WO2021039269A1 - 脂肪代謝促進剤 - Google Patents
脂肪代謝促進剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021039269A1 WO2021039269A1 PCT/JP2020/029309 JP2020029309W WO2021039269A1 WO 2021039269 A1 WO2021039269 A1 WO 2021039269A1 JP 2020029309 W JP2020029309 W JP 2020029309W WO 2021039269 A1 WO2021039269 A1 WO 2021039269A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
- A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fat metabolism promoter or the like containing a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms.
- Obesity refers to a state in which fat is excessively accumulated, and is one of the causes of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
- lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
- adjustment of calorie intake by dietary restriction and adjustment of calorie consumption by exercise and the like are performed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a composition containing arginine, alanine and phenylalanine as active ingredients, and by increasing the content of arginine, alanine and phenylalanine in the composition to a predetermined amount or more, an obese person It is described that it can promote lipid metabolism in.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique capable of promoting fat metabolism.
- the present inventor can promote fat metabolism by ingesting a compound represented by the following general formula (1) having an octanol / water partition coefficient (logPow) in the range of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less.
- the heading has completed the present invention.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- General formula (1) (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms) as an active ingredient.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a fat metabolism promoter having a logPow representing an octanol / water partition coefficient of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less.
- Whichever R 1 is selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, and an n-heptyl group.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (1) are ethyl caproate, methyl caproate, propyl caproate, butyl caproate, pentyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, and the like. It is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of isoamyl caproate, pentyl acetate, heptyl acetate, methyl caprylate, ethyl 4-methylpentanoate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and ethyl pentanoate, [1] to [3]. ]
- the fat metabolism promoter according to any one of.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a body heat production promoter having a logPow representing an octanol / water partition coefficient of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less.
- General formula (1) for promoting fat metabolism Use of a compound represented by (in the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms).
- General formula (1) for producing a fat metabolism promoter Use of a compound represented by (in the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms).
- General formula (1) for promoting body heat production Use of a compound represented by (in the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms).
- General formula (1) for producing a body heat production promoter Use of a compound represented by (in the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms).
- a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity wherein the general formula (1): (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms), which contains a compound represented by the treatment and /. Or a preventive agent. [14]
- test 1 It is a figure which shows the measurement condition of the respiratory quotient (test 1). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the rate of change of a respiratory quotient and time (test 1). It is a figure which shows the measurement condition of the body temperature (test 2). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the skin temperature and time between shoulder blades (examination 2). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the eardrum temperature and time (test 2). It is a figure which shows the measurement condition of the body temperature (test 3). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the skin temperature and time between shoulder blades (examination 3). It is a graph which shows the ratio of the amount of glycerol released (Test 4).
- test 7 It is a graph which shows the average value of the amount of lipid oxidation at rest and at the time of exercise (test 7). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the skin temperature and time between scapula (test 8). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the eardrum temperature and time (test 8). It is a graph which shows the maximum value of the change amount ( ⁇ RFU) of RFU before and after addition of an accelerator (test 9).
- an "alkyl group” that does not explicitly indicate substitution or unsubstituted includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group). I will do it.
- the present embodiment relates to a fat metabolism promoter that promotes fat metabolism.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as “compound (1)”).
- the compound (1) contained in the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment has an octanol / water partition coefficient (logPow) of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are independent of each other.
- R 1 and R 2 alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms
- the alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 may be a straight chain or a branched chain.
- the alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 may or may not form a ring.
- the alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 preferably do not form a ring.
- the alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having no substituent such as a hydroxy group or a benzyl group. ..
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group and an isopropyl group (1-methylethyl group).
- the alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 1 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group and n-butyl group.
- the n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, n-hexyl group, and n-heptyl group are preferable.
- the alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms of R 2 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group and n-butyl.
- alkyl group of R 1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, or isopentyl.
- the alkyl group of R 2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, or 2-methylbutyl.
- a combination of groups, n-hexyl groups, or n-heptyl groups is preferred.
- the octanol / water partition coefficient is the two phases (1-octanol phase and water phase) when compound (1) is added to two solvent phases of 1-octanol and water to reach an equilibrium state.
- Pow is a physicochemical index showing the hydrophobicity of a chemical substance, and is generally represented by a log power. The smaller the logPower value, the more hydrophilic the product, and the larger the log power value, the more lipophilic.
- the logPow representing the octanol / water partition coefficient can be measured by the method described in JIS Z 7260-107 (2000). Further, the octanol / water partition coefficient (logPow) may be a value calculated by commercially available software using a quantitative structure-activity relationship algorithm, software on the web, or the like. Quantitative structure-activity relationship algorithms include, for example, the XLOGP3 algorithm, which is an atomic-based approach. Regarding XLOGP3, for example, "Computation of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients by Guiding an Adaptive Model with Knowledge.” Journal of Octanol-Water7, There is.
- XlogP octanol / water partition coefficient
- PubChem http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#
- Examples of the compound (1) include ethyl caproate (ethyl hexanoate), methyl caproate (methyl hexanoate), propyl caproate (propyl hexanoate), butyl caproate (butyl hexanoate), and pentyl caproate (hexane).
- Pentilate ethyl capriate (ethyl octanate), isoamyl acetate (3-methylbutyl acetate), isoamyl propionate (3-methylbutyl propanoate), isoamyl butyrate (3-methylbutyl butanoate), isoamyl caproate (3 hexanoate) -Methylbutyl), pentyl acetate, heptyl acetate, methyl caproate (methyl octanate), ethyl 4-methylvalerate (ethyl 4-methylpentanoate), 2-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl valerate (ethyl pentanate), etc.
- compound (1) includes ethyl caproate, propyl caproate, butyl caproate, pentyl caproate, ethyl caprilate, isoamyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, isoamyl caproate, and pentyl acetate.
- Heptyl acetate or ethyl 4-methylvalerate is preferred, and ethyl caproate or isoamyl acetate is even more preferred.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment may be used in combination of two or more compounds (1).
- Ethyl caproate is a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- Isoamyl acetate is a compound represented by the following formula (3).
- the compound (1) contained in the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment may be biosynthesized by an organism or chemically synthesized (chemically synthesized). Further, as the compound (1) contained in the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment, a commercially available product may be used. For example, ethyl caproate and isoamyl acetate can be biosynthesized by yeast. The biosynthesis of ethyl caproate by yeast is described in, for example, JP-A-2011-182745, and the biosynthesis of isoamyl acetate by yeast is described in JP-A-10-276767, for example.
- the blending amount of the compound (1) in the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but the daily intake of the compound (1) for an adult is 0.0017 mg or more and 1.8 mg or less. It is preferable that the amount is 0.017 mg or more and 1.8 mg or less. Regarding the blending amount of ethyl caproate, it is more preferable that the daily intake of compound (1) for adults is 0.017 mg or more and 0.17 mg or less, and the blending amount of isoamyl acetate is for adults. It is more preferable that the daily intake of the compound (1) is 0.018 mg or more and 0.18 mg or less.
