WO2021014859A1 - 複層塗膜形成方法及び複層塗膜 - Google Patents
複層塗膜形成方法及び複層塗膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021014859A1 WO2021014859A1 PCT/JP2020/024466 JP2020024466W WO2021014859A1 WO 2021014859 A1 WO2021014859 A1 WO 2021014859A1 JP 2020024466 W JP2020024466 W JP 2020024466W WO 2021014859 A1 WO2021014859 A1 WO 2021014859A1
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- Prior art keywords
- coating film
- hydroxyl group
- uncured
- resin
- paint
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/791—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups
- C08G18/792—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/798—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing urethdione groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/002—Priming paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D2201/02—Polymeric substrate
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/10—Metallic substrate based on Fe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B05D2420/00—Indexing scheme corresponding to the position of each layer within a multilayer coating relative to the substrate
- B05D2420/02—Indexing scheme corresponding to the position of each layer within a multilayer coating relative to the substrate second layer from the substrate side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D2425/00—Indexing scheme corresponding to the position of each layer within a multilayer coating relative to the surface
- B05D2425/01—Indexing scheme corresponding to the position of each layer within a multilayer coating relative to the surface top layer/ last layer, i.e. first layer from the top surface
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- B05D2502/00—Acrylic polymers
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2503/00—Polyurethanes
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2508/00—Polyesters
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- B05D2601/04—Mica
- B05D2601/06—Coated Mica
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
- B05D2601/22—Silica
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a multi-layer coating film and a multi-layer coating film.
- Patent Document 1 in a painting method for continuously painting an automobile body, a resin part is attached after an undercoat is applied to the car body, a conductive primer is mainly applied to the resin part, and then an intermediate coating is applied, and further.
- a method of painting an automobile body is disclosed, which comprises painting a resin part and a car body integrally by top-coating.
- a water-based intermediate coating material is applied on a base material having both a steel plate and a plastic base material to form an intermediate coating film, and a water-based base coating material is applied on the formed intermediate coating film.
- an organic solvent-type clear coating material is applied to form a clear coating film, and the three layers of the intermediate coating coating film, the base coating film, and the clear coating film are heated and cured.
- An acrylic resin obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a monomer mixture containing (a) a crosslinkable monomer in an amount of 0.2 to 20% by mass based on 100% by mass of a resin solid content, which is a method for forming a coating film.
- Emulsion is 10 to 60% by mass in solid content
- water-soluble acrylic resin is 5 to 40% by mass in solid content
- melamine resin is 20 to 40% by mass in solid content
- propylene glycol mono A method for forming a multi-layer coating film is disclosed, which comprises containing 10 to 40 parts by mass of alkyl ether with respect to 100 parts by mass of a paint resin solid content.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for forming a white pearl coating film that can obtain a pearl coating film having high flip-flop properties and an excellent white pearl feeling.
- the water-based one-component interference color coating material (Y-2) is applied onto the uncured white coating film to form an uncured interference color coating film (3) and (3).
- the steps (5) of heating the uncured first colored coating film, the uncured white coating film, the uncured interference color coating film, and the uncured clear coating film at 75 to 100 ° C. and simultaneously curing them are sequentially performed.
- the aqueous one-component interference color coating material (Y-2) contains a vehicle-forming resin (A) and a titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B), and the vehicle-forming resin (A) is used.
- the titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B) is contained in an amount of 27 to 33 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass, the solid content of the paint is 20 to 24% by mass, and the solvent-based two-component clear paint (Z) contains a hydroxyl group.
- the amount of isocyanate groups in the polyisocyanate compound (Z2) is 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents of 1 equivalent of the hydroxyl groups in the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) for the acrylic resin (Z1) and the polyisocyanate compound (Z2).
- the polyisocyanate compound (Z2) is contained in a ratio of 10/90 to 50/50 in terms of solid content mass ratio of a polyisocyanate compound having a uretdione structure and a compound having a diisocyanate trimerate or more.
- the multi-layer coating film formed has a highlight brightness (L * (15 °)) of 125 to 130 and a flip flop (L * (15 °)) when measured with a multi-angle spectrophotometer. ) -L * (110 °)) is 45 to 55, and the highlight b value (b * (15 °)) is -2.0 to -1.0 in the multi-layer coating film forming method. is there.
- the aqueous two-component first coloring paint (X) is composed of a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1), a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2), a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3) and a polyisocyanate compound (X4), and a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X4). It contains 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents of isocyanate groups in the polyisocyanate compound (X4) with respect to 1 equivalent of hydroxyl groups in X1), hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) and hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3). It is preferable to do so.
- the water-based one-component white paint (Y-1) contains a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (Y1), a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Y2), a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (Y3), and a melamine resin (Y4), and is not yet at 20 ° C.
- the water absorption rate of the cured white coating film is preferably 6.5% or less.
- the plastic member is pre-painted with a primer.
- the plastic member is preferably made of a composite material of a polyamide resin and a modified polyphenylene ether resin.
- the solvent-based two-component clear paint (Z) preferably further contains polysiloxane-modified silica particles (Z3) having an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 40 nm.
- the multi-layer coating film of the present invention is obtained by the multi-layer coating film forming method of the present invention.
- the multi-layer coating film of the present invention is obtained by providing an uncured white coating film, an uncured interference color coating film, and an uncured clear coating film in this order, and then simultaneously curing these coating films. Therefore, it is presumed that a region in which the compositions of each coating film are partially mixed is formed at the interface of the coating film. Further, since the cured product contains a polymer, it is difficult to specify the structure of the multi-layer coating film by a general formula or the like, and it is also difficult to specify it by the characteristics of the multi-layer coating film.
- the multi-layer coating film of the present invention can be specified for the first time by the multi-layer coating film forming method of the present invention. Therefore, there are circumstances in which the multi-layer coating film of the present invention cannot be directly specified by its structure or characteristics, or is almost impractical.
- a white multi-layer coating film having excellent low-temperature curability, finished appearance, and design is formed on both a metal member and a plastic member of an automobile outer panel. be able to.
- the water-based two-component first colored paint (X) is coated on both the metal member and the plastic member of the automobile outer panel to form an uncured first colored coating film.
- the material of the metal member include iron, aluminum, brass, copper, tin, stainless steel, zinc-plated steel and zinc alloy (for example, Zn-Al, Zn-Ni, Zn-Fe, etc.) plated steel and the like. .. It is desirable that the surface of the metal member is subjected to surface treatment such as phosphate treatment, chromate treatment and composite oxide treatment, and further, it is desirable that the metal member is cationically electrodeposited.
- the material of the plastic member for example, a polyolefin obtained by (co) polymerizing one or more of olefins having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, and hexene; polycarbonate, ABS resin, urethane resin. , Polyamide resin, composite material of polyamide resin and modified polyphenylene ether resin, and the like.
- the plastic member include bumpers, spoilers, grills, fenders and the like.
- These plastic members may be primer-coated, if necessary.
