WO2021001994A1 - 同期制御回路およびそれを備えた無停電電源装置 - Google Patents
同期制御回路およびそれを備えた無停電電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021001994A1 WO2021001994A1 PCT/JP2019/026652 JP2019026652W WO2021001994A1 WO 2021001994 A1 WO2021001994 A1 WO 2021001994A1 JP 2019026652 W JP2019026652 W JP 2019026652W WO 2021001994 A1 WO2021001994 A1 WO 2021001994A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a synchronous control circuit and an uninterruptible power supply including the synchronous control circuit, and more particularly to a synchronous control circuit that generates phase information in phase with a three-phase AC signal and an uninterruptible power supply including the synchronous control circuit.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-08921 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-274766 (Patent Document 2) respond to a clock generator that generates a variable frequency clock signal and each pulse of the clock signal.
- a phase generator that advances the phase information by a predetermined angle
- a coordinate conversion unit that converts a three-phase AC signal into a vector on the rotation coordinates based on the phase information in response to each pulse of the clock signal
- a vector and rotation A synchronous control circuit including a control unit that controls the frequency of a clock signal so that the phase difference between the coordinate and the reference axis is eliminated is disclosed.
- JP-A-11-08217 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-274766
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a synchronization control circuit capable of rapidly synchronizing phase information with a three-phase AC signal, and an uninterruptible power supply equipped with the synchronization control circuit.
- the synchronous control circuit is a synchronous control circuit that generates phase information in phase with a three-phase AC signal, and is a clock generation unit, a phase generation unit, a coordinate conversion unit, a calculation unit, and a phase correction. It is provided with a unit and a control unit.
- the clock generator generates a variable frequency clock signal.
- the phase generator advances the phase information by a predetermined angle in response to each pulse of the clock signal.
- the coordinate conversion unit converts the three-phase AC signal into a vector on the rotating coordinates with reference to the phase information.
- the arithmetic unit finds the first phase difference between the vector and the reference axis of the rotating coordinates.
- the phase correction unit corrects the first phase difference and generates the second phase difference.
- the control unit controls the frequency of the clock signal so that the second phase difference disappears.
- the phase correction unit uses the first phase difference as it is as the second phase difference, and the magnitude of the first phase difference is predetermined. If it is smaller than the specified value, the second phase difference having the opposite polarity to the first phase difference is generated.
- the first phase difference between the vector and the reference axis of the rotating coordinates is obtained, and when the magnitude of the first phase difference is larger than a predetermined value, the first phase difference is obtained.
- the second phase difference when the magnitude of the first phase difference is smaller than a predetermined value, a second phase difference having the opposite polarity to the first phase difference is generated, and the second phase difference becomes Control the frequency of the clock signal so that it disappears. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the frequency of the clock signal from fluctuating up and down, and it is possible to rapidly synchronize the phase information with the three-phase AC signal.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration of an uninterruptible power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This uninterruptible power supply supplies the three-phase AC voltage supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5 or the bidirectional converter 3 to the load 6, but for the sake of simplification of drawings and explanations, one phase is shown in FIG. Only relevant parts are shown.
- This uninterruptible power supply is also called an instantaneous low compensation device.
- this uninterruptible power supply includes an input terminal T1, an output terminal T2, a battery terminal T3, breakers B1 to B4, a high-speed switch (HSS; High Speed Switch) 1, a transformer 2, a bidirectional converter 3, and a control.
- the device 4 is provided.
- the input terminal T1 receives the commercial frequency AC voltage VI supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5.
- the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI is detected by the control device 4.
- the output terminal T2 is connected to the load 6.
- the load 6 is driven by an AC voltage supplied from the uninterruptible power supply.
- the battery terminal T3 is connected to the battery 7 (power storage device).
- the battery 7 stores DC power.
- a capacitor may be connected instead of the battery 7.
- the voltage VB between the terminals of the battery 7 is detected by the control device 4.
- the breaker B1 is connected between the input terminal T1 and the output terminal T2. When using an uninterruptible power supply, the breaker B1 is turned off. During maintenance of the uninterruptible power supply, the breaker B1 is turned on, and the AC voltage VI from the commercial AC power supply 5 is supplied to the load 6 via the breaker B1.
- the breaker B2 is connected between the input terminal T1 and one terminal 1a of the high-speed switch 1.
- the breaker B3 is connected between the other terminal 1b of the high-speed switch 1 and the output terminal T2.
- the high-speed switch 1 is composed of, for example, a semiconductor switching element, and is controlled by the control device 4.
- the control device 4 When the commercial AC power supply 5 is sound, the high-speed switch 1 is turned on, and the AC voltage VI from the commercial AC power supply 5 is supplied to the load 6 via the breaker B2, the high-speed switch 1, and the breaker B3.
- the commercial AC power supply 5 loses power, the high-speed switch 1 is turned off and the commercial AC power supply 5 and the load 6 are electrically disconnected.
- the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VO appearing at the other terminal 1b of the high-speed switch 1 is detected by the control device 4.
- the breaker B4 is connected between the other terminal 1b of the high-speed switch 1 and the primary winding 2a of the transformer 2.
