WO2021017231A1 - 一种低血糖指数米粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低血糖指数米粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
- A23L7/113—Parboiled or instant pasta
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/20—Extruding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/20—Extruding
- A23P30/25—Co-extrusion of different foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Definitions
- Postprandial hyperglycemia is the main factor that exacerbates diabetes and causes complications. Therefore, controlling postprandial blood glucose is an effective measure to prevent diabetes.
- the diet of diabetic patients, especially the selection and control of staple food (ie, carbohydrates), is the basis of diabetes treatment, and is related to the long-term control of blood sugar in diabetic patients and the occurrence and development of chronic complications. Therefore, choosing staple foods with low glycemic index is the focus of diabetic diet treatment.
- Starch is the most important source of carbohydrates and the main energy source for humans. It plays an irreplaceable role in people’s daily life. A large number of studies have shown that the Glycemic Index (GI) of digestive resistant starch is low, and it can control postprandial blood sugar. And insulin levels, improve insulin resistance, reduce blood glucose homeostasis control system pressure, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diet-related chronic diseases.
- GI Glycemic Index
- Raw material blending sieve the rice starch, add water to blend, and set aside;
- the other food materials include 60% to 70% rice flour, 1% to 5% salad oil, 0.1% to 0.5% citric acid, 0.1% to 0.5% salt, 0.1-0.3%% rice noodle gluten enhancer.
- both the step (3) the first extrusion and the step (5) the second extrusion need to adjust the water content to 30%-40% before extrusion.
- step (2) Mixed preparation: Add debranching enzyme and emulsifier to the raw materials obtained in step (1), and mix them evenly; the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the total amount of debranching enzyme added is 40 ⁇ 60ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, the dosage ratio of pullulanase and isoamylase is 1:(0.5-2); the emulsifier is glycerol monostearate, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the raw rice starch. 1%(w/w);
- step (3) Drying and crushing: the extruded product obtained in step (3) is dried at 70-90°C for 20-50 minutes, then crushed, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain digestion-resistant starch;
- the second step of extrusion add 60% to 70% rice flour, 1% to 5% salad oil, 0.1% to 0.5% citric acid, 0.1% to 0.5% to the digestion resistant starch obtained in step (4) Table salt and 0.1-0.3%% rice flour reinforcing agent are fed into the extruder for extrusion processing, the extruder is used to extrude the filaments, and cut at the die to obtain a round rice flour product; Set the temperature of the four sections of the extruder to 75 ⁇ 85°C, 85 ⁇ 95°C, 95 ⁇ 105°C, 105 ⁇ 135°C, and the screw speed at 80 ⁇ 110rpm;
- the method includes the following steps:
- debranching enzymes and emulsifiers to the rice starch raw materials, and mix them evenly; among them, the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the addition amount is 40 ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, pullulanase and The dosage ratio of isoamylase is 1:1; the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, the total added amount is 0.5% (w/w) of the raw rice starch; the water content is adjusted to 30% to 35%;
- the other food materials include 65% rice flour, 1% salad oil, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% salt, and 0.15% rice noodle gluten.
- the solid feed speed is 5t/h before the start of extrusion
- the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C
- the screw speed is 110rpm
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm
- the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250rpm; the filament is extruded through the extruder, and a 50cm length round strip product is cut at the die;
- the method includes the following steps:
- debranching enzymes and emulsifiers to the rice starch raw materials, and mix them evenly; among them, the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the addition amount is 45 ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, pullulanase and The dosage ratio of isoamylase is 1:1; the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, the total added amount is 0.5% (w/w) of the raw rice starch; the water content is adjusted to 30% to 35%;
- the solid feed rate is 6t/h before the start of the extrusion.
- the temperature of the four sections of the extruder is set to 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C.