- a conventionally known primer containing a chlorinated polyolefin, a blocked isocyanate resin, an epoxy resin, or the like can be used.
- the metal member and the plastic member can be assembled by a known method.
- the water-based two-component first coloring paint (X) contains a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1), a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2), a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3) and a polyisocyanate compound (X4) as film-forming components. Is preferable. From the viewpoint of low temperature curability, the isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate compound (X4) has 1 equivalent of the hydroxyl group in the hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1), the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) and the hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3). It is preferably contained in a proportion of 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents, and more preferably 1.5 to 1.9 equivalents.
- the hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1) is usually prepared by an esterification reaction using a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid, and if necessary, a monobasic acid, an oil component (including this fatty acid), and the like. Those obtained by neutralizing the polyester resin are included. It is appropriate that the weight average molecular weight of this polyester resin is generally in the range of about 3000 to 100,000, preferably 4000 to 70000, and more preferably 5000 to 30000.
- polyhydric alcohol examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentandiol, hexanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and ethylene oxide adducts of bisphenol compounds. And propylene oxide adducts, etc., which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polybasic acid examples include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and anhydrides thereof. , These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- monobasic acid examples include benzoic acid and t-butyl benzoic acid
- oil component include castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, saflower oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, and tall oil. , Palm oil and fatty acids thereof, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the introduction of a carboxyl group is carried out by using a polybasic acid such as trimellitic acid or pyromellitic acid having three or more carboxyl groups in one molecule in combination as a part of the polybasic acid component.
- a polybasic acid such as trimellitic acid or pyromellitic acid having three or more carboxyl groups in one molecule in combination as a part of the polybasic acid component.
- it can be carried out by adding a dicarboxylic acid by half ester.
- the introduction of hydroxyl groups can be easily performed, for example, by using a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin or trimethylolpropane having three or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule as a part of the polyhydric alcohol component. ..
- the carboxyl group of the hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1) can be neutralized with a basic substance.
- Water-soluble substances are preferable as the basic substance, for example, ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, morpholine, methylethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanol.
- Examples include amines, diisopropanolamines, 2-amino-2-methylpropanols, etc., which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1) generally has an acid value in the range of 10 to 100 mgKOH / g, further 20 to 80 mgKOH / g, particularly 20 to 50 mgKOH / g, and generally 10 to 300 mgKOH / g, further 30 to 200 mgKOH / g. In particular, it is preferable to have a hydroxyl value in the range of 50 to 200 mgKOH / g.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) is a mixture of a hydrophilic group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer such as a hydroxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer and a carboxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer, and a monomer mixture composed of other polymerizable unsaturated monomers.
- a water-soluble acrylic resin having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000, preferably 10,000 to 9,000, more preferably 20,000 to 80,000, obtained by polymerization, and having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, preferably 75,000 or more, still more preferably 100,000 or more.
- hydroxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer examples include acrylic acid such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, or hydroxy methacrylic acid.
- Alkyl esters Polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate and the like can be mentioned, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the carboxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and a half monoalkyl esterified product of a dicarboxylic acid among them.
- Examples of the hydrophilic group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer other than the above include polyalkylene chain-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomers such as polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate and polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the other polymerizable unsaturated monomer include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, i-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and i.
- the number of carbon atoms of (meth) acrylic acid such as -butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, and isobornyl (meth) acrylate.
- alkyl or cycloalkyl esters hydroxyalkyl of (meth) acrylic acids such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylates, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylates, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylates.
- Esters glycidyl (meth) acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, etc., each of which should be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can be done.
- the copolymerization of the above-mentioned monomer mixture can be carried out by a method known per se, for example, a solution polymerization method when a water-soluble acrylic resin is desired, an emulsion polymerization method when an acrylic resin emulsion is desired, or the like. Can be done by
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) is an acrylic resin emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization, it is a multilayer structure particulate emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture in multiple steps in the presence of water and an emulsifier. May be good.
- the carboxyl group of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) can be neutralized with the above-mentioned basic substance, if necessary.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) generally has an acid value in the range of 10 to 100 mgKOH / g, further 15 to 80 mgKOH / g, particularly 20 to 60 mgKOH / g, and generally 10 to 250 mgKOH / g, further 20 to 200 mgKOH / g. In particular, it is preferable to have a hydroxyl value in the range of 30 to 150 mgKOH / g.
- hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3) a hydrophilic polyurethane resin that can be dissolved or dispersed in water can be preferably used.
- aliphatic and / or alicyclic diisocyanate (ii) number average molecular weight. 500-5000 diols, (iii) low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and (iv) dimethylolalkanoic acid, usually 1 / 0.5-1 / 0.95, especially 1 / 0.6-1 / 0.9.
- urethane prepolymer obtained by reacting with an NCO / OH equivalent ratio within the range of the above by a one-shot method or a multi-step method after or while neutralizing.
- a self-emulsifying urethane resin having an average particle size of 0.001 to 1.0 ⁇ m, particularly 0.02 to 0.3 ⁇ m, obtained by distilling off part or all of the organic solvent used in the manufacturing process.
- An aqueous dispersion is preferred.
- the hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3) generally has an acid value in the range of 10 to 60 mgKOH / g, further 20 to 50 mgKOH / g, particularly 20 to 40 mgKOH / g, and generally 10 to 60 mgKOH / g, further 20 to 50 mgKOH / g. In particular, it is preferable to have a hydroxyl value in the range of 20 to 40 mgKOH / g.
- the polyisocyanate compound (X4) is a compound having at least two unblocked isocyanate groups in one molecule, and is, for example, an aliphatic polyisocyanate, an alicyclic polyisocyanate, an aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanate, or an aromatic. Examples thereof include group polyisocyanates and derivatives of the polyisocyanates. Examples of the polyisocyanate derivative include the above-mentioned polyisocyanate dimer, trimmer, biuret, allophanate, uretdione, and isocyanurate.
- the above polyisocyanate and its derivative may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, among these polyisocyanates, it is preferable to use aliphatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates and derivatives thereof individually or in combination of two or more.
- the polyisocyanate compound (X4) it is preferable to use a water-dispersible polyisocyanate compound from the viewpoint of smoothness of the obtained coating film.
- a water-dispersible polyisocyanate compound any polyisocyanate compound that can be stably dispersed in an aqueous medium can be used without limitation.
- the polyisocyanate compound (X4) and the surfactant are mixed in advance to impart water dispersibility, and the like can be preferably used.
- the hydrophilic polyisocyanate compound (X4-1) is, for example, an anionic hydrophilic polyisocyanate obtained by reacting an active hydrogen group of an active hydrogen group-containing compound having an anionic group with an isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound.
- examples thereof include the compound (X4-1-1) and the nonionic hydrophilic polyisocyanate compound (X4-1-2) obtained by reacting a hydrophilic polyether alcohol such as a monoalcohol of polyoxyethylene with a polyisocyanate compound. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the active hydrogen group-containing compound having an anionic group has an anionic group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, and a betaine structure-containing group, and can react with an isocyanate group, for example, a hydroxyl group.
