WO2021020463A1 - ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021020463A1 WO2021020463A1 PCT/JP2020/029122 JP2020029122W WO2021020463A1 WO 2021020463 A1 WO2021020463 A1 WO 2021020463A1 JP 2020029122 W JP2020029122 W JP 2020029122W WO 2021020463 A1 WO2021020463 A1 WO 2021020463A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- photosensitive resin
- resin composition
- general formula
- organic group
- negative photosensitive
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 155
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 94
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 65
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl malonate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)OC BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- LBVMWHCOFMFPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound COCCC(=O)N(C)C LBVMWHCOFMFPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YPEWWOUWRRQBAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)CC(C)=O YPEWWOUWRRQBAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LVYXPOCADCXMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxy-n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CCCCOCCC(=O)N(C)C LVYXPOCADCXMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 145
- -1 tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride Chemical class 0.000 description 111
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 79
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 39
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 27
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 20
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- QQGYZOYWNCKGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(OC=2C=C3C(=O)OC(C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 QQGYZOYWNCKGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- XUSNPFGLKGCWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCN1CCN(CCCN)CC1 XUSNPFGLKGCWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 208000013469 light sensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical compound C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- LUEYUHCBBXWTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2h-triazole Chemical compound C1=NNN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LUEYUHCBBXWTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 5
- DQOKNNHAZSNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOCC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C DQOKNNHAZSNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AZNUOOZUBQUQJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOCC(O)COC(=O)C=C AZNUOOZUBQUQJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UTDAGHZGKXPRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfonylphenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(N)=CC=3)=CC=2)C=C1 UTDAGHZGKXPRQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 Cc1c(C)cc(*c2ccc(C(*)(*)c(cc3)ccc3C3=CC3c3cc(C)c(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)cc(*c2ccc(C(*)(*)c(cc3)ccc3C3=CC3c3cc(C)c(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 0.000 description 4
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chalcone Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNQITGRHOWFLEA-LMWFVWJRSA-N [(1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,10S,12R,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl] acetate Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]4C WNQITGRHOWFLEA-LMWFVWJRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000005513 chalcones Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-chalcone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LHBQGXZUVXFJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxybut-3-en-2-one Chemical compound OCC(=O)C=C LHBQGXZUVXFJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1 XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WCXGOVYROJJXHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfonylphenoxy]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(OC=3C=C(N)C=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 WCXGOVYROJJXHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HHLMWQDRYZAENA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[2-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(C=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(N)=CC=3)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 HHLMWQDRYZAENA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VCUVETGKTILCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC=[N+]1[O-] VCUVETGKTILCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZNXJCRPOUAPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxypent-1-en-3-one Chemical compound OCCC(=O)C=C PZNXJCRPOUAPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WKDNYTOXBCRNPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bpda Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 WKDNYTOXBCRNPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indan-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)CCC2=C1 QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DRAVOWXCEBXPTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoguanine Chemical compound NC1=NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 DRAVOWXCEBXPTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- BMCVSUCDMJFKSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C BMCVSUCDMJFKSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOEWGPALVTUVKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCC(O)COC(=O)C=C JOEWGPALVTUVKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKNMIGJJXKBHJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminophenyl)-(4-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 YKNMIGJJXKBHJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPAYCDZDNQRYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclohexyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)COC1CCCCC1 XPAYCDZDNQRYKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RATULVGWMSFKQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclohexyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(O)COC1CCCCC1 RATULVGWMSFKQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGCQHMFVCNWSOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(N2CCOCC2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CGCQHMFVCNWSOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYXJKPCGSGVSBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris[(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C)=C1CN1C(=O)N(CC=2C(=C(O)C(=CC=2C)C(C)(C)C)C)C(=O)N(CC=2C(=C(O)C(=CC=2C)C(C)(C)C)C)C1=O XYXJKPCGSGVSBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-naphthoquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNNRTWIXUUGIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C=CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 ZNNRTWIXUUGIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWTSVUUPJIIXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JWTSVUUPJIIXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDKDCMQRAKMBPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethyltriazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=NN1C QDKDCMQRAKMBPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPZMWTNATZPBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyladenine Chemical compound CN1C=NC2=NC=NC2=C1N HPZMWTNATZPBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMAFFHIGWTVZOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyltetrazole Chemical compound CN1C=NN=N1 OMAFFHIGWTVZOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXAOOTNFFAQIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrosonaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N=O)C(O)=CC=C21 YXAOOTNFFAQIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWHDQPLUIFIFFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrabromocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C(Br)C1=O LWHDQPLUIFIFFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SFXPLYOSNTZJFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C=C(CC(C)C1)C(=O)C1=CC1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 SFXPLYOSNTZJFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMWRRFHBXARRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O ZMWRRFHBXARRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJPDDQSCZGTACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[n-(2-hydroxyethyl)anilino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJPDDQSCZGTACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWGATWIBSKHFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-anilinoethanol Chemical compound OCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 MWGATWIBSKHFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)O CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYUYTOYKQOAVDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrosonaphthalen-1-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C(N=O)C=CC2=C1 SYUYTOYKQOAVDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXIQYSLFEXIOAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1SC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=C1C HXIQYSLFEXIOAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFANXOISJYKQRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-[1-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butyl]-5-methylphenol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=C(C)C=1C(CCC)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=C1C PFANXOISJYKQRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPNYZBKIGXGYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-[(3-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CC)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(CC)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O GPNYZBKIGXGYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzotriazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUOVBFFLXKJFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC2=NNN=C21 GUOVBFFLXKJFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXJLFVRAWOOQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LXJLFVRAWOOQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDXGRHCEHPFUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)aniline Chemical group NC1=CC=CC(C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 NDXGRHCEHPFUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSPMTSAELLSLOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenyl)aniline Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 QSPMTSAELLSLOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMPZWXKBGSQATE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZMPZWXKBGSQATE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVOLDLWDCJIADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(triazol-1-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(N2N=NC=C2)=C1 AVOLDLWDCJIADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMQHDIHZSDEIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Acetyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1CCOC1=O OMQHDIHZSDEIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKOFBUUFHALZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(CC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 CKOFBUUFHALZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGWQCROGAHMWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(4-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 FGWQCROGAHMWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIOSIQSHOMBNDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[1-(3-aminophenoxy)-4-phenylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]oxyaniline Chemical group NC1=CC=CC(OC2(C=CC(=CC2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)OC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 HIOSIQSHOMBNDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCEZOHLWDIONSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[2-(3-aminopropoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCOCCOCCOCCCN JCEZOHLWDIONSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKKYOQYISDAQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(3-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=C(OC=3C=C(N)C=CC=3)C=CC=2)=C1 DKKYOQYISDAQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPHRTSFRLFDOHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[4-[3-aminopropyl(dimethyl)silyl]phenyl]-dimethylsilyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=C([Si](C)(C)CCCN)C=C1 FPHRTSFRLFDOHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HAHWYTLUKCIGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutyl 2-(diethylamino)benzoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC(C)C HAHWYTLUKCIGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXVXVOLXMVYIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutyl 2-(dimethylamino)benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N(C)C ARXVXVOLXMVYIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICNFHJVPAJKPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Thiodianiline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ICNFHJVPAJKPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUHOSAJLEIASKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diethyl-2h-triazole Chemical compound CCC=1N=NNC=1CC XUHOSAJLEIASKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VALUMXGSLBMNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-2h-triazole Chemical compound CC=1N=NNC=1C VALUMXGSLBMNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJCUYXYQMSNLTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2h-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1=NNN=C1 GJCUYXYQMSNLTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASNOFHCTUSIHOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[10-(4-aminophenyl)anthracen-9-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ASNOFHCTUSIHOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQOPDYYQICTYEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2O1 DQOPDYYQICTYEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUPRYUDHUFLKFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 WUPRYUDHUFLKFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOVVHULZWVFIOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(4-aminophenyl)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 BOVVHULZWVFIOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBSMHWVGUPQNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-aminophenyl)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)C=C1 QBSMHWVGUPQNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALFOPRUBEYLKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[2-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl]propan-2-yl]-2-methylphenoxy]aniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(OC=3C=CC(N)=CC=3)=CC=2)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ALFOPRUBEYLKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYDATEKARGDBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]phenoxy]aniline Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(N)=CC=3)=CC=2)C=C1 HYDATEKARGDBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVKGJHAQGWCWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C(F)(F)F NVKGJHAQGWCWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUWFAPDKIXEUPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]cyclopentylidene]methyl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C=C(CC1)CC1=CC1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 XUWFAPDKIXEUPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUFNEMCYFOJAGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzyl-2h-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CNN=N1 KUFNEMCYFOJAGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRZBHUBTUHPBDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-2h-triazole Chemical compound CCC=1C=NNN=1 SRZBHUBTUHPBDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWMAYLMVFSCMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethynyl-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical group CN(C)C1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 ZWMAYLMVFSCMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVSNQMFKEPBIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-triazole Chemical compound CC=1C=NNN=1 GVSNQMFKEPBIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTNFILZMBZUFDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1,2-dihydrotriazol-5-one Chemical compound N1N=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1O WTNFILZMBZUFDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZVVFVKJZNVSANF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]hexyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 ZVVFVKJZNVSANF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCBVKDKWKHQGRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CN=NN1CCN(C)C Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CN=NN1CCN(C)C QCBVKDKWKHQGRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKQLYSROISKDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N EEDQ Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(=O)OCC)C(OCC)C=CC2=C1 GKQLYSROISKDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CC RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypoxanthine Natural products O=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menadione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C)=CC(=O)C2=C1 MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVIAOQMSVZHOJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 BVIAOQMSVZHOJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(N=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMMPZDDLWLALLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thermophillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC1=O RMMPZDDLWLALLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXDCZERDHTYLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OCC(O)COC(=O)C=C KXDCZERDHTYLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGUYZCLKIAMWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-(2-ethenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=C KGUYZCLKIAMWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEQRECSQVSRXLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 7-(dimethylamino)-2-oxochromene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound O=C1OC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C2C=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NEQRECSQVSRXLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLSMCQSGRWNEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZLSMCQSGRWNEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDYQEILXDCDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(N)=CC=3)=CC=2)C=C1 LSDYQEILXDCDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYHBFRJRBHMIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 VYHBFRJRBHMIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TUKWPCXMNZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-nonylsulfanyl-4-oxo-1h-pyrimidine-6-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSC1=NC(=O)C=C(C(=O)OCC)N1 TUKWPCXMNZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSOLGAJLRIINNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxochromene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(N(CC)CC)C=C2OC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)=CC2=C1 MSOLGAJLRIINNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYCOCJMEYVYNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 7-(dimethylamino)-2-oxochromene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(N(C)C)C=C2OC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)=CC2=C1 AYCOCJMEYVYNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHDTXTDHBRADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-6-amine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=NCCCC1 ZHDTXTDHBRADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004464 hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KQPYUDDGWXQXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N juglone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O KQPYUDDGWXQXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CSFWPUWCSPOLJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawsone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)=CC(=O)C2=C1 CSFWPUWCSPOLJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXEXJHKRLWTKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxochromene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 LXEXJHKRLWTKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZSKMNCIAKKVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholin-4-yl-(2-nitrophenyl)methanone Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)N1CCOCC1 ZZSKMNCIAKKVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Nitrosodimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)N=O UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQNVIKXOOKXAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthazarin Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O RQNVIKXOOKXAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- VCMMXZQDRFWYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N plumbagin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C)=CC(=O)C2=C1O VCMMXZQDRFWYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QMYDVDBERNLWKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)CO QMYDVDBERNLWKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YAPQBXQYLJRXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N theobromine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C YAPQBXQYLJRXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQHJBNSCLWCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymoquinone Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC(=O)C(C)=CC1=O KEQHJBNSCLWCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyramine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIXPTCZPFCVOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ubiquinone-0 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C)=CC1=O UIXPTCZPFCVOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDOPFAXNNPAWQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-3-nitrosobenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(N=O)=C1C UDOPFAXNNPAWQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJZFGDYLJLCGHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(CC)C(CC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJZFGDYLJLCGHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNQNXQYZMPJLQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CN2C(N(CC=3C=C(C(O)=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N(CC=3C=C(C(O)=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)=O)=C1 VNQNXQYZMPJLQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSICDPWAPKXXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tritert-butyl-2-nitrosobenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(N=O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OSICDPWAPKXXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFKBXYGUSOXJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YFKBXYGUSOXJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJUOQSZSDIHZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCN1 BJUOQSZSDIHZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005561 1,4-benzoquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBMQNRKSAWNXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diaminoanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(N)=CC=C2N FBMQNRKSAWNXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJDRSWPQXHESDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobutane Chemical compound ClCCCCCl KJDRSWPQXHESDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1=O ZFPGARUNNKGOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KODLUXHSIZOKTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminobutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CN KODLUXHSIZOKTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZUBUFKZWBJASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpurin-6-amine Chemical compound C1=NC2=NC=NC2=C(N)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZUBUFKZWBJASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWKBVCFUBQHCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-7H-purin-6-imine Chemical compound CCn1cnc2nc[nH]c2c1=N OWKBVCFUBQHCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWLBRQVYXPMCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-nitrosobenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=O TWLBRQVYXPMCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SATCOUWSAZBIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyladenine Natural products N=C1N(C)C=NC2=C1NC=N2 SATCOUWSAZBIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCANAXVBJKNANM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-] YCANAXVBJKNANM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZMVSVHUTOAPTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrosoazepane Chemical compound O=NN1CCCCCC1 UZMVSVHUTOAPTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMEZKRMAPQIBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C[N+]([O-])=C1 YMEZKRMAPQIBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXBUYALKJGBACG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-methylphenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 QXBUYALKJGBACG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLYZTCYBSGPDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetramethylheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(O)=O MLYZTCYBSGPDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUQARRULARNYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1-oxido-3h-pyrrol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(C)(C)[N+]([O-])=C1 GUQARRULARNYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSPTUZZVVXTEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)N1 FSPTUZZVVXTEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUZNLSBZRVZGIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinol Chemical group CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1O VUZNLSBZRVZGIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKLYZOGJWVAIQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=O)C(F)=C(F)C1=O JKLYZOGJWVAIQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIJPZYXCIHZVGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(C)C(C)=C2 KIJPZYXCIHZVGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWQNFXDYOCUEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1C(C)(C)C QWQNFXDYOCUEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHXFOYLEDAOQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=O)C(C(C)(C)CC)=CC1=O DHXFOYLEDAOQRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYASVWWDLJXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-Butyl-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC1=O ZZYASVWWDLJXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNPAQJBQOIAPBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dibromocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound BrC1=CC(=O)C(Br)=CC1=O KNPAQJBQOIAPBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNXVNZRYYHFMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dichlorocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound ClC1=CC(=O)C(Cl)=CC1=O LNXVNZRYYHFMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYXHDJJYVDLECA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diphenylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QYXHDJJYVDLECA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCARTGJGWCGSSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=CC(=O)C=C(Cl)C1=O JCARTGJGWCGSSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLBNOBQOQZRLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone Chemical compound COC1=CC(=O)C=C(OC)C1=O OLBNOBQOQZRLMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SENUUPBBLQWHMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)C=C(C)C1=O SENUUPBBLQWHMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIVXNRNFFUUTLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)butanedial Chemical compound C(C)O[Si](CCCC(C=O)CC=O)(OCC)OCC XIVXNRNFFUUTLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLKSLYGRARRUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminocyclohexyl)ethanol Chemical compound NC1CCC(CCO)CC1 XLKSLYGRARRUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAQOTZQDXZDBJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)ethanol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2CCO VAQOTZQDXZDBJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFSMBOBIZVSDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(7h-purin-6-ylamino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCNC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 QFSMBOBIZVSDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQROEYPMNFCJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O AQROEYPMNFCJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGUMZJAQENFQKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanol Chemical compound OCCNC1CCCCC1 MGUMZJAQENFQKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKGYJVASTMCSHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C3SC2=C1 RKGYJVASTMCSHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJKWJHONFFKJHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound COC1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O ZJKWJHONFFKJHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCO WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIQFAJBKEHPUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCOCCOCCN NIQFAJBKEHPUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTAKOUPXIUWZIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCO GTAKOUPXIUWZIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFZOPNLVYZYSMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCN IFZOPNLVYZYSMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethylsulfanyl]ethyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCSCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTUYVMATMGIEIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2,3-bis(2-carboxyprop-2-enyl)phenyl]methyl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)CC1=CC=CC(CC(=C)C(O)=O)=C1CC(=C)C(O)=O QTUYVMATMGIEIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKZAOPKIOWTEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene]-3h-inden-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1 YCKZAOPKIOWTEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGYHBLSTEXSDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].OCCN(CCO)CCO.OCCN(CCO)CCO ZGYHBLSTEXSDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUCGVCVPNPBJIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-phenylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JUCGVCVPNPBJIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical group NC1=NC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=N1 GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJUHACUYECLPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-6-hydroxyaminopurine Chemical compound NC1=NC(NO)=C2NC=NC2=N1 UJUHACUYECLPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCAWYYAMQRJCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3h-purin-6-one Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N=CN2CCO OCAWYYAMQRJCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWGECJQACGGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=C2N(C)C=NC2=N1 FZWGECJQACGGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(N)CO JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQMCFTMVQORYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminocyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1O PQMCFTMVQORYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(N)CO BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJJPLEZQSCZCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)CO KJJPLEZQSCZCKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELQQGMYSDRBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)C(Br)=CC1=O GELQQGMYSDRBHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYEQXZOIQJWYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound BrC1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O PYEQXZOIQJWYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZGLJSYQXZIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3SC2=C1 KFZGLJSYQXZIGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIUBEGIHROOPTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)C(Cl)=CC1=O BIUBEGIHROOPTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DORYOOVLRDMOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid propan-2-olate titanium(4+) Chemical compound CC([O-])C.[Ti+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC([O-])C.CC([O-])C.CC([O-])C DORYOOVLRDMOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKOHCQAVIJDYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid;propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O KKOHCQAVIJDYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.CCC(CO)(CO)CO GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJEBAWHUJDUKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 SJEBAWHUJDUKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMHPUUIDINBWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC(SCC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 DMHPUUIDINBWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC(F)=NC2=C1N=CN2 WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEVADDDOVGMCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C IEVADDDOVGMCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXTZVMMNCCZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate 5-hydroxy-2-methylpent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OCCC=C(C(=O)O)C.C(C(=C)C)(=O)OCCO WNXTZVMMNCCZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPINLRNGSGGJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical class ON=C(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YPINLRNGSGGJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQZJOQXSCSZQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BQZJOQXSCSZQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLYKFPHPBCTAKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC(OC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 DLYKFPHPBCTAKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAODDBNJCKQQDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4,6-bis(octylsulfanylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(CSCCCCCCCC)=C1 GAODDBNJCKQQDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMADWRYCYBUIKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound CC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 SMADWRYCYBUIKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNOJPWLNAMAYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)CO.CC(C)CO.CC(C)CO.CC(C)CO SNOJPWLNAMAYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBVKBOLDEFIQDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfanyl-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC(SC)=CC=C3SC2=C1 OBVKBOLDEFIQDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYISVPVWAQRUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3SC2=C1 MYISVPVWAQRUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTHDBHDZSMGHKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperidin-2-ylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1CCCCN1 PTHDBHDZSMGHKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDSQQXKSEFZAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperidin-4-ylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1CCNCC1 LDSQQXKSEFZAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIXYTWTZMGUQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperidin-4-ylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCNCC1 IIXYTWTZMGUQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTALPKYXQZGAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C3SC2=C1 KTALPKYXQZGAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NCCTVAJNFXYWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O NCCTVAJNFXYWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIIGHSIIKVOWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NNN=C21 GIIGHSIIKVOWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOKYZJXQQKRSJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-diacetylheptane-2,4,6-trione;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(=O)CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O KOKYZJXQQKRSJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTFXNXQDQBCQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Br)=C(N=O)C(Br)=C1 NTFXNXQDQBCQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC([O-])=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLZDYNDUVLBNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(OC)[SiH2]CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C VLZDYNDUVLBNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRGXWTOLFOPIKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(methylamino)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CNCCCO KRGXWTOLFOPIKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCPWFOPXIDRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)NCCCO GZCPWFOPXIDRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 3-Octanol Natural products CCCCC[C@@H](O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQZOFDAHZVLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(OC=4C=C(N)C=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NQZOFDAHZVLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPXCORHXFPYJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[3-aminopropyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)CCCN GPXCORHXFPYJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRAAFZNZEZFTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[3-aminopropyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-diphenylsilyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCN)O[Si](CCCN)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRAAFZNZEZFTCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKYAJDOSWUATPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCS IKYAJDOSWUATPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKWYEBJNFREPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(phenylmethoxy)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OKWYEBJNFREPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYKMRINTJPZLQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-acetyl-7-(dimethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)=O)C(=O)OC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C21 MYKMRINTJPZLQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNVOFDGAASRDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound NCC(C)(C)CO FNVOFDGAASRDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound NCC(O)CO KQIGMPWTAHJUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- VJAVYPBHLPJLSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)CCCN VJAVYPBHLPJLSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004208 3-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O JIGUICYYOYEXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropylurea Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(N)=O LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WECDUOXQLAIPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline) Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C)C(N)=CC=2)=C1 WECDUOXQLAIPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRLSTWVLSWCGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-((4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC1=NC(SCCCCCCCC)=NC(NC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=N1 QRLSTWVLSWCGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROYBDYISOLNIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)aniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 ROYBDYISOLNIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNHBFOVJIPXNFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCC1CCC(O)CC1 FNHBFOVJIPXNFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODPLCKKBVAJQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazol-2-ylethenyl)-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC(S1)=NC2=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C21 ODPLCKKBVAJQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYIMZXITLDTULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-methylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C QYIMZXITLDTULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDBMKUGEVIQCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-aminophenyl)-2,3-dimethylaniline Chemical group C1=C(N)C(C)=C(C)C(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 BDBMKUGEVIQCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVMOMSLTZMMLJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethenyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 MVMOMSLTZMMLJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKFRNOZJSYWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BEKFRNOZJSYWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCRRFJIVUPSNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JCRRFJIVUPSNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQEHXKKHEIYTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[2-[4-[4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenoxy]-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(C=2C=CC(OC=3C(=CC(N)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 FQEHXKKHEIYTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAUNIEOSKKZOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzoyl]phenoxy]phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OC=3C=C(C(C(O)=O)=CC=3)C(O)=O)=CC=2)C=C1 GAUNIEOSKKZOPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIFDSGGWDIVQGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[9-(4-aminophenyl)fluoren-9-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 KIFDSGGWDIVQGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUAXLVGFFDFSAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(C)CCN DUAXLVGFFDFSAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGMGHALXLXKCBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1N QGMGHALXLXKCBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFRQYKZFKYQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCCCO BLFRQYKZFKYQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMLXLGZJLAOKJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminocyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound NC1CCC(O)CC1 IMLXLGZJLAOKJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQGCJQJIOARKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carboxy-TEMPO Chemical group CC1(C)CC(C(O)=O)CC(C)(C)N1[O] CYQGCJQJIOARKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZFMOKQJFYMBGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-TEMPO Chemical group CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1[O] UZFMOKQJFYMBGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFXHWRCRQNGVLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-TEMPO Chemical group COC1CC(C)(C)N([O])C(C)(C)C1 SFXHWRCRQNGVLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXKNNAKAVAHBNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitropyridine-n-oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=[N+]([O-])C=C1 RXKNNAKAVAHBNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSTCPNFNKICNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrosophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(N=O)C=C1 JSTCPNFNKICNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2H-benzotriazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2NN=NC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQKFQBTWXOGINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(O)CCNCC1 KQKFQBTWXOGINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XESZUVZBAMCAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylcatechol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 XESZUVZBAMCAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZWRYPGAUIOOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitroso-8-quinolinol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=C(N=O)C2=C1 RZWRYPGAUIOOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHVZREGCOXMZPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-imidazo[4,5-d]triazin-4-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NC2=C1NC=N2 QHVZREGCOXMZPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKOMXBHMKXXTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyladenine Chemical compound CNC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 CKOMXBHMKXXTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SANIRTQDABNCHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(diethylamino)-3-[7-(diethylamino)-2-oxochromene-3-carbonyl]chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=C(N(CC)CC)C=C2OC(=O)C(C(=O)C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=CC2=C1 SANIRTQDABNCHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFUVOLUPRFCPMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7h-purine-6,8-diamine Chemical compound C1=NC(N)=C2NC(N)=NC2=N1 PFUVOLUPRFCPMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYKDUPGBWLLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azaadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=NNN=C12 HRYKDUPGBWLLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPXQRXLUHJKZIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azaguanine Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=C2NN=NC2=N1 LPXQRXLUHJKZIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005508 8-azaguanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KVGVQTOQSNJTJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azaxanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NN=N2 KVGVQTOQSNJTJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFMQOHDPKOQCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-phenyl-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound N1C=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KFMQOHDPKOQCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRXCXOUDSPTXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methyladenine Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N(C)C=NC2=C1N WRXCXOUDSPTXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-purine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGDPLFGGSRICCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)ON=C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)C)C=1C=C2C=3C=C(C=CC=3N(C2=CC=1)CC)CC(CC1CCCC1)=O Chemical compound C(C)(=O)ON=C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)C)C=1C=C2C=3C=C(C=CC=3N(C2=CC=1)CC)CC(CC1CCCC1)=O GGDPLFGGSRICCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYWPWXPUANKSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)O[Si](CCCNC(C=1C(C(=O)N)=CC=CC=1)=O)(OCC)OCC Chemical compound C(C)O[Si](CCCNC(C=1C(C(=O)N)=CC=CC=1)=O)(OCC)OCC UYWPWXPUANKSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1CCCCC1N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O FCKYPQBAHLOOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001050985 Disco Species 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILKOAJGHVUCDIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=CC=C(N2C=CC=C2)C(F)=C1[Ti]C(C=1F)=C(F)C=CC=1N1C=CC=C1 Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(N2C=CC=C2)C(F)=C1[Ti]C(C=1F)=C(F)C=CC=1N1C=CC=C1 ILKOAJGHVUCDIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCTYHYDLMFYYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc1cccc(F)c1[Ti]c1c(F)cccc1F Chemical compound Fc1cccc(F)c1[Ti]c1c(F)cccc1F FCTYHYDLMFYYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Irganox 1098 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NCCCCCCNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWTWMJMLSKQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isonicotinic acid N-oxide Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=[N+]([O-])C=C1 QCWTWMJMLSKQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGUNAGUHMKGQNY-ZETCQYMHSA-N L-alpha-phenylglycine zwitterion Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZGUNAGUHMKGQNY-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQSMEZJWJJVYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NQSMEZJWJJVYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUSGACRLAFQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea Chemical compound CCN(N=O)C(N)=O FUSGACRLAFQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNYADZVDBIBLJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Nitrosopyrrolidine Chemical compound O=NN1CCCC1 WNYADZVDBIBLJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBNQDOYYEUMPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-nitrosodiethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)N=O WBNQDOYYEUMPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKXDGKXYMTYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-nitrosomorpholine Chemical compound O=NN1CCOCC1 ZKXDGKXYMTYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWSDONTXWQOZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-nitrosopiperidine Chemical compound O=NN1CCCCC1 UWSDONTXWQOZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FCHIUKVUOIOHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(O/N=C(\C(c(cc1)ccc1Sc1ccccc1)=O)/[Re])=O Chemical compound NC(O/N=C(\C(c(cc1)ccc1Sc1ccccc1)=O)/[Re])=O FCHIUKVUOIOHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YASPDNFWXAGPDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=CC=C(OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 YASPDNFWXAGPDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHYMLBVGNFVFBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Picolinic acid N-oxide Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=[N+]1[O-] FHYMLBVGNFVFBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triacetonamine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)N1 JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHZWMRRPQUILBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-7-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=NC=NN12 ZHZWMRRPQUILBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGRTZESQZZGAAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[3-[1-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-yl]-2-methylpropyl] 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(C)(C)C2OCC3(CO2)COC(OC3)C(C)(C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 CGRTZESQZZGAAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKQALBVIAWZTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)COC(C)(C)C LKQALBVIAWZTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQAXKRLKNVVHSS-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Ti+4].Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C.Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C.Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C.Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C Chemical compound [Ti+4].Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C.Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C.Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C.Cc1cc([O-])c(C)c(C)c1C XQAXKRLKNVVHSS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AXJNFINWUUSNRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[cyano-(4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino] octane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS(=O)(=O)ON=C(C#N)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 AXJNFINWUUSNRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008062 acetophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSOTZYUVGZKSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(=O)C=CC(=O)C3=CC2=C1 LSOTZYUVGZKSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJVHCUNZAMFQNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;n-hydroxy-n-phenylnitrous amide Chemical compound N.O=NN(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NJVHCUNZAMFQNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVSKZLHKADLHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzanilide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZVSKZLHKADLHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWMOJGXBIZGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.C1=CC=CC=C1 PWMOJGXBIZGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHMRXAIRPKSGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O LHMRXAIRPKSGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- PFYXSUNOLOJMDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) carbonate Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1OC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O PFYXSUNOLOJMDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTKOCRSQUPLVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(2+) Chemical compound CCCCO[Ti]OCCCC MTKOCRSQUPLVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VJVSVVKPKFFKQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.C1CCCCC1 VJVSVVKPKFFKQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VEQBIYPTDPEDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethyl(3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)silane Chemical compound COC(OC)[SiH2]CCCN1CCCCC1 VEQBIYPTDPEDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-pseudophenylpropanolamine Natural products CC(N)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAMKWBHYPYBEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N duroquinone Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(=O)C(C)=C(C)C1=O WAMKWBHYPYBEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- IWBOPFCKHIJFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl) ether Chemical compound NCCOCCOCCN IWBOPFCKHIJFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCOCCOCCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITNVWQNWHXEMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C ITNVWQNWHXEMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKLYDESVXZKCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenylacetamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DKLYDESVXZKCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YALAVAYMNJCEBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-chloro-3-formylpyridin-4-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=NC(Cl)=C1C=O YALAVAYMNJCEBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAOIEEWQVAXCFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 UAOIEEWQVAXCFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKTSCJXWLVREKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-methylnitrous amide Chemical compound CCCCN(C)N=O PKTSCJXWLVREKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSVFENCKYURWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GSVFENCKYURWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAHPIMYBWVSMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hydroxy-n-phenylnitrous amide Chemical compound O=NN(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DAHPIMYBWVSMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMTGCJANOQOGPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMTGCJANOQOGPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- NLRKCXQQSUWLCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosobenzene Chemical compound O=NC1=CC=CC=C1 NLRKCXQQSUWLCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZAUOCCYDRDERY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxamyl Chemical compound CNC(=O)ON=C(SC)C(=O)N(C)C KZAUOCCYDRDERY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJCFFCXMEXZEIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiniacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([O-])=C1 FJCFFCXMEXZEIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIJHFHYPXWSVPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-Nitrosodiphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC(N=O)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 OIJHFHYPXWSVPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940083251 peripheral vasodilators purine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002990 phenothiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-APPZFPTMSA-N phenylpropanolamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000395 phenylpropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIWOSRSKDCZIFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-3-ol Chemical compound OC1CCCNC1 BIWOSRSKDCZIFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDOWRFHMPULYOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-4-ol Chemical compound OC1CCNCC1 HDOWRFHMPULYOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVVNJUAVDAZWCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N prolinol Chemical compound OCC1CCCN1 HVVNJUAVDAZWCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound CCCO[Ti](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine N-oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]1=CC=CC=C1 ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JHHZLHWJQPUNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-3-ol Chemical compound OC1CCNC1 JHHZLHWJQPUNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PWQLFIKTGRINFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCC(O)CC1 PWQLFIKTGRINFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LZPBKINTWROMEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene-5,12-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C3=CC2=C1 LZPBKINTWROMEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(=O)C(O)=C(O)C1=O DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004559 theobromine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003732 tyramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0388—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable with ethylenic or acetylenic bands in the side chains of the photopolymer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0387—Polyamides or polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polycondensates with side or terminal unsaturations
- C08F299/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polycondensates with side or terminal unsaturations the unsaturation being in acrylic or methacrylic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/1025—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines polymerised by radiations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/1028—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
- C08G73/1032—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous characterised by the solvent(s) used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
- C08G73/1071—Wholly aromatic polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
- C08G73/126—Unsaturated polyimide precursors the unsaturated precursors being wholly aromatic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/029—Inorganic compounds; Onium compounds; Organic compounds having hetero atoms other than oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
- H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
- H05K3/0023—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by exposure and development of a photosensitive insulating layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0755—Non-macromolecular compounds containing Si-O, Si-C or Si-N bonds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02118—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer carbon based polymeric organic or inorganic material, e.g. polyimides, poly cyclobutene or PVC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02282—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques, spray coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/18—High density interconnect [HDI] connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/19—Manufacturing methods of high density interconnect preforms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/293—Organic, e.g. plastic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/5329—Insulating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/18—High density interconnect [HDI] connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/19—Manufacturing methods of high density interconnect preforms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
- H05K2201/0154—Polyimide
Definitions
- the present invention provides, for example, an insulating material for electronic components, a negative photosensitive resin composition used for forming a relief pattern such as a passivation film, a buffer coat film, and an interlayer insulating film in a semiconductor device, and a method for producing a polyimide using the negative photosensitive resin composition. , A method for manufacturing a cured relief pattern, and a semiconductor device.
- a polyimide resin having excellent heat resistance, electrical properties, and mechanical properties has been used as an insulating material for electronic components, a passivation film, a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, and the like of a semiconductor device.
- these polyimide resins those provided in the form of a photosensitive polyimide precursor composition can easily form a heat-resistant relief pattern film by applying, exposing, developing, and thermally imidizing the composition. Can be formed.
- Such a photosensitive polyimide precursor composition has a feature that a process can be significantly shortened as compared with a conventional non-photosensitive polyimide material.
- semiconductor devices (hereinafter, also referred to as "elements”) are mounted on a printed circuit board in various ways according to the purpose.
- Conventional elements have generally been manufactured by a wire bonding method in which a thin wire is used to connect an external terminal (pad) of the element to a lead frame.
- the difference in the wiring length of each terminal in mounting has come to affect the operation of the element. Therefore, in mounting elements for high-end applications, it is necessary to accurately control the length of the mounting wiring, and it is difficult to meet this requirement by wire bonding.
- a flip chip mounting method has been proposed in which a rewiring layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor chip, bumps (electrodes) are formed on the bumps (electrodes), and then the chip is flipped over and mounted directly on a printed circuit board. .. Since this flip chip mounting can accurately control the wiring distance, it is used in high-end applications that handle high-speed signals, or in mobile phones due to its small mounting size, and demand is rapidly expanding. .. More recently, a wafer that has been pre-processed is diced to produce individual chips, the individual chips are reconstructed on a support, sealed with a mold resin, the support is peeled off, and then a rewiring layer is formed.
- a semiconductor chip mounting technique called a fan-out wafer level package has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the fan-out wafer level package has the advantages of being able to reduce the height of the package, as well as high-speed transmission and cost reduction.
- polyimide resins polybenzoxazole resins, phenol resins, etc.
- insulating materials for electronic components, passivation films, surface protective films, interlayer insulating films, etc. of semiconductor devices. It is used.
- those provided in the form of a photosensitive resin composition easily form a heat-resistant relief pattern film by applying, exposing, developing, and thermally imidizing the composition by curing. be able to.
- Such a photosensitive resin composition has a feature that a process can be significantly shortened as compared with a conventional non-photosensitive material.
- semiconductor devices (hereinafter, also referred to as "elements") are mounted on a printed circuit board in various ways according to the purpose.
- Conventional elements have generally been manufactured by a wire bonding method in which a thin wire is used to connect an external terminal (pad) of the element to a lead frame.
- the difference in the wiring length of each terminal in the mounting has come to affect the operation of the element. Therefore, in mounting elements for high-end applications, it is necessary to accurately control the length of the mounting wiring, and it is difficult to meet this requirement by wire bonding.
- a flip chip mounting method has been proposed in which a rewiring layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor chip, bumps (electrodes) are formed on the bumps (electrodes), and then the chip is turned over and mounted directly on a printed circuit board (for example, a patent).
- Reference 2 Since this flip-chip mounting can accurately control the wiring distance, it is used for high-end applications that handle high-speed signals, or for mobile phones and the like due to its small mounting size, and demand is rapidly expanding.
- a material such as polyimide, polybenzoxazole, or phenol resin is used for flip-chip mounting, a metal wiring layer forming step is performed after the pattern of the resin layer is formed.
- the surface of the resin layer is plasma-etched to roughen the surface, and then a metal layer to be a seed layer for plating is formed by sputtering with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, and then the metal layer is used as an electrode. It is formed by electrolytic plating.
- titanium (Ti) is generally used as the metal to be the seed layer
- copper (Cu) is used as the metal of the rewiring layer formed by electroplating.
- a chip encapsulant larger than the chip size of the semiconductor chip is formed by covering the semiconductor chip with a sealing material (resin layer). Further, a rewiring layer extending to the area of the semiconductor chip and the encapsulant is formed. The rewiring layer is formed with a thin film thickness. Further, since the rewiring layer can be formed up to the area of the sealing material, the number of external connection terminals can be increased. Such a metal rewiring layer is required to have high adhesion between the metal layer rewired after the reliability test and the resin layer.
- the temperature at which the rewiring layer is heat-cured is lower.
- a reliability test for example, a high-temperature storage test in which the product is stored in air at a high temperature of 125 ° C. or higher for 100 hours or longer; High-temperature operation test to confirm the operation under storage; a temperature cycle in which a low-temperature state of about -65 ° C to -40 ° C and a high-temperature state of about 125 ° C to 150 ° C are cycled back and forth in air.
- High-temperature and high-humidity storage test in which the product is stored at a temperature of 85 ° C or higher and in a water vapor atmosphere of 85% or higher in humidity; Bias test; and a solder reflow test in which a solder reflow furnace at 260 ° C. is passed a plurality of times in air or in nitrogen can be mentioned.
- the present invention is a negative photosensitive resin composition that exhibits good resolution even if the focus depth is deviated, has good adhesiveness to a mold resin, and exhibits a low dielectric constant, the photosensitive resin composition. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a polyimide using a material, a method for producing a cured relief pattern, and a semiconductor device having the cured relief pattern.
- the metal rewiring layer is required to have chemical resistance, and the demand for miniaturization is increasing. Therefore, in particular, the photosensitive resin composition used for forming the rewiring layer of a semiconductor is required to suppress the generation of voids and to exhibit high chemical resistance and resolution.
- the present invention has been devised in view of such conventional circumstances, has high chemical resistance and resolution, and comes into contact with the resin layer of the Cu layer after a high temperature storage test.
- One of the objects is to provide a negative type photosensitive resin composition (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “photosensitive resin composition” in the present specification) capable of suppressing the generation of voids at an interface.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a cured relief pattern using the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition containing (A) a polyimide precursor having an unsaturated double bond in the side chain and (B) a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime structure.
- the IR spectrum (absorption peak value near 1380 cm -1 ) / (absorption peak value near 1500 cm -1 ) when the above (A) was heat-cured at 230 ° C. was 0.1 to 0.56.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition wherein the amount of radicals generated when the 100 ⁇ M dimethyl sulfoxide solution of (B) is irradiated with 100 mJ / cm 2 is 3.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M.
- the negative-type photosensitive resin composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the amount of radicals generated is 5.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M.
- the polyimide precursor having an unsaturated double bond in the side chain (A) has the following general formula (A1): [In the formula, X is a tetravalent organic group, Y is a divalent organic group, and R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, the following general formula (R1): ⁇ (In the general formula (R1), R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and p is an integer selected from 2 to 10. It is a monovalent organic group represented by.) Or a saturated aliphatic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, both R 1 and R 2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time. ⁇ .
- Y is the following general formula (Y1):
- Rz represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4
- A is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom independently.
- B is the following formula: It is one of them.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to [7] which comprises the structure represented by).
- Y is the following formula: Or the following formula:
- X in the general formula (A1) is the following general formula (X1):
- Ry represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4
- C represents a single bond, an ester bond, an oxygen atom, and the like.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfur atoms, and D is a single bond, or the following formula: It is one of them.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [7] to [14], wherein the proportion derived from R1 and R2 is 60 to 80%.
- Y is the following general formula (Y1): (In the formula, Rz represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom, a represents an integer of 0 to 4, A is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and B is the following formula: It is one of them. )], And the (A) polyimide precursor containing the structure represented by A negative photosensitive resin composition comprising (B) a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime structure and (C) a solvent.
- the negative type photosensitive according to any one of [16] to [18], wherein the amount of radicals generated when the 100 ⁇ M dimethyl sulfoxide solution of (B) is irradiated with 100 mJ / cm 2 is 3.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M.
- Resin composition [20]
- X is the following general formula (X1):
- Ry represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4
- C represents a single bond, an ester bond, an oxygen atom, and the like.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfur atoms, and D is a single bond, or the following formula: It is one of them.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition containing (B) a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime structure and (C) a solvent.
- C is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- D is the following formula: The negative type photosensitive resin composition according to [20], which is one of the above.
- the X is the following formula: Or the following formula: The negative photosensitive resin composition according to [20] or [21], which is the structure represented.
- the IR spectrum (absorption peak value near 1380 cm -1 ) / (absorption peak value near 1500 cm -1 ) when the above (A) was heat-cured at 230 ° C.
- the photopolymerization initiator having the (B) oxime structure is The following general formula (B): (In the formula, Ra represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, Rb represents an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Rc represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Rd represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the solvent (C) is ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate, N, N-dimethylacetoacetamide, ⁇ -caprolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-2.
- [6] to [24] which is at least one selected from the group consisting of imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, and N-dimethylpropanamide.
- the solvent (C) is ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate, N, N-dimethylacetoacetamide, ⁇ -caprolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-2.
- [6] to [25] which is at least two selected from the group consisting of imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, and N-dimethylpropanamide.
- a method for producing a polyimide which comprises curing the negative photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [1] to [27].
- [30] A semiconductor device having a cured relief pattern obtained by the manufacturing method according to [29].
- the weight loss rate of the cured film when heated at 350 ° C. is 0.5 to 3.0%, and the proportion of the weight loss component derived from R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (A1) is A cured film that is 60-80%.
- the imide group concentration of the polyimide in the cured film is 12.0% to 25.0%.
- the cured film according to [31], wherein the (absorption peak value near 1380 cm -1 ) / (absorption peak value near 1500 cm -1 ) of the IR spectrum is 0.3 to 0.54.
- the imide group concentration of the polyimide in the cured film is 12.0% to 25.0%.
- At least a curing step of forming a film containing the polyimide precursor into a polyimide is provided.
- the curing step is a method for producing a polyimide cured film, which comprises a heating step at 150 to 250 ° C.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by combining a specific polyimide precursor, a silane coupling agent having a specific structure, and a specific organic solvent, and complete the present invention. I arrived. That is, the present invention is as follows. [1] The following ingredients: (A) Polyimide precursor; (B) Photopolymerization initiator; (C) The following general formula (1): ⁇ In the formula, a is an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 6, R 21 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms independently, and R 22 is a hydroxyl group or 1 carbon group.
- R 20 is at least one selected from the group consisting of substituents including an epoxy group, a phenylamino group, a ureido group, and an isocyanate group.
- the organic solvent (D) contains at least two selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate, and ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the negative type photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [1] to [4].
- the polyimide precursor of (A) has the following general formula (2): ⁇ In the formula, X 1 is a tetravalent organic group, Y 1 is a divalent organic group, n 1 is an integer from 2 to 150, and R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen.
- R 1 and R 2 It is an atomic or monovalent organic group, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group.
- at least one of R 1 and R 2 is the following general formula (3): ⁇ In the formula, L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are independently hydrogen atoms or organic groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10.
- X 1 is the following general formula (20a): The negative type photosensitive resin composition according to [6] or [7], which has a structure represented by. [9] In the general formula (2), X 1 is the following general formula (20b): The negative type photosensitive resin composition according to [6] or [7], which has a structure represented by. [10] In the general formula (2), X 1 is the following general formula (20c): The negative type photosensitive resin composition according to [6] or [7], which has a structure represented by. [11] In the general formula (2), Y 1 is the following general formula (21b): The negative type photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [6] to [10], which comprises the structure represented by.
- Y 1 is the following general formula (21c): ⁇ In the formula, R 6 is a monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer selected from 0 to 4. ⁇
- the negative type photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [6] to [10], which comprises the structure represented by.
- the polyimide precursor of (A) has the following general formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150.
- the polyimide precursor of (A) has the following general formula (5): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150.
- the polyimide precursor of (A) has the following general formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150.
- the polyimide precursor of (A) has the following general formula (6): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150.
- a method for producing polyimide which comprises a step of converting the negative photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [1] to [18] into polyimide.
- [20] The following steps: (1) A step of applying the negative photosensitive resin composition according to any one of [1] to [18] onto a substrate to form a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate; (2) A step of exposing the photosensitive resin layer; (3) A step of developing the photosensitive resin layer after exposure to form a relief pattern; (4) A step of heat-treating the relief pattern to form a cured relief pattern; A method for manufacturing a cured relief pattern, including.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition which exhibits good resolution even if the focus depth is deviated, has good adhesiveness to a mold resin, and exhibits a low dielectric constant, said photosensitive. It is possible to provide a method for producing a polyimide using a resin composition, a method for producing a cured relief pattern, and a semiconductor device having the cured relief pattern.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition which can obtain high chemical resistance and resolution and suppress the generation of voids at the interface of the Cu layer in contact with the resin layer after a high temperature storage test and A method for producing a polyimide can be provided, and a method for forming a cured relief pattern using the negative photosensitive resin composition can be provided.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment contains (A) a polyimide precursor having a specific structure, (B) a photopolymerization initiator having a specific structure, and (C) a solvent. Further, the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably further contains (D) a polymerization inhibitor in addition to the above components. According to such a photosensitive resin composition, it is possible to obtain a cured relief pattern which has good focus margin and resolution, good adhesiveness to a mold resin, and exhibits a low dielectric constant.
- the (A) polyimide precursor according to the present embodiment will be described.
- By using such a polyimide precursor it is possible to obtain a negative photosensitive resin composition having good resolution, excellent adhesiveness to a mold resin, and exhibiting a low dielectric constant.
- the measurement conditions of the IR spectrum are carried out by the method described in Examples described later, and the peak value is set to the peak value having the largest peak value within the range of ⁇ 10 cm -1 of each wave number.
- 0.54 or less is more preferable, and 0.50 or less is particularly preferable.
- 0.2 or more is preferable, and 0.3 or more is more preferable.