- the breaker B4 When using an uninterruptible power supply, the breaker B4 is turned on.
- the breaker B4 is turned off during maintenance of the uninterruptible power supply.
- the secondary winding 2b of the transformer 2 is connected to the AC terminal 3a of the bidirectional converter 3.
- the transformer 2 transfers AC power between the other terminal 1b of the high-speed switch 1 and the bidirectional converter 3.
- the DC terminal 3b of the bidirectional converter 3 is connected to the battery terminal T3.
- the bidirectional converter 3 is controlled by the control device 4.
- the bidirectional converter 3 converts the AC power supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5 via the breaker B2, the high-speed switch 1, the breaker B4, and the transformer 2 into DC power, and the battery 7 Store in.
- the bidirectional converter 3 converts the DC power of the battery 7 into commercial frequency AC power and supplies it to the load 6 via the transformers 2 and the breakers B4 and B3.
- the control device 4 controls the high-speed switch 1 and the bidirectional converter 3 based on the AC voltage VI, VO and the battery voltage VB. That is, the control device 4 determines that the commercial AC power supply 5 is sound when the AC voltage VI is higher than the lower limit value, and when the AC voltage VI is lower than the lower limit value, the commercial AC power supply 5 It is determined that a power failure has occurred.
- the control device 4 turns on the high-speed switch 1 and controls the bidirectional converter 3 in synchronization with the AC voltage VI so that the battery voltage VB becomes the reference voltage VBr.
- the control device 4 controls the bidirectional converter 3 to convert the battery voltage VB into a commercial frequency AC voltage VAC.
- the AC voltage VAC is a voltage that appears at the AC terminal 3a of the bidirectional converter 3.
- phase of the AC output voltage VAC of the bidirectional converter 3 When the phase of the AC output voltage VAC of the bidirectional converter 3 is advanced beyond the phase of the AC voltage VI from the commercial AC power supply 5, power flows from the battery 7 to the load 6 via the bidirectional converter 3, and the battery voltage VB is increased. descend.
- phase of the AC output voltage VAC is delayed from the phase of the AC voltage VI, electric power flows from the commercial AC power supply 5 to the battery 7 via the bidirectional converter 3, and the battery voltage VB rises.
- the control device 4 controls the bidirectional converter 3 to adjust the phase of the AC voltage VAC and keeps the battery voltage VB at the reference voltage VBr.
- control device 4 turns off the high-speed switch 1 and controls the bidirectional converter 3 so that the AC voltage VO becomes the reference voltage VOr in the event of a power failure of the commercial AC power supply 5.
- the control device 4 controls the bidirectional converter 3 to match the phase and frequency of the AC voltage VO with the phase and frequency of the AC voltage VI. , Turn on the high-speed switch 1.
- breakers B1 are turned off and breakers B2 to B4 are turned on.
- the high-speed switch 1 is turned on, and the AC power from the commercial AC power source 5 is supplied to the load 6 via the high-speed switch 1 to operate the load 6.
- the AC power from the commercial AC power source 5 is supplied to the bidirectional converter 3 via the high-speed switch 1 and the transformer 2, converted into DC power, and stored in the battery 7.
- the battery voltage VB reaches the reference voltage VBr
- the phase of the AC output voltage VAC of the bidirectional converter 3 is controlled, the battery voltage VB is maintained at the reference voltage VBr, and the bidirectional converter 3 is put into a standby state.
- the control device 4 controls the bidirectional converter 3 to match the phase and frequency of the AC voltage VO with the phase and frequency of the AC voltage VI. , Turn on the high-speed switch 1. As a result, it is possible to prevent the AC voltage VO from fluctuating and the operation of the load 6 from becoming unstable.
- the breakers B1 when performing maintenance of the uninterruptible power supply, the breakers B1 are turned on, the breakers B2 to B4 are turned off, AC power is supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5 to the load 6 via the breaker B1, and the load 6 is loaded. Be driven.
- the high-speed switch 1 and the like can be electrically disconnected from the commercial AC power source 5, and maintenance of the high-speed switch 1 and the like can be performed while operating the load 6.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a main part of the control device 4 shown in FIG.
- the control device 4 includes voltage detectors 11 to 13, A / D (Analog-to-Digital) converters 14 to 16, data bus 17, memory 18, oscillator 19, rate multi 20, counter 21, and CPU. (Central Processing Unit; central processing unit) 23, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) circuit 24, and driver 25 are included.
- the data bus 17 is connected to the A / D converters 14 to 16, the memory 18, the rate multi 20, the CPU 23, the PWM circuit 24, and the driver 25, and exchanges information between them.
- the voltage detector 11 detects instantaneous values of the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5, and outputs a three-phase AC signal indicating the detected values.
- the A / D converter 14 converts the three-phase AC signal output from the voltage detector 11 into a digital signal and gives it to the CPU 23 via the data bus 17.
- the voltage detector 12 detects instantaneous values of the three-phase AC voltages VOu, VOv, and VOw supplied from the uninterruptible power supply to the load 6, and outputs a three-phase AC signal indicating the detected values.
- the A / D converter 15 converts the three-phase AC signal output from the voltage detector 12 into a digital signal and gives it to the CPU 23 via the data bus 17.