- a compound having an active hydrogen group such as an amino group is included, and hydrophilicity can be imparted to the polyisocyanate compound by reacting the compound with the polyisocyanate compound.
- the anionic hydrophilic polyisocyanate compound (X4-1-1) those having a sulfonic acid group are particularly preferable.
- the water-based two-component first coloring paint (X) includes pigments such as coloring pigments and extender pigments, curing agents other than the polyisocyanate compound (X4) such as melamine resin, curing catalysts, and thickeners, as required.
- pigments such as coloring pigments and extender pigments
- curing agents other than the polyisocyanate compound (X4) such as melamine resin, curing catalysts, and thickeners, as required.
- Additives for paints such as an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a defoaming agent, a plasticizer, an organic solvent, a surface conditioner, and an anti-settling agent can be appropriately contained.
- the water-based two-component first coloring paint (X) can be applied onto an object to be coated by a method known per se, for example, air spray coating, airless spray coating, rotary atomization coating, curtain coat coating, and the like. At the time of painting, electrostatic application may be performed. Among these, methods such as air spray coating and rotary atomization coating are preferable.
- the coating amount is usually 10 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 40 ⁇ m as the cured film thickness.
- the aqueous one-component white paint (Y-1) is coated on the uncured first colored coating film obtained in the step (1) to form an uncured white coating film.
- the aqueous one-component white paint (Y-1) used in the present invention contains a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (Y1), a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Y2), a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (Y3), and a melamine resin (Y4). It is preferable to do so.
- the water-based one-component white paint (Y-1) can be prepared by dispersing coloring components such as a coloring pigment and a bright pigment in an aqueous medium together with these resin components.
- the hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (Y1), the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Y2) and the hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (Y3) are the above-mentioned hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (X1), hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (X2) and hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin (X3).
- the ones described in the above can be used as appropriate.
- a butyl / methyl mixed etherified melamine resin having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1500 to 3000, preferably 1500 to 2500, and more preferably 1500 to 2000 can be used.
- the molar ratio of butyl ether group / methyl ether group present is usually preferably in the range of 4/6 to 9/1, particularly preferably 5/5 to 9/1.
- Examples of the coloring pigment used in the water-based one-component white paint (Y-1) include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon black and the like.
- a curing agent other than the melamine resin (Y4) if necessary, an extender pigment, a curing agent other than the melamine resin (Y4), a curing catalyst, a thickener, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, and a defoaming agent.
- Plasticizers, organic solvents, surface conditioners, anti-settling agents and other paint additives can be appropriately contained.
- the water-based one-component white paint (Y-1) can be applied onto the first colored coating by a method known per se, for example, air spray coating, airless spray coating, rotary atomization coating, curtain coat coating, or the like. It is possible, and electrostatic application may be performed at the time of painting. Among these, methods such as air spray coating and rotary atomization coating are preferable.
- the coating amount is usually preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m as the cured film thickness.
- it is desirable that the water-based one-component white paint (Y-1) has a water absorption rate of 6.5% or less of the uncured white coating film at 20 ° C. from the viewpoint of finished appearance and the like.
- the water absorption rate of the uncured white coating film is measured as follows.
- a water-based one-component white color on an OHP film (XEROX FILM No. V515, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) cut to a size of 10 cm x 15 cm whose mass (W1) was measured in advance in addition to regular coating.
- the mass of the OHP film coated with the water-based one-component white paint (Y-1) according to the time for applying the clear coat paint (Y-1). W2) was measured, and then the OHP film coated with the aqueous one-component white paint (Y-1) was immersed in deionized water at 20 ° C.
- the water-based one-component interference color coating material (Y-2) is coated on the uncured white coating film obtained in the step (2) to form an uncured interference color coating film.
- the water-based one-component interference color coating material (Y-2) contains a vehicle-forming resin (A) and a titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B).
- the vehicle forming resin (A) it is preferable to use a substrate resin and a cross-linking agent in combination.
- a substrate resin for example, acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, polyurethane resin and the like can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the substrate resin preferably has a crosslinkable functional group such as a hydroxyl group.
- cross-linking agent examples include amino resins, polyisocyanate compounds, blocked polyisocyanate compounds, epoxy group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing compounds, carbodiimide group-containing compounds, hydrazide group-containing compounds, and semicarbodiide group-containing compounds.
- an amino resin capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group, a polyisocyanate compound, a blocked polyisocyanate compound, and a carbodiimide group-containing compound capable of reacting with a carboxyl group are preferable.
- the above-mentioned cross-linking agent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the water-based one-component interference color paint (Y-2) contains 27 to 33 parts by mass of titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B) based on 100 parts by mass of the vehicle-forming resin (A), and has a paint solid content of 20 to 33 parts by mass. It is 24% by mass.
- the vehicle-forming resin (A) can be used by being dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent and / or a solvent such as water.
- the titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B) is a pigment using synthetic mica as a base material and coating the surface of the base material with titanium oxide.
- Synthetic mica is synthesized by heating industrial raw materials such as SiO 2 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 , K 2 SiF 6 , and Na 2 SiF 6 , melting them at a high temperature of about 1500 ° C., cooling them, and crystallizing them. It has less impurities, is uniform in size and thickness, and has a high degree of whiteness when compared with natural mica.
- fluorine gold mica KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 F 2
- potassium tetrasilicon mica KMg 2.5 AlSi 4 O 10 F 2
- sodium tetrasilicon mica NaMg 2 .5 AlSi 4 O 10 F 2
- Na teniolite NaMg 2 LiSi 4 O 10 F
- LiNa teniolite LiMg 2 LiSi 4 O 10 F 2
- Interference color can be expressed depending on the thickness of the coating.
- the solvent-based two-component clear coating film (Z) is applied onto the uncured interference color coating film obtained in the step (3) to form an uncured clear coating film.
- the solvent-based two-component clear paint (Z) contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) and a polyisocyanate compound (Z2) in the polyisocyanate compound (Z2) with respect to 1 equivalent of the hydroxyl groups in the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1). Isocyanate group is contained in a ratio of 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) can usually be produced by copolymerizing a hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer and another unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the monomer by a conventional method.
- the hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer is a compound having at least one hydroxyl group and one polymerizable unsaturated bond in one molecule, and is, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-.
- a monoesterified product of (meth) acrylic acid such as hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate and a divalent alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms; (meth) acrylic acid and 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- examples thereof include a ⁇ -caprolactone modified product of a monoesterified product with a divalent alcohol; an allyl alcohol; a (meth) acrylate having a polyoxyethylene chain having a hydroxyl group at the molecular end.
- Examples of other unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, i-propyl (meth) acrylate, and n.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g and further 90 to 170 mgKOH / g, particularly 100 to 100, from the viewpoint of finished appearance such as smoothness and vividness and coating film performance such as weather resistance. It is preferably in the range of 140 mgKOH / g, and the acid value is preferably in the range of 1 to 40 mgKOH / g, further 3 to 30 mgKOH / g, and particularly 5 to 20 mgKOH / g.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) has a weight average molecular weight of 4000 to 20000, further 6000 to 16000, particularly 8000 to 12000, from the viewpoint of finished appearance such as smoothness and vividness and coating film performance such as weather resistance. It is preferably within the range.