- the (A) polyimide precursor according to the present embodiment has the following general formula (A1).
- X is a tetravalent organic group
- Y is a divalent organic group
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms
- the following general formula (R1): ⁇ (In the general formula (R1), R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- p is an integer selected from 2 to 10. It is a monovalent organic group represented by.) Or a saturated aliphatic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- both R 1 and R 2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.
- ⁇ Is preferably included.
- Y is not limited as long as it is a divalent organic group, but it is preferably an organic group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably containing an aromatic ring having 18 to 60 carbon atoms, and the following general formula (Y1). ): (In the formula, Rz represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom, and a represents an integer of 0 to 4. A is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom independently. Yes, B is the following formula: It is one of them.
- Rz represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom, and a represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- A is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom independently. ) Is more preferable.
- Y preferably has a structure represented by the general formula (Y1), and from the viewpoint of focus margin and adhesiveness to the mold resin, it is preferably any of the following structures.
- the general formula (Y1) may include the following structure.
- A is a methyl group (-CH 3 ), an ethyl group (-C 2 H 5 ), a propyl group (-C 3 H 7 ), or a butyl group (-C 4 H 9 ).
- ⁇ Can include the structure represented by each of them.
- R 3 in the general formula (R1) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 4 and R 5 are preferably hydrogen atoms, respectively, from the viewpoint of photosensitive characteristics.
- p is preferably an integer of 2 or more and 10 or less, and more preferably an integer of 2 or more and 4 or less.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X is preferably an organic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and more preferably one of -COOR 1 group and -CONH- group.
- -COOR 1 group and -CONH- group are either tetravalent aromatic groups or alicyclic aliphatic groups that are attached to the same aromatic ring and both are in ortho positions with each other.
- the aromatic ring to which one -COOR group is bonded and the aromatic ring to which two -COOR groups are bonded may be the same aromatic ring or different aromatic rings. ..
- the aromatic ring in this context is preferably a benzene ring.
- n an integer of 5 or more and 20 or less.
- ⁇ The structure represented by each of the above can be mentioned, but the structure is not limited to these. Further, the structure of X may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X in the above general formula (A1) has the following structure: Or the following structure: Is particularly preferable.
- the polyimide precursor has such a structure, the heat resistance and the photosensitivity of the negative photosensitive resin composition are improved, and the focus margin and the chemical resistance are improved in the obtained cured relief pattern. Can be done.
- the (A) polyimide precursor is in the above general formula (Y1), and X is the following general formula (X1):
- Ry represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may independently contain a halogen atom
- a represents an integer of 0 to 4
- C represents a single bond, an ester bond, an oxygen atom, and the like.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfur atoms, and D is a single bond, or the following formula: It is one of them. )]] Is more preferable.
- C is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- D is the following formula: It is more preferably one of them.
- X is the following structure: Including Y is the following structure: Is most preferable to include.
- Y which is a skeleton component derived from diamine
- Y1 a structure represented by the general formula (Y1) as described above, that is, a structure in which four phenyl rings are bonded. Therefore, it is possible to realize a low dielectric loss tangent (Df) of the obtained cured relief pattern.
- the dielectric loss tangent (Df) is preferably less than 0.009, more preferably less than 0.0085, and even more preferably less than 0.008 at 10 GHz.
- the ester-bonded polyimide precursor first comprises, for example, a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having a desired tetravalent organic group X and alcohols having a photopolymerizable group (for example, an unsaturated double bond).
- the reaction is carried out to prepare a partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid (hereinafter, also referred to as an acid / ester).
- an acid / ester partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid
- Saturated aliphatic alcohols may be optionally used in combination with the alcohols having a photopolymerizable group.
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides having a tetravalent organic group X which are preferably used for preparing an ester-bonded polyimide precursor, include, for example, phthalic anhydride and diphenyl ether-3,3.
- Examples of alcohols having a photopolymerizable group which are preferably used for preparing an ester-bonded polyimide precursor in the present invention, include 2-acryloyloxyethyl alcohol and 1-acryloyloxy-3-propyl alcohol. , 2-acrylamide ethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2- Hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyloxypropyl acrylate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol, 1-methacryloyloxy-3-propyl alcohol, 2- Methacrylamide ethyl alcohol, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3
- saturated fatty alcohols that can be optionally used together with the alcohols having a photopolymerizable group
- saturated aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferable. Specific examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol and the like.
- the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride suitable for the present invention and the above-mentioned alcohols are preferably mixed in the presence of a basic catalyst such as pyridine, preferably in a suitable reaction solvent at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C. for 4 to 10.
- a basic catalyst such as pyridine
- a suitable reaction solvent at a temperature of 20 to 50 ° C. for 4 to 10.
- reaction solvent those in which the raw material tetracarboxylic dianhydride and alcohols and the acid / ester product as a product are completely dissolved are preferable. More preferably, it is also a solvent that completely dissolves the polyimide precursor, which is an amide polycondensation product of the acid / ester and diamine.
- the polyimide precursor which is an amide polycondensation product of the acid / ester and diamine.
- ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and the like
- esters include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl oxalate and the like;
- lactones for example, ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like
- ethers include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran
- halogenated hydrocarbons include dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and the like
- hydrocarbons for example, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. Each can be listed. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, if necessary.
- Preparation of polyimide precursor An appropriate dehydration condensing agent is added to and mixed with the acid / ester compound (typically in a solution state dissolved in the reaction solvent), preferably under ice-cooling, to obtain the acid / ester compound as a polyacid anhydride. And. Next, a diamine having a divalent organic group Y, which is preferably used in the present invention, is separately dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and the mixture is added dropwise to the diamine, and both are amide polycondensed to obtain the desired polyimide precursor. Can be obtained. Diaminosiloxanes may be used in combination with the diamines having a divalent organic group Y.
- dehydration condensing agent examples include dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 1,1-carbonyldioxy-di-1,2,3-benzotriazole, N, N. '-Discusin imidyl carbonate and the like can be mentioned. As described above, an intermediate polyacid anhydride is obtained.
- examples of the diamines having a divalent organic group Y preferably used for the reaction with the polyacid anhydride obtained as described above include 2,2-bis ⁇ 4- (4-amino). Phenoxy) phenyl ⁇ propane, 2,2-bis ⁇ 4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl ⁇ hexafluoropropane, bis ⁇ 4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl ⁇ sulfone, bis ⁇ 4- (3-aminophenoxy) Phenyl ⁇ sulfone, bis ⁇ 4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl ⁇ ketone, 2,2-bis [4- ⁇ 4-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy ⁇ phenyl] hexafluoropropane, and the like can be mentioned.
- diamines can be used as long as they do not have an adverse effect.
- the diaminosiloxanes have the above divalent value in the preparation of (A) photosensitive polyimide precursor for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the coating film formed from the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention and various substrates. It is used in combination with diamines containing an organic group Y. Specific examples of such diaminosiloxanes include 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) tetraphenyldisiloxane, and the like. it can.
- the water-absorbing by-product of the dehydration condensate coexisting in the reaction solution is filtered out as necessary, and then a poor solvent suitable for the solution containing the polymer component, for example, water, is used.
- An aliphatic lower alcohol, a mixed solution thereof, etc. is added to precipitate the polymer component, and if necessary, the polymer is purified by repeating operations such as redissolution and reprecipitation, and then vacuum-dried. By doing so, the target polyimide precursor is isolated.
- a solution of this polymer may be passed through a column filled with anions and / or cation exchange resins swollen with a suitable organic solvent to remove ionic impurities.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ester-bonded polyimide precursor is preferably 1,000 or more as a polystyrene-equivalent value by gel permeation chromatography from the viewpoint of heat resistance and mechanical properties of the film obtained after heat treatment. More preferably, it is 5,000 or more. The upper limit is preferably 100,000 or less. From the viewpoint of solubility in a developing solution, the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 50,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (A) polyimide precursor is more preferably 15,000 to 38,000. Tetrahydrofuran or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is recommended as the developing solvent for gel permeation chromatography.
- the molecular weight is obtained from a calibration curve prepared using standard monodisperse polystyrene.
- standard monodisperse polystyrene it is recommended to select from Showa Denko's organic solvent-based standard sample STANDARD SM-105.
- the photopolymerization initiator (B) has a radical generation amount of 3.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M when a 100 ⁇ M solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is irradiated with a UV lamp having a wavelength of 365 nm at 100 mJ / cm 2. is there.
- the amount of radicals generated according to this embodiment can be calculated by the method described in Examples described later.
- the photopolymerization initiator (B) according to the present embodiment is not limited as long as the amount of radicals generated is 3.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M. Within this range, there is no deterioration of the mold resin, and the adhesion between the mold resin and the cured relief pattern is excellent. From the viewpoint of focus margin, 5.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M is preferable, 8.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M is more preferable, and 10.0 to 30.0 ⁇ M is further preferable.
- the present embodiment is a negative photosensitive resin composition containing a polyimide precursor having an unsaturated double bond in the side chain and a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime structure, and a radical generated from the initiator. , The double bond of the side chain reacts to develop developability, and then it is converted to polyimide by thermosetting.
- the conversion to polyimide tends not to be completed at a low temperature such as 230 ° C., and a part of the side chain remains, so that the epoxy group of the mold resin is one. It is presumed that the adhesion is improved because a reaction such as transesterification is formed with the hydroxyl group generated by the partial ring opening. In particular, when it is 5 ⁇ M or more, the reaction of the double bond of the side chain occurs sufficiently, so that the adhesion is improved.
- the photopolymerization initiator whose radical generation amount can fall within the above range can be achieved by appropriately selecting the structure of the compound.
- the photopolymerization initiator generally absorbs irradiated light (wavelength 365 nm in this embodiment), and after being excited, the compound itself is cleaved to generate radicals, or from other molecules.
- the amount of light absorption at 365 nm is increased by increasing the molar extinction coefficient at 365 nm, and the amount of radical generation is adjusted to be large. can do.
- the chemical structure include a method of shifting the absorption maximum to the long wavelength side and increasing the molar extinction coefficient by forming a structure containing a heteroatom, and it is particularly effective to use a heterocyclic compound containing a heteroatom. Is.
- the amount of light absorption at 365 nm can be reduced and the amount of radicals generated can be adjusted to be small by lowering the molar extinction coefficient at 365 nm.
- the chemical structure it is effective to remove substituents containing heteroatoms contained in the chemical structure.
- the photopolymerization initiator (B) preferably has an oxime structure and further contains a heteroatom, and specifically, the following general formula (B) or general formula (B1) can be used. It is more preferable to include the structure represented.
- Ra represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- Rb represents an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Rc represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- Rd represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Rg represents an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a plurality of Rg may form a ring.
- Re represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Rf represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Ra is not limited as long as it is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, but from the viewpoint of heat resistance, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, and the like. A propyl group is more preferred.
- Rb is not limited as long as it is an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, but from the viewpoint of resolution, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and a monovalent organic group derived from a heterocyclic compound having 5 to 20 carbon atoms are used. preferable.
- Rc is not limited as long as it is an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a monovalent organic group containing a saturated alicyclic structure having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable from the viewpoint of resolution.
- Rd is not limited as long as it is an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group are more preferable.
- Re is not limited as long as it is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Among these, it is preferable to contain a saturated hydrocarbon group from the viewpoint of chemical resistance.
- Rf is not limited as long as it is an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Among them, from the viewpoint of resolution, an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group are more preferable.
- an epoxy resin or the like is generally used as the mold resin, and a part of the epoxy portion of the epoxy resin remains in the form of a ring-opened hydroxyl group.
- the (A) polyimide precursor according to the present embodiment has two or more oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, and by containing the (B) photopolymerization initiator having the above structure, the radical of the photopolymerization initiator It is considered that the nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms remaining after the generation improve the adhesiveness between the hydroxyl groups remaining in the mold resin and the polyimide resin.
- the solvent (C) according to the present embodiment is a solvent capable of uniformly dissolving or suspending the (A) polyimide precursor and (B) photopolymerization initiator according to the present embodiment. Not limited. As such solvents, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl oxalate, dimethyl malonate, N, N-dimethylacetamide, ⁇ -caprolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-2- Imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone , N, N-dimethylacetamide, etc.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate, N, N-dimethylacetoacetamide, ⁇ -caprolactone, 1, It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, preferably ⁇ .
- -Butyrolactone and dimethyl sulfoxide are particularly preferable. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent is, for example, in the range of 30 to 1500 parts by mass, preferably 100 to 1,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor, depending on the desired coating film thickness and viscosity of the photosensitive resin composition. It can be used in the range of parts by mass.
- the solvent contains an alcohol having no olefin-based double bond
- the content of the alcohol having no olefin-based double bond in the total solvent is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably. It is preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the storage stability of the photosensitive resin composition becomes good, and when it is 50% by mass or less, the (A) polyimide precursor is dissolved. The sex becomes good.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition can obtain good resolution regardless of the underlying substrate.
- the polymerization inhibitor according to the present embodiment include compounds containing aromatic hydroxyl groups, nitroso compounds, N-oxide compounds, quinone compounds, N-oxyl compounds, and phenothiazine compounds.
- Examples of the compound containing an aromatic hydroxyl group include 4-methoxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, and pentaerythritol tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-).
- nitroso compounds include nitrosobenzene, 2-nitrosotoluene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl-3-nitrosobenzene, 4-nitrosophenol, 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, 2-nitroso-1-naphthol, 4-nitroso-diphenylamine, 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonic acid, N-nitrosopyrrolidin, Nt-butyl-N-nitrosoaniline, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, 1-nitrosopiperidin , 4-nitrosomorpholin, N-nitroso-N-methylbutylamine, N-nitroso-N-ethylurea, N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine, N-nitrosophenylhydroxyamine first cerium salt and N-nitrosophenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt, Examples thereof include 2,4,6-Tris-t-butyl-nitroso
- N-oxide compounds include phenyl-t-butylnitron, 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolin-N-oxide, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolin N-oxide, and 4-methylmorpholine.
- Examples thereof include N-oxide, pyridine N-oxide, 4-nitropyridine N-oxide, 3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide, picolinic acid N-oxide, nicotinic acid N-oxide, and isonicotinic acid N-oxide.
- quinone compound examples include p-benzoquinone, p-xyloxinone, p-torquinone, 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone, 2, 5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-di-tert-1,4-benzoquinone, thymoquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylbenzoquinone, 2-bromo-1,4-benzoquinone , 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-bromo-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone , Tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone, tetrabromo
- N-oxyl compounds include 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin 1-oxyl, 4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin1-oxyl, 4-amino-2,2,6. , 6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl, 4-carboxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl, 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl, 4- Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin 1-oxyl, 4-methacryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin1-oxyl, piperidine1-oxyl free radical, 4-oxo-2, 2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin 1-oxyl free radical, 4-acetamide-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin 1-oxyl free radical, 4-maleimide-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl Piperidine 1-oxyl free radical, 4-phosphonoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin 1-oxyl,
- phenothiazine compound examples include phenothiazine, 10-methylphenothiazine, 2-methylthiophenothiazine, 2-chlorophenothiazine, 2-ethylthiophenothiazine, 2- (trifluoromethyl) phenothiazine, and 2-methoxyphenothiazine.
- a compound containing an aromatic hydroxyl group and a nitroso compound are preferable, and a compound containing an aromatic hydroxyl group is particularly preferable.
- a compound containing an aromatic hydroxyl group 4-methoxyphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol are preferable, and 4-methoxyphenol is particularly preferable.
- the total content of the (B) photopolymerization initiator and (D) polymerization inhibitor is 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor component. It is preferably 20 parts by mass.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention may further contain components other than the above components (A) to (D).
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention typically contains a liquid photosensitive resin composition obtained by dissolving each of the above components and any component further used as needed in a solvent (C) to form a varnish. Used as a thing. Therefore, as (E) other components, for example, a resin other than the above (A) photosensitive polyimide precursor, a sensitizer, a cross-linking agent, a monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond, an adhesion aid, an azole compound, and a hinder Dophenol compounds and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the cross-linking agent include any compound having a plurality of functional groups in the molecule.
- examples of the functional group include an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an epoxy group, a methylol group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a maleimide group and the like.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment may further contain a resin component other than the above-mentioned (A) polyimide precursor.
- a resin component other than the above-mentioned (A) polyimide precursor examples include polyimide, polyoxazole, polyoxazole precursor, phenol resin, polyamide, epoxy resin, siloxane resin, acrylic resin and the like.
- the blending amount of these resin components is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor.
- a sensitizer can be optionally added to the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment in order to improve the photosensitivity.
- the sensitizer include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 2,5-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentane, and 2,6-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal).
- the blending amount is 0.1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. Is preferable.
- a monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond can be optionally blended in order to improve the resolution of the relief pattern.
- a (meth) acrylic compound that undergoes a radical polymerization reaction with a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- Mono or di (meth) acrylates of ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol including, but not limited to, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol mono or di (meth) acrylate; Mono, di or tri (meth) acrylate of glycerol; Cyclohexanedi (meth) acrylate; Diacrylate and dimethacrylate of 1,4-butanediol, di (meth) acrylate of 1,6-hexanediol;
- Neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate Bisphenol A mono or di (meth) acrylate; Benzene trimethacrylate; Isobornyl (meth) acrylate; Acrylamide and its derivatives; Methacrylamide and its derivatives; Trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate; Di or tri (meth) acrylate of glycerol; Pentaerythritol di, tri, or tetra (meth) acrylate; In addition, compounds such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adduct of these compounds can be mentioned.
- the blending amount when the above-mentioned monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond is contained is set.
- an adhesive auxiliary agent is optionally added to the photosensitive resin composition.
- the adhesion aid include ⁇ -aminopropyldimethoxysilane, N- ( ⁇ -aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and the like.
- the blending amount is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor.
- an azole compound is optionally blended in order to suppress discoloration of the copper surface.
- the azole compound include 1H-triazole, 5-methyl-1H-triazole, 5-ethyl-1H-triazole, 4,5-dimethyl-1H-triazole, 5-phenyl-1H-triazole, 4-t-butyl-.
- 5-Phenyl-1H-triazole 5-hydroxyphenyl-1H-triazole, phenyltriazole, p-ethoxyphenyltriazole, 5-phenyl-1- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) triazole, 5-benzyl-1H-triazole, hydroxy Phenyltriazole, 1,5-dimethyltriazole, 4,5-diethyl-1H-triazole, 1H-benzotriazole, 2- (5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- [2-hydroxy-3,5 -Bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] -benzotriazole, 2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3-t-butyl-5-methyl- 2-Hydroxyphenyl) -benzotriazole, 2- (3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazo
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. From the viewpoint of light sensitivity characteristics, 0.5 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the film (photosensitive resin layer) made of the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment is made of copper. Alternatively, when formed on a copper alloy, discoloration of the copper or copper alloy surface is suppressed, while when the amount is 10 parts by mass or less, the excellent photosensitivity of the negative photosensitive resin composition is maintained.
- a hindered phenol compound can be optionally blended in place of or together with the azole compound.
- the hindered phenol compound include 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,5-di-t-butyl-hydroquinone, and octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl).
- 1,3,5-Tris [4-triethylmethyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl] -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 1 , 3,5-Tris (3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 1,3 , 5-Tris (4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,5,6-trimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 1 , 3,5-Tris (4-t-butyl-5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) -Trione, 1,3,5-tris (4-t-butyl-6-ethyl-3-
- 1,3,5-tris (4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) ) -Trione and the like are particularly preferable.
- the blending amount of the hindered phenol compound is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, and 0.5 to 10 parts by mass from the viewpoint of light sensitivity characteristics with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. Is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the hindered phenol compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor is 0.1 parts by mass or more, for example, when the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is formed on copper or a copper alloy. In addition, discoloration and corrosion of copper or copper alloy are prevented, while when the amount is 20 parts by mass or less, the excellent photosensitivity of the negative photosensitive resin composition is maintained.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment has a weight loss rate of 0.5 to 3.0% when a cured film cured at 230 ° C. for 2 hours is heated at 350 ° C. preferable.
- the weight loss rate was measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the weight reduction rate By setting the weight reduction rate to 0.5% or more, the encapsulant deterioration test tends to be good. 0.6% or more is preferable, and 0.7% or more is more preferable.
- the weight reduction rate By setting the weight reduction rate to 3.0% or less, the adhesiveness of the sealing material tends to be improved. It is preferably 2.9% or less, and more preferably 2.8% or less.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment has R1 and R2 in the general formula (A1) among the weight-reducing components when a cured film cured at 230 ° C. for 2 hours is heated at 350 ° C.
- the proportion derived from is preferably 60 to 80%. When it is 60% or more, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent of the cured film tend to be good. 62% or more is more preferable, and 65% or more is particularly preferable. When it is 80% or less, the developability tends to be good. 78% or less is more preferable, and 75% or less is particularly preferable.
- the cured film is obtained by curing the polyimide precursor represented by the following general formula (A1), and the weight loss rate of the cured film when heated at 350 ° C. is 0.5 to It is possible to provide a cured film having a weight reduction component of 3.0% and having a ratio of 60 to 80% derived from R1 and R2 in the following general formula (A1) in the weight reducing component.
- X is a tetravalent organic group
- Y is a divalent organic group
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom
- the following general formula (R1): ⁇ (In the general formula (R1), R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and p is an integer selected from 2 to 10. It is a monovalent organic group represented by.) Or a saturated aliphatic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, both R 1 and R 2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.
- ⁇ By setting the weight reduction rate to 0.5% or more, the encapsulant deterioration test tends to be good. 0.6% or more is preferable, and 0.7% or more is more preferable.
- the adhesiveness of the sealing material tends to be improved. It is preferably 2.9% or less, and more preferably 2.8% or less.
- the ratio derived from R1 and R2 in the general formula (A1) is 60 to 80%.
- the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent of the cured film tend to be good. 62% or more is more preferable, and 65% or more is particularly preferable.
- the developability tends to be good. 78% or less is more preferable, and 75% or less is particularly preferable.
- 0.54 or less is more preferable, and 0.5 or less is particularly preferable.
- 0.3 or more is preferable, and 0.35 or more is more preferable.
- the cured film preferably has a dielectric loss tangent at 10 GHz of 0.001 to 0.009. Within this range, signal delay and the like tend to decrease when a package such as AiP is used.
- the cured film is obtained by curing a polyimide precursor containing a structure represented by the following general formula (A1), and the imide group concentration of the polyimide in the cured film is 12.0%. It is possible to provide a cured film having a weight loss rate of about 25.0% and a weight loss rate of the cured film when heated at 350 ° C. of 0.5 to 3.0%.
- X is a tetravalent organic group
- Y is a divalent organic group
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom
- the following general formula (R1): ⁇ In the general formula (R1), R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently hydrogen atoms or organic groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and p is an integer selected from 2 to 10.
- the imide group concentration is the ratio of the imide group to the repeating unit of the polyimide cured film according to the present embodiment.
- the imide group concentration is 12% or more, the adhesion between the mold resin and the cured relief pattern tends to be good. 12.5% or more is more preferable, and 13.5% or more is particularly preferable.
- the imide group concentration is 25.0% or less, the dielectric loss tangent of the obtained polyimide cured film tends to be good. 24.0% or less is more preferable, 23.0% or less is further preferable, and 21.0% or less is particularly preferable.
- the sealing material deterioration test tends to be good. 0.6% or more is preferable, and 0.7% or more is more preferable.
- the weight reduction rate is preferably 2.9% or less, and more preferably 2.8% or less.