- the voltage detector 13 detects the battery voltage VB and outputs a DC signal indicating the detected value.
- the A / D converter 16 converts the DC signal output from the voltage detector 13 into a digital signal and gives it to the CPU 23 via the data bus 17.
- the memory 18 is connected to the data bus 17 and stores various information and programs.
- the oscillator 19 generates a clock signal CLK1 (first sub clock signal) having a reference frequency fa.
- the rate multi 20 divides the clock signal CLK1 to generate the clock signal CLK2 (second sub clock signal).
- the frequency division ratio of the rate multi 20 is controlled by the frequency division command value n supplied from the CPU 23.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the input / output characteristics of the rate multi 20.
- the horizontal axis represents the frequency division command value n
- the vertical axis represents the frequency fb of the output clock signal CLK2 of the rate multi 20.
- the frequency division command value n is set to any value between the upper limit value N1 and the lower limit value N2.
- n is an integer. N1> 0> N2. As n increases from N2 to N1, the frequency fb increases in proportion to n.
- the frequency F0 is called a self-propelled frequency, and is set to a rated frequency of three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5.
- the counter 21 is an up / down counter, counts the pulse of the output clock signal CLK2 of the rate multi 20, and outputs the clock signal CLK3 based on the count result.
- the count value of the counter 21 increases in synchronization with the clock signal CLK2, and when the count value reaches the maximum value, the count value decreases in synchronization with the clock signal CLK2, and when the count value reaches the minimum value, the count value becomes It increases in synchronization with the clock signal CLK2. Therefore, the count value changes in a triangular wave shape.
- the counter 21 outputs a pulse when the count value reaches the maximum value and the minimum value.
- the output clock signal CLK3 of the counter 21 is a signal obtained by dividing the output clock signal CLK2 of the rate multi 20 by a constant division ratio.
- the oscillator 19, the rate multi 20, and the counter 21 constitute a clock generator 22 that generates a variable frequency clock signal CLK3.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing the operation of the clock generation unit 22.
- (A) shows the waveform of the output clock signal CLK1 of the oscillator 19
- (B) shows the waveform of the output clock signal CLK2 of the rate multi 20
- each of (C) and (D) is the count of the counter 21.
- the value CV is shown
- (E) shows the waveform of the output clock signal CLK3 of the counter 21.
- C) is an enlarged view of the time axis of (D).
- the frequency fb of the output clock signal CLK2 of the rate multi 20 becomes 1/2 the frequency fa of the output clock signal CLK1 of the oscillator 19.
- the count value CV of the counter 21 changes in a triangular wave shape in synchronization with the clock signal CLK2.
- the counter 21 outputs a pulse when the count value CV reaches the minimum value and the maximum value.
- the pulse train output from the counter 21 becomes the output clock signal CLK3 of the counter 21.
- Each pulse of the output clock signal CLK3 of the counter 21 is used as an interrupt request signal for requesting the CPU 23 to perform an interrupt process.
- the CPU 23 advances the phase information ⁇ by 2 ⁇ / 200 for each interrupt processing, and the phase information ⁇ and the three-phase AC voltage VIu supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5
- the phase difference d ⁇ with VIv and VIw is obtained, and the frequency division command value n for the rate multi 20 is controlled so that the phase difference d ⁇ disappears.
- the CPU 23 generates three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw based on the phase information ⁇ , and gives the voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw to the PWM circuit 24.
- the PWM circuit 24 PWM-controls the bidirectional converter 3 based on the voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw given by the CPU 23.
- the CPU 23 determines whether or not the commercial AC power supply 5 is sound based on the digital signal supplied from the A / D converter 14.
- the CPU 23 sets the control signal CNT to the "H” level when the commercial AC power supply 5 is sound, and sets the control signal CNT to the "L” level when the commercial AC power supply 5 fails.
- the driver 25 turns on the high-speed switch 1 when the control signal CNT is at the "H” level, and turns off the high-speed switch 1 when the control signal CNT is at the "L” level.
- the CPU 23 matches the phase information ⁇ with the phases of the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5, and causes a bidirectional converter. After matching the phase and frequency of the three-phase AC voltages Vou, Vov, and VOw generated by the transformer 2 and the phase and frequency of the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw, the high-speed switch 1 is turned on.
- the voltage detector 11, A / D converter 14, data bus 17, memory 18, clock generator 22, and CPU 23 in FIG. 2 are three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw (three) supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5.
- a synchronous control circuit 30 that generates phase information ⁇ having the same phase as the phase AC signal) is configured. The synchronization control circuit 30 operates based on the program stored in the memory 18.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the synchronization control circuit 30.
- the synchronous control circuit 30 includes a clock generation unit 22, a phase generation unit 31, a coordinate conversion unit 32, a calculation unit 33, a discrimination unit 34, a phase correction unit 35, and a control unit 36.
- the phase generator 31 includes a phase counter.
- the count value of the phase counter is stored in the memory 18.
- the phase generation unit 31 increments the count value of the phase counter in response to each pulse of the clock signal CLK3.
- the phase counter is a modulo counter that repeatedly counts from 0 to 199.