- the intake (per day) of compound (1) per adult body weight is preferably 0.028 ⁇ g / kg or more and 30 ⁇ g / kg or less, and more preferably 0.28 ⁇ g / kg or more and 30 ⁇ g / kg or less.
- the intake of ethyl caproate (per day) is more preferably 0.28 ⁇ g / kg or more and 2.8 ⁇ g / kg or less, and the intake of isoamyl acetate (per day) is 0.30 ⁇ g / kg or more 3 More preferably, it is 0.0 ⁇ g / kg or less.
- the form of use of the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be any form of use such as pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, foods and drinks, and additives.
- the state of the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be any state such as a liquid, a solid, a semi-solid, and a gel body.
- the method of ingesting the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can be appropriately set according to the mode of use and the state, and is not particularly limited, but can be ingested, for example, orally.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment may contain other components other than the compound (1) in addition to the compound (1).
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment when the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is a drug, a non-pharmaceutical product, or a food or drink, the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment includes, in addition to compound (1), an excipient, a binder, etc. Stabilizers, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, suspending agents, coating agents, solvents (eg, ethanol, etc.) and components contained in foods or beverages may be contained.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment when used as a food or drink, it may be a normal food or drink, but it may also be a special purpose food such as a food for specified health use, a nutritionally functional food, or a food with functional claims.
- Foods and drinks include, for example, nutritional supplements, milk, milk drinks, soft drinks (for example, carbonated drinks, non-alcoholic drinks, juices, coffee drinks, tea drinks, mineral water, sports drinks, etc.), soy milk drinks.
- Lactobacillus beverages cocoa
- alcoholic beverages eg beer, sparkling liquor, other brewed liquors, liqueurs, Japanese liquor, sweet liquor, wine, shochu, etc.
- processed milk fermented milk
- formula powder beverages prepared from instant powder and Other beverages, cereals, yogurt, cheese, bread, pizza crust, ice cream, biscuits, crackers, candy, gummy, gum and other confectionery, liquid foods, sick foods, infant milk powder, etc., for lactating women Foods such as milk powder, feeds, etc. can be mentioned.
- the dosage form of the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the usage form and state of the fat metabolism promoter.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is used as a food or drink such as a drug, a quasi drug, or a supplement, it is used as a dosage form such as a tablet, a pill, a capsule, a granule, a powder, a powder, or a syrup. be able to.
- the ingestor who ingests the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is not limited to humans, and may be animals other than humans.
- non-human animals include non-human higher vertebrates, especially non-human mammals, and more specifically, pet animals such as dogs and cats, and domestic animals such as cows, horses, pigs, and sheep. can do.
- the ingestor is not particularly limited, but may be an ingestor who adjusts the calorie intake by dietary restriction or the like, and is an ingestor who adjusts the energy consumption calorie by exercise or the like. There may be.
- exercise may be performed after ingestion of the fat metabolism promoter.
- a bicycle rowing exercise using an exercise bike registered trademark
- the load can be 30 W or more
- the rotation speed can be 60 rpm or more
- the exercise time can be 30 minutes or more.
- exercise can be started immediately after ingestion of the fat metabolism promoter and up to 2 hours after ingestion.
- fat metabolism is a general term for each reaction that occurs until fat is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide.
- Fat metabolism includes a reaction that decomposes fat into free fatty acids and glycerol (hereinafter, also referred to as "lipolysis") and a reaction that decomposes free fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water (hereinafter, also referred to as "fat burning"). Is done.
- lipolysis free fatty acids and glycerol
- fat burning a reaction that decomposes free fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water
- the fact that fat metabolism is promoted means that by ingesting the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment, the fat becomes more fat as compared with the case where the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is not ingested. Refers to being metabolized.
- fat metabolism is promoted, so that each reaction such as lipolysis and fat burning is promoted.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment promotes fat metabolism has not been clarified, but the octanol / water distribution coefficient (logPow) of compound (1) is in the range of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less.
- the compound (1) can easily permeate the cell membrane, and the alkyl groups represented by R 1 and R 2 in the compound (1) have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 carbon atoms. Or, it is considered that even if compound (1) is decomposed by esterase in the cell, it can interact with the binding site of the ion channel existing in the cell.
- the temperature-sensitive ion channel Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (hereinafter, also referred to as “TRPA1”) expressed in the sensory nerve is activated by the compound (1) and is activated by neurotransmission. It is thought to promote fat metabolism. Another reason for promoting fat metabolism is that compound (1) can easily permeate the cell membrane, so that compound (1) absorbed from the digestive tract acts on adipocytes (or fat) to cause fat. It is considered to promote the metabolism of.
- a composition for promoting fat metabolism containing the compound (1) and the above-mentioned components other than the compound (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as “other components”). Is included.
- a food or drink composition for promoting fat metabolism containing the compound (1) and other components that can be contained in food or drink (hereinafter, also referred to as “food and drink components”).
- the food and drink composition for promoting fat metabolism may be a normal food or drink, but may be a special purpose food such as a food for specified health use, a nutritionally functional food, or a food with functional claims.
- This fat metabolism promoting composition (or fat metabolism promoting food and drink composition) can also promote fat metabolism in the same manner as the fat metabolism promoting agent of the present embodiment.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to other components.
- Other components to which a fat metabolism promoter is added as an additive can be used as a fat metabolism promoting composition that promotes fat metabolism.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to food and drink components.
- the food and drink component to which the fat metabolism promoter is added as an additive can be used as a food and drink composition for promoting fat metabolism that promotes fat metabolism.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can promote a reaction (lipolysis) that decomposes fat into free fatty acids and glycerol. Therefore, the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can be used as a lipolysis promoter that promotes the decomposition of fat (that is, it can be a lipolysis promoter having the same composition as the lipolysis promoter). ).
- to promote the decomposition of fat means to promote the fat metabolism promoter (or lipolysis promoter) of the present embodiment by ingesting the fat metabolism promoter (or lipolysis promoter) of the present embodiment. ) Is more decomposed than when not ingested.
- the lipolysis accelerator includes a composition for promoting lipolysis containing the compound (1) and other components other than the compound (1).
- one aspect of the composition for promoting lipolysis includes a food and drink composition for promoting lipolysis containing the compound (1) and other components (food and drink components) that can be contained in the food and drink.
- the food or drink composition for promoting lipolysis may be a normal food or drink, but may be a special purpose food such as a food for specified health use, a nutritionally functional food, or a food with functional claims.
- This lipolysis promoting composition (or a food or drink composition for promoting lipolysis) can also promote the decomposition of fat in the same manner as the lipolysis promoting agent.
- the lipolysis accelerator of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to other components.
- Other components to which a lipolysis accelerator is added as an additive can be used as a composition for promoting lipolysis that promotes the decomposition of fat.
- the lipolysis accelerator of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to food and drink components.
- the food and drink component to which the lipolysis accelerator is added as an additive can be used as a food and drink composition for promoting lipolysis that promotes the decomposition of fat.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can promote a reaction (fat burning) that decomposes free fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can be used as a fat burning promoter that promotes the decomposition of free fatty acids (that is, it can be used as a fat burning promoter having the same composition as the fat metabolism promoter). it can).