- the polyisocyanate compound (Z2) is a mixture of a polyisocyanate compound having a uretdione structure and a compound having a trimer of diisocyanate or more in terms of solid content mass ratio of 10/90 to 50/50, preferably 15/85 to 40/60, and further. It is preferably contained in the range of 15/85 to 35/65. If the content ratio of the polyisocyanate compound having a uretdione structure and the compound of a trimer or more of diisocyanate is out of the above range, the curability of the finally formed multi-layer coating film becomes insufficient, and the coating film performance becomes insufficient. It is not preferable because it becomes.
- polyisocyanate compound having a uretdione structure a uretdione compound of hexamethylene diisocyanate produced by a method known per se is suitable.
- the compound having a trimer or more of diisocyanate for example, an isocyanurate form of diisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, a biuret form, an allophanate form and the like can be used.
- the ratio of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) to the polyisocyanate compound (Z2) is such that the polyisocyanate compound (Z1) is used with respect to 1 equivalent of the hydroxyl group in the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (Z1) from the viewpoint of ensuring the curability of the multi-layer coating film. It is preferable to select so that the isocyanate group in Z2) has a ratio of 1.5 to 1.9 equivalents.
- the solvent-based two-component clear paint (Z) can contain polysiloxane-modified silica particles (Z3) having an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 40 nm, if necessary, from the viewpoint of scratch resistance.
- the polysiloxane-modified silica particles (Z3) are silica particles having a structure in which the particle surface is modified by a polysiloxane chain, and conventionally known particles can be used, and commercially available products such as "NANOBYK-3650" and “NANOBYK-3651” can be used. , "NANOBYK-3652" (both are trade names, manufactured by BYK) and the like.
- the average primary particle size is a particle size (D50) at which the integrated particle size distribution from the small particle size side is 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- the solvent-based two-component clear paint (Z) can contain a coloring pigment to the extent that the transparency is not impaired, if necessary, and further, an extender pigment, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a defoaming agent, etc.
- a thickener, a rust preventive, a surface conditioner and the like can be appropriately contained.
- the solvent-based two-component clear paint (Z) can be applied onto the second colored coating by a method known per se, for example, air spray coating, airless spray coating, rotary atomization coating, curtain coat coating, or the like. , Electrostatic application may be performed at the time of painting. Among these, methods such as air spray coating and rotary atomization coating are preferable.
- the coating amount is usually 25 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 45 ⁇ m as the cured film thickness.
- Step (5) In the step (5) of the present invention, the uncured first colored coating film, the uncured white coating film, the uncured interference color coating film and the uncured clear coating film formed in the steps (1) to (4).
- the film is heated at 75-100 ° C. and cured at the same time.
- the curing of the uncured first colored coating film, the uncured white coating film, the uncured interference color coating film and the uncured clear coating film is carried out by ordinary coating film baking means, for example, hot air heating or infrared heating. , High frequency heating, etc.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 60 minutes, particularly preferably about 15 to 40 minutes.
- a multi-layer coating film including an uncured first colored coating film, an uncured white coating film, an uncured interference color coating film, and an uncured clear coating film can be cured at the same time.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower.
- the multi-layer coating film formed by steps (1) to (5) in the present invention has a highlight brightness (L * (15 °)) of 125 to 130 when measured with a multi-angle spectrophotometer. Yes, the flip-flop (L * (15 °) -L * (110 °)) is 45 to 55, and the highlight b value (b * (15 °)) is -2.0 to -1. It is 0, is white, and has excellent brilliance.
- the highlight brightness L * (15 °) value is 45 ° with respect to the axis perpendicular to the measurement target surface using a multi-angle spectrophotometer (trade name “MA68II”, manufactured by X-rite Co., Ltd.). It is the L * value measured for the light received at an angle of 15 ° in the direction of the measurement light from the normal reflection angle by irradiating the measurement light from the angle of. The higher the L * (15 °) value, the higher the brightness of the obtained coating film and the whiter it is.
- the flip-flop (L * (15 °) ⁇ L * (110 °)) refers to the degree of change in the reflected light intensity when the observation angle (light receiving angle) changes.
- the flip-flop value may be abbreviated as the FF value.
- the L value (brightness) of the light receiving angle of 15 ° and the light receiving angle of 110 ° was measured using a multi-angle spectrophotometer (trade name "MA68II", manufactured by X-rite Co., Ltd.), and the following Calculated by the formula.
- FF value L value with a light receiving angle of 15 ° -L value with a light receiving angle of 110 °
- excellent in flip-flop property means that when the coating film is visually observed, the brightness is high in the vicinity of the specular reflection direction (highlight), while the hue is clearly visible from the oblique direction, and the difference in brightness between the two. Means that is large. That is, a coating film having excellent flip-flop properties is a coating film whose brightness changes remarkably depending on the viewing angle.
- the b value (b * (15 °)) of the highlight is determined by using a multi-angle spectrophotometer (trade name “MA68II” manufactured by X-rite Co., Ltd.) according to the method of JIS Z 8729 (2004). It is a measured b value of a light receiving angle of 15 °. Specifically, it is a b * value measured for light received at an angle of 15 ° in the direction of the measurement light from the specular reflection angle by irradiating the measurement light from an angle of 45 ° with respect to the axis perpendicular to the measurement target surface. ..
- the multi-layer coating film obtained by the multi-layer coating film forming method of the present invention is a white-based coating film having excellent design as described above, and as described later, a smoothness and water resistance test (blister, adhesion). Properties) and recoat adhesion is excellent.
- the remaining monomer emulsion (1) was added dropwise to the reaction vessel kept at the same temperature over 3 hours, and aging was carried out for 1 hour after the completion of the addition.
- the following monomer emulsion (2) was added dropwise over 1 hour and aged for 1 hour, and then 40 parts of a 5% dimethylethanolamine aqueous solution was gradually added to the reaction vessel and cooled to 30 ° C. to cool 100 mesh nylon.
- the particles were discharged while being filtered through a cloth, diluted with deionized water using a submicron particle size distribution measuring device "COOLTER N4 type" (trade name, manufactured by Beckman Coulter Co., Ltd.), and measured at 20 ° C.
- a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin dispersion having a solid content concentration of 30% was obtained.
- the obtained hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin had an acid value of 33 mgKOH / g and a hydroxyl value of 25 mgKOH / g.
- -Monomer emulsion (1) 42 parts of deionized water, 0.72 parts of "Aqualon KH-10", 2.1 parts of methylenebisacrylamide, 2.8 parts of styrene, 16.1 parts of methyl methacrylate, 28 parts of ethyl acrylate and 21 parts of n-butyl acrylate. The mixture was mixed and stirred to obtain a monomer emulsion (1).
