WO2021031306A1 - 疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管 - Google Patents

疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管 Download PDF

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WO2021031306A1
WO2021031306A1 PCT/CN2019/110078 CN2019110078W WO2021031306A1 WO 2021031306 A1 WO2021031306 A1 WO 2021031306A1 CN 2019110078 W CN2019110078 W CN 2019110078W WO 2021031306 A1 WO2021031306 A1 WO 2021031306A1
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polyimide material
solution
hydrophobic polyimide
hydrophobic
inorganic
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PCT/CN2019/110078
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French (fr)
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汪亚民
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武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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Priority to US16/622,401 priority Critical patent/US11629229B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
    • C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
    • C08G73/1028—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
    • C08G73/1032—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous characterised by the solvent(s) used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K5/549—Silicon-containing compounds containing silicon in a ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
    • C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2483/04—Polysiloxanes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
    • H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
    • H10K77/111—Flexible substrates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of polyimide films, in particular to a hydrophobic polyimide material, a preparation method thereof and an organic electroluminescent diode.
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • people have further optimized its performance, such as making it thinner, more transparent, and more transparent.
  • polyimide film with excellent mechanical properties is usually used as the OLED sealing film material to achieve its flexibility and R2R purpose It is critical that the substrate as the outermost layer actually has a self-cleaning effect.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrophobic polyimide material, a preparation method thereof, and an organic electroluminescent diode, so as to solve the problem of poor hydrophobicity of the polyimide film prepared by the existing method.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrophobic polyimide material containing inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles.
  • the weight percentage of the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles is 10 wt% to 30 wt%.
  • hydrophobic polyimide material is:
  • POSS means inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles.
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles include cage silsesquioxane; the chemical structural formula of the cage silsesquioxane includes one of the following chemical structural formulas:
  • R and R' respectively represent a symmetrical alkyl structure.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method for preparing a hydrophobic polyimide film, including the following steps:
  • the solution of the hydrophobic polyimide material is coated on the surface of the substrate, and the film is dried and cured to obtain the hydrophobic polyimide.
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticle solution is prepared by the following method:
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles are dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain an inorganic/organic composite nanoparticle solution with a concentration of 1 mmol/L.
  • the organic solvent includes a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; the volume ratio of the N,N-dimethylacetamide to the N-methylpyrrolidone is ( 1:5) ⁇ (5:1).
  • the dianhydride monomer includes 1,2,4,5-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride; the diamine monomer includes p-(diaminodiphenyl)diphenyl ether.
  • the molar ratio of the dianhydride monomer to the diamine monomer is (1:90) to (6:1).
  • an organic electroluminescent diode which includes the hydrophobic polyimide material described above.
  • the organic electroluminescent diode includes a flexible substrate layer, and the material used for the flexible substrate layer is the hydrophobic polyimide material.
  • the technical effect of the present invention is that the present invention provides a hydrophobic polyimide material and its preparation method and organic electroluminescent diode, through the introduction of reactive inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles, wherein the preferred POSS unit structure has
  • the lower surface tension can change the original end-capped polyamic acid and the microstructure of the blended atoms, and finally increase the hydrophobicity of the film.
  • the water contact angle can tell that it is an obvious hydrophobic compound.
  • the introduction of inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles to modify polyimide to prepare OLED substrate materials provides an idea for the preparation of self-cleaning polyimide materials in the field of OLED substrate materials.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of the water contact angle of polyimide (pure PI) in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water contact angle of a hydrophobic polyimide material (including POSS) according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a stress-strain curve diagram of a tensile performance test of a polyimide (pure PI) in the prior art and a hydrophobic polyimide material (including POSS) in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • compositions, step, method, product or device containing the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent in such a composition, step, method, product or device Elements.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrophobic polyimide material containing inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles.
  • the weight percentage of the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles is 10 wt% to 30 wt%.
  • the chemical structural formula of the hydrophobic polyimide material is:
  • POSS means inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles.
