WO2021027077A1 - 一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统 - Google Patents

一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027077A1
WO2021027077A1 PCT/CN2019/114093 CN2019114093W WO2021027077A1 WO 2021027077 A1 WO2021027077 A1 WO 2021027077A1 CN 2019114093 W CN2019114093 W CN 2019114093W WO 2021027077 A1 WO2021027077 A1 WO 2021027077A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaped plate
blanking
extrusion
cam
walnut
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/114093
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李长河
石明村
冯一平
冯义田
贾振明
赵磊磊
王荣
王玉成
张彦彬
车稷
李润泽
王财
杨敏
侯亚丽
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Qingdao University of Technology
Xinjiang Jiang Ning Light Industrial Machinery Engineering Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Qingdao University of Technology
Xinjiang Jiang Ning Light Industrial Machinery Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Qingdao University of Technology, Xinjiang Jiang Ning Light Industrial Machinery Engineering Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Qingdao University of Technology
Priority to US16/959,607 priority Critical patent/US11771126B2/en
Priority to AU2019455808A priority patent/AU2019455808B2/en
Publication of WO2021027077A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027077A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
    • B07B1/14—Roller screens
    • B07B1/15—Roller screens using corrugated, grooved or ribbed rollers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of walnut processing and shell breaking, and specifically relates to a multi-station adaptive walnut pre-shelling system.
  • Walnut kernel is a very nutritious food with the following advantages: 1. Tonic and strengthen the body, provide nutrition, animal experiments have proved that a mixed fat diet containing walnut oil can increase body weight, increase serum albumin, and blood cholesterol levels It rises slowly, so walnuts are a rare nourishment for high-fat substances. 2. Anti-inflammatory and sterilizing, nourishing the skin, peach kernels have direct antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. According to clinical reports, walnut tar zinc oxide paste made by smashing walnut kernels can treat dermatitis and eczema with an effective rate of 100%. The oil rich in walnut kernels helps moisturize the skin and maintain the vitality of the human body. 3. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer.
  • walnut have an inhibitory effect on mouse S37 tumors.
  • Walnut technology has a certain inhibitory effect on a variety of tumors, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, and lymphosarcoma.
  • walnuts have analgesic effects on cancer patients, boost white blood cells and protect the liver. 4.
  • walnuts contain proteins that are needed by the human body, and there are many ingredients, as well as unsaturated fatty acids necessary for human nutrition. These ingredients are important substances in the metabolism of brain tissue cells, which can nourish brain cells and enhance brain function. 5. Purify the blood and lower cholesterol.
  • Walnuts can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, expel the blood vessels and purify the blood, thereby providing better fresh blood for the human body. Therefore, walnut kernels can prevent arteriosclerosis and lower cholesterol. In addition, walnuts can also be used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 6. Walnut kernels contain more protein and unsaturated fatty acids essential to the human body. These ingredients have a very good brain-tonifying effect, can nourish brain cells and enhance brain function. 7. Walnut kernels can effectively prevent arteriosclerosis and lower cholesterol. In addition, walnuts can also be used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes, which can increase white blood cells and protect the liver. 8. Walnut kernels contain a lot of vitamin E, which can moisturize the lungs and darken hair when eaten regularly. 9.
  • walnut shelling and kernel removal is the primary problem faced by deep processing. Because the walnut shell is composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, the walnut shell is hard and thick, and the shape of the walnut is irregular, with multiple partitions inside, the texture of the walnut kernel is relatively crisp, and the shell gap is small. It adds a lot of difficulty to shelling and taking kernels. Due to the backward processing technology, in order to ensure the integrity of the walnut kernels, manual methods are often used, that is, the "hand peeling pecan method". A hammer made of flexible materials is used to manually strike the pecans in the mold to make the walnut shells.
  • the traditional walnut shelling machine on the market uses the physical characteristics of walnuts to break the shells and remove the kernels, including: rolling method, impact method, shearing method and extrusion method and ultrasonic shock crushing method.
  • the first four methods all use a certain gap between the walnut shell and the kernel, and rigidly apply pressure through a mechanical device to cause the shell to break.
  • the inventor found that during the use of these machines, walnuts without any treatment are often directly put into the walnut sheller for processing. This processing method has the disadvantages of low whole kernel rate and low efficiency.
  • the height adjustment device makes the device suitable for processing different varieties
  • the walnuts can be used in mass production operations, shorten labor time, save labor, reduce processing costs, and better solve the problem of walnut peeling and kernel removal and relying on handwork, and the peeling rate and high kernel rate Improved to achieve high-efficiency, low-consumption, low-cost green and clean production.
  • Liu Mingzheng, Li Changhe, and Zhang Yanbin of Qingdao Technological University invented walnut shearing, squeezing and crushing flexible pounding kernel equipment which includes: a feeding hopper; a flat belt shearing and squeezing device for receiving materials from the feeding hopper ; Flexible spiral blade hammering system, which receives the preliminary shelled materials sent by the flat belt shearing and squeezing shell breaking device, and performs secondary hammering to break the shell; the lower part of the flexible spiral blade hammering system is equipped with walnut shells and walnuts Kernel separation device; flat belt shearing and squeezing shell breaking device, walnut kernel separation device are connected with the transmission system, the transmission system is connected with the power source one; the flexible spiral blade hammering system is connected with the power source two; the above-mentioned equipment is installed in the machine Shelf.
  • the walnut shell mold has walnut positioning holes. On both sides of the walnut positioning hole, there are positioning and quantitative feeding sliders for covering the walnut positioning holes.
  • Walnut shell breaking mold There are at least two openings in the side wall of the walnut positioning hole, and a plurality of impact rods are driven by the moving mechanism to pass through the opening corresponding to each impact rod to impact the walnuts arranged in the walnut positioning hole; the present invention
  • the mixing device is used for feeding, with extraordinar structure, high efficiency and extremely low failure rate.
  • the shape of the discharging hole of the feeding hopper and the through hole in the positioning and conveying mechanism of the present invention adopt the walnut positioning cross-sectional shape, so that the walnut can ensure stable positioning results during a series of falling processes, and the walnut posture is accurately and controllable. Automatic and controllable walnut feeding.
  • walnut husks are not completely broken, and there is still a certain gap between the whole kernel rate of walnut kernels and manual peeling.
  • walnut shelling related machines have increased the shelling rate and speed too much, while ignoring the damage to the walnut kernel during the extrusion process, resulting in a higher rate of walnut kernel crushing.
  • Shi Chaozhi invented a method for processing pecans with cracks, including the following steps: providing dried pecans; polishing the surface of the dried pecans; then soaking in water for 3-8 hours; removing the soaked pecans to control the water , Then directly pour into the frying utensils and stir fry until cracks appear at the tip of the pecans and then take them out to cool; use a knife to cut along the cracks of the pecans, and when the knife enters the cracks 1 to 1.5 cm, the cracks will be enlarged to prevent It is advisable to divide the pecans into two halves; squeeze the cracks in the pecans slightly to merge the cracks to approximate the original appearance of the pecans.
  • the pecan prepared by the invention retains the original appearance and flavor, and the shell of the pecan can be easily divided into two parts by breaking it by hand.
  • the edible kernel is quite convenient, and it can be eaten by both young and old, and the processing cost is Also relatively low.
  • the surface of the shell after eating is smooth and complete and full of artistic beauty, which can be made into handicrafts.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the process is too cumbersome, the efficiency is low, and because the walnuts are soaked, the taste is affected to a certain extent.
  • the feeding device is fixed on the rocker of the squeezing device, and the squeezing device drives the feeding plate to feed; the walnuts are placed in the hopper, and the rocker swings left and right , When it swings to the right to the extreme position, the hole of the upper plate coincides with the hole at the bottom of the hopper, the walnut falls into the hole of the upper plate, and the rocker swings to the left.
  • the hole of the baffle plate and the walnut squeeze The holes coincide and the walnut falls into the extrusion hole.
  • the baffle plate is opened to make the walnut fall into the discharge hopper; the walnuts are squeezed from four points at a time to make the walnut shell more fully broken and complete , High efficiency and convenient operation.
  • the disadvantage of this device is that the squeezing force and deformation of walnuts of different sizes are different, and it may happen that the big walnuts are crushed and the small walnuts are not cracked.
  • a walnut squeezing peeler invented by Xiao Zewen comprising two oppositely arranged squeezing ends and a sleeve located in the middle of the two squeezing ends;
  • the squeezing end includes a rotating handle and an extrusion bolt, two
  • the inner walls of the two ends of the sleeve are respectively provided with internal threads with opposite spiral directions, and the extrusion bolts are provided with external threads that match the internal threads;
  • the ends of the extrusion bolts The part is provided with a hemispherical groove for fitting the walnut shell; a plurality of protrusions are distributed on the surface of the hemispherical groove.
  • the device is easy to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, it can ensure the integrity of the walnut kernel to the greatest extent and save operation time, but because the stroke control is fixed, there are still situations in which large walnuts are crushed and small walnuts are not crushed.
  • Li Changhe Wang Yucheng, Xu Huicheng, Yuan Pengfei, Wang Xiaoming, Ma Zhengcheng, Deng Lele, Hong Yuan of Qingdao Technological University invented a walnut extrusion cracking system and method based on accurate self-positioning.
  • the system includes a driving mechanism, a transmission mechanism and an extrusion mechanism ,
  • the driving mechanism generates a driving force to push the transmission mechanism to reciprocate;
  • the extrusion mechanism includes a blanking block and an extrusion block that are arranged oppositely, and there is a gap between the blanking block and the extrusion block, and the gap is gradually reduced Small, to position the falling walnuts;
  • the conveying mechanism pushes the blanking block and the extruded block to change the gap between the extruded block and the blanked block, so as to squeeze and fall between the extruded block and the blanked block Cracked walnuts.
  • the present invention adds a pre-shelling process and fully guarantees the integrity of the nucleus.
  • the present invention optimizes the mechanism, improves the stability of the system work while simplifying the mechanism, reduces the total cost of the system, and has a considerable production effect.
  • the device simplifies the mechanism while improving the stability of the system, it also reduces the total cost of the system, and the production effect is considerable.
  • the friction due to the large contact area between the cam push rod and the slide rail, the friction is large, and there is power consumption. Large, low energy efficiency ratio, the shortcomings of squeezing large walnuts and not cracking small walnuts.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-station self-adaptive walnut pre-cracking system; the system integrates walnut feeding, self-positioning, self-adaptation, precise extrusion, and five major functions of blanking.
  • the purpose of the invention of the present disclosure is to propose a multi-station adaptive walnut pre-cracking system.