- -Monomer emulsion (2) 18 parts of deionized water, 0.31 part of "Aqualon KH-10", 0.03 part of ammonium persulfate, 5.1 part of methacrylic acid, 5.1 part of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 3 parts of styrene, 6 parts of methyl methacrylate, 1.8 parts of ethyl acrylate and 9 parts of n-butyl acrylate were mixed and stirred to obtain a monomer emulsion (2).
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (e) has a solid content of 70 parts, an isocyanate cross-linking agent (Z2-1) (hexamethylene diisocyanate uretdione 20% and a trimer or more 80%, NCO content 20%, viscosity). 800 mPa ⁇ s / 25 ° C.) was uniformly mixed in an amount such that the NCO / OH ratio was 1.7, and mixed with an organic solvent (solveso 100 / methoxypropyl acetate equal mass mixture) to obtain Ford Cup No. The viscosity was adjusted to be 20 seconds at 20 ° C. by the measurement according to No. 4, and a clear paint (Z-1) was obtained.
- Z2-1 hexamethylene diisocyanate uretdione 20% and a trimer or more 80%, NCO content 20%, viscosity
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (e) in Production Example 14 will be described.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (e) is obtained by radically polymerizing 25 parts of styrene, 20 parts of n-butyl methacrylate, 30 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 24 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 1 part of acrylic acid by a conventional method. It is an acrylic resin having a value of 120 mgKOH / g and a weight average molecular weight of 8000.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (e) has a solid content of 70 parts and an isocyanate cross-linking agent (Z2-2) (hexamethylene diisocyanate uretdione less than 1%, trimer or more and 99% or more, NCO content 20%.
- Z2-2 isocyanate cross-linking agent
- Viscosity 1200 mPa ⁇ s / 25 ° C. was uniformly mixed in an amount such that the NCO / OH ratio was 1.7, and mixed with an organic solvent (toluene / xylene equal mass mixture) to obtain Ford Cup No.
- the viscosity was adjusted to be 14 seconds at 20 ° C. by the measurement according to No. 4, and a clear paint (Z-4) was obtained.
- thermosetting epoxy resin-based cationic electrodeposition coating composition (trade name "Electron NT-360", manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.) is applied to a cold-rolled steel sheet (450 mm x 300 mm x 0.8 mm) treated with zinc phosphate. ) was electrodeposited to a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m and heated at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes to cure.
- a polypropylene plate (which has been degreased) is air-spray coated with a primer "Soflex 3100" (trade name, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.) so that the dry film thickness is 7 ⁇ m, and the temperature is 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. It was heated and cured. Then, the surfaces of the metal member and the plastic member were degreased and arranged adjacent to each other to form a test plate 1.
- a nonyl GTX plate (degreased) is air-spray coated with a primer "Soflex 3100" (trade name: manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.) so that the dry film thickness is 7 ⁇ m, and 30 at 80 ° C. Heated for minutes to cure. Then, the surfaces of the metal member and the plastic member were degreased and arranged adjacent to each other to form a test plate 2.
- a primer "Soflex 3100" trade name: manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
- test coating plate The above-mentioned test plates were electrostatically coated with the above-mentioned water-based first colored paints (X-1) to (X-3) in the combination shown in Table 2 so as to have a dry film thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and set at room temperature for 3 minutes. Therefore, the water-based white paint (Y-1-1) was electrostatically coated so as to have a dry film thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and left at room temperature for 2 minutes. Next, the above-mentioned water-based interference color paints (Y-2-1) to (Y-2-9) were electrostatically coated so as to have a dry film thickness of 10 ⁇ m, left at room temperature for 3 minutes, and then prepared at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes. It was dry.
- the clear paints (Z-1) to (Z-6) are electrostatically coated so as to have a dry film thickness of 35 ⁇ m, left at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then heated in an oven at 85 ° C. for 20 minutes. A test coating plate on which a multi-layer coating film was formed was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the content of the titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B) in the aqueous one-component interference color coating type (Y-2) was 25 parts by mass was inferior in design.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the content of the titanium oxide-coated synthetic mica (B) in the water-based one-component interference color coating type (Y-2) was 35 parts by mass was inferior in smoothness and water resistance test (blister, adhesion). ..