- 0.54 or less is more preferable, and 0.5 or less is particularly preferable, from the viewpoint of developing a low dielectric loss tangent.
- 0.3 or more is preferable, and 0.35 or more is more preferable.
- the cured film has a dielectric loss tangent of 0.001 to 0.009 at 10 GHz. Within this range, signal delay and the like tend to decrease when a package such as AiP is used.
- the cured film preferably has a solid component ratio other than polyimide in the cured film of 30% or less.
- solid components other than polyimide include crosslinkable monomers and polymerized components of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Within this range, low dielectric loss tangent can be achieved. Further, from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the sealant, the ratio of solid components other than polyimide is more preferably 27% or less.
- the amount of the compound having a hydroxyl group and having a molecular weight of 200 or less in the cured film is 1000 ppm or less.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group and having a molecular weight of 200 or less include a monomer, a polymerized component of HEMA, and the like. Within this range, it is possible to reduce the polarity of the film and make it low dielectric loss tangent. Further, from the viewpoint of further reducing the dielectric loss tangent, the ratio of the compound having a hydroxyl group and having a molecular weight of 200 or less is more preferably 500 ppm or less.
- Such a method for producing a cured film of the present embodiment includes at least a coating step of forming a composition containing a photosensitive polyimide precursor into a film and a curing step of forming a film containing the polyimide precursor into a polyimide.
- the curing step includes a heating step at 150 to 250 ° C.
- the imide group concentration of the polyimide in the cured film is 12.0% to 25.0%.
- the weight loss rate of the cured film when heated at 350 ° C. is 0.5 to 3.0%.
- the ratio of solid components other than polyimide in the cured film is preferably 30% or less.
- the component derived from the photosensitive group of the polyimide precursor in the cured film is 1000 ppm or less.
- the component derived from the photosensitive group of the polyimide precursor is, for example, a compound having a hydroxyl group and having a molecular weight of 200 or less.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing polyimide.
- the method for producing polyimide in the present invention includes curing the above-mentioned negative photosensitive resin composition.
- the structure of the polyimide formed from the negative photosensitive resin composition is represented by the following general formula (2).
- X 1 and Y 1 are the same as X and Y in the general formula (A1).
- the preferable X and Y in the general formula (A1) are also preferable in the polyimide of the general formula (2) for the same reason.
- the number of repeating units m is not particularly limited, but may be an integer of 2 to 150.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a cured relief pattern.
- the method for producing a cured relief pattern in the present invention is, for example, the following steps: (1) A coating step of applying the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention described above onto a substrate to form a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate. (2) An exposure step for exposing the photosensitive resin layer and (3) A developing step of developing the photosensitive resin layer after the exposure to form a relief pattern, and (4) The relief pattern is heat-treated to form a cured relief pattern, which is followed by a heating step in the order described above.
- typical embodiments of each step will be described.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is coated on a substrate, and if necessary, dried thereafter to form a photosensitive resin layer.
- the substrate is a metal substrate made of, for example, silicon, aluminum, copper, a copper alloy, or the like; Resin substrates such as epoxy, polyimide, polybenzoxazole; A substrate on which a metal circuit is formed on the resin substrate; A plurality of metals, or a substrate in which a metal and a resin are laminated in multiple layers can be used.
- a coating method a method conventionally used for coating a photosensitive resin composition, for example, a method of coating with a spin coater, a bar coater, a blade coater, a curtain coater, a screen printing machine, or the like, or spray coating with a spray coater.
- a method or the like can be used.
- the photosensitive resin composition film can be dried.
- the drying method methods such as air drying, heat drying using an oven or a hot plate, and vacuum drying are used. Further, it is desirable that the coating film is dried under conditions that do not cause imidization of the (A) polyimide precursor (polyamic acid ester) in the photosensitive resin composition. Specifically, when air-drying or heat-drying is performed, drying can be performed at 20 ° C. to 140 ° C. for 1 minute to 1 hour. As described above, the photosensitive resin layer can be formed on the substrate.
- Exposure step In this step, the photosensitive resin layer formed above is exposed.
- the exposure device for example, an exposure device such as a contact aligner, a mirror projection, or a stepper is used. The exposure can be done through a photomask or reticle with a pattern, or directly.
- the light beam used for exposure is, for example, an ultraviolet light source or the like.
- post-exposure bake (PEB) and / or pre-development bake at any combination of temperature and time may be applied, if necessary, for the purpose of improving light sensitivity and the like.
- the range of the baking conditions is preferably 40 to 120 ° C. and 10 to 240 seconds, but is limited to this range as long as it does not impair various properties of the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment. Absent.
- development step In this step, the unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer after exposure is developed and removed.
- a developing method for developing the photosensitive resin layer after exposure a conventionally known developing method for a photoresist can be selected and used. For example, a rotary spray method, a paddle method, a dipping method accompanied by ultrasonic treatment, and the like.
- post-development baking may be performed at an arbitrary combination of temperature and time, if necessary, for the purpose of adjusting the shape of the relief pattern.
- the temperature of the bake after development can be, for example, 80 to 130 ° C.
- the time can be, for example, 0.5 to 10 minutes.
- a good solvent for the photosensitive resin composition or a combination of the good solvent and a poor solvent is preferable.
- a good solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like are preferable and poor.
- the solvent toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, water and the like are preferable.
- a good solvent and a poor solvent are mixed and used, it is preferable to adjust the ratio of the poor solvent to the good solvent according to the solubility of the polymer in the negative photosensitive resin composition.
- two or more kinds of each solvent for example, several kinds can be used in combination.
- the relief pattern obtained by the above development is heated to dilute the photosensitive component, and (A) the polyimide precursor is imidized and converted into a cured relief pattern made of polyimide. ..
- various methods such as a hot plate method, an oven method, and a temperature rise type oven in which a temperature program can be set can be selected.
- the heating can be performed, for example, at 160 ° C. to 400 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours. Air may be used as the atmospheric gas during heat curing, or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon may be used.
- the cured relief pattern can be manufactured.
- the present invention also provides a semiconductor device having a cured relief pattern obtained by the method for producing a cured relief pattern of the present invention described above.
- the above-mentioned semiconductor device can be, for example, a semiconductor device having a base material which is a semiconductor element and a cured relief pattern formed on the base material by the above-mentioned cured relief pattern manufacturing method.
- the semiconductor device can be manufactured, for example, by using a semiconductor element as a base material and including the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a cured relief pattern as a part of a process.
- a semiconductor having a cured relief pattern formed by the above cured relief pattern manufacturing method for example, a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, an insulating film for rewiring, a protective film for a flip chip device, or a bump structure. It can be manufactured by forming it as a protective film or the like of the device and combining it with a known manufacturing method of a semiconductor device.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is applied to semiconductor devices as described above, and is also used for interlayer insulation of multilayer circuits, cover coats for flexible copper-clad plates, solder resist films, liquid crystal alignment films, and the like. It is useful.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to this embodiment has the following components: (A) Polyimide precursor; (B) Photopolymerization initiator; (C) Silane coupling agent having a specific structure; and (D) Specific organic solvent; including.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition contains 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor and 0.1 to 20 parts by mass of (A) polyimide precursor based on 100 parts by mass. It is preferable to contain (B) a photopolymerization initiator and (C) a silane coupling agent having a specific structure of (C) 0.1 to 20 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor.
- the (A) polyimide precursor in the present embodiment is a resin component contained in a negative photosensitive resin composition, and is converted into polyimide by subjecting it to a heat cyclization treatment.
- the polyimide precursor has the following general formula (2): ⁇ In the formula, X 1 is a tetravalent organic group, Y 1 is a divalent organic group, n 1 is an integer from 2 to 150, and R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen. It is an atomic or monovalent organic group. ⁇ It is preferable that the polyamide has a structural unit represented by.
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 is preferably the following general formula (3): ⁇ In the formula, L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are independently hydrogen atoms or organic groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10. ⁇ It is a monovalent organic group represented by.
- N 1 in the general formula (2) is not limited as long as it is an integer of 2 to 150, but an integer of 3 to 100 is preferable from the viewpoint of the photosensitive characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the negative photosensitive resin composition, and 5 to 70. An integer of is more preferred.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X 1 is preferably an organic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive characteristics, and more preferably.
- the -COOR 1 group, the -COOR 2 group and the -CONH- group are aromatic groups or alicyclic aliphatic groups in which they are ortho-positioned with each other.
- R 6 is a monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Is an integer chosen from 0 to 2, m is an integer chosen from 0 to 3, and n is an integer chosen from 0 to 4. ⁇ , But the group is not limited thereto. Further, the structure of X 1 may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds. X 1 group having the structure represented by the above formula (20) is preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both the heat resistance and the photosensitive characteristics.
- the X 1 group has the following formulas (20A), (20B), or (20C):
- the structure represented by is more preferable from the viewpoint of chemical resistance, resolution, and void suppression after the high temperature storage test, and the following formulas (20a), (20b) or (20c):
- the structure represented by is particularly preferable.
- the divalent organic group represented by Y 1 is preferably an aromatic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive characteristics, for example.
- the structure represented by is mentioned, but is not limited to these. Further, the structure of Y 1 may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- One Y group having a structure represented by the above formula (21) is preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive characteristics.
- the Y 1 group has the following formulas (21A), (21B) or (21C):
- the structure represented by is preferable from the viewpoint of chemical resistance, resolution, and void suppression after the high temperature storage test, and the following formula (21b) or (21c):
- the structure represented by is particularly preferable.
- L 1 in the general formula (3) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and L 2 and L 3 are preferably hydrogen atoms from the viewpoint of photosensitive characteristics. Further, m 1 is an integer of 2 or more and 10 or less, preferably an integer of 2 or more and 4 or less from the viewpoint of photosensitive characteristics.
- the (A) polyimide precursor is represented by the following general formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150. ⁇ It is preferably a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by. In the general formula (4), at least one of R 1 and R 2 is more preferably a monovalent organic group represented by the general formula (3). When the polyimide precursor (A) contains the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (4), the effect of resolution is particularly high.
- the (A) polyimide precursor is based on the following general formula (5): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150. ⁇ It is preferably a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by. In the general formula (5), at least one of R 1 and R 2 is more preferably a monovalent organic group represented by the general formula (3). Since the polyimide precursor (A) contains the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (5) in addition to the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (4), the effect of resolution is particularly high. Become.
- the (A) polyimide precursor simultaneously contains the structural units represented by the above general formulas (4) and (5), or is represented by the above general formulas (4) and (5).
- a copolymer of structural units is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of chemical resistance, resolution, and void suppression after a high temperature storage test.
- R 1 , R 2 , and n 1 in one of the formulas are respectively.
- R 1 , R 2 , and n 1 in the other equation may be the same or different.
- the (A) polyimide precursor is based on the following general formula (6): ⁇ In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups, at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a monovalent organic group, and n 1 is 2. It is an integer of ⁇ 150. ⁇ It is preferably a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by. In the general formula (6), at least one of R 1 and R 2 is more preferably a monovalent organic group represented by the general formula (3). When the polyimide precursor (A) contains the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (6), the effect of chemical resistance is particularly high.
- A Method for preparing a polyimide precursor
- the polyimide precursor is first photopolymerizable unsaturated with a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing a tetravalent organic group X 1 in the above general formula (2). After reacting alcohols having a double bond and alcohols having no unsaturated double bond to prepare a partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid (hereinafter, also referred to as an acid / ester form). , And diamines containing the divalent organic group Y 1 in the above general formula (2) are amide polycondensed.
- the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing the tetravalent organic group X 1 preferably used for preparing the (A) polyimide precursor has the structure represented by the above general formula (20).
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having, for example, pyromellitic anhydride, diphenyl ether-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, benzophenone-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic Acid dianhydride, biphenyl-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, diphenylsulfone-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, diphenylmethane-3,3' , 4,4'-Tetracarboxylic hydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-phthalic anhydride) propane, 2,2-bis (3,4-phthalic anhydride) -1,1,1, 3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane and the like, preferably pyromellitic anhydride, diphenyl ether-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride biphenyl-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride can be mentioned, but is not limited thereto. In addition, these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of alcohols having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond which are preferably used for preparing the (A) polyimide precursor, include 2-acryloyloxyethyl alcohol and 1-acryloyloxy. -3-propyl alcohol, 2-acrylamide ethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy Propyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyloxypropyl acrylate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol, 1-methacryloyloxy-3- Propyl alcohol, 2-methacrylamide ethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl acrylate,
- the alcohols having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond include, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol.
- Neopentyl alcohol 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 1-nonanol, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl Alcohols having no unsaturated double bond such as ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and benzyl alcohol can also be partially mixed and used.
- a non-photosensitive polyimide precursor prepared only with alcohols having no unsaturated double bond may be mixed with the photosensitive polyimide precursor and used.
- the amount of the non-photosensitive polyimide precursor is preferably 200 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the photosensitive polyimide precursor.
- a suitable dehydration condensing agent for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinolin, is added to the acid / ester compound (typically a solution in a solvent described later) under ice-cooling.
- 1,1-carbonyldioxy-di-1,2,3-benzotriazole, N, N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate, etc. are added and mixed to make an acid / ester compound into a polyacid anhydride, which is then mixed.
- a diamine containing a divalent organic group Y 1 preferably used in the present embodiment is separately dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and the mixture is added dropwise and amide polycondensed to obtain the desired polyimide precursor.
- the acid / ester compound is acid-chlorided with thionyl chloride or the like, and then reacted with a diamine compound in the presence of a base such as pyridine to obtain the desired polyimide precursor. be able to.
- Examples of the diamines containing the divalent organic group Y 1 preferably used in the present embodiment include diamines having the structure represented by the above general formula (21), for example, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and the like.
- Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-dimethyl-4 , 4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-dimethitoxy-4,4'-diamino Examples include, but are not limited to, biphenyl, 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, and mixtures thereof.
- the water-absorbing by-products of the dehydration condensate coexisting in the reaction solution are filtered out as necessary, and then a poor solvent such as water, an aliphatic lower alcohol, or a mixture thereof is added.
- a poor solvent such as water, an aliphatic lower alcohol, or a mixture thereof is added.
- the polymer component is added to the obtained polymer component, the polymer component is precipitated, and the polymer is purified and vacuum dried by repeating the redissolving and reprecipitation precipitation operations to obtain the desired polyimide precursor. Isolate.
- a solution of this polymer may be passed through a column filled with anions and / or cation exchange resins swollen with an appropriate organic solvent to remove ionic impurities.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor (A) is preferably 8,000 to 150,000, preferably 9,000 to 50,000, as measured by the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography. Is more preferable. When the weight average molecular weight is 8,000 or more, the mechanical properties are good, and when it is 150,000 or less, the dispersibility in the developing solution is good, and the resolution performance of the relief pattern is good. Tetrahydrofuran and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are recommended as developing solvents for gel permeation chromatography.
- the weight average molecular weight is obtained from a calibration curve prepared using standard monodisperse polystyrene. As the standard monodisperse polystyrene, it is recommended to select from Showa Denko's organic solvent-based standard sample STANDARD SM-105.
- the photopolymerization initiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator, and is a benzophenone derivative such as benzophenone, methyl o-benzoyl benzoate, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenylketone, dibenzylketone, fluorenone, 2, Acetophenone derivatives such as 2'-diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, thioxanthone derivatives such as thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone, benzyl, Benzyl derivatives such as benzyl dimethyl ketal and benzyl- ⁇ -methoxyethyl acetal, benzoin derivative
- benzophenone derivative such as benzophenone, methyl o-benzoyl benzoate, 4-benzoyl-4
- the blending amount of the (B) photopolymerization initiator in the negative photosensitive resin composition is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. It is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less.
- the blending amount is 0.1 part by mass or more from the viewpoint of light sensitivity or patterning property, and 20 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of the physical properties of the photosensitive resin layer after curing of the negative type photosensitive resin composition.
- the silane coupling agent having a specific structure according to the present embodiment has a structure represented by the following general formula (1). ⁇ In the formula, a is an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 6, R 21 is an independently alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 22 is a hydroxyl group or 1 carbon group. It is an alkyl group of ⁇ 4, and R 20 is at least one selected from the group consisting of substituents including an epoxy group, a phenylamino group, and a ureido group.
- a is not limited as long as it is an integer of 1 to 3, but 2 or 3 is preferable, and 3 is more preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the metal rewiring layer.
- n is not limited as long as it is an integer of 1 to 6, but is preferably 1 or more and 4 or less from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the metal rewiring layer. From the viewpoint of developability, 2 or more and 5 or less are preferable.
- R 21 is not limited as long as it is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 22 is not limited as long as it is a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 20 is not limited as long as it is a substituent containing an epoxy group, a phenylamino group, a ureido group, and an isocyanate group.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of a substituent containing a phenylamino group and a substituent containing a ureido group is preferable from the viewpoint of developability and adhesiveness of the metal rewiring layer.
- Substituents containing a phenylamino group are more preferred.
- the silane coupling agent containing an epoxy group include 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-glycyl.
- Examples thereof include sidoxylpropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane.
- Examples of the silane coupling agent containing a phenylamino group include N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- Examples of the silane coupling agent containing a ureido group 3-ureidopropyltrialkoxysilane can be exemplified.
- silane coupling agent containing an isocyanate group 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane can be exemplified. ..
- Organic solvent having a specific structure comprises ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate, and ⁇ -caprolactone. It is not limited as long as it contains at least one selected from the group. By containing the above organic solvent, the adhesion to the encapsulant can be sufficiently exhibited.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate, and ⁇ -caprolactone are preferable from the viewpoint of (A) solubility of the polyimide precursor, and from the viewpoint of suppressing copper surface voids, from the above group. More preferably, it contains at least two selected organic solvents.
- organic solvent having a specific structure according to the present embodiment has good adhesion to the encapsulant.
- an amide-based solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, or N, N-dimethylformamide has been used. ..
- these solvents have extremely high dissolving ability of the polyimide precursor, when the heat curing temperature required in recent years is low (for example, less than 200 ° C.), they have high affinity with the polyimide to be produced, so that they are contained in the film. Tends to remain in large quantities.
- the performance is deteriorated due to the interaction with the silane coupling agent having the specific structure (C) described above.
- the solvent remaining on the film after heat curing can be sufficiently reduced, so that the adhesion to the encapsulant is good. There is a tendency.
- the amount of the organic solvent used is preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass, and more preferably 120 to 700 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. Parts, more preferably in the range of 125 to 500 parts by mass.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment may further contain components other than the above components (A) to (D).
- a base generator is a compound that generates a base when heated. By containing the thermal base generator, the imidization of the photosensitive resin composition can be further promoted.
- thermobase generator is not particularly specified, and examples thereof include amine compounds protected by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, thermobase generators disclosed in International Publication No. 2017/0385898, and the like. ..
- present invention is not limited to these, and other known thermobase generators can be used.
- Amine compounds protected by the tert-butoxycarbonyl group include ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol, 2 -Amino-1-butanol, 1-amino-2-butanol, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 4-amino-2-methyl-1-butanol, barinol, 3-amino-1,2 -Propanediol, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, tyramine, norephedrine, 2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-aminocyclohexanol, 4-aminocyclohexanol, 4-amino Cyclohexaneethanol, 4- (2-aminoethyl) cyclohexanol, N-methylethanolamine,
- the amount of the (E) thermal base generator to be blended is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. It is as follows.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more from the viewpoint of the imidization promoting effect, and preferably 20 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of the physical characteristics of the photosensitive resin layer after curing of the negative photosensitive resin composition. ..
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment may further contain components other than the above components (A) to (E).
- the components other than the components (A) to (E) are not limited, but include nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, hindered phenol compounds, organic titanium compounds, sensitizers, photopolymerizable unsaturated monomers, and thermal polymerization inhibitors. Can be mentioned.
- Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound may be optionally contained. Specific examples thereof include azole compounds and purine derivatives.
- Examples of the azole compound include 1H-triazole, 5-methyl-1H-triazole, 5-ethyl-1H-triazole, 4,5-dimethyl-1H-triazole, 5-phenyl-1H-triazole, and 4-t-butyl-5.
- triltriazole 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole
- 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Particularly preferred are triltriazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, and 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole.
- these azole compounds may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more.
- purine derivative examples include purine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthin, xanthin, theobromine, caffeine, uric acid, isoguanine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 9-methyladenine, 2-hydroxyadenine, 2-methyladenine, 1-Methyladenine, N-methyladenine, N, N-dimethyladenine, 2-fluoroadenine, 9- (2-hydroxyethyl) adenine, guanine oxime, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) adenine, 8-aminoadenine, 6-Amino-8-phenyl-9H-purine, 1-ethyladenine, 6-ethylaminopurine, 1-benzyladenine, N-methylguanine, 7- (2-hydroxyethyl) guanine, N- (3-chlorophenyl) Examples thereof include guanine, N- (3-ethylphenyl) guanine, 2-
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor, and the light sensitivity. From the viewpoint of characteristics, 0.5 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the azole compound (A) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor is 0.1 parts by mass or more, when the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment is formed on copper or a copper alloy, Discoloration of the surface of copper or copper alloy is suppressed, while when the amount is 20 parts by mass or less, the light sensitivity is excellent.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain a hindered phenol compound.
- Hindered phenol compounds include 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,5-di-t-butyl-hydroquinone, and octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4).
- 1,3,5-tris (4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) ) -Trione and the like are particularly preferable.
- the blending amount of the hindered phenol compound is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, and 0.5 to 10 parts by mass from the viewpoint of light sensitivity characteristics with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. Is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the hindered phenol compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor is 0.1 parts by mass or more, the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment is formed on, for example, copper or a copper alloy. In some cases, discoloration and corrosion of copper or copper alloy are prevented, while when the amount is 20 parts by mass or less, the light sensitivity is excellent.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment may contain an organic titanium compound.
- an organic titanium compound By containing the organic titanium compound, a photosensitive resin layer having excellent chemical resistance can be formed even when cured at a low temperature.
- Examples of the organic titanium compound that can be used include those in which an organic chemical substance is bonded to a titanium atom via a covalent bond or an ionic bond.
- Specific examples of the organic titanium compound are shown in I) to VII) below:
- I) Titanium chelate compound Among them, a titanium chelate having two or more alkoxy groups is more preferable because the storage stability of the negative photosensitive resin composition and a good pattern can be obtained.
- Specific examples are titanium bis (triethanolamine) diisopropoxyside, titanium di (n-butoxide) bis (2,4-pentanionate, titanium diisopropoxyside bis (2,4-pentanionate)).
- Titanium diisopropoxyside bis tetramethylheptandionate
- titanium diisopropoxyside bis ethylacetacetate
- Titanium Alkoxytitanium Compounds For example, Titanium Tetra (n-Butoxide), Titanium Tetraethoxide, Titanium Tetra (2-ethylhexoxide), Titanium Tetraisobutoxide, Titanium Tetraisopropoxyside, Titanium Tetramethoxide. , Titanium Tetramethoxypropoxyside, Titanium Tetramethylphenoxide, Titanium Tetra (n-Noniloxide), Titanium Tetra (n-Propoxide), Titanium Tetrasteeryloxyside, Titanium Tetrakiss [Bis ⁇ 2,2- (Aryloxymethyl) Butokiside ⁇ ] etc.
- Titanosen compounds for example, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trimethoxide, bis ( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) titanium, bis ( ⁇ 5-2, 2). 4-Cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (1H-pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl) titanium and the like.
- Monoalkoxytitanium compounds For example, titanium tris (dioctyl phosphate) isopropoxyside, titanium tris (dodecylbenzene sulfonate) isopropoxide, and the like.