- promoting fat burning means that by ingesting the fat metabolism promoter (or fat burning promoter) of the present embodiment, the fat metabolism promoter (or fat burning promoter) of the present embodiment is taken. ) Is burned more than when not ingested.
- One aspect of the fat burning accelerator includes a composition for promoting fat burning containing the compound (1) and other components other than the compound (1).
- one aspect of the composition for promoting fat burning includes a food and drink composition for promoting fat burning containing the compound (1) and other components (food and drink components) contained in the food and drink.
- the food and drink composition for promoting fat burning may be a normal food or drink, but may be a special purpose food such as a food for specified health use, a nutritionally functional food, or a food with functional claims.
- This fat burning promoting composition can also promote fat burning in the same manner as the fat burning promoting agent.
- the fat burning accelerator of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to other components other than compound (1).
- Other components to which a fat burning accelerator is added as an additive can be used as a fat burning promoting composition that promotes fat burning.
- the fat burning accelerator of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to food and drink components.
- the food and drink component to which the fat burning accelerator is added as an additive can be used as a food and drink composition for promoting fat burning that promotes fat burning.
- the compound (1) is used to promote fat metabolism (including lipolysis and fat burning), and includes a fat metabolism promoter (including a lipolysis promoter and a fat burning promoter). ) Is used to manufacture. That is, the above-described embodiment includes the use of the compound (1) for promoting fat metabolism and the use of the compound (1) for producing a fat metabolism promoter.
- the compound (1) used to promote fat metabolism and the compound (1) used to produce a fat metabolism promoter are the same as the compound (1) of the fat metabolism promoter described above. Since it is a configuration, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can promote fat metabolism (including lipolysis and fat burning). Acceleration of fat metabolism results in a decrease in blood triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, leading to treatment and / or prevention of various diseases associated with blood triglyceride or LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can be used for the treatment or prevention of diseases in which the symptoms are improved or the onset is prevented by promoting the metabolism of fat. Examples of such diseases include dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and the like.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment is at least one selected from the group consisting of dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. It can be used as a treatment and / or preventive agent for two diseases (with the same composition as the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia. , Arteriosclerosis, and / or a prophylactic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of metabolic syndrome).
- the compound (1) comprises dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. Used for the treatment and / or prevention of at least one disease selected from the group. That is, the above-mentioned embodiments relating to therapeutic agents and preventive agents are selected from the group consisting of dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. Includes the use of compound (1) for the treatment and / or prevention of at least one disease. Since the compound (1) used for the above-mentioned treatment and / or prevention has the same composition as the above-mentioned compound (1) of the fat metabolism promoter, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the compound (1) is used as dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. Used to produce a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of. That is, the above-mentioned embodiments relating to therapeutic agents and preventive agents are selected from the group consisting of dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. Includes the use of compound (1) to produce a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for at least one disease. Since the compound (1) used for producing the above-mentioned therapeutic and / or preventive agent has the same composition as the above-mentioned compound (1) of the fat metabolism promoting agent, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can also be used as a body heat production promoter that promotes the production of body heat (that is, a body heat production promoter having the same configuration as the fat metabolism promoter). be able to).
- promoting the production of body heat means that the fat metabolism promoter (or body heat) of the present embodiment is ingested by ingesting the fat metabolism promoter (or body heat production promoter) of the present embodiment. It means that more body heat is produced compared to the case of not taking a production promoter).
- the fat metabolism promoter (or body heat production promoter) of the present embodiment can promote the production of body heat. It is considered that the free fatty acids produced as a result of the promotion of fat decomposition as described above are decomposed by brown adipocytes and the like, and the energy generated at that time promotes the production of body heat. ..
- the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment can activate TRPA1. It is known that the activation of TRPA1 promotes the production of body heat (SawaiS et al., "The effect of carbonated water on body temperature", 2012, Agricultural Chemistry Annual Meeting Abstracts, Presentation Number. :.
- the fat metabolism promoter (or body heat production promoter) of the present embodiment can improve coldness.
- cold refers to a state in which parts such as limbs, hips, abdomen, back, and shoulders feel cold. There are various possible causes for coldness, but a decrease in body heat production is also considered to be one of the causes. In general, chronic coldness is called poor circulation regardless of the season or outside temperature. Symptoms associated with poor circulation include, for example, stiff shoulders, headache, swelling, insomnia, numbness in limbs, pain in limbs, pollakiuria, and low back pain.
- one aspect of the body heat production promoting agent includes a composition for promoting body heat production containing the compound (1) and other components other than the compound (1).
- one aspect of the composition for promoting body heat production includes a food and drink composition for promoting body heat production containing the compound (1) and other components (food and drink components) contained in the food and drink.
- the food and drink composition for promoting body heat production may be a normal food or drink, but may be a special purpose food such as a food for specified health use, a nutritionally functional food, or a food with functional claims.
- This composition for promoting body heat production (or a food or drink composition for promoting body heat production) can also promote the production of body heat in the same manner as the body heat production promoting agent.
- the body heat production promoter of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to the component other than the compound (1).
- Other components to which a body heat production promoter is added as an additive can be used as a composition for promoting body heat production that promotes the production of body heat.
- the body heat production promoter of the present embodiment can also be used as an additive added to food and drink components.
- the food and drink component to which the body heat production promoter is added as an additive can be used as a food and drink composition for promoting body heat production that promotes the production of body heat.
- the compound (1) is used to promote body heat production or is used to produce a body heat production promoter. That is, the above-described embodiment relating to the body heat production promoter includes the use of the compound (1) for promoting body heat production and the use of the compound (1) for producing the body heat production promoter. Is done.
- the compound (1) used for promoting body heat production and the compound (1) used for producing a body heat production promoter are the same as the above-mentioned compound (1) for fat metabolism promoter. Since the configurations are the same, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- test beverage was ingested by three subjects (adult males (BMI (Body Mass Index) 18.5 kg / m 2 or more and less than 25 kg / m 2 )), and the respiratory quotient of each subject was measured. ..
- As the test beverage 200 ml of water (Comparative Example 1) and 200 ml of a test solution (Examples 1 to 3) containing ethyl caproate at a concentration of 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm, respectively, were used.
- the test beverages of Examples 1 to 3 correspond to 0.017 mg, 0.17 mg, and 1.7 mg of ethyl caproate, respectively, as intake amounts.
- the logpower of ethyl caproate was 2.4 (calculated by the same method as in Test 9 described later). In Tests 2 to 7 described later, the description of logPow (2.4) of ethyl caproate is omitted.
- a preliminary measurement was performed prior to the measurement of respiratory quotient in this test.
- the subject started measuring the respiratory quotient after wearing a mask for measuring exhaled gas in a state of fasting for 12 hours from 21:00 the day before.
- the respiratory quotient measurement he sat in a chair for 10 minutes and rested.
- the mean value of the respiratory quotient for 5 minutes from 6 minutes to 10 minutes was obtained as the baseline respiratory quotient.