  • the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a multi-station self-adaptive walnut pre-cracking system comprising a feeding device and a pre-cracking device fixed to a frame, the feeding device is arranged above the pre-cracking device, and a funnel device is arranged below the pre-cracking device;
  • the feeding device includes a feeding box, in which a single screw auger and a double screw auger are arranged parallel to each other, the single screw auger and the double screw auger have opposite directions, and the single screw auger and the double screw auger are under the Set adjustable spring partition;
  • the pre-cracking device includes a pre-cracking box, a plurality of extrusion stations are arranged in the pre-cracking box, and each extrusion station is provided with a pre-cracking assembly, and the pre-cracking assembly includes oppositely disposed drop Material U-shaped plate, extruded U-shaped plate, the first end of the blanking U-shaped plate is hinged to the pre-crushed shell box, and the second end of the blanking U-shaped plate is moved by the blanking cam to squeeze the U-shaped plate and the blanking The end opposite to the first end of the U-shaped plate is moved by the extrusion cam.
  • the end of the extrusion U-shaped plate opposite to the second end of the blanking U-shaped plate is hinged to the pre-cracked box, and the cam is extruded when the blanking cam moves In the far rest state, the blanking cam is in the far rest state when the extrusion cam moves.
  • the working principle of the walnut pre-cracking system of the present disclosure is:
  • the walnut size classification is realized by the reverse rotation of the single screw auger and the double screw auger, so that the falling speed of the walnut is slowed down so that each station of the pre-crushing device below corresponds to one extrusion blanking process.
  • walnut The walnuts are graded by the feeding device. After deceleration, the small walnuts enter several stations on the left side of the pre-cracking device, and the large walnuts enter several stations on the right side of the pre-cracking device. Among them, when the walnut starts to fall above the corresponding station, the The station extrusion cam is at the starting position of the first pushing stroke, and the blanking cam is in a remote state of rest.
  • Walnuts of various sizes will automatically fall into the appropriate position between the extrusion U-shaped plate and the blanking U-shaped plate to achieve their freedom.
  • Adapt to self-positioning function After the walnut is fixed between the two U-shaped plates, the squeezing cam enters the pushing stage, and through the rolling between the bearings on the squeezed U-shaped plate, it pushes the squeezed U-shaped plate to move and keep the blanking U in place.
  • the shape plate cooperates to squeeze cracks on the walnut.
  • the extrusion cam enters the return stage, and the walnut leaks out through the funnel device, and then the above-mentioned working process is repeated for each station.
  • the single screw auger and the double screw auger are both arranged horizontally
  • the first baffle is fixedly arranged above the single screw auger
  • the second baffle is fixedly arranged above the double screw auger
  • the first baffle and The second baffle is oppositely arranged on the side wall of the feeding box
  • both the first baffle and the second baffle are arranged obliquely downward from the end connected to the feeding box to the other end, between the first baffle and the second baffle Form the feed inlet.
  • short spiral blades and long spiral blades are fixed outside the fixed shaft of the double spiral blades of the double spiral screw auger, the short spiral blades and the long spiral blades are arranged in parallel, and the length of the short spiral blade is less than the length of the long spiral blade.
  • the spiral blades of the single spiral auger are arranged tangentially to the long spiral blades.
  • the adjustable spring baffle includes a horizontally arranged U-shaped notched baffle, one end of the U-shaped notched baffle is fixedly connected to the feeding box by two screws, and a spring is sleeved on the screw, U-shaped
  • the other end of the notch baffle is provided with a plurality of U-shaped openings for the walnuts to fall down, and the U-shaped openings are correspondingly arranged above the blanking U-shaped plate and the extruded U-shaped plate.
  • the blanking U-shaped plate and the extruded U-shaped plate are both vertically arranged, and the cross-section of the two is U-shaped, and the blanking U-shaped plate and the extruded U-shaped plate are opposed to form a vertical cylinder ⁇ Like structure.
  • the inner sides of the blanking U-shaped plate and the extruded U-shaped plate are provided with multiple trapezoidal grooves, and there are gaps between adjacent trapezoidal grooves, and the gaps are gradually reduced from top to bottom.
  • the side of the blanking U-shaped plate is connected to the pre-crushed shell box through a blanking U-shaped plate tension spring, and the side of the extruded U-shaped plate is connected to the pre-crushed shell through the extruded U-shaped plate tension spring.
  • the blanking cams of a plurality of extrusion stations are staggered by a set angle, and the blanking cams of a plurality of extrusion stations are fixedly connected to the same rotating shaft; the extrusion cams of a plurality of extrusion stations Stagger the set angle, and the extrusion cams of multiple extrusion stations are fixedly connected to the same rotating shaft.
  • the side of the blanking U-shaped plate and the blanking U-shaped plate bearing are hinged together by a pin shaft, and the blanking U-shaped plate bearing is in contact with the blanking cam; the extruded U-shaped plate side The part and the extruded U-shaped plate bearing are hinged together through a pin shaft, and the extruded U-shaped plate bearing is in contact with the extrusion cam.
  • the extrusion cam has two strokes, the profile of the extrusion cam corresponding to the first stroke is a quadratic polynomial curve, and the profile of the extrusion cam corresponding to the second stroke is First-degree polynomial curve.
  • both the extrusion cam and the blanking cam are connected to the power device through a transmission mechanism.
  • the walnut pre-cracking system of the present disclosure can realize the grading of different hardness and different sizes of walnuts through a specially designed feeding device, and the walnuts can be changed by adjusting the auger speed and the distance of the adjustable spring baffle below. The falling speed is fully prepared for the next pre-cracking.
  • the walnut pre-cracking system of the present disclosure uses multiple independent stations to perform pre-cracking work. Through the cooperation with the feeding device, the whole kernel rate and the efficiency of husking are increased, which is the next step for walnuts. Make full preparations for deep processing.
  • the walnut pre-cracking system of the present disclosure can adjust the cam installation mode, that is, the cams of each adjacent station are sequentially offset clockwise or counterclockwise to set the angle, and the main shaft is lowered through multi-station differential operation.
  • the material requirements of the transmission parts require less power of the motor, and it can also be installed in the same direction through the cam, which has a high efficiency of shell breaking.
  • the walnut pre-cracking system of the present disclosure uses two opposite U-shaped plates, and multiple special trapezoidal grooves are engraved in the extrusion surface, which increases the compression force points of the walnut shell, improves the force condition, and makes The walnut shell is uniformly stressed, and can realize the squeezing of various sizes of walnuts, and realizes the self-positioning in the horizontal direction during the squeezing process, avoiding insufficient squeezing and damage to the walnut kernel.
  • the walnut pre-crushing system of the present disclosure can more fully squeeze walnuts.
  • the two-stage push-stroke squeezing cam can be used to squeeze different parts of the walnut twice with better effect.
  • a bearing is installed on a U-shaped extrusion plate, and the rolling friction between the bearing and the cam surface reduces energy loss and operating cost.
  • Figure 1 is an axonometric view of walnut pre-cracking system
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the feeding device
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the feeding device
  • Figure 4 (a) is a top view of the feeding device
  • Figure 4(b) is a cross-sectional view of Figure 4(a) A-A;
  • Figure 5 is an axonometric view of the feeding box
  • Figure 5(a) is the front view of the feeding box
  • Figure 5(b) is the left view of the feeding box
  • Figure 6 is an axonometric view of the adjustable spring diaphragm
  • Figure 7 is an axonometric view of a single screw auger
  • Figure 7(a) is a front view of a single screw auger
  • Figure 7(b) is a B-B sectional view of Figure 7(a);
  • Figure 8 is an axonometric view of the double screw auger
  • Figure 8 (a) is the front view of the double screw auger
  • Figure 8(b) is a cross-sectional view of Figure 8(a) C-C;
  • Figure 9 is a isometric view of the V-shaped baffle of a single screw auger
  • Figure 9(a) is a rear view of the V-shaped baffle of a single screw auger
  • Figure 9(b) is the left view of the V-shaped baffle of the single screw auger
  • Figure 9(c) is a top view of a single screw auger V-shaped baffle
  • Figure 10 is an axonometric view of the V-shaped baffle of the double screw auger
  • Figure 10 (a) is a top view of the V-shaped baffle of the double screw auger
  • Figure 10(b) is the rear view of the double screw auger V-shaped baffle
  • Figure 10(c) is the right view of the V-shaped baffle of the double screw auger
  • Figure 11 is an exploded view of a bearing with a ring seat
  • Figure 11(a) Front view of bearing with ring seat
  • Figure 11(b) is a D-D cross-sectional view of Figure 11(a);
  • Figure 12 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the connecting part of the large spur gear and the single screw auger;
  • Figure 12 (b) is a cross-sectional view of Figure 12 (a) E-E;
  • Figure 13 (a) is a sectional view of the connecting part of the small spur gear and the double screw auger;
  • Figure 13 (b) is a cross-sectional view of Figure 13 (a) F-F;
  • Figure 14 is a sectional view of the connecting part of the pulley I and the single screw auger;
  • Figure 15 is an axonometric view of the pre-cracking device
  • Figure 16 is an exploded view of the pre-shell breaking device
  • Figure 17(a) is a top view of the pre-cracking device
  • Figure 17 (b) is a cross-sectional view of Figure 17 (a) A-A;
  • Figure 17(c) is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the extruded U-shaped plate
  • Figure 18 is an axonometric view of the pre-broken shell box
  • Figure 18 (a) is the top view of the pre-broken shell box
  • Figure 18(b) is the right view of the pre-broken shell box
  • Figure 18(c) is a B-B sectional view of Figure 18(a);
  • Figure 19 is a partially exploded view of the blanking U-shaped plate
  • Figure 19(a) is a top view of a blanking U-shaped plate
  • Figure 19(b) is a side view of the blanking U-shaped plate
  • Figure 20 is an exploded view of the extruded U-shaped plate
  • Figure 20 (a) is a top view of the extruded U-shaped plate
  • Figure 20(b) is a side view of the extruded U-shaped plate
  • Figure 21 is a measurement drawing of the extrusion camshaft
  • Figure 21 (a) is a side view of the extrusion cam
  • Figure 21 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the extrusion cam and the shaft I;
  • Figure 21 (c) is a schematic diagram of the two strokes of the extrusion cam
  • Figure 21 (d) is a schematic diagram of the size design of the extrusion cam
  • Figure 22 is a survey view of the blanking camshaft
  • Figure 22 (a) is a side view of the blanking cam
  • Figure 22 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the connecting part of the blanking cam and the shaft II;
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the extrusion cam
  • Figure 24 is an exploded view of the rack
  • Figure 25 (a) is a sectional view of the connecting part of the driving pulley and the motor
  • Figure 25(b) is a cross-sectional view of Figure 25(a) A-A;
  • Figure 26 is a perspective view of the funnel device
  • Figure 26 (a) is a side view of the funnel device
  • feeding device I pre-cracking device II, frame III, hopper device IV;
  • II-01-Pre-broken shell box II-02-Extrusion cam, II-03-Blanking U-shaped plate, II-04-Extruded U-shaped plate, II-05-Axis I, II-06-with Diamond seat bearing, II-07-shaft II, II-08-blanking U-shaped plate tension spring, II-09-shaft III, II-10-belt wheel II, II-11-belt wheel III, II-12- Pulley IV, II-13-shaft IV, II-14-extrusion U-shaped plate tension spring, II-15-extrusion cam positioning screw, II-16-hex flange bearing seat positioning nut, II-17- Hexagon flange bearing seat locating bolt, II-18-blanking cam, II-19-blanking cam locating screw, II-20-blanking U-shaped plate bearing, II-21-pin shaft, II-22-inner Hexagon cylindrical head positioning screw, II-23-pin shaft, II-24-extruded U-shaped plate bearing,
  • II-0101-Blanking U-shaped plate box tension spring hanging ring II-0102 Extruding U-shaped plate box tension spring hanging ring, II-0103-Axis I positioning hole, II-0104-Axis III positioning hole, II -0105-Axis II positioning hole, II-0106-Axis IV positioning hole, II-0201-Squeeze cam positioning screw hole, II-0301-Blanking U-shaped plate sleeve, II-0302-Blanking U-shaped plate pull Spring hanging ring, II-0303-Blanking U-shaped plate U-shaped bearing positioning groove, II-0401-Extruding U-shaped plate U-shaped bearing positioning groove, II-0402-Extruding U-shaped plate tension spring hanging ring, II- 0403-Extrusion U-shaped plate sleeve, II-1801-Blanking cam positioning screw hole, III-0101-Common round head flat key.