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles include cage silsesquioxane; the chemical structural formula of the cage silsesquioxane includes one of the following chemical structural formulas:
  • R and R' respectively represent a symmetrical alkyl structure.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method for preparing a hydrophobic polyimide film, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Dissolve the dianhydride monomer in an organic solvent, and obtain a dianhydride monomer solution after stirring; specifically, the mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is added by volume The ratio of (1:5) to (5:1) is added to a two-necked flask to form an organic solvent, 0.09-0.99 mmol of dianhydride monomer is weighed and dissolved in the organic solvent, and a dianhydride monomer solution is obtained by stirring.
  • DMAC N,N-dimethylacetamide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • Step 2 Dissolve the diamine monomer in an organic solvent, and stir to obtain a diamine monomer solution; specifically, the mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is added by volume The ratio of (1:5) to (5:1) is added to a two-necked flask to form an organic solvent, 0.2-8 mmol of diamine monomer is weighed and dissolved in the organic solvent, and the diamine monomer solution is obtained by stirring.
  • DMAC N,N-dimethylacetamide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • Step 3 Add the diamine monomer solution to the dianhydride monomer solution dropwise, stir at room temperature for 36 ⁇ 96h to fully dissolve it; remove the mechanical stirrer, perform suction filtration in a vacuum environment, and then pass the The solution obtained by the suction filtration is evacuated with a vacuum pump for about 1 hour to remove bubbles in the solution; the evacuated solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 to 4 hours to make the bubbles in the solution disappear to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
  • a mechanical stirrer is used for stirring, preferably a PTFE rod is used for stirring.
  • a magnetic stirrer with a stir bar can also be used.
  • Step 4 Mix the polyamic acid solution and the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticle solution uniformly, and stir to obtain the solution of the hydrophobic polyimide material.
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles include cage silsesquioxane, carbon nanotubes or silicon.
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticle solution is prepared by the following method: a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in a volume ratio of (1:5) ⁇ ( 5:1) Add to a two-necked flask to form an organic solvent, and dissolve the corresponding mass of inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles in the organic solvent to obtain an inorganic/organic composite nanoparticle solution with a concentration of 1 mmol/L.
  • DMAC N,N-dimethylacetamide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • Step 5 Coating the solution of the hydrophobic polyimide material on the surface of the substrate, drying and curing to obtain the hydrophobic polyimide.
  • the crosslinking and curing process of the solution of the hydrophobic polyimide material lasts for 3 to 5 hours; the heating rate is 4 to 10°C, and the maximum temperature is 420°C to 500°C.
  • the baking stage is divided into hard baking and soft baking. In this way, the hard baking is to directly raise the temperature to the highest temperature and keep the temperature down for about 1 hour, while the soft baking is a constant temperature process with 2 or more times, and finally the temperature is lowered, so as to realize the crosslinking of the material at different constant temperature stages and solvent removal.
  • the organic solvent includes a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; the volume ratio of N,N-dimethylacetamide to N-methylpyrrolidone is (1:5) ⁇ (5:1).
  • the polyamic acid solution is prepared by using dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer as reaction monomers, and the molar ratio of the dianhydride monomer to the diamine monomer is (1:90) ⁇ (6:1).
  • the dianhydride monomer (compound B) includes 1,2,4,5-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride; the diamine monomer (compound A) includes ( Diaminodiphenyl)diphenyl ether.
  • the preparation method of the main component polyimide (compound C) of the polyamic acid solution is to react 1,2,4,5-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and p-(diaminodiphenyl)diphenyl ether
  • the reaction formula is roughly as shown in formula (1).
  • compound B is 1,2,4,5-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is the dianhydride monomer;
  • compound A is p-(diaminodiphenyl) diphenyl ether, which is The diamine monomer.
  • the molar ratio of the dianhydride monomer to the diamine monomer is (1:90) to (6:1).
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles include cage silsesquioxane (POSS).
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles in this embodiment are preferably cage silsesquioxane (POSS).
  • Cage silsesquioxane (POSS) particles are a kind of material with excellent chemical stability, high specific surface area and low surface energy of electrothermal energy. It has a unique organic/inorganic composite structure, which is good for reinforcement and dielectric properties. There are important applications.
  • POSS particles can improve film strength, rigidity, modulus, impact resistance, thermal oxidation resistance and flame retardancy. Therefore, the introduction of POSS particles to form a polymer structure belongs to the grafting chemical reaction, while the prior art is ordinary chemical doping, which has a big difference in principle.