- the coordinate conversion unit 32 samples the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5 in response to each pulse of the output clock signal CLK3 of the clock generation unit 22, and the sampled three-phase AC voltage. VIu, VIv, and VIw are converted into a vector VE on the rotational coordinates with reference to the phase information ⁇ .
- the function of the coordinate conversion unit 32 is realized by the voltage detector 11, the A / D converter 14, the CPU 23, and the memory 18.
- a sine wave data table is stored in the memory 18.
- the coordinate conversion unit 32 samples the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5 in response to each pulse of the output clock signal CLK3 of the clock generation unit 22, and the sampled three-phase.
- AC voltage VIu, VIv, VIw is A / D converted.
- the coordinate conversion unit 32 reads out the sin value and the cos value represented by the following equations (1) to (6) from the sine wave data table by using the count value C of the phase counter.
- the coordinate conversion unit 32 converts the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, VIw into a vector VE on the rotating coordinates based on the above data signals DIu, DIv, DIw and the following equation (7).
- VIu VI1 ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ fv + d ⁇ )... (8)
- VIv VI1 ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ fv-2 ⁇ / 3 + d ⁇ )... (9)
- VIw VI1 ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ fv + 2 ⁇ / 3 + d ⁇ )... (10)
- the d-axis component VId and the q-axis component VIq of the vector VE are represented by the following equations (11) and (12).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a vector VE on the rotating coordinates.
- the rotating coordinates have a d-axis and a q-axis.
- the vector VE is indicated by an arrow with the origin as the base end.
- the length of the vector VE is (3/2) 1/2 VI1, and the phase difference between the vector VE and the d-axis is d ⁇ .
- the phase difference d ⁇ between the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, VIw and the phase information ⁇ is equal to the phase difference d ⁇ between the vector VE and the d-axis.
- the d-axis component VId and the q-axis component VIq of the vector VE are given to the calculation unit 33 and the determination unit 34.
- the calculation unit 33 obtains the phase difference d ⁇ between the vector VE and the d-axis (reference axis) of the rotating coordinates based on the d-axis component VId and the q-axis component VIq of the vector VE.
- the calculation unit 33 obtains the phase difference d ⁇ based on the following equation (13).
- the determination unit 34 determines which sub-quadrant Q of the first sub-quadrant Q1 to the eighth sub-quadrant Q8 of the rotational coordinates is located in the vector. To determine.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the first sub-quadrant Q1 to the eighth sub-quadrant Q8 set in the rotating coordinates.
- the region of 0 to ⁇ / 2 of the rotational coordinates is defined as the Ith quadrant
- the region of ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ is defined as the second quadrant
- the region of 0 to ( ⁇ / 2) is the third quadrant. It is defined as the quadrant
- the region from (- ⁇ / 2) to (- ⁇ ) is defined as the IVth quadrant.
- the first quadrant is equally divided into the first sub-quadrant Q1, the second sub-quadrant Q2, and the third sub-quadrant Q3 in the counterclockwise direction
- the second quadrant is the fourth sub-quadrant Q4
- the third quadrant is the third. It is defined as the 5th quadrant Q5, and the IVth quadrant is equally divided into the 6th quadrant Q6, the 7th quadrant Q7, and the 8th quadrant Q8 in the counterclockwise direction.
- the region of 0 to ⁇ / 6 in the rotational coordinates is designated as the first sub-quadrant Q1
- the region of ⁇ / 6 to ⁇ / 3 is designated as the second sub-quadrant Q2
- the region of ⁇ / 3 to ⁇ / 2 The region is designated as the third sub-quadrant Q3, and the region of ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ is designated as the fourth sub-quadrant Q4.
- the region from 0 to (- ⁇ / 6) is designated as the 8th sub-quadrant Q8, and the region from (- ⁇ / 6) to (- ⁇ / 3) is designated as the 7th sub-quadrant Q7, and (- ⁇ / 3).
- the region from) to ( ⁇ / 2) is designated as the sixth sub-quadrant Q6, and the region from ( ⁇ / 2) to ( ⁇ ) is designated as the fifth sub-quadrant Q5.
- the discriminant unit 34 determines that the vector VE is a sub-quadrant of any of the first sub-quadrant Q1 to the eighth sub-quadrant Q8 based on the ratio of the d-axis component VId and the q-axis component VIq of the vector VE and their respective polarities. Determine if it is located in Q.
- the vector VE exists in the second subquadrant Q2.
- the ratio of VId and VIq is ⁇ 1.0 and the polarities of VId and VIq are positive and negative, respectively, the vector VE exists in the seventh subquadrant Q7.
- the phase correction unit 35 corrects the phase difference d ⁇ obtained by the calculation unit 33 based on the discrimination result of the discrimination unit 34 to generate the phase difference d ⁇ A.
- FIG. 8 shows the vector VE1 in the I quadrant and the vector VE2 in the II quadrant.
- d ⁇ 1 be the phase difference between the vector VE1 and the d-axis
- d ⁇ 2 be the phase difference between the vector VE2 and the d-axis.
- d ⁇ 1 is 0 to ⁇ / 2
- d ⁇ 2 is ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ .
- the calculation unit 33 obtains the phase difference d ⁇ of the vectors VE1 and VE2 based on the above equation (13), the phase difference d ⁇ 1 of the vector VE1 of the Ith quadrant is correctly obtained, but the vector VE2 of the IIth quadrant The phase difference d ⁇ 2 is not correctly obtained, and the phase difference of the vector VE2 is obtained as ( ⁇ d ⁇ 2). Therefore, when the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE is gradually increased in the second quadrant, the calculated value of d ⁇ by the calculation unit 33 gradually decreases, and when the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE is set to ⁇ , the d ⁇ by the calculation unit 33 The calculated value is 0 degrees.
- PLM positive limit value
- phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE in the IVth quadrant is correctly obtained, but the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE in the III quadrant is not correctly obtained and is obtained as ( ⁇ d ⁇ ). Therefore, when the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE is gradually increased to the negative side in the third quadrant, the calculated value of d ⁇ by the calculation unit 33 is gradually increased to the positive side, and the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE is set to ⁇ . , The calculated value of d ⁇ by the calculation unit 33 is 0 degrees.
- NLM negative limit value
- the control unit 36 in the subsequent stage expands the phase difference d ⁇ between the vector VE and the phase information ⁇ .
- the sub-quadrant Qn in which the vector VEn generated in response to the current pulse (interrupt request signal) is located and the sub-quadrant Qn generated in response to the previous pulse (interrupt request signal) are generated.
- the sub-quadrant Qp in which the obtained vector VEp is located is compared, and based on the comparison result, it is determined whether the current vector VEn is the lead phase or the lag phase, and the phase difference ⁇ is corrected based on the discrimination result.
- the first quadrant in order to quickly determine whether the vector VE is the lead phase or the lag phase, the first quadrant is divided into the first sub-quadrant Q1 to the third sub-quadrant Q3, and the IV quadrant is the sixth sub-quadrant. It is divided into quadrant Q6 to eighth sub-quadrant Q8.
- the vector of this time is used.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a part of the operation of the phase correction unit 35
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing another part of the operation of the phase correction unit 35.
- the phase correction unit 35 reads from the determination unit 34 the sub-quadrant Qn in which the vector VEn generated in response to the current pulse (interrupt request signal) is located.
- step ST2 the phase correction unit 35 determines whether or not the phase difference flag PF stored in the memory 18 is at the “H” level.
- the phase correction unit 35 in step ST3 has the sub-quadrant Qn in which the current vector VEn is located and the previous vector stored in the memory 18. It is determined whether or not the sub-quadrant Qp in which the VEp is located satisfies the condition [1] of FIG.
- condition [1] there are three cases where condition [1] is met.
- the current vector VEn is located in the 6th quadrant Q6, and the previous vector VEp is the 7th quadrant Q7, the 8th quadrant Q8, the 1st quadrant Q1, the 2nd quadrant Q2, or This is the case when it is located in the third sub-quadrant Q3.
- the current vector VEn is located in the 7th quadrant Q7, and the previous vector VEp is in the 8th quadrant Q8, the 1st quadrant Q1, the 2nd quadrant Q2, or the 3rd quadrant Q3. If it is located.
- the current vector VEn is located in the eighth sub-quadrant Q8, and the previous vector VEp is located in the first sub-quadrant Q1, the second sub-quadrant Q2, or the third sub-quadrant Q3. is there.
- the current vector VEn is located in any of the sub-quadrants Q6 to Q8, and the previous vector VEp is in the sub-quadrants Q7, Q8, Q1 to Q3. This is the case where it is located in the sub-quadrant Qp on the counterclockwise side of the sub-quadrant Qn.
- step ST3 When it is determined in step ST3 that the condition [1] is satisfied, the phase correction unit 35 determines that the vector VE has rotated clockwise, that is, the vector VEn this time is a phase lag, and in step ST4.
- step ST3 When it is determined in step ST3 that the condition [1] is not satisfied, the phase correction unit 35 determines that the vector VEn this time is a phase lead, and whether or not the condition [2] is satisfied in step ST6. To determine. When the condition [2] is satisfied, the vector VEn this time is located in any of the sub-quadrants Q1 to Q3 and Q6 to Q8. In other words, when the condition [2] is satisfied, it is the case that the current vector VEn is located in the Ith quadrant or the IVth quadrant.
- step ST6 When it is determined in step ST6 that the condition [2] is satisfied, the phase correction unit 35 determines in step ST7 whether or not the condition [3] is satisfied.
- the vector VEn this time is located in any of the sub-quadrants Q1 to Q3. In other words, when the condition [3] is satisfied, it means that the vector VEn this time is located in the Ith quadrant, and the magnitude of the phase difference d ⁇ becomes smaller than the predetermined value ( ⁇ / 2). If you are.
- step ST7 When it is determined in step ST7 that the condition [3] is satisfied, the phase correction unit 35 determines that the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VEn this time is approaching 0 degrees, and in step ST8 this time.
- a small phase difference d ⁇ A having the opposite polarity to the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VEn this time is generated, and the phase difference d ⁇ A is quickly converged to 0 degrees.