  • this application proposes a Multi-station adaptive walnut pre-cracking system.
  • This application provides a multi-station self-adaptive walnut pre-cracking system, which includes a feeding device and a pre-cracking device fixed to a frame, the feeding device is arranged above the pre-cracking device and below the pre-cracking device Set up a funnel device;
  • the feeding device includes a feeding box, in which a single screw auger and a double screw auger are arranged parallel to each other, the single screw auger and the double screw auger have opposite directions, and the single screw auger and the double screw auger are under the Set adjustable spring partition;
  • the pre-cracking device includes a pre-cracking box, a plurality of extrusion stations are arranged in the pre-cracking box, and each extrusion station is provided with a pre-cracking assembly, and the pre-cracking assembly includes oppositely disposed drop Material U-shaped plate, extruded U-shaped plate, the first end of the blanking U-shaped plate is hinged to the pre-crushed shell box, and the second end of the blanking U-shaped plate is moved by the blanking cam to squeeze the U-shaped plate and the blanking The end opposite to the first end of the U-shaped plate is moved by the extrusion cam.
  • the end of the extrusion U-shaped plate opposite to the second end of the blanking U-shaped plate is hinged to the pre-cracked box, and the cam is extruded when the blanking cam moves In the far rest state, the blanking cam is in a far rest state when the extrusion cam moves.
  • the walnut pre-cracking system is composed of a feeding device I, a pre-cracking device II, a frame III and a funnel device IV.
  • the feeding device I is set above the pre-cracking device II, feeding
  • the front baffle I-01 of the feeding box in the device I, and the rear baffle I-07 of the feeding box in the device I are connected with the pre-cracking box II-01 of the pre-cracking device II by welding
  • the pre-cracking box II- 01 is connected to the iron frame III-06 in the frame III by welding, in which the pulley I I-13, the pulley IV II-12, the pulley III II-11 are connected together by a belt
  • the pulley II II-10 is
  • the driving pulley III-05 is connected together by a belt
  • the funnel device IV is arranged under the pre-cracking device II
  • the funnel device IV is connected to the pre-cracking box II-01 by welding.
  • the frame III consists of multiple iron frames III-06 to form a frame structure.
  • the motor III-01 is positioned with the motor through the hexagonal flange motor positioning bolt III-02, and the hexagonal flange motor positioning nut III-03 is positioned with the motor.
  • the baffle plates III-04 are connected together, the motor positioning baffle plate III-04 is connected to the iron frame III-06 by welding, and the driving pulley III-05 is connected to the keyway on the motor shaft through the ordinary round head flat key III-0101 .
  • Motor III-01 is the power unit of the pre-shelling system of the present disclosure.
  • Motor III-01 drives the single screw dragon and double screw auger of feeding device I through the transmission mechanism, and the extrusion cam and blanking of pre-shell device II.
  • Cam movement, the transmission mechanism is composed of pulleys, gears, transmission belts, etc.
  • the motor III-01 drives the blanking cam in the pre-crushing device to move through belt transmission, and at the same time, another pulley on the shaft end that matches the blanking cam passes
  • the belt drive drives the single helix dragon, and the extrusion cam moves simultaneously, the single helix dragon drives the double helix twister to rotate in the opposite direction through gear meshing.
  • the left baffle I-03 of the feeding box and the rear baffle I-07 of the feeding box pass through four sets of the same hexagon flange bolts I-05 and hexagon flange nuts I-06.
  • Positioning and clamping on the triangular iron connecting plate I-02; the rear baffle I-07 of the feeding box and the right baffle I-17 of the feeding box are passed through four sets of the same hexagonal flange bolts I-05 and hexagonal flange nuts I-06 is positioned and clamped on the triangular iron connecting plate I-02;
  • the right baffle I-17 of the feeding box and the front baffle I-01 of the feeding box pass four sets of the same hexagonal flange bolts I-05 and the hexagonal method.
  • the flange nut I-06 is positioned and clamped on the triangular iron connecting plate I-02; the front baffle I-01 of the feeding box and the left baffle I-03 of the feeding box are passed through four sets of the same hexagonal flange bolts I-05 And the hexagon flange nut I-06 is positioned and clamped on the triangular iron connecting plate I-02; the above constitutes the main body of the feeding box.
  • the single-screw auger I-19 and the double-screw auger I-18 are arranged parallel to each other in the feeding box.
  • the dragon I-18 is set horizontally, and the two directions are opposite; the outer diameter of the spiral blade I-1903 in the single-spiral auger I-19 is tangent to the outer diameter of the long spiral blade I-1804 in the double-spiral auger I-18.
  • the short helical blade I-1803 and the long helical blade I-1804 are staggered by a certain distance.
  • the single helical twister I-19 and the The purpose of the double-spiral auger I-18 rotation direction is opposite.
  • the main function of the double-spiral auger I-18 double-spiral blade area is to separate the large-diameter walnuts from the walnut, and through the single-spiral dragon I-19 spiral blade I-1903 The relative rotation between the two makes the separated small-diameter walnuts fall in an orderly manner.
  • the single spiral blade area on the right side of the double screw auger I-18 slows the separation by the relative rotation between the spiral blade I-1903 on the single screw auger I-19 Later, the falling speed of large diameter walnuts.
  • the single screw blade fixed shaft I-1902 of the single screw auger I-19 passes through the right positioning hole I of the single screw auger on the right baffle I-17 of the feeding box.
  • -1701 and the left locating hole I-0301 of the single screw auger on the left baffle I-03 of the feed box, and the shaft ends of the single screw blade fixed shaft I-1902 on the left and right sides are respectively connected with the diamond-shaped seat bearing I-04, With diamond seat bearing I-11 matched, it is fixed on the left baffle I-03 of the feeding box and the right baffle I-17 of the feeding box by the hexagonal flange bolt I-05 and the hexagonal flange nut I-06. ;
  • the fixed shaft I-1802 of the double helix blade of the double screw auger I-18 passes through the right side positioning hole I-1702 of the feed box right baffle I-17 and the left baffle I-03 of the feed box.
  • the left locating hole I-0302 of the upper double screw auger, and the shaft ends of the double helix blade fixed shaft I-1802 on the left and right sides are respectively matched with two deep groove ball bearings I-15, of which two deep groove ball bearings I- 15 are fixed to the two toroidal bearing seats I-16 by the set screws I-23, and the two toroidal bearing seats I-16 are respectively fixed to the right baffle I-17 of the feeding box and the feeder by welding.
  • the box left baffle I-03; the large spur gear I-12 is matched with the large spur gear positioning keyway I-1901 on the single helix dragon I-19 through the large spur gear positioning key I-20, and the small straight
  • the toothed gear I-14 is matched with the small spur gear locating keyway I-1801 on the double screw auger I-18 through the small spur gear positioning key I-22, so that the large spur gear I-12 and the small spur gear Gear I-14 meshing; pulley I I-13 is fixed on the single helical blade fixed shaft I-1902 by the hexagon socket head screw I-21.
  • Large spur gear positioning keyway I-1901 right shaft end position large straight Toothed gear I-12 drives the two augers to rotate in reverse through meshing transmission, which separates walnuts of different sizes, and slows down the falling speed of walnuts through the friction between the spiral blades and the surface of the walnuts;
  • the single screw auger V-shaped baffle I-08 (that is, the first baffle) is fixed to the rear baffle I-07 of the feeding box by welding, the single screw auger V-shaped baffle I-08 and the single screw auger I
  • the spiral blades of -19 are tangent and are inclined downwards, which prevents the walnut from falling out of the opening of the U-shaped plate of the pre-crushing device with the rotation of the single spiral auger I-19;
  • the double spiral auger V-shaped baffle I -10 (that is, the second baffle) is fixed on the front baffle I-01 of the feed box by welding.
  • the V-shaped baffle I-10 of the double screw auger is tangent to the spiral blade of the double screw auger I-18.
  • the feed inlet is formed between the single screw auger V-shaped baffle I-08 and the double screw auger V-shaped baffle I-10.
  • the adjustable spring partition I-09 is composed of five parts: U-shaped notch baffle I-0901, left spring I-0905, left screw I-0904, right spring I-0903, and right screw I-0902 ,
  • the left screw I-0904 and the right screw I-0902 are fixed to the U-shaped notch baffle I-0901 by welding, the left spring I-0905 and the right spring I-0903 are respectively sleeved on the left screw I-0904 and the right screw I
  • the left screw I-0904 and the right screw I-0902 respectively pass through the front baffle I-01 of the feed box, the left positioning hole I-0101 of the adjustable spring partition and the right positioning hole I of the adjustable spring partition.
  • the board I-0901 is relative to the size of the walnut entrance between the extruded U-shaped board and the feeding U-shaped board, and the width of the U-shaped notch in the U-shaped notch baffle I-0901 is the same as the maximum walnut diameter.
  • the adjustable spring partition I-09 is installed under the two augers and keeps tangent to the augers.
  • the single spiral auger I-19 is composed of a spiral blade I-1903 and a single spiral blade fixed shaft I-1902.
  • the spiral blade I-1903 is fixed by welding
  • a large spur gear positioning keyway I-1901 is engraved on the single helical blade fixed shaft I-1902, and the single helical blade fixed shaft I-1902;
  • the double screw auger I-18 is composed of a long spiral blade I-1804, a short spiral blade I-1803 and a double spiral blade fixed shaft I-1802.
  • the long helical blade I-1804 and the short helical blade I-1803 have the same specifications except for the different lengths. They are separated by a certain distance, and are fixed to the fixed shaft I-1802 of the double helical blade by welding, and the fixed shaft of the double helical blade I-1802 is engraved with small spur gear positioning keyway I-1801.
  • the length of the short helical blade I-1803 is less than the length of the long helical blade I-1804, both of which are set from the left end of the double helical blade fixed shaft I-1802 to the right side, and the left side of the double helical auger I-18 forms a double helical blade area.