- the screw The rotation speed is 90rpm, and the die diameter of the extruder outlet is 8mm;
- the other food materials including 65% rice flour, 1% salad oil, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% salt, 0.15% rice noodle gluten;
- the solid feed speed is 5t/h before the start of extrusion, the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, the screw speed is 110rpm,
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm, and the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250rpm; the filament is extruded through the extruder, and a 50cm length round strip product is cut at the die;
- the method includes the following steps:
- the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the addition amount is 50 ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, and pullulan
- the dosage ratio of enzyme and isoamylase is 1:1;
- the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, the total added amount is 1% (w/w) of the raw rice starch; the water content is adjusted to 30%-35%;
- the solid feed rate is 6t/h before the start of the extrusion
- the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 85°C, 95°C, 105°C, 120°C
- the screw speed is 110rpm
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm
- the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250rpm; the filament is extruded through the extruder, and a 50cm length round strip product is cut at the die;
- the method includes the following steps:
- the third object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing low glycemic index digestion resistant starch, which is to prepare the digestion resistant starch by adding debranching enzyme and emulsifier to rice starch and then extruding it.
- the temperature of the four stages of the extruder is set to be 45-55°C, 55-65°C, 65-75°C, and 75-95°C, respectively.
- the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the total amount of debranching enzyme added is 40-60 ASPU/g dry basis of rice starch, pullulanase and isoamylase The dosage ratio is 1:(0.5-2).
- the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, and the added amount is 0.5% to 1% (w/w) of rice starch.
- the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a low glycemic index digestion resistant starch prepared by the above method.
- the second step of extrusion processing realizes the conversion of starch-lipid complex VI-type crystals to VII-type crystals and extrusion molding. Improve the thermal stability of anti-digestive starch, thereby preparing a kind of rice noodles with high heat resistance and low glycemic index.
- the glycemic index of the rice noodle products is below 55;
- the present invention uses rice starch and rice flour as raw materials to prepare low-glycemic index rice flour. Due to the formation of starch-lipid complexes, starch crystals undergo crystal transformation, and the digestion speed in the body is slower than that of ordinary starch. , So that the rice noodles prepared by the present invention have anti-digestive properties;
- the method of the present invention has a short production cycle, high production efficiency, low cost, and is easy for large-scale industrial production.
- Figure 1 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of the present invention.
- G 0 and G 120 are respectively the glucose released after enzymolysis 0 and 120 min/mg, and TS is the total starch dry basis weight of the sample/mg.
- R 0 and R 1 are respectively the content of digestible starch in the sample before and after the boiling water bath for 20 minutes.
- Pullulanase and isoamylase in the following examples were purchased from Shanghai Ruiyong Biological Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 Preparation of low-glycemic index and anti-digestive rice flour
- the other food materials include 65% rice flour, 1% salad oil, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% salt, and 0.15% rice noodle gluten.
- the solid feed speed is 5t/h before the start of extrusion
- the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C
- the screw speed is 110rpm
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm
- the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250 rpm; the filament is extruded through the extruder and cut at the die to obtain a 50cm-long round product;
- Example 2 Preparation of low-glycemic index and anti-digestive rice flour
- debranching enzymes and emulsifiers to the rice starch raw materials, and mix them evenly; among them, the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the addition amount is 45 ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, pullulanase and The dosage ratio of isoamylase is 1:1; the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, the total added amount is 0.5% (w/w) of the raw rice starch; the water content is adjusted to 30% to 35%;
- the solid feed rate is 6t/h before the start of the extrusion.
- the temperature of the four sections of the extruder is set to 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C.
