WO2021020121A1 - 熱暴走抑制剤 - Google Patents
熱暴走抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021020121A1 WO2021020121A1 PCT/JP2020/027457 JP2020027457W WO2021020121A1 WO 2021020121 A1 WO2021020121 A1 WO 2021020121A1 JP 2020027457 W JP2020027457 W JP 2020027457W WO 2021020121 A1 WO2021020121 A1 WO 2021020121A1
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- aqueous electrolyte
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- thermal runaway
- storage device
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/12—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal runaway inhibitor due to an internal short circuit of a non-aqueous electrolyte power storage device, and a method for suppressing thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit using the inhibitor.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium-ion secondary batteries are small and lightweight, have high energy density, have high capacity, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Therefore, portable personal computers, handy video cameras, information terminals, etc. It is widely used as a power source for portable electronic devices.
- electric vehicles using non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and hybrid vehicles using electric power as a part of power are being put into practical use.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is composed of members such as electrodes, separators, and non-aqueous electrolytes.
- a flammable organic solvent is used as the main solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte, and if a large amount of energy is released due to an internal short circuit, etc., thermal runaway will occur and there is a risk of ignition or explosion.
- Various measures are being considered. As such measures, a method of using a porous film containing a polyolefin as a main component as a separator (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2), and in addition to the separator, a porous heat-resistant layer is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a method of providing the electrode active material see, for example, Patent Document 3
- a method of coating the surface of the electrode active material with a metal oxide see, for example, Patent Document 4
- a method of using a lithium-containing nickel oxide as a positive electrode active material for example, Patent Document 5
- a method of using an olivine-type lithium phosphate compound as a positive electrode active material see, for example, Patent Document 6
- a method of using a spinel-structured lithium titanate compound as a negative electrode active material for example, Patent Document 7
- Patent Document 10 a method of using a nonflammable fluorine-based solvent as the main solvent of the non-aqueous electrolyte (see, for example, Patent Documents 8 and 9), and a method of using a solid electrolyte that does not use an organic solvent as the non-aqueous electrolyte (for example). , Patent Document 10) and the like are known.
- the separator thicker to prevent internal short circuit with the separator of the porous film containing polyolefin as the main component.
- the battery becomes larger by the amount of the porous heat-resistant layer, and the electrode activity
- the content of the electrode active material contained in the electrode mixture layer of the electrode is relatively reduced, and the capacity of the battery is reduced, both of which are small, lightweight, and have a high capacity. The advantage of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is lost.
- the phosphate ester compound is known as a flame retardant, and a lithium ion secondary battery having a non-aqueous electrolyte containing the phosphate ester compound is also known.
- the alkyl phosphate compound has an effect of improving flame retardancy, the effect of suppressing thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit is insufficient (see, for example, Patent Documents 11 to 13), and the aryl phosphate compound is excessive.
- the effect of suppressing thermal runaway during charging is known (see, for example, Patent Document 14), but the effect of suppressing thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit is not known.
- An object of the present invention is the addition for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device, which is less likely to cause thermal runaway and has a low risk of ignition or explosion even if an internal short circuit occurs, without increasing the size or significantly increasing the cost. To provide the agent.
- the present inventors have obtained an aryl phosphate ester compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte even in a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device having a non-aqueous electrolyte using an organic solvent as a solvent.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that thermal runaway is unlikely to occur and ignition or rupture due to an internal short circuit can be prevented. That is, the present invention is a thermal runaway inhibitor for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device composed of a phosphoric acid ester compound represented by the following general formula (1), and the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device contains a positive electrode active material.
- thermal runaway inhibitor having a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the thermal runaway is a thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit of the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- X 1 is represented by the general formula (2) or the general formula (3). Represents the group to be, and a represents 0 or a number from 1 to 4)
- R 5 to R 8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X 2 is a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfinyl group and a sulfonyl group.
- a group or a group represented by the following general formula (4) is represented, b represents a number of 0 or 1, and * represents a bond.