  • the right side forms a single spiral blade area.
  • the pre-crushing assembly includes a pair of extruded U-shaped plates and blanking U-shaped plates, as well as a pair of extrusion cams and blanking cams.
  • the extrusion cams and blanking cams are fixed on and pre-crushed by positioning screws.
  • Bearings with rhombus seats II-06 are matched with the shaft ends on both sides of the shaft I II-05, and are positioned by the hexagonal flange bearing seat.
  • the bolt II-17 and the hexagonal flange bearing seat positioning nut II-16 are fixed on the pre-broken shell box II-01; the pulley IV II-12 is fixed to the shaft I II- by the hexagon socket cylinder head positioning screw II-22
  • the right end of 05; the extruded U-shaped plate II-04 is located in the nine stations of the pre-broken shell box II-01, and the side of the extruded U-shaped plate II-04 is fixedly provided with an extruded U-shaped plate sleeve II-0403,
  • the extruded U-shaped plate sleeve II-0403 is hinged to the pre-broken shell box II-01 through shaft IV II-13, and the fit between the extruded U-shaped plate sleeve II-0403 and shaft IV II-13 is clearance fit.
  • the extruded U-shaped plate bearing II-24 is hinged with the extruded U-shaped plate U-shaped bearing positioning groove II-0401 on the extruded U-shaped plate II-04 through the pin shaft II-23, and the pin shaft II-23 is hinged with the extruded U-shaped plate II-04.
  • the U-shaped plate tension spring hanging ring II-0402 is connected, and the other end is connected with the extruded U-shaped plate box tension spring hanging ring II-0102. Its function is to squeeze the U-shaped plate tension spring II-14.
  • the U-shaped plate bearing II-24 is always in contact with the extrusion cam II-02.
  • the rolling friction between the cam and the bearing reduces energy consumption and improves economic efficiency;
  • the upper shaft IV positioning hole II-0106 is matched, and the matching method is interference fit;
  • the nine blanking cams II-18 are also staggered at a certain angle, and are fixed on the shaft II II-07 by the blanking cam positioning screw II-19.
  • the blanking cam positioning screw II-19 passes through the falling of the blanking cam II-18.
  • the material cam positioning screw hole II-1801 connects the blanking cam II-18 and the shaft II II-07 fixedly, and the shaft II II-07 passes through the upper shaft II positioning hole II-0105 of the pre-broken shell box II-01.
  • Two blanking cams II-18 are respectively located in the middle of each station of the pre-cracked shell box II-01. Bearings II-06 with rhombus seats are matched with the shaft ends on both sides of the shaft II II-07, passing through the hexagonal flange surface.
  • the bearing locating bolt II-17 and the hexagonal flange bearing locating nut II-16 are fixed on the pre-broken shell box II-01; the belt wheel II II-10, the belt wheel III II-11 pass the hexagon socket cylinder head setting screw II -22 is fixed on the right end of the shaft II II-07; the blanking U-shaped plate II-03 is located in the nine stations of the pre-broken shell box II-01, and the blanking U-shaped plate II-03 is fixed with blanking U on the side.
  • Plate sleeve II-0301, blanking U-shaped plate sleeve II-0301 is hinged to the pre-broken shell box II-01 through shaft III II-09, blanking U-shaped plate sleeve II-0301 and shaft III II- 09
  • the fitting method is clearance fit.
  • the blanking U-shaped plate bearing II-20 is hinged with the blanking U-shaped plate U-shaped bearing positioning groove II-0303 on the blanking U-shaped plate II-03 through the pin shaft II-21.
  • Extruded U-shaped plate II-04 and blanking U-shaped plate II-03 are cut from round iron pipes, and are hinged together with the pre-broken shell box through a shaft.
  • Extruded U-shaped plate II-04 and blanking U The shape plates II-03 are arranged vertically, and the horizontal cross section is U-shaped.
  • the extruded U-shaped plate II-04 and the blanking U-shaped plate II-03 are opposed to form a vertical cylindrical structure, and the U-shaped plate II- is extruded.
  • the U-shaped extrusion surface of the blanking U-shaped plate II-03 is processed with multiple trapezoidal grooves (not shown in the figure) to increase the friction with the walnut surface. There is a gap between them, and the gap is from top to bottom Gradually reduce, able to locate walnuts of various sizes.
  • the axis I positioning hole II-0103, the axis III positioning hole II-0104, the axis IV positioning hole II-0106, and the axis II positioning hole II-0105 completely penetrate through the pre-cracked housing II-01, respectively.
  • the tension spring hanging ring II-0101 of the U-shaped board box body corresponds to the middle position of the nine stations of the pre-broken shell box II-01, and is fixed to the pre-broken shell box II-01 by welding, and the U-shaped board box is extruded
  • the body tension spring hanging rings II-0102 correspond to the middle positions of the nine stations of the pre-broken shell box II-01, and are fixed to the pre-broken shell box II-01 by welding.
  • S displacement
  • ⁇ cam rotation angle
  • a acceleration
  • C 0 , C 1 , and C 2 are the set constants.
  • S displacement
  • ⁇ cam rotation angle
  • a acceleration
  • C 0 , C 1 are set constants.
  • the speed of the extrusion cam is n 0 r/min and the base circle diameter d 0 .