- the respiratory quotient was measured in a constant temperature and humidity laboratory set at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a humidity of 45 ⁇ 5%.
- the respiration during the respiratory quotient measurement was set to 4 seconds / time, and the subsequent measurements were also performed by the same method.
- the subject measured the respiratory quotient according to the conditions shown in FIG. 1 in a state of fasting for 12 hours from 21:00 the day before. Specifically, the subject first ingested 200 ml of the test beverage of Comparative Example 1 in 2 minutes. After ingesting the test beverage, he sat in a chair and rested for 30 minutes. Then, during 10 minutes, white rice (about 200 kcal) and 100 ml of water were ingested and a mask was put on. After wearing the mask, the respiratory quotient measurement was started. He sat in a chair and rested for 20 minutes after starting the respiratory quotient measurement.
- the respiratory quotient was measured under the same conditions as the 1st day of the test except that the test beverages of Examples 1 to 3 were ingested as the test beverage.
- the test beverage to be ingested was changed depending on the test date. Specifically, from the 2nd day to the 4th day of the test, the intake was made so that the concentration of ethyl caproate was gradually increased.
- a decrease in respiratory quotient means an increase in the amount of fat consumed. Therefore, from the results of this test, it was confirmed that the test beverages of Examples 1 to 3 promoted both lipolysis and fat burning, and promoted fat metabolism.
- Test 2 Body temperature measurement test-at rest
- Test method In this test, 200 ml of water was used as the test beverage of Comparative Example 2. As the test beverage of Example 4, 200 ml of a test solution containing ethyl caproate at a concentration of 1 ppm in water was used. Each subject was allowed to ingest different test beverages on the first and second days of the test. The test beverage of Example 4 corresponds to an intake of 0.17 mg of ethyl caproate. Moreover, since ethanol was used as the solvent for ethyl caproate in the test beverage of Example 4, the ethanol concentration of all the test beverages was unified to 0.0999%.
- Body temperature was measured under the conditions shown in Fig. 3, and the same conditions were used on the first and second days of the test. Specifically, the subject was admitted to a measurement room set at room temperature of 24 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. at 14:30, and was acclimatized to the environment for 40 minutes after wearing a thermometer. Next, the measurement of the body temperature was started at 15:10, and at 15:28, 200 ml of the test beverage warmed to 37 ° C. was ingested within 2 minutes. After that, the patient was rested for 60 minutes to continue the measurement of body temperature, and the measurement of body temperature was completed at 16:30. In consideration of the diurnal variation of autonomic nerve activity, the measurements on the first and second days of the test were performed at the same time.
- the measured value at 15:30 immediately after drinking the test drink is set as the initial value (0 minute data), and the measured value every 10 minutes from immediately after drinking the test drink to 16:30 at the end of the measurement (10, 20, 30, Based on 40, 50, and 60 minute measurements), the mean ⁇ standard error for each group at each time was calculated.
- Test results The results are shown in Table 1, FIG. 4, Table 2 and FIG. Tables 1 and 4 show the results regarding the skin temperature between the scapulas, and Tables 2 and 5 show the results regarding the eardrum temperature.
- the statistically significant difference was tested by a paired t-test (paired t-test) for the difference at the same time in each group.
- the significance level p ⁇ 0.05 was considered to be significant.
- data analysis was performed using Excel (manufactured by Microsoft).
- the eardrum temperature tended to decrease in the group ingesting the test beverage of Comparative Example 2, whereas it was similar in the group ingesting the test beverage of Example 4. No downward trend was observed.
- the eardrum temperature at 60 minutes was significantly lower than that at 0 minutes in the group ingesting the test beverage of Comparative Example 2, whereas in Example. No similar results were observed in the group that ingested the test beverage of No. 4.
- the increase in skin temperature between the scapula and the suppression of the decrease in eardrum temperature mean that the production of body heat is promoted.
- the eardrum temperature is a body temperature that reflects the core body temperature
- suppressing the decrease in the eardrum temperature means that the production of body heat is promoted even inside the body.
- an increase in the skin temperature between the scapulas means that fatty acids are consumed in the brown adipose tissue and the production of body heat is promoted. Therefore, from the results of this test, it was confirmed that the test beverage of Example 4 promoted fat burning and further promoted body heat production.
- Test beverage of Comparative Example 3 a sweet acid solution of less than 5 kcal / 100 ml composed of aspartame, acesulfame K, sucralose, anhydrous citric acid, trisodium citrate, and water was used.
- a test solution containing ethyl caproate at a concentration of 1 ppm in the above-mentioned sweet acid solution was used.
- the test beverage of Example 5 corresponds to an intake of 0.17 mg of ethyl caproate.
- ethanol was used as the solvent for ethyl caproate, so that the ethanol concentration of all the test beverages was unified to 0.0999%.
- the subject measured the skin temperature between the scapulas under the conditions shown in FIG. 6 while fasting from 21:00 the day before.
- the conditions were the same on the first and second days of the test. Specifically, first, at 8:30, the subject was admitted to a constant temperature and humidity laboratory set at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a humidity of 45 ⁇ 5% to ingest the test beverage and to sit on a chair. .. After sitting on a chair and resting for 30 minutes, white rice (about 200 kcal) and 100 ml of water were ingested during 10 minutes, and a mask for measuring exhaled gas was worn. After wearing the mask, the measurement of the skin temperature between the shoulder blades was started.
- the patient After starting the measurement of the skin temperature between the shoulder blades, the patient was allowed to sit in a chair and rest for 20 minutes, and then to sit on an exercise bike (registered trademark) for another 10 minutes. Then, exercise (30 W, 60 rpm) was performed for 30 minutes on an exercise bike (registered trademark), and the measurement of the skin temperature between the scapulas was completed. In consideration of the diurnal variation of autonomic nerve activity, the measurements on the first and second days of the test were performed at the same time.
- the mean ⁇ standard error of each group at each time was calculated based on the measured values of the skin temperature between the scapula immediately after the start of exercise and every 10 minutes from the start of exercise (measured values at 10, 20, and 30 minutes).
- Test results The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. In this test, the statistically significant difference was tested by a paired t-test (paired t-test) for the difference at the same time in each group. The significance level p ⁇ 0.05 was considered to be significant. In addition, data analysis was carried out using Excel (manufactured by Microsoft).
- the group ingesting the test beverage of Example 5 had a longer period of high skin temperature between the scapulas than the group ingesting the test beverage of Comparative Example 3. Was confirmed.
- the group ingesting the test beverage of Example 5 used the test beverage of Comparative Example 3. A higher tendency was confirmed compared to the ingested group.
- Test method In this test, first, penicillin-streptomycin (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) and fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) were added at 100 Unit / ml, 100 ⁇ g / ml, and 10% concentrations, respectively. 3T3-L1 cells were suspended in a medium (manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.) (hereinafter, also referred to as "DMEM medium”) and seeded in a 12-well plate.
- DMEM medium Fuji Film Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.