  • polyimides are widely used in different fields. Some properties of polyimide may restrict each other. For example, strong heat resistance also causes difficulty in processing, and strong rigidity also causes the problem of darker film color.
  • the exploration of polyimide materials is also in the direction of multifunctionalization and high performance.
  • Cage silsesquioxane (POSS) particles have excellent chemical stability, high specific surface area and low surface area. Materials that can meet the above requirements.
  • the inorganic/organic composite nanoparticle is cage silsesquioxane (POSS)
  • the polyamic acid solution The main component of polyimide (compound C) will react with cage silsesquioxane (POSS) to form a modified polyimide polymer (compound D), which belongs to the grafting chemical reaction, POSS unit structure It has a lower surface tension, thereby changing the original end-capping of polyamic acid and the microstructure of the blending atoms, and finally increasing the hydrophobic properties of the film. It can be known that it is an obvious hydrophobic compound through the water contact angle. Greatly extend its service life and cleaning performance in humid environments.
  • the reaction formula is roughly as shown in formula (2).
  • POSS represents inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles.
  • One of the embodiments of the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent diode, which includes the hydrophobic polyimide material described above.
  • the organic electroluminescent diode includes a flexible substrate layer, and the material used for the flexible substrate layer is the hydrophobic polyimide material.
  • the material used for the flexible substrate layer of the prior art is polyimide.
  • the polyimide (pure PI) of the prior art is soaked in water for 3 days and taken out directly, and the wrinkles on the surface can be observed by naked eyes.
  • the hydrophobic polyimide material (including POSS) of the present invention is soaked in water for 3 days, and it can be seen that the surface is still smooth, and there is no excessive water absorption. This can be measured by the water contact angle The test fully explains.
  • the water contact angle ⁇ of polyimide (pure PI) in the prior art ranges from 50° to 70°.
  • the water contact angle ⁇ of the hydrophobic polyimide material (including POSS) in this embodiment can reach 75°-87°, which greatly improves the hydrophobic performance of the material.
  • FIG. 3 it is a stress-strain curve diagram of the tensile performance test of the polyimide (pure PI) in the prior art and the hydrophobic polyimide material (including POSS) of this embodiment.
  • the tensile performance test of the hydrophobic polyimide material (including POSS) in this embodiment shows that the maximum elongation can reach more than 10%, and the hydrophobic polyimide doped with POSS particles The maximum tensile force of the material can reach 375 MPa, which is about 85% higher than the maximum tensile stress of 200 MPa of polyimide (pure PI) in the prior art.
  • the hydrophobic polyimide material prepared by using the preparation method of the present invention as a flexible substrate layer is applied to the production of the flexible substrate layer of organic electroluminescent diodes, which can meet the actual processing requirements of organic electroluminescent diodes. .
  • the technical effect of the present invention is that the present invention provides a hydrophobic polyimide material and its preparation method and application.
  • its preferred POSS unit structure has a lower surface Tension, thereby changing the original end-capping of polyamic acid and the microstructure of the blending atoms, and finally increasing the hydrophobic properties of the film. It can be known from the water contact angle that it is an obvious hydrophobic compound, which is greatly extended in a humid environment. Its service life and cleaning performance.
  • the introduction of inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles to modify polyimide to prepare OLED substrate materials provides an idea for the preparation of self-cleaning polyimide materials in the field of OLED substrate materials.