  • the gap between m min and m max is obtained by consulting the data and statistics by myself. Considering that the walnut skin has a certain elasticity, cracks may not grow under small deformation, so the maximum value m max The total gap between the two sides is 2m max , and the maximum moment arm has been obtained because the cam acts on the distal end of the clamping device. Assuming that the diameter of the walnut is d min ⁇ d max , the U-shaped plate and the blanking U are squeezed at different lengths.
  • the horizontal displacement a i between the inner grooves of the shaped plate is d min ⁇ d max.
  • the funnel device IV is composed of an upper funnel-shaped structure and a dustpan-shaped structure below.
  • the top of the funnel-shaped structure is connected to the pre-crushed shell box, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped structure is connected with the dustpan-shaped structure.
  • the walnuts after pre-cracking are collected by the hopper device IV.
  • Walnuts are classified by the reverse rotation between the single screw dragon I-19 and the double screw dragon I-18 in the feeding device I.
  • the friction between the spiral blade I-1903 and the short spiral blade I-1803 makes the walnut Sequential falling, that is, every time each station of the pre-cracking device completes an extrusion, the blanking process corresponds to a walnut, so that the small walnuts are classified into the left side of the pre-cracking device II, and the large walnuts pass through the spiral blade I-1903 and
  • the friction between the long spiral blades I-1804 achieves the purpose of orderly falling, and enters several stations on the right side of the pre-crashing device II.
  • the extrusion cam II-02 corresponding to the station is at the beginning of the first stage of the push stroke, and the blanking cam II-18 is at the remote rest stage, and the U-shaped plate is being extruded.
  • Axis III II-09 is the center of rotation, and the walnut will be automatically positioned in the appropriate position in the slot under the action of gravity.
  • the extrusion cam II-02 enters the thrust stage, and through rolling contact with the extrusion U-shaped plate bearing II-24, pushes the extruded U-shaped plate II-04 to the axis IV II-13.
  • the walnut is squeezed. Since the squeeze cam II-02 has two push strokes, the walnut will be squeezed twice.
  • the blanking cam II-18 is in a remote state, but after the walnut elastic deformation stage, it will Produce irreversible plastic deformation.

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Abstract

一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，包括喂料装置（I）、预破壳装置（II）；喂料装置（I）包括喂料箱，喂料箱内设置单螺旋绞龙（I-19）和双螺旋绞龙（I-18），单螺旋绞龙（I-19）和双螺旋绞龙（I-18）转向相反，单螺旋绞龙（I-19）和双螺旋绞龙（I-18）下方设置可调节弹簧隔板（I-09）；预破壳装置（II）包括预破壳箱体（II-01），预破壳箱体（II-01）内设置多个挤压工位，每一挤压工位均设置预破壳组件，预破壳组件包括落料U形板（II-03）、挤压U形板（II-04），落料U形板（II-03）第一端铰接于预破壳箱体（II-01），落料U形板（II-03）第二端由落料凸轮（II-18）推动运动，挤压U形板（II-04）与落料U形板（II-03）第一端相对的一端由挤压凸轮（II-02）推动运动，挤压U形板（II-04）与落料U形板（II-03）第二端相对的一端铰接于预破壳箱体（II-01），落料凸轮（II-18）运动时挤压凸轮（II-02）处于远休止状态，挤压凸轮（II-02）运动时落料凸轮（II-18）处于远休止状态。

Description

一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统 技术领域
本公开属于核桃加工破壳技术领域，具体涉及一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统。
背景技术
核桃仁是营养非常丰富的食物，具有以下优点：1、补虚强体，提供营养，经动物实验证明，含胡桃油的混合脂肪饮食，可使体重增长，血清白蛋白增加，而血胆固醇水平升高却较慢，故核桃是难得的一种高脂肪性物质的补养品。2、消炎杀菌，养护皮肤，桃核仁有直接的抑菌消炎作用。据临床报道，将核桃仁捣烂制成的核桃焦油氧化锌糊膏，治疗皮炎、湿疹，有效率可达100％。核桃仁富含的油脂，有利于润泽肌肤，保持人体活力。3、防癌抗癌，实验证明，核桃有效成分对小鼠S37肿瘤有抑制作用。核桃技对多种肿瘤，如食道癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、肺癌、甲状腺癌、淋巴肉瘤等都有一定的抑制作用。此外，核桃对癌症患者还有镇痛，提升白细胞及保护肝脏等作用。4、健脑防老，核桃中有人体需要的蛋白质，其成分有很多，还有人体营养必需的不饱和脂肪酸，这些成分皆为大脑组织细胞代谢的重要物质，能滋养脑细胞，增强脑功能。5、净化血液，降低胆固醇，核桃能减少肠道对胆固醇的吸收，排出血管的杂物，使血液净化，从而为人体提供更好的新鲜血液。所以，核桃仁有防止动脉硬化，降低胆固醇的作用。此外，核桃还可用于治疗非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。6、核桃仁中含有较多的蛋白质和人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸，这些成分有非常好的补脑效果，能滋养脑细胞，增强脑功能。7、核桃仁可以有效的防止动脉硬化，降低胆固醇。此外，核桃还可用于治疗非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病，可提升白细胞，保护肝脏。8、核桃仁含有大量维生素E，经常食用有润肺、黑发的作用。9、舒缓疲劳、抗压。10、润燥滑肠，用于肠燥便秘的大便难解，同时有较强的活血调经、祛瘀生新的功效，对止咳也有一定疗效等多种功效。
随着核桃产量和市场需求的不断增加，核桃深加工问题也愈发凸显。其中核桃的破壳取仁是深加工所面临的的首要问题。由于核桃壳由木素，纤维素，半纤维素组成，造成核桃壳硬而厚的特点，并且核桃外形不规则，内有多个分隔，核桃仁质地较脆，壳仁间隙小等等特点，给剥壳取仁增添了很大困难。由于加工技术的落后，为了保证核桃仁的完整，往往采用手工的方式，即“手剥山核桃法”，使用柔性材料制成的锤子对在模子里的山核桃进行人工敲击，使核桃壳表面产生裂纹，这样可以在不伤及核桃仁的情况下，将壳完美去除。核桃产品的经济效益与核桃的整仁率息息相关。核桃本身含有丰富的油脂，如核桃在加工过程中表面出现破损，其内在的不饱和脂肪酸会从破损处外溢，随即氧化，大大影响核桃品质和核桃本身的营养价值。所以，核桃仁完整率越高，经济效益越高，高整仁率和高效率是当代核桃 破壳取仁机竞争的焦点。随着国内外学者对机械化核桃破壳装置研究的加深，许多新型的核桃剥壳机出现。目前市场上传统的核桃破壳机是利用核桃的物理特性来对核桃进行破壳取仁，其中包括：碾搓法、撞击法、剪切法和挤压法以及超声波震碎法。前四种方法都是利用核桃壳与仁之间还有一定的间隙，通过机械装置刚性地施加压力对壳造成破碎的效果。发明人发现，这些机器在使用过程中，往往把未经任何处理的核桃直接放入核桃破壳机中，进行加工，这种加工方法会有整仁率不高，效率低下的缺点。
青岛理工大学的李长河、李晶尧、王胜、张强发明了核桃剥壳取仁装置，它包括机架，机架上设有机箱，机箱内设有压紧粉碎装置，在压紧粉碎装置的出料口设有搅拌装置，搅拌装置的出料口设有分选装置，机箱下壁固定有动力装置，动力装置通过V带分别与分选装置和压紧粉碎装置连接，首先通过压紧粉碎装置使核桃破裂，在通过搅拌装置的锤击，和分离装置的风力分离、绒带粘附等作用，使核桃破壳并实现壳仁分离的自动化，采用高度调节装置，使装置可以适应处理不同品种的核桃，因而可以用于大批量的生产作业中，缩短劳动时间及节约劳动力，降低加工成本，较好的解决了核桃剥壳取仁难，依赖手工的问题，并使剥壳率和高路仁率有所提高，实现高效、低耗、低成本绿色清洁生产。
青岛理工大学的刘明政、李长河、张彦彬发明了核桃剪切挤压破壳柔性捶击取仁装备，它包括：喂料斗；接收喂料斗送来物料的平带剪切挤压破壳装置；柔性螺旋叶片锤击系统，它接收平带剪切挤压破壳装置送来的初步破壳的物料，并进行二次锤击破壳；在柔性螺旋叶片锤击系统下部设有核桃壳与核桃仁分离装置；平带剪切挤压破壳装置、核桃仁分离装置与传动系统连接，传动系统与动力源一连接；柔性螺旋叶片锤击系统与动力源二连接；上述各设备均安装在机架上。
青岛理工大学的李长河、邢旭东、马正诚、张晓阳、杨帆、许好男、周亚博、韩一鸣发明了自动输送定位的核桃破壳装置及其使用方法，包括设于机架的至少一个核桃固定机构和至少两根撞击杆，核桃固定机构的上方设有核桃喂料斗，核桃破壳模具开有核桃定位孔，在核桃定位孔的两侧各设有用于覆盖核桃定位孔的定位定量送料滑块，核桃破壳模具的侧壁开有至少两个与核桃定位孔相通的开孔，多根撞击杆在移动机构的带动下穿过与每根撞击杆对应的开孔撞击设置于核桃定位孔内的核桃；本发明采用了搅拌装置进行送料，结构精巧，效率高且故障率极低。本发明的喂料斗出料孔形状、定位输送机构内的通孔采用核桃定位截面形状，使核桃在一系列的下落过程中均可保证定位的结果稳定不变，核桃姿态精确可控，实现了核桃喂料的自动化、可控化。
这些破壳取仁机存在的整体不足是：核桃破壳不够完全，得到核桃仁的整仁率和手工剥 壳还有一定的差距。目前核桃破壳相关机器过多的提高了破壳率和破壳速度，而忽略了核桃仁在挤压过程中所受到的损伤，导致核桃仁破碎率较高。