- R 9 to R 10 are independently hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl fluoride groups having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or carbons in which R 9 and R 10 are crosslinked. It represents a hydrocarbon group of the number 5 to 12, and * represents a bond.
- R 11 to R 14 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and * indicates a bond. Represent.
- thermal runaway inhibitor By using the thermal runaway inhibitor according to the present invention, it is compact, lightweight, and has a high capacity without increasing the size and cost significantly. Even if an internal short circuit occurs, thermal runaway is unlikely to occur, and there is a risk of ignition or explosion. It is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte power storage device having less property.
- the present invention is a thermal runaway inhibitor for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device, which comprises a phosphoric acid ester compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device has a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the thermal runaway is a thermal runaway caused by an internal short circuit of the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device. is there.
- the phosphoric acid ester compound represented by the general formula (1) may be referred to as the phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a secondary butyl group, and a t-butyl group.
- a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and an ethyl group are preferable, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom is the most preferable, because the effect of suppressing thermal runaway is large.
- X 1 represents a group represented by the following general formula (2) or general formula (3).
- R 5 to R 8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X 2 is a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfinyl group and a sulfonyl group.
- a group or a group represented by the following general formula (4) is represented, b represents a number of 0 or 1, and * represents a bond.
- R 9 to R 10 are independently hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl fluoride groups having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or carbons in which R 9 and R 10 are crosslinked. It represents a hydrocarbon group of the number 5 to 12, and * represents a bond.
- R 11 to R 14 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and * indicates a bond. Represent.
- R 5 to R 8 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include the alkyl group exemplified by R 1 to R 4 of the general formula (1).
- R 5 to R 8 a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and an ethyl group are preferable, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom is the most preferable, because the effect of suppressing thermal runaway is large.
- X 2 represents a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, or a group represented by the general formula (4), b represents a number of 0 or 1, and * represents a bond. ..
- R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or R 9 and R, respectively.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a secondary butyl group, a t-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a secondary pentyl group.
- T-pentyl group hexyl group, secondary hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-methylhexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclopentyl group.
- Groups, 2-norbornyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms examples include a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2-fluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group and a perfluoroethyl group. Can be mentioned.
- X 2 is a cyclohexylidene group [lower formula (5)], a 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene group [lower formula (6)], Examples thereof include hydrocarbon groups having an octahydro-4,7-methano-5H-indene-5-iriden group [lower formula (7)] and a 9H-fluorene-9-iriden group [lower formula (8)].
- R 11 to R 14 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and * indicates Represents a bond.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms include the hydrocarbon group exemplified by the general formula (2) and the alkyl fluoride group.
- a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and an ethyl group are preferable, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom is the most preferable, because the effect of suppressing thermal runaway is large.
- a direct bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfonyl group, and a group represented by the general formula (4) are preferable because they have a large effect of suppressing thermal runaway.
- X 2 is not a group represented by the general formula (4), a direct bond and an oxygen atom are more preferable, and a direct bond is even more preferable.
- R 9 and R 10 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group and an ethyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- a represents 0 or a number from 1 to 4.
- a may be a mixture of compounds having different numbers of repeating units, and in the case of a mixture, a represents an average number.
- the number of a is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 2, more preferably 1.0 to 1.7, and even more preferably 1.1 to 1.6.
- the compounds represented by the formulas (9), (10), (11), (12) and (16) are preferable.
- a compound having a of 1.2 is preferable.
- a compound having a of 1.2 is preferable.
- the phosphoric acid ester compound represented by the above general formula (1) can be obtained by a known means.
- the compound in which a is 0 in the general formula (1) can be obtained by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a compound having a hydroxyl group of 1 on the benzene ring, for example, phenol, cresol or the like under predetermined conditions.
- the compound in which a is 1 to 4 in the general formula (1) is a compound having 2 hydroxyl groups in the benzene ring, for example, hydroquinone, resorcinol, bisphenol A, biphenol F, etc., in an excess amount of phosphorus oxychloride.