- Comparative Example 3 in which titanium oxide-coated natural mica was used in the water-based one-component interference color coating type (Y-2) was inferior in design.
- Comparative Example 4 in which the paint solid content in the water-based one-component interference color paint type (Y-2) was 18% was inferior in design.
- Comparative Example 5 in which the paint solid content in the water-based one-component interference color paint type (Y-2) was 26% was inferior in design.
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Abstract
Description
例えば特許文献1には、自動車車体を連続的に塗装する塗装方法において、車体に下塗塗装した後、樹脂部品を取付け、導電性プライマーを、主に樹脂部品に塗布し、次いで中塗塗装し、さらに上塗塗装して、樹脂部品と車体を一体で塗装することを特徴とする自動車車体の塗装方法が開示されている。
また、上記特許文献3に記載の発明では、ハイライトの明度及びフリップフロップ性が不十分な場合があり、さらに高い意匠性を有することが求められている。
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、自動車外板の金属部材及びプラスチック部材の両部材上に、低温硬化性、仕上り外観、及び意匠性に優れる白色系の複層塗膜を形成する複層塗膜形成方法及び複層塗膜を提供することを目的とするものである。
なお、本発明の複層塗膜は、未硬化の白色塗膜、未硬化の干渉色塗膜、及び未硬化のクリア塗膜をこの順に設けた後、これらの塗膜を同時に硬化させたものであるので、塗膜の界面において各塗膜の組成物が一部混ざり合った領域が形成されているものと推定される。また、硬化物には重合物を含むため、複層塗膜の構造を一般式等で特定することは困難であり、複層塗膜の特性によって特定することも困難である。すなわち、本発明の複層塗膜は、本発明における複層塗膜形成方法によって初めて特定することが可能である。
したがって、本発明の複層塗膜については、その構造又は特性により直接特定することが不可能であるか、又はおよそ実際的でないという事情が存在するものである。
[工程(1)]
本発明の工程(1)では、自動車外板の金属部材及びプラスチック部材の両部材上に、水性2液型第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して未硬化の第1着色塗膜を形成する。
金属部材の材料としては、例えば、鉄、アルミニウム、真鍮、銅、ブリキ、ステンレス鋼、亜鉛メッキ鋼及び亜鉛合金(例えば、Zn-Al、Zn-Ni及びZn-Fe等)メッキ鋼等が挙げられる。金属部材はその表面に、リン酸塩処理、クロメート処理及び複合酸化物処理等の表面処理を施したものであることが望ましく、さらにカチオン電着塗装がなされていることが望ましい。
上記金属部材とプラスチック部材とは既知の方法により組み付けることができる。
本発明の工程(2)では、工程(1)で得られた未硬化の第1着色塗膜上に水性1液型白色塗料(Y-1)を塗装して未硬化の白色塗膜を形成する。
本発明において使用される水性1液型白色塗料(Y-1)は、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(Y1)、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(Y2)、水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂(Y3)及びメラミン樹脂(Y4)を含有することが好ましい。
また、水性1液型白色塗料(Y-1)は、これら樹脂成分と共に、着色顔料、光輝顔料などの着色成分を水性媒体中に分散せしめることにより調製することができる。
本発明では、水性1液型白色塗料(Y-1)は、20℃における未硬化の白色塗膜の吸水率が6.5%以下であることが仕上り外観等の点から望ましい。
吸水率(%)={(W3-W2)/(W2-W1)}×100 (1)
本発明の工程(3)では、工程(2)で得られた未硬化の白色塗膜上に水性1液型干渉色塗料(Y-2)を塗装して未硬化の干渉色塗膜を形成する。
水性1液型干渉色塗料(Y-2)は、ビヒクル形成樹脂(A)及び酸化チタン被覆合成雲母(B)を含有する。
本発明の工程(4)では、工程(3)で得られた未硬化の干渉色塗膜上に溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装して未硬化のクリヤ塗膜を形成する。
溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)は、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(Z1)及びポリイソシアネート化合物(Z2)を、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(Z1)中の水酸基1当量に対し、ポリイソシアネート化合物(Z2)中のイソシアネート基が1.5~2.0当量となる割合で含有するものである。
平均一次粒子径とは、体積基準の粒度分布において、小粒径側からの積算粒径分布が50%となる粒径(D50)である。
本発明の工程(5)では、工程(1)から(4)で形成された未硬化の第1着色塗膜、未硬化の白色塗膜、未硬化の干渉色塗膜及び未硬化のクリヤ塗膜を75~100℃で加熱して同時に硬化する。
上記未硬化の第1着色塗膜、未硬化の白色塗膜、未硬化の干渉色塗膜及び未硬化のクリヤ塗膜の硬化は、通常の塗膜の焼付け手段、例えば、熱風加熱、赤外線加熱、高周波加熱等により行うことができる。加熱時間は、特に制限されるものではないが、通常10~60分間程度、特に15~40分間程度が好ましい。この加熱により、未硬化の第1着色塗膜、未硬化の白色塗膜、未硬化の干渉色塗膜及び未硬化のクリヤ塗膜からなる複層塗膜を同時に硬化させることできる。
加熱温度は、80℃以上90℃以下がより好ましい。
FF値は、多角度分光測色計(商品名「MA68II」、X-rite株式会社製)を使用して、受光角15°及び受光角110°のL値(明度)を測定し、下記の式によって算出される。
FF値=受光角15°のL値-受光角110°のL値
FF値が大きいほど、観察角度(受光角)によるL値(明度)の変化が大きく、フリップフロップ性に優れていることを示す。
[製造例1]
水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂溶液(a)44.2部(樹脂固形分20部)、「JR-806」(商品名、テイカ株式会社製、ルチル型二酸化チタン)60部、「カーボンMA-100」(商品名、三菱ケミカル株式会社製、カーボンブラック)1部、「バリエースB-35」(商品名、堺化学工業株式会社製、硫酸バリウム粉末、平均一次粒子径0.5μm)30部、「MICRO ACE S-3」(商品名、日本タルク株式会社製、タルク粉末、平均一次粒子径4.8μm)5部及び脱イオン水45部を混合し、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールでpH8.0に調整した後、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散して顔料分散ペーストを得た。
次に、得られた顔料分散ペースト180部(樹脂固形分20部)、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液(b)66.7部(樹脂固形分20部)、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂溶液(a)11.1部(樹脂固形分5部)、「ユーコートUX-5210」(商品名、三洋化成工業株式会社製、ポリカーボネート系水性ポリウレタン樹脂、固形分32%)78部(樹脂固形分25部)、錫触媒「Scat-1W」(第一三共ケミカルファーマ株式会社製、商品名、ブチル錫系化合物)0.1部、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール及び脱イオン水を加えてpH調整し、さらにスルホン酸変性ポリイソシアネート化合物溶液(c)をNCO/OH比が1.7となるような量を均一に混合し、pH8.0及び20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度55秒の水性第1着色塗料(X-1)を得た。
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン174部、ネオペンチルグリコール327部、アジピン酸352部、イソフタル酸109部及びヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸101部を仕込み、160℃から230℃まで3時間かけて昇温させた後、生成した縮合水を水分離器により留去させながら230℃で保持し、酸価が3mgKOH/g以下となるまで反応させた。この反応生成物に、無水トリメリット酸59部を添加し、170℃で30分間付加反応を行った後、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールを酸基に対して当量添加し中和してから、脱イオン水を徐々に添加し水分散することにより、固形分濃度45%及びpH7.2の水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂溶液を得た。得られた水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂は、酸価が35mgKOH/g、水酸基価が130mgKOH/gであった。