- step ST11 of FIG. 11 the phase correction unit 35 stores the sub-quadrant Qn in which the current vector VEn is located and the memory 18 last time. It is determined whether or not the sub-quadrant Qp in which the vector VEp of the above is located satisfies the condition [4] of FIG.
- condition [4] there are three cases where condition [4] is met.
- the current vector VEn is located in the third sub-quadrant Q3, and the previous vector VEp is the second sub-quadrant Q2, the first sub-quadrant Q1, the eighth sub-quadrant Q8, the seventh sub-quadrant Q7, or This is the case when it is located in the sixth sub-quadrant Q6.
- the current vector VEn is located in the second sub-quadrant Q2, and the previous vector VEp is in the first sub-quadrant Q1, the eighth sub-quadrant Q8, the seventh sub-quadrant Q7, or the sixth sub-quadrant Q6. If it is located.
- the current vector VEn is located in the first sub-quadrant Q1
- the previous vector VEp is located in the eighth sub-quadrant Q8, the seventh sub-quadrant Q7, or the sixth sub-quadrant Q6. is there.
- the current vector VEn is located in any of the sub-quadrants Q1 to Q3, and the previous vector VEp is among the sub-quadrants Q6 to Q8, Q1 and Q2. This is the case where it is located in the sub-quadrant Qp on the clockwise side of the sub-quadrant Qn.
- step ST11 When it is determined in step ST11 that the condition [4] is satisfied, the phase correction unit 35 determines that the vector VE is rotated counterclockwise, that is, the vector VEn this time is phase-advanced, and in step ST12.
- step ST11 When it is determined in step ST11 that the condition [4] is not satisfied, it is determined that the vector VEn this time is a phase lag, and in step ST14, the phase correction unit 35 determines whether or not the condition [5] is satisfied. To determine. When the condition [5] is satisfied, the vector VEn this time is located in any of the sub-quadrants Q1 to Q3 and Q6 to Q8. In other words, when the condition [5] is satisfied, it is the case that the current vector VEn is located in the Ith quadrant or the IVth quadrant.
- step ST14 determines in step ST14 whether or not the condition [6] is satisfied.
- the vector VEn this time is located in any of the sub-quadrants Q6 to Q8.
- the condition [3] it means that the vector VEn this time is located in the IVth quadrant, and the magnitude of the phase difference d ⁇ becomes smaller than the predetermined value ( ⁇ / 2). If you are.
- step ST15 When it is determined in step ST15 that the condition [6] is satisfied, it is determined that the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VEn this time is approaching 0 degrees, and in step ST16, the phase correction unit 35 determines that the phase difference d ⁇ is approaching 0 degrees.
- a small phase difference d ⁇ A having the opposite polarity to the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VEn this time is generated, and the phase difference d ⁇ A is quickly converged to 0 degrees.
- step ST19 the phase correction unit 35 stores the sub-quadrant Qn in which the current vector VEn is located in the memory 18 as the sub-quadrant Qp in which the previous vector VEp is located, and the phase difference d ⁇ of the current vector VEn. Is stored in the memory 18 as the phase difference d ⁇ p of the previous vector VEp. As a result, the phase correction process corresponding to one interrupt request signal is completed.
- control unit 36 generates a frequency division command value n so that the corrected phase difference d ⁇ A becomes 0 degrees, controls the frequency division ratio of the rate multi 20, and controls the frequency division ratio of the rate multi 20 so that the clock generation unit 22
- the frequency fc of the output clock signal CLK3 is controlled.
- control unit 36 performs a PI (Proportional Integral) operation on the corrected phase difference d ⁇ A according to the following equation (14).
- U (S) Kp (1 + Ki / S) ⁇ d ⁇ A... (14)
- U (S) is a manipulated variable
- Kp is a proportional gain
- Ki is an integral gain
- S is a Laplace operator.
- the control unit 36 generates a frequency division command value n based on the manipulated variable U (S). That is, the control unit 36 controls the frequency division command value n so that the sum of the value proportional to the phase difference d ⁇ A and the value proportional to the integral value of the phase difference d ⁇ A becomes 0.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the operation of the synchronization control circuit 30 shown in FIGS. 5 to 13.
- the coordinate conversion unit 32 converts the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5 into digital signals.
- step ST23 the coordinate conversion unit 32 reads the sin value and the cos value shown by the mathematical expressions (1) to (6) from the sine wave data table using the phase information ⁇ .
- step ST24 the coordinate conversion unit 32 dq-converts the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw converted into digital signals based on the mathematical formula (7), and obtains the d-axis component VId and the q-axis component VIq. As a result, the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw are converted into vector VE on the rotating coordinates.
- step ST25 the calculation unit 33 obtains the phase difference d ⁇ between the vector VE and the d-axis based on the mathematical formula (13).
- step ST26 the determination unit 34 determines which of the sub-quadrants Q1 to Q8 the vector VE is located in.
- step S27 the phase correction unit 35 executes steps ST1 to ST19 (FIGS. 10 and 11) to correct the phase difference d ⁇ of the vector VE and generate the phase difference d ⁇ A.
- step ST28 the control unit 36 performs a PI operation on the corrected phase difference d ⁇ A to obtain the manipulated variable U (S), generates a frequency division command value n, and gives it to the rate multi 20.