- Titanium oxide compound For example, titanium oxide bis (pentanionate), titanium oxide bis (tetramethylheptaneate), phthalocyanine titanium oxide and the like.
- Titanate coupling agent For example, isopropyltridodecylbenzenesulfonyl titanate and the like.
- the organic titanium compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned I) titanium chelate compound, II) tetraalkoxytitanium compound, and III) titanosen compound, which exhibits better chemical resistance.
- titanium diisopropoxyside bis (ethylacetacetate), titanium tetra (n-butoxide), and bis ( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluoro-3) are preferable.
- -(1H-pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl) titanium is particularly preferred.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor.
- the blending amount is 0.05 parts by mass or more, good heat resistance and chemical resistance are exhibited, while when it is 10 parts by mass or less, the storage stability is excellent.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment may optionally contain a sensitizer in order to improve the photosensitivity.
- a sensitizer examples include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 2,5-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentane, and 2,6-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal).
- the blending amount may be 0.1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor. preferable.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain a monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond in order to improve the resolution of the relief pattern.
- a monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond in order to improve the resolution of the relief pattern.
- a (meth) acrylic compound that undergoes a radical polymerization reaction with a photopolymerization initiator is preferable, and is not particularly limited to the following, but ethylene glycol or polyethylene such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
- the blending amount of the monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond is ( A) It is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment is thermally polymerized in order to improve the stability of the viscosity and photosensitivity of the negative photosensitive resin composition especially when stored in a solution containing a solvent.
- a banning agent may be optionally contained.
- thermal polymerization inhibitor examples include hydroquinone, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, p-tert-butylcatechol, phenothiazine, N-phenylnaphthylamine, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid, glycol etherdiamine tetraacetic acid, and 2 , 6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 5-nitroso-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, 2-nitroso-1-naphthol, 2-nitroso-5- (N-ethyl-) N-sulfopropylamino) phenol, N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt, N-nitroso-N (1-naphthyl) hydroxylamine ammonium salt and the like are used.
- the present invention comprises (1) a step of applying the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present embodiment described above onto a substrate to form a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate, and (2) the above-mentioned photosensitive.
- the negative type photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is applied onto a substrate, and if necessary, dried thereafter to form a photosensitive resin layer.
- a coating method a method conventionally used for coating a photosensitive resin composition, for example, a method of coating with a spin coater, a bar coater, a blade coater, a curtain coater, a screen printing machine, or the like, or spray coating with a spray coater. A method or the like can be used.
- the coating film containing the negative photosensitive resin composition can be dried.
- the drying method methods such as air drying, heat drying using an oven or a hot plate, and vacuum drying are used. Specifically, when air-drying or heat-drying is performed, drying can be performed at 20 ° C. to 140 ° C. under the conditions of 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the photosensitive resin layer (negative type photosensitive resin layer) can be formed on the substrate.
- Exposure Step the negative photosensitive resin layer formed above is exposed to a photomask or reticle having a pattern using an exposure device such as a contact aligner, a mirror projection, or a stepper, or directly. Expose with an ultraviolet light source or the like.
- post-exposure bake (PEB) and / or pre-development bake at any combination of temperature and time may be applied, if necessary, for the purpose of improving light sensitivity and the like.
- the temperature is preferably 40 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the time is preferably 10 seconds to 240 seconds, but this does not interfere with the properties of the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. As long as it is not limited to this range.
- Relief pattern forming step In this step, the unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer after exposure is developed and removed.
- a developing method for developing the photosensitive resin layer after exposure any of conventionally known photoresist developing methods, such as a rotary spray method, a paddle method, and a dipping method accompanied by sonication The method can be selected and used.
- post-development baking may be performed at an arbitrary combination of temperature and time, if necessary, for the purpose of adjusting the shape of the relief pattern.
- a good solvent for a negative photosensitive resin composition or a combination of the good solvent and a poor solvent is preferable.
- a good solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like are preferable. ..
- the poor solvent for example, toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, water and the like are preferable.
- a good solvent and a poor solvent are mixed and used, it is preferable to adjust the ratio of the poor solvent to the good solvent by the solubility of the polymer in the negative photosensitive resin composition.
- two or more kinds of each solvent for example, several kinds can be used in combination.
- the relief pattern obtained by the above development is heated to dilute the photosensitive component, and (A) the polyimide precursor is imidized to form a cured relief made of polyimide. Convert to a pattern.
- various methods can be selected, for example, a method using a hot plate, a method using an oven, and a method using a temperature-increasing oven in which a temperature program can be set. The heating can be performed, for example, at 170 ° C. to 400 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the atmospheric gas at the time of heat curing air may be used, or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon may be used.
- the structure of the polyimide contained in the cured relief pattern formed from the polyimide precursor composition is represented by the following general formula (8).
- X 1 and Y 1 have the general formula (2) are the same as X 1 and Y 1 in, m is a positive integer.
- the preferred X 1 and Y 1 in the general formula (2) are also preferable in the polyimide of the general formula (8) for the same reason.
- the number of repeating units m in the general formula (8) may be a positive integer and is not particularly limited, but may be an integer of 2 to 150 or an integer of 3 to 140.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing polyimide, which comprises a step of converting the negative photosensitive resin composition described above into polyimide.
- a semiconductor device having a cured relief pattern obtained by the above-mentioned method for producing a cured relief pattern is also provided. Therefore, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having a base material which is a semiconductor element and a cured relief pattern of polyimide formed on the base material by the above-described cured relief pattern manufacturing method.
- the present invention can also be applied to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, which uses a semiconductor element as a base material and includes the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a cured relief pattern as a part of a process.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention is a semiconductor device having a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, an insulating film for rewiring, a protective film for a flip chip device, or a bump structure of a cured relief pattern formed by the above-mentioned cured relief pattern manufacturing method. It can be manufactured by forming it as a protective film or the like and combining it with a known manufacturing method of a semiconductor device.
- a display body device including a display body element and a cured film provided on the upper portion of the display body element
- the cured film is a display body device having the above-mentioned cured relief pattern.
- the cured relief pattern may be laminated in direct contact with the display element, or may be laminated with another layer sandwiched between them.
- the cured film includes a surface protective film, an insulating film, and a flattening film of a thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display element and a color filter element, protrusions for a multidomain vertical orientation (MVA) type liquid crystal display device, and organic electroluminescence. (EL)
- TFT thin film transistor
- MVA multidomain vertical orientation
- EL organic electroluminescence.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is applied to semiconductor devices as described above, as well as applications such as interlayer insulation of multilayer circuits, cover coats of flexible copper-clad plates, solder resist films, and liquid crystal alignment films. Is also useful.
- Example of the first invention >> Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the physical characteristics of the photosensitive resin compositions in Examples, Comparative Examples, and Production Examples were measured and evaluated according to the following methods.
- Weight Average Molecular Weight The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of each photosensitive resin was measured by a gel permeation chromatography method (standard polystyrene conversion). The column used for the measurement was Showa Denko's brand name Shodex 805M / 806M series, and for the standard monodisperse polystyrene, Showa Denko's Shodex STANDARD SM-105 was selected, and the developing solvent was N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. As the detector, Showa Denko's brand name Shodex RI-930 was used.
- the spin-coated film was exposed by a 1-magnification projection exposure apparatus PrismaGHI S / N5503 (manufactured by Ultratech) using a reticle with a test pattern having a circular pattern with a mask size of 15 ⁇ m in diameter. At this time, for each exposure amount, the focus was moved toward the bottom of the spin-coated film with reference to the surface of the spin-coated film by 2 ⁇ m for exposure.
- the coating film formed on the sputtered Cu wafer was spray-developed with a developing machine (D-SPIN 636 type, manufactured by Dainippon Screen Co., Ltd.) using cyclopentanone, rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and polyamic acid ester. A rounded concave relief pattern was obtained.
- the development time for spray development was defined as 1.4 times the minimum time for the resin composition in the unexposed portion to develop in the 10 ⁇ m spin-coated film.
- the round concave relief pattern having a mask size of 15 ⁇ m obtained above is determined to pass a pattern that satisfies both of the following criteria (I) and (II), and the thickness of the focus margin that gives the pass pattern.
- the area of the pattern opening is 1 ⁇ 2 or more of the corresponding pattern mask opening area.
- the cross section of the pattern is not sloping, and undercut, swelling, and bridging do not occur.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition used for forming the first-layer cured film is applied onto the first-layer cured film, and the entire surface is exposed under the same conditions as when the first-layer cured film is formed, and then heat is applied. It was cured to prepare a second cured film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- the degree of deterioration was evaluated by checking the presence or absence of voids in the epoxy portion after cutting the cross section of the test piece after forming the second layer of the cured film with a FIB device (JIB-4000 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). .. Those with no voids were marked with ⁇ , and those with even one void were marked with x.
- Adhesion test with encapsulant A pin was set up on the sample prepared in the encapsulant deterioration test, and an adhesion test was conducted using a take-up tester (Quad Group, Sebastian Type 5). That is, the adhesion between the epoxy-based encapsulant and the cured relief pattern prepared from the photosensitive resin compositions prepared in each Example and each Comparative Example was tested. Evaluation: Adhesive strength 70 MPa or more ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Adhesive strength ⁇ 50 MPa or more and less than -70 MPa ... Adhesion strength ⁇ 30 MPa or more and less than -50 MPa ... Adhesion force ⁇ Less than 30 MPa ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Adhesion strength ⁇
- Aluminum (Al) was sputtered to prepare a sputtered Al wafer substrate.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition is spin-coated on the sputtered Al wafer substrate using a spin coating device (D-spin 60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO), heated and dried at 110 ° C. for 180 seconds, and the film thickness is 10 ⁇ m ⁇ .
- a 0.2 ⁇ m spin-coated film was prepared.
- the relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent at 10 GHz were calculated for the film sample by the resonator perturbation method.
- the details of the measurement method are as follows. (Measuring method) Perturbation method split cylinder resonator method (device configuration) Network analyzer: PNA Network analyzer E5224B (manufactured by Agilent technologies) Split cylinder resonator: CR-710 (manufactured by Kanto Electronics Applied Development Co., Ltd.) Measurement frequency: Approximately 10 GHz
- the film obtained in (5) above was measured by the ATR method in the range of 700 to 4000 cm -1 with 50 scans using the Scientific Nicolet iN10. 1380 cm absorption peak in the vicinity of -1, and by obtaining 1500 cm -1 vicinity of the absorption peak value, respectively, to calculate the value of (the absorption peak around 1380 cm -1) / (absorption peak around 1500 cm -1) .. Note that each of the peak value, 1380 cm -1, and the largest peak in the ⁇ 10 cm -1 in 1500 cm -1.
- a photosensitive resin composition was rotationally coated on a 6-inch silicon wafer so that the film thickness after curing was about 10 ⁇ m, and prebaked at 110 ° C. for 180 seconds on a hot plate.
- a cured polyimide coating film was obtained by heating at 230 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere using a heating program type curing furnace (VF-2000 type, manufactured by Koyo Lindbergh Co., Ltd.). The film thickness was measured with a film thickness measuring device, Lambda Ace (manufactured by Dainippon Screen).
- the resulting reaction was added to 3 liters of ethyl alcohol to form a precipitate of crude polymer.
- the produced crude polymer was collected by filtration and dissolved in 1.5 liters of tetrahydrofuran to obtain a crude polymer solution.
- the obtained crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 liters of water to precipitate the polymer, and the obtained precipitate was collected by filtration and then vacuum dried to obtain a powdery polymer A-1.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of this polymer A-1 was measured and found to be 22,000, and the imide group concentration was 19.4%.
- A-7 was obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 148.43 g of hydroxypropyl methacrylate was used instead of 134.0 g of HEMA in Production Example 1.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of this polymer A-7 was measured and found to be 24,000, and the imide group concentration was 19.4%.
- A-7 was obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 162.86 g of hydroxybutyl methacrylate was used in place of 134.0 g of HEMA in Production Example 1.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of this polymer A-8 was measured and found to be 26,000, and the imide group concentration was 19.4%.
- Polymer A-16 was obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 147.1 g of BPDA was used instead of 155.1 g of ODPA in Production Example 1.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of this polymer A-16 was measured and found to be 23,000, and the imide group concentration was 19.9%.
- Polymer A-17 was obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 87.8 g of BAPP and 78.8 g of BAPB were used instead of 175.9 g of BAPP in Production Example 1. .. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of this polymer A-17 was measured and found to be 24,000 and the imide group concentration was 20.0%.
- A-19 was obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 85.8 g of diaminodiphenyl ether was used instead of 175.9 g of BAPP in Production Example 1.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was measured and found to be 22,000, and the imide group concentration was 27.4%.
- Photopolymerization Initiator B1 3-Cyclopentyl-1- [9-Ethyl-6- (2-Methylbenzoyl) -9H-Carbazole-3-yl] Propanone-1- (O-Acetyloxime) (trade name: PBG-304) , Made by Changzhou Power Electronics Co., Ltd.) The amount of radicals generated was 27.9 ⁇ M.
- Photopolymerization Initiator B2 1,2-Propanedione-3-cyclopentyl-1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl] -2- (O benzoyloxime) (trade name: PBG-305, manufactured by Joshu Strong Electronics Co., Ltd.) Radical The amount generated was 8.0 ⁇ M.
- Photopolymerization Initiator B3 1- [4- (Phenylthio) Phenyl] -3-Propane-1,2-dione-2- (O-acetyloxime) (trade name: PBG-3057, manufactured by Joshu Strong Electronics Co., Ltd.) Radical The amount generated was 10.6 ⁇ M.
- Photopolymerization Initiator B4 1-Phenyl-1,2-Propanedione-2- (O-ethoxycarbonyl) -Oxime. The amount of radicals generated was 0.8 ⁇ M.
- Solvent C1 ⁇ -Butyrolactone
- Solvent C2 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
- Solvent C3 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- M4G Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- Example 1 As the component (A), 100 g of the polymer A-1 and the component (B) of the photopolymerization initiator B1 (2 g), ⁇ -butyrolactone and DMSO are dissolved in a mixed solvent (weight ratio 75:25), and the viscosity is about. A photosensitive resin composition solution was prepared by adjusting the amount of the solvent so as to have 35 poise. This composition was evaluated by the method described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Examples 2-28, Comparative Example 2 The evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin composition solution was prepared at the ratio shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the photosensitive resin compositions prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were used as an interlayer insulating film of a semiconductor device.
- the photosensitive resin compositions prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were also used as an insulating member between the antenna and the ground (reference potential). Since the thickness of this insulating member affects the synchrotron radiation rate of the antenna, the thickness is set so that the maximum radiation efficiency can be obtained.
- the antenna-integrated module was designed to operate at 300 GHz.
- the reflection characteristics (electrical characteristics) were evaluated, and those having a dissociation from 300 GHz of the antenna alone were evaluated as ⁇ , those having a deviation of 5 GHz or more and less than 10 GHz were evaluated as ⁇ , and those having a deviation of 10 GHz or more were evaluated as ⁇ .
- the reflection characteristic represents the ratio of the amount of power reflected by the antenna and returned to the input port to the input power to the input port that inputs power to the antenna.
- Weight Average Molecular Weight The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of each resin was measured under the following conditions using a gel permeation chromatography method (standard polystyrene conversion). Pump: JASCO PU-980 Detector: JASCO RI-930 Column oven: JASCO CO-965 40 ° C Column: Showa Denko Co., Ltd. Shodex KD-806M Two in series, or Showa Denko Co., Ltd. Shodex 805M / 806M series standard monodisperse polystyrene: Showa Denko Co., Ltd. Shodex STANDARD SM-105 Mobile phase: 0.1 mol / L LiBr / N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) Flow velocity: 1 mL / min.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- This coating film was irradiated with energy of 500 mJ / cm 2 by Prisma GHI (manufactured by Ultratech) using a mask with a test pattern.
- this coating film was spray-developed with a coater developer (D-Spin 60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO) using cyclopentanone as a developing solution, and rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate to obtain a relief pattern on Cu.
- VF-2000 type heating program type curing furnace
- the Cu surface from which all the resin layer has been removed is observed by FE-SEM (S-4800 type, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and image analysis software (A image-kun, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used on the surface of the Cu layer.
- the area of voids occupied was calculated.
- the total area of voids when the photosensitive resin composition described in Comparative Example 1 is evaluated is 100%, those having a total area ratio of voids of less than 50% are "excellent", and 50% or more and less than 75%. Those of 75% or more and less than 100% were judged as "good", those of 100% or more were judged as "impossible”.
- Adhesion test with sealing material R4000 series manufactured by Nagase Chemtex Co., Ltd. was prepared as an epoxy-based sealing material.
- the encapsulant was spin-coated on the aluminum-sputtered silicon wafer so as to have a thickness of about 150 microns, and the epoxy-based encapsulant was cured by thermosetting at 130 ° C.
- the photosensitive resin compositions prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were applied onto the epoxy-based cured film so that the final film thickness was 10 microns.
- the entire surface of the coated photosensitive resin composition was exposed under an exposure condition of 500 mJ / cm 2 , and then heat-cured at 180 ° C. for 2 hours to prepare a first-layer cured film having a thickness of 10 microns.
- the photosensitive resin composition used for forming the first-layer cured film was applied onto the first-layer cured film, and the entire surface was exposed under the same conditions as when the first-layer cured film was formed, and then heat-cured. , A second cured film having a thickness of 10 microns was prepared.
- An epoxy resin was applied onto the photosensitive resin cured film of the above sample, then a pin was set up, and an adhesion test was conducted using a take-up tester (Quad Group, Sebastian Type 5). Evaluation was made according to the following criteria.
- the obtained reaction solution was added to 3 L of ethyl alcohol to form a precipitate composed of a crude polymer.
- the produced crude polymer was filtered off and dissolved in 1.5 L of tetrahydrofuran to obtain a crude polymer solution.
- the obtained crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 L of water to precipitate a polymer, and the obtained precipitate was filtered off and then vacuum dried to obtain a powdery polymer (polymer A-1).
- the molecular weight of the polymer (A-1) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene conversion), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 20,000.
- Production Example 2 (A) Synthesis of Polymer A-2 as Polyimide Precursor 3,3', 4,4 instead of 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) of Production Example 1.
- the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 described above except that 147.1 g of ′ -biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) was used to obtain a polymer (A-2).
- BPDA ′ -biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Production Example 3 (A) Synthesis of Polymer A-3 as Polyimide Precursor 50.2 g of p-phenylenediamine was used in place of 93.0 g of 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) in Production Example 1.
- a polymer (A-3) was obtained by carrying out the reaction in the same manner as described in Production Example 1 described above except for the above.
- the molecular weight of the polymer (A-3) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene conversion), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 19,000.
- Production Example 4 (A) Synthesis of Polymer A-4 as Polyimide Precursor
- the 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride of Production Example 1 is fluorenic dianhydride (229.2 g), 4,4'-oxy.
- the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 described above, except that dianiline was changed to 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine (TFMB) (148.5 g), and the polymer (A- 4) was obtained.
- TFMB 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Production Example 5 (A) Synthesis of Polymer A-5 as Polyimide Precursor 2,2'-Dimethylbiphenyl-4, in place of 93.0 g of 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) in Production Example 1. The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 described above except that 98.6 g of 4'-diamine (m-TB) was used to obtain a polymer (A-5). When the molecular weight of the polymer (A-5) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene conversion), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 21,000.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition was prepared using the polymer A-1 by the following method, and the prepared composition was evaluated.
- the viscosity of the obtained solution was adjusted to about 30 poise by further adding a small amount of GBL to obtain a negative photosensitive resin composition.
- the composition was evaluated according to the method described above. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Examples 2 to 13 Comparative Examples 1 to 3> A negative photosensitive resin composition similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that it was prepared with the components and compounding ratios as shown in Table 3, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the compounds listed in Table 3 are as follows.
- B-1 1-Phenyl-1,2-Propanedione-2- (O-ethoxycarbonyl) -Oxime
- C-1 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KBM-403)
- C-2 N-Phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KBM-573)
- C-3 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (KBE-585)
- C-4 3-Isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (KBE-9007)
- C-5 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KBM-903)
- D-1 ⁇ -Buty lactone (hereinafter referred to as GBL)
- D-2 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
- E-1 Compound represented by Production Example 5
- E-2 1- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -4-hydroxypiperidine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be suitably used in the field of photosensitive materials useful for producing electrical and electronic materials such as semiconductor devices and multilayer wiring substrates.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention By using the negative photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention, a cured relief pattern having high chemical resistance and resolution can be obtained, and the generation of voids on the Cu surface can be suppressed.