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌器、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に脱イオン水130部、「アクアロンKH-10」(商品名、第一工業製薬株式会社製)0.52部を仕込み、窒素気流中で攪拌混合し、80℃に昇温した。次いで下記のモノマー乳化物(1)のうちの全量の1%量及び6%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液5.3部を反応容器内に導入し80℃で15分間保持した。その後、残りのモノマー乳化物(1)を3時間かけて、同温度に保持した反応容器内に滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成を行なった。その後、下記のモノマー乳化物(2)を1時間かけて滴下し、1時間熟成した後、5%ジメチルエタノールアミン水溶液40部を反応容器に徐々に加えながら30℃まで冷却し、100メッシュのナイロンクロスで濾過しながら排出し、平均粒子径100nm(サブミクロン粒度分布測定装置「COULTER N4型」(商品名、ベックマン・コールター株式会社製)を用いて、脱イオン水で希釈し20℃で測定した。)、固形分濃度30%の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液を得た。得られた水酸基含有アクリル樹脂は、酸価が33mgKOH/g、水酸基価が25mgKOH/gであった。
脱イオン水42部、「アクアロンKH-10」0.72部、メチレンビスアクリルアミド2.1部、スチレン2.8部、メチルメタクリレート16.1部、エチルアクリレート28部及びn-ブチルアクリレート21部を混合攪拌して、モノマー乳化物(1)を得た。
脱イオン水18部、「アクアロンKH-10」0.31部、過硫酸アンモニウム0.03部、メタクリル酸5.1部、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート5.1部、スチレン3部、メチルメタクリレート6部、エチルアクリレート1.8部及びn-ブチルアクリレート9部を混合攪拌して、モノマー乳化物(2)を得た。
イソシアヌレート基を有し、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)に基づき、21.7%のNCO含有量、3.5の平均NCO官能価(GPCによる)、0.1%のモノマーHDI含量及び3000mPasの粘度(23℃)を有するポリイソシアネート970g(5.00mol)、3-(シクロヘキシルアミノ)プロパンスルホン酸30g(0.14mol)、ジメチルシクロヘキシルアミン17.4g(0.14mol)及び1-メトキシプロピル2-アセテート254gを、乾燥窒素下で、80℃で5時間攪拌して反応させることにより、固形分80%及びNCO含有率16.0%のスルホン酸変性ポリイソシアネート化合物溶液を得た。
製造例1において、スルホン酸変性ポリイソシアネート化合物溶液(c)の量を、NCO/OH比が1.5となるようにした以外は製造例1と同様にして、水性第1着色塗料(X-2)を得た。
製造例1において、スルホン酸変性ポリイソシアネート化合物溶液(c)の量を、NCO/OH比が1.3となるようにした以外は製造例1と同様にして、水性第1着色塗料(X-3)を得た。
[製造例4]
水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂溶液(a)44.2部(樹脂固形分20部)、「JR-806」(商品名、テイカ株式会社製、ルチル型二酸化チタン)100部及び脱イオン水45部を混合し、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールでpH8.0に調整した後、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散して顔料分散ペーストを得た。
次に、得られた顔料分散ペースト189.2部(樹脂固形分20部)、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(d)7.1部(樹脂固形分5部)に、攪拌しながら、固形分80%のメラミン樹脂(メチル-ブチル混合エーテル化メラミン樹脂)12.5部(樹脂固形分で10部)、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液(b)183部(樹脂固形分55部)及び「ユーコートUX-5210」(商品名、三洋化成工業株式会社製、ポリカーボネート系水性ポリウレタン樹脂、固形分32%)31部(樹脂固形分10部)を添加した。さらに、ジメチルエタノールアミン及び脱イオン水を添加してpH8.0、フォードカップNo.4による測定で20℃にて50秒の粘度となるように調整し、水性白色塗料(Y-1-1)を得た。この塗料による20℃における未硬化の白色塗膜の吸水率は5.7%であった。
(水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(d))
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン109部、1,6-ヘキサンジオール141部、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸126部及びアジピン酸120部を仕込み、160℃~230℃の間を3時間かけて昇温させた後、230℃で4時間縮合反応させた。次いで、得られた縮合反応生成物にカルボキシル基を付加するために、さらに無水トリメリット酸38.3部を加え、170℃で30分間反応させた後、2-エチル-1-ヘキサノールで希釈し、固形分濃度70%である水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂溶液を得た。得られた水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂は、酸価が46mgKOH/g、水酸基価が150mgKOH/gであった。
[製造例5]
水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(d)35.7部(樹脂固形分25部)に、攪拌しながら、固形分80%のメラミン樹脂(メチル-ブチル混合エーテル化メラミン樹脂)12.5部(樹脂固形分で10部)、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂分散液(b)183部(樹脂固形分55部)及び「ユーコートUX-5210」(商品名、三洋化成工業株式会社製、ポリカーボネート系水性ポリウレタン樹脂、固形分32%)31部(樹脂固形分10部)を添加した。その後、光干渉性顔料である「アルテイミカSC-100SO」(商品名、日本光研工業社製、酸化チタン被覆合成雲母顔料)30部を攪拌しながら添加して混合分散し、さらに、「プライマルASE-60」(商品名、ダウケミカル社製、増粘剤)、ジメチルエタノールアミン及び脱イオン水を添加してpH8.0、塗料固形分23%、フォードカップNo.4による測定で20℃にて45秒の粘度となるように調整し、水性干渉色塗料(Y-2-1)を得た。
製造例5において、光干渉性顔料の種類及び含有量ならびに塗料固形分を下記表1に示すように変更した以外は、製造例5と同様にして、pH8.0、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度が50秒の水性干渉色塗料(Y-2-2)~(Y-2-9)を得た。
[製造例14]
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(e)を固形分質量で70部に、イソシアネート架橋剤(Z2-1)(ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートのウレトジオン体20%及び3量体以上80%からなる、NCO含有量20%、粘度800mPa・s/25℃)をNCO/OH比が1.7となるような量を均一に混合し、有機溶剤(ソルベッソ100/メトキシプロピルアセテート等質量混合液)と混合して、フォードカップNo.4による測定で20℃にて20秒の粘度となるように調整し、クリヤ塗料(Z-1)を得た。
(水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(e))
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(e)は、スチレン25部、n-ブチルメタクリレート20部、n-ブチルアクリレート30部、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート24部及びアクリル酸1部を常法によりラジカル重合反応させて得られる、水酸基価が120mgKOH/g及び重量平均分子量が8000のアクリル樹脂である。
製造例14において、イソシアネート架橋剤(Z2-1)の量を、NCO/OH比が1.5となるようにした以外は製造例14と同様にして、クリヤ塗料(Z-2)を得た。
製造例14において、「NANOBYK-3652」(商品名、直鎖アルキル基変性ポリジメチルシロキサン変性シリカ粒子分散液、平均粒子径20nm、固形分濃度31%(シリカ粒子濃度25%)、BYK社製、)を2部添加した以外は製造例14と同様にして、クリヤ塗料(Z-3)を得た。
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(e)を固形分質量で70部に、イソシアネート架橋剤(Z2-2)(ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートのウレトジオン体1%未満、3量体以上99%以上からなる、NCO含有量20%、粘度1200mPa・s/25℃)をNCO/OH比が1.7となるような量で均一に混合し、有機溶剤(トルエン/キシレン等質量混合液)と混合して、フォードカップNo.4による測定で20℃にて14秒の粘度となるように調整し、クリヤ塗料(Z-4)を得た。
製造例14において、イソシアネート架橋剤(Z2-1)の量を、NCO/OH比が1.2となるようにした以外は製造例14と同様にして、クリヤ塗料(Z-5)を得た。
製造例14において、イソシアネート架橋剤(Z2-1)の量を、NCO/OH比が2.2となるようにした以外は製造例14と同様にして、クリヤ塗料(Z-6)を得た。
(試験板1及び2の作製)
