面积分析仪测定原材料和二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的比表面积及孔隙结构,判断硅藻土和二氧化硅气凝胶复合效果,硅藻土孔隙是否被二氧化硅气凝胶有效填充;
3、运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线荧光光谱实验对二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料化学成分进行了研究分析;
4、采用DRE-2C非稳态热工传感器对水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料和未添加保温隔热材料的净浆试块进行导热性能分析比较,观察二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料对水泥基材料保温隔热性能的影响;
5、使用水泥恒应力抗折抗压试验机进行水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料抗压强度测试。
6、测试了饱水及烘干至恒重情况下导热系数及抗压强度的变化,分析潮湿环境对水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料使用性能的影响。
测试结果显示水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的含量与导热系数、抗压强度大致呈现负相关关系;水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料中硅藻土掺量与复合保温隔热材料密度、导热系数、抗压强度呈正相关关系,与比表面积呈负相关关系;同时在潮湿环境下,水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料导热系数上升明显,抗压强度下降13%左右,具体如图1~6所示:
图1为原材料硅藻土以及实施例1~4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的表面形态扫描电镜照片,其中a为硅藻土,b、c、d依次为实施例1~3制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料,e、f均为实施例4制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;从微观结构图可知硅藻土呈多孔饼状结构表面有类似于筛孔状孔隙分布,形成二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料之后,硅藻土的孔隙变少,比表面积大幅下降。从图中可以看出,随着硅藻土量的增多,二氧化硅气凝胶不能完全填充硅藻土孔隙,有部分孔隙外露。
图2为原材料硅藻土以及实施例1~4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的氮气 吸附脱附曲线图。由测试结果可见,硅藻土的比表面积较小,已知二氧化硅气凝胶比表面积很大,硅藻土最可几孔径约4nm,由氮气吸附脱附等温线可见微孔居多。随着硅藻土与二氧化硅气凝胶质量比增大,二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的比表面积由实施例1中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的554.465m 2/g降至实施例4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的84.009m 2/g,越来越接近硅藻土比表面积,孔径降至4nm左右,氮气吸附脱附等温线呈Ⅰ型等温线特征,表明二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料为微孔材料,且最可几孔径2.2nm左右,符合二氧化硅气凝胶孔结构特征,结合SEM照片,表明二氧化硅气凝胶有效填充硅藻土孔隙,负压时被有效吸附,形成二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;随着硅藻土掺量增多,二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的比表面积越来越小,这一点与扫面电镜照片分析结果相符。
图3为原材料硅藻土、不添加硅藻土制备的二氧化硅气凝胶及实施例1、2、4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料XRD测试图。由图可知,二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的峰的强度不同,是由于二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料中硅藻土的掺量不同导致,二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料XRD图谱与硅藻土以及不添加硅藻土制备的二氧化硅气凝胶XRD图谱相比并未产生新的峰值,说明本发明在凝胶后加入硅藻土负压吸附并未产生新的物质。
图4为原材料硅藻土、不添加硅藻土制备的二氧化硅气凝胶及实施例1、2、4中二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料的FT-IR测试图。从中可以得到该图正是硅藻土与二氧化硅气凝胶的叠加得到的,同时由图还可以看到并未出现任何新的峰形,因此在二氧化硅气凝胶制备过程中掺入硅藻土形成的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料中并未生成新的物质,结构依然保持不变,保温隔热材料稳定。
图5为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~9制备得到的1#~9#的导热性能分析图。图5(a)为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~4导热性能分析图,通过图中湿环境及完全干燥环境下的对比,整体上可以看出,在水泥基材料中添加二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料后,无论是在湿养护条件下还是在恒温至恒重条件下其导热系数均明显降低,说明添加二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料会明显提升水泥的保温性能;其他条件不变的情况下,随着二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料中硅藻土掺量的增多,水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料导热系数从1#到4#逐 渐上升,这是由于硅藻土含量增多,二氧化硅气凝胶无法完全覆盖其孔隙,热量传递时沿导热系数较高的硅藻土传递,形成热桥效应,导致导热系数偏高。图5(b)为实施例5~9导热性能分析图,通过上述实验结果可以得出,随着二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料掺量的增多,导热系数从5#~8#呈现递减趋势,但是减少的幅度不同;吸水后实施例5~9#导热系数大幅上升,吸水对导热系数有不利影响。