- the compound in which a is 1 to 4 in the general formula (1) is a compound in which a is 0 in the general formula (1) and a compound having 2 hydroxyl groups in the benzene ring. It can be obtained by a so-called ester exchange reaction in which a compound having a hydroxyl group is removed and reacted.
- the phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention is blended with a non-aqueous electrolyte as a thermal runaway inhibitor.
- the content of the phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Most preferably 0.1% by mass to 3% by mass.
- the content of the phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention in the non-aqueous electrolyte is too small, a sufficient effect of suppressing thermal runaway cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, an effect commensurate with an increase in the blending amount can be obtained. I can't get it.
- Only one type of phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention can be used, and two or more types can be used in combination. When two or more kinds are used in combination, it is preferable that at least one kind is a compound in which a is 0 in the general formula (1) and a compound in which a is 1 to 4 in the general formula (1).
- the mechanism by which the phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention suppresses thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit of a non-aqueous electrolyte power storage device has not been fully elucidated, but one of the phosphoric acid ester compounds of the present invention at the initial stage of the internal short circuit. It is presumed that the part is decomposed by the short-circuit current to form an insulating film on the surface of the electrode. Such an insulating film may be formed even with an alkyl phosphate, but it is insufficient, and the phosphoric acid ester compounds of the present invention, particularly those having a small alkyl group or no alkyl group, formulas (9) to (17). It is estimated that a strong insulating film is formed in the case of the compound of).
- thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically short-circuited and electricity flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode at once, causing abnormal Joule heat generation, which triggers the electrolytic solution and the electrode.
- This is a phenomenon in which thermal runaway occurs due to the reaction with, the thermal decomposition of the electrolytic solution, the thermal decomposition of the positive electrode, and the like.
- thermal runaway due to overcharging lithium ions are excessively extracted from the positive electrode due to overcharging, the crystal structure of the positive electrode material is broken, heat is generated due to a decrease in the stability of the positive electrode, heat is generated due to an increase in the internal resistance of the battery, and an electrolytic solution.
- thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit and thermal runaway due to overcharging are caused by completely different phenomena.
- the power storage device include a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (lithium ion secondary battery, etc.) and an electric double layer capacitor (lithium ion capacitor, etc.).
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment is particularly effective in applications of lithium ion secondary batteries and lithium ion capacitors.
- non-aqueous electrolyte of the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device to which the present invention can be applied examples include a liquid electrolyte obtained by dissolving the supporting electrolyte in an organic solvent and a polymer gel obtained by dissolving the supporting electrolyte in an organic solvent and gelling with a polymer.
- examples thereof include a genuine polymer electrolyte in which the supporting electrolyte is dispersed in a polymer without containing an electrolyte or an organic solvent.
- thermal runaway is likely to occur due to an internal short circuit and there is a high risk of ignition or explosion. Therefore, the inhibitor of thermal runaway of the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device having a liquid electrolyte. It is preferably applied to the non-aqueous electrolyte of the device.
- the supporting electrolyte used for the liquid electrolyte and the polymer gel electrolyte a conventionally known supporting electrolyte is used.
- the supporting electrolyte when the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device is a lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium ion capacitor will be described.
- the supporting electrolyte in which the lithium atom is replaced with a sodium atom To use.
- Supporting electrolytes used for liquid electrolytes and polymer gel electrolytes include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , and LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2).
- ) 2 LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiB (CF 3 SO 3 ) 4 , LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiSbF 6 , LiSiF 5, LiSCN, LiClO 4, LiCl, LiF, LiBr, LiI, LiAlF 4, LiAlCl 4, LiPO 2 F 2 and derivatives of these.
- the content of the supporting electrolyte in the liquid electrolyte and the polymer gel electrolyte is preferably 0.5 mol / L to 7 mol / L, and more preferably 0.8 mol / L to 1.8 mol / L.
- Examples of the supporting electrolyte used for the genuine polymer electrolyte include LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , Examples thereof include LiB (CF 3 SO 3 ) 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 .