- the 3T3-L1 cells were cultured under the conditions of 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. until they became confluent (the cells covered the surface of the incubator). Two days after becoming confluent, 0.25 ⁇ M of dexamethasone (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque), and insulin (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) were added to DMEM medium, respectively. 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes by exchanging with a medium added so as to have a concentration of 5 mM and 10 ⁇ g / ml, and culturing at 5% CO 2, 37 ° C. for 2 days.
- DMEM medium 1.0 g / l glucose
- Nacalai Tesque Nacalai Tesque
- Ethyl caproate manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as ethyl caproate
- ethanol manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was used as ethanol
- noradrenaline manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd. was used as noradrenaline.
- control ratio The ratio of the amount of glycerol in the medium to which the components of Comparative Example 5 and Examples 6 to 8 were added to the amount of glycerol in the medium to which the component of Comparative Example 4 was added (hereinafter, also referred to as “control ratio”) was determined. The mean ⁇ standard error was obtained.
- Example 8 in which the addition concentration of ethyl caproate was 10 ppm, a significant increase in the amount of glycerol released was observed, and in Example 7 in which the addition concentration of ethyl caproate was 1.0 ppm. , The amount of glycerol released tended to increase.
- TRPA1 activity test In this test, the contribution of the fat metabolism promoter of the present embodiment to TRPA1 activity was examined by confirming the activation of the temperature-sensitive ion channel TRPA1 by the calcium imaging method. The specific test method and the result of this test are shown below.
- HEK293T cells derived from human fetal bovine serum were suspended and seeded in a 96-well plate at a volume of 100 ⁇ l / well, and cultured under the conditions of 5% CO 2 , 37 ° C. until the cell density reached 70 to 90%.
- OptiMEM medium manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Lipofectamine 2000 manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
- hTRPA1 gene expression plasmid was added thereto.
- the cells were cultured under the conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 for about 24 hours, and the TRPA1 gene was introduced into HEK293T cells.
- the content per 50 ⁇ l of OptiMEM medium was 0.3 ⁇ l for Lipofectamine 2000 and 400 ng for the hTRPA1 gene expression plasmid.
- the TRPA1 gene can be confirmed in a DNA database such as GenBank.
- TRPA1 forced expression cells When the HEK293T cells gene-introduced by the above method (hereinafter, also referred to as "TRPA1 forced expression cells") reach a density of 90 to 100%, the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye FLIPRCALcium 6 Assay Kit (manufactured by MOLECULAR DEVICE) is introduced. It was added in a volume of 50 ⁇ l / well and cultured for 2 hours under the conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2.
- TRPA1 forced expression cells the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye FLIPRCALcium 6 Assay Kit (manufactured by MOLECULAR DEVICE) is introduced. It was added in a volume of 50 ⁇ l / well and cultured for 2 hours under the conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2.
- TRPA1 forced expression cells the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye FLIPRCALcium 6 Assay Kit (manufactured by MOLECULAR DEVICE) is introduced. It was added in a volume of 50 ⁇ l /
- HEPES buffer was used as the test solution of Comparative Example 6. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of TRPA1 forced expression cells was started, and 20 seconds later, 50 ⁇ l of the prepared test solution was added to each of the three wells.
- the measurement of the fluorescence intensity is completed, and the ratio of the fluorescence intensity at each time after the addition of the test solution when the average value of the fluorescence intensity before the addition of the test solution is set to 1 from the measured fluorescence intensity. (Hereinafter, also referred to as "RFU (relative fluorescence units)”) was obtained. Further, at each time after the addition of the test solution, the amount of change in RFU before and after the addition of the test solution (hereinafter, also referred to as “ ⁇ RFU”) was determined. The fluorescence intensity was measured using FlexStation 3 (manufactured by Molecular devices). The fluorescence intensity was measured at room temperature, and the test solution added to the well was also used at room temperature.
- HEK293T cells (hereinafter, also referred to as “non-transformed cells”) into which the TRPA1 gene has not been introduced are also compared with Example 9 by the same method as for TRPA1 forced expression cells. 50 ⁇ l of each of the test solutions of Example 6 was added to determine ⁇ RFU.
- Example 9 100 ⁇ l of OptiMEM medium and FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit were added to each well immediately before the addition of the test solution, and then 50 ⁇ l of the test solution was added. Therefore, the test solution of Example 9 was added.
- the ethyl caproate contained in was diluted 3-fold in the well. That is, the concentration of ethyl caproate in the well to which the test solution of Example 9 was added was 100 ppm.
- Tables 6 and 9 show the mean ⁇ standard deviation of the maximum value of ⁇ RFU after the addition of the test solution.
- SoftMaxPro Vr.6 manufactured by Molecular devices
- Excel manufactured by Microsoft
- the test solution of Comparative Example 6 had a maximum value of ⁇ RFU of about 0.2 for TRPA1 forced expression cells and did not elicit a cellular response.
- the test solution of Example 9 had a maximum value of ⁇ RFU of about 3.3 for TRPA1 forced expression cells and evoked a cell response. From this result, it was confirmed that the test solution of Example 9 activated TRPA1.
- FIG. 10 shows the time course of RFU before and after the addition of the test solution.
- the maximum value of ⁇ RFU shown in Tables 6 and 9 is a value obtained based on the RFU shown in FIG.
- the test solution of Example 9 elicited a cellular response to TRPA1 forced expression cells
- the test solution of Comparative Example 6 was associated with TRPA1 forced expression cells. Did not elicit a cellular response.
- FIG. 11 shows the mean value ⁇ standard deviation of ⁇ RFU after the addition of the inhibitor (with the addition of HC03001 in FIG. 11).
- FIG. 11 shows the maximum value ⁇ standard deviation of ⁇ RFU before the addition of the inhibitor (without the addition of HC03001 in FIG. 11).
- SoftMax Pro Vr.6 and Excel were used as in the case of the first test result.
- Test method In this test, the test beverages of Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 used in Test 3 were used, and as the test beverage of Example 10, ethyl caproate was added to the test beverage (sweet acid solution) of Comparative Example 3 to 0. A test solution contained at a concentration of 1 ppm was used. The test was carried out three times at intervals of one week or more, and the test beverage was randomly ingested. The test beverages of Examples 5 and 10 correspond to 0.17 mg and 0.017 mg of ethyl caproate, respectively, as intake amounts. Further, in the test beverages of Examples 5 and 10, ethanol was used as the solvent for ethyl caproate, so that the ethanol concentration of all the test beverages was unified to 0.0999%.
- the subject fasted for 12 hours from 21:00 the day before, and the respiratory quotient was measured according to the conditions shown in FIG. 1 in the same manner as in evaluation 1.
- the amount of lipid oxidation was measured in parallel with the measurement of respiratory quotient. Respiratory quotient and lipid peroxidation measurements were performed continuously for 60 minutes. After that, the same measurement was carried out twice more at intervals of one week or more.
- the beverages to be ingested were randomly set for each subject, and each beverage was ingested once.
- the respiratory quotient and lipid oxidation amount for 10 minutes from 11 minutes to 20 minutes are the respiratory quotient and rest, respectively. It was adopted as the amount of lipid oxidation at the time, and the average value was calculated.