- the screw The rotation speed is 90rpm, and the die diameter of the extruder outlet is 8mm;
- the other food materials including 65% rice flour, 1% salad oil, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% salt, 0.15% rice noodle gluten;
- the solid feed speed is 5t/h before the start of extrusion, the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, the screw speed is 110rpm,
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm, and the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250 rpm; the filament is extruded through the extruder and cut at the die to obtain a 50cm-long round product;
- Example 3 Preparation of low-glycemic index and anti-digestive rice flour
- debranching enzyme and emulsifier to the rice starch raw materials and mix them evenly; among them, the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the addition amount is 50 ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, and pullulanase
- the ratio of isoamylase to isoamylase is 1:1; the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, the total added amount is 1% (w/w) of the rice starch raw material; the water content is adjusted to 30%-35%;
- the solid feed rate is 6t/h before the start of the extrusion
- the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 85°C, 95°C, 105°C, 120°C
- the screw speed is 110rpm
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm
- the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250 rpm; the filament is extruded through the extruder and cut at the die to obtain a 50cm-long round product;
- debranching enzymes and emulsifiers to the rice starch raw materials, and mix them evenly; among them, the debranching enzymes are pullulanase and isoamylase, and the addition amount is 70 ASPU/g rice starch dry basis, pullulanase and The dosage ratio of isoamylase is 1:1; the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate, the total added amount is 1% (w/w) of the rice starch raw material; the water content is adjusted to 30%-35%;
- the other food materials including 70% rice flour, 1% salad oil, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% salt, 0.15% rice noodle gluten;
- the solid feed rate is 7t/h before the start of extrusion
- the four-stage temperature of the extruder is set to 85°C, 95°C, 105°C, 125°C
- the screw speed is 110rpm
- the die diameter of the discharge port of the press is 1mm
- the speed of the cutting machine at the discharge port is 250 rpm
- the filament is extruded through the extruder and cut at the die to obtain a 50cm-long round product;
- the first step of the extrusion process in step (3) of Example 4 is omitted, and other conditions or parameters are the same as those of Example 4 to obtain digestion resistant starch. According to the data in Table 1, compared with Example 4, if the first extrusion step is omitted, the digestion resistant starch content is reduced from 58.4% to 16.5%.
- the first extrusion step provides a high-pressure environment and reduces The reaction conditions of the debranching enzyme are improved, and at the same time, the substrate concentration of the enzyme reaction, that is, the starch concentration, is increased, which makes the restricted hydrolysis reaction of the debranching enzyme proceed more efficiently in the extrusion process, greatly improving the linear chain Starch content, thereby increasing the emulsifier and starch complex rate, that is, the content of anti-digestive starch is increased.
- the restrictive hydrolysis reaction of debranching enzyme cannot proceed well, which directly leads to anti-digestion
- the starch content is greatly reduced. Therefore, this comparative example shows that the first extrusion step has the effect of promoting the conversion of part of the A-type starch crystals in the original rice flour into VI-type starch crystals.
- the second step of the extrusion process in step (5) of Example 4 is omitted, and other conditions or parameters are the same as those of Example 4 to obtain digestion-resistant starch.
- the digestion resistant starch content is reduced from 58.4% to 44.7%, and the blood glucose index is raised from 40.7 to 57.8. This is because the starch-lipid complex (digestible starch) formed in the first step of extrusion is mostly VI-type crystals, and VI-type crystals are unstable and will undergo crystal form conversion and lose the expected slow digestion characteristics.
- the two-step extrusion step also has the effect of promoting the conversion of VI-type starch crystals in the original rice flour into VII-type starch crystals, thereby improving the stability of the anti-digestible starch and lowering the blood glucose index.
- the original rice flour sample has strong diffraction peaks at 15.2°, 17.0°, 18.2° and 23.6°, which are typical diffraction peaks of A-type starch crystals.
- the original diffraction peak position has not changed.
- the intensity of the diffraction peaks at 15.2°, 17.0°, 18.2° and 23.6° decreases; at the same time, new diffraction peaks appear at 7.5°, 13.0°, and 20.0°.
- the content of digestion resistant starch after adding debranching enzyme and emulsifier for extrusion processing are all 50%-60%, which is greatly improved compared to the raw rice starch; the obtained digestion resistant starch compound rice flour, etc.
- the in vitro simulated blood glucose index of rice noodles prepared after extrusion and processing of other food raw materials are all lower than 55, so the present invention can be used to prepare rice noodles suitable for type II diabetes patients.
- the first-step extrusion temperature in Example 1 was adjusted to 95°C, 105°C, 115°C, and 125°C, and other parameters were the same as in Example 4 to obtain digestion resistant starch. According to the data in Table 1, compared with Example 4, after adjusting the first step of extrusion temperature, the content of digestible starch decreased from 58.4% to 20.3%, and the blood glucose index rose from 40.7 to 74.6.