- organic solvent used for preparing the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte used in the present invention one or a combination of two or more of those usually used for non-aqueous electrolytes can be used.
- specific examples thereof include saturated cyclic carbonate compounds, saturated cyclic ester compounds, sulfoxide compounds, sulfone compounds, amide compounds, saturated chain carbonate compounds, chain ether compounds, cyclic ether compounds, saturated chain ester compounds and the like. ..
- the saturated cyclic carbonate compound, the saturated cyclic ester compound, the sulfoxide compound, the sulfone compound and the amide compound are preferable because they play a role of increasing the dielectric constant of the non-aqueous electrolyte because they have a high relative permittivity, and are particularly saturated cyclic.
- Sulfoxide compounds are preferred.
- the saturated cyclic carbonate compound include ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 1,3-propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 1,3-butylene carbonate, 1,1-dimethylethylene carbonate and the like. Be done.
- Examples of the saturated cyclic ester compound include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -hexanolactone, and ⁇ -octanolactone.
- Examples of the sulfoxide compound include dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfoxide, dipropyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfoxide, thiophene and the like.
- sulfone compound examples include dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, dipropyl sulfone, diphenyl sulfone, sulfolane (also referred to as tetramethylene sulfone), 3-methyl sulfolane, 3,4-dimethyl sulfolane, and 3,4-diphenylmethyl sulfolane.
- amide compound examples include N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and the like.
- the saturated chain carbonate compound, the chain ether compound, the cyclic ether compound and the saturated chain ester compound can lower the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte and increase the mobility of the electrolyte ions. It is possible to improve the battery characteristics such as output density. Further, since the viscosity is low, the performance of the non-aqueous electrolyte at low temperature can be improved, so that a saturated chain carbonate compound is particularly preferable.
- saturated chain carbonate compound examples include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, methyl-t-butyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, t-butyl propyl carbonate and the like.
- chain ether compound or cyclic ether compound examples include dimethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dioxane, 1,2-bis (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane, and 1,2-bis (.
- saturated chain ester compound a monoester compound and a diester compound having a total number of carbon atoms in the molecule of 2 to 8 are preferable, and specific compounds include, for example, methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, and acetate.
- organic solvent used for preparing a non-aqueous electrolyte for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitromethane, derivatives thereof, and various ionic liquids can also be used.
- Examples of the polymer used for the polymer gel electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyhexafluoropropylene.
- Examples of the polymer used for the genuine polymer electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- the blending ratio in the gel electrolyte and the compounding method are not particularly limited, and a blending ratio known in the present art and a known compounding method can be adopted.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may further contain other known additives such as an electrode film forming agent, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and an overcharge inhibitor in order to improve battery life and safety.
- additives such as an electrode film forming agent, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and an overcharge inhibitor in order to improve battery life and safety.
- the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte power storage device to which the present invention is applied is an electrode in which an electrode mixture layer containing the positive electrode active material is formed on the current collector, and is, for example, a positive electrode active material and a binder.
- a slurry of the electrode and the conductive auxiliary material with an organic solvent or water is applied to the current collector and dried to form a sheet.
- a known positive electrode active material can be used as the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode.
- the supporting electrolyte when the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device is a lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium ion capacitor will be described.
- the positive electrode activity in which the lithium atom is replaced with a sodium atom Use the substance.
- Known positive electrode active materials in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium ion capacitor include, for example, a lithium transition metal composite oxide, a lithium-containing transition metal phosphate compound, a lithium-containing silicate compound, and a lithium-containing transition metal sulfate compound. , Lithium, lithium-containing compounds and the like.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide As the transition metal of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, vanadium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and the like are preferable.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide examples include a lithium cobalt composite oxide such as LiCoO 2 , a lithium nickel composite oxide such as LiNiO 2 , and a lithium manganese composite oxide such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and Li 2 MnO 3.
- a lithium cobalt composite oxide such as LiCoO 2
- a lithium nickel composite oxide such as LiNiO 2
- a lithium manganese composite oxide such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4
- Li 2 MnO 3 Li 2 MnO 3.