- a decrease in respiratory quotient means an increase in the amount of fat consumed
- an increase in the amount of lipid oxidation means an increase in the amount of lipid consumed in energy metabolism. Therefore, the results of this test confirmed that the test beverages of Examples 5 and 10 promote both lipolysis and fat burning, and promote fat metabolism.
- Test 7 (Respiratory Quotient Measurement Test-Carbonated Water Base)
- each test beverage was ingested by each subject, and respiratory quotient and lipid peroxidation were measured respectively.
- an aero monitor (registered trademark) was used to measure the respiratory quotient and the amount of lipid oxidation.
- This study was conducted on 4 adult male subjects. The specific test method and the result of this test are shown below.
- Test method In this test, each subject was allowed to ingest different test beverages on the first and second days of the test. As the test beverage on the first day of the test, 200 ml of carbonated water (Comparative Example 7) was used. As the test beverage on the second day of the test, 200 ml of a test solution (Example 11) containing ethyl caproate at a concentration of 1 ppm in carbonated water was used. The test beverage of Example 11 corresponds to an intake of 0.17 mg of ethyl caproate. "Wilkinson Tansan" (manufactured by Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd.) was used as the carbonated water. Further, in the test beverage of Example 11, ethanol was used as the solvent for ethyl caproate, so that the ethanol concentration of all the test beverages was unified to 0.0999%.
- a decrease in respiratory quotient means an increase in the amount of fat consumed
- an increase in the amount of lipid oxidation means an increase in the amount of lipid consumed in energy metabolism. Therefore, the results of this test confirmed that the test beverage of Example 11 promoted both lipolysis and fat burning, and promoted fat metabolism.
- Test 8 Body temperature measurement test-isoamyl acetate
- Test method In this test, each subject was allowed to ingest different test beverages on the first and second days of the test. 200 ml of water (Comparative Example 8) was used as the test beverage on the first day of the test. As the test beverage on the second day of the test, 200 ml of a test solution (Example 12) containing isoamyl acetate at a concentration of 1 ppm in water was used. The test beverage of Example 12 corresponds to an intake of 0.18 mg of isoamyl acetate. Since ethanol was used as the solvent for isoamyl acetate in the test beverage of Example 12, the ethanol concentration of all the test beverages was unified to 0.0999%.
- the body temperature was measured under the conditions shown in FIG. 3 as in Test 2, and was performed at the same time on the first and second days of the test under the same conditions.
- the measured value at 15:30 immediately after drinking the test drink is set as the initial value (0 minute data), and the measured value every 10 minutes from immediately after drinking the test drink to 16:30 at the end of the measurement (10, 20, 30, Based on 40, 50, and 60 minute measurements), the mean ⁇ standard error for each group at each time was calculated.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show the results regarding the skin temperature between the scapulas
- FIG. 17 shows the results regarding the eardrum temperature.
- the statistically significant difference was tested by a paired t-test (paired t-test) for the difference at the same time in each group.
- the significance level p ⁇ 0.05 was regarded as a significant difference
- p ⁇ 0.10 was regarded as a significant tendency.
- data analysis was performed using Excel (manufactured by Microsoft).
- the skin temperature between the shoulder blades tended to increase especially in the group ingesting the test beverage of Example 12 from 30 minutes after drinking, whereas the test beverage of Comparative Example 8 was observed. No similar upward trend was observed in the group that ingested.
- the eardrum temperature tended to decrease continuously after 0 minutes immediately after drinking in the group ingesting the test beverage of Comparative Example 8, whereas the test beverage of Example 12 was observed. In the group that ingested, there was a tendency to start increasing after 40 minutes after drinking.
- the eardrum temperature at 60 minutes tended to be lower than that at 0 minutes in the group ingesting the test beverage of Comparative Example 8. No similar tendency was observed in the group ingesting the test beverage of Example 12.
- the increase in the skin temperature between the scapulas and the suppression of the decrease in the eardrum temperature mean that the production of body heat is promoted.
- the eardrum temperature is a body temperature that reflects the core body temperature
- suppressing the decrease in the eardrum temperature means that the production of body heat is promoted even inside the body.
- an increase in the skin temperature between the scapulas means that fatty acids are consumed in the brown adipose tissue and the production of body heat is promoted. Therefore, from the results of this test, it was confirmed that the test beverage of Example 12 promoted the burning of fat and further promoted the production of body heat.
- Test 9 TRPA1 activity test
- the test solutions of Examples 13 to 28 and Comparative Examples 9 to 14 described later were used. Except for this, the amount of change in RFU ( ⁇ RFU) before and after the addition of the test solution was determined for each of the TRPA1 forced expression cells and the non-transformed cells by the same method as in the first test method of Test 5.
- test solutions of Examples 13 to 28 and Comparative Examples 10 to 14 used in this test were obtained by containing each compound shown in Table 7 below in a HEPES buffer.
- the octanol / water partition coefficient (logPow) of each compound shown in Table 7 is the software XlogP (Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Science, website: / website: It was calculated using / xlogp3 /). 50 ⁇ l of each of these test solutions was added to the wells, and the concentration of each compound in the wells was the concentration shown in Table 7. Further, in the test solution of Comparative Example 9, 50 ⁇ l was added to the wells using HEPES buffer as a negative control (NC).
- NC negative control
- Table 7 and FIG. 18 show the mean ⁇ standard deviation of the maximum value of ⁇ RFU.
- SoftMaxProVr.6 manufactured by Molecular devices
- Excel manufactured by Microsoft
- the compound (1) having an octanol / water partition coefficient (logPow) in the range of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less promotes fat metabolism such as lipolysis and fat burning. I was able to confirm that. It was also confirmed that as a result of promoting fat burning, the production of body heat is promoted. The reason why fat metabolism such as lipolysis and fat burning is promoted is not clearly understood, but the compound (1) having an octanol / water distribution coefficient (logPow) in the range of 1.9 or more and 3.8 or less causes It was speculated that one of the reasons was that TRPA1 was activated and lipolysis was promoted by nerve transmission.