- the present invention can be suitably used in the field of photosensitive materials useful for manufacturing electrical and electronic materials such as semiconductor devices and multilayer wiring boards.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
従来、電子部品の絶縁材料、及び半導体装置のパッシベーション膜、表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜等には、優れた耐熱性、電気特性及び機械特性を併せ持つポリイミド樹脂が用いられている。このポリイミド樹脂の中でも、感光性ポリイミド前駆体組成物の形で提供されるものは、該組成物の塗布、露光、現像、及びキュアによる熱イミド化処理によって、耐熱性のレリーフパターン皮膜を容易に形成することができる。このような感光性ポリイミド前駆体組成物は、従来の非感光型ポリイミド材料に比べて、大幅な工程短縮を可能にするという特徴を有している。
このような金属再配線層について、信頼性試験後に再配線された金属層と樹脂層との密着性が高いことが求められる。特に近年では、再配線層を加熱硬化させる温度がより低温であることが求められている。信頼性試験としては、例えば、空気中、125℃以上の高温で100時間以上保存する、高温保存試験;配線を組んで電圧を印加しながら、空気中で、125℃程度の温度で100時間以上に亘る保存下での動作を確認する、高温動作試験;空気中で、-65℃~-40℃程度の低温状態と、125℃~150℃程度の高温状態とをサイクルで行き来させる、温度サイクル試験;85℃以上の温度で湿度85%以上の水蒸気雰囲気下で保存する、高温高湿保存試験;高温高湿保存試験と同じ試験を、配線を組んで電圧を印加しながら行なう、高温高湿バイアス試験;並びに空気中又は窒素下で260℃のはんだリフロー炉を複数回通過させる、はんだリフロー試験等を挙げることができる。
しかしながら、近年パッケージ実装技術が多様化することで、支持体の種類が多種化し、加えて再配線層が多層化するため、感光性樹脂組成物を露光する際に、フォーカス深度にずれが生じて解像度が大きく悪化したり、下地基材の違いによって得られる解像度が著しく異なるという問題があった。また、ファンアウト型パッケージの場合、エポキシ樹脂などから構成されるモールド樹脂との接着性が必要となるところ、従来のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物では、十分な接着性がないために、パッケージとした際に収率が低下するという問題があった。
また、近年、低誘電率材料が求められるところ、従来の材料にはなお改善の余地があった。
しかしながら、従来、上記信頼性試験の中で、高温保存試験の場合、試験後、再配線されたCu層の、樹脂層に接する界面でボイドが発生する、という問題があった。特に、加熱硬化させる温度が低温の場合、より顕著となる傾向にある。Cu層と樹脂層との界面でボイドが発生すると、両者の密着性が低下してしまう。
本発明者らは、特定のポリイミド前駆体と、特定の光重合開始剤とを組み合わせることにより、上記の目的が達成されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
[1]
(A)側鎖に不飽和二重結合を有するポリイミド前駆体と、(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤、とを含むネガ型感光性樹脂組成物であって、
前記(A)を230℃で加熱硬化させた時のIRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が0.1~0.56であり、
前記(B)の100μMジメチルスルホキシド溶液に100mJ/cm2を照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMであることを特徴とする、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[2]
前記(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が、0.3~0.54である、[1]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[3]
前記ラジカル発生量が5.0~30.0μMである、[1]または[2]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[4]
前記ラジカル発生量が8.0~30.0μMである、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[5]
前記ラジカル発生量が10.0~30.0μMである、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[6]
更に(C)溶媒を含む、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[7]
前記(A)側鎖に不飽和二重結合を有するポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(A1):
[8]
前記一般式(A1)において、Yは下記一般式(Y1):
[9]
前記(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)が15,000~38,000である、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[10]
前記一般式(A1)において、Yが、下記式:
[11]
前記一般式(A1)におけるXは、下記一般式(X1):
[12]
一般式(X1)において、Cが酸素原子または硫黄原子であり、Dが下記式:
[13]
前記Xが、下記式:
[14]
前記一般式(R1)におけるpが、3~10である、[7]~[13]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[15]
230℃で2時間加熱硬化させた硬化膜を、350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%であって、該重量減少成分中の、前記一般式(A1)におけるR1、R2に由来する割合が60~80%である、[7]~[14]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[16]
下記一般式(A1):
(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤と、(C)溶媒と、を含むことを特徴とするネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[17]
前記(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)が15,000~38,000である、[16]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[18]
前記一般式(A1)において、Yが、下記式:
[19]
前記(A)を230℃で加熱硬化させた時のIRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が0.1~0.56であり、
前記(B)の100μMジメチルスルホキシド溶液に100mJ/cm2を照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMである、[16]~[18]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[20]
下記一般式(A1):
(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤と、(C)溶媒と、を含有することを特徴とするネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[21]
一般式(X1)において、Cが酸素原子または硫黄原子であり、Dが下記式:
[22]
前記Xが、下記式:
[23]
前記(A)を230℃で加熱硬化させた時のIRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が0.1~0.56であり、
前記(B)の100μMジメチルスルホキシド溶液に100mJ/cm2を照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMである、[20]~[22]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[24]
前記(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤が、
下記一般式(B):
または一般式(B1):
で表される構造を含む、[1]~[23]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[25]
前記(C)溶媒が、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、ε―カプロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル―2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[6]~[24]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[26]
前記(C)溶媒が、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、ε―カプロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル―2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも2種である、[6]~[25]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[27]
更に(D)重合禁止剤を含有する、[1]~[26]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[28]
[1]~[27]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を硬化することを含む、ポリイミドの製造方法。
[29]
以下の工程:
(1)[1]~[27]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布し、該基板上に感光性樹脂層を形成する塗布工程と、
(2)該感光性樹脂層を露光する露光工程と、
(3)該露光後の感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターンを形成する現像工程と、
(4)該レリーフパターンを加熱処理することによって硬化レリーフパターンを形成する加熱工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。
[30]
[29]に記載の製造方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有してなることを特徴とする、半導体装置。
[31]
下記一般式(A1);
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%であり、該重量減少成分中の、前記一般式(A1)におけるR1、R2に由来する割合が60~80%である硬化膜。
[32]
下記一般式(A1);
前記硬化膜中のポリイミドのイミド基濃度が、12.0%~25.0%であって、
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%である、硬化膜。
[33]
IRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が、0.3~0.54である、[31]に記載の硬化膜。
[34]
10GHzの誘電正接が0.001~0.009である、[31]~[33]のいずれかに記載の硬化膜。
[35]
下記一般式(A1);
前記硬化膜中のポリイミドのイミド基濃度が、12.0%~25.0%であって、
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%である、硬化膜の製造方法であって、
感光性のポリイミド前駆体を含む組成物を膜状とする塗膜工程
前記ポリイミド前駆体を含む膜をポリイミド化するキュア工程
を少なくとも有し、
前記キュア工程は、150~250℃での加熱工程を含む、ポリイミド硬化膜の製造方法。
本発明者らは、特定のポリイミド前駆体と、特定の構造を有するシランカップリング剤、および特定の有機溶媒を組み合わせることにより、上記課題を解決することができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は以下のとおりである。
[1]
以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体;
(B)光重合開始剤;
(C)下記一般式(1):
で表されるシランカップリング剤;及び
(D)γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール, アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、及びε―カプロラクトンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有する、有機溶媒;
を含む、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[2]
前記一般式(1)において、R20がフェニルアミノ基、及びウレイド基を含む置換基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[1]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[3]
前記一般式(1)において、R20がフェニルアミノ基を含む置換基である、[1]または[2]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[4]
(E)熱塩基発生剤を更に含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[5]
前記(D)有機溶媒が、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール, アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、及びε―カプロラクトンからなる群から選択される少なくとも2種を含有する、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[6]
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(2):
で表される構造単位を有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[7]
前記一般式(2)において、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方は、下記一般式(3):
で表される1価の有機基である、[6]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[8]
前記一般式(2)において、X1が、下記一般式(20a):
[9]
前記一般式(2)において、X1が、下記一般式(20b):
[10]
前記一般式(2)において、X1が、下記一般式(20c):
[11]
前記一般式(2)において、Y1が、下記一般式(21b):
[12]
前記一般式(2)において、Y1が、下記一般式(21c):
で表される構造を含む、[6]~[10]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[13]
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(4):
で表される構造単位を有する、[6]又は[7]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[14]
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(5):
で表される構造単位を有する、[6]又は[7]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[15]
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(4):
下記一般式(5):
で表される構造単位を同時に含む、[6]又は[7]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[16]
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、前記一般式(4)と(5)で表される構造単位の共重合体である、[15]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[17]
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(6):
で表される構造単位を有する、[6]又は[7]に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[18]
100質量部の前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体と、
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体100質量部を基準として0.1~20質量部の前記(B)光重合開始剤と、
前記(A)ポリイミド前駆体100質量部を基準として0.1~20質量部の前記(C)シランカップリング剤と、
を含む、[1]~[17]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
[19]
[1]~[18]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物をポリイミドに変換する工程を含むポリイミドの製造方法。
[20]
以下の工程:
(1)[1]~[18]のいずれかに記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布して、感光性樹脂層を前記基板上に形成する工程;
(2)前記感光性樹脂層を露光する工程;
(3)露光後の前記感光性樹脂層を現像して、レリーフパターンを形成する工程;及び、
(4)前記レリーフパターンを加熱処理して、硬化レリーフパターンを形成する工程;
を含む、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。
本発明によれば、フォーカス深度にずれが生じても良好な解像性を示し、モールド樹脂との接着性が良好であり、低誘電率を発現するネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、該感光性樹脂組成物を用いたポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び該硬化レリーフパターンを有してなる半導体装置を提供することができる。
本発明によれば、高い耐薬品性と解像度が得られ、高温保存(high temperature storage)試験後、Cu層の、樹脂層に接する界面でボイドの発生を抑制するネガ型感光性樹脂組成物およびポリイミドの製造方法を提供することができ、また該ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を用いた硬化レリーフパターンの形成方法を提供することができる。
本実施の形態について、以下に具体的に説明する。なお本明細書を通じ、一般式において同一符号で表されている構造は、分子中に複数存在する場合、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
本実施の形態にかかる感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)特定の構造のポリイミド前駆体と、(B)特定の構造の光重合開始剤と、(C)溶媒と、を含有する。
また、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、上記の成分以外に、(D)重合禁止剤を更に含有することが好ましい。
このような感光性樹脂組成物によれば、フォーカスマージン、解像性が良好で、モールド樹脂との接着性が良好で、低誘電率を発現する硬化レリーフパターンを得ることができる。
本実施の形態にかかる(A)ポリイミド前駆体について説明する。
本実施の形態にかかる(A)ポリイミド前駆体は、側鎖に不飽和二重結合を有し、230℃で加熱硬化させた硬化膜のIRスペクトルにおいて、(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)=0.1~0.56であれば限定されない。このようなポリイミド前駆体とすることで、解像性が良好で、モールド樹脂との接着性に優れ、低誘電率を発現するネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を得ることができる。
この中で、低誘電率を発現する観点から、0.54以下がより好ましく、0.50以下が特に好ましい。また、現像性の観点から、0.2以上が好ましく、0.3以上がより好ましい。
(式中、Rzはそれぞれ独立にハロゲン原子を含んでもよい炭素数1~10の1価の有機基を表し、aは0~4の整数を表す。Aはそれぞれ独立に酸素原子または硫黄原子である。)を含むことがより好ましい。
のそれぞれで表される構造が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、Xの構造は、1種でも2種以上の組み合わせでも構わない。
(A)ポリイミド前駆体がこのような構造を有することにより、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の耐熱性および感光性が向上し、得られる硬化レリーフパターンにおいて、フォーカスマージンおよび耐薬品性を向上させることができる。
ことが、より好ましい。
Xは下記構造:
を含み、
Yは下記構造:
を含むことが最も好ましい。
(A)ポリイミド前駆体がこのような構造を有することにより、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の耐熱性および感光性がさらに向上し、得られる硬化レリーフパターンにおいて、フォーカスマージンを向上させ、低誘電率を発現する。
得られる硬化レリーフパターンにおいて誘電正接(Df)は、10GHzにおいて0.009未満であることが好ましく、0.0085未満であることがより好ましく、0.008未満であることがより好ましい。
上記エステル結合型のポリイミド前駆体は、例えば、先ず、所望の4価の有機基Xを有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、光重合性基(例えば不飽和二重結合)を有するアルコール類とを反応させて、部分的にエステル化したテトラカルボン酸(以下、アシッド/エステル体ともいう)を調製する。その後、このアシッド/エステル体と、2価の有機基Yを有するジアミン類とをアミド重縮合させることにより得られる。上記光重合性基を有するアルコール類とともに、任意に飽和脂肪族アルコール類を併用してもよい。
本発明において、エステル結合型のポリイミド前駆体を調製するために好適に用いられる、4価の有機基Xを有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、例えば、無水ピロメリット酸、ジフェニルエーテル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルスルホン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルメタン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)二無水フタル酸、4,4‘-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)ベンゾフェノン二酸無水物等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、これらは単独で用いることができるのは勿論のこと、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
ケトン類として、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等を;
エステル類として、例えば、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、シュウ酸ジエチル等を;
エーテル類として、例えば、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン等を;
ハロゲン化炭化水素類として、例えば、ジクロロメタン、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,4-ジクロロブタン、クロロベンゼン、o-ジクロロベンゼン等を;
炭化水素類として、例えば、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等を、
それぞれ挙げることができる。これらは必要に応じて、単独で用いても2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
上記アシッド/エステル体(典型的には上記反応溶媒中に溶解された溶液状態にある)に、好ましくは氷冷下、適当な脱水縮合剤を投入混合してアシッド/エステル体をポリ酸無水物とする。次いでこれに、本発明で好適に用いられる2価の有機基Yを有するジアミン類を別途溶媒に溶解又は分散させたものを滴下投入し、両者をアミド重縮合させることにより、目的のポリイミド前駆体を得ることができる。上記2価の有機基Yを有するジアミン類とともに、ジアミノシロキサン類を併用してもよい。
上記脱水縮合剤としては、例えば、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1-エトキシカルボニル-2-エトキシ-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン、1,1-カルボニルジオキシ-ジ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、N,N’-ジスクシンイミジルカーボネート等が挙げられる。
以上のようにして、中間体であるポリ酸無水化物が得られる。
また、上記以外に、悪影響を及ぼさない範囲で、下記ジアミンを用いることができる。
p-フェニレンジアミン、m-フェニレンジアミン、4,4-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、
及びこれらのベンゼン環上の水素原子の一部が、メチル基、エチル基、ヒドロキシメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基、ハロゲン原子等で置換されたもの;
並びにその混合物等が挙げられる。
本実施の形態にかかる(B)光重合開始剤は、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)の100μM溶液に波長365nmのUVランプを100mJ/cm2照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMである。本実施の形態にかかるラジカル発生量は、後述する実施例に記載の方法において算出することができる。
本実施の形態にかかる(B)光重合開始剤は、ラジカル発生量が、3.0~30.0μMであれば限定されない。本範囲にあることで、モールド樹脂の劣化がなく、モールド樹脂と、硬化レリーフパターンとの密着性に優れる。フォーカスマージンの観点から、5.0~30.0μMが好ましく、8.0~30.0μMがより好ましく、10.0~30.0μMがさらに好ましい。
本実施の形態は、側鎖に不飽和二重結合を有するポリイミド前駆体と、オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤とを含有するネガ型感光性樹脂組成物であり、開始剤から発生するラジカルにより、側鎖の二重結合が反応することにより現像性を発現し、その後熱硬化によりポリイミドへと変換される。
また、ラジカル発生量が30μMを超える場合には、ラジカルの発生量が多いために、開始剤同士の再結合が起こるため、側鎖同士の架橋も進行せず、生成した開始剤の再結合分子がモールド樹脂とポリイミドの界面に脆弱層となるために、密着性が低下すると推定している。
本実施の形態では、ラジカル発生量が上記範囲に入りうる光重合開始剤については、化合物の構造を適切に選択することにより、達成することができる。
光重合開始剤は、一般的に照射された光(本実施の形態では、波長365nm)を吸収し、励起状態となった後に、化合物自体が開裂してラジカルを発生する、または他の分子から水素を引き抜いてラジカルを発生する、と考えられている。
従って、上記の範囲内とするためには、例えば、ラジカル発生量を高めたい場合には、365nmでのモル吸光係数を高めることによって、365nmでの光吸収量を高め、ラジカル発生量を多く調整することができる。化学構造としては、ヘテロ原子を含む構造とすることにより、吸収極大を長波長側にシフトさせ、モル吸光係数を高める手法などが挙げられ、特にヘテロ原子を含む複素環化合物とすることが効果的である。
また、ラジカル発生量を低めたい場合には、365nmでのモル吸光係数を低めることによって、365nmでの光吸収量を低め、ラジカル発生量を少なく調整することができる。化学構造としては、化学構造中に含まれるヘテロ原子を含む置換基などを除くことが効果的である。
Rbは炭素数1~20の有機基であれば限定されないが、解像度の観点から、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、炭素数5~20の複素環化合物に由来する1価の有機基が好ましい。
Rcは炭素数1~10の有機基であれば限定されない。その中で、解像性の観点から炭素数3~10の飽和脂環構造を含有する1価の有機基がより好ましい。
Rdは、炭素数1~10の有機基であれば限定されない。その中で、解像性の観点から、炭素数1~3の有機基が好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基がより好ましい。
Rfは、炭素数1~10の有機基であれば限定されない。その中で、解像性の観点から、炭素数1~3の有機基が好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基がより好ましい。
すなわち、モールド樹脂は一般的にはエポキシ樹脂等が使用されており、一部エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ部位が開環した水酸基の形で残存している。本実施の形態にかかる(A)ポリイミド前駆体には、酸素原子または硫黄原子を2個以上有しており、上記構造の(B)光重合開始剤を含むことで、光重合開始剤のラジカル発生後に残存する窒素原子や硫黄原子が、モールド樹脂中に残存する水酸基と、ポリイミド樹脂との接着性を向上させていると考えている。
本実施の形態にかかる(C)溶媒は、本実施の形態にかかる(A)ポリイミド前駆体、(B)光重合開始剤、を均一に溶解または懸濁させうる溶媒であれば限定されない。そのような溶媒として、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、ε―カプロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル―2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、などを例示することができる。
これらの中で、低誘電率の観点から、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、ε―カプロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル―2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシドが特に好ましい。これらの溶媒は一種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本実施の形態においては、重合禁止剤を添加することが好ましい。重合禁止剤を添加することで、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、特に下地基材によらず良好な解像性を得ることができる。
本実施の形態に係る重合禁止剤としては、芳香族性水酸基を含有する化合物、ニトロソ化合物、N-オキシド化合物、キノン化合物、N-オキシル化合物、フェノチアジン化合物を例示することができる。
芳香族性水酸基を含有する化合物としては、4-メトキシフェノール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノールが好ましく、4-メトキシフェノールが特に好ましい。
本発明のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、上記(A)~(D)成分以外の成分を更に含有してもよい。
本発明のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、典型的には、上記各成分及び必要に応じて更に使用される任意成分を(C)溶媒に溶解してワニス状にした液状の感光性樹脂組成物として使用される。そのため、(E)その他成分としては、例えば上記(A)感光性ポリイミド前駆体以外の樹脂、増感剤、架橋剤、光重合性の不飽和結合を有するモノマー、接着助剤、アゾール化合物、ヒンダードフェノール化合物等を挙げることができる。
前記架橋剤としては、分子内に複数の官能基を有する任意の化合物を挙げることができる。ここで官能基としては、例えばアクリル基、メタクリル基、エポキシ基、メチロール基、アリル基、ビニル基、マレイミド基等を挙げることができる。
プロピレングリコール又はポリプロピレングリコールのモノ又はジ(メタ)アクリレート;
グリセロールのモノ、ジ又はトリ(メタ)アクリレート;
シクロヘキサンジ(メタ)アクリレート;
1,4-ブタンジオールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールのジ(メタ)アクリレート;
ビスフェノールAのモノ又はジ(メタ)アクリレート;
ベンゼントリメタクリレート;
イソボルニル(メタ)アクリレート;
アクリルアミド及びその誘導体;
メタクリルアミド及びその誘導体;
トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート;
グリセロールのジ又はトリ(メタ)アクリレート;
ペンタエリスリトールのジ、トリ、又はテトラ(メタ)アクリレート;
並びにこれら化合物のエチレンオキサイド又はプロピレンオキサイド付加物等の化合物を挙げることができる。
重量減少率を0.5%以上とすることで、封止材劣化試験が良好となる傾向にある。0.6%以上が好ましく、0.7%以上がより好ましい。
重量減少率を3.0%以下とすることで、封止材密着性が良好となる傾向にある。2.9%以下が好ましく、2.8%以下がより好ましい。
重量減少率を0.5%以上とすることで、封止材劣化試験が良好となる傾向にある。0.6%以上が好ましく、0.7%以上がより好ましい。
重量減少率を3.0%以下とすることで、封止材密着性が良好となる傾向にある。2.9%以下が好ましく、2.8%以下がより好ましい。
この中で、低誘電率を発現する観点から、0.54以下がより好ましく、0.5以下が特に好ましい。また、現像性の観点から、0.3以上が好ましく、0.35以上がより好ましい。
イミド基濃度が12%以上であることで、モールド樹脂と、硬化レリーフパターンの密着性が良好な傾向にある。12.5%以上がより好ましく、13.5%以上が特に好ましい。イミド基濃度が25.0%以下であることで、得られるポリイミド硬化膜の誘電正接が良好な傾向にある。24.0%以下がより好ましく、23.0%以下がさらに好ましく、21.0%以下が特に好ましい。
重量減少率を3.0%以下とすることで、封止材密着性が良好となる傾向にある。2.9%以下が好ましく、2.8%以下がより好ましい。
この中で、低誘電正接を発現する観点から、0.54以下がより好ましく、0.5以下が特に好ましい。また、現像性の観点から、0.3以上が好ましく、0.35以上がより好ましい。
前記キュア工程は、150~250℃での加熱工程を含み、
前記硬化膜中のポリイミドのイミド基濃度が、12.0%~25.0%であって、
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%である。
加熱硬化工程において、150~250℃と、比較的低温で加熱することで、加熱硬化後の反りを軽減し、信頼性の高い半導体装置が得られる。
本発明はまた、ポリイミドの製造方法も提供するものである。
本発明におけるポリイミドの製造方法は、上述したネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を硬化することを含む。
上記ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物(ポリイミド前駆体組成物)から形成されるポリイミドの構造は、下記一般式(2)で表される。
一般式(A1)中の好ましいX、Yは、同じ理由により、一般式(2)のポリイミドにおいても好ましい。繰り返し単位数mは、特に限定は無いが、2~150の整数であってもよい。
本発明はまた、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法も提供するものである。
本発明における硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法は、例えば以下の工程:
(1)上述した本発明のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布し、該基板上に感光性樹脂層を形成する塗布工程と、
(2)該感光性樹脂層を露光する露光工程と、
(3)該露光後の感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターンを形成する現像工程と、
(4)該レリーフパターンを加熱処理することによって硬化レリーフパターンを形成する加熱工程と
を上記に記載の順で経由することを特徴とする。
以下、各工程の典型的な態様について説明する。
本工程では、本発明のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布し、必要に応じてその後乾燥させて感光性樹脂層を形成する。
基板としては、例えばシリコン、アルミニウム、銅、銅合金等から成る金属基板;
エポキシ、ポリイミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール等の樹脂基板;
前記樹脂基板に金属回路が形成された基板;
複数の金属、又は金属と樹脂とが多層に積層された基板
等を使用することができる。
塗布方法としては、従来から感光性樹脂組成物の塗布に用いられていた方法、例えば、スピンコーター、バーコーター、ブレードコーター、カーテンコーター、スクリーン印刷機等で塗布する方法、スプレーコーターで噴霧塗布する方法等を用いることができる。
本工程では、上記で形成した感光性樹脂層を露光する。露光装置としては、例えばコンタクトアライナー、ミラープロジェクション、ステッパー等の露光装置が用いられる。露光は、パターンを有するフォトマスク又はレチクルを介して、又は直接に行うことができる。露光に使用する光線は、例えば、紫外線光源等である。
本工程では、露光後の感光性樹脂層のうち未露光部を現像除去する。露光(照射)後の感光性樹脂層を現像する現像方法としては、従来知られているフォトレジストの現像方法を選択して使用することができる。例えば回転スプレー法、パドル法、超音波処理を伴う浸漬法等である。また、現像の後、レリーフパターンの形状を調整する等の目的で、必要に応じて任意の温度及び時間の組合せによる現像後ベークを施してもよい。現像後ベークの温度は、例えば80~130℃とすることができ、時間は例えば0.5~10分とすることができる。
本工程では、上記現像により得られたレリーフパターンを加熱して感光成分を希散させるとともに、(A)ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させて、ポリイミドからなる硬化レリーフパターンに変換する。
加熱硬化の方法としては、ホットプレートによるもの、オーブンを用いるもの、温度プログラムを設定できる昇温式オーブンを用いるもの等種々の方法を選ぶことができる。加熱は、例えば160℃~400℃で30分~5時間の条件で行うことができる。加熱硬化の際の雰囲気気体としては空気を用いてもよいし、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガスを用いてもよい。
以上のようにして、硬化レリーフパターンを製造することができる。
本発明はまた、上述した本発明の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有して成る、半導体装置を提供する。
上記の半導体装置は、例えば、半導体素子である基材と、該基材上に、上述した硬化レリーフパターン製造方法により形成された硬化レリーフパターンとを有する半導体装置であることができる。
上記半導体装置は、例えば、基材として半導体素子を用い、上述した硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法を工程の一部として含む方法によって製造することができる。本発明の半導体装置は、上記硬化レリーフパターン製造方法で形成される硬化レリーフパターンを、例えば表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、再配線用絶縁膜、フリップチップ装置用保護膜、又はバンプ構造を有する半導体装置の保護膜等として形成し、公知の半導体装置の製造方法と組合せることにより、製造することができる。
なお、本明細書を通じ、一般式において同一符号で表されている構造は、分子中に複数存在する場合に、互いに同一であるか、又は異なっていてもよい。
本実施形態に係るネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体;
(B)光重合開始剤;
(C)特定の構造を有するシランカップリング剤;および
(D)特定の有機溶媒;
を含む。
本実施形態における(A)ポリイミド前駆体は、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物に含まれる樹脂成分であり、加熱環化処理を施すことによってポリイミドに変換される。
ポリイミド前駆体は、下記一般式(2):
で表される構造単位を有するポリアミドであることが好ましい。
で表される1価の有機基である。
で表される構造が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、Y1の構造は1種でも2種以上の組み合わせでもよい。上記式(21)で表される構造を有するY1基は、耐熱性及び感光特性を両立するという観点で好ましい。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが好ましい。
一般式(4)において、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方は、上記一般式(3)で表される1価の有機基であることがより好ましい。(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、一般式(4)で表されるポリイミド前駆体を含むことで、特に解像性の効果が高くなる。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが好ましい。
一般式(5)において、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方は、上記一般式(3)で表される1価の有機基であることがより好ましい。(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、一般式(4)で表されるポリイミド前駆体に加えて、一般式(5)で表されるポリイミド前駆体を含むことにより、特に解像性の効果がさらに高くなる。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが好ましい。
一般式(6)において、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方は、上記一般式(3)で表される1価の有機基であることがより好ましい。(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、一般式(6)で表されるポリイミド前駆体を含むことで、特に耐薬品性の効果が高くなる。
(A)ポリイミド前駆体は、まず前述の一般式(2)中の4価の有機基X1を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、光重合性の不飽和二重結合を有するアルコール類及び任意に不飽和二重結合を有さないアルコール類とを反応させて、部分的にエステル化したテトラカルボン酸(以下、アシッド/エステル体ともいう)を調製した後、これと、前述の一般式(2)中の2価の有機基Y1を含むジアミン類とをアミド重縮合させることにより得られる。
本実施形態では、(A)ポリイミド前駆体を調製するために好適に用いられる、4価の有機基X1を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、上記一般式(20)に示される構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物をはじめ、例えば、無水ピロメリット酸、ジフェニルエーテル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルスルホン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルメタン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン等を、好ましくは無水ピロメリット酸、ジフェニルエーテル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、これらは単独で用いることができるのは勿論のこと2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記アシッド/エステル体(典型的には後述する溶剤中の溶液)に、氷冷下、適当な脱水縮合剤、例えば、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1-エトキシカルボニル-2-エトキシ-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン、1,1-カルボニルジオキシ-ジ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、N,N’-ジスクシンイミジルカーボネート等を投入混合してアシッド/エステル体をポリ酸無水物とした後、これに、本実施形態で好適に用いられる2価の有機基Y1を含むジアミン類を別途溶媒に溶解又は分散させたものを滴下投入し、アミド重縮合させることにより、目的のポリイミド前駆体を得ることができる。代替的には、上記アシッド/エステル体を、塩化チオニル等を用いてアシッド部分を酸クロライド化した後に、ピリジン等の塩基存在下に、ジアミン化合物と反応させることにより、目的のポリイミド前駆体を得ることができる。