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Abstract

提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料、制备方法与有机电致发光二极管。疏水性聚酰亚胺材料中含有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的制备方法包括步骤：将聚酰胺酸溶液和无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液混合均匀并搅拌得到疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液；将所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液涂覆于基板表面，通过烘膜、固化，得到聚酰亚胺薄膜。

Description

疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管 技术领域
本发明涉及聚酰亚胺薄膜技术领域，尤其涉及一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管。
背景技术
随着有机电致发光二极管(organic light emitting diode，OLED)衬底材料确定使用聚酰亚胺之后，人们对其性能做了进一步优化，诸如使得其越来越薄，越来越透明，越来越大的介电常数等等，目前关于其亲疏水性方面的研发相对较少，目前阶段通常采用具有优异的力学性能的聚酰亚胺薄膜作为OLED封口膜材料，从而达到其柔性和R2R的目的，作为最外层的基板其实具有自清洁效果是较为关键的。
因此，有必要提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管，以克服现有技术中存在的问题。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于，提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管，用以解决现有方法所制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜疏水性差的问题。
技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明一实施例中提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料，含有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
进一步地，在所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料中，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子的重量百分比为10wt％～30wt％。
进一步地，所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的化学结构式为：
Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-000001
其中POSS表示有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
进一步地，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子包括笼型倍半硅氧烷；所述笼型倍半硅氧烷的化学结构式包括如下化学结构式中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-000002
其中R和R’分别表示对称的烷基结构。
本发明又一实施例中提供一种制备方法，用以制备疏水性聚酰亚胺薄膜，包括以下步骤：
将二酐单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二酐单体溶液；
将二胺单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二胺单体溶液；
将二胺单体溶液逐滴加至二酐单体溶液中，在室温下搅拌使其充分溶解；并在真空环境下进行抽滤除去溶液中的气泡；将抽气过后的溶液在室温下静置使溶液中的气泡消失，得到聚酰胺酸溶液；
将聚酰胺酸溶液和无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液混合均匀，进行搅拌得到所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液；以及
将所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液涂覆于基板表面，通过烘膜、固化，得到疏水性聚酰亚胺。
进一步地，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液采用如下方法制得：
将无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶于有机溶剂，得到1mmol/L浓度的无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液。
进一步地，所述有机溶剂包括N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与N-甲基吡咯烷酮的混合物；所述N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与所述N-甲基吡咯烷酮的体积比为(1：5)～(5：1)。
进一步地，所述二酐单体包括1,2,4,5-环戊烷四羧酸二酐；所述二胺单体包括对(二氨基二苯)二苯醚。
进一步地，所述二酐单体与所述二胺单体的摩尔比为(1：90)～(6：1)。
本发明又一实施例中提供一种有机电致发光二极管，包括以上所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料。
进一步地，所述有机电致发光二极管包括柔性衬底层，所述柔性衬底层所用材料为所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料。
有益效果
本发明的技术效果在于，本发明提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管，通过引入的反应性的无机/有机复合纳米粒子，其中优选的POSS单元结构具有较低的表面张力，从而改变原有的聚酰胺酸的封端及共混原子的微观结构，最终实现增大薄膜的疏水性能，通过水接触角可以知道其为明显的疏水性化合物，在潮湿环境下大大延长其使用寿命及清洁性能。这种引入无机/有机复合纳米粒子进行改性聚酰亚胺制备OLED衬底材料为制备自清洁效果的聚酰亚胺材料在OLED衬底材料领域提供了思路。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的聚酰亚胺(纯PI)的水接触角的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料(含POSS)的水接触角的示意图；
图3为现有技术的聚酰亚胺(纯PI)与本发明实施例的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料(含POSS)的拉伸性能测试的应力-应变曲线图。
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
“由……制备”与“包含”同义。本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有” 或其任何其它变形，意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如，包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素，而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