石超志发明了一种具有裂缝山核桃的加工方法，包括以下步骤：提供干燥的山核桃；对干燥的山核桃表面进行磨光；再用水浸泡3～8小时；将浸泡的山核桃捞出控水，然后直接倒入炒制器物内翻炒，直致山核桃尖口处出现裂纹然后取出冷却；用刀具沿山核桃裂纹处下劈，使刀具进入裂缝1～1.5cm时，扩大裂缝，以不使山核桃分为两半为宜；在山核桃的裂缝处稍微挤压，合并裂缝，近似的恢复山核桃的原貌。本发明所制得的山核桃，保留了原有的面貌和风味，通过手掰即可非常容易地将山核桃外壳分为两瓣，食用果仁相当方便，老幼皆可食用，并且加工成本也比较低。另外，食用后的外壳表面光滑完整且富有艺术美感，可以制成手工艺品。
这种方法的缺点在于工序过于繁琐，效率低，而且由于对核桃进行了浸泡处理，一定程度上影响了口感。
陕西科技大学的郑甲红、赵奎鹏、闫茹、薛启程、李大军、余秦程、杨睿、王凡发明了一种四点挤压式核桃破壳设备，包括机架、电机、挤压装置、传动装置、上料装置；电机位于机架底部的电机安装板上，电机通过连杆与传动装置的总摇杆下端相连，电机带动总摇杆摆动，推杆沿导轨做直线往复运动，推杆的另一端与挤压装置的摇杆连接，带动摇杆做摆动运动，上料装置固定在挤压装置的摇杆上，挤压装置带动上料板上料；核桃放入料斗内，摇杆左右摆动，当其向右摆到极限位置时，上料板的孔和料斗底部的孔相重合，核桃落入上料板的孔中，摇杆向左摆动，当挡料板的孔与核桃挤压孔重合，核桃落入挤压孔内，挤压完成后，挡料板打开使核桃掉入出料斗内；一次性从四个点进行挤压核桃，使核桃破壳更充分，具有破壳完整，效率高，操作方便的特点。
此装置的缺点是对大小不同的核桃所产生的挤压力、挤压形变不同，可能会出现大核桃挤碎、小核桃未挤裂的情况。
肖泽文发明的一种核桃挤压破皮器，包括两个对向设置的挤压端和位于两个所述挤压端中间的套管；所述挤压端包括旋转把手和挤压螺栓，两者之间为固定连接；所述套管两端的内壁上分别设置有螺旋方向相反的内螺纹，所述挤压螺栓设置有与所述内螺纹相配合的外螺纹；所述挤压螺栓的端部设置有用于贴合核桃外壳的半球形凹槽；所述半球形凹槽的表面分布有若干个凸起。与现有技术相比，本实用新型操作简便，省时省力，能够最大程度上保证核桃果仁的完整性，节约了操作时间。
该装置虽然操作简便，省时省力，能够最大程度上保证核桃果仁的完整性，节约了操作 时间，但是由于行程控制是固定的，还是存在大核桃挤碎、小核桃未挤裂的情况。
青岛理工大学的李长河，王玉成，徐会成，袁鹏飞，王晓铭，马正诚，邓乐乐，洪远发明的一种基于精确自定位的核桃挤压出裂纹系统及方法，系统包括驱动机构、传动机构和挤压机构，所述驱动机构产生驱动力，推动传动机构进行往复运动；挤压机构包括相向设置的落料块和挤压块，所述落料块和挤压块之间具有间隙，且该间隙逐渐减小，以对落下的核桃定位；所述传送机构推动落料块和挤压块，改变挤压块与落料块之间的间隙大小，以挤压落入挤压块与落料块之间的核桃而产生裂纹。本发明在有效减少人力物力，提高了生产效率的前提下，增加了预破壳工序，充分保证了核仁的完整性。另外，本发明在机构上进行优化，在简化机构的同时提高了系统工作的稳定性，也降低了系统的总成本，生产效果可观。
该装置虽然在简化机构的同时提高了系统工作的稳定性，也降低了系统的总成本，生产效果可观，但是由于凸轮推杆与滑轨之间接触面积较大，摩擦较大，存在功耗大，能效比低，大核桃挤碎、小核桃未挤裂的缺点。
综合以上因素，结合当前绿色低碳发展的理念，以及对核桃破壳组织结构的充分认识，发现经过预破壳处理之后的核桃，再进行机械加工对核桃破壳技术的提升以及提高经济效益有重要意义。而且通过设计一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统与现有的机械相协作，可以明显提高核桃整仁率。而相关装置发展并不完善，现有预破壳装置的破壳效果并不理想，普遍存在单位能耗高，经济性差的缺点。
发明内容
本公开目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统；该系统集核桃喂料，自定位，自适应，精准挤压，落料五大功能能于一体，利用两根不同结构的绞龙反向转动，通过与可调节弹簧隔板的配合实现对不同尺寸核桃的分离，以及对预破壳装置的有序喂料；利用多组挤压U形板与落料U形板之间相互配合实现其自适应，自定位功能，即可以在不伤害核桃仁的前提下对各种尺寸核桃进行定位，精确挤压，使核桃外壳产生裂纹；利用多组挤压凸轮与挤压U形板上轴承之间的滚动，实现其挤压功能；利用多组落料凸轮与落料U形板上轴承之间的滚动，实现其落料功能。
本公开的发明目的是提出一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，为实现上述目的，本公开采用下述技术方案：
一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，包括固定于机架的喂料装置、预破壳装置，所述喂料装置设置于预破壳装置上方，预破壳装置下方设置漏斗装置；
所述喂料装置包括喂料箱，喂料箱内设置相互平行的单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙，单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙转向相反，单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙下方设置可调节弹簧隔板；
所述预破壳装置包括预破壳箱体，预破壳箱体内设置多个挤压工位，每一挤压工位均设置预破壳组件，所述预破壳组件包括相对设置的落料U形板、挤压U形板，落料U形板第一端铰接于预破壳箱体，落料U形板第二端由落料凸轮推动运动，挤压U形板与落料U形板第一端相对的一端由挤压凸轮推动运动，挤压U形板与落料U形板第二端相对的一端铰接于预破壳箱体，且落料凸轮运动时挤压凸轮处于远休止状态，挤压凸轮运动时落料凸轮处于远休止状态。
本公开的核桃预破壳系统的工作原理是：
核桃通过喂料装置，经单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙的反向转动实现核桃大小分级，使核桃下落速度减缓以使下方预破壳装置各个工位每完成一个挤压落料流程对应一个核桃。核桃经喂料装置分级，减速后，小核桃进入预破壳装置左侧若干工位，大核桃进入预破壳装置右侧若干工位，其中，当核桃开始在对应工位上方下落时，该工位挤压凸轮处于第一推程的起始位置，落料凸轮处于远休止状态，各种尺寸的核桃会自动落入挤压U形板与落料U形板之间合适位置实现其自适应自定位功能。待核桃在两块U形板之间固定后，挤压凸轮进入推程阶段，通过与挤压U形板上轴承之间的滚动，推动挤压U形板运动与保持原位的落料U形板配合，对核桃挤压出裂纹。挤压完成，挤压凸轮进入回程阶段，核桃经漏斗装置漏出，随即每个工位重复上述工作流程。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙均水平设置，单螺旋绞龙上方固定设置第一挡板，双螺旋绞龙上方固定设置第二挡板，第一挡板和第二挡板相对设置于喂料箱侧壁，且第一挡板和第二挡板均由与喂料箱连接端至另一端倾斜向下设置，第一挡板和第二挡板之间形成喂料入口。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述双螺旋绞龙的双螺旋叶片固定轴外侧固设短螺旋叶片和长螺旋叶片，短螺旋叶片和长螺旋叶片平行设置，短螺旋叶片长度小于长螺旋叶片长度。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述单螺旋绞龙的螺旋叶片与长螺旋叶片相切设置。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述可调节弹簧隔板包括水平设置的U形缺口挡板，所述U形缺口挡板一端通过两根螺杆与喂料箱固接，螺杆上套设弹簧，U形缺口挡板另一端设置多个U型开口以供核桃由其落下，U型开口对应设置于落料U形板、挤压U形板上方。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述落料U形板和挤压U形板均竖向设置，二者的横截面呈U型，落料U形板和挤压U形板相对形成竖向的筒状结构。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述落料U形板和挤压U形板的内侧面设有多条梯形槽，相邻梯形槽之间具有间隙，且间隙由上至下逐渐减小。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述落料U形板侧部通过落料U形板拉簧与预破壳箱体连接，所述挤压U形板侧部通过挤压U形板拉簧与预破壳箱体连接。
作为进一步的技术方案，多个所述挤压工位的落料凸轮错开设定角度，多个挤压工位的落料凸轮固接于同一转轴上；多个挤压工位的挤压凸轮错开设定角度，多个挤压工位的挤压凸轮固接于同一转轴上。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述落料U形板侧部与落料U形板轴承通过销轴铰接在一起，落料U形板轴承与落料凸轮接触配合；所述挤压U形板侧部与挤压U形板轴承通过销轴铰接在一起，挤压U形板轴承与挤压凸轮接触配合。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述挤压凸轮具有两段推程，对应于第一段推程的挤压凸轮轮廓线为二次多项式曲线，对应于第二段推程的挤压凸轮轮廓线为一次多项式曲线。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述挤压凸轮和落料凸轮均通过传动机构与动力装置连接。
本公开的有益效果为：
(1)本公开的核桃预破壳系统，通过特殊设计的喂料装置，可以实现对不同硬度，不同大小核桃的分级，通过调整绞龙转速，以及下方可调弹簧挡板的距离可以改变核桃下落速度，为下一步预破壳做充分准备。
(2)本公开的核桃预破壳系统，采用多个相互独立工位，进行预破壳工作，通过与喂料装置的配合，挺高了整仁率，以及破壳效率，为下一步核桃深加工做充分的准备。
(3)本公开的核桃预破壳系统，可以调整凸轮安装方式，即每个相邻工位的凸轮依次顺时针或逆时针偏移设定角度,通过多工位差动运行，降低主轴等传动部件材料要求，对电机功率要求较小，也可以通过凸轮同向安装，挺高破壳效率。
(4)本公开的核桃预破壳系统，采用两块相对的U形板，且挤压面内刻有多道特殊梯形槽，增加了核桃壳挤压受力点，改善受力状况，使核桃壳受力均匀，并且可以实现各种尺寸核桃的挤压，且在挤压过程中实现水平方向的自定位，避免产生挤压不充分，伤及核桃仁的情况。
(5)本公开的核桃预破壳系统，对核桃挤压更加充分，采用两段推程挤压凸轮，可以对核桃不同部位进行两次挤压，效果更好。
(6)本公开的核桃预破壳系统，U形挤压板上安装轴承，通过轴承与凸轮表面的滚动摩擦，降低能量损耗，以及运营使用成本。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为核桃预破壳系统轴测图；
图2为喂料装置轴测图；
图3为喂料装置爆炸图；
图4(a)为喂料装置俯视图；
图4(b)为图4(a)A-A剖视图；
图5为喂料箱轴测图；
图5(a)为喂料箱主视图；
图5(b)为喂料箱左视图；
图6为可调节弹簧隔板轴测图；
图7为单螺旋绞龙轴测图；
图7(a)为单螺旋绞龙主视图；
图7(b)为图7(a)B-B剖视图；
图8为双螺旋绞龙轴测图；
图8(a)为双螺旋绞龙主视图；
图8(b)为图8(a)C-C剖视图；
图9为单螺旋绞龙V形挡板轴测图；
图9(a)为单螺旋绞龙V形挡板后视图；
图9(b)为单螺旋绞龙V形挡板左视图；
图9(c)为单螺旋绞龙V形挡板俯视图；
图10为双螺旋绞龙V形挡板轴测图；
图10(a)为双螺旋绞龙V形挡板俯视图；
图10(b)为双螺旋绞龙V形挡板后视图；
图10(c)为双螺旋绞龙V形挡板右视图；
图11为带圆环座轴承爆炸图；
图11(a)带圆环座轴承主视图；
图11(b)为图11(a)D-D剖视图；
图12(a)为大直齿齿轮与单螺旋绞龙连接部分剖视图；
图12(b)为图12(a)E-E剖视图；
图13(a)为小直齿齿轮与双螺旋绞龙连接部分剖视图；
图13(b)为图13(a)F-F剖视图；
图14为带轮I与单螺旋绞龙连接部分剖视图；
图15为预破壳装置轴测图；
图16为预破壳装置爆炸图；
图17(a)为预破壳装置俯视图；
图17(b)为图17(a)A-A剖视图；
图17(c)为挤压U形板安装位置示意图；
图18为预破壳箱体轴测图；
图18(a)为预破壳箱体俯视图；
图18(b)为预破壳箱体右视图；
图18(c)为图18(a)B-B剖视图；
图19为落料U形板部分爆炸图；
图19(a)为落料U形板俯视图；
图19(b)为落料U形板侧视图；
图20为挤压U形板部分爆炸图；
图20(a)为挤压U形板俯视图；
图20(b)为挤压U形板侧视图；
图21为挤压凸轮轴测图；
图21(a)为挤压凸轮侧视图；
图21(b)为挤压凸轮与轴I连接部分剖视图；
图21(c)为挤压凸轮两个推程的曲线示意图；
图21(d)为挤压凸轮的尺寸设计示意图；