本実施形態に用いられる(B)光重合開始剤について説明する。光重合開始剤としては、光ラジカル重合開始剤であることが好ましく、ベンゾフェノン、o-ベンゾイル安息香酸メチル、4-ベンゾイル-4’-メチルジフェニルケトン、ジベンジルケトン、フルオレノン等のベンゾフェノン誘導体、2,2’-ジエトキシアセトフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロピオフェノン、1-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルフェニルケトン等のアセトフェノン誘導体、チオキサントン、2-メチルチオキサントン、2-イソプロピルチオキサントン、ジエチルチオキサントン等のチオキサントン誘導体、ベンジル、ベンジルジメチルケタール、ベンジル-β-メトキシエチルアセタール等のベンジル誘導体、ベンゾイン、ベンゾインメチルエーテル等のベンゾイン誘導体、1-フェニル-1,2-ブタンジオン-2-(o-メトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(o-メトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(o-エトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(o-ベンゾイル)オキシム、1,3-ジフェニルプロパントリオン-2-(o-エトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-3-エトキシプロパントリオン-2-(o-ベンゾイル)オキシム等のオキシム類、N-フェニルグリシン等のN-アリールグリシン類、ベンゾイルパークロライド等の過酸化物類、芳香族ビイミダゾール類、チタノセン類、α-(n-オクタンスルフォニルオキシイミノ)-4-メトキシベンジルシアニド等の光酸発生剤類等が好ましく挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。上記の光重合開始剤の中では、特に光感度の観点で、オキシム類がより好ましい。
本実施形態に用いられる(C)特定の構造を有するシランカップリング剤について説明する。
本実施の形態にかかる(C)特定の構造を有するシランカップリング剤は下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する。
一般式(1)において、aは、1~3の整数であれば限定されないが、金属再配線層との接着性などの観点から、2または3が好ましく、3がより好ましい。
nは1~6の整数であれば限定されないが、金属再配線層との接着性の観点から、1以上4以下が好ましい。現像性の観点から、2以上5以下が好ましい。
R21は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であれば限定されない。メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、t―ブチル基などを例示することができる。
R22は、ヒドロキシル基、または炭素数1~4のアルキル基であれば限定されない。炭素数1~4のアルキル基としては、R21と同様のアルキル基を例示することができる。
R20は、エポキシ基、フェニルアミノ基、ウレイド基、イソシアネート基を含む置換基であれば限定されない。これらの中で、現像性や金属再配線層の接着性の観点から、フェニルアミノ基を含む置換基、およびウレイド基を含む置換基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、フェニルアミノ基を含む置換基がより好ましい。
エポキシ基を含有するシランカップリング剤としては、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、などを例示することができる。
フェニルアミノ基を含有するシランカップリング剤としては、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランを例示することができる。
ウレイド基を含有するシランカップリング剤としては、3-ウレイドプロピルトリアルコキシシランを例示することができる
イソシアネート基を含有するシランカップリング剤としては、3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシランを例示することができる。
本実施の形態にかかる有機溶媒は、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール, アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、及びε―カプロラクトンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含有すれば限定されない。上記有機溶媒を含むことにより、封止材との密着性を十分に発現しうる。その中で、(A)ポリイミド前駆体の溶解性の観点から、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール, アセト酢酸エチル、ε―カプロラクトンが好ましく、銅表面ボイド抑制の観点から、上記群から選択される有機溶媒を少なくとも2種含むことがより好ましい。
従来、ポリイミド前駆体を含む感光性樹脂組成物を溶解させる有機溶媒は、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンやN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド系溶媒が用いられてきた。これらの溶媒は、ポリイミド前駆体の溶解能は極めて高いものの、近年求められている加熱硬化温度が低温(例えば200℃未満)の場合には、生成するポリイミドとの親和性が高いためにフィルム中に多量に残存する傾向にある。そのため、上記(C)特定の構造を有するシランカップリング剤との相互作用などにより、性能を低下させてしまう。一方で、上記の溶媒を含むことにより、加熱硬化温度が低温となっても、加熱硬化後にフィルムに残存する溶媒を十分に低減することができるために、封止材との密着性が良好である傾向にある。
本実施形態のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、上記(A)~(D)成分以外の成分をさらに含有していてもよい。特に、加熱硬化温度の低温化に対応するため、(E)熱塩基発生剤を含むことがより好ましい。
塩基発生剤とは、加熱することで塩基を発生する化合物をいう。熱塩基発生剤を含有することで、感光性樹脂組成物のイミド化をさらに促進することができる。
(A)~(E)成分以外の成分としては、限定されないが、含窒素複素環化合物、ヒンダードフェノール化合物、有機チタン化合物、増感剤、光重合性不飽和モノマー、熱重合禁止剤等が挙げられる。
本実施形態のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を用いて銅又は銅合金から成る基板上に硬化膜を形成する場合には、銅上の変色を抑制するために、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、含窒素複素環化合物を任意に含んでよい。具体的には、アゾール化合物、及びプリン誘導体等が挙げられる。
また、銅表面上の変色を抑制するために、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、ヒンダードフェノール化合物を任意に含んでもよい。ヒンダードフェノール化合物としては、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,5-ジ-t-ブチル-ハイドロキノン、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネ-ト、イソオクチル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、4、4’-メチレンビス(2、6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオ-ビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデン-ビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、トリエチレングリコール-ビス[3-(3-t-ブチル-5-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、1,6-ヘキサンジオール-ビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、2,2-チオ-ジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、N,N’-ヘキサメチレンビス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-ヒドロシンナマミド)、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、ペンタエリスリチル-テトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、トリス-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)-イソシアヌレイト、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン、1,3,5-トリス(3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチル-4-イソプロピルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-s-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス[4-(1-エチルプロピル)-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル]-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス[4-トリエチルメチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル]-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチル-4-フェニルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,5,6-トリメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-5-エチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-6-エチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-6-エチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,5-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-5,6-ジエチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,5-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-5‐エチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン等が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。これらの中でも、1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン等が特に好ましい。
本実施形態のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、有機チタン化合物を含有してもよい。有機チタン化合物を含有することにより、低温で硬化した場合であっても耐薬品性に優れる感光性樹脂層を形成できる。
有機チタン化合物の具体的例を以下のI)~VII)に示す:
I)チタンキレート化合物:中でも、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の保存安定性及び良好なパターンが得られることから、アルコキシ基を2個以上有するチタンキレートがより好ましい。具体的な例は、チタニウムビス(トリエタノールアミン)ジイソプロポキサイド、チタニウムジ(n-ブトキサイド)ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(エチルアセトアセテート)等である。
IV)モノアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムトリス(ジオクチルホスフェート)イソプロポキサイド、チタニウムトリス(ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート)イソプロポキサイド等である。
VI)チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート等である。
VII)チタネートカップリング剤:例えば、イソプロピルトリドデシルベンゼンスルホニルチタネート等である。
本実施形態のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、光感度を向上させるために、増感剤を任意に含んでもよい。該増感剤としては、例えば、ミヒラーズケトン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン、2,5-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロペンタン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロヘキサノン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)-4-メチルシクロヘキサノン、4,4’-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)カルコン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)カルコン、p-ジメチルアミノシンナミリデンインダノン、p-ジメチルアミノベンジリデンインダノン、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビフェニレン)-ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)イソナフトチアゾール、1,3-ビス(4’-ジメチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、1,3-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、3,3’-カルボニル-ビス(7-ジエチルアミノクマリン)、3-アセチル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-ベンジロキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-メトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、N-フェニル-N’-エチルエタノールアミン、N-フェニルジエタノールアミン、N-p-トリルジエタノールアミン、N-フェニルエタノールアミン、4-モルホリノベンゾフェノン、ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、ジエチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、1-フェニル-5-メルカプトテトラゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズオキサゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ナフト(1,2-d)チアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノベンゾイル)スチレン等が挙げられる。これらは単独で又は例えば2~5種類の組合せで用いることができる。
ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、レリーフパターンの解像性を向上させるために、光重合性の不飽和結合を有するモノマーを任意に含んでもよい。このようなモノマーとしては、光重合開始剤によりラジカル重合反応する(メタ)アクリル化合物が好ましく、特に以下に限定するものではないが、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレートなどの、エチレングリコール又はポリエチレングリコールのモノ又はジアクリレート及びメタクリレート、プロピレングリコール又はポリプロピレングリコールのモノ又はジアクリレート及びメタクリレート、グリセロールのモノ、ジ又はトリアクリレート及びメタクリレート、シクロヘキサンジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールAのモノ又はジアクリレート及びメタクリレート、ベンゼントリメタクリレート、イソボルニルアクリレート及びメタクリレート、アクリルアミド及びその誘導体、メタクリルアミド及びその誘導体、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート及びメタクリレート、グリセロールのジ又はトリアクリレート及びメタクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールのジ、トリ、又はテトラアクリレート及びメタクリレート、並びにこれら化合物のエチレンオキサイド又はプロピレンオキサイド付加物等の化合物を挙げることができる。
また、本実施形態のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物は、特に溶剤を含む溶液の状態での保存時のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の粘度及び光感度の安定性を向上させるために、熱重合禁止剤を任意に含んでもよい。熱重合禁止剤としては、例えば、ヒドロキノン、N-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、p-tert-ブチルカテコール、フェノチアジン、N-フェニルナフチルアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン四酢酸、グリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-メチルフェノール、5-ニトロソ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-5-(N-エチル-N-スルホプロピルアミノ)フェノール、N-ニトロソ-N-フェニルヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩、N-ニトロソ-N(1-ナフチル)ヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩等が用いられる。
また、本発明は、(1)上述した本実施形態のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布して、感光性樹脂層を上記基板上に形成する工程と、(2)上記感光性樹脂層を露光する工程と、(3)露光後の上記感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターンを形成する工程と、(4)上記レリーフパターンを加熱処理して、硬化レリーフパターンを形成する工程とを含む、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法を提供する。
本工程では、本発明のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布し、必要に応じて、その後乾燥させて、感光性樹脂層を形成する。塗布方法としては、従来から感光性樹脂組成物の塗布に用いられていた方法、例えば、スピンコーター、バーコーター、ブレードコーター、カーテンコーター、スクリーン印刷機等で塗布する方法、スプレーコーターで噴霧塗布する方法等を用いることができる。
本工程では、上記で形成したネガ型感光性樹脂層を、コンタクトアライナー、ミラープロジェクション、ステッパー等の露光装置を用いて、パターンを有するフォトマスク又はレチクルを介して又は直接に、紫外線光源等により露光する。
本工程では、露光後の感光性樹脂層のうち未露光部を現像除去する。露光(照射)後の感光性樹脂層を現像する現像方法としては、従来知られているフォトレジストの現像方法、例えば、回転スプレー法、パドル法、超音波処理を伴う浸漬法等の中から任意の方法を選択して使用することができる。また、現像の後、レリーフパターンの形状を調整する等の目的で、必要に応じて、任意の温度及び時間の組合せによる現像後ベークを施してもよい。
本工程では、上記現像により得られたレリーフパターンを加熱して感光成分を希散させるとともに、(A)ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させることによって、ポリイミドから成る硬化レリーフパターンに変換する。加熱硬化の方法としては、例えば、ホットプレートによるもの、オーブンを用いるもの、温度プログラムを設定できる昇温式オーブンを用いるもの等種々の方法を選ぶことができる。加熱は、例えば、170℃~400℃で30分~5時間の条件で行うことができる。加熱硬化時の雰囲気気体としては、空気を用いてもよく、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガスを用いることもできる。
上記ポリイミド前駆体組成物から形成される硬化レリーフパターンに含まれるポリイミドの構造は、下記一般式(8)で表される。
一般式(2)中の好ましいX1とY1は、同じ理由により、一般式(8)のポリイミドにおいても好ましい。一般式(8)の繰り返し単位数mは、正の整数であればよく、特に限定は無いが、2~150の整数、又は3~140の整数であってもよい。
本実施形態では、上述した硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有する、半導体装置も提供される。したがって、半導体素子である基材と、上述した硬化レリーフパターン製造方法により該基材上に形成されたポリイミドの硬化レリーフパターンとを有する半導体装置が提供されることができる。また、本発明は、基材として半導体素子を用い、上述した硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法を工程の一部として含む半導体装置の製造方法にも適用できる。本発明の半導体装置は、上記硬化レリーフパターン製造方法で形成される硬化レリーフパターンを、表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、再配線用絶縁膜、フリップチップ装置用保護膜、又はバンプ構造を有する半導体装置の保護膜等として形成し、既知の半導体装置の製造方法と組合せることで製造することができる。
本実施形態では、表示体素子と該表示体素子の上部に設けられた硬化膜とを備える表示体装置であって、該硬化膜は上述の硬化レリーフパターンである表示体装置が提供される。ここで、当該硬化レリーフパターンは、当該表示体素子に直接接して積層されていてもよく、別の層を間に挟んで積層されていてもよい。例えば、該硬化膜として、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)液晶表示素子及びカラーフィルター素子の表面保護膜、絶縁膜、及び平坦化膜、マルチドメイン垂直配向(MVA)型液晶表示装置用の突起、並びに有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)素子陰極用の隔壁を挙げることができる。
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。実施例、比較例、及び製造例における感光性樹脂組成物の物性は、以下の方法に従って測定及び評価した。
各感光性樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法(標準ポリスチレン換算)により測定した。測定に用いたカラムは昭和電工社製 商標名 Shodex 805M/806M直列であり、標準単分散ポリスチレンは、昭和電工(株)製Shodex STANDARD SM-105を選び、展開溶媒はN-メチル-2-ピロリドンであり、検出器は昭和電工製 商標名 Shodex RI-930を使用した。
6インチシリコンウエハ(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて200nm厚のTi、400nm厚のCuをこの順にスパッタし、スパッタCuウエハ基板を準備した。
ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を、スピンコート装置(D-spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)を使用して上記スパッタCuウエハ基板にスピンコートし、110℃で180秒間加熱乾燥して、膜厚10μm±0.2μmのスピンコート膜を作製した。
次いで、スパッタCuウエハ上に形成した塗膜を、シクロペンタノンを用いて現像機(D-SPIN636型、大日本スクリーン社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートでリンスしてポリアミド酸エステルの丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンを得た。なお、スプレー現像の現像時間は、上記10μmのスピンコート膜において、未露光部の樹脂組成物が現像する最小時間の1.4倍の時間と定義した。
(I)パターン開口部の面積が、対応するパターンマスク開口面積の1/2以上である。
(II)パターン断面がすそびきしておらず、アンダーカットや膨潤、ブリッジングが起こっていない。
エポキシ系封止材として、長瀬ケムテックス社製のR4000シリーズを用意した。次いで、アルミスパッタしたシリコンウエハ上に封止材を厚みが約150μmになるようにスピンコートし、130℃で熱硬化させてエポキシ系封止材を硬化させた。上記エポキシ系硬化膜上に、各実施例、及び各比較例で作製したネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を最終膜厚が10μmになるように塗布した。塗布した感光性樹脂組成物膜を、300mJ/cm2、の露光条件で全面を露光した。その後、230℃、2時間にて熱硬化させて、厚み10μmの1層目の硬化膜を作製した。
封止材劣化試験で作製したサンプルにピンを立て、引取試験機(クワッドグループ社製、セバスチャン5型)を用いて密着性試験を行った。即ち、エポキシ系封止材と各実施例、及び各比較例で作製した感光性樹脂組成物から作製された硬化レリーフパターンとの密着性を試験した。
評価:接着強度70MPa以上・・・密着力◎
50MPa以上-70MPa未満・・・密着力○
30MPa以上-50MPa未満・・・密着力△
30MPa未満・・・密着力×
6インチシリコンウエハ(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて100nm厚のアルミニウム(Al)をスパッタし、スパッタAlウエハ基板を準備した。
ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を、スピンコート装置(D-spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)を使用して上記スパッタAlウエハ基板にスピンコートし、110℃で180秒間加熱乾燥して、膜厚10μm±0.2μmのスピンコート膜を作製した。その後、アライナ(PLA-501F、キャノン社製)を用いて露光量600mJ/cm2のghi線で全面露光し、縦型キュア炉(光洋リンドバーグ製、形式名VF-2000B)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で2時間の加熱硬化処理を施し、硬化膜を作製した。この硬化膜を、ダイシングソー(ディスコ製、型式名DAD-2H/6T)を用いて縦80mm、横60mmにカットし、10%塩酸水溶液に浸漬してシリコンウエハ上から剥離し、フィルムサンプルとした。
(測定方法)
摂動方式スプリットシリンダ共振器法
(装置構成)
ネットワークアナライザ:PNA Network analyzer E5224B(Agilent technologies社製)
スプリットシリンダ共振器:CR-710(関東電子応用開発社製)
測定周波数:約10GHz
IR測定は、上記(5)で得られたフィルムを、Scientific Nicolet iN10を用いて、ATR法にて700~4000cm-1の範囲をスキャン数50回で測定を行った。1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値、および1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値をそれぞれ求めることにより、(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)の値を算出した。
なお、それぞれのピーク値は、1380cm-1、1500cm-1の±10cm-1の中で最も大きいピークとした。
6インチシリコンウエハ上に、硬化後の膜厚が約10μmとなるように感光性樹脂組成物を回転塗布し、110℃で180秒間ホットプレートにてプリベークを行った後、昇温プログラム式キュア炉(VF-2000型、光洋リンドバーグ社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で2時間加熱して硬化ポリイミド塗膜を得た。膜厚は膜厚測定装置、ラムダエース(大日本スクリーン社製)にて測定した。得られたポリイミド塗膜を削り取り、熱重量測定装置(島津社製、TGA-50)を用いて、室温から10℃/minで昇温した際に、230℃に到達した際の膜の重量をW230、350℃に到達した際の膜の重量をW350として、重量減少率は下記式で求められる。
重量減少率(%)=(W230-W350)×100/W230
6インチシリコンウエハ上に、硬化後の膜厚が約10μmとなるように感光性樹脂組成物を回転塗布し、110℃で180秒間ホットプレートにてプリベークを行った後、昇温プログラム式キュア炉(VF-2000型、光洋リンドバーグ社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、230℃で2時間加熱して硬化ポリイミド塗膜を得た。得られたポリイミド塗膜を短冊状に取り出し、熱脱着GC/MS測定を行った。
熱脱着GC/MSクロマトグラム中のCO2、H2Oを除いたすべてのピークの面積の和を100%とし、R1、R2に由来するピーク面積の割合を算出した。測定方法の詳細は下記の通りである。
測定装置:FRONTIER LAB PY2020iD(フロンティア・ラボ株式会社製)
熱脱着条件:350℃×30分
測定装置:Agilent6890/JEOL AM-SUN
カラム:DB-1(0.25mmi.d.×30m)
カラム温度:300℃×12分(昇温20℃/分)
カラム流量:1.0mL/分
注入口温度:300℃
インターフェース温度:300℃
イオン化法:電子イオン化法
試料量:約0.1mg
開始剤の濃度が100μM 、スピントラップ剤である5,5―dimethyl―1―pyrroline―N―oxide(DMPO)が100mM になるようDMSO溶媒に溶かした。それらを2mmΦ石英試料管に50μl入れ、UVを照射した後すぐに以下の条件でESR測定を実施した。UVランプは下記フィルタを用いて照射した。詳細は下記に示した。
装置 :Bruker 社製 E500
マイクロ波周波数 :9.87GHz (X-band)
マイクロ波パワー :10.0mW
中心磁場 :3517G
掃引磁場範囲 :120G
変調周波数 :100kHz
変調磁場振幅 :1.0G
測定温度 :25℃
掃引時間 :30s
積算回数 :4回
装置:浜松ホトニクス社製L9566-01A
仕様フィルタ:A9616-05
照射時間:1s
出力照射強度:40%
照射距離:24mm
照射面積:0.4cm2
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを2リットル容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)134.0g及びγ―ブチロラクトン400mlを加えて室温下で攪拌しながらピリジン79.1gを加えて、反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後、室温まで放冷し、更に16時間静置した。
このポリマーA-1の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、22,000であり、イミド基濃度は、19.4%であった。
上記製造例1において、BAPP175.9gに代えて、ビス{4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル}ケトン169.9gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-2を得た。
このポリマーA-2の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、21,000であり、イミド基濃度は、19.9%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)酸二無水物260.2gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-3を得た。
このポリマーA-3の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、26,000であり、イミド基濃度は、15.0%であった。
上記製造例2において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)酸二無水物260.2gを、BAPP175.9gに代えて、ビス{4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル}ケトン169.9gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-4を得た。
このポリマーA-4の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、25,000であり、イミド基濃度は、15.3%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、ODPA77.6g、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)酸二無水物130.1gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-5を得た。
このポリマーA-5の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、24,000であり、イミド基濃度は、17.0%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、BPDA73.6g、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)酸二無水物130.1gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-6を得た。
このポリマーA-6の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、24,000であり、イミド基濃度は、17.1%であった。
上記製造例1において、HEMA134.0gに代えて、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル148.43gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-7を得た。
このポリマーA-7の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、24,000であり、イミド基濃度は、19.4%であった。
上記製造例1において、HEMA134.0gに代えて、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシブチル162.86gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-7を得た。
このポリマーA-8の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、26,000であり、イミド基濃度は、19.4%であった。
上記製造例1において、BAPP175.9gに代えて、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)-3-メチルフェニル]プロパン187.92gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-9を得た。
このポリマーA-9の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、22,000であり、イミド基濃度は、18.7%であった。
上記製造例1において、BAPP175.9gに代えて、ビス{4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル}スルホン185.32g用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-10を得た。
このポリマーA-10の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、23,000であり、イミド基濃度は、18.9%であった。
上記製造例1において、BAPP175.9gに代えて、2,2-ビス{4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル}ヘキサフルオロプロパン222.15gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-11を得た。
このポリマーA-11の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、23,000であり、イミド基濃度は、16.9%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)酸二無水物260.2gを用い、BAPP175.9gに代えて1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)-2,3,5-トリメチルベンゼン143.29gに代えた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-12を得た。
このポリマーA-12の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、22,000であり、イミド基濃度は、16.4%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、4,4‘-(4,4’-イソプロピリデンジフェノキシ)酸二無水物260.2gを用い、BAPP175.9gに代えて1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)-2,5-ジ―t-ブチルベンゼン173.34gに代えた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-13を得た。
このポリマーA-13の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、24,000であり、イミド基濃度は、15.1%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、デカンジオールビス(トリメリット酸モノエステル酸無水物)268.26gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-14を得た。
このポリマーA-14の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、22,000であり、イミド基濃度は、14.8%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、4,4‘-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)ビフェニル酸二無水物239.2gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-15を得た。
このポリマーA-15の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、27,000であり、イミド基濃度は、15.8%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、BPDA147.1gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-16を得た。
このポリマーA-16の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、23,000であり、イミド基濃度は、19.9%であった。
上記製造例1において、BAPP175.9gに代えて、BAPP87.8g、BAPB78.8gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-17を得た。
このポリマーA-17の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、24,000であり、イミド基濃度は、20.0%であった。
上記製造例1において、ODPA155.1gに代えて、BPDA147.1gを、BAPP175.9gに代えて、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)-3-メチルフェニル]プロパン187.92gを用いた以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、ポリマーA-18を得た。
このポリマーA-18の重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、25,000であり、イミド基濃度は、19.1%であった。
上記製造例1において、BAPP175.9gに代えて、ジアミノジフェニルエーテル85.8gを用いて以外は、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行うことにより、A-19を得た。重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定したところ、22,000であり、イミド基濃度は、27.4%であった。
ラジカル発生量は、27.9μMであった。
光重合開始剤B2:1、2-プロパンジオン-3-シクロペンチル-1-[4-(フェニルチオ)フェニル]-2-(Oベンゾイルオキシム)(商品名:PBG-305、常州強力電子社製)ラジカル発生量は、8.0μMであった。
光重合開始剤B3:1-[4-(フェニルチオ)フェニル]-3-プロパン-1,2-ジオン―2-(O-アセチルオキシム)(商品名:PBG-3057、常州強力電子社製)ラジカル発生量は、10.6μMであった。
光重合開始剤B4:1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(O-エトキシカルボニル)-オキシム。ラジカル発生量は、0.8μMであった。
溶媒C1:γ―ブチロラクトン
溶媒C2:ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)
溶媒C3:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
その他成分
M4G:テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート
(A)成分として、ポリマーA-1を100g及び(B)成分として光重合開始剤B1(2g)、γ―ブチロラクトン及びDMSOからなる混合溶媒(重量比75:25)に溶解し、粘度が約35ポイズになるように溶媒の量を調整することにより、感光性樹脂組成物溶液とした。
この組成物について、上述の方法により評価した。評価結果は表2に示した。
表1に記載の割合で樹脂組成物溶液とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で評価を行った。評価結果は表2に示した。
反射特性(電気特性)を評価し、アンテナ単独である300GHzとの乖離が5GHz未満であるものを○、5GHz以上10GHz未満のものを△、10GHz以上のものを×とした。尚、ここで反射特性とは、アンテナへ電力を入力する入力ポートへの入力電力に対して、アンテナで反射して入力ポートに戻ってきた電力量の割合を表す。
その結果、実施例1~29ではすべて〇であり、比較例1が△、比較例2が×となった。
(1)重量平均分子量
各樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)を、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法(標準ポリスチレン換算)を用いて以下の条件下で測定した。
ポンプ:JASCO PU-980
検出器:JASCO RI-930
カラムオーブン:JASCO CO-965 40℃
カラム:昭和電工(株)製Shodex KD-806M 直列に2本、又は
昭和電工(株)製Shodex 805M/806M直列
標準単分散ポリスチレン:昭和電工(株)製Shodex STANDARD SM-105
移動相:0.1mol/L LiBr/N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)
流速:1mL/min.