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Abstract
Description
[1]一般式(1):
[2]前記R1が、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、及びn-ヘプチル基からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つの基である、[1]に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
[3]前記R2が、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、2-メチルブチル基、n-ヘキシル基、及びn-ヘプチル基からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つの基である、[1]又は[2]に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
[4]前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、カプロン酸エチル、カプロン酸メチル、カプロン酸プロピル、カプロン酸ブチル、カプロン酸ペンチル、カプリル酸エチル、酢酸イソアミル、プロピオン酸イソアミル、酪酸イソアミル、カプロン酸イソアミル、酢酸ペンチル、酢酸ヘプチル、カプリル酸メチル、4-メチル吉草酸エチル、酢酸2-メチルブチル、及び吉草酸エチルからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の化合物である、[1]から[3]のいずれか一つに記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
[5]成人の1日あたりの前記一般式(1)で表される化合物の摂取量が0.017mg以上1.8mg以下である、[1]から[4]のいずれか一つに記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
[6]前記脂肪代謝促進剤が脂肪分解促進剤である、[1]から[5]のいずれか一つに記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
[7]前記脂肪代謝促進剤が脂肪燃焼促進剤である、[1]から[5]のいずれか一つに記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
[8]一般式(1):
[9]脂肪代謝を促進するための、一般式(1):
[10]脂肪代謝促進剤を製造するための、一般式(1):
[11]体熱産生を促進するための、一般式(1):
[12]体熱産生促進剤を製造するための、一般式(1):
[13]脂質異常症、高脂血症、及び肥満症からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤であって、一般式(1):
[14]脂質異常症、高脂血症、及び肥満症からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの疾患の治療及び/又は予防のための、一般式(1):
[15]脂質異常症、高脂血症、及び肥満症からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤を製造するための、一般式(1):
本試験では、呼吸商を測定する試験を行った。なお、呼吸商は、単位時間あたりの酸素消費量に対する、単位時間あたりの二酸化炭素の排出量の割合であり、本試験では、エアロモニター(登録商標)(ミナト医科学社製)を用いて測定した。本試験の具体的な試験方法及びその結果を以下に示す。なお、本試験は、クロスオーバー比較試験として行った。
本試験では、各被験飲料を3名の被験者(成人男性(BMI(Body Mass Index)が18.5kg/m2以上25kg/m2未満))に摂取させ、各被験者の呼吸商を各々測定した。被験飲料として、水(比較例1)200mlと、カプロン酸エチルをそれぞれ0.1ppm、1ppm、10ppmの濃度で水に含有させた被験液(実施例1~3)200mlを用いた。なお、実施例1~3の被験飲料はそれぞれ、摂取量としてカプロン酸エチル0.017mg、0.17mg、1.7mgに相当する。また、カプロン酸エチルのlogPowは、2.4(後述する試験9と同様の方法で算出)であった。後述する試験2~7では、カプロン酸エチルのlogPow(2.4)の記載は省略する。
結果を図2に示す。なお、本試験において、群間の統計学的有意差の検定は、各試験日の呼吸商の1分間毎の平均値を、ベースラインの呼吸商の平均値に対する変化率について、反復測定分散分析(analysisof variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures)により行った。
本試験では、各被験飲料を各被験者に摂取させ、摂取後の肩甲骨間の皮膚温及び鼓膜温(以下、試験2においてこれらを「体温」ともいう)を各々測定した。なお、本試験は、成人男女10名(男性4名、女性6名)を被験者として、単回摂取クロスオーバー比較試験として行った。本試験の具体的な試験方法及びその結果を以下に示す。
本試験には、比較例2の被験飲料として、水200mlを用いた。実施例4の被験飲料として、カプロン酸エチルを1ppmの濃度で水に含有させた被験液200mlを用いた。試験1日目と2日目で異なる被験飲料を各被験者に各々摂取させた。なお、実施例4の被験飲料は、摂取量としてカプロン酸エチル0.17mgに相当する。また、実施例4の被験飲料では、カプロン酸エチルの溶媒としてエタノールを用いたため、全ての被験飲料のエタノール濃度を0.0999%に統一した。
結果を表1、図4、表2及び図5に示す。表1及び図4は、肩甲骨間の皮膚温に関する結果であり、表2及び図5は、鼓膜温に関する結果である。なお、本試験において、統計学的有意差の検定は、各群同時刻の差を、対応のあるt検定(paired t-test)により検定した。有意水準p<0.05を有意差ありとした。本試験において、データ解析はExcel(Microsoft社製)を用いて実施した。
本試験では、各被験飲料を各被験者に摂取させ、運動負荷時における肩甲骨間の皮膚温を各々測定した。なお、本試験は、成人男性4名を被験者として行った。また、肩甲骨間の皮膚温は、myBeat(登録商標) WHS-2で測定した。本試験の具体的な試験方法及びその結果を以下に示す。
本試験には、比較例3の被験飲料として、アスパルテーム、アセスルファム K、スクラロース、無水クエン酸、クエン酸三ナトリウム、及び水からなる、5kcal/100ml 未満の甘酸液を用いた。実施例5の被験飲料として、カプロン酸エチルを1ppmの濃度で上述の甘酸液に含有させた被験液を用いた。試験1日目には比較例3の被験飲料を、試験2日目には実施例5の被験飲料を摂取させた。なお、実施例5の被験飲料は、摂取量としてカプロン酸エチル0.17mgに相当する。また、実施例5の被験飲料では、カプロン酸エチルの溶媒としてエタノールを用いたため、全ての被験飲料のエタノール濃度を0.0999%に統一した。
結果を表3及び図7に示す。なお、本試験において、統計学的有意差の検定は、各群同時刻の差を、対応のあるt検定(paired t-test)により検定した。有意水準p<0.05を有意差ありとした。また、データ解析はExcel(Microsoft社製)を用いて実施した。
本試験では、脂肪細胞に蓄積された脂肪が分解されることで培養上清中に放出されるグリセロールを定量することによって、本実施形態の促進剤による脂肪分解促進効果を検討した。なお、本試験で用いたマウス胎児由来3T3-L1細胞は、脂肪細胞の前駆細胞であり、これを分化誘導することで脂肪細胞を形成させた。本試験は、「ケルセチン配糖体のマウス食餌性肥満モデルに及ぼす影響-ケルセチンの脂肪分解促進作用」(立石ら.,薬理と治療2009 ;37(2):123-131)に記載の方法に基づいて行った。本試験の具体的な試験方法及びその結果を以下に示す。
本試験では、まず、ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシン(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)及びウシ胎児血清(Sigma-Aldrich社製)をそれぞれ100Unit/ml、100μg/ml、10%の濃度となるように添加したダルベッコ-イーグル培地(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)(以下、「DMEM培地」ともいう)に、3T3-L1細胞を懸濁し、12ウェルプレートに播種した。
結果を表5及び図8に示す。なお、本試験において、統計学的検定は、一元配置分散分析(one-way ANOVA)の後、ダネット検定(Dunnett‘stest)を用いて多重比較検定を実施した。有意水準p<0.05を有意差ありとした。また、これらの解析は、すべてSPSS version23(SPSS社製)を用いて実施した。