此外，还应注意的是，在一些可替代的实现方式中，本文中所描述的所有方法的步骤可不按顺序发生。例如，示出为连续的两个步骤可实际上大致同时执行，或者这两个步骤可有时以相反的顺序执行。
本发明一实施例中提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料，含有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
本实施例中，在所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料中，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子的重量百分比为10wt％～30wt％。
本实施例中，所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的化学结构式为：
Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-000003
其中POSS表示有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
本实施例中，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子包括笼型倍半硅氧烷；所述笼型倍半硅氧烷的化学结构式包括如下化学结构式中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-000004
其中R和R’分别表示对称的烷基结构。
本发明又一实施例中提供一种制备方法，用以制备疏水性聚酰亚胺薄膜，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将二酐单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二酐单体溶液；具体为将N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)与N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的混合物按照体积比为(1：5)～(5：1)加入到双口烧瓶中形成有机溶剂，称取0.09～0.99mmol二酐单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二酐单体溶液。
步骤2：将二胺单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二胺单体溶液；具体为将N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)与N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的混合物按照体积比为(1：5)～(5：1)加入到双口烧瓶中形成有机溶剂，称取0.2～8mmol二胺单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二胺单体溶液。
步骤3：将二胺单体溶液逐滴加至二酐单体溶液中，在室温下搅拌36～96h，使其充分溶解；撤去机械搅拌器，在真空环境下进行抽滤，再将上述通过抽滤得到的溶液用真空泵抽气约1h，除去溶液中的气泡；将抽气过后的溶液在室温下静置2～4h，使溶液中的气泡消失，得到聚酰胺酸溶液。本发明实施例中的搅拌均使用机械搅拌器，优选使用PTFE杆搅拌，在其他实施例中也可使用具有搅拌子的磁力搅拌器。
步骤4：将聚酰胺酸溶液和无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液混合均匀，进行搅拌得到所述 疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液。所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子包括笼型倍半硅氧烷、碳纳米管或硅。所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液采用如下方法制得：将N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)与N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的混合物按照体积比为(1：5)～(5：1)加入到双口烧瓶中形成有机溶剂，将称取对应质量的无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶于有机溶剂，得到1mmol/L浓度的无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液。
步骤5：将所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液涂覆于基板表面，通过烘膜、固化，得到疏水性聚酰亚胺。其中，所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液的交联固化过程持续3～5h；升温速度为4～10℃，最高温度420℃～500℃，烘烤阶段分为硬烘和软烘两种方式，硬烘为直接升温到最高温度恒温1h左右降温，而软烘则是具有2次或2次以上的恒温过程，最后再降温，从而实现材料在不同恒温阶段的交联和溶剂去除。
综上可知，所述有机溶剂包括N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与N-甲基吡咯烷酮的混合物；所述N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与所述N-甲基吡咯烷酮的体积比为(1：5)～(5：1)。
本实施例中，所述聚酰胺酸溶液采用二酐单体与二胺单体作为反应单体制备，所述二酐单体与所述二胺单体的摩尔比为(1：90)～(6：1)。
请参阅式(1)所示，所述二酐单体(化合物B)包括1,2,4,5-环戊烷四羧酸二酐；所述二胺单体(化合物A)包括对(二氨基二苯)二苯醚。所述聚酰胺酸溶液的主要成分聚酰亚胺(化合物C)的制备方式为将1,2,4,5-环戊烷四羧酸二酐和对(二氨基二苯)二苯醚反应制得，其反应式大体如式(1)所示。
Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-000005
式(1)中，化合物B为1,2,4,5-环戊烷四羧酸二酐，即所述二酐单体；化合物A为对(二氨基二苯)二苯醚，即所述二胺单体。所述二酐单体与所述二胺单体的摩尔比为(1：90)～(6：1)。
将聚酰胺酸溶液和无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液混合均匀，进行搅拌3～10h得到疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液；所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子的重量百分比为10wt％～30wt％；所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子包括笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)。
本实施例中所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子优选为笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)。笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)粒子是一种具有优良化学稳定性、电热力能高的比表面积和低表能的材料，有独特的有机/无机复合结构，在增强、介电性能等方面有重要应用。