金属部材として、リン酸亜鉛処理された冷延鋼板(450mm×300mm×0.8mm)に、熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂系カチオン電着塗料組成物(商品名「エレクロンNT-360」、関西ペイント社製)を膜厚20μmになるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分加熱して硬化させた。
プラスチック部材として、ポリプロピレン板(脱脂処理済み)に、プライマー「ソフレックス3100」(商品名、関西ペイント株式会社製)を乾燥膜厚で7μmになるようにエアスプレー塗装を行ない、80℃で30分間加熱し硬化させた。そして、金属部材及びプラスチック部材の表面を脱脂処理しこれらを隣接配置して、試験板1とした。
またプラスチック部材としてノニルGTX板(脱脂処理済み)に、プライマー「ソフレックス3100」(商品名:関西ペイント株式会社製)を乾燥膜厚で7μmになるようにエアスプレー塗装を行ない、80℃で30分間加熱し硬化させた。そして、金属部材及びプラスチック部材の表面を脱脂処理しこれらを隣接配置して、試験板2とした。
上記試験板に、表2に示す組み合わせで、上記水性第1着色塗料(X-1)~(X-3)を乾燥膜厚20μmになるように静電塗装し、室温で3分間セッティングしてから、上記水性白色塗料(Y-1-1)を乾燥膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、室温で2分間放置した。次に、上記水性干渉色塗料(Y-2-1)~(Y-2-9)を乾燥膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、室温で3分間放置しその後80℃で5分間予備乾燥した。次に、上記クリヤ塗料(Z-1)~(Z-6)を乾燥膜厚35μmになるように静電塗装し、室温で5分間放置してから、85℃のオーブンで20分間加熱して複層塗膜が形成された試験塗板を得た。
実施例及び比較例の試験塗板について、以下の塗膜性能試験を行った。評価結果を表2に併せて示す。
各試験塗板の仕上り性は平滑性で評価した。「Wave Scan DOI」(商品名、BYK Gardner社製)によって測定されるWd値を用いて、以下の基準で評価した。Wd値が小さいほど塗面の平滑性が高いことを示す。
-評価基準-
AA:Wd値が5.0未満
A:Wd値が5.0以上10.0以下
B:Wd値が10.0超え
各試験塗板の一部を切り取り、40℃の温水に10日間浸漬し、引き上げて乾燥して、引き上げ後の塗装面を目視で観察し、ブリスタの発生を、以下の基準で評価した。
-評価基準-
A:ブリスタ発生なし
B:一部ブリスタ発生あり
C:全面ブリスタ発生
各試験塗板の一部を切り取り、40℃の温水に10日間浸漬し、引き上げて乾燥してから、下記密着性評価をした。
各試験塗板の塗膜面に素地に達するようにカッターで切り込み線を入れ、大きさ2mm×2mmのマス目を100個作り、その表面に粘着セロハンテープを貼着し、20℃においてそれを急激に剥離した後のマス目の残存塗膜数を調べ、以下の基準で評価した。
-評価基準-
AA:100個(剥離なし)
A:100個(一部剥離有り)
B:51個以上99個以下
C:50個以下
各試験塗板を室温で7日間放置し、その塗面に同一塗料を再塗装し硬化させてから、室温で3日間放置した後、上記密着性評価を行ない、残存塗膜数を調べ、以下の基準で評価した。
-評価基準-
AA:100個(剥離なし)
A:100個(一部剥離有り)
B:51個以上99個以下
C:50個以下
各試験塗板について「MA68II」(商品名、X-Rite株式会社製)を用いて、受光角15°におけるL*(15°)及びb*(15°)ならびに受光角110°におけるL*(110°)を測定し、塗膜のハイライトの明度(L*(15°))、フリップフロップ(L*(15°)-L*(110°))及びハイライトのb*値(b*(15°))を評価した。より具体的には、測定対象面に垂直な軸に対し45°の角度から測定光を照射し、正反射角から測定光の方向に15°又は110°の角度で受光した光についてL*及びb*を測定した。
一方、水性1液型干渉色塗料種(Y-2)における酸化チタン被覆合成雲母(B)の含有量が25質量部である比較例1は、意匠性が劣った。
水性1液型干渉色塗料種(Y-2)における酸化チタン被覆合成雲母(B)の含有量が35質量部である比較例2は、平滑性及び耐水試験(ブリスタ、密着性)が劣った。
水性1液型干渉色塗料種(Y-2)において酸化チタン被覆天然雲母を使用した比較例3は、意匠性が劣った。
水性1液型干渉色塗料種(Y-2)における塗料固形分が18%である比較例4は、意匠性が劣った。
水性1液型干渉色塗料種(Y-2)における塗料固形分が26%である比較例5は、意匠性が劣った。
溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)における、ウレトジオン構造を有するポリイソシアネート化合物とジイソシアネートの3量体以上の化合物との固形分質量比が1/99未満の比較例6は、耐水試験(ブリスタ、密着性)が劣った。
溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)におけるNCO/OH比が1.2の比較例7は、耐水試験(ブリスタ)が劣った。
溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)におけるNCO/OH比が2.2の比較例8はリコート密着性が劣った。
Claims (7)
- 自動車外板の金属部材及びプラスチック部材の両部材上に、
水性2液型第1着色塗料(X)を塗装して未硬化の第1着色塗膜を形成する工程(1)、
前記工程(1)で得られた未硬化の第1着色塗膜上に水性1液型白色塗料(Y-1)を塗装して未硬化の白色塗膜を形成する工程(2)、
前記工程(2)で得られた未硬化の白色塗膜上に水性1液型干渉色塗料(Y-2)を塗装して未硬化の干渉色塗膜を形成する工程(3)、
前記工程(3)で得られた未硬化の干渉色塗膜上に溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)を塗装して未硬化のクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程(4)、及び
前記工程(1)から(4)で形成された前記未硬化の第1着色塗膜、前記未硬化の白色塗膜、前記未硬化の干渉色塗膜及び前記未硬化のクリヤ塗膜を75~100℃で加熱して同時に硬化する工程(5)
を順次行う複層塗膜形成方法であって、
前記水性1液型干渉色塗料(Y-2)が、ビヒクル形成樹脂(A)及び酸化チタン被覆合成雲母(B)を含有し、前記ビヒクル形成樹脂(A)100質量部を基準として前記酸化チタン被覆合成雲母(B)を27~33質量部含有し、かつ塗料固形分が20~24質量%であり、
前記溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)が、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(Z1)及びポリイソシアネート化合物(Z2)を、前記水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(Z1)中の水酸基1当量に対し、前記ポリイソシアネート化合物(Z2)中のイソシアネート基が1.5~2.0当量となる割合で含有し、かつ、前記ポリイソシアネート化合物(Z2)が、ウレトジオン構造を有するポリイソシアネート化合物とジイソシアネートの3量体以上の化合物とを固形分質量比で10/90~50/50となる割合で含有し、
形成される複層塗膜は、多角度分光測色計で測定したとき、
ハイライトの明度(L*(15°))が、125~130であり、
フリップフロップ(L*(15°)-L*(110°))が、45~55であり、
ハイライトのb値(b*(15°))が、-2.0~-1.0である複層塗膜形成方法。 - 前記水性2液型第1着色塗料(X)が、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(X1)、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(X2)、水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂(X3)及びポリイソシアネート化合物(X4)を、前記水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(X1)、前記水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(X2)及び前記水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂(X3)中の水酸基1当量に対し、前記ポリイソシアネート化合物(X4)中のイソシアネート基が1.5~2.0当量となる割合で含有する請求項1記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 前記水性1液型白色塗料(Y-1)が、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(Y1)、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(Y2)、水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂(Y3)及びメラミン樹脂(Y4)を含有し、20℃における前記未硬化の白色塗膜の吸水率が6.5%以下である請求項1又は2記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 前記プラスチック部材に、あらかじめプライマーが塗装されている請求項1から3いずれか1項記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 前記プラスチック部材が、ポリアミド樹脂と変性ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂との複合材からなる請求項1から4いずれか1項記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 前記溶剤系2液型クリヤ塗料(Z)が、さらに平均一次粒子径が1~40nmのポリシロキサン変性シリカ粒子(Z3)を含有する請求項1から5いずれか1項記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 請求項1から6いずれか1項記載の複層塗膜形成方法によって得られる複層塗膜。
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