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Abstract
低血糖指数米粉的制备方法,包括:向大米淀粉中添加脱支酶和乳化剂一步挤压制备得到抗消化淀粉,再复配其他食品原料经二次挤压形成低血糖指数米粉。
Description
本发明涉及一种低血糖指数米粉的制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
近十年来,全球糖尿病患者数量以惊人的速度迅速增长。据2010年数据统计,我国糖尿病患者人口总数达到1.16亿,占人口总数的11.6%,我国已成为世界上糖尿病人口最多的国家。对于糖尿病患者的防治也成为了主要的公共卫生问题之一。
餐后高血糖是糖尿病加重和引起并发症的主要因素,因此,控制餐后血糖是预防糖尿病的有效措施。糖尿病患者的饮食,特别是主食(即碳水化合物)的选择和控制,是糖尿病治疗的基础,关系到糖尿病患者血糖的长期控制以及慢性并发症的发生和发展。因此,选择低血糖生成指数的主食是糖尿病饮食治疗的重点。淀粉是人类最重要的碳水化合物来源和主要能量来源,在人们日常生活中发挥着不可替代的作用,其中大量研究证明抗消化淀粉的血糖生成指数(Glycemic index,GI)低,在控制餐后血糖和胰岛素水平,改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖稳态调控系统压力,预防和治疗各种饮食相关的慢性疾病方面发挥着重要作用。
米粉是以大米为原料,经过浸泡、研磨、搅拌、压条出丝、干燥等一系列工序制成的圆截面、长条状的米制品。米粉食用方便、爽滑可口、可荤可素、四季皆宜,是两广(广东、广西)的主食之一,深受消费者的欢迎。为了生产出糖尿病人可以食用的米粉产品,利用脂类物质与淀粉络合形成V-型晶体制备抗消化淀粉,从而进一步制备抗消化米粉产品,即向大米粉原料中添加乳化剂挤压加工进行络合,但目前这种方法还存在一些问题,首先由于淀粉的簇状结构的影响,络合率通常比较低,达不到理想效果;其次,淀粉-脂质络合物的VI-型结晶热稳定性差,此法制备的淀粉产品在高温蒸煮中VI-型结晶不稳定,会发生晶型转化,丧失预期慢消化特性。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明通过向大米淀粉中添加脱支酶和乳化剂一步挤压制备得到抗消化淀粉,再复配大米粉等其他食品原料经二次挤压形成低血糖指数米粉。本发明利用乳化剂和直链淀粉络合形成V-型晶体的特性,在大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂进行挤压加工,第一步挤压加工过程中添加的脱支酶限制性水解淀粉,降低淀粉分支,提高直链淀粉含量,同时乳化剂和高直链化大米淀粉络合生成VI-型淀粉-脂质络合物,显著提高两者络合率;此后再进行第二步挤压加工实现淀粉-脂质络合物的VI-型结晶向VII-型结晶的转化及挤压成型,提高抗消化淀粉的耐热稳定性,从而制备得到一种低血糖指数米粉。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种低血糖指数米粉的制备方法,通过向大米淀粉中添加脱支酶和乳化剂第一步挤压制备得到抗消化淀粉,再经第二步挤压形成低血糖指数的圆条状米粉产品。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料调配:将大米淀粉过筛,加水调配,备用;
(2)混合调制:向步骤(1)所得的原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;
(3)第一步挤压:将步骤(2)所得的混合料送入挤压机中,进行挤压;
(4)干燥粉碎:将步骤(3)得到的挤压产物干燥后粉碎,过筛,即得抗消化淀粉;
(5)第二步挤压:向步骤(4)所得的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,送入挤压机中挤压加工,通过挤压机进行挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得到条状米粉产品;
(6)搓条、定型风干及包装:将米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(1)是将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~40%。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,脱支酶总添加量为40~60ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶的用量比为 1∶(0.5-2)。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%~1%(w/w)。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(3)第一步挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃、75~95℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(4)是将步骤(3)得到的挤压产物在70-90℃下干燥20-50min后粉碎,过100目筛,即得抗消化淀粉。
在本发明一种实施方式中,其特征在于,所述其他食品原料包括60%~70%大米粉、1%~5%色拉油、0.1%~0.5%柠檬酸、0.1%~0.5%食盐、0.1~0.3%%米面增筋剂。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(5)第二步挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为75~85℃、85~95℃、95~105℃、105~135℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤(3)第一步挤压和步骤(5)第二步挤压在挤压前均需调节含水量为30%~40%。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)原料调配:将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~40%;
(2)混合调制:向步骤(1)所得的原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;所述脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,脱支酶总添加量为40~60ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶的用量比为1∶(0.5-2);所述乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%~1%(w/w);
(3)第一步挤压:将步骤(2)所得的混合料送入挤压机中,进行挤压;所述挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃、75~95℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm;
(4)干燥粉碎:步骤(3)得到的挤压产物在70~90℃下干燥20~50min后粉碎,过100目筛,即得抗消化淀粉;