- Some of the transition metal atoms that are the main constituents of these lithium transition metal composite oxides are aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, lithium, nickel, copper, zinc, magnesium, gallium, zirconium, etc. Examples thereof include those substituted with other metals.
- the transition metal of the lithium-containing transition metal phosphoric acid compound is preferably vanadium, titanium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or the like, and specific examples thereof include LiFePO 4 , LiMn X Fe 1-X PO 4 (0 ⁇ Iron phosphate compounds such as x ⁇ 1), cobalt phosphate compounds such as LiCoPO 4 , and some of the transition metal atoms that are the main constituents of these lithium transition metal phosphate compounds are aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and manganese.
- lithium-containing silicate compound examples include Li 2 FeSiO 4 and the like.
- lithium-containing transition metal sulfuric acid compound examples include LiFeSO 4 , LiFeSO 4 F and the like. Only one of these can be used, and two or more of these can be used in combination.
- the thermal runaway inhibitor of the present invention can be suitably used for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device having a large charge / discharge capacity.
- the inhibitor can be suitably used for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device having these positive electrode active materials.
- binder examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and styrene-.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
- Isoprene copolymer polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), methylcellulose (MC), starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) , Polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylic acid, polyurethane and the like.
- the amount of the binder used is usually about 1% by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 2% by mass to 10% by mass, based on the positive electrode active material.
- Examples of conductive auxiliary materials include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, carbon nanotubes, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), graphene, and fullerene.
- Carbon materials such as needle coke; Metal powders such as aluminum powder, nickel powder, titanium powder; Conductive metal oxides such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide; La 2 S 3 , Sm 2 S 3 , Ce 2 S 3 , TiS Examples include second- grade sulfides.
- the average particle size of the conductive auxiliary agent is preferably 0.0001 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- an organic solvent or water that dissolves the binder is used as the solvent for slurrying.
- the organic solvent include N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylethylketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, NN-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran and the like.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually about 10% by mass to 400% by mass, preferably 20% by mass to 200% by mass, based on the positive electrode active material.
- Aluminum, stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, etc. are usually used for the current collector of the positive electrode.
- Examples of the shape of the current collector include a foil shape, a plate shape, a mesh shape, and the like, and the foil shape is preferable.
- the thickness of the foil is usually 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode containing the negative electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte power storage device to which the present invention is applied is an electrode in which an electrode mixture layer containing the negative electrode active material is formed on a current collector, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder. A slurry of the electrode and the conductive auxiliary material with an organic solvent or water is applied to the current collector and dried to form a sheet.
- a known negative electrode active material can be used as the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode.
- the supporting electrolyte when the non-aqueous electrolyte storage device is a lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium ion capacitor will be described.
- the negative electrode having a lithium atom among the negative electrode active materials A negative electrode active material in which the lithium atom is replaced with a sodium atom is used.
- Known negative electrode active materials include carbonaceous materials, lithium, lithium alloys, silicon, silicon alloys, silicon oxide, tin, tin alloys, tin oxide, phosphorus, germanium, indium, copper oxide, antimony sulfide, titanium oxide, and iron oxide.
- the carbonaceous material is not particularly limited, but is limited to natural graphite, artificial graphite, fullerene, graphene, graphite fiber chops, carbon nanotubes, graphite whiskers, highly oriented thermodegradable graphite, crystalline carbon such as kiss graphite, and non-grafidized carbon.
- Carbonized carbon petroleum-based coke, coal-based coke, petroleum-based pitch carbide, coal-based pitch carbide, carbide of resin such as phenol resin and crystalline cellulose, and carbon material partially carbonized, furnace black , Acetylene black, pitch-based carbon fiber, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber and the like.
- sulfur-containing compound examples include sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, polycarbon sulfide represented by the general formula (CSx) n (x is 0.9 to 1.5, and n is a number of 4 or more).