图6为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~9制备得到的1#~9#的抗压强度性能分析图。图6(a)为水泥净浆试块、实施例1~4抗压性能分析图,通过上述实验结果可以得出,水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料抗压强度比纯水泥试块抗压强度有大幅降低,加入二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料后的水泥基复合材料试块的抗压强度明显变小,随着二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料中硅藻土掺量的增加,1#~4#的抗压强度逐渐增大,这是由于硅藻土的强度大于二氧化硅气凝胶。图6(b)为实施例5~9抗压强度性能分析图,潮湿环境下抗压强度比完全干燥情况下抗压强度下降13%左右,干燥情况下抗压强度最低为3MPa左右,最高为5.1MPa,吸水饱和后,抗压强度范围为1.6~4.3MPa。
图7为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶/硅藻土复合保温隔热材料的制备流程图。
以上描述了本发明的基本原理,主要特征和本发明的优点,本行业技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施案例的限制,以上实施例和说明书中描述的只说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进都将入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围内所附的权利要求书以等效物界定。将本发明的保温隔热材料用作建筑物的保温材料,可以有效地降低建筑物室内外热量传递幅度,降低室内温度波动,做到室内保温隔热,减少建筑供暖或空调的使用,实现了建筑节能。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复合保温隔热材料,其特征在于:该复合保温隔热材料为水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料,按照质量份包括以下组分:
    Figure PCTCN2019111834-appb-100001
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种复合保温隔热材料,其特征在于:所述的二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料中,不添加硅藻土时的二氧化硅气凝胶比表面积≥400m 2/g,硅藻土为粒径≤300目超细硅藻土。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种复合保温隔热材料,其特征在于:所述的聚丙烯纤维长度介于6mm~12mm之间,所述的偶联剂为液态硅烷偶联剂。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种复合保温隔热材料,其特征在于:所述的纤维素醚为固体粉末羟丙基甲基纤维素,粘度100000~200000MPa·s,80目过筛率≥98%;所述的可再分散乳胶粉为固体粉末,400um孔径筛筛余量小于等于4%,固含量≥99%。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种复合保温隔热材料,其特征在于:所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料的室温导热系数范围为0.13~0.27W/(m·K),抗压强度范围为3~5MPa。
  6. 一种如权利要求1~5任意所述的复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法包括以下步骤:
    1)将粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合研磨,之后高温煅烧处理得到煅烧混合物;
    2)用可行酸水解煅烧混合物,之后调节PH至3~7之间,静置陈化后生成硅凝胶;
    3)依次用去离子水、乙醇多次洗涤硅凝胶,之后按照硅凝胶与硅藻土的质量比为1:1~1:5加入硅藻土,搅拌均匀后置于真空条件下进行负压吸附12h~48h至硅藻土完全进入凝胶中,得到复合材料;
    4)按照体积比8:1:1~8:2:1将正己烷、三甲基氯硅烷和乙醇混合配置得到 改性液,之后将复合材料浸泡在改性液中改性,每隔8~24h更换改性液直至复合材料悬浮或漂浮在改性液中后取出,用正己烷洗涤后得到改性复合材料;
    5)对改性复合材料进行分级干燥,室温~40℃干燥12~24h、100~130℃干燥2~4h,重复干燥直至恒重,得到二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料;
    6)按比例将二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土材料、水泥、聚丙烯纤维、偶联剂、纤维素醚和可再分散乳胶粉干拌均匀,之后加水搅拌均匀,得到所述的水泥基二氧化硅气凝胶-硅藻土复合保温隔热材料。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述的将粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合研磨,是指将粉煤灰与碳酸钠按照质量比1:0.8~1:1.5混合研磨至200目以下。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的一种复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述的粉煤灰粒径过200目筛;步骤1)所述高温煅烧处理是指在750~850℃温度下高温煅烧处理1.5~2h。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的一种复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)所述的可行酸为硫酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、磷酸、草酸或者硝酸;步骤2)所述的之后调节PH至3~7中所用调节试剂为氨水,步骤2)所述静置陈化时长为1d~2d。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的一种复合保温隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤6)所述的加水搅拌均匀中,加入水的质量为水泥质量的1~2倍。
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