图22为落料凸轮轴测图；
图22(a)为落料凸轮侧视图；
图22(b)为落料凸轮与轴II连接部分剖视图；
图23为挤压凸轮安装位置示意图；
图24为机架爆炸图；
图25(a)为主动带轮与电机连接部分剖视图；
图25(b)为图25(a)A-A剖视图；
图26为漏斗装置轴测图；
图26(a)为漏斗装置侧视图；
图中，喂料装置I，预破壳装置II，机架III，漏斗装置IV；
I-01-喂料箱前挡板，I-02-三角铁连接板，I-03-喂料箱左挡板，I-04-带菱形座轴承，I-05-六角法兰面螺栓，I-06-六角法兰面螺母，I-07-喂料箱后挡板，I-08-单螺旋绞龙V形挡板，I-09-可调节弹簧隔板，I-10-双螺旋绞龙V形挡板，I-11-带菱形座轴承，I-12-大直齿齿轮，I-13-带轮I，I-14-小直齿齿轮，I-15-深沟球轴承，I-16-圆环形轴承座，I-17-喂料箱右挡板，I-18-双螺旋绞龙，I-19-单螺旋绞龙，I-20-大直齿齿轮定位键，I-21-内六角圆柱头螺钉，I-22-小直齿齿轮定位键，I-23-紧定螺钉，
II-01-预破壳箱体，II-02-挤压凸轮，II-03-落料U形板，II-04-挤压U形板，II-05-轴I，II-06-带菱形座轴承，II-07-轴II，II-08-落料U形板拉簧，II-09-轴III，II-10-带轮II，II-11-带轮III，II-12-带轮IV，II-13-轴IV，II-14-挤压U形板拉簧，II-15-挤压凸轮定位螺钉，II-16-六角法兰面轴承座定位螺母，II-17-六角法兰面轴承座定位螺栓，II-18-落料凸轮，II-19-落料凸轮定位螺钉，II-20-落料U形板轴承，II-21-销轴，II-22-内六角圆柱头定位螺钉，II-23-销轴，II-24-挤压U形板轴承，
III-01-电机，III-02-六角法兰面电机定位螺栓，III-03-六角法兰面电机定位螺母，III-04-电机定位挡板，III-05-主动带轮，III-06-铁架；
I-0101-可调节弹簧隔板左侧定位孔，I-0102-可调节弹簧隔板右侧定位孔，I-0301-单螺旋绞龙左侧定位孔，I-0302-双螺旋绞龙左侧定位孔，I-1701-单螺旋绞龙右侧定位孔，I-1702-双螺旋绞龙右侧定位孔，I-0901-U形缺口挡板，I-0902-右螺杆，I-0903-右弹簧，I-0904-左螺杆，I-0905-左弹簧，I-1801-小直齿齿轮定位键槽，I-1802-双螺旋叶片固定轴，I-1803-短螺旋叶片，I-1804-长螺旋叶片，I-1901-大直齿齿轮定位键槽，I-1902-单螺旋叶片固定轴，I-1903-螺旋叶片，
II-0101-落料U形板箱体拉簧挂环，II-0102挤压U形板箱体拉簧挂环，II-0103-轴I定位孔，II-0104-轴III定位孔，II-0105-轴II定位孔，II-0106-轴IV定位孔，II-0201-挤压凸轮定位螺孔，II-0301-落料U形板套筒，II-0302-落料U形板拉簧挂环，II-0303-落料U形板U形轴承定位槽，II-0401-挤压U形板U形轴承定位槽，II-0402-挤压U形板拉簧挂环，II-0403-挤压U形板套筒，II-1801-落料凸轮定位螺孔，III-0101-普通圆头平键。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
为了方便叙述，本公开中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
正如背景技术所介绍的，发明人发现，现有预破壳装置的破壳效果并不理想，普遍存在单位能耗高，经济性差的缺点，为了解决如上的技术问题，本申请提出了一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统。
本申请提供了一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，包括固定于机架的喂料装置、预破壳装置，所述喂料装置设置于预破壳装置上方，预破壳装置下方设置漏斗装置；
所述喂料装置包括喂料箱，喂料箱内设置相互平行的单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙，单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙转向相反，单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙下方设置可调节弹簧隔板；
所述预破壳装置包括预破壳箱体，预破壳箱体内设置多个挤压工位，每一挤压工位均设置预破壳组件，所述预破壳组件包括相对设置的落料U形板、挤压U形板，落料U形板第一端铰接于预破壳箱体，落料U形板第二端由落料凸轮推动运动，挤压U形板与落料U形板第一端相对的一端由挤压凸轮推动运动，挤压U形板与落料U形板第二端相对的一端铰接于预破壳箱体，且落料凸轮运动时挤压凸轮处于远休止状态，挤压凸轮运动时落料凸轮处于远休止状态。
实施例1
下面结合附图1-附图26对本实施例公开的核桃预破壳系统做进一步的说明；
参照附图1所示，核桃预破壳系统由喂料装置I，预破壳装置II，机架III及漏斗装置IV四部分构成，喂料装置I设置于预破壳装置II上方，喂料装置I中喂料箱前挡板I-01，喂料箱后挡板I-07通过焊接与预破壳装置II中预破壳箱体II-01连接在一起，预破壳箱体II-01通过焊接与机架III中的铁架III-06连接，其中带轮I I-13，带轮IV II-12，带轮III II-11 通过皮带连接在一起，带轮II II-10与主动带轮III-05通过皮带连接在一起，漏斗装置IV设置于预破壳装置II下方，漏斗装置IV通过焊接与预破壳箱体II-01连接。
如图24所示，机架III由多个铁架III-06形成框架结构，电机III-01通过六角法兰面电机定位螺栓III-02，六角法兰面电机定位螺母III-03与电机定位挡板III-04连接在一起，电机定位挡板III-04通过焊接与铁架III-06连接在一起，主动带轮III-05通过普通圆头平键III-0101与电机轴上的键槽相连。
电机III-01即为本公开预破壳系统的动力装置，电机III-01通过传动机构带动喂料装置I的单螺旋蛟龙、双螺旋绞龙，预破壳装置II的挤压凸轮、落料凸轮运动，传动机构由带轮，齿轮，传动带等组成，电机III-01通过皮带传动，带动预破壳装置中落料凸轮进行运动，同时与落料凸轮配合的轴端另一个带轮，通过皮带传动带动单螺旋蛟龙，以及挤压凸轮同时运动，单螺旋蛟龙通过齿轮啮合带动双螺旋绞龙反向转动。
如图2和图3所示，喂料箱左挡板I-03与喂料箱后挡板I-07通过四组相同的六角法兰面螺栓I-05及六角法兰面螺母I-06定位夹紧在三角铁连接板I-02上；喂料箱后挡板I-07与喂料箱右挡板I-17通过四组相同的六角法兰面螺栓I-05及六角法兰面螺母I-06定位夹紧在三角铁连接板I-02上；喂料箱右挡板I-17与喂料箱前挡板I-01通过四组相同的六角法兰面螺栓I-05及六角法兰面螺母I-06定位夹紧在三角铁连接板I-02上；喂料箱前挡板I-01与喂料箱左挡板I-03通过四组相同的六角法兰面螺栓I-05及六角法兰面螺母I-06定位夹紧在三角铁连接板I-02上；以上构成喂料箱主体。
如图4(a)、图4(b)所示，单螺旋绞龙I-19、双螺旋绞龙I-18相互平行设置于喂料箱内，单螺旋绞龙I-19和双螺旋绞龙I-18均水平设置，二者转向相反；单螺旋绞龙I-19中螺旋叶片I-1903的外径和双螺旋绞龙I-18中长螺旋叶片I-1804的外径相切，短螺旋叶片I-1803与长螺旋叶片I-1804之间错开一定距离，通过大直齿齿轮I-12与小直齿齿轮I-14之间的啮合，从而达到单螺旋绞龙I-19与双螺旋绞龙I-18转动方向相反的目的，其中双螺旋绞龙I-18双螺旋叶片区域主要作用是分离核桃中大直径核桃，并且通过与单螺旋蛟龙I-19螺旋叶片I-1903之间的相对转动使分离后的小直径核桃有序下落，双螺旋绞龙I-18右侧单螺旋叶片区域通过与单螺旋绞龙I-19上螺旋叶片I-1903之间的相对转动减缓分离过后大直径核桃下落速度。
如图5和图5(b)所示，单螺旋绞龙I-19中单螺旋叶片固定轴I-1902分别穿过喂料箱右挡板I-17上单螺旋绞龙右侧定位孔I-1701以及喂料箱左挡板I-03上单螺旋绞龙左侧定位孔I-0301，并且左右两侧单螺旋叶片固定轴I-1902的轴端分别与带菱形座轴承I-04，带菱形座轴承I-11相配合，通过六角法兰面螺栓I-05，六角法兰面螺母I-06固定在喂料箱左挡板I-03以 及喂料箱右挡板I-17上；
双螺旋绞龙I-18中双螺旋叶片固定轴I-1802分别穿过喂料箱右挡板I-17上双螺旋绞龙右侧定位孔I-1702以及喂料箱左挡板I-03上双螺旋绞龙左侧定位孔I-0302，并且左右两侧双螺旋叶片固定轴I-1802的轴端分别与两个深沟球轴承I-15配合，其中两个深沟球轴承I-15分别通过紧定螺钉I-23固定于两个圆环形轴承座I-16上，两个圆环形轴承座I-16通过焊接分别固定于喂料箱右挡板I-17与喂料箱左挡板I-03上；大直齿齿轮I-12通过大直齿齿轮定位键I-20与单螺旋较龙I-19上的大直齿齿轮定位键槽I-1901相配合，小直齿齿轮I-14通过小直齿齿轮定位键I-22与双螺旋绞龙I-18上的小直齿齿轮定位键槽I-1801相配合，从而使大直齿齿轮I-12与小直齿齿轮I-14相啮合；带轮I I-13通过内六角圆柱头螺钉I-21固定在单螺旋叶片固定轴I-1902上大直齿齿轮定位键槽I-1901右侧轴端位置；大直齿齿轮I-12通过啮合传动带动两个绞龙反向转动，对不同尺寸的核桃起到分离作用，通过螺旋叶片与核桃表面的摩擦减缓核桃下落速度；
单螺旋绞龙V形挡板I-08(即第一挡板)通过焊接固定于喂料箱后挡板I-07上，单螺旋绞龙V形挡板I-08与单螺旋绞龙I-19的螺旋叶片相切且其倾斜向下设置，其作用防止核桃随单螺旋绞龙I-19转动掉落在预破壳装置U形板开口之外；双螺旋绞龙V型挡板I-10(即第二挡板)通过焊接固定于喂料箱前挡板I-01上，双螺旋绞龙V型挡板I-10与双螺旋绞龙I-18的螺旋叶片相切且其倾斜向下设置，其作用是防止核桃随双螺旋绞龙I-18转动掉落在预破壳装置U形板开口之外。单螺旋绞龙V形挡板I-08、双螺旋绞龙V型挡板I-10二者之间形成喂料入口。
如图6所示，可调节弹簧隔板I-09由U形缺口挡板I-0901，左弹簧I-0905，左螺杆I-0904，右弹簧I-0903，右螺杆I-0902五部分构成，其中，左螺杆I-0904与右螺杆I-0902通过焊接固定于U形缺口挡板I-0901，左弹簧I-0905与右弹簧I-0903分别套在左螺杆I-0904，右螺杆I-0902上，左螺杆I-0904与右螺杆I-0902分别穿过喂料箱前挡板I-01可调节弹簧隔板左侧定位孔I-0101和可调节弹簧隔板右侧定位孔I-0102，分别通过两个六角法兰面螺母I-06固定在喂料箱前挡板I-01上，通过转动与之配合的两个六角法兰面螺母I-06，调节U形缺口挡板I-0901相对于挤压U形板与喂料U形板之间核桃入口的大小，并且U形缺口挡板I-0901中U形缺口的宽度与最大核桃直径尺寸相同。可调节弹簧隔板I-09安装在两只绞龙下方，与绞龙保持相切。
如图7，图7(a)和图7(b)所示，单螺旋绞龙I-19由螺旋叶片I-1903，单螺旋叶片固定轴I-1902组成，螺旋叶片I-1903通过焊接固定在单螺旋叶片固定轴I-1902上，并且单螺旋 叶片固定轴I-1902上刻有大直齿齿轮定位键槽I-1901；
如图8，图8(a)和图8(b)所示，双螺旋绞龙I-18由长螺旋叶片I-1804，短螺旋叶片I-1803以及双螺旋叶片固定轴I-1802组成，其中长螺旋叶片I-1804与短螺旋叶片I-1803除长度不同外，其他规格完全相同，之间间隔一定距离，通过焊接固定于双螺旋叶片固定轴I-1802上，且双螺旋叶片固定轴I-1802上刻有小直齿齿轮定位键槽I-1801。短螺旋叶片I-1803的长度小于长螺旋叶片I-1804长度，二者均由双螺旋叶片固定轴I-1802左端向右侧设置，双螺旋绞龙I-18左侧形成双螺旋叶片区域，右侧形成单螺旋叶片区域。
如图18所示，本实施例中，预破壳箱体II-01内设置九个挤压工位，相邻挤压工位之间通过隔板间隔，每个工位各对应设置一组预破壳组件，预破壳组件包括一对挤压U形板与落料U形板，以及一对挤压凸轮与落料凸轮，挤压凸轮与落料凸轮通过定位螺钉固定在与预破壳箱体配合的两根轴上；挤压凸轮有两种安装方式，一种为与最外端工位的凸轮位置依次顺时针方向或逆时针方向偏移40°,另一种安装方式为所有挤压凸轮同向安装，无论哪种安装方式落料凸轮与挤压凸轮的尺寸与推程满足落料凸轮运动时挤压凸轮处于远休止状态，挤压凸轮运动时落料凸轮处于远休止状态；以下对预破壳组件进行详细说明：