- CSx sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile
- polycarbon sulfide represented by the general formula (CSx) n (x is 0.9 to 1.5, and n is a number of 4 or more).
- CSx sulfur-containing compound
- a negative electrode active material other than the sulfur-containing compound is used as the negative electrode active material.
- binder examples include the same as in the case of the positive electrode.
- the amount of the binder used is usually about 1% by mass to 30% by mass, preferably about 2% by mass to 15% by mass, based on the negative electrode active material.
- the amount of the solvent used is usually about 10% by mass to 400% by mass, preferably 20% by mass to 200% by mass, based on the negative electrode active material.
- Copper, nickel, stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, aluminum, etc. are usually used for the current collector of the negative electrode.
- Examples of the shape of the current collector include a foil shape, a plate shape, a mesh shape, and the like, and the foil shape is preferable.
- the thickness of the foil is usually 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- a separator is used between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and as the separator, a commonly used polymer microporous film or the like can be used without particular limitation.
- the film include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, and polyethers such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
- celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, polymer compounds and derivatives mainly composed of poly (meth) acrylic acid and various esters thereof, films composed of copolymers and mixtures thereof, etc. These films may be coated with a ceramic material such as alumina or silica, magnesium oxide, aramid resin, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- a ceramic material such as alumina or silica, magnesium oxide, aramid resin, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the non-aqueous solvent electrolyte is a pure polymer electrolyte, it may not contain a separator.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte power storage device to which the present invention is applied is preferably applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries include a single battery, a laminated battery in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated in multiple layers via a separator, a long sheet-shaped separator, and a wound battery in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound.
- the present invention relates to a laminated non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery or a wound non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It is preferable to apply to.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 49.5% by volume of ethylene carbonate, 49.5% by volume of diethyl carbonate and 1% by volume of vinylene carbonate so as to have a concentration of 1.0 mol / L, and that of Comparative Example 1 A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared. Further, the following phosphoric acid ester compounds were dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 to the concentrations shown in Table 1 to prepare the non-aqueous electrolytes of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3. did.
- a positive electrode active material 94.0 parts by mass of Li (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) O 2 (Beijing Easpring Material Technology Co., Ltd.), trade name: NCM622 ), 3.0 parts by mass of acetylene black (manufactured by Denka) as a conductive auxiliary agent, and 3.0 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Kureha) as a binder are mixed with 90 parts by mass of N-methylpyrrolidone to rotate. A slurry was prepared by dispersing using a revolving mixer.
- This slurry composition was continuously applied to both sides of a current collector of a roll-shaped aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) by a comma coater method, and dried at 90 ° C.
- This roll is cut into a length of 50 mm and a width of 90 mm, the electrode mixture layer on one side of the side (short side) is removed by 10 mm from the end, the current collector is exposed, and then vacuum dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours. Was carried out to prepare a positive electrode.
- This slurry composition was continuously applied to both sides of a roll-shaped copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) current collector by the comma coater method, one side at a time, and dried at 90 ° C.
- This roll is cut into a length of 55 mm and a width of 95 mm, the electrode mixture layer on one side of the side (short side) is removed by 10 mm from the end, the current collector is exposed, and then vacuum dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the rise in surface temperature in this test is due to an internal short circuit in the battery.
- the battery having a non-aqueous electrolyte containing the phosphoric acid ester compound of the present invention has a maximum surface temperature as compared with Comparative Example 1 not containing the phosphoric acid ester compound and Comparative Examples 2 to 3 containing the alkyl phosphate compound. Is significantly reduced, indicating that thermal runaway due to an internal short circuit is unlikely to occur.