6インチシリコンウェハー(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて200nm厚のTi、400nm厚のCuをこの順にスパッタした。続いて、このウェハー上に、後述の方法により調製したネガ型感光性樹脂組成物をコーターデベロッパー(D-Spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いて回転塗布し、110℃で180秒間ホットプレートにてプリベークを行い、約7μm厚の塗膜を形成した。この塗膜に、テストパターン付マスクを用いて、プリズマGHI(ウルトラテック社製)により500mJ/cm2のエネルギーを照射した。次いで、この塗膜を、現像液としてシクロペンタノンを用いてコーターデベロッパー(D-Spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートで、リンスすることにより、Cu上のレリーフパターンを得た。
Cu上に該レリーフパターンを形成したウェハーを、昇温プログラム式キュア炉(VF-2000型、光洋リンドバーグ社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、表3に記載のキュア温度で2時間加熱処理することにより、Cu上に約4~5μm厚の樹脂から成る硬化レリーフパターンを得た。
上記の方法で得た硬化レリーフパターンを光学顕微鏡下で観察し、最少開口パターンのサイズを求めた。このとき、得られたパターンの開口部の面積が、対応するパターンマスク開口面積の1/2以上であれば解像されたものとみなし、解像された開口部のうち最小面積を有するものに対応するマスク開口辺の長さを解像度とした。
解像度が10μm未満のものを「優」、10μm以上14μm未満のものを「良」、14μm以上18μm未満のものを「可」、18μm以上のものを「不可」とした。
Cu上に該硬化レリーフパターンを形成したウェハーを、昇温プログラム式キュア炉(VF-2000型、光洋リンドバーグ社製)を用いて、空気中、150℃で168時間加熱した。続いて、プラズマ表面処理装置(EXAM型、神港精機社製)を用いて、Cu上の樹脂層を全てプラズマエッチングにより除去した。プラズマエッチング条件は下記のとおりである。
出力:133W
ガス種・流量:O2:40mL/分 + CF4:1mL/分
ガス圧:50Pa
モード:ハードモード
エッチング時間:1800秒
Cu上に形成した該硬化レリーフパターンを、レジスト剥離液{ATMI社製、製品名ST-44、主成分:2-(2-アミノエトキシ)エタノール、及び1-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドン}を50℃に加熱したものに5分間浸漬し、流水で1分間洗浄し、風乾した。その後、膜表面を光学顕微鏡で目視観察し、クラック等の薬液によるダメージの有無、及び/又は薬液処理後の膜厚の変化率に基づいて耐薬品性を評価した。評価基準として、クラック等のダメージが発生せず、膜厚変化率が薬品浸漬前の膜厚を基準として10%以内のものを「優」、10~15%のものを「良」、15~20%のものを「可」とし、クラックが発生したもの、または膜厚変化率が20%を超えるものを「不可」とした。
エポキシ系封止材として長瀬ケムテックス社製のR4000シリーズを用意した。
次いで、アルミスパッタしたシリコーンウエハー上に封止材を厚みが約150ミクロンになるようにスピンコートし、130℃で熱硬化させてエポキシ系封止材を硬化させた。 上記エポキシ系硬化膜上に実施例、比較例で作製した感光性樹脂組成物を最終膜厚が10ミクロンになるように塗布した。塗布した感光性樹脂組成物を500mJ/cm2の露光条件で全面を露光した後、180℃2時間熱硬化させて、厚み10ミクロンの1層目の硬化膜を作製した。
上記1層目の硬化膜上に1層目の硬化膜形成で使用した感光性樹脂組成物を塗布し、1層目の硬化膜作製時と同じ条件で全面を露光した後、熱硬化させて、厚み10ミクロンの2層目の硬化膜を作製した。
上記サンプルの感光性樹脂硬化膜上にエポキシ樹脂を塗布し、続いてピンを立て、引取試験機(クワッドグループ社製、セバスチャン5型)を用いて密着性試験を行った。以下の基準に従い、評価した。
評価:接着強度70MPa以上:密着力 優
50MPa以上-70MPa未満:密着力 良
30MPa以上-50MPa未満:密着力 可
30MPa未満:密着力 不可
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを2L容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)131.2gとγ-ブチロラクトン400mLを入れて室温下で攪拌し、攪拌しながらピリジン81.5gを加えて反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後に反応混合物を室温まで放冷し、16時間放置した。
次に、氷冷下において、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)206.3gをγ-ブチロラクトン180mLに溶解した溶液を攪拌しながら40分掛けて反応混合物に加え、続いて4,4’-オキシジアニリン(ODA)93.0gをγ-ブチロラクトン350mLに懸濁したものを攪拌しながら60分掛けて加えた。更に室温で2時間攪拌した後、エチルアルコール30mLを加えて1時間攪拌し、次に、γ-ブチロラクトン400mLを加えた。反応混合物に生じた沈殿物をろ過により取り除き、反応液を得た。
製造例1の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gに代えて、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)147.1gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(A-2)を得た。ポリマー(A-2)の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は22,000であった。
製造例1の4,4’-オキシジアニリン(ODA)93.0gに代えて、p-フェニレンジアミン50.2gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(A-3)を得た。ポリマー(A-3)の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は19,000であった。
製造例1の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物をフルオレン酸二無水物(229.2g)、4,4’-オキシジアニリンを2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン(TFMB)(148.5g)に変えた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(A-4)を得た。ポリマー(A-4)の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は12,000であった。
製造例1の4,4’-オキシジアニリン(ODA)93.0gに代えて、2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(m-TB)98.6gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(A-5)を得た。ポリマー(A-5)の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は21,000であった。
容量1Lのナス型フラスコ中へ、ジエチレングリコールビス(3-アミノプロピル)エーテル(東京化成工業株式会社製)100gとエタノール100gを加えてスターラーで混合撹拌して均一溶液とし、氷水で5℃以下に冷却した。これに、二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル(東京化成工業株式会社製)215gをエタノール120gに溶解したものを滴下ロートにより滴下した。この際、反応液温が50℃以下を保つように滴下速度を調整しながら滴下を行った。滴下終了から2時間後、反応液を50℃で3時間減圧濃縮することにより、目的の化合物E-1を得た。
ポリマーA-1を用いて以下の方法でネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を調製し、調製した組成物の評価を行った。(A)ポリイミド前駆体としてポリマーA-1:100g、(B)光重合開始剤として1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(O-エトキシカルボニル)-オキシム(光重合開始剤B-1に該当):3gを、(C)KBM-403(1.5g)(D)有機溶剤γ-ブチルラクトン(以下ではGBLと表記):150gに溶解した。得られた溶液の粘度を、少量のGBLをさらに加えることによって、約30ポイズに調整し、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物とした。該組成物を、前述の方法に従って評価した。結果を表3に示す。
表3に示すとおりの成分と配合比で調製すること以外は、実施例1と同様のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を調製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。その結果を表3に示す。表3に記載されている、化合物はそれぞれ以下のとおりである。
C-1:3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(KBM-403)
C-2:N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(KBM-573)
C-3:3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン(KBE-585)
C-4:3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン(KBE-9007)
C-5:3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(KBM-903)
D-1:γ-ブチルラクトン(以下ではGBLと表記)
D-2:ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)
E-1:製造例5で表される化合物
E-2:1-(tert-ブトキシカルボニル)-4-ヒドロキシピペリジン(東京化成工業株式会社製)
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、例えば半導体装置、多層配線基板等の電気・電子材料の製造に有用な感光性材料の分野において、好適に利用できる。
本発明によるネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を用いることで、高い耐薬品性と解像性を持つ硬化レリーフパターンを得ることができ、かつ、Cu表面のボイド発生を抑制することができる。本発明は、例えば半導体装置、多層配線基板等の電気・電子材料の製造に有用な感光性材料の分野で好適に利用できる。
Claims (35)
- (A)側鎖に不飽和二重結合を有するポリイミド前駆体と、(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤、とを含むネガ型感光性樹脂組成物であって、
前記(A)を230℃で加熱硬化させた時のIRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が0.1~0.56であり、
前記(B)の100μMジメチルスルホキシド溶液に100mJ/cm2を照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMであることを特徴とする、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が、0.3~0.54である、請求項1に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ラジカル発生量が5.0~30.0μMである、請求項1または2に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ラジカル発生量が8.0~30.0μMである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ラジカル発生量が10.0~30.0μMである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 更に(C)溶媒を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)が15,000~38,000である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(R1)におけるpが、3~10である、請求項7~13のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 230℃で2時間加熱硬化させた硬化膜を、350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%であって、該重量減少成分中の、前記一般式(A1)におけるR1、R2に由来する割合が60~80%である、請求項7~14のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 下記一般式(A1):
(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤と、(C)溶媒と、を含むことを特徴とするネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)が15,000~38,000である、請求項16に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(A)を230℃で加熱硬化させた時のIRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が0.1~0.56であり、
前記(B)の100μMジメチルスルホキシド溶液に100mJ/cm2を照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMである請求項16~18のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 下記一般式(A1):
(B)オキシム構造を有する光重合開始剤と、(C)溶媒と、を含有することを特徴とするネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記(A)を230℃で加熱硬化させた時のIRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が0.1~0.56であり、
前記(B)の100μMジメチルスルホキシド溶液に100mJ/cm2を照射した際のラジカル発生量が3.0~30.0μMである、請求項20~22のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記(C)溶媒が、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、ε―カプロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル―2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項6~24のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(C)溶媒が、γ―ブチロラクトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、アセト酢酸エチル、こはく酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、N,N-ジメチルアセトアセトアミド、ε―カプロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル―2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも2種である、請求項6~25のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 更に(D)重合禁止剤を含有する、請求項1~26のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~27のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を硬化することを含む、ポリイミドの製造方法。
- 以下の工程:
(1)請求項1~27のいずれか1項に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布し、該基板上に感光性樹脂層を形成する塗布工程と、
(2)該感光性樹脂層を露光する露光工程と、
(3)該露光後の感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターンを形成する現像工程と、
(4)該レリーフパターンを加熱処理することによって硬化レリーフパターンを形成する加熱工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。 - 請求項29に記載の製造方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有してなることを特徴とする、半導体装置。
- 下記一般式(A1);
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%であり、該重量減少成分中の、前記一般式(A1)におけるR1、R2に由来する割合が60~80%である硬化膜。 - 下記一般式(A1);
前記硬化膜中のポリイミドのイミド基濃度が、12.0%~25.0%であって、
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%である、硬化膜。 - IRスペクトルの(1380cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)/(1500cm-1付近の吸収ピーク値)が、0.3~0.54である、請求項31に記載の硬化膜。
- 10GHzの誘電正接が0.001~0.009である、請求項31~33のいずれか1項に記載の硬化膜。
- 下記一般式(A1);
前記硬化膜中のポリイミドのイミド基濃度が、12.0%~25.0%であって、
前記硬化膜の350℃で加熱した時の重量減少率が0.5~3.0%である、硬化膜の製造方法であって、
感光性のポリイミド前駆体を含む組成物を膜状とする塗膜工程
前記ポリイミド前駆体を含む膜をポリイミド化するキュア工程
を少なくとも有し、
前記キュア工程は、150~250℃での加熱工程を含む、ポリイミド硬化膜の製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/630,387 US20220291585A1 (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | Negative photosensitive resin composition, production method for polyimide, production method for cured relief pattern, and semiconductor device |
KR1020217039667A KR20220004189A (ko) | 2019-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | 네거티브형 감광성 수지 조성물, 폴리이미드의 제조 방법, 경화 릴리프 패턴의 제조 방법, 및 반도체 장치 |
EP20846033.7A EP4006073A4 (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | NEGATIVE PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, POLYIMIDE MANUFACTURING METHOD, HARDENED RELIEF PATTERN MANUFACTURING METHOD AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE |
CN202080054993.4A CN114207522A (zh) | 2019-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | 负型感光性树脂组合物、聚酰亚胺的制造方法、固化浮雕图案的制造方法和半导体装置 |
JP2021535397A JP7431241B2 (ja) | 2019-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 |
JP2023187911A JP2024009002A (ja) | 2019-07-29 | 2023-11-01 | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019-138776 | 2019-07-29 | ||
JP2019138776 | 2019-07-29 | ||
JP2020-036961 | 2020-03-04 | ||
JP2020036961 | 2020-03-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021020463A1 true WO2021020463A1 (ja) | 2021-02-04 |
Family
ID=74229971
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/029122 WO2021020463A1 (ja) | 2019-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220291585A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4006073A4 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP7431241B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20220004189A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN114207522A (ja) |
TW (2) | TWI761897B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2021020463A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022211082A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | 太陽インキ製造株式会社 | 感光性フィルム積層体、硬化物、およびプリント配線板 |
WO2022210466A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、積層体、硬化物の製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス、並びに、ポリイミド前駆体 |
KR20220167752A (ko) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-21 | 도오꾜오까고오교 가부시끼가이샤 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
KR20230048604A (ko) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-11 | 도오꾜오까고오교 가부시끼가이샤 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
WO2023190064A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、積層体、硬化物の製造方法、積層体の製造方法、半導体デバイスの製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス |
KR20240072266A (ko) | 2021-10-05 | 2024-05-23 | 도쿄 오카 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 블록 공중합체 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11454888B2 (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-09-27 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of manufacture |
US11854927B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2023-12-26 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor package and method of forming same |
US12009226B2 (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2024-06-11 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of forming same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015141618A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-24 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、並びに半導体装置 |
WO2017038598A1 (ja) | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 硬化膜の製造方法、再配線層用層間絶縁膜の製造方法、および、半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2018225676A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、半導体デバイスおよび化合物 |
JP2019109494A (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-04 | 旭化成株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE68919453T2 (de) * | 1988-08-24 | 1995-03-30 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Vorläufer für ein Polymid mit geringer thermischer Spannung und einen Polymidvorläufer enthaltende photopolymensierbare Zusammensetzung. |
JP2001338947A (ja) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-07 | Nec Corp | フリップチップ型半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US7459781B2 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2008-12-02 | Wen-Kun Yang | Fan out type wafer level package structure and method of the same |
KR100774672B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-07 | 2007-11-08 | 히다치 가세이듀퐁 마이쿠로시스데무즈 가부시키가이샤 | 포지티브형 감광성 수지 조성물, 패턴의 제조방법 및전자부품 |
TWI471360B (zh) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-02-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 感光型聚亞醯胺及負型光阻組成物 |
TWI534204B (zh) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-05-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 改質聚合物及包含其之組合物 |
US10831101B2 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-11-10 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Photosensitive resin composition, method for manufacturing cured relief pattern, and semiconductor apparatus |
TWI758415B (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2022-03-21 | 日商富士軟片股份有限公司 | 感光性樹脂組成物、含雜環聚合物前體、硬化膜、積層體、硬化膜的製造方法及半導體裝置 |
WO2018179330A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 日立化成デュポンマイクロシステムズ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、パターン硬化膜の製造方法、硬化物、層間絶縁膜、カバーコート層、表面保護膜、及び電子部品 |
KR101906064B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-10-08 | 송기용 | 저온경화 가능한 유기절연체 조성물 및 이를 이용한 유기절연막 제조방법 |
JP7331860B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-15 | 2023-08-23 | 日産化学株式会社 | 感光性絶縁膜組成物 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-29 WO PCT/JP2020/029122 patent/WO2021020463A1/ja unknown
- 2020-07-29 CN CN202080054993.4A patent/CN114207522A/zh active Pending
- 2020-07-29 EP EP20846033.7A patent/EP4006073A4/en active Pending
- 2020-07-29 TW TW109125562A patent/TWI761897B/zh active
- 2020-07-29 JP JP2021535397A patent/JP7431241B2/ja active Active
- 2020-07-29 TW TW111104999A patent/TWI797986B/zh active
- 2020-07-29 KR KR1020217039667A patent/KR20220004189A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2020-07-29 US US17/630,387 patent/US20220291585A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-11-01 JP JP2023187911A patent/JP2024009002A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015141618A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-24 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、並びに半導体装置 |
WO2017038598A1 (ja) | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 硬化膜の製造方法、再配線層用層間絶縁膜の製造方法、および、半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2018225676A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、半導体デバイスおよび化合物 |
JP2019109494A (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-04 | 旭化成株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP4006073A4 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022210466A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、積層体、硬化物の製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス、並びに、ポリイミド前駆体 |
WO2022211082A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | 太陽インキ製造株式会社 | 感光性フィルム積層体、硬化物、およびプリント配線板 |
KR20220167752A (ko) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-21 | 도오꾜오까고오교 가부시끼가이샤 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
KR20230048604A (ko) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-11 | 도오꾜오까고오교 가부시끼가이샤 | 감광성 수지 조성물 |
KR20240072266A (ko) | 2021-10-05 | 2024-05-23 | 도쿄 오카 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 블록 공중합체 |
WO2023190064A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、積層体、硬化物の製造方法、積層体の製造方法、半導体デバイスの製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI797986B (zh) | 2023-04-01 |
TW202111432A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
JPWO2021020463A1 (ja) | 2021-02-04 |
JP2024009002A (ja) | 2024-01-19 |
TWI761897B (zh) | 2022-04-21 |
EP4006073A1 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
EP4006073A4 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
KR20220004189A (ko) | 2022-01-11 |
TW202223541A (zh) | 2022-06-16 |
JP7431241B2 (ja) | 2024-02-14 |
US20220291585A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
CN114207522A (zh) | 2022-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7431241B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミドの製造方法、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 | |
JP6190805B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 | |
JP7210588B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたポリイミド及び硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP7393491B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物及びその製造方法、並びに硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP2016167036A (ja) | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法及び半導体装置 | |
JP2024019341A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物及びその製造方法 | |
JPWO2020004500A1 (ja) | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 | |
TWI753387B (zh) | 負型感光性樹脂組合物、聚醯亞胺之製造方法及硬化浮凸圖案之製造方法 | |
JP2019185031A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物及び硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP2023120167A (ja) | 感光性樹脂組成物、ポリイミド硬化膜、及びこれらの製造方法 | |
JP2021120698A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたポリイミド及び硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP2020064205A (ja) | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP7502384B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 | |
JP7445443B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物及びその製造方法、並びに硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP7488659B2 (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いたポリイミド及び硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 | |
JP2019066754A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法、及び半導体装置 | |
JP2021117442A (ja) | 感光性樹脂組成物 | |
JP2024031928A (ja) | ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物及び硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 20846033 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021535397 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20217039667 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020846033 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20220228 |