将POSS粒子引入到聚合物体系可以提高薄膜强度、刚性、模量、抗冲击性、抗热氧化 性和阻燃性能。所以引入POSS粒子形成聚合物结构的属于接枝化学反应，而现有技术是普通的化学掺杂，原理上具有较大差异；目前聚酰亚胺的应用领域很广泛，在应用于不同领域时，聚酰亚胺的某些性能可能会互相制约，例如，强耐热性也造成加工困难的问题，强刚性也造成膜颜色较深的问题，为了适应技术的发展与生产应用的需要，对聚酰亚胺材料的探索也在不断向着多功能化和高性能化的方向深入，而笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)粒子具有优良化学稳定性、电热力能高的比表面积和低表能的材料能满足上述要求。
在本实施例中，若所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子为笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)，则将聚酰胺酸溶液和无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液混合后，所述聚酰胺酸溶液的主要成分聚酰亚胺(化合物C)会与笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)发生反应，形成改性聚酰亚胺聚合物(化合物D)，其属于接枝化学反应，POSS单元结构具有较低的表面张力，从而改变原有的聚酰胺酸的封端及共混原子的微观结构，最终实现增大薄膜的疏水性能，通过水接触角可以知道其为明显的疏水性化合物，在潮湿环境下大大延长其使用寿命及清洁性能。其反应式大体如式(2)所示。
Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-000006
式(2)中，POSS表示有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
本发明其中一实施例中提供一种有机电致发光二极管，包括以上所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料。
在本实施例中，所述有机电致发光二极管包括柔性衬底层，所述柔性衬底层所用材料为所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料。
现有技术的所述柔性衬底层所用材料为聚酰亚胺，经试验，现有技术的聚酰亚胺(纯PI)在水中浸泡3天直接取出可以肉眼可见的观察得到其表面的褶皱吸水溶胀的水晕，本发明所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料(含POSS)在水中浸泡3天直接取出可以看出其表面仍然光滑，同时不存在过于吸水的情况，这一点可以通过水接触角测试充分说明。
如图1所示，为现有技术的聚酰亚胺(纯PI)的水接触角α的范围为50°-70°。
如图2所示，本实施例所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料(含POSS)的水接触角β能达到75°-87°，极大的提高了材料的疏水性能。
如图3所示，为现有技术的聚酰亚胺(纯PI)与本实施例所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料(含POSS)的拉伸性能测试的应力-应变曲线图。对本实施例所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料(含POSS)做拉伸性能测试，可以得出其最大伸长率能达到10％以上，同时掺杂POSS粒子的所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的最大拉伸力可以达到375MPa，相比于现有技术的聚酰亚胺(纯PI)的最 大拉伸应力的200MPa提高了85％左右。因此，使用本发明的制备方法制得的所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料作为柔性衬底层应用于有机电致发光二极管的柔性衬底层制作中，能够满足实际的有机电致发光二极管加工工艺要求。
本发明的技术效果在于，本发明提供一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料及其制备方法与应用，通过引入的反应性的无机/有机复合纳米粒子，其优选的POSS单元结构具有较低的表面张力，从而改变原有的聚酰胺酸的封端及共混原子的微观结构，最终实现增大薄膜的疏水性能，通过水接触角可以知道其为明显的疏水性化合物，在潮湿环境下大大延长其使用寿命及清洁性能。这种引入无机/有机复合纳米粒子进行改性聚酰亚胺制备OLED衬底材料为制备自清洁效果的聚酰亚胺材料在OLED衬底材料领域提供了思路。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种疏水性聚酰亚胺材料，其中含有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料，其中：在所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料中，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子的重量百分比为10wt％～30wt％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料，其中：其化学结构式为：
    Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-100001
    其中POSS表示有无机/有机复合纳米粒子。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料，其中，所述无机/有机复合纳米粒子包括笼型倍半硅氧烷；所述笼型倍半硅氧烷的化学结构式包括如下化学结构式中的一种：
    Figure PCTCN2019110078-appb-100002
    其中R和R’分别表示对称的烷基结构。
  5. 一种制备方法，用以制备疏水性聚酰亚胺薄膜，其包括以下步骤：
    将二酐单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二酐单体溶液；
    将二胺单体溶于有机溶剂，经搅拌得到二胺单体溶液；
    将二胺单体溶液逐滴加至二酐单体溶液中，在室温下搅拌使其充分溶解；并在真空环境下进行抽滤除去溶液中的气泡；将抽气过后的溶液在室温下静置使溶液中的气泡消失，得到聚酰胺酸溶液；
    将聚酰胺酸溶液和无机/有机复合纳米粒子溶液混合均匀，进行搅拌得到如权利要求1所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液；以及
    将所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的溶液涂覆于基板表面，通过烘膜、固化，得到疏水性聚酰亚胺。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的制备方法，其中，所述有机溶剂包括N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与N-甲基吡咯烷酮的混合物；所述N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与所述N-甲基吡咯烷酮的体积比为(1：5)～(5：1)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的制备方法，其 中，所述二酐单体包括1,2,4,5-环戊烷四羧酸二酐；所述二胺单体包括对(二氨基二苯)二苯醚。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料的制备方法，其中，所述二酐单体与所述二胺单体的摩尔比为(1：90)～(6：1)。
  9. 一种有机电致发光二极管，其包括如权利要求1所述的疏水性聚酰亚胺材料。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的有机电致发光二极管，其包括柔性衬底层，所述柔性衬底层所用材料为所述疏水性聚酰亚胺材料。
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