(5)第二步挤压:向步骤(4)所得的抗消化淀粉中加入60%~70%大米粉、1%~5%色拉油、0.1%~0.5%柠檬酸、0.1%~0.5%食盐、0.1~0.3%%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,通过挤压机进行挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得到圆条状米粉 产品;所述挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为75~85℃、85~95℃、95~105℃、105~135℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm;
(6)搓条、定型风干及包装:将米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为40ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为45℃、55℃、65℃、75℃,螺杆转速为80rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括65%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处用切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为45ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为6t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃,螺杆转速为90rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括65%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂;送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处用切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加普鲁兰酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为50ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的1%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为7t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括70%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为6t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为85℃、95℃、105℃、120℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处用切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加普鲁兰酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为70ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的1%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为8t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥12h后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括70%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂;送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为7t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为85℃、95℃、105℃、125℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处用切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种采用上述的方法制备得到的米粉。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种低血糖指数抗消化淀粉的制备方法,所述方法是通过向大米淀粉中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,并经过挤压制备得到抗消化淀粉。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃、75~95℃。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,脱支酶总添加量为40~60ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶的用量比为1∶(0.5-2)。
在本发明一种实施方式中,所述乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,添加量为大米淀粉的0.5%~1%(w/w)。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种采用上述的方法制备得到的低血糖指数抗消化淀粉。
发明概述
发明的有益效果
(1)本发明利用乳化剂和直链淀粉络合形成V-型晶体的特性,在大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂进行挤压加工,第一步挤压加工过程中乳化剂和大米淀粉络合生成脂质-淀粉络合物,同时添加的脱支酶限制性水解淀粉,降低淀粉分支,提高直链淀粉含量,因此乳化剂和淀粉的络合率提高;第一步挤压加工过程中促进原米粉中部分A-型淀粉晶体转变成VI-型淀粉晶体,改变了原米粉的晶型,得到抗消化淀粉,抗消化淀粉含量占总淀粉含量的50%~60%;抗消化淀粉复配其他食品原料后经二次挤压加工得到低血糖指数米粉,第二步挤压加工实现淀粉-脂质络合物VI-型结晶向VII-型结晶的转化及挤压成型,提高抗消化淀粉热稳定性,从而制备得到一种高耐热特征的低血糖指数米粉,米粉产品的血糖生成指数在55以下;
(2)本发明采用大米淀粉和大米粉作为原材料制备低血糖指数米粉,由于淀粉-脂质络合物的形成,使得淀粉晶体发生晶型转化,在体内的消化速度较普通淀粉来说更慢,使得本发明制备得到的米粉具有抗消化特性;
(3)本发明的方法生产周期短,生产效率高,成本较低,易于大规模工业化生产。
对附图的简要说明
图1为本发明X射线衍射图。
发明实施例
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解实施例是为了更好地解释本发明,不用于限制本发明。
1、抗消化淀粉含量测定(采用Englyst法):
称取200mg样品置于50mL离心管中,加入2mL水,混匀后置于37℃恒温水浴振荡(转速为160rpm)。加入4mL胃蛋白酶溶液(内含0.5g胃蛋白酶,0.5g瓜尔胶分散于100mL的5mol/L的盐酸溶液中)反应30min,后在每个测试离心管中加入5粒玻璃珠和2mL0.5mol/L醋酸钠溶液(pH=5.2)继续振荡30min。接着加入2mL混酶溶液(8g胰酶与1.96mL糖化酶(260U/mL)分散于44.8mL水中),水解0,120min后取样0.1mL加入0.9mL的90%乙醇灭酶。10000g离心5min后取上清液,以不加样品的水为空白样品,采用葡萄糖氧化酶试剂盒(GOD-POD)测定葡萄糖含量,每个样品平行测定3次取平均值。抗消化淀粉(RDS)为20min内不被小肠消化吸收的淀粉,具体公式如下:
式中:G
0和G
120分别为酶解0,120min后释放的葡萄糖/mg,TS为样品总淀粉干基重/mg。
2、体外模拟血糖指数的测定(采用Goni法):
称取200mg样品置于50mL离心管中,加入2mL水,混匀后置于37℃恒温水浴振荡(转速为160rpm);加入4mL胃蛋白酶溶液(内含0.5g胃蛋白酶,0.5g瓜尔胶分散于100mL的5mol/L的盐酸溶液中)反应30min,后在每个测试离心管中加入5粒玻璃珠和2mL0.5mol/L醋酸钠溶液(pH=5.2)继续振荡30min;接着加入2mL混酶溶液(8g胰酶与1.96mL糖化酶(260U/mL)分散于44.8mL水中)并准确计时;振荡水解0,30,60,90,120,180min后取样0.1mL加入0.9mL的90%乙醇灭酶;10000g离心5min后取上清液,以不加样品的水为空白样品,采用葡萄糖氧化酶试剂盒(GOD-POD)测定葡萄糖含量,每个样品平行测定3次取平均值;样品的消化速率采用样品在0~180min的水解率(%)标识,作图计算出水解曲线下的面积(AUC)。
样品水解指数(HI)和血糖指数的计算公式如下:
3、抗消化淀粉热稳定性的测定
[根据细则26改正26.11.2019]
准确称取100mg的样品,加入2.5mL去离子水,震荡均匀,100℃沸水浴20min,然后按照抗消化淀粉含量测定的步骤测定其抗消化淀粉含量,其热稳定性计算公式如下:
准确称取100mg的样品,加入2.5mL去离子水,震荡均匀,100℃沸水浴20min,然后按照抗消化淀粉含量测定的步骤测定其抗消化淀粉含量,其热稳定性计算公式如下:
式中:R
0和R
1分别为沸水浴20min前后样品中抗消化淀粉的含量。
4、X射线衍射实验
将干燥后的样品粉末在装有饱和氯化钾盐溶液的干燥器中平衡水分一周后,采用广角X射线衍射仪进行测定。选用铜靶Cu-Kα(λ=0.15406nm),功率为1600W(40kV×40mA),采用NaI晶体闪烁计数器测量,扫描范围为3~40°,扫描步长为0.02°,扫描速度为3°/min。
下述实施例中的普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶购自上海瑞永生物有限公司。
实施例1:低血糖指数抗消化类米粉的制备
具体如下:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为40ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为45℃、55℃、65℃、75℃,螺杆转速为80rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括65%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
实施例2:低血糖指数抗消化类米粉的制备
具体如下:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为45ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为6t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃,螺杆转速为90rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括65%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂;送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
实施例3:低血糖指数抗消化类米粉的制备
具体如下:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为50ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的1%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为7t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括70%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为6t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为85℃、95℃、105℃、120℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
实施例4:低血糖指数抗消化类米粉的制备
具体如下:
(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;
(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为70ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的1%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;
(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为8t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;
(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥12h后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;
(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括70%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂;送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为7t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为85℃、95℃、105℃、125℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;
(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
对比例1:原大米淀粉
原大米淀粉。
对比例2:省略步骤(3)中的第一步挤压
省略实施例4步骤(3)中的第一步挤压过程,其他条件或者参数与实施例4一致,得到抗消化淀粉。根据表1数据可知,与实施例4相比,省略第一步挤压步骤,抗消化淀粉含量从58.4%降低为16.5%,这是因为第一步挤压步骤既提供了高压的环境,降低了脱支酶的反应条件,与此同时又提高了酶反应的底物浓度,即淀粉浓度,这使得脱支酶的限制性水解反应在挤压过程中较高效地进行,大大提高了直链淀粉含量,从而提高乳化剂与淀粉的络合率,即抗消化淀粉含量提高,省略第一步挤压后,脱支酶的限制性水解反应不能很好地进行,也就直接导致了抗消化淀粉含量大大降低。因此,该对比例说明第一步挤压步骤具有促进原米粉中部分A-型淀粉晶体转变成VI-型淀粉晶体的作用。