- Steps ST21 to ST28 are executed in response to each pulse (interrupt request signal) of the output clock signal CLK3 of the clock generation unit 22.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a part of the control device 4 related to control of the high-speed switch 1 and the bidirectional converter 3.
- the control device 4 includes a power failure detector 40 and a control unit 41.
- the power failure detector 40 is composed of a voltage detector 11, an A / D converter 14, and a CPU 23 (FIG. 2).
- the control unit 41 is composed of voltage detectors 12, 13, A / D converters 15, 16, and a CPU 23 (FIG. 2).
- the power failure detector 40 detects whether or not a power failure has occurred in the commercial AC power supply 5 based on the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw supplied from the commercial AC power supply 5, and outputs a signal ⁇ 40 indicating the detection result. Output.
- the signal ⁇ 40 is set to the “H” level
- the signal ⁇ 40 is set to the “L” level.
- the control unit 41 sets the control signal CNT (FIG. 2) to the “H” level, turns on the high-speed switch 1, and sets the phase information ⁇ and the battery voltage VB. Based on this, the three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw are generated and given to the PWM circuit 24 (FIG. 2).
- the PWM circuit 24 PWM-controls the bidirectional converter 3 according to the three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw.
- the three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw whose phase is ahead of the phase information ⁇ are generated.
- electric power flows from the battery 7 to the load 6 via the bidirectional converter 3 and the transformer 2, and the battery 7 is discharged.
- the bidirectional converter 3 When the battery voltage VB is equal to the reference voltage VBr, the three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, VCw of the phase corresponding to the phase information ⁇ are generated, and the bidirectional converter 3 is put into a standby state.
- the control unit 41 sets the control signal CNT to the “L” level and turns off the high-speed switch 1. ,
- the three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw of the phase immediately before the power failure are continuously generated.
- the control unit 41 receives new phase information ⁇ and the three-phase AC voltage VOu generated by the bidirectional converter 3. , VOv, and VOw are generated so that the three-phase voltage command values VCu, VCv, and VCw are in phase.
- the control unit 41 sets the control signal CNT to the “H” level and turns on the high-speed switch 1.
- the load is loaded.
- the power supply source to 6 can be smoothly switched from the bidirectional converter 3 to the commercial AC power supply 5.
- the phase difference d ⁇ between the vector VE and the d-axis of the rotating coordinates is obtained, and when the magnitude of the phase difference d ⁇ is larger than a predetermined value (for example, ⁇ / 2),
- the phase difference d ⁇ is used as it is as the phase difference d ⁇ A, and when the magnitude of the phase difference d ⁇ is smaller than a predetermined value, a small phase difference d ⁇ A is generated with the opposite polarity to the phase difference d ⁇ so that the phase difference d ⁇ A becomes 0 degrees.
- the frequency fc of the clock signal CLK3 is controlled. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the frequency fc of the clock signal CLK3 from fluctuating up and down, and the phase information ⁇ can be quickly synchronized with the three-phase AC voltages VIu, VIv, and VIw.
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Abstract
Description
sinV=sin(2πC/C0-2π/3) …(2)
sinW=sin(2πC/C0+2π/3) …(3)