本試験においては、温度感受性イオンチャネルTRPA1の活性化をカルシウムイメージング法で確認することで、本実施形態の脂肪代謝促進剤のTRPA1活性への寄与を検討した。本試験の具体的な試験方法及びその結果を以下に示す。
本試験では、まず、ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシン(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)、ウシ胎児血清(Sigma-Aldrich社製)をそれぞれ100Unit/ml、100μg/ml、10%の濃度となるように添加したDMEM培地に、ヒト胎児由来HEK293T細胞を懸濁し、96ウェルプレートに100μl/ウェルの容量で播種して、5%CO2、37℃の条件下で細胞密度が70~90%になるまで培養した。
被験液添加後のΔRFUの最大値について、平均値±標準偏差を表6及び図9に示す。なお、本試験において、データの解析には、SoftMaxPro Vr.6(Molecular devices社製)及びExcel(Microsoft社製)を用いた。
本試験では、第1の試験方法において実施例9の被験液を添加したウェルに対し、TRPA1阻害剤であるHC03001(Sigma-Aldrich社製)をさらに添加(共添加)した。次に、ウェル内の蛍光強度が一定になったことを確認した後にRFU(以下、「阻害剤添加後のRFU」ともいう)を求めた。被験液添加前のRFUを1として、被験液添加前のRFUに対する阻害剤添加後のRFUの変化量(以下、「被験液添加後のΔRFU」ともいう)を求めた。なお、HC03001の希釈にはDMSOを用いたが、細胞毒性を考慮しDMSO濃度がウェル内で0.1%となるようにした。
図11に、阻害剤添加後のΔRFUの平均値±標準偏差を示す(図11におけるHC03001共添加あり)。また、参考として、図11に、阻害剤共添加前のΔRFUの最大値±標準偏差を示す(図11におけるHC03001共添加なし)。なお、データの解析には、第1の試験結果と同じように、SoftMax Pro Vr.6及びExcelを用いた。
本試験では、各被験飲料を各被験者に摂取させ、呼吸商及び脂質酸化量を各々測定した。呼吸商は、実施例1と同様の方法で測定した。ここで、脂質酸化量とは、エネルギー代謝において消費される脂質量であり、呼吸商と同様に、エアロモニター(登録商標)(ミナト医科学社製)によって得られる呼気ガスの分析結果に基づき求めた。
本試験では、試験3で使用した比較例3及び実施例5の被験飲料を用いるとともに、実施例10の被験飲料として、比較例3の被験飲料(甘酸液)に対してカプロン酸エチルを0.1ppmの濃度で含有させた被験液を用いた。試験は1週間以上の間隔をあけて3回実施し、被験飲料をランダムに摂取させた。なお、実施例5及び10の被験飲料はそれぞれ、摂取量としてカプロン酸エチル0.17mg、0.017mgに相当する。また、実施例5及び実施例10の被験飲料では、カプロン酸エチルの溶媒としてエタノールを用いたため、全ての被験飲料のエタノール濃度を0.0999%に統一した。
呼吸商の結果を図12に、脂質酸化量の結果を図13に示す。なお、本試験において、群間の統計学的有意差の検定は、各群の平均値を、ダネット検定(Dunnett‘stest)により行った。有意水準p<0.05を有意差ありとした。本試験において、データ解析はExcel(Microsoft社製)を用いて実施した。
本試験では、各被験飲料を各被験者に摂取させ、及び呼吸商及び脂質酸化量を各々測定した。呼吸商及び脂質酸化量の測定には、試験6と同様に、エアロモニター(登録商標)を用いた。なお、本試験は、成人男性4名を被験者として行った。本試験の具体的な試験方法及びその結果を以下に示す。
本試験では、試験1日目と2日目で異なる被験飲料を各被験者に各々摂取させた。試験1日目の被験飲料として、炭酸水(比較例7)200mlを用いた。試験2日目の被験飲料として、カプロン酸エチルを1ppmの濃度で炭酸水に含有させた被験液(実施例11)200mlを用いた。実施例11の被験飲料は、摂取量としてカプロン酸エチル0.17mgに相当する。なお、炭酸水には「ウィルキンソンタンサン」(アサヒ飲料社製)を用いた。また、実施例11の被験飲料では、カプロン酸エチルの溶媒としてエタノールを用いたため、全ての被験飲料のエタノール濃度を0.0999%に統一した。
呼吸商の結果を図14に、脂質酸化量の結果を図15に示す。なお、本試験において、統計学的有意差の検定は、各群の平均値を、対応のあるt検定(pairedt-test)により検定した。有意水準p<0.05を有意差ありとし、p<0.1を有意傾向とした。また、データ解析はExcel(Microsoft社製)を用いて実施した。
本試験では、各被験飲料を各被験者に摂取させ、摂取後の肩甲骨間の皮膚温及び鼓膜温(以下、試験8においてこれらを「体温」ともいう)を各々測定した。なお、本試験は、成人男女6名(男性2名、女性4名)を被験者として、単回摂取クロスオーバー比較試験として行った。なお、本試験において、肩甲骨間の皮膚温は、myBeat(登録商標) WHS-2(ユニオンツール社製)で測定し、鼓膜温は、耳式体温計CEサーモ2(ニプロ社製)で測定した。
本試験は、試験1日目と2日目で異なる被験飲料を各被験者に各々摂取させた。試験1日目の被験飲料として、水(比較例8)200mlを用いた。試験2日目の被験飲料として、酢酸イソアミルを1ppmの濃度で水に含有させた被験液(実施例12)200mlを用いた。実施例12の被験飲料は、摂取量として酢酸イソアミル0.18mgに相当する。なお、実施例12の被験飲料では、酢酸イソアミルの溶媒としてエタノールを用いたため、全ての被験飲料のエタノール濃度を0.0999%に統一した。また、被験飲料の原料とした酢酸イソアミルには「Isoamyl acetate≧97%, FCC, 食品グレード」(Sigma-Aldrich社製)を用いた。酢酸イソアミルのlogPowは、2.0(後述する試験9と同様の方法で算出)であった。
結果を図16及び図17に示す。図16は、肩甲骨間の皮膚温に関する結果であり、図17は、鼓膜温に関する結果である。なお、本試験において、統計学的有意差の検定は、各群同時刻の差を、対応のあるt検定(paired t-test)により検定した。有意水準p<0.05を有意差ありとし、p<0.10を有意傾向とした。本試験において、データ解析はExcel(Microsoft社製)を用いて実施した。
本試験では、試験5の第1の試験方法で用いた被検液にかえて、後述する実施例13~28及び比較例9~14の被検液を用いた。これ以外は、試験5の第1の試験方法と同様の方法で、TRPA1強制発現細胞及び非形質転換細胞のそれぞれについて、被験液添加前後におけるRFUの変化量(ΔRFU)を求めた。
Claims (8)
- 前記R1が、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、及びn-ヘプチル基からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つの基である、請求項1に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
- 前記R2が、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、2-メチルブチル基、n-ヘキシル基、及びn-ヘプチル基からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つの基である、請求項1又は2に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、カプロン酸エチル、カプロン酸メチル、カプロン酸プロピル、カプロン酸ブチル、カプロン酸ペンチル、カプリル酸エチル、酢酸イソアミル、プロピオン酸イソアミル、酪酸イソアミル、カプロン酸イソアミル、酢酸ペンチル、酢酸ヘプチル、カプリル酸メチル、4-メチル吉草酸エチル、酢酸2-メチルブチル、及び吉草酸エチルからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の化合物である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
- 成人の1日あたりの前記一般式(1)で表される化合物の摂取量が0.017mg以上1.8mg以下である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
- 前記脂肪代謝促進剤が脂肪分解促進剤である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
- 前記脂肪代謝促進剤が脂肪燃焼促進剤である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の脂肪代謝促進剤。
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AU2020337307A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
TW202122074A (zh) | 2021-06-16 |
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