对比例3:省略步骤(5)中的第二步挤压
省略实施例4步骤(5)中的第二步挤压过程,其他条件或者参数与实施例4一致,得到抗消化淀粉。根据表1数据可知,与实施例4相比,省略第二步挤压步骤,抗消化淀粉含量从58.4%降低为44.7%,血糖指数由40.7升为57.8。这是因为第一步挤压形成的淀粉-脂质络合物(抗消化淀粉)多为VI-型晶体,而VI-型晶体不稳定,会发生晶型转化,丧失预期慢消化特性,第二步挤压步骤除定型作用外,还具有促进原米粉中VI-型淀粉晶体转变成VII-型淀粉晶体的作用,从 而提高抗消化淀粉的稳定性,降低血糖指数。
表1抗消化淀粉含量和体外模拟血糖指数检测结果
由图1可以看出,原大米粉样品在15.2°、17.0°、18.2°和23.6°有强衍射峰,属于典型的A-型淀粉晶体衍射峰。经第一步挤压后,原有的衍射峰位置没有改变,15.2°、17.0°、18.2°和23.6°处衍射峰强度降低;同时在7.5°、13.0°、20.0°位置出现新的衍射峰,属于典型的V-型淀粉晶体衍射峰,表明经第一步挤压后原米粉中部分A-型淀粉晶体转变成VI-型淀粉晶体,改变了原米粉的晶型;第二步挤压后,衍射峰位置与第一步挤压后没有显著变化,但半峰宽增加,显示出VII-型淀粉结晶特征。
由表1可知:添加脱支酶和乳化剂进行挤压加工后制得抗消化淀粉含量都在50%~60%,相较于原料大米淀粉大大提高;得到的抗消化淀粉复配大米粉等其他食品原料挤压加工后制备得到的米粉体外模拟血糖指数均低于55,因此本发明可以用于制备适于II型糖尿病患者食用的米粉。
对比例4:改变第一步挤压温度
将实施例1中的第一步挤压温度调整为95℃、105℃、115℃、125℃,其他参数条件同实施例4,得到抗消化淀粉。根据表1数据可知,与实施例4相比,调整第一步挤压温度后,抗消化淀粉含量从58.4%降低为20.3%,血糖指数由40.7升为74.6。这是因为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶的最适温度都低于100℃,因此在调整后的 挤压温度下,这两种酶在挤压过程中酶活大大降低甚至失活,导致淀粉的限制性水解反应速率大大降低甚至最终不能进行,从而使得产品中的淀粉抗消化淀粉含量大幅降低。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (20)
- 一种低血糖指数米粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)原料调配:将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~40%;(2)混合调制:向步骤(1)所得的原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;所述脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,脱支酶总添加量为40~60ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶的用量比为1∶(0.5-2);所述乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%~1%(w/w);(3)第一步挤压:将步骤(2)所得的混合料送入挤压机中,进行挤压;所述挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃、75~95℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm;(4)干燥粉碎:步骤(3)得到的挤压产物在70-90℃下干燥20-50min后粉碎,过100目筛,即得抗消化淀粉;(5)第二步挤压:向步骤(4)所得的抗消化淀粉中加入60%~70%大米粉、1%~5%色拉油、0.1%~0.5%柠檬酸、0.1%~0.5%食盐、0.1~0.3%%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,通过挤压机进行挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得到条状米粉产品;所述挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为75~85℃、85~95℃、95~105℃、105~135℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm;(6)搓条、定型风干及包装:将米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
- 一种低血糖指数米粉的制备方法,其特征在于,通过向大米淀粉中添加脱支酶和乳化剂经第一步挤压制备得到抗消化淀粉,再经第二步挤压形成低血糖指数米粉。
- 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)原料调配:将大米淀粉过筛,加水调配,备用;(2)混合调制:向步骤(1)所得的原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;(3)第一步挤压:将步骤(2)所得的混合料送入挤压机中,进行挤压;(4)干燥粉碎:将步骤(3)得到的挤压产物干燥后粉碎,过筛,即得抗消化淀粉;(5)第二步挤压:向步骤(4)所得的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,送入挤压机中挤压加工,通过挤压机进行挤压成型,并在模头处切割得到条状米粉产品;(6)搓条、定型风干及包装:将米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)是将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~40%。
- 根据权利要求2-4任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述脱支酶包括普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,脱支酶添加量为40~60ASPU/g大米淀粉干基;所述乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,乳化剂添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%~1%(w/w)。
- 根据权利要求2-5任一所述的方法,其特征在于,第一步挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃、75~95℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm。
- 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)是将步骤(3)得到的挤压产物在70-90℃下干燥20-50min后粉碎,过100目筛,即得抗消化淀粉。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述其他食品原料包括60%~70%大米粉、1%~5%色拉油、0.1%~0.5%柠檬酸、0.1%~0.5%食盐、0.1~0.3%米面增筋剂。
- 根据权利要求2-8任一所述的方法,其特征在于,第二步挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为75~85℃、85~95℃、95~105℃、105~135 ℃,螺杆转速为80~110rpm。