如图16，图17(a)和图17(b)、图17(c)、图23所示，本实施例中设置九个挤压凸轮，分别对应于九个挤压工位，九个挤压凸轮II-02成一定角度错开，通过挤压凸轮定位螺钉II-15固定在轴I II-05上，挤压凸轮定位螺钉II-15穿过挤压凸轮II-02的挤压凸轮定位螺孔II-0201将挤压凸轮II-02与轴I II-05固定连接，轴I II-05穿过预破壳箱体II-01上轴I定位孔II-0103，且每个挤压凸轮II-02分别位于预破壳箱体II-01每个工位的中间位置，带菱形座轴承II-06分别与轴I II-05两侧轴端配合，通过六角法兰面轴承座定位螺栓II-17与六角法兰面轴承座定位螺母II-16固定在预破壳箱体II-01上；带轮IV II-12通过内六角圆柱头定位螺钉II-22固定于轴I II-05的右端；挤压U形板II-04位于预破壳箱体II-01九个工位中，挤压U形板II-04侧部固定设置挤压U形板套筒II-0403，挤压U形板套筒II-0403通过轴IV II-13铰接于预破壳箱体II-01，挤压U形板套筒II-0403与轴IV II-13的配合方式为间隙配合，挤压U形板轴承II-24通过销轴II-23与挤压U形板II-04上挤压U形板U形轴承定位槽II-0401铰接在一起，其中销轴II-23与挤压U形板轴承II-24之间为间隙配合，与挤压U形板U形轴承定位槽II-0401之间为过盈配合，挤压U形板拉簧II-14一端与-挤压U形板拉簧挂环II-0402相连，另一端与挤压U形板箱体拉簧挂环II-0102相连，其作用为在挤压U形板拉簧II-14作用下使挤压U形板轴承II-24与挤压凸轮II-02始终保持接触状态，通过凸轮与轴承之间的滚动摩擦减小能耗，提高经济效益；轴IV II-13与预破壳箱体II-01上轴IV定位孔II-0106相配合，其配 合方式为过盈配合；
九个落料凸轮II-18也成一定角度错开，通过落料凸轮定位螺钉II-19固定在轴II II-07上，落料凸轮定位螺钉II-19穿过落料凸轮II-18的落料凸轮定位螺孔II-1801将落料凸轮II-18与轴II II-07固定连接，轴II II-07穿过预破壳箱体II-01上轴II定位孔II-0105，且每个落料凸轮II-18分别位于预破壳箱体II-01每个工位的中间位置，带菱形座轴承II-06分别与轴II II-07两侧轴端配合，通过六角法兰面轴承定位螺栓II-17与六角法兰面轴承定位螺母II-16固定在预破壳箱体II-01上；带轮II II-10、带轮III II-11通过内六角圆柱头定位螺钉II-22固定在轴II II-07的右端；落料U形板II-03位于预破壳箱体II-01九个工位中，落料U形板II-03侧部固定设置落料U形板套筒II-0301，落料U形板套筒II-0301通过轴III II-09铰接于预破壳箱体II-01，落料U形板套筒II-0301和轴III II-09配合方式为间隙配合，落料U形板轴承II-20通过销轴II-21与落料U形板II-03上落料U形板U形轴承定位槽II-0303铰接在一起，其中销轴II-21与落料U形板轴承II-20之间为间隙配合，与落料U形板U形轴承定位槽II-0303之间为过盈配合，落料U形板拉簧II-08一端与落料U形板拉簧挂环II-0302相连，另一端与落料U形板箱体拉簧挂环II-0101相连，其作用为在落料U形板拉簧II-08作用下使落料U形板轴承II-20与落料凸轮II-18始终保持接触状态，通过凸轮与轴承之间的滚动摩擦减小能耗，提高经济效益；轴III II-09与预破壳箱体II-01上轴III定位孔II-0104相配合，其配合方式为过盈配合。
挤压U形板II-04、落料U形板II-03采用圆形铁管切割而成，通过轴与预破壳箱体铰接在一起，挤压U形板II-04、落料U形板II-03均竖向设置，其水平横截面呈U型，挤压U形板II-04与落料U形板II-03相对形成竖向筒状结构，挤压U形板II-04、落料U形板II-03内侧U形挤压面内加工有多道梯形槽(图中未示出)，增加与核桃表面的摩擦，它们之间具有间隙，且间隙由上至下逐渐减少，能够对各种尺寸的核桃定位。
如图18所示，轴I定位孔II-0103，轴III定位孔II-0104，轴IV定位孔II-0106，轴II定位孔II-0105分别完全贯穿预破壳箱体II-01，落料U形板箱体拉簧挂环II-0101分别对应预破壳箱体II-01九个工位中间位置，通过焊接分别固定于预破壳箱体II-01，挤压U形板箱体拉簧挂环II-0102分别对应预破壳箱体II-01九个工位中间位置，通过焊接分别固定于预破壳箱体II-01。
如图21,图21(a)，图21(b)，图21(c)，图21(d)所示，下面详细介绍挤压凸轮的设计，根据预破壳装置的要求和制造成本，要减少机构运行产生的噪音和剧烈震动，采用多种运动规律组合的凸轮来满足工作要求，即将挤压凸轮设置成具有两段推程，由于第一段推程以及 回程位移大，相应的转角也大，故采用运动平缓的二次多项式运动规律曲线；第二段推程位移小，曲线过于复杂加工难度大，故用一次多项式曲线。
其中二次多项式运动规律方程为：
S＝C 0+C 1θ+C 2θ 2
Figure PCTCN2019114093-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019114093-appb-000002
式中，S为位移，θ为凸轮转角，ω凸轮角速度，a为加速度，C 0，C 1，C 2为所设常数。
一次多项式运动规律方程为：
S＝C 0+C 1θ
Figure PCTCN2019114093-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019114093-appb-000004
式中S为位移，θ为凸轮转角，ω凸轮角速度，a为加速度，C 0，C 1为所设常数。
考虑到机体结构的要求，挤压凸轮转速n 0r/min，基圆直径d 0。考虑到核桃壳和核桃仁的间隙，通过查阅资料和自己统计得出在m min～m max的间隙，考虑到核桃皮具有一定的弹性，小变形下不一定长生裂纹，所以取最大值m max两边对称总共间隙值为2m max，又因为凸轮作用到夹合装置的远端已得到最大的力臂，假设核桃的直径为d min～d max即不同长度下挤压U形板与落料U形板内槽之间的水平位移a i为d min～d max经计算求出两端位移差约等于Δd即Δa i为Δd，所以为保证落在中部和底部的核桃都能得到充分的挤压产生裂纹，所以确定挤压凸轮推程h为2m max+Δd＝h。
如图26、26(a)所示，漏斗装置IV由上方的漏斗状结构和下方的簸箕状结构组成，漏斗状结构顶部连接于预破壳箱体，漏斗状结构底部与簸箕状结构连通，供预破壳后的核桃由漏斗装置IV漏出收集。
本方案具体工作过程如下：
核桃经过喂料装置I中单螺旋蛟龙I-19与双螺旋绞龙I-18之间的反向转动实现分级，通 过螺旋叶片I-1903与短螺旋叶片I-1803之间的摩擦使核桃有序下落，即预破壳装置各个工位每完成一个挤压，落料流程对应一个核桃，使小核桃经过分级进入预破壳装置II左侧若干工位，大核桃通过螺旋叶片I-1903与长螺旋叶片I-1804之间的摩擦，达到有序下落的目的，进入预破壳装置II右侧若干工位。
下面就预破壳装置II一个工位，工作一个周期为例介绍本方案具体实施过程，其他单元工作原理与此类似。
当核桃经喂料装置处理开始下落时，此时对应工位的挤压凸轮II-02处于第一段推程起始阶段，落料凸轮II-18处于远休止阶段，在挤压U形板拉簧II-14，落料U形板拉簧II-08作用下，挤压U形板轴承II-24，落料U形板轴承II-20与挤压凸轮II-02落料凸轮II-18始终处于接触状态，从而使挤压U形板II-04与落料U形板II-03组成U形嵌槽，由于挤压U形板II-04与落料U形板II-03通过轴IV II-13、轴III II-09与预破壳箱体II-01铰接在一起，所以挤压U形板II-04与落料U形板II-03会分别以轴IV II-13、轴III II-09为中心转动，核桃在重力作用下会自动定位在嵌槽内合适位置。当核桃固定在嵌槽内后，挤压凸轮II-02进入推程阶段，通过与挤压U形板轴承II-24滚动接触，推动挤压U形板II-04以轴IV II-13为中心，对核桃进行挤压，由于挤压凸轮II-02有两段推程，会对核桃进行两次挤压此时落料凸轮II-18处于远休止状态，但核桃弹性变形阶段过后，会产生不可恢复的塑性变形。核桃挤压产生裂纹，落料凸轮II-18进入回程阶段，下落料U形板II-03在落料U形板拉簧II-08作用下落料U形板II-03以轴III II-09为中心转动，下部开口打开，挤压过后的核桃在重力作用下落下，经漏斗装置IV滚出，落料完成后挤压凸轮II-02落料凸轮II-18分别回归第一段推程起始阶段以及远休止阶段进行下一批次核桃处理。
上述虽然结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本公开保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本公开的保护范围以内。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，包括固定于机架的喂料装置、预破壳装置，所述喂料装置设置于预破壳装置上方，预破壳装置下方设置漏斗装置；
    所述喂料装置包括喂料箱，喂料箱内设置相互平行的单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙，单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙转向相反，单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙下方设置可调节弹簧隔板；
    所述预破壳装置包括预破壳箱体，预破壳箱体内设置多个挤压工位，每一挤压工位均设置预破壳组件，所述预破壳组件包括相对设置的落料U形板、挤压U形板，落料U形板第一端铰接于预破壳箱体，落料U形板第二端由落料凸轮推动运动，挤压U形板与落料U形板第一端相对的一端由挤压凸轮推动运动，挤压U形板与落料U形板第二端相对的一端铰接于预破壳箱体，且落料凸轮运动时挤压凸轮处于远休止状态，挤压凸轮运动时落料凸轮处于远休止状态。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述单螺旋绞龙和双螺旋绞龙均水平设置，单螺旋绞龙上方固定设置第一挡板，双螺旋绞龙上方固定设置第二挡板，第一挡板和第二挡板相对设置于喂料箱侧壁，且第一挡板和第二挡板均由与喂料箱连接端至另一端倾斜向下设置，第一挡板和第二挡板之间形成喂料入口。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述双螺旋绞龙的双螺旋叶片固定轴外侧固设短螺旋叶片和长螺旋叶片，短螺旋叶片和长螺旋叶片平行设置，短螺旋叶片长度小于长螺旋叶片长度；所述单螺旋绞龙的螺旋叶片与长螺旋叶片相切设置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述可调节弹簧隔板包括水平设置的U形缺口挡板，所述U形缺口挡板一端通过两根螺杆与喂料箱固接，螺杆上套设弹簧，U形缺口挡板另一端设置多个U型开口以供核桃由其落下，U型开口对应设置于落料U形板、挤压U形板上方。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述落料U形板和挤压U形板均竖向设置，二者的横截面呈U型，落料U形板和挤压U形板相对形成竖向的筒状结构。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述落料U形板和挤压U形板的内侧面设有多条梯形槽，相邻梯形槽之间具有间隙，且间隙由上至下逐渐减小。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述落料U形板侧部通过落料U形板拉簧与预破壳箱体连接，所述挤压U形板侧部通过挤压U形板拉簧与预破壳箱体连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，多个所述挤压工位的 落料凸轮错开设定角度，多个挤压工位的落料凸轮固接于同一转轴上；多个挤压工位的挤压凸轮错开设定角度，多个挤压工位的挤压凸轮固接于同一转轴上。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述落料U形板侧部与落料U形板轴承通过销轴铰接在一起，落料U形板轴承与落料凸轮接触配合；所述挤压U形板侧部与挤压U形板轴承通过销轴铰接在一起，挤压U形板轴承与挤压凸轮接触配合。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的多工位自适应核桃预破壳系统，其特征是，所述挤压凸轮具有两段推程，对应于第一段推程的挤压凸轮轮廓线为二次多项式曲线，对应于第二段推程的挤压凸轮轮廓线为一次多项式曲线；所述挤压凸轮和落料凸轮均通过传动机构与动力装置连接。
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