cosU=cos(2πC/C0) …(4)
cosV=cos(2πC/C0-2π/3) …(5)
cosW=cos(2πC/C0+2π/3) …(6)
ここで、C0は1サイクル当たりの割込数であり、たとえば200である。また、2πC/C0は、位相情報θである。
VIv=VI1・sin(2πfv-2π/3+dθ) …(9)
VIw=VI1・sin(2πfv+2π/3+dθ) …(10)
この場合、ベクトルVEのd軸成分VIdおよびq軸成分VIqは、次式(11)(12)で表わされる。
VIq=(3/2)1/2VI1・sin(dθ) …(12)
図6は、回転座標上のベクトルVEを示す図である。図6において、回転座標はd軸およびq軸を有する。ベクトルVEは、原点を基端とする矢印で示される。ベクトルVEの長さは(3/2)1/2VI1であり、ベクトルVEとd軸の位相差はdθである。三相交流電圧VIu,VIv,VIwと位相情報θとの位相差dθは、ベクトルVEとd軸の位相差dθに等しくなっている。ベクトルVEのd軸成分VIdおよびq軸成分VIqは、演算部33および判別部34に与えられる。
判別部34は、ベクトルVEのd軸成分VIdおよびq軸成分VIqに基づいて、ベクトルが回転座標の第1副象限Q1~第8副象限Q8のうちのいずれの副象限Qに位置しているかを判別する。
ここで、U(S)は操作量であり、Kpは比例ゲインであり、Kiは積分ゲインであり、Sはラプラス演算子である。
Claims (8)
- 三相交流信号と同位相の位相情報を生成する同期制御回路であって、
可変周波数のクロック信号を生成するクロック発生部と、
前記クロック信号の各パルスに応答して前記位相情報を予め定められた角度ずつ進ませる位相発生部と、
前記クロック信号の各パルスに応答して、前記位相情報を基準として前記三相交流信号を回転座標上のベクトルに変換する座標変換部と、
前記ベクトルと前記回転座標の基準軸との間の第1の位相差を求める演算部と、
前記第1の位相差を補正して第2の位相差を生成する位相補正部と、
前記第2の位相差がなくなるように前記クロック信号の周波数を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記位相補正部は、
前記第1の位相差の大きさが予め定められた値よりも大きい場合には、前記第1の位相差をそのまま前記第2の位相差とし、
前記第1の位相差の大きさが前記予め定められた値よりも小さい場合には、前記第1の位相差と逆極性の前記第2の位相差を生成する、同期制御回路。 - 前記位相補正部は、前記第1の位相差の大きさが前記予め定められた値よりも小さい場合には、今回のパルスに応答して生成された第1のベクトルの前記第1の位相差から、前回のパルスに応答して生成された第2のベクトルの前記第1の位相差を減算することによって前記第2の位相差を生成する、請求項1に記載の同期制御回路。
- 前記ベクトルが前記回転座標の第I象限、第II象限、第III象限、および第IV象限のうちのいずれの象限に位置しているかを判別する判別部をさらに備え、
前記位相補正部は、
前記第1および第2のベクトルを比較して前記第1のベクトルが進み位相であるか遅れ位相であるかを判別し、
前記第1のベクトルが進み位相であり、かつ前記第1のベクトルが前記第I象限に位置している場合には、前記第1のベクトルの前記第1の位相差から前記第2のベクトルの前記第1の位相差を減算することによって前記第2の位相差を生成し、
前記第1のベクトルが進み位相であり、かつ前記第1のベクトルが前記第IV象限に位置している場合には、前記第1の位相差をそのまま前記第2の位相差とし、
前記第1のベクトルが遅れ位相であり、かつ前記第1のベクトルが前記第IV象限に位置している場合には、前記第1のベクトルの前記第1の位相差から前記第2のベクトルの前記第1の位相差を減算することによって前記第2の位相差を生成し、
前記第1のベクトルが遅れ位相であり、かつ前記第1のベクトルが前記第I象限に位置している場合には、前記第1の位相差をそのまま前記第2の位相差とする、請求項2に記載の同期制御回路。 - 前記位相補正部は、
前記第1のベクトルが進み位相であり、かつ前記第1のベクトルが前記第II象限に位置している場合には、正の制限値を前記第2の位相差とし、
前記第1のベクトルが遅れ位相であり、かつ前記第1のベクトルが前記第III象限に位置している場合には、負の制限値を前記第2の位相差とする、請求項3に記載の同期制御回路。 - 前記第I象限は複数の第1副象限に分割され、前記第IV象限は複数の第2副象限に分割され、
前記判別部は、前記ベクトルが前記複数の第1副象限および前記複数の第2副象限のうちのいずれの副象限に位置しているかをさらに判別し、
前記位相補正部は、
前記第1のベクトルが前記複数の第1副象限のうちのいずれかの第1副象限に位置し、前記第2のベクトルが前記第1のベクトルよりも右回り側の第1副象限または第2副象限に位置している場合には前記第1のベクトルは進み位相であると判別し、
前記第1のベクトルが前記複数の第2副象限のうちのいずれかの第2副象限に位置し、前記第2のベクトルが前記第1のベクトルよりも左回り側の第1副象限または第2副象限に位置している場合には前記第1のベクトルは遅れ位相であると判別する、請求項3に記載の同期制御回路。 - 前記クロック発生部は、
一定周波数の第1の副クロック信号を生成する発振器と、
前記第1の副クロック信号を分周して第2の副クロック信号を生成し、分周比の制御が可能なレートマルチと、
前記第2の副クロック信号のパルスをカウントし、カウント値が最大値および最小値に到達する毎にパルスを出力することにより、前記クロック信号を生成するアップダウンカウンタとを含み、
前記制御部は、前記レートマルチの分周比を制御することにより、前記クロック信号の周波数を制御する、請求項1に記載の同期制御回路。 - 前記制御部は、前記第2の位相差およびその積分値に基づいて前記クロック信号の周波数を制御する、請求項1に記載の同期制御回路。
- 請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の同期制御回路と、
交流電源と負荷の間に接続され、前記交流電源の健全時にはオンされ、前記交流電源の停電時にはオフされるスイッチと、
前記交流電源の健全時には、前記交流電源から前記スイッチを介して供給される三相交流電力を直流電力に変換して電力貯蔵装置に蓄え、前記交流電源の停電時には、前記電力貯蔵装置の直流電力を三相交流電力に変換して前記負荷に供給する双方向コンバータと、
前記位相情報に基づいて前記双方向コンバータを制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記三相交流信号は、前記交流電源から供給される三相交流電圧である、無停電電源装置。
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JP2002044959A (ja) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-08 | Takaoka Electric Mfg Co Ltd | インバータ装置用位相同期方法 |
JP2007274766A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp | 同期制御方法及び同期制御装置 |
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US20210328455A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 |
CN113169660B (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
KR102553986B1 (ko) | 2023-07-10 |
CN113169660A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
JP6871480B1 (ja) | 2021-05-12 |
KR20210084575A (ko) | 2021-07-07 |
US11329503B2 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
JPWO2021001994A1 (ja) | 2021-09-13 |
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