Abstract
Description
式(16)で表される化合物として、aが1.2である化合物が好ましい。
49.5体積%のエチレンカーボネート、49.5体積%のジエチルカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート1体積%からなる混合溶剤に、LiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度になるように溶解し、比較例1の非水電解質を調製した。また、比較例1の非水電解質に下記のリン酸エステル化合物を表1に記載の濃度になるように溶解し、実施例1~実施例9、並びに比較例2~3の非水電解質を調製した。
正極活物質として94.0質量部のLi(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2(北京当升材料科技股▲フン▼有限公司(Beijing Easpring Material Technology Co.,Ltd,)製、商品名:NCM622)、導電助剤として3.0質量部のアセチレンブラック(デンカ製)、バインダとして3.0質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(クレハ製)を、90質量部のN-メチルピロリドンに混合し、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて分散しスラリーを調製した。このスラリー組成物を、コンマコーター法によりロール状のアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)の集電体の両面に片面ずつ連続的に塗布し、90℃で乾燥した。このロールを縦50mm、横90mmにカットし、横辺(短辺)の一方の両面の電極合剤層を端から10mm除去し、集電体を露出させた後、150℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い、正極を作製した。
電極活物質として96.5質量部の人造黒鉛(日立化成製)、導電助剤として0.5質量部のアセチレンブラック(デンカ製)、バインダとして2.0質量部のスチレン-ブタジエンゴム(水分散液、日本ゼオン製)、及び1.0質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(ダイセルファインケム製)を、100質量部の水に混合し、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて分散しスラリーを調製した。このスラリー組成物を、コンマコーター法によりロール状の銅箔(厚さ10μm)の集電体の両面に片面ずつ連続的に塗布し、90℃で乾燥した。このロールを縦55mm、横95mmにカットし、横辺(短辺)の一方の両面の電極合剤層を端から10mm除去し、集電体を露出させた後、150℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い、負極を作製した。
電池容量が3Ahになるように、正極と負極をセパレータ(セルガード社製、商品名:セルガード2325)を介して積層し、正極と負極にそれぞれ正極端子と負極端子を設け、積層体を得た。得られた積層体と実施例1~実施例9、比較例1~3の非水電解質をアルミラミネートフィルムに収容して、実施例1~実施例9、比較例1~3の積層型のラミネート電池を得た。
25℃の恒温槽中で、充電終止電圧を4.2V、放電終止電圧を2.75Vとし、充電レート0.1C、放電レート0.1Cで1回充放電し、ガス抜き処理を行った。さらに同様の条件での充放電サイクルを5回行い、充電レート0.1Cで4.3Vまで充電してから試験に用いた。
表面温度が23℃の電池を直径10mmの穴のあいたフェノール樹脂板上に固定し、穴の中央部に、直径3mm、長さ65mmの鉄製の丸クギ(N65)を1mm/sの速度で電池表面に対して垂直に突き刺し、電池から10mm貫通させ、10分間保持した後、クギを引き抜いた。電池にクギを刺した後の、電池の最高表面温度を、表2に示す。なお、最高表面温度は、熱電対を用いクギ刺し部から10mm離れた電池表面の温度を測定し、温度が上昇して最大となった時の温度を最高表面温度とした。
Claims (6)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるリン酸エステル化合物からなる、非水電解質蓄電デバイスの熱暴走抑制剤であって、前記非水電解質蓄電デバイスは、正極活物質を含む正極、負極活物質を含む負極、及び非水電解質を有し、前記熱暴走が非水電解質蓄電デバイスの内部短絡による熱暴走である、熱暴走抑制剤。
- 一般式(1)のaが1~4の数を表す、請求項1に記載の熱暴走抑制剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の熱暴走抑制剤を、非水電解質に、非水電解質総量に対して0.01質量%~10質量%配合することを含む、非水電解質蓄電デバイスの内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法。
- 前記非水電解質が、有機溶媒を溶媒とする非水電解質である、請求項3に記載の非水電解質蓄電デバイスの内部短絡による熱暴走の抑制方法。
- 非水電解質蓄電デバイスの内部短絡による熱暴走を抑制するための、請求項1又は2に記載の熱暴走抑制剤の使用であって、前記熱暴走抑制剤は、非水電解質に、非水電解質総量に対して0.01質量%~10質量%で配合される、使用。
- 前記非水電解質が、有機溶媒を溶媒とする非水電解質である、請求項5に記載の使用。
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