- 根据权利要求2-9任一所述的方法,其特征在于,第一步挤压和第二步挤压在挤压前均需调节含水量为30%~40%。
- 根据权利要求2-10任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为40ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为45℃、55℃、65℃、75℃,螺杆转速为80rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括65%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
- 根据权利要求2-10任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为45ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的0.5%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为6t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃,螺杆转速为90rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括65%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂;送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为5t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的条状产品;(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
- 根据权利要求2-10任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加普鲁兰酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为50ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油 酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的1%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为7t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃,螺杆转速为100rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥30min后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括70%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂,送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为6t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为85℃、95℃、105℃、120℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的圆条状产品;(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
- 根据权利要求2-10任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将大米淀粉过100目筛,加水调配至含水量为30%~35%,备用;(2)向大米淀粉原料中添加普鲁兰酶和乳化剂,混合均匀;其中,脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,添加量为70ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶用量比为1∶1;乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,总添加量为大米淀粉原料的1%(w/w);调节含水量为30%~35%;(3)将混合料送入挤压机中,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为8t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为55℃、65℃、75℃、85℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为8mm;(4)挤压产物80℃热风干燥12h后粉碎,过100目筛,得到抗消化淀粉;(5)向制备得到的抗消化淀粉中加入其他食品原料,所述其他食品原料包括70%大米粉、1%色拉油、0.5%柠檬酸、0.2%食盐、0.15%米面增筋剂;送入挤压机中挤压加工,固体喂料速度在挤压开始前为7t/h,设定挤压机四段温度分别为85℃、95℃、105℃、125℃,螺杆转速为110rpm,挤压机出料口的模头孔径为1mm,出料口处的切割机转速为250rpm;通过挤压机挤压出丝,并在模头处切割得50cm长度的条状产品;(6)对米粉条进行搓条处理,避免粘连;然后风干包装,即得低血糖指数米粉。
- 采用权利要求1~14任一所述的方法制备得到的米粉。
- 一种低血糖指数抗消化淀粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法是通过向大米淀粉中添加脱支酶和乳化剂,并经过挤压制备得到抗消化淀粉。
- 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述挤压中设定挤压机四段温度分别为45~55℃、55~65℃、65~75℃、75~95℃。
- 根据权利要求16或17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述脱支酶为普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶,脱支酶总添加量为40~60ASPU/g大米淀粉干基,普鲁兰酶和异淀粉酶的用量比为1∶(0.5-2)。
- 根据权利要求16-18任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯,添加量为大米淀粉的0.5%~1%(w/w)。
- 采用权利要求16~19任一所述的方法制备得到的低血糖指数抗消化淀粉。
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| CN111264867B (zh) * | 2020-02-26 | 2022-09-27 | 江南大学 | 一种抗消化淀粉的制备方法 |
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| CN118266576A (zh) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-07-02 | 安徽王仁和米线食品有限公司 | 一种低gi米线的制备方法及其使用的改性大豆分离蛋白-大米淀粉复合凝胶 |
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